Discovering_English_9A

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EDUCAÇÃO É A BASE
MINISTÉRIO DA EDUCAÇÃO
RESOLUÇÃO N° 2, DE 22
DE DEZEMBRO DE 2017
Livro editado
conforme a:
9o ANO 
ENSINO FUNDAMENTAL
M A R I A D E M E L O
DIscoverin_English_9A_01.indd 1 31/08/2019 07:26:47
M A R I A D E M E L O
9o ANO 
ENSINO FUNDAMENTAL
Reprodução proibida.
Art. 184 do Código Penal e Lei no 9.610, de 19 de fevereiro de 1998.
Fizeram-se todos os esforços para localizar os detentores dos direitos 
dos textos contidos neste livro. A Editora pede desculpas se houve al-
guma omissão e, em edições futuras, terá prazer em incluir quaisquer 
créditos faltantes.
Editor: Lécio Cordeiro
Capa: Adriana Ribeiro
Assessoria pedagógica: Eurico Santos
Revisão de texto: Heber Costa
Editoração eletrônica, projeto gráfico e 
pesquisa iconográfica: Allegro Digital
Direitos reservados à:
Rua Neto Campelo Júnior, 37 – Mustardinha 
CEP: 50760-330 – Recife/PE
Tel.: (81) 3447.1178 – Fax: (81) 3422.3638
CNPJ: 00.726.498/0001-74
IE: 18.1.001.0214538-9
.
Coordenação editorial:
www.editoraconstruir.com.br
3ª edição
ISBN ALUNO: 978-85-403-1486-3
ISBN PROFESSOR: 978-85-403-1487-0
Impresso no Brasil
M528d Melo, Maria de, 1962-
 Discovering english : 9º ano : ensino do fundamental/ Maria 
 de Melo. – 3. ed. – Recife : Ed. Construir, 2019.
 112p. il.
 1. INGLÊS – ENSINO FUNDAMENTAL. 2. INGLÊS
 – GRAMÁTICA – ENSINO FUNDAMENTAL. 3. INGLÊS
 – TESTES E EXERCÍCIOS – ENSINO FUNDAMENTAL.
 4. INGLÊS – GLOSSÁRIOS, VOCABULÁRIOS, ETC. I.
 Título.
 CDU 802.0 
 CDD 420
PeR – BPE 19-510
O conteúdo deste livro está adequado à proposta 
da BNCC, conforme a Resolução nº 2, de 22 de 
dezembro de 2017, do Ministério da Educação.
DIscoverin_English_9A_01.indd 2 31/08/2019 07:26:47
Apresentação
A coleção Discovering English, em cada volume, visa primordialmente ajudar o aluno 
no desempenho de uma função transdisciplinar no currículo, auxiliando no processo de 
reflexão sobre a realidade social, política e econômica, colaborando para a concepção 
do completo significado da cidadania. Boff complementa Liberali e diz: “O ser humano 
aprende, normalmente, na medida em que convive, relaciona-se e intercambia 
continuamente com os diferentes”.
Vamos projetar o conhecimento já possuído no conhecimento do novo, por isso a 
língua materna, ou seja, o nosso idioma português será bastante útil no momento de 
ensino e aprendizagem. Sabendo das dificuldades encontradas na realidade de ensino 
no Brasil, não seria válido colocar esta barreira, isto é, não usar o português como 
ferramenta auxiliar bastante importante.
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Contents
Unit 1 – Making the world a 
better place ............................. 5
Text 1 – How to keep a healthy diet ... 5
Text 2 – Types of food ........................ 6
Conversation ...................................... 7
Grammar section – Conjuctions ......... 8
Grammar section – 
Idiomatic expressions ......................... 14
Relaxing moment! – Simon says ........ 15
Unit 2 – Connected with the 
world ........................................ 16
Text 1 – The water we save!................ 16
Conversation ...................................... 17
Text 2 – Internet Slang ........................ 18
Grammar section – 
Idiomatic expressions II ...................... 22
Text 3 – Chilling with a friend .............. 27
Conversation ...................................... 28
Relaxing moment! – Creating your 
own slang ........................................... 29
Unit 3 – Respecting others .... 30
Text 1 – A case of racism ................... 30
Conversation ...................................... 32
Grammar section – 
Conditional sentences (Type 1) .......... 32
Text 2 – Getting a driver’s license....... 40
Relaxing moment! – 
Where? How? When? ......................... 42
Unit 4 – The advertising 
world ........................................ 43
Text 1 – God’s Cream ......................... 43
Grammar section – Question tag ....... 46
Grammar section – Holidays around 
the world ............................................. 52
Conversation ...................................... 54
Relaxing moment! – My imaginary 
friend ................................................... 54
Unit 5 – Music for the soul ..... 55
Text 1 – Elvis! ...................................... 55
Conversation ...................................... 57
Grammar section – Modal verbs ........ 58
Conversation ...................................... 66
Relaxing moment! – A research – 
Who is the...? ...................................... 67
Unit 6 – Movie time! ................ 68
Text 1 – Guardians of the Galaxy 
Vol. 2 ................................................... 68
Conversation ...................................... 70
Grammar section – 
The genitive case ................................ 71
Text 2 – What is a Meme? .................. 79
Conversation ...................................... 82
Extra text – The importance 
of English ............................................ 83
Relaxing moment! – 
The meme challenge .......................... 84
How much is it? .................................. 84
Unit 7 – Mini grammar ............ 85
Glossary .................................. 102
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Unit Making the world a 
better place1
Warm up
1. What do you know about healthy food?
2. What about healthy drinks?
3. Do you eat vegetables and fruits? 
4. Do you know anyone that is on a diet?
Text 1
How to keep a healthy diet
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Text 2
Types of food
Carbohydrate 
(carb)
Protein Vegetables 
(veggies)
Healthy 
drinks
Vocabulary
Healthy – saudável.
Bread – pão.
Rice – arroz.
Meat – carne.
Oral drills
Research in the dictionary the phonetic alphabet used in these words and practice with the 
teacher.
Milk Tea Fish
bread meat
milk
potatoes
rice fish coconut water
apples
carrots
corn egg tealettuce
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Milk Tea Fish
Text comprehension
1. According to the text 2, write correct or incorrect:
a. Coconut water, tea and milk are healthy drinks – 
b. Fish is a protein – 
c. Meat and bread are carbohydrates – 
d. Any kind of tea probably be healthy – 
e. Carbohydrates are not healthy – 
a. Juices
b. Fish
c. Oranges
d. Potatoes
e. Bananas
f. Strawberries
g. Carrots
h. Grapes
i. Steaks
j. Milk
1 for fruits
2 for vegetables
3 for drinks
4 for protein
2. Write:
Conversation
Saving our Planet! 
Tina, Bob and Jon are friends, and they 
are talking about the problems we have in our 
planet.
Bob: — Jon and Tina, my friends, did 
you see the news yesterday about the rain?
Jon: — Yes, Bob. I became worried 
about it, the rain was very strange because 
there was wind and it was very strong.
Tina: — Yes, some trees fell down and 
some houses were invaded by the water.
Jon: — Our planet is being hurt by 
human action, and the rain comes and 
proves to mankind: the nature can be cruel. 
We need to protect the Planet.
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Bob: — That’s it! There are many ways to protect the Planet. For example: don’t litterthe streets, keep the house clean, save water, don’t smoke, don’t throw batteries away.
Tina: — You are completely right. It depends on us!
Grammar section
Conjunctions
Conjunção, como a própria etimologia do termo indica (junção = ligação), é uma 
palavra que liga duas orações ou dois termos semelhantes da mesma oração.
Em vez de subdividir as conjunções em adversativas, concessivas, conclusivas, etc., 
como fazemos em português, preferimos adotar aqui uma classificação mais pragmática, 
baseada no Dictionary of American English, da editora Longman. As conjunções são 
divididas em quatro grupos: o grupo and, o grupo it, o grupo because e grupo so.
Note
Grupo and (e)
Em vez de dizer:
When Tom went to the bookstores, he 
bought a notebook and several pens.
Quando Ton foi à livraria, ele comprou 
um caderno e várias canetas.
Ou
Susie and Daisy came to my birthday 
party.
Susie e Daisy vieram à minha festa de 
aniversário.
Podemos dizer:
When Tom went to the bookstore, he 
bought a notebook; he bought several 
pens as well. (também)
Susie came to my birthday party; Daisy 
came as well.
When Tom went to the bookstore, he 
bought a notebook as well as (bem como) 
several pens.
Susie, as well as Daisy, came to my 
birthday party.
When Tom went to the bookstore, he 
bought a notebook; he also (também) 
bought several pens.
Susie came to my birthday party. Daisy 
also came.
Not only did Tom buy a notebook, he 
also bought several pens.
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Ao usarmos although/even though 
e despite the fact/in spite of the fact, 
podemos colocá-los no início ou no 
meio da frase:
Although/Even though my mattress 
isn’t very soft, it’s comfortable.
My mattress is comfortable, although/
even tough it’s not very soft.
Despite the fact that our players did 
their best, they lost the game.
Our players lost the game, despite 
the fact that they did their best.
As conjunções nevertheless/none-
theless (não obstante) e still (ainda ou 
mesmo assim) também se enquadram 
neste grupo.
My mattress isn’t very soft; nevertheless, 
it’s comfortable.
Our players did their best; still, they 
lost the game.
Note
Grupo but (mas)
Em vez de dizer:
My mattress isn’t very soft, but it’s 
comfortable.
Meu colchão não é muito macio, mas é 
confortável.
Ou
Our players did their best, but they lost 
the match.
Nossos jogadores fizeram o melhor que 
puderam, mas perderam o jogo.
Podemos dizer:
My mattress isn’t very soft; yet (no 
entanto, todavia), it’s comfortable.
Our players did their best; yet, they lost 
the match.
My mattress isn’t very soft; however 
(porém, entretanto), it’s comfortable.
Our players did their best. However, 
they lost the match.
Although/Even though (embora/muito 
embora) my mattress isn’t very soft, it’s 
comfortable.
Not only Susie but also Daisy came to 
my birthday party.
Besides (Além de) buying a notebook, 
Tom bought several pens. 
Many ( A lot of) of my friends came to my 
birthday party, besides Susie and Daisy.
In addition (Além de) to buying a 
notebook, Tom bought several pens.
Many (A lot of) of my friends came to my 
birthday party, in addition to Susie and Daisy.
Although/Even though our players did 
their best, they lost the match.
Despite the fact/In spite of the fact (a 
despeito de/apesar de) that my mattress 
isn’t very soft, it’s comfortable.
Despite/In spite of losing the game, our 
players did their best.
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He failed the test owing to his lack of 
interest.
Ele fracassou na prova devido à sua 
falta de interesse.
Millions of people have died from Aids.
Milhões de pessoas morreram de Aids.
O grupo because 
(porque)
A conjunções deste grupo respondem 
à pergunta why (por que) ou explicam a 
causa de algo. Vejamos:
He was late because he missed the bus.
Ele se atrasou porque perdeu o ônibus. 
As / Since I wasn’t thirsty, I didn’t drink 
anything.
Já que / Uma vez que eu não estava 
com sede, não bebi nada.
We cancelled our trip on account of the 
rain.
Cancelamos nossa viagem por causa 
da chuva.
The patient was saved due to the 
doctor’s prompt action.
O paciente foi salvo devido à pronta 
ação do médico.
He only said that to / in order to fool me.
Ele só disse isso para / a fim de me 
enganar.
I put on a heavy woolen sweater so that 
I wouldn’t feel cold. 
Ou
I put on heavy woolen sweater, so as not 
to feel cold.
Vesti uma grossa blusa de lã, para não 
sentir frio.
A oração iniciada por because, so 
that / so as e in order to pode vir no 
início ou no final do período:
He got a low mark because he didn’t 
study.
Because he didn’t study, he got a 
low mark.
Ele tirou nota baixa porque não 
estudou / Porque ele não estudou, tirou 
nota baixa.
Note
O grupo so (assim, 
portanto, por isso)
As conjunções deste grupo expressam 
o que acontece em razão de alguma coisa.
Mary felt tired and sleepy, so she went 
to bed.
Mary felt tired and sleepy, that’s why 
she went to bed.
Maria sentia-se cansada e com sono, 
assim / portanto / por isso ela foi deitar.
That’s why é um termo mais informal (e 
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Em algumas gramáticas inglesas, 
palavras e/ou expressões como 
however, nevertheless, therefore, 
moreover, likewise, furthermore, 
consequently, etc. são classifica-
dos como conjunctive adverbs, e 
por isso podem ser usados no início 
ou no meio de uma oração.
Note
muito usado) para expressar o motivo pelo qual alguma coisa ocorre — no presente, 
passado ou futuro. 
Outras conjunções mais formais (e, por isso mesmo, mais usadas na linguagem escrita) 
são therefore (portanto), thus (assim), consequently (por conseguinte) e hence (daí).
A definitive cure for cancer hasn’t been found yet; therefore, research work will go on.
Uma cura definitiva para o câncer ainda não foi encontrada; portanto, o trabalho de 
pesquisa irá continuar.
The company’s profits have fallen; thus, it cannot raise the salaries of its employees.
Os lucros da empresa diminuíram; assim, ela não tem como aumentar os salários de 
seus empregados.
I have no interest in astrology; consequently / hence, I don’t know much about it.
Não tenho interesse em astrologia, consequentemente / daí, não sei muita coisa sobre isso.
Além dessas conjunções que acabamos de mencionar, existem outras que não se 
enquadram em nenhum dos grupos acima. Entre elas, salientamos as mais usadas:
either ... or ou ... ou
neither ... nor nem ... nem
both ... and tanto ... como
except/ except for exceto, com exceção de 
if / whether se
provided / as long as contanto que
unless a não ser que
whereas / while ao passo que, enquanto
then então
otherwise do contrário, caso contrário
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Let’s practice
1. Complete the sentences using the following conjunctions: but, although, even though, 
despite, in spite of, as well as, besides, in addiction to, because, so / so that / that’s why, 
however, nevertheless, unless.
2. Write these sentences in English:
a. Peter vai comprar aquela casa, embora o preço seja muito alto.
b. Já que você não quer bolo, então coma um pedaço de torta.
c. Estudei muito para a prova; no entanto tirei apenas um cinco.
d. Prometo ajudar você amanhã, contanto que eu não esteja muito ocupado.
e. Susan ganhou uma bicicleta, por isso é que ela está tão contente.
a. Paul has a sore throat, he can hardly speak.
b. English, Tom speaks Portuguese and Chinese fluently.
c. The sun didn’t shine all day, it was very warm.
d. I’m sorry I can’t go; , thank you for inviting me.
e. Paul looks sad; it must be his mother is very ill.
f. We are going to play soccer this afternoon, it rains.
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3. Here, you will need a dictionary.
Now, you are going to make a short 
infographic text.
Here, there are some information, statistics, 
clues.
Sentences with polite commands.
Say
Sentences with orders; be polite.
Don’t say
Choose the sentences to put them in the appropriate side of box.
Don’t say Say 
— I want 
a hot 
dog.
— Send me the 
tests.
— Leave me alone.
— Tell me when 
you’re available.
— You’re wrong.
— That’s a bad 
idea.
— Your work isn’t 
good.
— I don’t like 
the colors in this 
design.
— I’d like a hot 
dog.
— Could you 
send me the 
tests?
— Could you give 
me a minute?
— Let me 
know when 
you’re 
available.
— I think 
you might be 
mistaken.
— I’m not so 
sure that’s a 
good idea. — I’m not quite 
satisfied with this 
work.
— I’m not too 
fond of the 
colors in this 
design.
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4. Match the columns.
a However
b In spite of
c Unless
d Because
e So
 Porque
 Contudo
 A despeito de
 A menos que
 Então
a. S E B E S D I – 
b. T B U – 
c. S L E N S U – 
d. E H O W R E V – 
e. T E S D E P I – 
5. Unscramble the letters and form the words.
Grammar section
Idiomatic expressions
Here, there are some idiomatic expressions 
with the word planet.
Let’s see them:
What planet is she living on?
Em que planeta ela está vivendo?
He thinks being a father is easy. What 
planet is he on? 
Ele acha que ser pai é fácil. Em que 
planeta ele mora?
Expressões usadas para se dizer que as 
ideias de alguém não estão de acordo com 
a realidade ou não são práticas.
Holy day X Holiday
Holy: significa santo, sagrado.
Portanto, holy day significa dia santo. 
Holy 
Communion
Sagrada 
Comunhão
Holy Father Santo Papa
Holy Spirit Espírito Santo
Holy Week Semana Santa
Holiday significa feriado em decorrência 
de um dia santo ou data cívica. Também 
pode significar férias no inglês britâni-
co. No inglês norte-americano, a palavra 
usada para férias é vacation.
Did you know?
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Relaxing moment!
Simon Says
Para exercitar nosso conhecimento, iremos nos divertir 
com esse jogo que envolve 3 jogadores ou mais. Em 
grupo, vocês devem executar apenas as ordens instruídas, 
por exemplo: Simon says: touch your toes (vocês devem 
tocar os dedos dos pés). Após a instrução, vocês devem 
executar os comandos até que o jogador responsável 
diga Simon says novamente. O vencedor será aquele que 
conseguir obedecer a todas as instruções corretamente.
O jogo pode ser sobre 
body parts, classroom 
objects, animals, actions, 
etc.
Note
Body parts
Touch your knees/toe/feet/left foot/left arm/right foot/right arm/left eye/left ear/
right eye/right ear, etc.
Classroom objects
Touch a red pencil/an eraser/a yellow book/a blue pen/a pencil sharpener/a green 
pencil sharpener/a white paper/the floor/the teacher’s table/your desk/a friend/
something brown/red/purple, etc.
Actions
Eat/swim/fly/run/walk/dance/drive/ride a horse/drink/write/jump/cook/read, etc.
Animals
Mime a dog/cat/mouse/tiger/horse/pig/flamingo/chicken/bird/lion/turtle/rabbit/wolf/an 
eagle/an elephant, etc.
Sugestões
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Unit Connected with the 
world 2
Warm up
1. Do you know anything about water?
2. Do you save water?
3. Which measures would you take into account to solve the scarcity and waste of 
water problem?
4. Do you know the importance of saving water?
The water we save!
