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Lipid Disorder StructureofLipoprotein Cholesterol Ester Triacylglycerol Apoprotein Phospholipid Free Cholesterol sa sghak kstts Lipoproteinscompositions Chylomicron and Chylomicron remnant Classification of Lipoproteins "Bad" (Non-HDL) VLDL Very Low Density Lipoprotein LDL Low Density Density Lipoprotein Lipoprotein IDL Intermediate "Good" HDL High Density Lipoprotein Lumen Intima Chylomicron Non-HIDL-C Atherogenic lipoprotein VLDL Endothelial cels Chylomicron remnant Triglyceride IDL LDL Cholesterol HDL LDL apo(B) Lp(a) apo(B) S apo(a) Post-prandial Endogenous TG supply Endogenous cholesteroi supply Reverse cholesterol transport Billary excretionenterohepatic circulation LDLR PCSK9 Peripheral tissues Oxidation FFA LDLR degraded in ysoSome Cholesterol LPL ( LPL ABCA1 ABCG1 Lipid rafts Chylomicron TG TG TG CE IHDL IHDL HDL Lyrnph Chylomicron rermnant IHDL IDL looipid-poor Apo A1 Dietary TG, CandCE TG TG TG CE Chylomicron VLDL iHDL TG TG TG CE LOL CE iHDL HL SRB1 LDLR degraded in Iysosme Biliary BAand Gexcretion TG BA Small intestine reabsorption -LDLA degraded in lysosome Liver Synthesis FFA Apo B100 Bile acids (BA) Cholesterol Oxidation HMGCOAR Synthesis Abnormalities of lipid metabolism most commonly come to light following routine blood testing Is the measurement done in fasting (8-12hr) or in Non fasting state? And Why? What is the age for measurement? Lipid measurement Classification of hyperlipidemia Primary Hyperlipidemia Secondary Hyperlipidemia Predominant hypercholesterolaemia Xanthelasma" Corneal arcus Aortic stenosis Extensordigitorurn xanthornas Pre-patoilar xanthomas Achilles tendon. Kanttormas Predominant hypertriglyceridaemia A Lipaernia rotinalis Acute pancraatitis Lipaermic blood and plasTia Hepatosplenomegaly Eruptive xanthoTias lipemia retinalis Lipid-lowering therapies have a key role in the secondary and primary prevention of cardiovascular diseases. Assessment of absolute risk, treatment of all modifiable risk factors and optimization of lifestyle, especially diet and exercise, are central to management in all cases. Management of dyslipidaemia • Reduce intake of saturated and trans-unsaturated fat to less than 7–10% of total energy • Reduce intake of cholesterol to 50% reduction from baseline 116 mg/dL (3.0mmo/L) 100 mg/dL (2.6 mmo/L) 70mg/dL. (1.8 mmol/L) 55 mg/dl (1.4 mmol/L) 40 mg/dl. (1.0 mmol/L) European Treatment goals for LDL-C across categories of total cardiovascular disease risk* Low -SCORE 5% and 190 (mmol/L) -BP > 180/110 -FH without other major risk factors -Moderate CKD (eGFR 30-59 ml/min) -DM >10yearsor additional RF, w/o target organ danage Very High Very High -SCORE >10% -ASCVD (clinical/imaging) -FH with ASCVD or with another major RF -Severe CKD (eGFR