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Lipid Disorder
StructureofLipoprotein
Cholesterol Ester
Triacylglycerol
Apoprotein
Phospholipid
Free Cholesterol
sa
sghak kstts
Lipoproteinscompositions
Chylomicron
and
Chylomicron
remnant
Classification of Lipoproteins
"Bad"
(Non-HDL)
VLDL
Very Low
Density
Lipoprotein
LDL
Low
Density Density
Lipoprotein Lipoprotein
IDL
Intermediate
"Good"
HDL
High
Density
Lipoprotein
Lumen
Intima
Chylomicron
Non-HIDL-C
Atherogenic lipoprotein
VLDL
Endothelial cels
Chylomicron
remnant
Triglyceride
IDL LDL
Cholesterol
HDL
LDL
apo(B)
Lp(a)
apo(B)
S apo(a)
Post-prandial
Endogenous TG supply
Endogenous cholesteroi supply
Reverse cholesterol transport
Billary excretionenterohepatic
circulation
LDLR
PCSK9
Peripheral
tissues
Oxidation
FFA
LDLR
degraded
in ysoSome
Cholesterol
LPL (
LPL
ABCA1
ABCG1
Lipid rafts
Chylomicron
TG
TG TG
CE
IHDL
IHDL
HDL
Lyrnph
Chylomicron
rermnant
IHDL
IDL
looipid-poor Apo A1
Dietary TG,
CandCE
TG
TG TG
CE
Chylomicron
VLDL
iHDL
TG
TG TG
CE
LOL
CE
iHDL
HL
SRB1
LDLR
degraded in
Iysosme
Biliary BAand
Gexcretion
TG
BA
Small
intestine
reabsorption
-LDLA
degraded in
lysosome
Liver
Synthesis
FFA
Apo B100
Bile acids (BA)
Cholesterol
Oxidation
HMGCOAR
Synthesis
Abnormalities of lipid metabolism 
most commonly come to light 
following routine blood testing
Is the measurement done in fasting (8-12hr) or 
in Non fasting state?
And Why?
What is the age for measurement?
Lipid measurement 
Classification of hyperlipidemia
Primary Hyperlipidemia
Secondary Hyperlipidemia
Predominant hypercholesterolaemia
Xanthelasma"
Corneal arcus
Aortic stenosis
Extensordigitorurn
xanthornas
Pre-patoilar xanthomas
Achilles tendon.
Kanttormas
Predominant hypertriglyceridaemia
A Lipaernia rotinalis
Acute pancraatitis
Lipaermic blood and
plasTia
Hepatosplenomegaly
Eruptive xanthoTias
lipemia retinalis
Lipid-lowering therapies have a key role in 
the secondary and primary prevention of 
cardiovascular diseases. 
Assessment of absolute risk, treatment of 
all modifiable risk factors and optimization 
of lifestyle, especially diet and exercise, are 
central to management in all cases.
Management of dyslipidaemia
• Reduce intake of saturated and trans-unsaturated fat to less than 7–10% of total 
energy 
• Reduce intake of cholesterol to 50%
reduction from baseline
116 mg/dL
(3.0mmo/L)
100 mg/dL
(2.6 mmo/L)
70mg/dL.
(1.8 mmol/L)
55 mg/dl
(1.4 mmol/L)
40 mg/dl.
(1.0 mmol/L)
European Treatment goals for LDL-C across categories of total
cardiovascular disease risk*
Low -SCORE 5% and 190 (mmol/L)
-BP > 180/110
-FH without other major risk factors
-Moderate CKD (eGFR 30-59 ml/min)
-DM >10yearsor additional RF, w/o target organ danage
Very High
Very High
-SCORE >10%
-ASCVD (clinical/imaging)
-FH with ASCVD or with another major RF
-Severe CKD (eGFR

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