Water is a source of life. No matter 
who we are, what we do, where we live, 
we depend on it to live. However, great 
as it is the importance of water, people 
continue polluting rivers and water sources, 
forgetting how much it is essential to our 
lives. We use water for drinking, preparing 
meals, irrigation, etc.
There are several types of water depending 
on the elements it contains. Some are ideal 
for consumption, while some are harmful to 
our health.
Here are some examples:
 Drinking water.
 Polluted water.
 Fresh water.
 Salt water.
 Distilled water.
Text 1
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There are some projects whose goals is 
to take care of water quality and distribution 
around the world, for example: Care4Water, 
Water.org, The Water Project, etc.
Therefore, it’s very important to save 
water. By doing this we are helping each 
other and taking care of the Earth for the 
next generations.
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Vocabulary
Source – fonte.
Matter – problema, assunto. 
However – contudo.
Meals – refeições.
Several – vários(as).
Consumption – consume.
Harmful – prejudicial.
Salt – sal.
Distilled – destilado(a).
1. According to the text, write correct or incorrect:
2. Write from the text:
a. Water is not necessary in our lives – 
b. Any kind of water is harmful – 
c. Some kinds of water are good for consumption – 
a. Two regular verbs – 
b. Two adjectives – 
c. Two prepositions – 
d. Two nouns – 
Text comprehension
Conversation
Pete, Tom, Sally and Mary are talking about the water, the Planet and the necessity of 
saving water.
Pete: — We should talk with the other students.
Tom: — Yes, and we should make banners about social consciousness and distribute 
then at school and near it.
Sally: — What about using the Internet? It’s very known and we can show our project 
of saving water.
Mary: — I agree with your ideas and suggestions. Let’s do it!
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Oral drills
Research in the dictionary the phonetic 
alphabet used in these words and prac-
tice with the teacher.
Types
While
Health
Warm up
1. How often do you access the 
Internet?
2. Do you use Internet slang in your 
virtual conversations?
3. Which slang is your favorite?
Text 2
Internet slang
To communicate with each other in a faster way, people who access the Internet 
frequently use a couple of words and abbreviations known as Internet slang. Slang 
can refer, for example, to daily activities (BRB – be right back; 2nite – tonight; 2moro – 
tomorrow, etc.) or express emotional reactions (LOL – laughing out loud; OMG – oh my 
God; ROFL – rolling on the floor laughing, etc.).
In addition to the famous abbreviations, there are other slang expressions that make 
part of the “Internet vocabulary”. These are words whose meanings are very subjective 
and need context to be fully understood. Different from the language of the abbreviations, 
these other words express cultural aspects related to the people (millennials, most of the 
times) who create slang and make it so popular. 
Some people from older generations don’t use or like Internet slang. According to them, 
these words and abbreviations are bad for the writing and can be interpreted as signals of 
laziness. In other perspective, the Internet slang represents a cultural phenomenon that 
have a real impact on our social interactions. 
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Text comprehension
1. Answer the following questions according to the text:
a. Do we need to write using slang to be understood on the Internet?
c. Did Internet slang become famous because young people are lazy?
b. Can we say that Internet slang is only for the younger generations?
d. Do all people from older generations hate Internet slang?
e. Can we express our emotions using Internet slang? 
f. Does Internet slang cause a real impact on the modern social interactions?
2. Can you guess what are the most used Internet slang terms? Do a research, list some 
of them and add some important information like their meanings and their context.
Before learning more about English abbreviations and slang, remember that they are 
also used when exchanging mobile messages (SMS), WhatsApp and other online 
media. These are terms used informally. So if you’re writinga business e-mail, at-
tending an online meeting, or something more formal, avoid them. In fact, use them 
only if other people (bosses, managers, business partners) use them too. But, still, 
use sparingly.
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Here are some examples of abbreviations and slang used on the Internet:
10Q – thank you (obrigado)
143 – I love you (amo você, te amo)
2day – today (hoje)
2moro – tomorrow (amanhã)
2nite – tonight (hoje à noite)
2U2 – to you too (para você também)
4ever – forever (para sempre) [também pode ser 4eva]
4EAE – forever and ever (para todo o sempre)
511 – too much information (informação demais; coisa demais para minha 
cabeça)
AFAIC – as far as I’m concerned (até onde eu sei, até onde me diz respeito)
FAIK – as far as I know (tanto quanto eu sei)
AFK – away from the keyboard (longe do computador)
aight – all right (tudo bem, tudo certo, tudo ok)
AISB – as I said before (como eu disse antes)
ALW – ain’t life wonderful (a vida não é fantástica?)
AML – all my love (com todo meu amor)
ASAP – as soon as possible (assim que possível)
A/S/L – age, sex, location (idade, gênero e localização)
B2W – back to work (de volta ao trabalho)
B4 – before (antes)
B-day – birthday (aniversário)
BFF – best friend forever (melhores amigos para sempre)
BG – be good (fique bem! | comporte-se!)
BRB – be right back (volto já)
CU – see you! (Até mais!)
DIY – do it yourself (faça você mesmo)
DWBH – don’t worry, be happy (não esquenta e seja feliz)
FYEO – for your eyes only (só você pode ver)
FYI – for your information (para sua informação)
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GLHF – good luck, have fun (boa sorte e divirta-se)
GOMB – get off my back (sai de cima, dá um tempo, sai pra lá)
GR8 – great (ótimo, excelente, bom demais, da hora)
GTG – got to go (tenho que sair)
HAK – hugs and kisses (abraços e beijos)
HAND – have a nice day (tenha um bom dia)
IANAL – I’m not a lawyer (não sou advogado)
IDK – I don’t know (eu não sei, sei lá)
IMHO – in my honest opinion / in my humble opinion (na minha humilde opinião)
INCYDK – in case you didn’t know (caso você não saiba)
IU2U – it’s up to you (é contigo, depende de você, você decide)
IYKWIM – if you know what I mean (se é que você me entende)
J/K – just kidding (brincadeirinha! | tô brincando! | tô zoando!)
K ou KK – ok (legal, bacana, beleza, tá bom, ok)
L8R – later (depois, mais tarde » C U L8R = See you later = te vejo mais tarde)
LOL – laughing out loud (serve para indicar risadas)
Msg – message (mensagem)
NC – no comment (sem comentários)
OMG – oh, my God! (ai, meu Deus! | meu Deus do Céu!)
ORLY – oh, really? (sério? verdade? é mesmo?)
PLS ou PLZ – please (por favor)
PPL – people (pessoas)
PTB – please text back (favor responder)
PVT – private (privado, pessoal, particular)
ROFL – rolling on the floor laughing (tô me acabando de rir aqui)
SWYP – so, what’s your problem? (e então, qual seu problema?)
SSDD – same stuff, different day (tudo igual, só muda o dia)
THX – thanks! (obrigado!)
TIA – thanks in advance (te agradeço antecipadamente)
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DIscoverin_English_9A_01.indd 21 31/08/2019 07:26:53
Write
It’s your turn!
In modern times, social media have become a nice way to 
share great moments that are important for us. Sometimes a 
photo can speak for itself, but sometimes we feel the need to 
write some nice words to express how we feel. Now, imagine that 
you’re writing a WhatsApp message to your best friend on your 
notebook about a trip to your favorite place during the weekend. 
To be more similar to the Internet chat style, you can use slang 
related with the subject of the message. Remember: you can’t 
write a long message, so use slang at your favor!
Grammar section
 Speak of the devil (falar do diabo): 
significa que você está falando de alguém 
e está pessoa aparece naquela hora.
Example:
Hi, Peter! Speak of the devil, I was just 
telling Mel about your new house.
Oi, Peter! Falando do diabo, eu estava 
contando para Mel sobre sua casa nova.
 See eye to eye (concordar com alguém 
/ chegar a um acordo).
Example: 
They finally saw eye to eye on the 
business deal.
Eles finalmente chegaram a um acordo 
para o negócio.
 To cost an arm and a leg (algo muito 
caro, que custa os olhos da cara).
Example: 
Fuel, lately, costs an arm and a leg.
O combustível, ultimamente, custa os 
olhos da cara.
Idiomatic expressions (II)
 A piece of cake (algo muito fácil).
Example: 
The English test was a piece of cake.
A prova de inglês foi moleza.
 To kill two birds with one stone (resolver 
dois problemas ao mesmo tempo, matar 
dois coelhos com uma cajadada só.)
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DIscoverin_English_9A_01.indd 22 31/08/2019 07:26:53
Example:
By taking my dad to a trip on weekend, I 
killed two birds with one stone. I got to go 
away but also spend time with him.
Let’s practice
1. Make a research to know another idiomatic expressions and their translations and 
match the columns:
 Melhor um pássaro na mão do que 
dois voando.
 Só fala, nada faz.
 Está chovendo canivetes.
a It’s raining cats and dogs.
b A bird in the hand is worth two in the 
bush.
c All mouth and no trousers.
2. Make a research of three idiomatic expressions. You may see them on the Internet. 
Write them in English and translate them.
3. Can you write in Portuguese the following idiomatic expression?
Enough to cobble dogs with.
a.
b.
c.
Ao levar meu pai para uma viagem no 
fim de semana, matei dois coelhos numa 
cajadada só. Saí um pouco e também 
passei um tempo com ele.
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The cardinal and ordinal numbers
Cardinais Ordinais
1 One 1st First
2 Two 2nd Second
3 Three 3rd Third
4 Four 4th Fourth
5 Five 5th Fifth
6 Six 6th Sixth
7 Seven 7th Seventh
8 Eight 8th Eight
9 Nine 9th Ninth
10 Ten 10th Tenth
11 Eleven 11th Eleventh
12 Twelve 12th Twelfth
13 Thirteen 13th Thirteenth
14 Fourteen 14th Fourteenth
15 Fifteen 15th Fifteenth
16 Sixteen 16th Sixteenth
17 Seventeen 17th Seventeenth
18 Eighteen 18th Eighteenth
19 Nineteen 19th Nineteenth
20 Twenty 20th Twentieth
21 Twenty-one 21st Twenty-first
30 Thirty 30th Thirtieth
40 Forty 40th Fortieth
50 Fifty 50th Fiftieth 
60 Sixty 60th Sixtieth
70 Seventy 70th Seventieth
80 Eighty 80th Eightieth
90 Ninety 90th Ninetieth
100 A / one hundred 100th (One) hundredth
101 A / one hundred and one 101st (One) hundred and first
200 Two hundred 200th Two hundredth 
1,000 A / one thousand 1,000th (One) thousandth
1,345
A / one thousand three hundred 
and forty-five
1,345th
One thousand three 
hundred and forty-fifth
Do you remember?
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DIscoverin_English_9A_01.indd 24 31/08/2019 07:26:53
1,000,000 A / one million Millionth
1,000,000,000 A / one billion Billionth
1,000,000,000,000 A / one trillion Trillionth
Antigamente, em inglês britânico, a thousand million equivalia a 109 (um bilhão), a 
billion a 1012 (um trilhão), e a trillion a 1018 (um quatrilhão). Hoje em dia, é usada apenas a 
notação americana, conforme a lista acima.
Observe o uso de vírgulas para separar os milhares, onde, em português, se usaria 
ponto ou espaço.
As frações
a. Frações comuns
 Como em português, as frações são escritas com um numeral cardinal (ou às vezes a 
no lugar de one) + um numeral ordinal:
1/5 a / one fifth um quinto
3/8 three eights três oitavos
34/9 three and four ninths trinta e quatro nonos
1/2 a / one half meio
1/4 a quarter um quarto
3/4 three quarters três quartos
11/4 hours an / one hour and a quarter ou one and a quarter hours uma hora e quinze
Note que o -s é mantido quando as frações são usadas como adjetivos.
Exemplo:
They had a two-thirds majority.
Eles tiveram uma maioria de dois terços.
O uso de frações é bastante comum em 
inglês.
b. Os decimais
Enquanto nos outros países europeususa-se vírgula para os decimais, os falantes 
de inglês usam ponto: 
25.5 = twenty-five point five.
Os decimais são enumerados um a um 
depois do ponto:
25.552 = twenty-five point five five two. 
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Nought, zero, 0, nil
Inglês britânico
Nought e zero são usados para o 
representar o 0. Nos cálculos geralmente 
se usa nought:
Add another nought/zero to that 
number.
Acrescente outro zero a esse número.
0.6 = nought point six / zero point six.
zero vírgula/ponto seis.
 Em escalas, usa-se zero:
It’s freezing – it must be ten below zero.
Está congelando – deve estar uns dez 
abaixo de zero.
 Também se usa zero em inglês 
científico ou econômico, com o sentido de 
nothing (nada):
Given zero conductivity.
Dada a condutividade zero.
A country striving for zero inflation.
Um país lutando por uma inflação zero.
Production was soon reduced to zero/nil.
A produção foi logo reduzida a zero.
 Em números de telefone, o zero é 
normalmente pronunciado como a letra o, 
mas também se usa zero hoje em dia.
Nil é sempre usada para pontos ou 
marcações em jogos:
Arsenal won four nil/by four goals to nil 
(= 4-0).
O Arsenal ganhou de 4 a 0.
 Exceto tênis, em que se usa a palavra 
love:
Inglês americano
 Usa-se zero em quase todos os casos:
How many zeros are there in a billion?
Quantos zeros há em um bilhão?
My telephone number is 721002 (= seven 
two one zero zero two)
Chicago Cubs zero – Detroit Tigers six
Porém, no tênis, também se usa sempre 
love.
Números de telefone
Os números de telefone são lidos dígito 
a dígito:
1567 = one five six seven
40032 = four zero zero three two (Am, Br)
four double ‘o’ three two (Br)
Observe o uso de double em inglês 
britânico quando há dois algarismos 
idênticos em sequência. Porém, esse uso 
não é sistemático; também é possível 
repetir os dois algarismos.
Na escrita, os algarismos são normalmente 
agrupados em função dos diferentes códigos 
regionais. Na fala, faz-se uma pausa depois 
de cada grupo de algarismos: 
0141-221-5266 = ‘o’ one four one – 
double two one / two two one – five two 
double six / five two six six
Federer leads forty-love.
Federer lidera por quarenta-zero
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Endereços
Na América do Norte, os números de rua com quatro algarismos são lidos como datas, 
isto é, de dois em dois:
3445 Sherbrooke Street = thirty-four forty-five Sherbrooke Street (literalmente, trinta e 
quatro, quarenta e cinco)
Text 3
Chilling with a friend 
Mary and Patrick are friends. 
Mary: — Hey, dude! What’s up?
Patrick: — I’m just fine! What you gonna do tonight?
Mary: — I don’t know, man! I’m little bit pissed off at 
some stuff.
Patrick: Oh, what a pity! Would do like to have ice 
cream? I wanna show you my new crush. She works at 
the mall’s ice cream shop. Let me show you a pic of her. 
Mary: — That’s a good idea! Wow! She’s a real knockout!
Patrick: — Isn’t she? She’s also very street smart. 
Mary: — Cool, dude! Let’s go! 
Patrick: — All right, see you later.
Vocabulary
Dude – cara.
Wanna – quero. 
Crush – paquera; paixão platônica.
Pic – foto.
Wow – uau. 
Knockout – maravilhosa. 
Cool – legal. 
Oral drills
Stuff Shop
Pity Street
Research in the dictionary the phonetic alphabet used in these words and practice with 
the teacher.
Ra
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Conversation
What about having a cool way to talk not only on the Internet, but on your other social 
interactions too? Do a research and list some slang that you can use in a oral conversation 
with a friend. Try to exercise your chatting skills by having dialogues with your classmates.
Write
It’s your turn!
Imagine that you are a teacher and you are teaching how to write a short dictionary 
about some regular verbs.
Write three verbs with each initial letter.
A
Arrive – chegar
Ask – perguntar, pedir
Argue – discutir
D
B E
C F
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Creating your own slang
We all know how nice and funny is to 
know someone who understands the way 
we talk. When we use a famous slang on 
the apps and social media, we are making 
a modern kind of social interaction and 
sharing our cultural knowledge about the 
Internet with other people. But what if we 
can make up our own slangs and share 
with our close friends? 
Let’s create a slang based on something 
that came from your personal experiences 
with your classmates. To do that, you can 
abbreviate a uncommon word or create 
a word whose meaning is related to 
something you like.
Did you know?
In the U.S., you will find a coffeemaker 
in the room and an ice maker on your floor. 
In the U.K. there will be a kettle in the room 
for making tea.
Relaxing moment!
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Unit
Respecting others3
Warm up
1. Do you know the most common 
types of prejudice in Brazil?
2. Have you ever witnessed any 
prejudice?
3. Have you ever been or consider 
yourself prejudiced?
Text 1
A case of racism
A race row has broken out in Russian 
football after a banana was thrown at 
Congolese player Christopher Samba. It 
happened at the end of a game between 
Locomotiv Moscou and Anzhi Makhachkala. 
Both clubs are now arguing over which set 
of fans were to blame.
Christopher Samba had a banana landed 
at his feet after the match. The player tossed 
it back into the crowd, for which it’s been 
suggested he could face disciplinary action.
Locomotiv fans have been seen racially 
abusing a player before.
Fonte: BBC World Service
Christopher Samba.
Vocabulary
Row – briga, discussão.
Thrown – arremessado, jogado.
Arguing – brigando, discutindo. 
Blame – culpar.
Landed – caída.
Tossed – jogou, atirou.
Crowd – público.
Fans – torcedores.
Abusing – insultando, abusando.
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DIscoverin_English_9A_02.indd 30 31/08/2019 07:32:53
Oral drills
Row Crowd
Both Racially
Research in the dictionary the phonetic alphabet used in these words and practice with 
the teacher.
Text comprehension
a. The player was abused because he was poor. – 
b. Christopher Samba was insulted because of his skin color. – 
c. The fans threw a knife in Christopher because he didn’t score in that game. – 
d. Christopher ate the banana and tossed it only half of it. – 
e. The player was accused of action disciplinary. – 
1. According to the text A case of racism, write correct or incorrect.
2. Match the columns.
 Argue
 After
 Had
 Now
 Race
 Russian
a Noun
b Adjective
c Irregular verb
d Regular verb
e Preposition
f Adverb
3. Circle the correct translation of each word below:
a. happened (inaugurou / aconteceu)
b. both (bobos / ambos)
c. feet (fatos / pés)
d. match (massagem / jogo)
e. which (qual / bruxa)
4. Which was the prejudice addressed in the text?
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5. Write two other examples of prejudice that you know:
Conversation
Robert and Sullivan are friends at work. 
