bismuth-tungstate-silver-sulfide-z-scheme-heterostructure-nanoglue-promotes-wound-healing-through-wound-sealing-and

Prévia do material em texto

Bismuth Tungstate−Silver Sulfide Z‑Scheme Heterostructure
Nanoglue Promotes Wound Healing through Wound Sealing and
Bacterial Inactivation
Liqi Wei, Yining Chen, Xinru Yu, Yan Yan, Hongxiang Liu, Xingyu Cui, Xin Liu, Xiaodong Yang,
Jiaqi Meng, Shuo Yang, Lili Wang, Xizhen Yang, Rui Chen,* and Yan Cheng*
Cite This: ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces 2022, 14, 53491−53500 Read Online
ACCESS Metrics & More Article Recommendations *sı Supporting Information
ABSTRACT: Rapid wound closure and bacterial inactivation are
effective strategies to promote wound healing. Herein, a versatile
nanoglue, bismuth tungstate (Bi2WO6)−silver sulfide (Ag2S) direct Z-
scheme heterostructure nanoparticles (BWOA NPs), was designed to
accelerate wound healing. BWOA NPs’ hollow structure and rough
surface could effectively close wound tissues acting as a barrier between
external bacteria and the wound. More importantly, the unique Z-scheme
heterostructure endows BWOA NPs with an effective electron and hole
separating ability with potent redox potential, where electrons and holes
could effectively react with water and oxygen to produce reactive oxygen
species, leading to a higher antibacterial activity against both endogenous
and external bacteria at the wound site. A series of in vitro and in vivo
biological assessments demonstrated that BWOA NPs could rapidly close
wounds and promote wound healing. With sunlight irradiation, the
inhibiting rates of BWOA NPs against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus are 61.62 ± 2.85 and 73.40 ± 3.28%, respectively.
Also, the wound healing rate in BWOA NP-treated mice is 25.90 ± 5.85% higher than PBS. This design provides a new effective
strategy to promote bacterial inactivation and accelerate wound healing.
KEYWORDS: wound healing, Z-scheme, antibacterial, adhesion, reactive oxygen species
■ INTRODUCTION
The skin is an effective barrier protecting the human body
from noxious outside environmental threats.1 Once the skin is
severely damaged and long exposed to harmful bacteria and
viruses, it will lead to diseases such as ulceration, infection,
sepsis, or even death.2−5 Thus, cutaneous wound healing is
very important for the repair and recovery of tissue function
after injury.6 Recently, certain nanomaterials with particular
physical and chemical properties have been used for treating
cutaneous wounds and accelerate their healing.7−10 Photo-
catalytic antibacterial agents, such as titania,11 graphene
quantum dots,12 copper metal−organic framework hydro-
gels,13,14 and black phosphorus,15,16 have been widely
investigated for their potential to accelerate the wound healing
process due to their excellent photocatalytic antibacterial
activity. However, the ideal nanomaterials should promote
wound healing through various activities. Since bleeding and
bacterial infection are characteristics in the early stage of
wound formation, nanomaterials exhibiting hemostatic (stop
bleeding) and antibacterial properties could be beneficial for
speeding up wound healing.
Rapid wound closure is an effective wound healing strategy
because not only can it stop bleeding but also reduce the risk
of bacterial infection due to decreased wound exposure. Some
adhesives, such as bioinspired medical adhesives,17,18 self-
assembling peptides,19 multifunctional films,20 or polymer-
based hydrogels,21,22 have been designed to this effect.
Recently, a few inorganic nanomaterials, such as iron oxide
and ceria, have been used for wound closure as well due to
their nanobridging effects;23,24 because of the excellent
adhesive performance of biological tissues by silica nano-
particles (NPs), which was reported by Rose et al.,25 our recent
work has shown that a hollow and rough surface can effectively
increase the adhesive performance of ceria NPs.26 Thus, we
speculate that other inorganic NPs with similar morphology
could be used for rapid wound closure.
Received: August 25, 2022
Accepted: November 10, 2022
Published: November 23, 2022
Research Articlewww.acsami.org
© 2022 American Chemical Society
53491
https://doi.org/10.1021/acsami.2c15299
ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces 2022, 14, 53491−53500
D
ow
nl
oa
de
d 
vi
a 
U
N
IV
 R
E
G
I 
D
O
 C
A
R
IR
I 
on
 J
an
ua
ry
 2
7,
 2
02
6 
at
 2
0:
29
:4
2 
(U
T
C
).
Se
e 
ht
tp
s:
//p
ub
s.
ac
s.
or
g/
sh
ar
in
gg
ui
de
lin
es
 f
or
 o
pt
io
ns
 o
n 
ho
w
 to
 le
gi
tim
at
el
y 
sh
ar
e 
pu
bl
is
he
d 
ar
tic
le
s.
