Língua inglesa relações discursivas

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Disc.: LÍNGUA INGLESA RELAÇÕES DISCURSIVAS   
	Aluno(a): 
	
	Acertos: 5,0 de 10,0
	07/07/2023
		1a
          Questão
	Acerto: 1,0  / 1,0
	
	Gerunds can be used to perform different syntactic roles such as: subject, subject complement, direct object, just to name a few. Bearing this information in mind, read the sentence below:
"Most people avoid talking about religion, politics, or gender issues in public events."
The gerund form in the sentence above functions as:
		
	
	subject complement
	
	subject
	
	indirect object
	
	prepositional complement
	 
	direct object
	Respondido em 07/07/2023 15:12:34
	
	Explicação:
Answer key: direct object
Feedback:
Direct object (ANSWER) - In order to operate as a direct object, a gerund structure must be located after a transitive verb, which is the case of the verb avoid: it requires a direct object so that its meaning is not jeopardized.
Subject complement - A gerund functions as subject complement when it is placed immediately after a linking verb, which is not the case at play.
Prepositional complement - it refers to using a gerund structure to complete the meaning of a preposition so that the sentence does not become agrammatical or has its full meaning jeopardized.
Indirect object - Gerunds operate as indirect objects when they are used as the first object of ditransitive verbs.
Subject - When a gerund structure is placed before the verb phrase, it operates as the subject of the sentence.
	
		2a
          Questão
	Acerto: 1,0  / 1,0
	
	Participles are structured into two forms: present and past. These special classes of non-finite forms present multiple uses in the English language. They are part of Perfect and Progressive verb tenses, are included in Passive sentences, and can also be exploited to simplify more complex sentence structures. Bearing this information in mind, read the sentence below:
"Used carefully, the Internet can provide us with up-to-date information on a variety of topics."
The participle form in the sentence is used to:
		
	
	devise a progressive verb tense
	
	form a passive structure
	
	simplify an adjective clause
	
	refer to a perfect verb tense
	 
	simplify an adverbial clause
	Respondido em 07/07/2023 15:17:24
	
	Explicação:
Answer key: simplify an adverbial clause
Feedback:
The participle form in this case is used to simplify an adverbial clause of condition: "If it is used carefully, ...". Since the sentence in question refers to a conditional meaning, it cannot be a reduced adjective clause. Also, the sentence is in the active voice, which means that the highlighted participle is not part of a passive structure. Finally, the verb tense is neither perfect nor progressive.
	
		3a
          Questão
	Acerto: 0,0  / 1,0
	
	Gerunds comprise a special class of non-finite forms present in the English language. They can be used to perform a variety of syntactic functions depending on the type of transitivity a verb presents. Sometimes they are required as part of more complex structures. Bearing this information in mind, read the sentence below:
"University students nowadays give exploring social networking sites most of their time instead of focusing on the materials they are supposed to read."
The gerund form in the sentence above functions as:
		
	
	prepositional complement
	 
	direct object
	
	subject
	 
	indirect object
	
	subject complement
	Respondido em 07/07/2023 15:15:06
	
	Explicação:
Answer key: indirect object
Feedback:
Indirect object (ANSWER) - Gerunds operate as indirect objects when they are used as the first object of ditransitive verbs. In the example above, the verb give is ditransitive, whose indirect and direct objects are, respectively, exploring social networking sites and most of their time.
Subject complement - A gerund functions as subject complement when it is placed after a linking verb, which is not the case in question.
Subject - When a gerund structure is placed before the verb phrase, it operates as the subject of the sentence.
Direct object - In order to operate as a direct object, a gerund structure must be located after a transitive verb.
Prepositional complement - it refers to using a gerund structure to complete the meaning of a preposition so that the sentence does not become agrammatical or has its full meaning jeopardized.
	
		4a
          Questão
	Acerto: 1,0  / 1,0
	
	Gerunds are a special class of non-finite structures, which can be used after certain verbs to create more complex sentences. Bearing this information in mind, read the sentence below:
 
"The American Government are interested in investing in Brazil."
 