They are in the office talking about prejudices 
in general. 
Robert: — Hey, friend, how do you feel 
about racism?
Sullivan: — Brother, being so sincere, I 
feel very bad. I think the color of the skin is 
not the most important thing of the world!
Robert: — I remember when I was ten 
years old at school, there was something 
with me and the Math teacher. I felt he was 
being racist with me. I felt sometimes very 
ashamed with his attitudes.
Sullivan: — We should have more 
support from the governement, like new 
laws and campaigns against racism. All 
these prejudices hasto stop! 
Grammar section
Conditional sentences (Type 1)
The possibilities
Vamos agora analisar a conjunção se, que inserida em uma oração atribui sentido 
de condição. Por exemplo: “Se eu ganhasse na loteria”, “se eu tivesse pensado”, “se 
ele estudar”, etc.
 Existem, basicamente, três tipos de oração condicional, tanto em português como em inglês.
Observe que, em português, as orações subordinadas condicionais contêm sempre 
um subjuntivo.
Se Paulo estudar, ele passará. (futuro do subjuntivo)
Se Paulo estudasse, ele passaria. (imperfeito do subjuntivo)
Se Paulo tivesse estudado, ele teria passado. (mais-que-perfeito do subjuntivo)
W
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Em inglês, porém, já sabemos que não há forma específica para o subjuntivo. Para 
expressá-lo, usamos tempos verbais do indicativo. Vejamos as equivalências.
Português – subjuntivo Inglês – indicativo
Presente Infinitive / simple present / simple future
Futuro Simple present
Pretérito imperfeito Infinitive / simple past / conditional
Pretérito perfeito Simple past
Pretérito mais-que-perfeito Past perfect
Para não ficarmos presos às “decorebas” de equivalência português–inglês, vamos estudar 
os três tipos de oração condicional, verificando as circunstâncias em que são usados.
Lembre-se de que estamos trabalhando com períodos compostos, constituídos 
por uma oração principal (main clause) e uma oração dependente, no caso, oração 
subordinada condicional (conditional clause). Observe os tempos verbais empregados 
em cada uma delas.
1. Referindo-se a uma condição possível, real ou a algo que inevitavelmente acontece 
ou acontecerá (present/future possible).
Conditional clause Main clause
Simple present Simple present
If you press the button, 
Se você aperta(r) o botão,
you turn the radio off.
você desliga o radio.
If you touch the car,
Se você tocar no carro,
the alarm goes off.
o alarme dispara.
Simple present Simple Future
If Paul studies,
Se o Paul estudar,
he will pass.
ele passará.
If you don’t keep quiet,
Se você não ficar quieto,
the teacher will be angry.
a professora ficará zangada.
If he wants to pass,
Se ele quer passar,
he has to study.
ele tem que estudar.
If she takes a taxi,
Se ela pegar um táxi,
she’ll get there in time.
ela chegará lá a tempo.
If we invite Jane,
Se convidarmos Jane,
she’ll go.
ela irá.
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2. Referindo-se a uma condição 
hipotética, possível, mas pouco provável 
(present unreal). Nesse caso, para que 
determinada situação ocorra, é necessário 
que a condição se realize. Observe:
The weather is not nice. (present)
O tempo não está bom.
Susan will not go to the beach. (future)
Susan não irá à praia.
If the weather were (was) nice, Susan 
would go to the beach.
Se o tempo estivesse bom, Susan iria à 
praia.
Conditional clause Main clause
Simple past Would + infinitive (sem to)
If I were you,
Se eu fosse você,
I would go.
eu iria.
If I won the lottery,
Se eu ganhasse na loteria,
I would buy a farm.
eu compraria uma fazenda.
Simple past Could + infinitve (sem to)
If I had a driver’s license, 
Se eu tivesse carteira de motorista,
I could go by car.
eu poderia ir de carro.
If I spoke Russian,
Se eu falasse russo,
I could talk with him.
eu poderia falar com ele.
Observações:
Nas orações condicionais usamos were para todas as pessoas do singular e do plural.
Convém salientar, entretanto, que, na linguagem mais informal, já está sendo aceito o 
uso de was, em vez de were, na 1ª e 3ª pessoa.
If I was in your place, I would act differently.
Se eu estivesse em seu lugar, agiria de maneira diferente.
If he wasn’t so arrogant, I’d forgive him.
Se ele não fosse tão arrogante, eu o perdoaria.
De modo geral, neste caso de condicional, usamos would na oração principal. Porém, 
é possível aparecerem situações com could para expressar possibilidade, capacidade:
If Maria spoke English better, she could be a bilingual secretary.
Se Maria falasse inglês melhor, poderia ser uma secretária bilíngue.
I don’t have money. (present)
Eu não tenho dinheiro.
I won’t buy a car. (future)
Eu não comprarei um carro.
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If she were angry, she’d refuse to speak 
to you.
Se ela estivesse zangada, ela se recusaria 
a falar com você.
If they had time, they’d practice more 
sports.
Se eles/elas tivessem tempo, praticariam 
mais esportes.
3. Referindo-se a uma condição não realizada no passado, isto é, algo teria acontecido 
se um fato anterior não tivesse ocorrido.
Observe:
We didn’t invite Jane. (past)
Nós não convidamos Jane.
She didn’t go to the party. (past)
Ela não foi à festa.
If we had invited Jane, she’d have gone to the party.
Se tivéssemos convidado Jane, ela teria ido à festa.
It wasn’t sunny yesterday. (past)
O dia não estava ensolarado ontem.
They didn’t go to the beach. (past)
Eles não foram à praia.
If it had been sunny yesterday, they’d have gone to the beach.
Se o dia estivesse ensolarado ontem, eles teriam ido à praia.
Conditional clause Main clause
Past perfect Would have + particípio
If I had had time, 
Se eu tivesse tido tempo,
I would have studied.
eu teria estudado.
If she had felt well,
Se ela tivesse se sentido bem,
she would have gone to school.
ela teria ido à escola.
Past perfect Could have + particípio
If they had arrived on time, 
Se eles tivessem chegado na hora,
they could have caught the bus.
poderiam ter pego o ônibus.
If she had felt well,
Se ela tivesse se sentido bem,
she could have done the test.
ela poderia ter feito a prova.
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DIscoverin_English_9A_02.indd 35 31/08/2019 07:32:54
If he had driven more carefully, he could have avoided the accident.
Se ele tivesse dirigido com mais cuidado, poderia ter evitado o acidente.
If I hadn’t said that, he wouldn’t have been so angry.
Se eu não tivesse dito aquilo, ele não teria ficado tão zangado.
If she had asked, she would have known the truth.
Se ela tivesse perguntado, ela teria sabido a verdade.
Observações:
A ordem das orações não altera nem o sentido nem a sequência dos tempos verbais. 
Quando a oração condicional aparece em primeiro lugar, usamos vírgulas para separá-las da 
oração principal.
If Paul studied, he would pass.
Paul would pass if he studied.
If we invite Jane, she will go.
Jane will go if we invite her.
O fato de o verbo estar na forma negative ou interrogative também não afeta a sequência. 
If Paul doesn’t study, he won’t pass.
Se Paul não estudar, ele não passará.
If it weren’t for me, they wouldn’t come.
Se não fosse por mim, eles não viriam.
I would have gone if you hadn’t warned me.
Eu teria ido se você não tivesse me avisado (prevenido).
Won’t you be happy if your team wins?
Você não ficará contente se seu time ganhar?
Al
ex
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36 thirty-six
DIscoverin_English_9A_02.indd 36 31/08/2019 07:32:54
Existem orações condicionais que não se 
encaixam em nenhum dos três tipos apre-
sentados, mas nem por isso lhe trarão pro-
blemas, pois o inglês corresponde exata-
mente ao português, levando-se em conta 
o que já dissemos sobre a não existência de 
uma forma específica para expressar o sub-
juntivo em inglês.
 Usando progressive tense
If it weren’t raining now, I would go for 
a walk.
Se não estivesse chovendo agora, eu 
iria dar uma caminhada.
If it hadn’t been raining yesterday, I 
would have gone for a walk.
Se não estivesse chovendo ontem, eu 
teria ido dar uma caminhada.
 Usando modals (can, could, must, 
might) 
If you want to, you can go.
Se você quiser, pode ir.
If I were a bird, I could fly very high.
Se eu fosse um pássaro, eu poderia 
voar bem alto.
If Peter lied, he must be punished. 
Se o Peter mentiu, ele deve sercastigado.
If you had studied, you might have got 
better grades.
Se você tivesse estudado, poderia ter 
tirado notas melhores.
 Usando imperativo
If you like the book, take it.
Se você gosta do livro, leve-o.
If you are so clever, do the same thing.
Se você é tão esperto, faça a mesma coisa.
If you don’t believe me, go and ask her.
Se você não acredita em mim, vá per-
guntar a ela.
Há casos em que a condição é im-
plícita, não aparecendo a conjunção if. 
Geralmente, trata-se de uma oração ad-
versativa, em que usamos conjunções 
como: but (mas), however (porém, en-
tretanto), etc.
I would lend the money, but right now I 
don’t have it.
Eu lhe emprestaria o dinheiro, mas, no 
momento, não tenho.
If I had the money, I would lend it to you.
Se eu tivesse o dinheiro, eu lhe 
emprestaria.
We would love to stay longer, but it’s 
getting late.
Adoraríamos permanecer mais tempo, 
mas está ficando tarde.
I would have gone with you, but I had to 
work.
Eu teria ido com você, mas tinha que 
trabalhar.
I would have gone with you if I hadn’t 
had to work.
Eu teria ido com você se não tivesse 
tido que trabalhar.
Se
ve
nt
yF
ou
r/
Sh
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.c
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37thirty-seven
DIscoverin_English_9A_02.indd 37 31/08/2019 07:32:54
Além da conjunção if, podemos usar 
também:
 unless (a não ser que)
The Stones will come to dinner unless 
Mr Stone has other plans.
Os Stones virão para o jantar, a não ser 
que o Sr. Stone tenha outros planos.
Susan won’t come unless you invite her.
A Susan não virá, a não ser que você a 
convide.
 whether or not (quer… ou não)
Susan will come whether or not you 
invite her.
Susan virá, quer você a convide ou não.
I’ll go swimming whether or not it rains.
Eu irei (vou) nadar, quer chova ou não.
Let’s practice
1. Complete the sentences with the correct tense of the verbs in parentheses:
a. If I see Mary, I (give) her your message.
b. If Peter (not hurry) he’ll be late for the English class.
c. If I (be) you, I wouldn’t buy that car. 
d. Would you be surprised if Paul (win) the contest?
e. If Maria isn’t busy, she (be) glad to help you.
2. Write correct or incorrect after each conditional sentence.
a. What would you do if you finds 200 dollars on the street? – 
b. You will meet Paul if you stay here – 
c. I’ll be at home if the bus passed here – 
d. Tom will not pass if doesn’t study more – 
e. Brad wouldn’t travel if he didn’t have enough money – 
M
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av
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38 thirty-eight
DIscoverin_English_9A_02.indd 38 31/08/2019 07:32:54
3. Write the following sentences in English.
a. Se o meu pai estivesse aqui, ele poderia nos ajudar.
b. Se este produto fosse melhor, mais pessoas o comprariam.
c. Se você for à Espanha, pretende ver alguma tourada?
d. Se eu não tiver que estudar, irei ao cinema com você.
e. Se eles tivessem visto o professor de inglês, teriam falado com ele.
4. Combine the sentences and match the columns:
 if I have money.
 he will be healthier.
 you should be more economic.
 I won’t go out.
 if I see you tonight.
a If it rains tonight,
b If you will buy a new car,
c I would be happy
d If he buys fruits,
e I will pay the bill
M
on
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y 
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si
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ss
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ag
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39thirty-nine
DIscoverin_English_9A_02.indd 39 31/08/2019 07:32:55
Text 2
Warm up
1. Do you like to travel by car?
2. Do your parents know how to drive?
3. Do you think about getting a driver’s 
license when you have the proper age?
4. Do you know what are the basics 
requirements needed to get a driver’s 
license?
Getting a driver’s license
Hello there! My name is David and I’m learning how to drive. I live in Brazil and here, 
according the law, the minimum age required to get a driver’s license is eighteen years 
old. To get my driver’s license, I’ll answer some theoretical questions and also have a 
practical test. Before the exams, I need to study very hard and learn not only how to pilot 
a car, but also the traffic regulations and the meaning of all road signs. 
A driver’s license is a very important thing to have when we became adults. In case of 
a health emergency, for example, we can take our parents to the hospital safely. For now, 
having a car is a distant dream to me, but if I pass the exams and get my license, my 
father told me that I could use his car to go to college. I’m really excited about it!
Text comprehension
1. According to the informations that you learned from the text, write correct or incorrect.
a. Besides the practical skills, David also needs to study a lot of theory about road signs 
and traffic regulations.
b. To get a driver’s license in Brazil, we can choose either to answer theoretical questions 
or to make a practical test.
pi
xe
lh
ea
dp
ho
to
 d
ig
ita
ls
ki
lle
t/
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ut
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40 forty
DIscoverin_English_9A_02.indd 40 31/08/2019 07:32:55
Write
It’s your turn!
Think of one kind of prejudice and write a paragraph about it. Remember to suggest 
solutions that can end the prejudice that you chose.
Did you know?
English is the second most language spoken and the most used in international 
relations and trade in the world.
By learning how to speak in English, we can increase our social skills and reach a lot of 
upgrades in our professional career.
c. In Brazil, people can only get a driver’s license when they have eighteen years old or less.
d. When David gets his license, his father will give him a car.
e. With a driver’s license we can not only have fun, but also make very important things 
like help people in case of a health emergency.
41forty-one
DIscoverin_English_9A_02.indd 41 31/08/2019 07:32:55
Relaxing moment!
Where? How? When?
 Alunos em 2 grupos.
Sentence How? When? Where?
O professor irá desenhar a grade-modelo no qua-
dro, e a turma irá se dividir em 2 grupos. Depois disso, 
deverá ser escrita uma frase por vez na grade, por 
exemplo: the girl talks. A partir daí, um aluno de cada 
grupo responderá às perguntas para que as frases se 
completem. 
Pontuação: +1 ponto por respostas corretas.
Exemplo:
Teacher Student
How? The girl talks happily.
Where? The girl talks in the kitchen.
When? The girl talked yesterday.
The girl talks.
The bird sings.
The students learn.
The teacher teaches.
The policeman walks.
The ballerina dances.
The monkey jumps.
Grandpa thinks.
Dad cooks.
My brother swims.
Sugestões
42 forty-two
DIscoverin_English_9A_02.indd 42 31/08/2019 07:32:55
Unit
The advertising world4
Warm up
1. Do you know the power of an 
advertising campaign? 
2. Which advertisement do you enjoy 
more at this moment?
3. Is there any advertisement that you 
don’t like? Why?
4. In our opinion, which countries are 
the best in making these kinds of 
campaigns? 
God’s Cream
God’s Cream was created in 1993. 
Today, there are twenty stores in the state 
of California. If you go to God’s Cream, you 
will certainly find about twenty flavors. All 
of them are made of fruits. There are some 
flavors that are the preferred ones. They are: 
grape, strawberry, mango ad pineapple.
There is the most curious and loved 
one: the avocado ice cream. People love 
it. The prices are not expensive and they 
accept cash and credit cards. These ice 
cream parlors are very famous not only 
for ice creams, but also for their buildings. 
The decorations are very beautiful and 
modern.
In the weekends, people go and buy the 
ice creams and have a good time with their 
friends or relatives.
Vocabulary
Stores – lojas.
Flavors – sabores.
Ice cream parlors – sorveterias.
Buildings – prédios.
Taste – sabor.
Relatives – parentes.
Text 1
GOD’S CREAMGOD’S CREAM
Made of fruit
43forty-three
DIscoverin_English_9A_02.indd 43 31/08/2019 07:32:55
Oral drills
Research in the dictionary the phonetic alphabet used in these words and practice with 
the teacher.
God Flavors
Text comprehension
1. According to thetext, write correct or incorrect.
a. God’s cream is a store that sells fresh fruit – 
b. There are about thirty stores only in Fortaleza – 
c. Banana and chocolate are the preferred flavors at God’s Cream – 
d. Avocado is the most expensive flavor in the store – 
e. The buildings and the parlors are modern – 
2. Match the columns.
 have a good time.
 are very modern.
 is one of the most delicious flavors.
 God’s Cream was created.
 are not expensive.
a In 1993
b Mango
c The prices
d People
e The parlors
3. Now, answer about your preferences:
a. Do you like ice cream?
b. Which flavor do you like most?
44 forty-four
DIscoverin_English_9A_02.indd 44 31/08/2019 07:32:55
God Flavors
c. Are there good ice cream parlors near your house?
d. Do you think ice cream is the best dessert?
4. Match the concepts listed on the box with the following words: 
a. Cream – 
b. About – 
c. Curious – 
Verb – Noun – Adjective – Preposition – Adverb
d. Accept – 
e. Today – 
5. Look at the pictures below and write sentences about them. Use the words: delicious, 
big, fruit, expensive, sour, sweet.
Be
at
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 V
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45forty-five
DIscoverin_English_9A_02.indd 45 31/08/2019 07:32:55
Grammar section
Write
It’s your turn!
Look at the pictures below, choose one product and write in your notebook an 
advertisement about it. Use the words suggested on the box.
cheap – delicious – modern – useful – big – elegant – fashion – blue – 
grey – black – small – thin – black
Question tag
A question tag is a short question (example : isn’t it?, haven’t we?) that we can add 
at the end of a statement:
Henry: — We’ve met before, haven’t we?
Jeff: — Yes, we have.
So
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46 forty-six
DIscoverin_English_9A_02.indd 46 31/08/2019 07:32:56
Look at this part of a conversation:
Anna: — Sandra is Swiss.
David: — No, she’s French, isn’t she? (= I thought she was French, but am I wrong?)
