Gêneros textuais da Modalidade Oral

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1 Marcar para revisão
Bakhtin realised that genre could also be used
to analyse language in its everyday use.
According to him, genre is composed of
"relatively stable utterances". Choose the option
that best explains the idea of "relatively stable"
defined by Bakhtin:
BAKHTIN, M. Estética da criação verbal. Marins
Fontes, São Paulo, 1992.
Genres are relative to one another.
The contents of genres are very
similar and do not change structure.
The structure of the genre does not
change, but the content (which makes
the sub-type) does.
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Lista de exercícios Gêneros Textuais Da Modalidade Oral Sair
D
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Because genres are stable, but
Bakhtin was not sure.
"Relatively stable" means they are the
same.
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The genres have a constant structure that
is always used, but what the speaker wants
to covey may vary. They are neither
completely stable nor simply similar.
Bakhtin said "relatively stable" exactly
because he realized that this "stability" is
not rigid. Therefore, the correct answer is:
The structure of the genre does not
change, but the content (which makes the
sub-type) does.
2 Marcar para revisão
An oral report for schools can be quite similar to
presentations. Which of the options presents
key stages in the correct order that fit this sub-
type of the genre?
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Feedback, development of the topic,
comments, conclusion.
Criticism of the topic, transcripts
prepared before the presentation,
discussion, feedback.
Greeting, introduction, main points,
conclusion.
Visuals, gestures, main points,
feedback.
Introduction, timing, discussion,
assessment.
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The students who deliver an oral report
have to be aware of the key stages
proposed by the institution, but, basically,
they have to greet the class, introduce the
topic, talk about its mains point and reach a
conclusion. Feedback and assessment are
usually done after the presentation and are
given by the class and teacher. Criticism,
comments, discussion may happen, but in
specific orders.
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3 Marcar para revisão
Discourse markers are extremely used when
engaging in oral interactions. What is their
purpose?
To ascertain the speaker that the
listener is paying attention and
encouraging them to go on.
They are special features that mark
the dialogue.
They are linking words that are only
used in texts.
They are words that, when used, may
make people understand the speech.
They are words such as "what, when,
where" used in questions.
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Discourse markers encourage and help the
dialogue continue, but would not exactly be
something that marks the dialogue and
they are also used orally, not only in texts.
They help organize the speech; therefore,
they don't provide misunderstandings.
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They are also not features of WH-
questions.
4 Marcar para revisão
In general, in Spoken Genres people must
understand the purpose of what they are
saying, the structure to be followed, how to lead
and control the interaction, interruptions and
many other spoken situations that may happen.
If, by any chance, a person forgets what his/her
line is during an oral presentation, what should
he/she do?
Stop everything and look for my notes.
Tell the group that you have forgotten
what you were going to say.
Hesitate and fill the gap with discourse
markers (uhmm; humm) until you
remember.
Giggle nervously.
Do not panic, recompose yourself,
concentrate to try to remember and go
on.
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When forgetting your lines, especially if
you are nervous, never giggle (bear in mind
the formality of the event); try not to look at
your notes; do not emphasize the fact that
you are having a problem to the group by
telling them; do not use discourse markers
since everybody will notice your problem;
take the activity seriously: recollect
yourself, and calm down. The line will come
to you if you just relax.
5 Marcar para revisão
Even for informal conversations, politeness is
extremely important. Considering the Politeness
Theory, what is "face"?
It is a part of the body.
It is about worrying about being polite.
It is how we expect the world to see
us.
It is a criticism.
It is something invented to help people
understand their identity.
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 As we are focusing on linguistics, the word
"face" here is not a part of the body. It is
the way we portray ourselves to show the
world a façade. "Face", as itself, is not
about being polite or criticizing someone, it
is rather about protecting against offenses
by receiving politeness from the
interlocutor. It is your social exposure and
how the world understands your identity.
6 Marcar para revisão
In general, in Spoken Genres people must
understand the purpose of what they are
saying, the structure to be followed, how to lead
and control the interaction, interruptions and
many other spoken situations that may happen.
What is one of the dangers of presenting a
seminar in group?
Having one person monopolize the
presentation.
Timing your presentation.
Each person talks for about the same
amount of time.
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Preparing the seminar carefully.
Avoiding hesitations.
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For seminars in groups; timing your
presentation, having each participant talk
for the same amount of time; preparing the
seminar and avoiding hesitations are
desirable characteristics of this sub-genre.
What is not wanted is having only one of
the participants talk for most of the time.
You must show that you all worked
together, therefore, you all have something
to say on the matter.
7 Marcar para revisão
For a good development of a dialogue,
participants must be careful not to talk one on
top of the other so as to make conversation flow
successfully. What is called the structure that
speakers must be aware of in this type of
interaction?
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Greeting.
Ellipsis.
Gestures.
Turn-taking.
Discourse markers.
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The correct answer is "turn-taking"
because, according to its definition, it
happens when one person waits for their
turn to speak, avoiding overlapping and
misunderstanding. Greetings are what we
use to open a conversation; ellipsis are
related to omitting certain parts of a
sentence; gestures happen in face-to-face
dialogues and are not spoken features;
discourse markers help show the speaker
that the listener is paying attention or
encouraging them to speak.
8 Marcar para revisão
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D
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In general, in Spoken Genres people must
understand the purpose of what they are
saying, the structure to be followed, how to lead
and control the interaction, interruptions and
many other spoken situations that may happen.
What should the person be aware of when
presenting an oral report?
That they are difficult.
That they should be presented only to
the teacher.
What the structure of oral reports
proposed by the institution is.
Where it will take place.
If they should prepare beforehandor if
should be a spontaneous activity.
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C. Confira o gabarito comentado!
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The fact that they are difficult or not is
something very personal and it is rarely
presented only to the teacher (most likely
to teacher and class, parents, community),
it usually takes place at the institution the
person goes to and it must be prepared.
But one of the important aspects is
knowing if the institution has a formulaic
way of presentations of oral reports.
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9 Marcar para revisão
There is a kind of "formula" existent in the oral
aspect of a language. Bearing this in mind,
which utterance would best fit greetings among
friends in an informal conversation?
The apple never falls far from the tree.
Are you English?
Hello! How are you today?
Pleased to meet you.
How do you do?
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Regarding the fact that the question
considers friends in an informal interaction,
this sub-genre requests an utterance that
fits the description. The greeting that
corresponds to that aspect is "Hello! How
are you today?", since "The apple never
falls far from the tree" is a saying; "Are you
English?" is not a greeting; "Pleased to
meet you" is what you formally say when
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first meeting a person and "How do you
do?" is too formal.
10 Marcar para revisão
According to Austin (1962) in his book How to
do things with words, utterances have a social
function. How can interactions have a social
effect in the world?
AUSTIN, J. L. How to do things with words.
Cambridge: Harvard University Press Print,
1962.
They are "relatively stable".
Society implies that genres must be
used.
Language is part of society; therefore,
the spoken genre implies social
functions that take place in
interactions.
Interactions are expected to work
socially.
Social functions can only be found in
certain interactions.
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Genres play a role in interactions, which are
part of society. Therefore, genres have a
social effect in the world since utterances
have the effect of changing reality,
according to Austin. Being "relatively
stable" does not answer its social function,
nor that the use of genre is demanded or
expected from society. Also, all interactions
have social functions.