https://pubs.acs.org/action/doSearch?field1=Contrib&text1="Liqi+Wei"&field2=AllField&text2=&publication=&accessType=allContent&Earliest=&ref=pdf
https://pubs.acs.org/action/doSearch?field1=Contrib&text1="Yining+Chen"&field2=AllField&text2=&publication=&accessType=allContent&Earliest=&ref=pdf
https://pubs.acs.org/action/doSearch?field1=Contrib&text1="Xinru+Yu"&field2=AllField&text2=&publication=&accessType=allContent&Earliest=&ref=pdf
https://pubs.acs.org/action/doSearch?field1=Contrib&text1="Yan+Yan"&field2=AllField&text2=&publication=&accessType=allContent&Earliest=&ref=pdf
https://pubs.acs.org/action/doSearch?field1=Contrib&text1="Hongxiang+Liu"&field2=AllField&text2=&publication=&accessType=allContent&Earliest=&ref=pdf
https://pubs.acs.org/action/doSearch?field1=Contrib&text1="Xingyu+Cui"&field2=AllField&text2=&publication=&accessType=allContent&Earliest=&ref=pdf
https://pubs.acs.org/action/doSearch?field1=Contrib&text1="Xin+Liu"&field2=AllField&text2=&publication=&accessType=allContent&Earliest=&ref=pdf
https://pubs.acs.org/action/doSearch?field1=Contrib&text1="Xiaodong+Yang"&field2=AllField&text2=&publication=&accessType=allContent&Earliest=&ref=pdf
https://pubs.acs.org/action/doSearch?field1=Contrib&text1="Jiaqi+Meng"&field2=AllField&text2=&publication=&accessType=allContent&Earliest=&ref=pdf
https://pubs.acs.org/action/doSearch?field1=Contrib&text1="Jiaqi+Meng"&field2=AllField&text2=&publication=&accessType=allContent&Earliest=&ref=pdf
https://pubs.acs.org/action/doSearch?field1=Contrib&text1="Shuo+Yang"&field2=AllField&text2=&publication=&accessType=allContent&Earliest=&ref=pdf
https://pubs.acs.org/action/doSearch?field1=Contrib&text1="Lili+Wang"&field2=AllField&text2=&publication=&accessType=allContent&Earliest=&ref=pdf
https://pubs.acs.org/action/doSearch?field1=Contrib&text1="Xizhen+Yang"&field2=AllField&text2=&publication=&accessType=allContent&Earliest=&ref=pdf
https://pubs.acs.org/action/doSearch?field1=Contrib&text1="Rui+Chen"&field2=AllField&text2=&publication=&accessType=allContent&Earliest=&ref=pdf
https://pubs.acs.org/action/doSearch?field1=Contrib&text1="Yan+Cheng"&field2=AllField&text2=&publication=&accessType=allContent&Earliest=&ref=pdf
https://pubs.acs.org/action/showCitFormats?doi=10.1021/acsami.2c15299&ref=pdf
https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/acsami.2c15299?ref=pdf
https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/acsami.2c15299?goto=articleMetrics&ref=pdf
https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/acsami.2c15299?goto=recommendations&?ref=pdf
https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/acsami.2c15299?goto=supporting-info&ref=pdf
https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/acsami.2c15299?fig=abs1&ref=pdf
https://pubs.acs.org/toc/aamick/14/48?ref=pdf
https://pubs.acs.org/toc/aamick/14/48?ref=pdf
https://pubs.acs.org/toc/aamick/14/48?ref=pdf
https://pubs.acs.org/toc/aamick/14/48?ref=pdf
www.acsami.org?ref=pdf
https://pubs.acs.org?ref=pdf
https://pubs.acs.org?ref=pdf
https://doi.org/10.1021/acsami.2c15299?urlappend=%3Fref%3DPDF&jav=VoR&rel=cite-as
https://www.acsami.org?ref=pdf
https://www.acsami.org?ref=pdf
Bacterial inactivation is another effective strategy to promote
wound healing.27 Inorganic nanomaterials, especially semi-
conductor nanomaterials, which can produce photoinduced
electrons and holes to generate reactive oxygen species (ROS)
by light irradiation, have been used as antibacterial agents to
promote wound healing.28,29 However, their antibacterial
efficacy has been limited by the fast recombination of
photoinduced electrons and holes. Forming heterostructures
between two nanomaterials, especially Z-scheme heterostruc-
tures,is a proven effective way to improve their ROS
generation ability since Z-scheme heterostructures could not
only separate photoinduced electrons and holes based on step-
wise energy levels but also better maintain the strong redox
potential of separated electrons and holes compared with
traditional type I and II heterostructures.30,31
Bismuth tungstate (Bi2WO6, abbreviated as BWO) nano-
materials have been used in tumor therapy32,33 and photo-
electric chemical immunosensors34 with excellent biocompat-
ibility. As an N-type semiconductor with a bandgap of ∼2.77
eV,35,36 Bi2WO6 can absorb lightBWO were deduced to be −0.69 eV (0.23 eV) and −0.17 eV
(2.63 eV), respectively. Therefore, when BWO hybridizes with
Ag2S, the electrons in Ag2S would transfer to BWO due to the
Fermi equilibrium, leading to a built-in electric field pointing
Figure 2. Physicochemical characterization of BWOA NPs. (a) TEM
image of BWO NPs. (b) TEM and HRTEM images of BWOA NPs.
(c) STEM and element mapping images of BWOA NPs. (d) XRD
patterns and (e) UV−Vis diffuse reflectance spectra of BWO and
BWOA NPs.
Figure 3. Energy band structures of BWO and Ag2S as well as the formation of a BWOA Z-scheme heterostructure. (a, b) Kubelka−Munk function
deduced from the UV−Vis diffuse reflectance spectra of Ag2S and BWO NPs. (c) Mott−Schottky plots and (d) XPS valence spectra of Ag2S and
BWO NPs. (e) Ag 3d, (f) Bi 4f, and (g) W 4f high-resolution XPS spectra of Ag2S, BWO, and BWOA NPs. (h) Scheme of energy band structures
of Ag2S and BWO NPs and the formation of the BWOA Z-scheme heterostructure.
ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces www.acsami.org Research Article
https://doi.org/10.1021/acsami.2c15299
ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces 2022, 14, 53491−53500
53493
https://pubs.acs.org/doi/suppl/10.1021/acsami.2c15299/suppl_file/am2c15299_si_001.pdf
https://pubs.acs.org/doi/suppl/10.1021/acsami.2c15299/suppl_file/am2c15299_si_001.pdf
https://pubs.acs.org/doi/suppl/10.1021/acsami.2c15299/suppl_file/am2c15299_si_001.pdf
https://pubs.acs.org/doi/suppl/10.1021/acsami.2c15299/suppl_file/am2c15299_si_001.pdf
https://pubs.acs.org/doi/suppl/10.1021/acsami.2c15299/suppl_file/am2c15299_si_001.pdf
https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/acsami.2c15299?fig=fig2&ref=pdf
https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/acsami.2c15299?fig=fig2&ref=pdf
https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/acsami.2c15299?fig=fig2&ref=pdf
https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/acsami.2c15299?fig=fig2&ref=pdf
https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/acsami.2c15299?fig=fig3&ref=pdf
https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/acsami.2c15299?fig=fig3&ref=pdf
https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/acsami.2c15299?fig=fig3&ref=pdf
https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/acsami.2c15299?fig=fig3&ref=pdf
www.acsami.org?ref=pdf
https://doi.org/10.1021/acsami.2c15299?urlappend=%3Fref%3DPDF&jav=VoR&rel=cite-as
from Ag2S to BWO. Furthermore, the high-resolution XPS
spectra of Ag 3d, Bi 4f, and W 4f were analyzed to confirm
BWOA’s formation of a Z-scheme heterostructure. Figure 3e
shows the high-resolution XPS spectra of Ag 3d, with binding
energies at 373.95 and 367.9 eV in Ag2S NPs shown for Ag 3d
5/2 and Ag 3d 3/2, respectively, while in BWOA NPs, these
peaks shift to lower binding energies (373.75 eV for Ag 3d 5/2
and 367.7 eV for Ag 3d 3/2). Meanwhile, the characteristic
peaks of Bi 4f (Figure 3f) and W 4f (Figure 3g) shifted toward
higher binding energies (0.1 eV for Bi 4f and 0.15 eV for W
4f). Generally, such binding energy shifts indicate a strong
interaction between two different components in the
heterostructure interface, implying the formation of a BWOA
heterostructure. More importantly, these shifts indicate that
the electrons would flow from Ag2S to BWOA, further
confirming the formation of a built-in E-field pointing from
Ag2S to BWOA. As shown in Figure 3h, the built-in E-field
between Ag2S and BWO would promote photoinduced
electron transfer from the CB of BWO to VB of Ag2S, proving
the formation of BWOA’s Z-scheme heterostructure, which is
similar to other Z-scheme heterostructures.23,50,51 As a result,
BWO and Ag2S could form a Z-scheme heterostructure, which
assists in the production of photoinduced electrons and holes
with strong redox potential (Figure 3h).