When tag questions really are questions, like David’s question, the voice goes up at 
the end. But when tag questions are not really questions, the voice goes down at the end:
That was a boring show, wasn’t it? (= I think that was a boring show.) 
Note that the verb we use in the tag depends on the verb used in the statement:
VERB + TAG
be: You’re French, aren’t you? 
verb: He plays golf, doesn’t he? 
auxiliary verb: It has arrived, hasn’t it?
Thus, most verbs use do/does, while be and auxiliary verbs use the same verb in the 
question tag.
A positive statement has a negative tag:
POSITIVE + NEGATIVE
I’m right, + aren’t I?(NOT am’t I?)
You’re 18, + aren’t you?
They’re getting tired, + aren’t they?
They were friendly, + weren’t they? 
He lives in France, + doesn’t he?
You speak Spanish, + don’t you?
You passed your exams, + didn’t you?
She has left, + hasn’t she?
You can drive, + can’t you?
The bus will come soon, + won’t it?
Eb
tik
ar
/S
hu
tt
er
st
oc
k.
co
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47forty-seven
DIscoverin_English_9A_02.indd 47 31/08/2019 07:32:56
A negative statement has a positive tag:
Negative + Positive
It isn’t very cheap, + is it?
We aren’t going to be late, + are we? 
She wasn’t angry, + was she?
You don’t like this, + do you?
She didn’t win, + did she?
She hasn’t visited Ireland, + has she?
She can’t drive + can she?
It won’t rain today, + will it?
Let’s practice
a. The show starts at seven o’ clock, doesn’t it? — Yes, that’s right.
b. I can use this ticket in any bus, ? — Yes, you can.
c. The bill won’t be very high, ? — No, I don’t think so.
d. He wasn’t very polite, ? — No, he wasn’t.
e. I didn’t make a mistake, ? — No, you didn’t.
f. It won’t be a difficult thing to do, ? — No, I don’t think so.
g. That was a lovely meal, ? — Yes, it was delicious.
h. You can’t play the piano, ? — No, I can’t.
i. They left last week, ? — Yes, that’s right. 
1. Complete the sentences by putting in question tags.
2. Complete the conversation with question tags.
Charles: — You’re going to Helsinki this week, aren’t you?
Marta: — Yes, I’m going tomorrow.
48 forty-eight
DIscoverin_English_9A_02.indd 48 31/08/2019 07:32:56
Charles: — Helsinki is in Finland, ?
Marta: — Yes, it’s the capital.
Charles: — You’ve been there before, ?
Marta: – Yes, two years ago.
Charles: — But you can’t speak Finnish, ?
Marta: — No, I can’t. 
Charles: — But a lot of Finnish people speak English, ?
Marta: — Yes, they do. 
Charles: — Well, I’ll see you before you leave, ?
Marta: — Yes, I’ll see you tonight.
3. Complete the sentence with a question tag before each reply.
A: She comes from Italy, doesn’t she?
B: Yes, she comes from Italy.
A: — You can ?
B: — Yes, I can speak French very well.
A: — You haven’t ?
B: — No, I haven’t heard this story.
A: — You went ?
B: — Yes, I went to Frank’s party. 
A: — Your house ?
B: — No, it isn’t very far from here.
A: — She won’t ?
B: — No, she won’t be angry
A: — You’re ?
B: — No, I’m going to leave now.
A: — You’ll ?
B: — Yes, I’ll be at home tonight.
4. Observe as seguintes frases.
Drugs are chemicals, aren’t they?
Drugs can be found everywhere, can’t they?
That doctor treats diabetes, doesn’t he?
Drugs find their way into your bloodstream, don’t they?
49forty-nine
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Com base em seus conhecimentos sobre question tags, responda:
a. Por que os verbos are e can foram utilizados para formar as question tags nas frases 
1 e 2, respectivamente?
b. Por que os verbos treat e find não foram utilizados para formar as tag questions nas 
frases 3 e 4?
5. Observe os exemplos de question tags do quadro e complete:
Medicines can prevent disease, can’t they?
+ – +–
He doesn’t take drugs, does he?
Como vemos, se a oração é afirmativa, a question tag é 
(afirmativa / negativa).
Se a oração é negativa, a question tag é (afirmativa/ negativa).
Para formarmos as tags, usamos o mesmo verbo auxiliar da oração e, por ser uma 
pergunta, este vem (antes/ depois) do sujeito.
Caso não haja verbo auxiliar, usamos ou (para o 
presente) e (para o passado): Julia smokes a lot, doesn’t she?
(Exceção: I am sick, aren’t I?)
a. You don’t take drugs, ?
b. Helena works in a drug addiction program, ?
c. The support of the family is essential during the treatment, ?
d. My brother wasn’t an addict, ?
e. You gave up smoking, ?
f. Drugs can kill you, ?
6. Complete the sentences with the correct question tags.
50 fifty
DIscoverin_English_9A_02.indd 50 31/08/2019 07:32:56
7. Now, complete the sentences using words from the box below.
shouldn’t – will reveal – is – are – weren’t – brought 
a. Scientists a lot of important discoveries in the future, won’t they?
b. These drugs considered harmless, were they?
c. They the medicine, didn’t they?
d. New facts about drugs being researched now, aren’t they?
e. Penicillin a type of antibiotic, isn’t it?
f. You take drugs, should you? 
a. I am going to visit you, ?
b. Sheila will talk about it tomorrow, ?
c. Drink your milk, ?
8. Supply question tags.
Write
When we are talking with our friends or 
writing messages on chatting apps or social 
network, we use question tags to give more 
expression to our phrases. By using these 
linguistic atribute in our conversations, we 
are practicing our grammar skills in a very 
important way to achieve a fluent use of 
the English language.
Now, you’re going to write a dialogue 
which has to be some question tags in it. To 
make a well written conversation, you need 
to remember that the way your characters 
will talk depends on the social context of 
the conversation. So, before you startto 
write, you need to establish these aspects.
Using question tags in our routine
M
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51fifty-one
DIscoverin_English_9A_02.indd 51 31/08/2019 07:32:56
Grammar section
Holidays around the world
Martin Luther King Jr. DayThird Monday in January
Easter Sund
ay
Determined b
y the Compu
tus
Valentin
e’s day
February
 14
Saint Patrick’s DayMarch 17
Memorial DayLast Monday in May
Father’s D
ay
Varies per
 country
Mother’s DayVaries per country
Ro
m
an
 S
am
bo
rs
ky
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hu
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co
m
yu
ra
kr
as
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At
om
az
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Su
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er
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Pi
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Li
de
rin
a/
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Pr
os
to
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52 fifty-two
DIscoverin_English_9A_02.indd 52 31/08/2019 07:32:57
Independence DayJuly 4
Labor D
ay (USA
)
First M
onday 
in Sept
ember
Veterans D
ay
November 
11
Thanksgiving Day (USA)4th Thursday in November
Christmas DayDecember 25
Halloween
October 31
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M
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53fifty-three
DIscoverin_English_9A_02.indd 53 31/08/2019 07:32:58
Conversation
Ben and Liz are talking about holidays in Brazil. They are at school.
Ben: — Liz, which is the best holiday in your opinion? 
Liz: — It’s Easter, because I love the egg hunt! And which is yours?
Ben: — My favorite holiday is Christmas! I think everything is special and happy 
Christmas morning.
Did you know?
In the US, you can share 
desserts with someone else 
if you like. Many desserts are 
very large, perfect for sharing 
with a friend or date. When 
you order, be sure to ask for 
two or more spoons.
Relaxing moment!
My imaginary friend 
Em grupos de 4 ou 6 alunos, cada integrante irá desenvolver uma descrição completa 
de um amigo imaginário — é importante abusar da criatividade! Você pode começar com 
a seguinte frase: My imaginary friend is… Apresente entre os grupos o amigo imaginário 
de cada um até que todos sejam contemplados. 
Exemplo:
“I want to introduce you my imaginary friend. Her name is Rachel. She has brown 
eyes and short brown hair. She lives in Australia and she is a surfer. She is small and 
strong. She likes to go to the beach and cinema. Her favorite type of food is sea food”.
io
fo
to
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hu
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54 fifty-four
DIscoverin_English_9A_02.indd 54 31/08/2019 07:32:58
Unit
Music for the soul5
Warm up
1. Do you like music?
2. Which kind of international music 
do you prefer?
3. What about rock n’ roll? Do you like it?
4. Who is your favorite singer? And 
band?
5. In Brazil, which is your favorite 
music genre? And Singer?
Elvis!
Elvis Presley was born in Tupelo, 
Mississippi, on January 8, 1935. His family 
moved to Tennessee in 1948, and finished 
high school there in 1953. 
He started singing in Memphis in 1954. 
By 1956, he was an international success. 
His style was a combination of many 
influences, his dance moves shocked 
American society and attracted young 
people all over the world.
He was a celebrity, but that didn’t stop 
him from joining the military in 1958. Elvis 
went to Germany for 18 months with the 
army, and there he met Priscila in 1959. 
Text 1
She moved to the United States to be with 
him, but they only got married in 1967. 
Their marriage didn’t last very long: they 
got divorced in 1972, when their daughter, 
Lisa Marie, was only 4 years old.
Elvis acted in 33 movies, sold over 
one billion albums and won four Grammy 
Awards. His talent and charisma captivated 
audiences around the globe. Elvis was 
addicted to food and ate around 100,000 
calories per day! Elvis died at the young age 
of 42 at his home in Memphis, Graceland, 
on august 16, 1977, after years of drug 
abuse and a terrible diet.
Da
n 
Ko
sm
ay
er
/S
hu
tt
er
st
oc
k.
co
m
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Vocabulary
Acted – atuou. Sold – vendeu. Addicted – viciado. Young – jovem.
Oral drills
Research in the dictionary the phonetic alphabet used in these words and practice with 
the teacher.
Joining Awards Age
Met Audiences
Text comprehension
1. According to the text, circle the correct information to each statement.
a. Elvis died at the age of ( 27 / 33 / 42 ).
b. Elvis was born in ( Memphis / Tupelo / New York ).
c. Elvis started singing in ( 1950 / 1954 / 1960 ).
d. He sold over ( 33 / 1 billion / 3 billions ) albums.
e. Elvis went to Germany for ( 10 / 18 / 12 ) months. 
2. Match the columns.
 singing in 1954.
 divorced in 1972.
 addicted to food.
 in Tupelo.
 high school in 1953.
a Elvis was
b Elvis was born
c Elvis got
d Elvis started
e Elvis finished
3. Answer in Portuguese according to the text:
a. What was the problem that Elvis had with food?
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DIscoverin_English_9A_03.indd 56 31/08/2019 07:36:22
b. When did he join the military?
e. Why did Elvis shock American society?
c. Did he go to the University?
4. Write (1) for correct grammar statements and (2) for the incorrect ones.
a. Won is in the simple past. 
b. Young is the opposite of old. 
c. Went is a regular verb in the simple past. 
d. Marriage is a noun. 
e. There is a reflexive pronoun. 
5. Can you rewrite the sentences below in the present?
a. Elvis acted in 33 movies.
b. He was an international success.
c. Elvis finished high school.
d. … but that didn’t stop him.
e. Their marriage didn’t last very long.
d. What was the problem that caused Elvis 
death?
Conversation
Mary is an English teacher. She is in the classroom talking about violence and insecurity 
in the city. The students ask about it:
Mary: — Well, my dear students, tell me: what do you think about violence and insecurity 
in our city?
John: — Teacher, I feel very afraid of going out with my friends.
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Susan: — Me too. My father said that 
only in our home we feel secure.
John: — My mother says the same.
Christine: — Last month my brother had 
his cell phone stolen in front of his school. 
He was very frightened.
Mary: — Be calm, my dear! The governor 
said that new measures are being taken by 
the police, the security will be better, we 
will feel more relaxed and secure soon!
Grammar section
Modal verbs
Must, mustn’t
We use must with an infinitive (do, go, 
work, etc.):
You must work harder infinitive
Don’t use to before the infinitive:
 You must to work harderNOT
The form of must is the same for all 
persons:
I
you
he
she
it
we
they
must leave soon.
How we use must
 We use in rules to say that an action 
is necessary:
All visitors must go to reception when 
they arrive.
 We use to give somebody an order:
Your work is poor, you must try harder.
You must finish this work tomorrow.
 We use I/we must… to say that we 
think it is necessary or important that we 
do something:
I’m getting tired. I must go home now.
We must get a new car soon.
M
on
ke
y 
Bu
si
ne
ss
 Im
ag
es
/S
hu
tt
er
st
oc
k.
co
m
fiz
ke
s/
Sh
ut
te
rs
to
ck
.c
om
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DIscoverin_English_9A_03.indd 58 31/08/2019 07:36:22
 The negative form of must is mustn’t 
or must not:
You mustn’t park here – it’s not allowed
 You mustn’t to park here.NOT
 I will must phone…NOT
 We use you mustn’t… (or you must 
not) to say that is necessary that somebody 
does not do something:
You mustn’t smoke in here.
You mustn’t make this mistake again.
To talk about what was necessary in the 
past, we cannot use must;we use a form 
of have to.
We don’t generally use must in a question 
form, but we use have to.
Have to
The present simple forms of have to are:
Positive and negative
I/you/we/
they
have / don’t 
have
to go.
He/she/it
has / doesn’t 
have
Questions
Do I/you/we/they have to 
go?Does he/she/it
How we use mustn’t
How we use have to
 We can use to talk about things that 
are necessary because of rules that order 
people oblige us to follow:
My brother has to travel a lot in his job.
(It is required by his employer.)
We have to pay the rent every month.
(It is required by the landlord.)
 We also use you must to strongly 
recommend or offer something:
You must read this book; it’s fantastic!
You must come for lunch at our house.
 We use I/we mustn’t… (or must not) 
to say that we think is necessary that we 
don’t do something:
I mustn’t forget her birthday again.
We mustn’t be late for the meeting.
Notice that we can use must and mustn’t 
(not will must) to talk about the future:
I must phone Harry tomorrow.
Do
uc
ef
le
ur
/S
hu
tt
er
st
oc
k.
co
m
W
AY
H
O
M
E 
st
ud
io
/S
hu
tt
er
st
oc
k.
co
m
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We cannot use have got to in past or 
future forms.
Yesterday I had to work hard.
Note
 I had got to work hard.NOT
 We can use the present simple of have 
to to talk about future:
I have to do some shopping tomorrow.
Do you have to work next weekend? 
Must, can’t, may, might, could
We use must, can’t, may and could with 
an infinitive (example: be, go, come, earn):
 We also use have to for things that are 
necessary because of the circumstances:
I have to get a bus to school. 
(It is the only way I can travel there.)
She has to live on a small income. 
(She only receives a small amount of 
money to pay for what she needs.)
To talk about things that we personally 
think are necessary, we usually use must.
Note
 We use don’t have to to say that 
something is not necessary.
We don’t have to hurry; we’re early. 
(It’s not necessary to hurry. We have 
plenty of time.)
I don’t have to get up early on Sunday. 
(I can stay in bed if I want.)
 We can use have got to with the same 
meaning as have to to talk about something 
that is necessary at one particular time (but 
not in general):
I have to/I’ve got to make a phone call 
now.
I don’t have to/haven’t got to do this 
immediately.
 The past form of have to is had to:
I had to do a lot of work yesterday.
 The future form of have to is will have to:
He’ll have to look for another job.
We won’t have to get tickets in advance.
Will they have to get visas?
They must earn a lot. infinitive
 Certainty 
She must be rich.
Look at this example with must: 
Jane got top marks in her exams. She 
must be very clever. 
(From what we know, we can be certain 
that Jane is very clever)
We use must to say we are certain:
The Greens have two houses and two 
cars.
They must earn a lot of money.
(We can be sure that the Greens earn a 
lot of money)
Li
gh
tF
ie
ld
 S
tu
di
os
/S
hu
tt
er
st
oc
k.
co
m
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DIscoverin_English_9A_03.indd 60 31/08/2019 07:36:23
I should do some work tonight.
infinitive
A: There’s someone outside in an 
orange car.
B: It must be Susan. She’s the only 
person I know with an orange car.
 Impossibility 
She can’t be poor.
Look at this example with can’t:
Mark studied hard for his exams, but he 
got poor marks. He can’t be very clever. 
(From what we know, we can guess that 
Mark is not very clever)
The Browns both have part-time jobs; 
they can’t earn much money. 
(We can guess that the Browns do not 
earn a lot of money)
A: There’s someone at the door. I think 
it’s Bill.
B: It can’t be Bill. He’s in Australia.
 Possibility 
She may/might/could be in the garden.
Look at this example with may:
A: Eve’s not in her room. Where is she?
B: She may be in the garden. 
(From what we know, perhaps she is in 
the garden)
We use may, might and could for 
something that is possible but not certain, 
now or in the future:
My sister might come tomorrow. 
(From what we know, perhaps she will 
come.)
Now look at this example with may not:
A: I’ve phoned Jill, but there’s no answer.
B: She may not/might not be at home. 
(Perhaps she is not at home)
Could not is not possible here.
Should, shouldn’t
 We use should with an infinitive (do, 
go, etc.):
 The form of should is the same for all 
persons:
I/you/he/she/it/we/they should go.
 The negative form is shouldn’t:
You shouldn’t sit in the sun all day
They shouldn’t spend so much money.
 We use I should or we should to say 
what is a good thing for us to do:
I should go home. It’s midnight.
We should invite them for a meal.
 We use I or we shouldn’t to say that 
something is bad thing for us to do:
I shouldn’t spend so much money.
 We use you should/shouldn’t to give 
advice:
You should look for a better job.
You shouldn’t drive so fast.
jo
ke
rp
ro
/S
hu
tt
er
st
oc
k.
co
m
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DIscoverin_English_9A_03.indd 61 31/08/2019 07:36:23
 Should is not as strong as must or have to. Compare:
You should eat more fruit. 
(It’s a good idea)
“You must eat more fruit”, said the doctor. 
(It’s very important)
 We use the question form should I/we…? to ask for advice:
What should I say to Helen?
I need a new passport. Where should I go?
 We can say I think we should, I don’t think you should, etc. to give an opinion:
I don’t think you should believe everything he says.
We do not usually say:
Note
 I think you souldn’t. NOT
 We can use do you think I should …? 
to ask for advice:
He hasn’t replied to my email. Do you 
think I should phone him?
