OFICINA DE REDAÇÃO EM LÍNGUA INGLESA TEXTOS TÉCNICOS aula 2

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1.
		According to VAN DIJK (1997), "this element  is the person, place, object, or idea under discussion. It is the subject that the author has chosen to discuss, describe, or explain. Discovering this element is the first step in reading for meaning".
· Considering the basic elements of a paragraph, what does the previous citation refer to?
	
	
	
	topic
	
	
	secondary ideas
	
	
	supporting details
	
	
	development
	
	
	conclusion
	
Explicação:
According to VAN DIJK (1997), the topic of a passage is like the topic of a conversation.  It is the person, place, object, or idea under discussion. It is the subject that the author has chosen to discuss, describe, or explain.
	
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		2.
		Select the choice that best represents the topic of the paragraph. "You've probably heard that older men die before older women virtually everywhere in the world. In the United States, women are expected to live an average of 80.4 years, while men live only 75.2 years. Sociologists attribute many factors to this trend. For example, men have higher testosterone levels than women, which may make men more likely to abuse alcohol and tobacco, drive aggressively, and engage in other life-threatening behaviors. Men also choose riskier types of work and become involved in wartime aggression, which are connected to men¿s decreased life expectancy. Studies also show that women are less likely to experience life-threatening illnesses and health problems than men are."
	
	
	
	men's life expectancy
	
	
	women's health
	
	
	older men die before women
	
	
	testosterone and age
	
	
	men and risky behaviors
	
Explicação:
The topic sentence is typically the first sentence of a paragraph, and it should clearly state the main idea that you will develop throughout the paragraph.
You've probably heard that older men die before older women virtually everywhere in the world. In the United States, women are expected to live an average of 80.4 years, while men live only 75.2 years. 
	
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		3.
		Read each paragraph and determine its topic and the stated main idea sentence: Passing fears are common in early childhood. Many 2- to 4-year-olds are afraid of animals, especially dogs. By 6 years, children are more likely to be afraid of the dark. Other common fears are of thunderstorms, doctors, and imaginary creatures.
	
	
	
	TOPIC: two-to-four year olds fear of animals - MAIN IDEA: By 6 years, children are more likely to be afraid of the dark.
	
	
	TOPIC: fear - MAIN IDEA: Many 2- to 4-year olds are afraid of animals, especially dogs.
	
	
	TOPIC: common fears - MAIN IDEA: Other common fears are of thunderstorms, doctors, and imaginary creatures.
	
	
	TOPIC: passing fears - MAIN IDEA: Passing fears are common in early childhood.
	
	
	TOPIC: courage - MAIN IDEA: Many 2- to 4-year olds are afraid of animals, especially dogs.
	
Explicação:
The topic sentence is typically the first sentence of a paragraph, and it should clearly state the main idea that you will develop throughout the paragraph.
	
	
	
	 
		
	
		4.
		What is the topic sentence in the following paragraph?
"Crime is a major concern in the United States. The possibility of becoming a victim of crime, particularly of a violent assault, is the number one fear of millions of Americans. This concern is well founded, as 5.3 million people over the age of 12 annually will be victimized by violent crimes. That nearly 14 million serious crimes are reported yearly to the police indicates only part of the situation. An annual study by the Bureau of Justice Statistics surveys American households to determine the extent of serious crime not being reported to law-enforment authorities. Initiated in 1973, the National Crime Survey measures the number of crimes unreported to the police as opposed to reported crime, which is documented annually by the FBI¿s Uniform Crime Reports Bulletin. The results of the National Crime Survey are disturbing to the entire criminal justice system, indicating that people and households in the United States face 49 million crime attempts a year when unreported and reported crime occurrences are combined."
Source: http://www.academia.edu/17877120/Topics_Main_Ideas_Topic_sentences
	
	
	
	The possibility of becoming a victim of crime, particularly of a violent assault, is the number one fear of millions of Americans.
	
	
	An annual study by the Bureau of Justice Statistics surveys American households to determine the extent of serious crime not being reported to law-enforment authorities.
	
	
	Nearly 14 million serious crimes are reported yearly to the police indicates only part of the situation.
	
	
	People and households in the United States face 49 million crime attempts a year when unreported and reported crime occurrences are combined.
	
	
	The results of the National Crime Survey are disturbing to the entire criminal justice system.
	
Explicação:
The topic sentence is typically the first sentence of a paragraph, and it should clearly state the main idea that you will develop throughout the paragraph.
The possibility of becoming a victim of crime, particularly of a violent assault, is the number one fear of millions of Americans. 
	