Tissue Adhesive Capability, Sunlight-Triggered ROS
Generation, and Antibacterial Activity of BWOP Z-
Scheme Heterostructure NPs. The tissue adhesive ability of
BWO and BWOA NPs was detected by using them to attach
two pieces of mouse skin. As shown in Figure 4a, both the
physical mixture of BWO and Ag2S (BWO + A) NPs and
BWOA NPs could adhere the two pieces of skin, while
phosphate buffered saline (PBS, pH 7.4) could not, indicating
the adhesive ability of both BWO + A and BWOA NPs.
Moreover, BWOA NPs showed better adhesion than BWO +
A NPs. To further quantify the adhesive effect of BWOA NPs,
the displacement curve of BWO + A and BWOA NPs by the
lap-shear adhesion test is displayed in Figure 4b, which shows
the significantly larger failure force and displacement of both
BWO + A and BWOA NPs compared to PBS, demonstrating
the adhesive ability of these two NPs. In addition, the larger
failure force and displacement of BWOA NPs also indicated
the stronger adhesion ability of BWOA NPs, which may be due
to BWOA’s coarser surface as shown by the TEM images
(Figure 2a).
As proven by the energy band structure (Figure 3h), the
photoinduced electrons in the CB of Ag2S and photoinduced
holes in the VB of BWO could react with oxygen and water to
produce O2·− and OH·, respectively, due to their excellent
separating ability of photoinduced electrons and holes. The
photoluminescence, electrochemical impedance spectra (EIS),
and photocurrent production of BWO and BWOA NPs served
to investigate the separation ability of photoinduced electrons
and holes. As shown in Figure 4c, with an excitation
wavelength of 320 nm, BWO could produce an emission
peak in the visible region at ∼520 nm, however, the intensity of
this emission was weak in BWOA NPs, indicating the excellent
electron−hole separation ability of Z-scheme heterostructures.
Figure 4d and Figure S5 show the EIS spectra and
photocurrents of BWO and BWOA NPs, in which BWOA
showed a smaller semicircle in Nyquist plots and larger
photocurrent than BWO, implying a more efficient charge
separation of Z-scheme heterostructures. Next, the sunlight-
Figure 4. In vitro wound healing ability of BWOA Z-scheme heterostructure NPs. (a) Photos and (b) force−displacement curves for lap joints of
two pieces of mouse skin stuck by 2 μL of PBS, BWOA (100 mg mL−1), or BWO + A (90.6 mg mL−1 for BWO and 9.4 mg mL−1 for Ag2S). (c) PL
and (d) EIS spectra of BWO and BWOA NPs. (e) XTT absorption and (f) APF fluorescence after incubation with PBS, Ag2S (9.4 μg mL−1), BWO
(90.6 μg mL−1), BWOA (100 μg mL−1), and BWO + A (90.6 μg mL−1 for BWO and 9.4 μg mL−1 for Ag2S) with SSR (0.1 W cm−2, 15 min). ESR
spectra of (g) DMPO-O2
•− methanol dispersion and (h) DMPO-OH• aqueous dispersion of Ag2S (9.4 μg mL−1), BWO (90.6 μg mL−1), and
BWOA (100 μg mL−1) with SSR (0.1 W cm−2, 15 min).
ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces www.acsami.org Research Article
https://doi.org/10.1021/acsami.2c15299
ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces 2022, 14, 53491−53500
53494
https://pubs.acs.org/doi/suppl/10.1021/acsami.2c15299/suppl_file/am2c15299_si_001.pdf
https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/acsami.2c15299?fig=fig4&ref=pdf
https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/acsami.2c15299?fig=fig4&ref=pdf
https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/acsami.2c15299?fig=fig4&ref=pdf
https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/acsami.2c15299?fig=fig4&ref=pdf
www.acsami.org?ref=pdf
https://doi.org/10.1021/acsami.2c15299?urlappend=%3Fref%3DPDF&jav=VoR&rel=cite-as
triggered ROS generation ability of BWOA Z-scheme
heterostructure NPs was investigated by 3′-(p-aminophenyl)
fluorescein (APF) and 2,3-bis-(2-methoxy-4-nitro-5-sulfopheh-
yl)-2H-tetrazolium-5-carboxanilide) (XTT), which produces
fluorescence and absorbance when reacting with OH· and
O2·−, respectively. As shown in Figure 4e and Figure S6, with
SSR, only BWOA NPs could induce XTT absorption at 470
nm, while no absorption was detected in either sunlight-
triggered BWO, Ag2S, and BWO + A NPs or in any of these
NPs without SSR, meaning that, due to their stronger
reduction ability, the photoinduced electrons in BWOA Z-
scheme heterostructures could react with O2 to generate O2·−.
Meanwhile, without SSR, no APF fluorescence was generated
when incubating with PBS, Ag2S, BWO, BWO + A, or BWOA
NPs (Figure S7), while BWOA NPs could produce more APF
fluorescence with SSR than BWO + A NPs (Figure 4f),
implying that the photoinduced holes in BWOA Z-scheme
heterostructures could reactwith water to generate OH·. In
addition, the generation of O2·− and OH· species was further
verified by electron spin resonance (ESR) spectra. As shown in
Figures S8 and S9, no ESR signal was detected without SSR.
With SSR, both O2·− and OH· were detected in BWOA NPs,
in which BWOA’s signal intensity was higher than those of
BWO and Ag2S (Figure 4g,h). These results further
demonstrated the excellent O2·− and OH· generation ability
of BWOA Z-scheme heterostructures.