What do you think I should give Tom 
for his birthday?
Verbos anômalos 
Quadro Geral
Verbo Significado Expressa Tempos
Contração 
com not
Can Pode
1.Capacidade
2.Possibilidade
3.Permissão
Presente e Futuro Can’t
Could
Pôde
Podia
Poderia
1.Capacidade
2.Possibilidade
3.Permissão
Passado e condicional Couldn’t
May Pode 
1.Capacidade
2.Permissão
Presente e futuro -
Might 
Pôde
Podia
Poderia
1.Permissão mais 
formal
2.Possibilidade mais 
remota
Passado, presente e 
condicional
Mightn’t
Must Deve
Afimativa:
1.Dedução
2.Obrigação
Negativa:
1.Proibição
Presente e Futuro Mustn’t
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Remembering
 Can pode ser substituído por to be able to.
(Presente) She can swim. She is able to swim.
(Passado) She could swim. She was able to swim.
(Futuro) (---) She will be able to swim.
 Must pode ser substituído por to have to.
(Presente) I must study. I have to study
(Passado) (---) I had to study.
(Futuro) I must study tomorrow. I will have to study tomorrow.
Let’s practice
a. Paul play the violin when he was young.
b. We go to the restaurant after the game today.
c. I see Jane in the concert last week.
d. My parents travel to Italy last year.
e. you get an invitation for the opera in the afternoon?
f. she read this book in two days?
g. They speak English and French very well.
h. I help you?
i. My sister reproduce this score on the piano.
j. Water turn into ice.
1. Fill the blanks with can or could:
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2. Complete the sentences with may or might.
a. You easily reproduce the score.
b. I talk to you?
c. The children spend the day in the club.
d. we come in?
e. The plane arrive late today.
f. The Pope visit Brazil again next year.
g. The students use the library to study.
h. I drive your new car around the block?
i. They write to us from México.
j. Attention. The dog attack you.
3. The Hotel Strict is not a very nice hotel. It has a lot of rules. Read the list of rules and 
change each one into a sentence using must or must not.
You must leave your key at reception 
when you go out.Notice to guests
Leave your key at reception 
when you go out.
Vacate your room by 9 a.m. 
on theday you leave.
Return to the hotel before 10 
o’clock every night.
Do not take food into your 
room.
Pay for your room when you 
arrive.
Do not smoke in the 
restaurant.
a. You food into 
your room.
b. for your room 
when you arrive.
c. your room by 
9 a.m. on the day you leave.
d. 
in the restaurant.
e. to the hotel before 
10 o’clock every night.
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4. Look at this table of instructions for students in a school. Use the table to make sen-
tences with must or mustn’t.
Yes No
Attend all classes.
Take school books home with you.
Make noise in the corridors.
Write in school books.
Arrive for lessons on time.
Bring your own pens and paper.
You must attend all classes.
a. You take school books home with you.
b. You make noise in the corridors.
c. You write in school books.
d. You arrive for lessons on time.
e. You bring your own pens and paper.
5. Complete the sentences using must or can’t and one of the verbs from the box.
be – long – speak – come – spend – have – like – live – want – remember
Anna lived in America for three years, so she must speak English.
Tom’s brother doesn’t know anything about Medicine, so he can’t be a doctor.
a. Jane has a incredible number of CDs. She music a lot.
b. Peter doesn’t speak German, so he to Germany.
c. This jacket to Janet because it’s not her size.
d. That man around here because no one knows him. 
e. Jack a lot of clothes. He wears something different every day.
f. Sam’s grandmother is over 80 years old, so she the Second 
World War.
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Write
Knowing new music legends
In the beggining of this Unit we learned about one of the most famous rock singer of 
all time. Elvis is indeed an all-time legend, but we must remember that every generation 
has his own artistic references. Therefore, we must have our ears open to discover artists 
from the new generations and support new “music legends”.
Now that your friends knows your favourite singer or band and you also know their 
musical preferences, it’s time to talk with them about it. To start your conversation, you 
can use the following questions:
 What’s your favourite music genre?
 Do you prefer listen to national or international bands?
 Is your favourite musician still alive?
 In what moments of your routine do you use to listen your favourite songs?
 Have you have ever watched a live show of your favourite band?
To help you in this activity, here’s a list of words related to this subject that you can use 
in your dialogue.
Conversation
smooth – heavy – alternative – underground – mainstream – vintage – 
rhythm – beat – acoustic – electronic – synthesizer – feeling – charismatic 
– catchy
Now, you’re gonna write a little bio-
graphy about your favourite singer 
or band. You should look for infor-
mation about, for example, their 
personal life and how they became 
famous. After you write the text, 
you must share with your friends 
through a oral apresentation. Make 
sure to put a hard effort on you re-
search to impress your classmates 
and show them that you are a true 
fan of the artist that you chose!
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Did you know?
Curiosidades sobre a cultura do Reino Unido
Mão inglesa – carros conduzidos pela 
faixa da esquerda.
Bank Holiday – todos os feriados ingleses 
são chamados de bank holiday e possuem 
esse nome pois a maior parte do comércio 
e todos os bancos fecham, exceto o dia 26 
de dezembro (Boxing Day e Easter).
Pubs — lugares onde os ingleses se 
reúnem para conversar, comer, beber e en-
contrar os amigos.
Pontualidade – se você se atrasar, o an-
fitrião provavelmente ficará ofendido.
Relaxing moment!
A research – Who is the...? 
Formem grupos de 4 a 5 alunos e escolham um representante para ser o researcher 
do seu grupo. Escreva sugestões de questões no quadro. O researcher deverá fazer as 
perguntas aos integrantes do grupo do qual ele faz parte. Observe os exemplos: 
O researcher anotará as in-
formações: ... is the oldest, ... is 
the youngest, etc. No final, cada 
grupo relatará suas conclusões 
para a classe.
Who’s 
the oldest 
student?
I’m 
twelve.
I’m 
fourteen.
I’m 
thirteen.
I’m 
thirteen.
Cindy’s the oldest.
Du
nc
an
 A
nd
is
on
/S
hu
tt
er
st
oc
k.
co
m
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Unit
Movie time!6
Warm up
1. Do you like to go to the cinema?
2. How often do you watch movies 
with your friends?
3. Which kind of movies do you like 
more?
Guardians of the Galaxy 
Vol.2
Another film never in danger of taking 
itself too seriously, this superhero action/
comedy follows up Marvel’s irreverent 
Text 1
2014 hit. Chris Pratt stars alongside an 
ensemble cast featuring Kurt Russell, 
Zoe Saldana, Bradley Cooper and Vin 
Diesel; the heroes include a genetically 
engineered raccoon bounty hunter, a 
green-skinned love interest and a tree-
like humanoid. The band of space outlaws 
defend a trove of valuable batteries 
from an interdimensional monster while 
exploring issues of parentage; according 
to The Playlist, writer-director James 
Gunn “actually has some things to say 
about family and fatherhood among 
this tale of aliens, space battles and 
space gods — those who raise you and 
instill values in you as opposed to your 
biological parents”.
Disponível em: https://www.esfingles.com/blog/textos-em-in-
gles-19-filmes-para-assistir-em-maio/. Acesso em: 12/07/2019.
Fa
iz
 Z
ak
i/S
hu
tt
er
st
oc
k.
co
m
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DIscoverin_English_9A_03.indd 68 31/08/2019 07:36:24
Oral drills
Research in the dictionary the phonetic alphabet used in these words and practice with 
the teacher.
Hunter Issues Battles
Valuable Fatherhood
Vocabulary
Alongside – junto a, ao lado de.
Cast – elenco.
Hunter – caçador.
Outlaws – foragidos.
Issues – assuntos.
Fatherhood – paternidade
Text comprehension
1. According to the text about the film Guardians of the Galaxy vol.2, write true or false.
a. Bradley Cooper was the director of the film – 
b. There are some alliens in the film – 
c. “The Guardians” also has a little comedy – 
2. Match the columns.
 Relative pronoun
 Noun
 Irregular verb
 Adverb
 Regular verb
a Never
b Taking
c Raise
d Issues
e Who
3. There are some questions about films. Answer them in English.
a. What kind of movies do you like?
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DIscoverin_English_9A_03.indd 69 31/08/2019 07:36:24
b. Have you seen Titanic? Did you like it? 
c. And what about the Harry Potter franchise? Which movie do you like more?
4. You are going to translate these sentences about films:
It’s one of the best movies I’ve seen 
in a long time.
É um dos melhores filmes que assisti 
em muito tempo. 
Conversation
Mila and John are friends. They are with other friends in a shopping. They are going to 
watch a film. 
They are talking about some films and their titles in Portuguese.
Mila: — Last week I read an article about titles of films translated into Portuguese.
John: — Really? Which?
Mila: — Airplane in Portuguese is Apertem os cintos… O piloto sumiu. Final destination, 
in Portuguese is Premonição.
a. I thought it was a little predictable. d. It had its moments.
b. It wasn’t at all what I expected. e. I cried at the end.
c. I fell asleep in the middle of the film.
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John: — That’s funny, isn’t it?
Mila: — Yes, very funny. And you? Do 
you know any other title?
John: — Yes! Home Alone in Portuguese is 
Esqueceram de mim, and Saw in Portuguese 
is Jogos Mortais.
Mila: — I saw Home alone. I loved. But 
the best one was Home alone 2, in my 
opinion.
John: — I loved Scary Movie, in 
Portuguese the title is Todo mundo em 
pânico. Very funny!
Grammar section
As formas
 O genitivo singular é formado acres-
centando-se ,s ao nome do “possuidor”:The cat’s tail
O rabo do gato
E o genitivo plural, acrescentando-se so-
mente o apóstrofo ao plural:
The cats’ tails 
Os rabos dos gatos 
A posição do apóstrofo é frequentemente 
motivo de confusão.
Compare esses dois exemplos:
The boy’s school 
A escola do menino 
The boys’ school
A escola dos meninos
No primeiro exemplo, boy está no sin-
gular, portanto se trata da “escola de um 
menino em particular”. No segundo exem-
plo, boys está no plural, então indica que é 
a “escola de vários meninos”.
The genitive case 
Quando o plural não termina em -s, o 
genitivo plural se forma com ,s, como no 
singular:
The men’s toilet 
O banheiro dos homens 
The children’s room
O quarto das crianças
M
on
ke
y 
Bu
si
ne
ss
 Im
ag
es
/S
hu
tt
er
st
oc
k.
co
m
M
on
ke
y 
Bu
si
ne
ss
 Im
ag
es
/S
hu
tt
er
st
oc
k.
co
m
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 Casos particulares
A forma do genitivo de substantivos pró-
prios terminados em -s varia em função da 
extensão e da acentuação dos substanti-
vos. Os substantivos de uma e duas síla-
bas levam ,s (pronunciado /iz/):
Ross’s / James’s / Thomas’s car
O carro do Ross/do James/do Thomas
Dickens’s (ou Dickens’) novels
Os romances de Dickens
Os substantivos com mais de duas sí-
labas e os que terminam com o som /i:z/ 
levam somente o apóstrofo:
Socrates’ wife
A esposa de Sócrates
Hercules’ labours
Os trabalhos de Hércules
Mas os substantivos com mais de duas 
sílabas em que a sílaba mais forte é penúl-
tima levam ,s:
Dionysus’s mother
A mãe de Dionísio
Essas são as regras básicas, embora 
o genitivo de nomes próprios dependa 
também do uso.
 Antes da palavra sake (o amor de, o 
bem de), o genitivo singular é indicado so-
mente pelo apóstrofo no final dos substan-
tivos comuns terminados em -s:
For goodness’ sake! (mas For God’s/ 
Christ’s / heaven’s sake!)
Pelo amor de Deus!
For politeness’ sake.
Por educação
 Quanto aos substantivos compostos, 
acrescenta-se o ,s do genitivo no segundo 
elemento, mesmo quando o -s de plural 
recai sobre o primeiro elemento:
I met the editor-in-chief’s wife.
Eu conheci a esposa do editor-chefe.
My parents-in-law’s house is huge.
A casa dos meus sogros é enorme.
O genitivo com of
 Seres animados (pessoas, animais)
O genitivo, que expressa basicamente 
a ideia de posse ou pertencimento, é 
bastante comum com pessoas:
Tom’s car 
O carro do Tom 
My mother’s ring
O anel da minha mãe
O uso da preposição of não soaria 
natural nesses dois exemplos.
Com animais, pode-se usar o genitivo 
ou a construção com of:
The wings of an insect / An insect’s wings
As asas de um inseto
The movements of the worm/ The 
worm’s movements
Os movimentos de uma minhoca
 Objetos inanimados, conceitos, etc.
A construção normal é com of:
The pages of the book
As páginas do livro
The roof of the car
O teto do carro
H
oi
ka
 M
ik
ha
il/
Sh
ut
te
rs
to
ck
.c
om
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DIscoverin_English_9A_03.indd 72 31/08/2019 07:36:25
Mas observe que em inglês usa-se com 
muita frequência a forma composta:
The laptop screen
A tela do computador
O genitivo é igualmente possível com 
alguns substantivos:
The mind’s ability to remember names
A capacidade da mente para lembrar 
nomes
The nation’s strength lies in its young people
A força de uma nação está em sua ju-
ventude
Especialmente se esses substantivos se 
referem a lugares ou instituições:
England’s heritage / The heritage of 
England
A herança da Inglaterra
The University’s library facilities / The 
library facilities of the University 
As instalações da biblioteca da univer-
sidade
Os substantivos relativos ao tempo e ao 
valor do dinheiro são frequentemente usa-
dos com o genitivo:
Today’s menu 
O cardápio de hoje 
Two month’s work
O trabalho de dois meses
You’ve had your money’s worth 
Valeu a pena o dinheiro que você gastou
Medidas de distância às vezes apare-
cem com o genitivo, especialmente em ex-
pressões figuradas:
A stone’s throw (away) 
A uns passos (daqui)
At arm’s length
À distância de um braço.
O genitivo sem substantivo
 Quando o substantivo determinado 
pelo genitivo já foi mencionado ou se o 
contexto está suficiente claro, não é obri-
gatório explicitá-lo:
It wasn’t my father’s car, it was my 
mother’s.
Não era o carro do meu, era o da minha 
mãe.
Omite-se também o substantivo após o 
genitivo quando esse substantivo está su-
bentendido. É o caso de alguns lugares:
At the baker’s (baker’s shop) 
Na padaria
At Alex’s (at Alex’s place)
Na casa do Alex
 O “duplo genitivo” (construção com of e 
genitivo na mesma oração) é comum quando 
o genitivo se refere a uma pessoa bem defini-
da. Mas note que o substantivo é normalmen-
te precedido de artigo indefinido ou numeral:
She’s a friend of Ana’s
Ela é uma amiga da Ana
He’s an uncle of Mr Brown’s
Ele é um tio do senhor Brown
He’s an acquaintance of my father’s
Ele é um conhecido do meu pai
They are relatives of Karen’s
Eles(as) são parentes da Karen
Um pronome demonstrativo pode às 
vezes aparecer antes do primeiro subs-
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tantivo, o que implica um certo grau de 
familiaridade: 
That motorcycle of your brother’s… how 
much does he want for it?
Aquela moto do seu irmão… quanto ele 
quer por ela?
Normalmente, o artigo definido não pode 
ser usado com o primeiro substantivo, a 
menos que o genitivo seja seguido de uma 
oração relativa (ou equivalente):
The poem of Dickinson’s we read 
yesterday is lovely.
O poema de Dickinson que nós lemos 
ontem é muito bonito.
This is the only poem of Dickinson’s to 
have moved me.
Esse é o único poema de Dickinson que 
me emocionou.
 É comum encontrar o duplo genitivo 
em dois tipos de construção:
• Substantivo + determinante introduzido 
por preposição.
• Substantivos ligados por and. 
Em tais combinações, acrescenta-se ,s 
ao último elemento.
The Queen of Holland’s yacht
O iate da rainha da Holanda
The head of department’s office
O escritório do(a) chefe de departamento
John and Kate’s new house
A casa nova do John e da Kate
A week and a half’s work
Um trabalho de uma semana e meia
Quando o possuidor está no plural, nor-
malmente se usa a construção com of:
The regalia of the Queens of Holland
Os trajes oficiais das rainhas da Holanda
Porém, quando os dois substantivos não 
formam uma unidade, cada um leva o ,s de 
genitivo:
Marlowe’s and Shakespeare’s plays
As peças de Marlowe e as de Shakespeare
 Interrogative pronouns
Who / whom / whose, which, what e 
todas as formas compostas com o sufixo 
-ever, como whichever e whomever.
Os interrogativos podem ser usados 
como pronomes ou como adjetivos (exceto 
who e whom, que só são usados como 
pronomes):
pronome
Which do you want?
Qual você quer?
adjetivo
Which flavour do you want?
Que sabor você quer?
Note que os interrogativos são inva-
riáveis, assim, o primeiro exemplo po-
deria ser traduzido também por “Quais 
você quer?”
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DIscoverin_English_9A_03.indd 74 31/08/2019 07:36:25
adjetivo
adjetivo
Who e whom
São sempre pronomes (logo, nunca são 
seguidos por substantivos) e referem-se a 
pessoas:
Who are you?
Quem é você?
To whom were your remarks addressed?
A quem seus comentários foram dirigidos?
Whom é usado quando estiver na fun-
ção de objeto direto ou indireto, e um esti-
lo mais formal, e é obrigatório quando vem 
depois da preposição:
Whom did she kiss? 
Quem ela beijou?
To whom did he give his permission?
A quem ele deu permissão?
I demand to know to whom you have 
spoken.
ou:
I demand to know whom you have 
spoken to.
Eu exijo saber com quem você falou.
No inglês falado atualmente, usa-se em 
geral who (no lugar de whom) para todas 
as funções gramaticais. Mas whom conti-
nua obrigatório quando vem diretamente 
depois de uma preposição,embora essa 
construção soe menos natural em uma 
conversa. Por exemplo:
Who did you see at the party?
Quem você viu na festa?
I want to know who you spoke to just now.
I want to know to whom you spoke just 
now. (estilo formal)
Eu quero saber com quem você falou 
agora há pouco.
