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The leading-edge flap extends in a downward direction to increase the camber or total
curve of the wing's shape.
Answer (B) is incorrect because leading-edge flaps increase the maximum lift
coefficient at higher angles of attack. Answer (C) is incorrect because a slot will direct
airflow over the top of the wing at high angles of attack.
448. What is the movement of the center of pressure when the wingtips of a sweptwing
airplane are shock-stalled first?
 A. Inward and aft.
 B. Inward and forward.
 C. Outward and forward.
Shock formation at the wing tip first moves the center of pressure forward and inboard
and the resulting climbing moment and tail downwash can contribute to 'pitch up.'
Answer (A) is incorrect because when the wing tips are shock-stalled first, the center
of pressure moves forward. Answer (C) is incorrect because when the wing tips are
shock-stalled first, the center of pressure moves inward.
449. What characteristic should exist if an airplane is loaded to the rear of its CG range?
 A. Sluggish in aileron control.
 B. Sluggish in rudder control.
 C. Unstable about the lateral axis.
If an airplane is loaded too far rearward it may not dampen out a vertical displacement
of the nose. Instead, when the nose is momentarily pulled up, it may alternately climb
and dive becoming steeper with each oscillation.
Answer (A) is incorrect because an aft location of the CG has a greater effect on the
longitudinal stability, not the lateral (aileron) controllability. Answer (B) is incorrect
because an aft CG has a greater effect on the longitudinal stability, not vertical
(rudder) controllability.
450. Which of the following is considered an auxiliary flight control?
 A. Ruddervator.
 B. Upper rudder.
 C. Leading-edge flaps.
Auxiliary wing flight surfaces include trailing edge flaps, leading edge flaps, speed
brakes, spoilers, and leading edge slats.
Answer (A) is incorrect because a ruddervator is a primary flight control surface that
incorporates both a rudder and elevator into one surface. Answer (B) is incorrect
because upper rudders (found on the B-727) are stand-by rudders, which are used in
the event of a hydraulic system failure.