Encouraged by the excellent ROS generation ability detected
in our previous experiments, we investigated BWOA Z-scheme
heterostructure NP’s antibacterial activity against both Gram-
negative Escherichia coli (E. coli) and Gram-positive Staph-
ylococcus aureus (S. aureus). PBS, Ag2S, BWO, BWO + A NPs,
and commercial titanium dioxide (P25) were used as the
control. As shown in Figure 5a, the growth of both Gram-
negative and Gram-positive bacteria was significantly inhibited
by BWOA NPs with SSR; the inhibiting efficacy was higher
than those of other NPs, while bacterial growth was not
inhibited without SSR (Figure S10). The quantitative analysis
of bacterial growth based on the optical images of bacterial
colonies (n = 3) showed inhibiting rates of BWOA NPs against
E. coli and S. aureus of 61.62 ± 2.85% and 73.40 ± 3.28%,
respectively (Figure S11), higher than those of BWO + A NPs
(36.94 ± 5.34% for E. coli and 37.37 ± 2.50% for S. aureus).
We also measured the Ag+ release in BWOA NPs by an
inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometer,
finding that only 3.43 μg mL−1 of Ag+ was released from the
BWOA aqueous solution (600 μg mL−1). More importantly,
the released Ag+ had no antibacterial activity as proven by
antibacterial tests (Figure S9 and Figure 5a), showing that the
antibacterial ability originated from BWOA Z-scheme
heterostructures. Figure 5b and Figure S12 show the live/
dead staining of bacteria after BWO + A and BWOA NP
treatment with SSR, which further confirmed the bacterial
inactivation ability of BWOA Z-scheme heterostructure NPs.
Figure 5. Antibacterial ability of BWOA Z-scheme heterostructure NPs. (a) Optical images of bacterial colonies of E. coli and S. aureus treated with
PBS, Ag2S (56.4 μg mL−1), BWO (543.6 μg mL−1), BWOA (600 μg mL−1), BWO + A (543.6 μg mL−1 for BWO and 56.4 μg mL−1 for Ag2S), and
P25 (600 μg mL−1) for 24 h with SSR (0.1 W cm−2, 15 min). Fluorescence images of (b) live/dead staining and (c) DCF staining (scale bar = 20
μm) of E. coli and S. aureus treated with PBS, BWOA (600 μg mL−1), and BWO + A (543.6 μg mL−1 for BWO and 56.4 μg mL−1 for Ag2S) for 6 h
with SSR (0.1 W cm−2, 15 min). GSH levels of E. coli and S. aureus treated with PBS, BWOA (600 μg mL−1), and BWO + A (543.6 μg mL−1 for
BWO and 56.4 μg mL−1 forAg2S) (d) with or (e) without SSR (0.1 W cm−2, 15 min) (n = 3, *pfacilitating
highly antibacterial activity. As a result, BWOA Z-scheme
heterostructure NPs can act as a multifunctional nanoglue,
which holds great potential for accelerating the wound healing
process based on their rapid wound closure and bacteria
inactivation abilities.
■ EXPERIMENTAL SECTION
Preparation of BWO and BWOA NPs. Bi2O3 templates were
first synthesized through a hydrothermal method. In detail, urea
(0.016 g) and polyvinylpyrrolidone (MW = 10,000, 0.6 g) were
dissolved in ethylene glycol (50 mL), and then, nitric acid solution
(6.28%, 10 mL) containing 0.364 g of bismuth(III) nitrate
pentahydrate was added. After stirring for 30 min, the above solution
was transferred into a 100 mL stainless steel autoclave, sealed, and
heated at 150 °C for 3 h. Finally, Bi2O3 NPs were obtained by
centrifugation, washing with deionized water, and drying at 60 °C.
Next, the collected Bi2O3 NPs were dispersed into deionized water to
form an aqueous solution (4.657 mg mL−1, 14 mL), to which 0.0462
g of sodium tungstate was added and stirred for 30 min. After being
transferred into a 20 mL stainless steel autoclave and heated at 150 °C
for 12 h, hollow BWO NPS were collected by centrifugation, washing,
and drying. Finally, BWAO NPs were obtained by in situ growth of
Ag2S on the surface of Bi2WO6 NPs. Typically, silver nitrate (0.0017
g) was added into BWO dispersions (1 mg mL−1, 30 mL) and stirred
for 30 min, and then, sodium sulfide (0.0015 g) was added and stirred
for another 2 h. The precipitates were collected by centrifugation and
washed with deionized water three times. Finally, BWOA NPs were
obtained after drying at 60 °C for 12 h.
Figure 6. In vivo wound healing ability of BWOA Z-scheme
heterostructure NPs. (a) Images of wounds before and after closure.
The wounds were treated with 20 μL of PBS, BWOA (10 mg mL−1),
and BWO + A (9.06 mg mL−1 for BWO and 0.94 mg mL−1 for Ag2S).
(b) Quantification of wound healing rate expressed as percentage of
the initial wound length (n = 5, **PAgricultural University. First, 1.5 cm-long
transverse full-thickness cutting wounds were made on the back of
mice after anesthetizing. Then, 20 μL of PBS, BWO + A (9.06 mg
mL−1 for BWO and 0.94 mg mL−1 for Ag2S), or BWOA (10 mg
mL−1) NPs were added to the wound site of mice, and both edges of
wounds were pressed with fingers for 30 s and excessive NP solution
was removed. The above mice were divided into two groups, one was
irradiated with simulated sunlight (0.1 W cm−2) for 30 min, and the
other was not. The wounds were measured and photographed every 2
days. After wound healing, the mice were sacrificed and wound tissues
were embedded with paraffin for H&E and Masson’s trichrome
staining.
Statistical Analysis. Quantitative data were expressed as mean ±
standard deviation. Statistical significance was evaluated using the t-
test function in Microsoft Excel. pIntelligent Nanosystem to
Promote Multiple Stages. ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces 2019, 11,
33725−33733.
(9) Leong, L. H.; Hing, G. B.; Learn-Han, L.; Hong, C. L.
Application of Chitosan-based Nanoparticles in Skin Wound Healing.
Asian J. Pharm. Sci. 2022, 17, 299−332.
(10) Yu, R.; Zhang, H.; Guo, B. Conductive Biomaterials as
Bioactive Wound Dressing for Wound Healing and Skin Tissue
Engineering. Nano-Micro Lett. 2022, 14, 1.
(11) Abdel-Fatah, W. I.; Gobara, M. M.; Mustafa, S. F. M.; Ali, G.
W.; Guirguis, O. W. Role of Silver Nanoparticles in Imparting
Antimicrobial Activity of Titanium Dioxide. Mater. Lett. 2016, 179,
190−193.
(12) Nichols, F.; Chen, S. Graphene Oxide Quantum Dot-Based
Functional Nanomaterials for Effective Antimicrobial Applications.