Whose
É a forma do genitivo de who e pode ser 
pronome ou adjetivo:
Whose are these bags?
Whose bags are these?
De quem são essas malas?
pronome
adjetivo
pronome
pronome
Which/what
Diferentemente de who(m), which pode 
ser adjetivo ou pronome e pode se referir a 
uma pessoa ou a um objeto:
Of these two movies, which do you prefer?
Desses dois filmes, qual você prefere?
Which actor do you mean?
De que ator você está falando?
Which of the actors do you mean?
De qual dos atores você está falando?
Which movie do you prefer?
Que filme você prefere?
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DIscoverin_English_9A_03.indd 75 31/08/2019 07:36:25
What
Quando é pronome, what não se refere 
nunca a uma pessoa:
What was that all about?
O que foi aquilo?
Don’t ask me what I did.
Não me pergunte o que eu fiz.
Quando é adjetivo, what pode se referir 
a uma pessoa, um animal ou uma coisa:
A diferença entre which e who/what é 
que which é restritivo: ele propõe ao inter-
locutor uma escolha entre um certo núme-
ro de coisas determinadas.
Compare:
What would you like to drink?
O que você quer beber?
I’ve got coffee and tea. Which would you 
like?
Eu tenho chá e café. Qual você quer?
Quando o objeto da escolha não é iden-
tificado antes da pergunta, somente what 
pode ser usado:
What would you like to drink? I’ve got 
beer, red wine or mineral water. 
O que você quer beber? Eu tenho cer-
veja, vinho tinto e água mineral.
Para a diferença entre which e what, 
veja o item anterior.
Observe o uso de what em exclamações:
What an awful weather!
Que tempo terrível!
What a beautiful day!
Que dia lindo!
What child does not like sweets?
Que criança não gosta de doce?
What kind of shampoo do you use?
Que tipo de xampu você usa?
 Com -ever
O sufixo -ever exprime surpresa, confu-
são ou incômodo e repreensão.
Whoever would have thought that?
(surpresa)
Quem teria imaginado isso?
Whatever do you mean? 
(confusão ou incômodo)
O que você quer dizer?
Whatever did you do that for?
(repreensão)
Por que você foi fazer isso?
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DIscoverin_English_9A_03.indd 76 31/08/2019 07:36:25
Let’s practice
1. Rewrite the sentences using ,s or of correctly:
a. Please, give me (a glass – water) 
c. (Boyfriend – my sister) is studying to be an engineer.
b. Do you like (the color – this shirt)
d. I’m going to sell (the bicycle – my brother).
e. The (tail – cat) is short and black.
a. A casa do meu irmão foi muito cara.
c. Eu vi os livros do meu amigo embaixo da mesa.
b. As cartas de Marcos foram enviadas por ele mesmo.
d. Minha mãe trouxe as camisas do meu pai.
e. A mãe de Maria e Joana.
2. Write in English using the possessive case (if necessary).
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DIscoverin_English_9A_03.indd 77 31/08/2019 07:36:25
3. Let’s work with: How many / How much / 
Where / Whose / How / What / Who / Why / 
When:
a. are you going? 
 Where What
b. likes fish? 
 Whose Who
c. dictionaries do you have? 
 How many How much.
d. car is that? 
 Whose Who
e. is your school? 
 How Where
f. are they so angry? 
 Who Why 
g. is your father? 
 Who What
h. is your father? 
 Whose How old
i. is the time? 
 What When
j. water do we need? 
 How many How much
4. Answer the questions.
a. How many friends do you have?
c. What time do you get up on Sundays?
b. How far is your school from home?
d. What are you wearing?
e. Where do you plan to go on your next 
vacation?
a. Whose (Quem? / De quem?)
b. How old (Quantos / Qual idade?)
c. Why (Por quê? / Quem?)
d. Which (Quem? / Qual?)
e. Where (Quanto? / Onde?)
5. Circle the correct forms of the relative 
pronouns. If both forms are right, mark 
them both.
a. This is a test for students that/whose 
native language is not English.
b. Who are the students that/who arrived 
yesterday?
c. Uranium, which/that is a chemical 
element, is used in atomic bombs.
d. The car that/which Peter bought is very 
fast.
e. Mr. Clark, whose/whom wife is a famous 
cardiologist, had a heart attack yesterday. 
6. Circle the correct translation to each 
interrogative word.
78 seventy-eight
DIscoverin_English_9A_03.indd 78 31/08/2019 07:36:25
Warm up
1. Have you ever heard about 
memes?
2. Do you share memes with your 
friends?
3. What kind of memes do you like 
the most?
What is a Meme?
The more you know about memes, the 
cooler you are
A meme is a virally-transmitted photograph 
that is embellished with text that pokes fun at 
a cultural symbol or social idea.
The majority of modern memes are 
captioned photos that are intended to be 
funny, often as a way to publicly ridicule 
human behavior. Other memes can be videos 
and verbal expressions. Some memes have 
heavier and more philosophical content.
The world of memes (which rhymes with 
“teams”) is noteworthy for two reasons: it 
is a worldwide social phenomenon, and 
memes behave like a mass of infectious flu 
and cold viruses, traveling from person to 
person quickly through social media. 
According to Cecil Adams of Straight 
Dope.com, the concept of memes “is either 
really deep or really, really obvious.”
Who uses Memes?
The majority of Internet memes are 
transmitted by 20-something millennials. 
This is because that age group is hyper 
connected and enamored with social 
media. The average age of meme users 
Text 2
is increasing, though, as Generation X 
and Baby Boomer users discover the 
entertainment fun of spreading memes to 
their spreads.
Who (sort of) invented Memes?
The word was first introduced by 
evolutionary biologist, Richard Dawkins, in 
1976. Meme comes from the Greek word 
mimema (meaning “something imitated”, 
American Heritage Dictionary).
Dawkins described memes as a being 
a form of cultural propagation, which is a 
way for people to transmit social memories 
and cultural ideas to each other. Not unlike 
the way that DNA and life will spread from 
location to location, a meme idea will also 
travel from mind to mind.
How Memes became popular
The Internet, by sheer virtue of its 
instant communication, is how we now 
spread modern memes to each other’s 
inboxes. A link to a YouTube video of Rick 
Astley, a file attachment with a Star Wars 
Kid movie, an email signature with a Chuck 
Norris quote — these are a few examples 
of modern meme symbols and culture 
spreading through online media. Facebook, 
Instagram, and Twitter, of course, continue 
to lead the pack for instantly viral memes.
The bulk of Internet memes will continue 
to be humor and shock-value curiosities, as 
these grab people’s attention more quickly 
than deeper meme content. But as users 
become more sophisticated in their thinking, 
expect memes to become progressively 
more intellectual and philosophical while 
referencing less-sophisticated pop-culture 
icons such as Spongebob or Arthur. 
Disponível em: https://www.lifewire.com/what-is-a-meme-2483702 
Acesso em: 15/07/2019.
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DIscoverin_English_9A_03.indd 79 31/08/2019 07:36:25
Here, we have some meme examples:
It’s how determined you look!
It’s not how big you are
It’s how determined you look!
What part of “Do not disturb”
don’t you understand?
Here comes 
Monday
Oh no...
This is SPARTA!
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Text comprehension
1. Answer correct or incorrect to the 
following affirmativesabout the text.
a. The majority of modern memes are 
inspired by Richard Dawkins.
b. The main audience of the memes are the 
group of young people called millennials.
c. The concept of virtual meme was truly 
originated in 1999.
d. As an example of modern meme sources, 
we can mention the actor Chuck Norris and 
the animated cartoon Spongebob Square-
pants.
e. Generation X and Baby Boomer doesn’t 
like memes at all.
f. Memes are only popular when they have 
photographic contents.
g. With memes, we can learn about other 
countries cultures.
h. A meme becomes more popular when 
we share it on social media.
a. Are these recent memes funny?
b. Do you think one of them will become a 
classic meme? Which one? Why?
c. Do you know other memes that share 
similarities with these recent memes? 
Which ones?
2. As the text says, memes are shared quickly 
through social media. Because of that speed, 
everyday we have new memes that can be-
come very famous for a long or short period. 
Research for two recent memes and give your 
opinion about it answering these questions:
Noteworthy– digno de nota
Millennials – geração de indivíduos 
nascidos entre 1979 e 1995
Sheer – puro
Attachment – anexo
Vocabulary
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DIscoverin_English_9A_03.indd 81 31/08/2019 07:36:26
Conversation
To learn more about the English language, we have to stay connected with the modern 
culture present in social media. In this activity, you will use your personal knowledge to 
talk about memes with your classmates. You can list your favorite memes, the ones you 
don’t like and know some new memes too!
Write
It’s your turn!
Making our own meme
Based on the examples given in the text What is a Meme?, use the following images to 
create phrases for your personal memes. You can write about funny situations lived with 
your friends and family, for example. After that, you can share them with your classmates 
and see the memes that they created too. Have fun!
Ia
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ko
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So
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DIscoverin_English_9A_03.indd 82 31/08/2019 07:36:26
Did you know?
Britain’s first cinema was the Regent Street Cinema in London, which opened its doors on 
February 21, 1896. The cinema contains 187 seats and is known for having shown the first 
screening of moving footage in the United Kingdom.
Extra text
English is not the most widely spoken 
language in the world in terms of the 
number of native speakers — there are 
many more Chinese speakers than native 
English speakers — but Chinese is spoken 
little outside Chinese communities, while 
English is the most widespread language in 
the world. lt is difficult to estimate exactly 
how many English speakers there are, but 
according to one estimate there are more 
than 350,000,000 native English speakers 
and more than 400,000,000 speakers of 
English as a second language (a language 
used in everyday life, even though it is not 
the native language) or foreign language 
(a language studied, but not used much in 
everyday life).
The importance of English
However, even these numbers do not 
really indicate how important English is 
as a world language, because less than 
fifteen percent of the world population 
uses English. The importance of English 
is not just in how many people speak it 
but what it is used for. English is the major 
language of news and information in the 
world. lt is the language of business and 
government even in some countries where 
it is a minority language. lt is the language of 
maritime communication and international 
air traffic control. American popular culture 
— primarily movies and music — carries 
the English language throughout the world. 
Disponível em: http://iteslj.org/Articles/Kitao-WhyTeach.html. 
Acesso em: 13/07/2019.
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DIscoverin_English_9A_03.indd 83 31/08/2019 07:36:27
Relaxing moment!
The meme challenge
As you may know, a meme has to be shared a lot of times to become popular in social 
media. Based on the dinamics of the meme sharing, we will promote a challenge that will 
test you creativity and sense of humor. 
To win the challenge, you have to make a meme based on a popular subject in order to 
impress your classmates. After everyone in class has shared their memes, there will be a 
voting to decide which one is the most funny. Good luck and have fun!
How much is it?
Formem grupos de 5 ou 6 alunos e nomeiem um monitor em cada grupo. Ele será o 
responsável por escrever no quadro os exemplos de diálogos (ver sugestão). Cada aluno 
pegará 4 pedaços de papel:
 2 pedaços para escrever o nome dos objetos a serem vendidos.
 2 pedaços para escrever os preços. 
Exemplo:
bookbook orangesoranges $10$10 $1.50$1.50
Os grupos devem interagir com perguntas e respostas:
A: — How much is the book?
B: — The book is...
O jogo prossegue até que todos os alunos tenham feito perguntas e respostas.
Exemplo:
How much is the... ? 
It’s ...
Fine. Give me one.
That’s expensive. Bye.
How much are the...?
They’re...
Fine. Give me...
They’re expensive. Bye.
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DIscoverin_English_9A_03.indd 84 31/08/2019 07:36:27
Unit
Mini grammar7
Presente simples
Use o presente simples para situações permanentes ou verdades genéricas e para 
falar sobre coisas que acontecem com frequência. 
Social networking sites make these connections between people visible.
Nowadays we have more friends in social networks rather than in real life.
Com he, she e it usamos regras diferentes:
Casos especiais (grafia) Grafia Exemplos
Para a maioria dos verbos Adicione -s
But a call to a friend works 
just as well as a Facebook 
message […]. 
In my point of view, Internet 
becomes part of our life.
Para verbos que terminam em 
vogal + y
Adicione -s
A good listener pays 
attention by making eye 
contact.
Para verbos que terminam em 
consoante + y
Troque o y por -ies
Find an example that justifies 
your answer.
Para verbos que terminam em 
-ch, -sh, ou -o
Adicione -es [...] the list goes on and on
Formas irregulares
Be > is
Have > has
Social networking is a major 
worldwide success.
Use don’t ou doesn’t seguido pelo verbo em sua forma básica para formar a negativa:
Your family and friends don’t see you […].
The video doesn’t talk about the rise and decline of some social networks.
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DIscoverin_English_9A_04.indd 85 31/08/2019 07:37:41
Formas completas e formas contraídas
I do not
I don’t 
have to use social networks in the office.
He does not / She does not / It does not / 
He doesn’t / She doesn’t / It doesn’t
We do not / You do not / They do not / We 
don’t / You don’t / They don’t 
Insira o verbo auxiliar do (ou does) antes do sujeito para fazer perguntas.
Verbo auxiliar + sujeito + infinitivo do verbo principal
Do I / we / you / they have to use social networks 
in the office?Does He / she / it
Respostas curtas
Afirmativa Negativa
Yes,
I / we / you /they do.
No,
I / we/ you / they
don’t. 
do not.
He / she / it does. He / she / it
doesn’t. 
does not.
Presente contínuo
Use o presente contínuo para ações 
que estão em progresso ou acontecendo 
agora (hoje, neste segundo/mês/ano/
século):
 [...] human interaction, something we 
are losing touch with.
The simplest way to ensure you aren’t 
wasting time in any one place. […]
Is social media changing the way we 
communicate?
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DIscoverin_English_9A_04.indd 86 31/08/2019 07:37:41
Afirmativas
Verbo to be + verbo na forma -ing Expressões de tempo
I am studying
English
now.
at the moment.
He/She/It is studying 
We/You/They are studying
Negativas
I am not
I’m not
wasting time in any one place […]
He is not / She is not / It isnot
He isn’t / She isn’t / It isn’t
He’s not / She’s not / It’s not 
We are not / You are not / They are not
We aren’t / You aren’t / They aren’t 
We’re not / You’re not / They’re not
Insira o verbo to be antes do sujeito para formar perguntas.
Perguntas
Verbo to be + sujeito + verbo na forma -ing
Am I
keeping regular contact 
with English?
Is he / she / it
Are we / you / they
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Os verbos principais podem sofrer alterações para formar o presente contínuo.
Ortografia Exemplos
Para a maioria dos verbos adicione -ing
Am I keeping regular 
contact […]
Para verbos que terminam 
em -y
adicione -ing I’m studying English now.
Para verbos que terminam 
em -e
troque o -e por -ing
We aren’t wasting time.
Exceptions: 
be > being; see > seeing 
Para verbos que terminam 
em consoante + vogal + 
consoante na sílaba tônica 
repita a consoante final + 
-ing
We’re beginning to see cool 
little apps that are coming 
out to do that.
Use palavras WH- e coloque o verbo to be antes do sujeito para fazer perguntas.
Perguntas
Palavra WH- + verbo to be + sujeito + verbo na forma -ing
What
am I
doing in this 
picture?
is he / she / it
are we / you / they
Imperativo
Use o imperativo para dar dicas e ordens.
Afimativa: verbo Negativa: don’t + verbo
Listen and ask questions.
Give a compliment.
Form a study group.
Don’t ask embarrassing questions.
Don’t be impolite.
Don’t complain too much.
Use o imperativo para fazer recomendações, sugestões, avisos e para dar instruções 
ou ordens:
Use anti-virus software on your computer.
Don’t accept unknown friend requests.
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DIscoverin_English_9A_04.indd 88 31/08/2019 07:37:42
Passado simples
Use os verbos na forma do passado simples para descrever fatos, ações e eventos 
terminados no passado.
Afirmativa com a maioria dos verbos
I/You/She/It/We/You 
/They
And I had, like, an eating disorder in high school […]
She moved to L.A. from Texas to pursue her dream […]
Afirmativa com o verbo to be
I / He / She / It
All that was left was the Russian, Alexander Popoff, to create a 
vertical metal pole […]
We / You / They […] those months you lived in L.A. were kind of a disaster, right?
Use o verbo auxiliar did para fazer perguntas e negativas no passado simples.
Verbo auxiliar + sujeito + infinito do verbo principal
Did
I / He / She / It
We / You / They
invent the radio?
Respostas curtas
Afirmativa Negativa
Yes, 
I
He / She / It
We / You /They
did. No, 
I
He / She / It
We / You / They
did not.
didn’t.
Adicione n’t ou not ao verbo auxiliar did para formar a negativa.
[...] they didn’t allow us to use kitchen.
Formas completas e formas contraídas
I
He / She / It
We / You / They
did not 
didn’t
invent the radio alone.
Na negativa, o verbo principal permanece na sua forma básica. 
Note
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Formas completas e formas 
contraídas
I was not / He was not / 
She was not / It was not
I wasn’t / He wasn’t / She 
wasn’t / It wasn’t
a big radio 
fan.
We were not / You were 
not / They were not
We weren’t / You weren’t/
They weren’t
big radio 
fans.
Use palavras WH- para fazer perguntas.
Palavra WH- como objeto de questão
Palavra WH- 
Verbo auxiliar (was/ 
were ou did)
Sujeito Verbo principal
How did the radio originate?
Where was Guglielmo Marconi born?
When were the first formulas created?
Palavra WH- como sujeito da sentença
Palavra WH- Verbo principal Complemento
Who created the name “coherer”?
What was constructed in 1888?
As formas verbais was e were devem concordar com o sujeito.
Note
Use o sufixo -ed para formar o passado simples de verbos regulares.
Aa
ro
n 
Am
at
/S
hu
tt
er
st
oc
k.
co
m
90 ninety
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O particípio passado de verbos regulares é formado adicionando-se o sufixo -ed; 
por exemplo, used. Verbos irregulares possuem formas especiais; por exemplo, seen. 
Confira o quadro com verbos irregulares no final desta seção.
Note
Formação de palavras Exemplos
Para a maioria dos verbos Adicione -ed
Guglielmo Marconi 
discovered that radio waves 
travel through an obstacle.