	
	
	 
		
	
		5.
		Select the statement that best expresses the main idea. "People often refer to taxes in terms of their being much too high. In reality, they are probably even higher than you think, because in addition to the federal income tax we are now studying, there are many other Federal, State, and local taxes, including sales taxes, inheritance taxes, state income taxes, personal property taxes, real estate taxes, and others. These are just some of the most obvious ones."
	
	
	
	Taxes are much too high.
	
	
	Inheritance taxes and real estate taxes are unfair.
	
	
	The federal, state and local taxes.
	
	
	We pay more taxes than we may realize.
	
	
	Some taxes are hidden.
	
Explicação:
 "People often refer to taxes in terms of their being much too high. In reality, they are probably even higher than you think, because in addition to the federal income tax we are now studying, there are many other Federal, State, and local taxes, including sales taxes, inheritance taxes, state income taxes, personal property taxes, real estate taxes, and others. These are just some of the most obvious ones."
According to BEAUGRANDE, R.& DRESSLER, W. (1981), the main idea of a passage is the core of the material, the particular point the author is trying to convey. The main idea of a passage can be stated in one sentence that condenses specific ideas or details in the passage into a general, all inclusive statement of the author¿s message. Whether you read a single paragraph, a chapter, or an entire book, many experts agree that your most important single task is to understand the main idea of what you read. A main idea is always a complete sentence that states an important point about the topic. That¿s why you can often find the topic in the main idea sentence. Main ideas are  never questions; they¿re always statements.
 
	
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		6.
		According to VAN DIJK (1997), the topic of a passage is like the topic of a conversation.  It is the person, place, object, or idea under discussion. It is the subject that the author has chosen to discuss, describe, or explain. Which of the following is a topic sentence concept?
	
	
	
	It is an ending sentence that explains what your paragraph is about.
	
	
	It is a transitional sentence leading to the next paragraph.
	
	
	It is the sentence that reminds the reader about the relevance of the information in this paragraph to the main or controlling idea of the paper.
	
	
	It is made up of supporting sentences (major and minor details), which help to explain or prove the main idea.
	
	
	The topic sentence states the main point or controlling idea. The sentences thatexplain this main point are called supporting details. 
	
Explicação:
The sentences that explain this main point are called supporting details. These details may be facts, reasons, or examples that provide further information about the topic sentence.
	
	
	
	 
		
	
		7.
		To Lunsford and Collins (2003), the bulk of a paragraph is made up of these specific types of sentences, which help to explain or prove the main idea. These sentences present facts, reasons, examples, definitions, comparison, contrasts, and other pertinent details. They are most important because they sell the main idea.
· Considering the structure of a paragraph, what does the previous citation refer to?
	
	
	
	conclusion
	
	
	topic
	
	
	development
	
	
	main idea
	
	
	supporting details
	
Explicação:
The bulk of a paragraph is made up of supporting sentences (major and minor details), which help to explain or prove the main idea. These sentences present facts, reasons, examples, definitions, comparison, contrasts, and other pertinent details. They are most important because they sell the main idea.
	
	
	
	 
		
	
		8.
		Read the following paragraph and determine its topic and the stated main idea sentence: One of the big programming surprises of the 2002 summer TV series was a show on the Fox Network called American Idol, a talent search that highlighted several aspiring performers. The final episode of the show garnered the biggest audience share among 18- to 49-year olds that the network has ever had. Based on a British series called Pop Idol, American Idol is another in a long list of shows that the United States has imported. In fact, many popular U.S. TV shows originated overseas. These include the quiz shows Who Wants to Be A Millionaire and The Weakest Link, both also from Britain . Other examples include Survivor, imported from Sweden; Big Brother , based on a Dutch series of the same name; and TLC's Trading Spaces, based on the British series, Changing Rooms.
	
	
	
	TOPIC: popular U.S. TV shows. MAIN IDEA: These include the quiz shows Who Wants to Be A Millionaire and The Weakest Link, both also from Britain
	
	
	TOPIC: American Idol. MAIN IDEA: By 6 years, children are more likely to be afraid of the dark.
	
	
	TOPIC: British quiz shows MAIN IDEA: In fact, many U.S. TV shows have first originated overseas.
	
	
	TOPIC:Unknown American music shows MAIN IDEA: Based on a British series called Pop Idol, American Idol is another in a long list of shows that the United States has imported.
	
	
	TOPIC: big programming surprises. MAIN IDEA: One of the big programming surprises of the 2002 summer TV series was a show on the Fox Network called American Idol, a talent search that highlighted several aspiring performers.
	
Explicação:
The topic sentence is typically the first sentence of a paragraph, and it should clearly state the main idea that you will develop throughout the paragraph.