Chem. Rec. 2020, 20, 1505−1515.
(13) Xiao, J.; Chen, S.; Yi, J.; Zhang, H. F.; Ameer, G. A. A
Cooperative Copper Metal-Organic Framework-Hydrogel System
Improves Wound Healing in Diabetes. Adv. Funct. Mater. 2017, 27,
No. 1604872.
(14) Liu, Z.; Tang, W.; Liu, J.; Han, Y.; Yan, Q.; Dong, Y.; Liu, X.;
Yang, D.; Ma, G.; Cao, H. A Novel Sprayable Thermosensitive
Hydrogel Coupled with Zinc Modified Metformin Promotes the
Healing of Skin Wound. Bioact. Mater. 2023, 20, 610−626.
(15) Deng, F.; Wu, P.; Qian, G.; Shuai, Y.; Zhang, L.; Peng, S.;
Shuai, C.; Wang, G. Silver-decorated Black Phosphorus: A Synergistic
Antibacterial Strategy. Nanotechnology 2022, 33, 245708.
(16) Naskar, A.; Kim, K. S. Black Phosphorus Nanomaterials as
Multi-potent and Emerging Platforms Against Bacterial Infections.
Microb. Pathog. 2019, 137, No. 103800.
(17) Deng, J.; Tang, Y.; Zhang, Q.; Wang, C.; Liao, M.; Ji, P.; Song,
J.; Luo, G.; Chen, L.; Ran, X.; Wei, Z.; Zheng, L.; Dang, R.; Liu, X.;
Zhang, H.; Zhang, Y. S.; Zhang, X.; Tan, H. A Bioinspired Medical
Adhesive Derived from Skin Secretion of Andrias Davidianusfor
Wound Healing. Adv. Funct. Mater. 2019, 29, No. 1809110.
ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces www.acsami.org Research Article
https://doi.org/10.1021/acsami.2c15299
ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces 2022, 14, 53491−53500
53498
https://pubs.acs.org/action/doSearch?field1=Contrib&text1="Liqi+Wei"&field2=AllField&text2=&publication=&accessType=allContent&Earliest=&ref=pdf
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2962-0751
https://pubs.acs.org/action/doSearch?field1=Contrib&text1="Yining+Chen"&field2=AllField&text2=&publication=&accessType=allContent&Earliest=&ref=pdf
https://pubs.acs.org/action/doSearch?field1=Contrib&text1="Xinru+Yu"&field2=AllField&text2=&publication=&accessType=allContent&Earliest=&ref=pdf
https://pubs.acs.org/action/doSearch?field1=Contrib&text1="Yan+Yan"&field2=AllField&text2=&publication=&accessType=allContent&Earliest=&ref=pdf
https://pubs.acs.org/action/doSearch?field1=Contrib&text1="Hongxiang+Liu"&field2=AllField&text2=&publication=&accessType=allContent&Earliest=&ref=pdf
https://pubs.acs.org/action/doSearch?field1=Contrib&text1="Xingyu+Cui"&field2=AllField&text2=&publication=&accessType=allContent&Earliest=&ref=pdf
https://pubs.acs.org/action/doSearch?field1=Contrib&text1="Xin+Liu"&field2=AllField&text2=&publication=&accessType=allContent&Earliest=&ref=pdf
https://pubs.acs.org/action/doSearch?field1=Contrib&text1="Xiaodong+Yang"&field2=AllField&text2=&publication=&accessType=allContent&Earliest=&ref=pdf
https://pubs.acs.org/action/doSearch?field1=Contrib&text1="Jiaqi+Meng"&field2=AllField&text2=&publication=&accessType=allContent&Earliest=&ref=pdf
https://pubs.acs.org/action/doSearch?field1=Contrib&text1="Shuo+Yang"&field2=AllField&text2=&publication=&accessType=allContent&Earliest=&ref=pdf
https://pubs.acs.org/action/doSearch?field1=Contrib&text1="Lili+Wang"&field2=AllField&text2=&publication=&accessType=allContent&Earliest=&ref=pdf
https://pubs.acs.org/action/doSearch?field1=Contrib&text1="Xizhen+Yang"&field2=AllField&text2=&publication=&accessType=allContent&Earliest=&ref=pdf
https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/acsami.2c15299?ref=pdf
https://doi.org/10.1098/rsif.2006.0179
https://doi.org/10.1098/rsif.2006.0179
https://doi.org/10.1098/rsif.2006.0179
https://doi.org/10.1126/scitranslmed.3009337
https://doi.org/10.1126/scitranslmed.3009337
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.suc.2010.08.003
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaad.2015.08.070
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaad.2015.08.070
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaad.2015.08.070
https://doi.org/10.12968/jowc.2019.28.7.446
https://doi.org/10.12968/jowc.2019.28.7.446
https://doi.org/10.1557/mrs2010.528
https://doi.org/10.1557/mrs2010.528
https://doi.org/10.1557/mrs2010.528
https://doi.org/10.1007/s10965-021-02870-x
https://doi.org/10.1007/s10965-021-02870-x
https://doi.org/10.1007/s10965-021-02870-x
https://doi.org/10.1021/acsami.9b13267?urlappend=%3Fref%3DPDF&jav=VoR&rel=cite-as
https://doi.org/10.1021/acsami.9b13267?urlappend=%3Fref%3DPDF&jav=VoR&rel=cite-as
https://doi.org/10.1021/acsami.9b13267?urlappend=%3Fref%3DPDF&jav=VoR&rel=cite-as
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ajps.2022.04.001
https://doi.org/10.1007/s40820-021-00751-y
https://doi.org/10.1007/s40820-021-00751-y
https://doi.org/10.1007/s40820-021-00751-y
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matlet.2016.05.063
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matlet.2016.05.063
https://doi.org/10.1002/tcr.202000090
https://doi.org/10.1002/tcr.202000090
https://doi.org/10.1002/adfm.201604872
https://doi.org/10.1002/adfm.201604872
https://doi.org/10.1002/adfm.201604872
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bioactmat.2022.06.008
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bioactmat.2022.06.008
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bioactmat.2022.06.008
https://doi.org/10.1088/1361-6528/ac5aee
https://doi.org/10.1088/1361-6528/ac5aee
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.micpath.2019.103800
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.micpath.2019.103800
https://doi.org/10.1002/adfm.201809110
https://doi.org/10.1002/adfm.201809110
https://doi.org/10.1002/adfm.201809110
www.acsami.org?ref=pdf
https://doi.org/10.1021/acsami.2c15299?urlappend=%3Fref%3DPDF&jav=VoR&rel=cite-as
(18) Ates, B.; Koytepe, S.; Karaaslan, M. G.; Balcioglu, S.; Gulgen,
S.; Demirbilek, M.; Denkbas, E. B. Chlorogenic Acid Containing
Bioinspired Polyurethanes: Biodegradable Medical Adhesive Materi-
als. Int. J. Polym. Mater. Polym. Biomater. 2015, 64, 611−619.