Para verbos que terminam 
em e
adicione -d
James Maxwell created the 
first radio-wave formula.
Para verbos que terminam 
em consoante + y
troque o y por -ied
I studied about the 
invention of the radio with 
interest.
Presente perfeito
Use o presente perfeito para falar sobre experiências que ocorreram em um tempo 
indefinido no passado ou eventos no passado com consequências no presente.
Formas completas e formas 
contraídas
Verbo to have + particípio passado do 
verbo principal
I have / We have / 
You have / They have
I’ve / We’ve / You’ve / 
They’ve used social 
networks a lot 
lately.
He has / She has / It 
has
He’s / She’s / It’s
F8
 st
ud
io
/S
hu
tt
er
st
oc
k.
co
m
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Adicione n’t ao verbo auxiliar have ou use-o seguido de not para formar a negativa.
Negativas
Verbo to have + not + particípio passado do verbo principal
I / We / You / They haven’t used social networks a lot 
lately.He / She / It hasn’t
Insira o verbo to have antes do sujeito para fazer perguntas.
Perguntas
Verbo to have + sujeito + particípio passado do verbo principal
Have I / we / you / they used social networks a lot 
lately?Has he / she / it
Use ever para perguntar sobre uma experiência prévia ocorrida em qualquer momento 
passado:
Have you ever left a message on a friend’s cell phone?
Has he ever used a tablet?
Respostas curtas
Afirmativa Negativa
Yes, 
I / we / you / 
they
have
No,
I / we /you / 
they
have not.
haven’t.
He / She / It has. He / She / It
has not.
hasn’t.
Use never, already, just e yet para 
responder perguntas que estão no presente 
perfeito:
I have never used the new tablet. 
(A ação não aconteceu em nenhum 
momento)
I’ve already used the new tablet. 
(A ação aconteceu previamente)
I’ve just used the new tablet. 
(A ação aconteceu recentemente)
I haven’t used the new tablet yet. 
(A ação ainda não aconteceu)
pi
ks
el
st
oc
k/
Sh
ut
te
rs
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.c
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1. O advérbio never é usado em sentenças afirmativas, enquanto yet é usado no final 
de sentenças negativas.
2. Os advérbios already e yet podem ser usados como sinônimos em perguntas.
Have you texted your friend about the party yet? (Are you done? I’m waiting)
Have you already texted your friend about the party? (So fast. I’m shocked!)
Note
Use for ou since para falar sobre eventos ou estados que começaram no passado e 
ainda permanecem agora.
Delicious [the website] has been available for several years. 
(Foco no período de tempo)
Wikipedia has been available since 2001. 
(Foco no início do evento)
Falar sobre ações em progresso no passado
Use o passado contínuo para falar sobre uma atividade que estava em progresso ou 
fornecer o pano de fundo de uma narrativa no passado.
[...] because I was texting my friends and checking my e-mail. 
(Atividade em progresso)
I was doing the challenge so I made myself a sandwich and went back to work.
(Acontecimento paralelo)
Afirmativas
Verbo to be + verbo na forma -ing
I / He / She / It was texting some friends and 
checking e-mails.We / You / They were
Adicione n’t às formas de passado do verbo to be ou use essas formas seguidas por 
not para fazer a negativa.
Formas completas e formas contraídas
I was not / He was not / She was not / It was not
I wasn’t / He wasn’t / She wasn’t / It wasn’t
texting friends or checking 
e-mails.We were not / You were not / They were not
We weren’t / You weren’t / They weren’t
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Use palavras WH- e insira o verbo to be antes do sujeito para fazer perguntas.
Perguntas
Palavra WH- + verbo to be + sujeito+ verbo na forma -ing
What
was I / he / she / it
doing
when the teacher arrived in class?
yesterday at 7 p.m.?were we / you / they
Use when ou before para falar sobre uma ação completa que interrompeu a ação em 
progresso no passado.
When I met my best friend, I was playing soccer with neighbors.
We were talking noisily before the teacher arrived in class.
Quando a sentença começa com um advérbio, colocamos uma vírgula após o advérbio.
Note
Verbos estativos são diferentes de ver-
bos dinâmicos, que normalmente des-
crevem ações — eles geralmente não 
são usados na forma contínua. Não 
é considerado padrão, por exemplo, 
perguntar “Are you understanding this 
topic?”.
Note
Verbos estativos
Use verbos estativos para expressar opiniões e estados duradouros. Veja alguns exemplos:
agree, believe, dislike, doubt, guess, know, imagine, like, love, realize, remember, 
think (= have an opinion), understand
— I think that it’s a mistake to substitute 
modern languages for an ancient universal 
one […]
— I agree with Natascia L.
Ro
be
rt
 W
yd
ro
 S
tu
di
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Futuro simples
Use o futuro simples para falar sobre eventos futuros, expressar decisões, consequên-
cias, previsões e promessas.
Afirmativas
Will + infinitivo do verbo principal
I / He / She / It / We / You / 
They 
will change the nature of global media
Adicione not ao verbo auxiliar, ou altere a sua ortografia adicionando -n’t, para formar 
a negativa (will not ou won’t).
Formas completas e contraídas
I / He / She / It / We / You / 
They
will not
won’t
change the nature of global 
media.
Insira o auxiliar will antes do sujeito para fazer perguntas.
Perguntas
Will
I / he / she / it / we / you / 
they
change the nature of global 
media?
Respostas curtas
Afirmativa Negativa
Yes,
I / he / she / 
it / we / you / 
they
will. No,
I / he / she / 
it / we / you / 
they
will not.
won’t.
Adicione palavras WH- antes do auxiliar will para fazer outros tipos de perguntas.
Perguntas
Palavra WH- + will + sujeito + infinitivo do verbo principal
What will
I / he / she / it / we / 
you / they
do in the future?
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Palavras de ligação
Use palavras de ligação para conectar ideias dentro de um parágrafo e entre parágrafos.
Ideias Palavras de ligação
adição
in addition, moreover, besides, as well as, 
and, also
contraste
however, nevertheless, even though, while, 
but, yet, although
comparação similary, in the same way/manner, likewise
ênfase in fact, indeed
exemplificação for example, such as
exceção aside from, except(for)
razão since, because, because of, due to, as
resultado thus, therefore, then
sequência
first, second, next, then, after that, lastly, 
finally
resumo in conclusion, finally, in brief
condição if, whether
simultaneidade while, as
Sufixos
Adicione sufixos às palavras para criar novos significados.
Formação de palavras
Sufixo Significado Exemplos
-ance
(substantivo) caracterizado por
(verbo) caracterizar
performance
finance
-ist (substantivo) pessoa envolvida com tourist
-ment (substantivo) ação, condição, resultado empowerment
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-ism (substantivo) ação ou prática tourism
-tion (substantivo abstrato) ação, processo de classification
-ed (adjetivo) resultar qualidade ou estado empowered (with power)
-ing (adjetivo) atributos contínuos
empowering (that gives 
power)
-al (adjetivo) ter o caráter de financial
-ive (adjetivo) tendência, disposição, condição informative
-ate (verbo) ação donate
-ify (verbo) fazer, tornar-se, fazer mudar classify
Advérbios de modo
Use advérbios de modo para falar sobre como algo acontece (verbo) ou é (adjetivo)
Adjetivo + -ly Exemplos
continually modifica o verbo post
[...] you have to be willing to […] continually 
post new content on Facebook and 
YouTube.
relatively modifica os adjetivos easy e 
efficient
YouTube is still a relatively easy and 
efficient way to discover the next big star 
[…]
Verbos irregulares
Forma base
Passado 
simples
Particípio 
passado
Tradução
arise arouse arisen surgir, erguer-se
be was, were been ser, estar
bear bore borne suportar, ser portador de
beat beat beaten bater
become became become tornar-se
begin began begun começar
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Forma base
Passado 
simples
Particípio 
passado
Tradução
behold beheld beheld contemplar
bend bent bent curvar
bet bet bet apostar
bid bid bid oferecer, fazer uma oferta
bind bound bound unir, encadernar, obrigar-se
bite bit bitten morder
blow blew blown assoprar, explodir
break broke broken quebrar
breed bred bred procriar, reproduzir
bring brought brought trazer
broadcast broadcast / ed broadcast / ed irradiar, transmitir (sinal de rádio ou TV)
build built built construir
buy bought bought comprar
cast cast cast atirar, deitar
catch caught caught pegar, capturar
choose chose chosen escolher
come came come vir
cost cost cost custar
cut cut cut cortar
deal dealt dealt negociar, tratar
dig dug dug cavar
do did done fazer
draw drew drawn tracionar, desenhar
drink drank drunk beber
drive drove driven dirigir, ir de carro
eat ate eaten comer
fall fell fallen cair
feed fed fed alimentar
feel felt felt sentir, sentir-se
fight fought fought lutar
find found found achar, encontrar
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Forma base
Passado 
simples
Particípio 
passado
Tradução
fly flew flown voar, pilotar
forget forgot
forgot, 
forgotten
esquecer
forgive forgave forgiven perdoar
freeze froze frozen congelar, paralisar
get got gotten, got obter
give gave given dar
go went gone ir
grind ground ground moer
grow grew grown crescer, cultivar
have had had ter, beber, comer
hear heard heard ouvir
hide hid hidden esconder
hit hit hit bater
hold held held segurar
hurt hurt hurt machucar
keep kept kept guardar, manter
know knew known saber, conhecer
lay laid laid
colocar em posição horizontal, 
assentar
lead led led liderar
leave left left deixar, partir
lend lent lent dar emprestado
let let let deixar, alugar
lie lay lain deitar
lose lost lost perder, extraviar
make made made fazer, fabricar
mean meant meant significar, querer dizer
meet met met encontrar, conhecer
overcome overcame overcome superar
pay paid paid pagar
put put put colocar
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Forma base
Passado 
simples
Particípio 
passado
Tradução
quit quit quit abandonar
read read read ler
ride rode ridden andar (de bicicleta, moto, a cavalo)
ring rang rung tocar (campainha, etc.)
rise rose risen subir, erguer-se
run ran run correr, concorrer, dirigir
saw sawed sawn serrar
say said said dizer
see saw seen ver
seek sought sought procurar obter, objetivar
sell sold sold vender
send sent sent mandar
set set set
pôr em determinada condição, marcar, 
ajustar
shake shook shaken sacudir, tremer
shine shone shone brilhar, reluzir
shoot shot shot atirar, alvejar
show showed shown mostrar, exibir
shut shut shut fechar, cerrar
sing sang sung cantar
sink sank sunk afundar, submergir
sit sat sat sentar
sleep slept slept dormir
slide slid slid deslizar, escorregar
speak spoke spoken falar
spend spent spent gastar
spin spun spun fiar, rodopiar
split split split rachar, dividir
spread spread spread espalhar
spring sprang sprung fazer saltar
stand stood stood parar de pé, aguentar
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Forma base
Passado 
simples
Particípio 
passado
Tradução
steal stole stolen roubar
stick stuck stuck cravar, fincar, enfiar
sting stung stung picar (inseto)
strike struck struck golpear, desferir, atacar
swear swore sworn jurar, prometer, assegurar
sweep swept swept varrer
swim swam swumnadar
swing swung swung balançar, alternar
take took taken tomar
teach taught taught ensinar, dar aula
tear tore torn rasgar, despedaçar
tell told told dizer, contar
think thought thought pensar
throw threw thrown atirar, arremessar
understand understood understood entender
upset upset upset desarranjar, perturbar, impedir
wear wore worn vestir, usar, gastar
win won won vencer, ganhar
wind wound wound enrolar, rodar, dar corda
write wrote written escrever, redigir
FC
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Glossary
A
abash – embaraçar, complicar 
according to – de acordo com 
account – conta 
achieve – alcançar, concluir com êxito 
achievement – realização, façanha 
across – no outro lado de, para o outro 
lado de 
act [v.] – agir 
act – ato; lei, decreto 
actually – na verdade, realmente 
Adam’s apple – pomo de adão 
addition – adição 
address – endereço 
address book – livro de endereço, 
agenda 
advantage – vantagem 
advice [subst.] – conselho 
advisable – aconselhável 
advise [v.] – aconselhar, recomendar 
afraid – receoso, apreensivo; com medo 
(I’m afraid you can’t... – lamento que 
você não possa...) 
after – depois de (temporal); atrás de (posição) 
after all – afinal de contas 
afternoon – tarde (o turno da tarde) 
again – novamente 
age – idade 
ago – atrás (no sentido temporal) 
agree – concordar 
alarm – alarme 
alarm clock – despertador 
all right – certo, correto 
among – entre, no meio de 
ankle(s) – tornozelo(s) 
another – um outro, uma outra 
answer [v.] – responder; atender (porta, 
telefone, etc.) 
answer – resposta 
apart – separado(a)(s) 
apologize – pedir desculpas 
appeal – apelar, evocar 
appear – aparecer 
appointment – compromisso, consulta, 
encontro, entrevista 
are – és, estás, é, está, somos, estamos, 
sois, estais, são, estão [verbo to be] 
area – área 
armchair – poltrona 
around – ao redor (de), em volta (de); 
aproximadamente, por volta de 
arrange – organizar 
arrive – chegar 
as [conj.] – como, conforme; enquanto; à 
medida que; tão, quanto; assim como; pois 
as a matter of fact – na realidade 
as for – quanto a 
as soon as – logo que 
as well as – assim como, bem como 
ash – cinza 
at the moment – no momento 
at the same time – ao mesmo tempo 
at the time of – por ocasião de 
ate – s.p. de to eat 
attentive – atento(a)(s) 
aunt – tia 
autumn – outono 
available – disponível 
B
back – costas 
back – de volta, trás 
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background – experiência, prática, 
trabalho realizado, histórico 
backyard – quintal 
badly – mal (adv.) 
balcony – varanda 
barbecue – churrasco 
barber – barbeiro 
basement – porão 
basket – cesta, cesto 
bat – morcego 
bath – banho 
bathtub – banheira 
bay – baía 
be – ser, estar 
be able – ser capaz de, poder 
be awakened – ser despertado 
be born – nascer 
be in – estar (em casa, no escritório, etc.) 
be out – estar fora (contrário de be in) 
be sure – estar certo, ter certeza 
be up to – estar à altura de 
bear – gerar, carregar no ventre 
bear with – ter paciência com 
beat – bater; vencer 
became – s.p. de to become 
because of – por causa de 
bedside table – criado-mudo, mesa de 
cabeceira 
bedtime – hora de dormir, hora de ir para 
cama 
before – antes de (temporal); diante de 
(posição) 
began – s.p. de to begin 
begin – começar 
behind – atrás (de) 
behind schedule – atrasado, aquém do 
horário 
blind – cego 
blindness – cegueira 
block – quarteirão 
blown – p.p. de to blow 
bore – aborrecer 
born – nascer 
borrow – tomar emprestado 
both – ambos, ambas 
bought – s.p. e p.p. de to buy 
bracelet – pulseira 
bracket – colchetes 
brain – cérebro 
bright – claro, brilhante 
brightness – brilho, claridade 
burglar – assaltante, arrombador 
bush – arbusto 
butter – manteiga 
buy – comprar 
buzz – zumbir 
by the age of – por volta (antes) da idade de 
by the end of – no máximo até (tempo) 
by the way – a propósito
C
cabinet – armário 
cage – gaiola 
calf (pl. calves) – panturrilha 
call [v.] – chamar; telefonar 
called – chamado(a)(s) 
came – s.p. de to come 
can – poder, ter habilidade para 
cap – boné; tampa (de proteção) 
cape – cabo (acidente geográfico) 
capital – capital; letra maiúscula 
card – cartão; carteira (de identidade, etc.) 
