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Step 1 of 4 4.010E Refer to Figure 4.10 in the textbook. Redraw the circuit by representing the value of resistor and voltage source as shown in Figure 1. R = 10 kΩ + 5 V - Figure 1 Step 2 of 4 The diode has a voltage of 0.7V at Apply Kirchhoff's voltage law to the circuit. 5-0.7 = =0.43x10⁻³ =0.43mA Therefore, the diode current is, Step 3 of 4 The thermal voltage equivalent is, Consider is the voltage at and at = Equation for difference voltage is, Therefore, the voltage across the diode is, Step 4 of 4 (b) The relation for the current is, Where, is the dc source voltage, is the diode voltage, and R is the resistance connected across the diode, R = 10 Substitute 5V for 0.7 V for and 10 kΩ for R in the equation. = Therefore, the diode current and voltage are, and