(19) Ellis-Behnke, R. G.; Liang, Y.-X.; Tay, D. K. C.; Kau, P. W. F.;
Schneider, G. E.; Zhang, S.; Wu, W.; So, K. F. Nano Hemostat
Solution: Immediate Hemostasis at the Nanoscale. Nanomedicine
2006, 2, 207−215.
(20) Weng, W.; Chi, J.; Yu, Y.; Zhang, C.; Shi, K.; Zhao, Y.
Multifunctional Composite Inverse Opal Film with Multiactives for
Wound Healing. ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces 2021, 13, 4567−4573.
(21) Yang, B.; Song, J.; Jiang, Y.; Li, M.; Wei, J.; Qin, J.; Peng, W.;
Lasaosa, F. L.; He, Y.; Mao, H.; Yang, J.; Gu, Z. Injectable Adhesive
Self-Healing Multicross-Linked Double-Network Hydrogel Facilitates
Full-Thickness Skin Wound Healing. ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces
2020, 12, 57782−57797.
(22) Fan, L.; He, Z.; Peng, X.; Xie, J.; Su, F.; Wei, D. X.; Zheng, Y.;
Yao, D. Injectable, Intrinsically Antibacterial Conductive Hydrogels
with Self-Healing and PH Stimulus Responsiveness for Epidermal
Sensors and Wound Healing. ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces 2021, 13,
53541−53552.
(23) Meddahi-Pellé, A.; Legrand, A.; Marcellan, A.; Louedec, L.;
Letourneur, D.; Leibler, L. Organ repair, Hemostasis, and in Vivo
Bonding of Medical Devices by Aqueous Solutions of Nanoparticles.
Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. Engl. 2014, 53, 6369−6373.
(24) Wu, H.; Li, F.; Wang, S.; Lu, J.; Li, J.; Du, Y.; Sun, X.; Chen, X.;
Gao, J.; Ling, D. Ceria Nanocrystals Decorated Mesoporous Silica
Nanoparticle Based ROS-Scavenging Tissue Adhesive for Highly
Efficient Regenerative Wound Healing. Biomaterials 2018, 151, 66−
77.
(25) Rose, S.; Prevoteau, A.; Elzier̀e, P.; Hourdet, D.; Marcellan, A.;
Leibler, L. Nanoparticle Solutions as Adhesives for Gels and
Biological Tissues. Nature 2014, 505, 382−385.
(26) Ma, X.; Cheng, Y.; Jian, H.; Feng, Y.; Chang, Y.; Zheng, R.; Wu,
X.; Wang, L.; Li, X.; Zhang, H. Hollow, Rough, and Nitric Oxide-
Releasing Cerium Oxide Nanoparticles for Promoting Multiple Stages
of Wound Healing. Adv.Healthcare Mater. 2019, 8, No. 1900256.
(27) Rai, A.; Ferraõ, R.; Marta, D.; Vilaca, A.; Lino, M.; Rondaõ, T.;
Ji, J.; Paiva, A.; Ferreira, L. Antimicrobial Peptide-Tether Dressing
Able to Enhance Wound Healing by Tissue Contact. ACS Appl.
Mater. Interfaces 2022, 14, 24213−24228.
(28) Kim, D. W.; Le, T. M. D.; Lee, S. M.; Kim, H. J.; Ko, Y. J.;
Jeong, J. H.; Thambi, T.; Lee, D. S.; Son, S. U. Microporous Organic
Nanoparticles Anchoring CeO2 Materials: Reduced Toxicity and
Efficient Reactive Oxygen Species-Scavenging for Regenerative
Wound Healing. ChemNanoMat 2020, 6, 1104−1110.
(29) Chen, R.; Wei, L.; Yan, Y.; Chen, G.; Yang, X.; Liu, Y.; Zhang,
M.; Liu, X.; Cheng, Y.; Sun, J.; Wang, L. Bismuth Telluride
Functionalized Bismuth Oxychloride Used for Enhancing Antibacte-
rial Activity and Wound Healing Efficacy with Sunlight Irradiation.
Biomater. Sci. 2022, 10, 467−473.
(30) Cheng, Y.; Kong, X.; Chang, Y.; Feng, Y.; Zheng, R.; Wu, X.;
Xu, K.; Gao, X.; Zhang, H. Spatiotemporally Synchronous Oxygen
Self-Supply and Reactive Oxygen Species Production on Z-Scheme
Heterostructures for Hypoxic Tumor Therapy. Adv. Mater. 2020, 32,
No. e1908109.
(31) Li, H.; Tu, W.; Zhou, Y.; Zou, Z. Z-Scheme Photocatalytic
Systems for Promoting Photocatalytic Performance: Recent Progress
and Future Challenges. Adv. Sci. 2016, 3, No. 1500389.
(32) Wang, S.; Wang, H.; Song, C.; Li, Z.; Wang, Z.; Xu, H.; Yu, W.;
Peng, C.; Li, M.; Chen, Z. Synthesis of Bi2WO6-x Nanodots with
Oxygen Vacancies as an All-in-one Nanoagent for Simultaneous CT/
IR Imaging and Photothermal/Photodynamic Therapy of Tumors.
Nanoscale 2019, 11, 15326−15338.
(33) Zang, Y.; Gong, L.; Mei, L.; Gu, Z.; Wang, Q. Bi2WO6
Semiconductor Nanoplates for Tumor Radiosensitization through
High- Z Effects and Radiocatalysis. ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces 2019,
11, 18942−18952.
(34) Qian, Y.; Feng, J.; Fan, D.; Zhang, Y.; Kuang, X.; Wang, H.;
Wei, Q.; Ju, H. A Sandwich-type Photoelectrochemical Immuno-
sensor for NT-pro BNP Detection Based on F-Bi2WO6/Ag2S and
GO/PDA for Signal Amplification. Biosens. Bioelectron. 2019, 131,
299−306.
(35) Wang, H.; Liu, L.; Wang, Y.; Lin, S.; An, W.; Cui, W.; Liang, Y.
Cu2S Nanoparticles Modified 3D Flowerlike Bi2WO6: Enhanced
Photoelectric Performance and Photocatalytic Degradation. Mater.