cardinal – cardinal (cardinal number) 
cards – baralho, cartas 
care – cuidado, atenção (take care of – 
cuidar de) 
career – carreira 
cell – célula; cela, cadeia, prisão 
century – século 
certain – certo(a)(s) 
certainly – pois não, certamente 
chain – cadeia, corrente 
chair – cadeira 
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challenge [v.] – desafiar 
challenge – desafio 
change [v.] – mudar, trocar 
change – mudança, troca, troco 
character – caractere 
characteristic – característica; caráter 
charming – charmoso(a)(s), encantador(a)(s) 
chart – quadro, gráfico, mapa, tabela 
cheap – barato(a)(s) 
chin – queixo 
city hall – câmara municipal, prefeitura 
clink – tinir, fazer retinar 
clock – relógio (não de pulso) 
clothes – roupa(s) 
clothing – roupa, roupas, vestimenta(s) 
cloud – nuvem 
cloudy – nublado 
clue – pista 
coach – carruagem; treinador, técnico 
crop – plantação, safra 
cross [v.] – cruzar, atravessar 
cross – cruz 
crossword (puzzle) – palavras cruzadas 
cue – dica, palpite, pista, sugestão 
cup – xícara, taça, copa, cálice 
curtain – cortina 
customer – cliente, freguês 
cut – cortar 
cute – atraente, gracioso(a)(s)
D
daily – diário(a)(s) 
dangerous – perigoso(a)(s) 
dark – escuro(a)(s) 
darkness – escuridão 
darling – querido(a) 
date [v.] – fazer programa com, sair com 
(namorados ou paqueras) 
date – data; encontro, programa 
(namorados ou paqueras) 
daughter – filha (mulher) 
daughter-in-law – nora 
deaf – surdo 
deafness – surdez 
deal - dealt - dealt [v.] – lidar, tratar, 
negociar 
dear – caro(a), querido(a), prezado(a) 
death – morte 
decade – década 
decease – falecer 
deceased – falecido, finado 
deep – fundo, profundo 
deeply – profundamente
defend – defender 
defining clause – oração adjetiva 
restritiva 
degree – grau 
delay [v.] – atrasar, demorar 
delay – demora, atraso 
demand – exigir, demandar 
departure – saída, partida, decolagem 
disagreement – discordância, desacordo 
discard [v.] – descartar, jogar fora 
discount – (de) desconto 
discourse marker – marcador discursivo 
discrete – discreto(a) 
disease – doença, enfermidade, mal 
dish – prato 
dishwasher – máquina de lavar louças 
dislike [subst.] – aversão, desinclinação, 
antipatia, desgosto 
dismiss [v.] – demitir, dispensar 
distinguish – distinguir 
do [v.] – fazer (sentido genérico) 
E
e.g. – exempli gratia – por exemplo 
each – cada 
each other – um ao outro (reciprocidade) 
early – cedo 
104 one hundred four
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earn – ganhar, obter em troca de trabalho 
effort – esforço 
either – igualmente não 
elbow – cotovelo 
elementary – elementar, primário 
else – outro, mais, diferente 
elusive – indefinido, ardiloso 
embarrass – embaraçar, complicar, 
dificultar 
endangered – em perigo, em extinção 
endear [v.] – valorizar, encarecer 
engagement – engajamento, 
compromisso; noivado 
enjoy – gostar, curtir, aproveitar, divertir-se 
enjoy oneself – divertir-se, aproveitar 
enjoyment – prazer, alegria, recreação 
enough – bastante, suficiente(mente) 
entertain [v.] – entreter, divertir 
environment – ambiente, meio ambiente 
eve – véspera 
even – até mesmo 
even if – mesmo que / se, ainda que 
even though – ainda que, embora, 
mesmo que 
excuse [v.] – desculpar 
excuse me – expressão usada antes 
de dirigirmos a palavra a alguém (com 
licença) 
expensive – caro(a)(s) 
experience – experiência 
eyelid – pálpebra
F
face [v.] – encarar, enfrentar 
face – rosto, face 
fair – justo, limpo, cortês, honesto 
fairy tale – conto de fada 
faith – fé, crença, convicção 
fall [v.] – cair (fall in love with – 
apaixonar-se por) 
fall – outono; queda;cachoeira 
fallen – p.p. de to fall 
farewell – despedida 
farm – fazenda 
farther – mais longe (comparativo) 
farthest – mais longe (superlativo) 
fast [v.] – jejuar 
fasting – jejum 
fatherhood – paternidade 
father-in-law – sogro 
feather – pena 
flight – voo 
flock [v.] – andar em bandos, reunir-se 
flown – p.p. de to fly 
fluent – fluente 
flute – flauta 
fly [v.] – voar; viajar de avião 
follicle – folículo 
formerly – no passado, antigamente 
forsake [v.] – renunciar a, desistir de; 
abandonar 
fortunate – afortunado, feliz, venturoso, 
próspero 
fortunately – felizmente 
forty – quarenta 
found – fundar 
found – s.p. e p.p. de to find 
founder – fundador 
from now on – de agora em diante 
furniture – mobília, móveis 
further – mais longe (comparativo) 
further to this – além disso 
furthest – mais longe (superlativo) 
G
gale force winds – ventos fortes 
garbage – lixo, refugo, sobras 
garden – jardim 
garlic – alho 
gate – portão 
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gave – s.p. de to give 
get dressed – vestir-se, aprontar-se, 
trocar de roupa 
get married – casar-se 
get over – superar, recuperar 
get up – levantar-se, acordar 
get used to – acostumar-se a 
glad – contente, alegre, satisfeito 
go aboard – embarcar 
go back – voltar (ir de volta) 
go in – entrar 
go off – disparar 
go out – sair, ir passear 
go shopping – sair para fazer compras 
go through – passar por 
go to bed – ir para cama, ir dormir 
go up – subir 
go with – combinar, ser compatível 
goal – meta, objetivo, gol 
GPS – Global Positioning System – 
sistema de navegação e localização por 
satélite 
grace – graça, beleza, encanto 
greed – ganância, voracidade 
greeting – cumprimento 
grew – s.p. de to grow 
grid – grade 
grief – aflição, mágoa, pesar, dor, revés 
grow [v.] – crescer; cultivar 
growth – crescimento 
guarantee – garantir 
guest – convidado; hóspede 
guy – cara, rapaz, sujeito 
H
handball – jogo de handebol 
handle – maçaneta; alça 
happen [v.] – acontecer 
hardly ever – quase nunca 
hate [v.] – odiar, detestar 
I
I [pron.] – eu 
I mean – ou seja, quer dizer 
I myself – eu mesmo 
I think so – eu acho que sim 
ice cream shop – sorveteria 
if you please – se você quiser 
I’m afraid (that) – receio que 
imply – implicar, envolver, encerrar 
impression – imitação 
improve – melhorar 
indeed – na verdade, de fato 
ingenious – engenhoso, inventivo 
inhabitant – habitante 
in-laws – parentes por afinidade (pais do 
cônjuge) 
inside – lado de dentro, do lado de dentro 
inside out – pelo avesso 
insight – discernimento, compreensão 
clara da natureza íntima de uma coisa 
invitation – convite 
invite – convidar 
invite in – convidar para entrar 
itch – coceira 
itself – ele mesmo, ela mesma (neutro)
hate – ódio 
headache – dor de cabeça 
health – saúde 
healthy – saudável, com saúde 
hear [v.] – ouvir 
hearing – audição 
heart – coração 
height – altura 
held – s.p. e p.p. de to hold 
helpful – útil, que ajuda 
helping hand – uma mão (ajuda) 
high – alto(a)(s), elevado(a)(s) 
highlight – destaque 
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J
jail – cadeia, prisão, cárcere 
jailer – carcereiro 
jeweler – joalheiro 
jog – fazer cooper, correr lentamente 
join – juntar(-se) (a), fazer companhia 
joy – alegria, prazer, júbilo, felicidade 
K
keep [v.] – guardar, manter(-se), ficar com 
kept – s.p. e p.p. de to keep 
keyboardist – tecladista 
kidney – rim 
kilo – quilo 
kilometer – quilômetro 
kind – tipo; bondoso(a)(s) 
kindergarten – jardim da infância 
kingdom – reino 
kitten – gatinho 
knee – joelho 
knowledge – conhecimento(s) 
L
lake – lago 
land [v.] – aterrissar 
land – terra (on land – em terra) 
landform – relevo, acidente geográfico 
language school – escola de línguas 
laptop – computador de colo 
large – grande(s) 
larger – maior 
law – lei 
lawn – gramado 
lawyer – advogado(a) 
lay [v.] – pôr, deitar (transitive); pôr (ovos) 
layer – camada 
laziness – preguiça 
lazy – preguiçoso(a)(s) 
lead [v.] – conduzir, liderar, levar 
leader – líder, condutor, comandante, guia 
leap – pulo, salto 
leap year – ano bissexto 
learn – aprender 
learned – culto(a)(s), instruído(a)(s) 
least – menos (at least – pelo menos) 
leave [v.] – sair, deixar 
lecture – conferência, palestra 
leg – perna 
legally – legalmente 
lend [v.] – emprestar 
length – comprimento 
likewise – do mesmo modo, igualmente 
limb – membro (braço, perna, etc.) 
loan – empréstimo 
lock [v.] – trancar 
log on – entrar no sistema, estabelecer 
conexão na internet 
loneliness – solidão 
lonely – solitário(a)(s) 
look [noun] – aparência 
look [v.] – olhar, observar, contemplar, 
considerar, prestar atenção 
loud – alto, sonoro 
love at first sight – amor à primeira vista 
lovely – adorável, encantador(a) 
low – baixo(a)(s) 
luck – sorte 
lunch – almoço 
lunchtime – hora do almoço 
lung – pulmão 
lyrics – letra de música
M
meeting – reunião, encontro 
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N
nap – cochilo, soneca 
narrow – estreito 
near – perto, perto de 
nearly – quase 
neck – pescoço; gargalo 
neither – nem, também não 
nephew – sobrinho 
network – rede, rede de comunicações 
never mind – não tem importância
nevertheless – não obstante, entretanto 
news – novidade ou novidades, notícia ou 
notícias 
news stand – banca de revistas 
newspaper – jornal 
next – próximo(a)(s) 
nice – simpático(a), bom, boa, legal, gentil 
nice meeting you – prazer em conhecê-
lo(a) 
nice to meet you – prazer em conhecê-
lo(a) 
niece – sobrinha 
no one – ninguém 
no way – de jeito nenhum 
nobody – ninguém 
noise – barulho 
noisy – barulhento 
non-defining clause – oração adjetiva 
explicativa 
none – nenhum(a) 
O
o’clock – expressão usada para dizer 
horas cheias (sem minutos) 
oblige – obrigar 
on a diet – de dieta 
on account of – por conta de, devido a, 
por causa de 
on and on – continuamente, sem parar, 
ininterruptamente 
on business – a negócio, a trabalho 
on the basis of – com base em 
on the internet – na internet 
on the left – à esquerda 
on the one hand – por um lado 
on the part of – por parte de 
on the right – à direita 
on the whole – no geral 
on the contrary – pelo contrário 
on time – na hora, pontual 
on vacation – de férias 
once – uma vez 
once in a while – de vez em quando 
one another – uns aos outros 
onion – cebola 
onto – para cima de 
order [v.] – ordenar, fazer um pedido 
order – ordem; pedido 
orphanhood – orfandade 
otherwise – senão, caso contrário 
ourselves – nós mesmos 
out of sight – longe dos olhos, longe da 
visão 
melt [v.] – fundir, derreter, dissolver 
merchant – mercante 
merry – alegre, divertido 
merrymaking – folia, folguedo 
might – pode, poderia (imp. de may - 
modal) 
mild – suave, brando, leve 
milestone – eventos marcantes da vida 
misfortune – infortúnio, azar 
noon – meio-dia 
north – norte 
not at all – de forma alguma 
notice – notar 
noun – substantivo 
nowadays – atualmente, hoje em dia 
nurse – enfermeiro(a)
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outcome – resultado 
outrun – correr mais que outro 
outside – lado de fora, do lado de fora 
oven – forno 
over – acima de (perpendicularmente 
acima) 
over – mais de, acima de (com valores) 
over the last... – no(s) último(s)... 
over there – ali, lá, bem ali 
over time – no decorrer do tempo 
overlook – contemplar do alto; dar (para 
alguma vista); ignorar, passar por cima, 
fazer vista grossa 
oversleep – dormir demais, passar da 
hora 
overtime – serão, horas extras 
owe – dever, ter dívida, ter que pagar 
own [v.] – possuir 
owner – proprietário(a)(s) 
P
pack [v.] – arrumar malas, empacotar; 
comprimir 
pain – dor 
paint [v.] – pintar
painter – pintor(a) 
painting – pintura 
pair – par 
pan – panela 
pantry – despensa 
pants (sempre plural) – calça comprida 
pardon? / sorry? – usadas para 
pedirmos a alguém que repita o que não 
entendemos. 
park [v.] – estacionar 
park – parqueparking lot – estacionamento 
partner – sócio(a), parceiro(a) 
partnership – sociedade, parceria 
pattern – modelo, exemplo 
peel – descascar 
perch [v.] – empoleirar-se, pousar 
perform [v.] – realizar, levar a cabo; fazer, 
executar, desempenhar 
performance – desempenho 
Physical Education – educação física 
pick [v.] – colher, apanhar (frutas, flores, 
etc.) 
pick up – apanhar (passageiros) 
pill – pílula, comprimido 
pillow – almofada, travesseiro 
pioneer – pioneiro 
pity – pena, dó 
place [v.] – colocar, pôr 
place – lugar 
plate – prato 
play a role – desempenhar um papel 
player – jogador 
pleased to meet you – prazer em 
conhecê-lo(a) 
provide – fornecer, prover 
provided that – contanto que, desde que 
provider – fornecedor, provedor, 
prestador (serviços) 
provoke – provocar 
puddle – poça 
pumpkin – abóbora, jerimum 
purse – bolsa 
put on – vestir, calçar 
puzzle – quebra-cabeça, enigma 
Q
qualify – qualificar 
quantifier – quantificador 
quarter – quarto (fração), período de 15 
minutos 
quotation – citação
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R
race – corrida 
raise [subst.] – aumento 
raise [v.t.] – levantar (como verbo 
transitivo); criar (filhos ou animais) 
raise in pay – aumento de salário 
ran – s.p. de to run 
rang – s.p. de to ring 
range – alcance; cordilheira 
rarely – raramente 
reach [v.] – alcançar, atingir, chegar a 
ready – pronto(a)(s) 
realize [v.] – entender claramente, 
perceber, constatar 
really – realmente 
reason – razão 
receipt – recibo 
receive [v.] – receber 
recently – recentemente 
reply [v.] – responder 
reply – resposta 
report [v.] – relatar, reportar 
report – relatório
request – pedido, solicitação, requisição 
rest [v.] – descansar 
rest – resto, restante 
retell [v.] – recontar 
retina – retina 
retire – aposentar-se 
retired – aposentado(a)(s) 
road – estrada 
rob [v.] – roubar, pilhar, despojar 
robber – ladrão, assaltante 
rod – bastonete (receptor fotossensível da 
retina) 
row – fileira 
rule – regra, norma 
ruler – régua 
run away – fugir 
run off – imprimir (cópias), tirar cópias 
S
same as – (o) mesmo que, igual a 
sand – areia 
sandal – sandália 
satisfy [v.] – satisfazer 
Saturday – sábado 
scratch – coçar, arranhar 
season – estação do ano 
seasonal – sazonal, relativo a estação ou 
temporada 
see you later – até mais tarde 
see you tomorrow – até amanhã 
seem – parecer 
seen – p.p. de to see 
seldom – raramente 
self-sufficient – autossuficiente 
sell [v.] – vender 
send [v.] – enviar 
sense – sentido 
shelf (pl. shelves) – prateleira 
ship – navio 
shortly after – logo após 
shorts – calças curtas, bermuda, short 
should [aux. modal] – devo, deve, 
deveria, etc. 
shoulder – ombro 
stool – banquinho 
store – loja; armazém 
storm – tempestade 
stove – fogão 
stroke – golpe 
strong – forte(s) 
subject – sujeito; matéria escolar; assunto 
such – tanto, tanta 
such as – tal como, tais como 
suit [v.] – ajustar-se, ficar bem 
suit – terno 
suitcase – mala de viagem 
sung – p.p. de to sing 
sustain [v.] – sustentar 
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T
tactile – tátil 
tag – etiqueta, identificação, crachá; 
final, apêndice (tag question – pergunta 
pequena de arremate.) 
take advantage of – aproveitar, tirar 
vantagem de 
take care of – cuidar de 
take off – decolar; tirar algo de cima de 
uma superfície 
take part in – tomar parte de, participar de 
take your time – fique à vontade (use o 
tempo que quiser) 
taste [v.] – provar (no sentido de sentir o 
paladar); parecer (no paladar) 
teapot – bule de chá 
teen years – adolescência 
teenager – adolescente 
that is why... – razão pela qual, essa é a 
razão... 
that’s why – é por isso que 
thee – forma poética ou bíblica para o 
pron. oblíquo “thou” – you 
theoretical – teórico(a)(s) 
therapy – terapia 
thick – grosso(a)(s), espesso(a)(s) 
thief (pl. thieves) – ladrão 
thigh – coxa 
thin – magro(a)(s) 
thinker – pensador, filósofo 
thirsty – com sede (sedento) 
though (although) – embora 
thought [subst.] – pensamento 
thought – s.p. e p.p. de to think 
thoughtless – irrefletido, imprudente, 
descuidado 
thoughtlessly – irrefletidamente, de forma 
não pensada 
thousand – milhar 
threw – s.p. de to throw 
throat – garganta 
through – por, por entre, pelo meio de 
throughout – por tudo, do começo ao fim 
throw [v.] – arremessar, jogar 
thrown – p.p. de to throw 
thus – desse modo, assim
tie [v.] – ligar, atar 
tie – gravata 
tin – estanho 
tired – cansado(a)(s) 
to the sound of – ao som de 
toast [v.] – brindar 
toast – brinde 
toast – torrada 
toe – artelho (dedo do pé) 
ton – tonelada 
tongue – língua 
tonight – hoje à noite 
took – s.p. de to take 
tool – ferramenta 
tooth [pl. teeth] – dente 
toothpaste – pasta de dentes 
torso – tronco, busto 
touch – tato 
towel – toalha 
trachea – traqueia 
two-story house – casa de dois andares 
type – tipo
U
umbilicus – umbigo 
umbrella – guarda-chuva, sombrinha, 
guarda-sol 
uncle – tio 
uncommon – incomum 
underpinning – suporte, fundamento, base 
undo [v.] – desfazer 
unemployed – desempregado(a)(s) 
unexpected – inesperado(a)(s), 
imprevisto(a)(s) 
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Z
zone – zona 
zoo – zoológico
V
vary – variar 
vase – vaso 
vast – vasto(a)(s), imenso(a)(s) 
very [adv. intensidade] – muito 
vessel – vaso, veia, artéria 
view – vista, paisagem (point of view – 
ponto de vista) 
visa – visto (passaporte) 
vowel – vogal
W
waiter – garçom 
waitress – garçonete 
wallet – carteira 
wardrobe – guarda-roupa 
warm – morno(a)(s) 
warm-blooded – de sangue quente 
wash [v.] – lavar 
washable – lavável 
waste – desperdiçar 
watch [v.] – assistir, vigiar 
watch – relógio (de pulso) 
watch out – estar alerta, estar atento 
waterfall – cachoeira, catarata 
watermelon – melancia 
weak – fraco(a)(s) 
wealth – riqueza 
weather – tempo (meteorológico), 
condições climáticas 
weatherman – meteorologista 
wedding – casamento (cerimônia) 
weigh [v.] – pesar 
weight – peso 
well-being – bem-estar 
what about…? – e quanto a…? 
what else…? – que mais...? 
what time – (a) que horas 
wheel – roda 
whenever – quando quer que 
where – onde 
whereas – enquanto que, ao passo que 
wherever – onde quer que 
Y
yard – jarda (medida de comprimento – 
91,4 cm); pátio, área, terreiro, quintal 
year – ano 
yet – ainda (em negativas) 
you’re welcome – de nada 
yourself – (a) você mesmo, (a) você 
próprio 
yourselves – vocês mesmos
unfilled – não preenchido 
unforgettable – inesquecível 
unfortunate – infeliz, desventurado, 
azarado 
unfortunately – infelizmente 
unless – a menos que 
unsafe – inseguro, arriscado, perigoso 
unscramble [v.] – ordenar, arrumar 
unstressed – átono(a)(s) 
up to now – até agora 
up to the moment – até o momento 
update – atualizar, pôr em dia 
upper – superior, de cima 
ups and downs – altos e baixos 
upstairs – no andar de cima, para o andar 
de cima 
usually – usualmente, habitualmente
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