Lett. 2015, 160, 351−354.
(36) Opoku, F.; Govender, K. K.; Sittert, C. G. C. E. v.; Govender, P.
P. Insights into the Photocatalytic Mechanism of Mediator-free Direct
Z-scheme g-C3N4/Bi2MoO6(010) and g-C3N4/Bi2WO6(010) Heter-
ostructures: A Hybrid Density Functional Theory Study. Appl. Surf.
Sci. 2018, 427, 487−498.
(37) Yu, C.; Wei, L.; Zhou, W.; Dionysiou, D. D.; Zhu, L.; Shu, Q.;
Liu, H. A Visible-Lght-Driven Core-Shell Like Ag2S@Ag2CO3
Composite Photocatalyst with High Performance in Pollutants
Degradation. Chemosphere 2016, 157, 250−261.
(38) Hu, X.; Li, Y.; Tian, J.; Yang, H.; Cui, H. Highly Efficient Full
Solar Spectrum (UV-Vis-NIR) Photocatalytic Performance of Ag2S
Quantum Dot/TiO2 Nanobelt Heterostructures. J. Ind. Eng. Chem.
2017, 45, 189−196.
(39) Han, R.; Xiao, Y.; Yang, Q.; Pan, M.; Hao, Y.; He, X.; Peng, J.;
Qian, Z. Ag2S Nanoparticle-Mediated Multiple Ablations Reinvigo-
rates the Immune Response for Enhanced Cancer Photo-Immuno-
therapy. Biomaterials 2021, 264, No. 120451.
(40) Shen, Y.; Lifante, J.; Ximendes, E.; Santos, H. D.; Ruiz, D.;
Juárez, B. H.; Gutiérrez, I. Z.; Vera, V. T.; Retama, J. R.; Rodríguez, E.
M.; Ortgies, D. H.; Jaque, D.; Benayas, A.; del Rosal, B. Perspectives
for Ag2S NIR-II Nanoparticles in Biomedicine: from Imaging to
Multifunctionality. Nanoscale 2019, 11, 19251−19264.
(41) Gao, E.; Wang, W.; Shang, M.; Xu, J. Synthesis and Enhanced
Photocatalytic Performance of Graphene-Bi2WO6 Composite. Phys.
Chem. Chem. Phys. 2011, 13, 2887−2893.
(42) Zhang, L.; Yang, M.; Ji, Y.; Xiao, K.; Shi, J.; Wang, L. UCPs/
Zn2GeO4: Mn (2+)/g-C3N4 Heterojunction Engineered Injectable
Thermosensitive Hydrogel for Oxygen Independent Breast Cancer
Neoadjuvant Photodynamic Therapy. Biomater. Sci. 2021, 9, 2124−
2136.
(43) Tang, Q.-Y.; Chen, W.-F.; Lv, Y.-R.; Yang, S.-Y.; Xu, Y.-H. Z-
scheme Hierarchical Cu2S/Bi2WO6 Composites for Improved Photo-
catalytic Activity of Glyphosate Degradation under Visible Light
Irradiation. Sep. Purif. Technol. 2020, 236, No. 116243.
(44) Tao, R.; Li, X.; Li, X.; Liu, S.; Shao, C.; Liu, Y. Discrete
Heterojunction Nanofibers of BiFeO3/Bi2WO6: Novel Architecture
for Effective Charge Separation and Enhanced Photocatalytic
Performance. J. Colloid Interface Sci. 2020, 572, 257−268.
(45) Shiraishi, Y.; Shiota, S.; Hirakawa, H.; Tanaka, S.; Ichikawa, S.;
Hirai, T. Titanium Dioxide/Reduced Graphene Oxide Hybrid
Photocatalysts for Efficient and Selective Partial Oxidation of
Cyclohexane. ACS Catal. 2016, 7, 293−300.
(46) She, P.; Rao, H.; Guan, B.; Qin, J. S.; Yu, J. Spatially Separated
Bifunctional Cocatalysts Decorated on Hollow-Structured TiO2 for
Enhanced Photocatalytic Hydrogen Generation. ACS Appl. Mater.
Interfaces 2020, 12, 23356−23362.
(47) Niu, Y.; Yu, M.; Hartono, S. B.; Yang, J.; Xu, H.; Zhang, H.;
Zhang, J.; Zou, J.; Dexter, A.; Gu, W.; Yu, C. Nanoparticles
Mimicking Viral Surface Topography for Enhanced Cellular Delivery.
Adv. Mater. 2013, 25, 6233−6237.
(48) Qin, F.; Zhao, H.; Li, G.; Yang, H.; Li, J.; Wang, R.; Liu, Y.; Hu,
J.; Sun, H.; Chen, R. Size-tunable Fabrication of Multifunctional
Bi2O3 Porous Nanospheres for Photocatalysis, Bacteria Inactivation
and Template-Synthesis. Nanoscale 2014, 6, 5402−5409.
(49) Xia, P.; Cao, S.; Zhu, B.; Liu, M.; Shi, M.; Yu, J.; Zhang, Y.
Designing a 0D/2D S-Scheme Heterojunction over Polymeric
Carbon Nitride for Visible-Light Photocatalytic Inactivation of
Bacteria. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. Engl. 2020, 59, 5218−5225.
(50) Wang, Y.; Zhao, J.; Chen, Z.; Zhang, F.; Wang, Q.; Guo, W.;
Wang, K.; Lin, H.; Qu, F. Construct of MoSe2/Bi2Se3 Nano-
ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces www.acsami.org Research Article
https://doi.org/10.1021/acsami.2c15299
ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces 2022, 14, 53491−53500
53499
https://doi.org/10.1080/00914037.2014.996710
https://doi.org/10.1080/00914037.2014.996710
https://doi.org/10.1080/00914037.2014.996710
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nano.2006.08.001
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nano.2006.08.001
https://doi.org/10.1021/acsami.0c20805?urlappend=%3Fref%3DPDF&jav=VoR&rel=cite-as
https://doi.org/10.1021/acsami.0c20805?urlappend=%3Fref%3DPDF&jav=VoR&rel=cite-as
https://doi.org/10.1021/acsami.0c18948?urlappend=%3Fref%3DPDF&jav=VoR&rel=cite-as
https://doi.org/10.1021/acsami.0c18948?urlappend=%3Fref%3DPDF&jav=VoR&rel=cite-as
https://doi.org/10.1021/acsami.0c18948?urlappend=%3Fref%3DPDF&jav=VoR&rel=cite-as
https://doi.org/10.1021/acsami.1c14216?urlappend=%3Fref%3DPDF&jav=VoR&rel=cite-as
https://doi.org/10.1021/acsami.1c14216?urlappend=%3Fref%3DPDF&jav=VoR&rel=cite-as
https://doi.org/10.1021/acsami.1c14216?urlappend=%3Fref%3DPDF&jav=VoR&rel=cite-as
https://doi.org/10.1002/anie.201401043
https://doi.org/10.1002/anie.201401043
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biomaterials.2017.10.018
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biomaterials.2017.10.018
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biomaterials.2017.10.018
https://doi.org/10.1038/nature12806
https://doi.org/10.1038/nature12806
https://doi.org/10.1002/adhm.201900256
https://doi.org/10.1002/adhm.201900256
https://doi.org/10.1002/adhm.201900256
https://doi.org/10.1021/acsami.2c06601?urlappend=%3Fref%3DPDF&jav=VoR&rel=cite-as
https://doi.org/10.1021/acsami.2c06601?urlappend=%3Fref%3DPDF&jav=VoR&rel=cite-as
https://doi.org/10.1002/cnma.202000067
https://doi.org/10.1002/cnma.202000067
https://doi.org/10.1002/cnma.202000067
https://doi.org/10.1002/cnma.202000067
https://doi.org/10.1039/D1BM01514A
https://doi.org/10.1039/D1BM01514A
https://doi.org/10.1039/D1BM01514A
https://doi.org/10.1002/advs.201500389
https://doi.org/10.1002/advs.201500389
https://doi.org/10.1002/advs.201500389
https://doi.org/10.1039/C9NR05236D
https://doi.org/10.1039/C9NR05236D
https://doi.org/10.1039/C9NR05236D
https://doi.org/10.1021/acsami.9b03636?urlappend=%3Fref%3DPDF&jav=VoR&rel=cite-ashttps://doi.org/10.1021/acsami.9b03636?urlappend=%3Fref%3DPDF&jav=VoR&rel=cite-as
https://doi.org/10.1021/acsami.9b03636?urlappend=%3Fref%3DPDF&jav=VoR&rel=cite-as
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bios.2019.02.029
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bios.2019.02.029
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bios.2019.02.029
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matlet.2015.07.123
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matlet.2015.07.123
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apsusc.2017.09.019
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apsusc.2017.09.019
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apsusc.2017.09.019
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2016.05.021
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2016.05.021
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2016.05.021
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jiec.2016.09.022
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jiec.2016.09.022
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jiec.2016.09.022
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biomaterials.2020.120451
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biomaterials.2020.120451
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biomaterials.2020.120451
https://doi.org/10.1039/C9NR05733A
https://doi.org/10.1039/C9NR05733A
https://doi.org/10.1039/C9NR05733A
https://doi.org/10.1039/C0CP01749C
https://doi.org/10.1039/C0CP01749C
https://doi.org/10.1039/D0BM01876G
https://doi.org/10.1039/D0BM01876G
https://doi.org/10.1039/D0BM01876G
https://doi.org/10.1039/D0BM01876G
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.seppur.2019.116243
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.seppur.2019.116243
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.seppur.2019.116243
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.seppur.2019.116243
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcis.2020.03.096
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcis.2020.03.096
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcis.2020.03.096
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcis.2020.03.096
https://doi.org/10.1021/acscatal.6b02611?urlappend=%3Fref%3DPDF&jav=VoR&rel=cite-as
https://doi.org/10.1021/acscatal.6b02611?urlappend=%3Fref%3DPDF&jav=VoR&rel=cite-as
https://doi.org/10.1021/acscatal.6b02611?urlappend=%3Fref%3DPDF&jav=VoR&rel=cite-as
https://doi.org/10.1021/acsami.0c04905?urlappend=%3Fref%3DPDF&jav=VoR&rel=cite-as
https://doi.org/10.1021/acsami.0c04905?urlappend=%3Fref%3DPDF&jav=VoR&rel=cite-as
https://doi.org/10.1021/acsami.0c04905?urlappend=%3Fref%3DPDF&jav=VoR&rel=cite-as
https://doi.org/10.1002/adma.201302737
https://doi.org/10.1002/adma.201302737
https://doi.org/10.1039/c3nr06870f
https://doi.org/10.1039/c3nr06870f
https://doi.org/10.1039/c3nr06870f
https://doi.org/10.1002/anie.201916012
https://doi.org/10.1002/anie.201916012
https://doi.org/10.1002/anie.201916012
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biomaterials.2019.119282
www.acsami.org?ref=pdf
https://doi.org/10.1021/acsami.2c15299?urlappend=%3Fref%3DPDF&jav=VoR&rel=cite-as
heterostructure: Multimodal CT/PT Imaging-Guided PTT/PDT/
Chemotherapy for Cancer Treating. Biomaterials 2019, 217,
No. 119282.
(51) Zhu, M.; Sun, Z.; Fujitsuka, M.; Majima, T. Z-Scheme
Photocatalytic Water Splitting on a 2D Heterostructure of Black
Phosphorus/Bismuth Vanadate Using Visible Light. Angew. Chem.,
Int. Ed. Engl. 2018, 57, 2160−2164.
(52) Chang, Y.; Cheng, Y.; Feng, Y.; Li, K.; Jian, H.; Zhang, H.
Upshift of the d Band Center toward the Fermi Level for Promoting
Silver Ion Release, Bacteria Inactivation, and Wound Healing of Alloy
Silver Nanoparticles. ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces 2019, 11, 12224−
12231.
ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces www.acsami.org Research Article
https://doi.org/10.1021/acsami.2c15299
ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces 2022, 14, 53491−53500
53500
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biomaterials.2019.119282
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biomaterials.2019.119282
https://doi.org/10.1002/anie.201711357
https://doi.org/10.1002/anie.201711357
https://doi.org/10.1002/anie.201711357
https://doi.org/10.1021/acsami.8b21768?urlappend=%3Fref%3DPDF&jav=VoR&rel=cite-as
https://doi.org/10.1021/acsami.8b21768?urlappend=%3Fref%3DPDF&jav=VoR&rel=cite-as
https://doi.org/10.1021/acsami.8b21768?urlappend=%3Fref%3DPDF&jav=VoR&rel=cite-as
www.acsami.org?ref=pdf
https://doi.org/10.1021/acsami.2c15299?urlappend=%3Fref%3DPDF&jav=VoR&rel=cite-as
https://solutions.cas.org/CASInsights_Subscribe?utm_campaign=GLO_GEN_ANY_CIS_AWS&utm_medium=DSP_CAS_ORG&utm_source=Publication_CEN&utm_content=pdf_footer