The gerund form in the sentence above functions as:
		
	
	Subject
	 
	Prepositional complement
	
	Direct object
	
	Subject complement
	
	Indirect object
	Respondido em 07/07/2023 15:21:57
	
	Explicação:
· Prepositional complement (ANSWER) - it refers to using a gerund structure to complete the meaning of a preposition so that the sentence does not become agrammatical or has its full meaning jeopardized. It is what happens in the example above.
· Indirect object - Gerunds operate as indirect objects when they are used as the first object of ditransitive verbs.
· Subject complement - A gerund functions as subject complement when it is placed immediately after a linking verb.
· Subject - When a gerund structure is placed before the verb phrase, it operates as the subject of the sentence.
· Direct object - In order to operate as a direct object, a gerund structure must be located after a transitive verb.
	
		5a
          Questão
	Acerto: 1,0  / 1,0
	
	Gerund clauses possess the common syntactic functions of nouns. It means they can be used as subjects, direct objects, indirect objects, and so on. Bearing this piece of information in mind, consider the following sentence:
 
"Running five kilometers at a good pace requires technique and strength."
 
A gerund form in the sentence above was used as:
		
	
	Subject complement
	
	Direct object
	
	Indirect object
	
	Part of an idiomatic expression
	 
	Subject
	Respondido em 07/07/2023 15:22:08
	
	Explicação:
· Subject (ANSWER) - When a gerund structure is placed before the verb phrase, it operates as the subject of the sentence
· Part of an idiomatic expression - The structure GO + GERUND is a typical idiomatic expression used to refer to someone¿s (recreational) activity.
· Direct object - In order to operate as a direct object, a gerund structure must be located after a transitive verb.
· Subject complement - A gerund functions as subject complement when it is placed immediately after a linking verb.
· Indirect object - Gerunds operate as indirect objects when they are used as the first object of ditransitive verbs.
	
		6a
          Questão
	Acerto: 1,0  / 1,0
	
	Gerund clauses possess the common syntactic functions of nouns. It means they can be used as subjects, direct objects, indirect objects, and so on. Bearing this piece of information in mind, consider the following sentence:
 
 
'' Running five kilometers at a good pace requires technique and strength.''
 
 
A gerund form in the sentence above was used as:
		
	
	Indirect object
	
	Direct object
	 
	Subject
	
	Part of an idiomatic expression
	
	Subject complement
	Respondido em 07/07/2023 15:22:27
	
	Explicação:
Subject (ANSWER) - When a gerund structure is placed before the verb phrase, it operates as the subject of the sentence
Part of an idiomatic expression - The structure GO + GERUND is a typical idiomatic expression used to refer to someone¿s (recreational) activity.
Direct object - In order to operate as a direct object, a gerund structure must be located after a transitive verb.
Subject complement - A gerund functions as subject complement when it is placed immediately after a linking verb.
Indirect object - Gerunds operate as indirect objects when they are used as the first object of ditransitive verbs.
	
		7aQuestão
	Acerto: 0,0  / 1,0
	
	Clauses can be divided into two groups: finite and non-finite. Mark the option displaying a non-finite clause:
		
	
	We both know that he has been profligate in every sense of the word.
	 
	One does not know what to think.
	
	We will know where we have gone.
	 
	Don't you know there is an express come for master from Mr. Gardiner?
	
	I know you will contrive it all.
	Respondido em 07/07/2023 15:26:14
	
	Explicação:
All the options were adapted from the novel Pride and Prejudice.
AUSTEN, Jane. Pride and Prejudice. Available at: The Project Gutenberg eBook of Pride and Prejudice, by Jane Austen. Accessed Oct 12th, 2021
	
		8a
          Questão
	Acerto: 0,0  / 1,0
	
	The advise-type includes a some verbs, such as "advise".  Mark the option in which an advise-type main verb is completed by a to-infinitive clause:
		
	
	Emma made no answer, and tried to look cheerfully unconcerned.
	 
	Emma wanted him very much to be gone.
	
	He had heard many people say the same.
	 
	Miss Fairfax should be allowed to come to you at such a time.
	
	But she had believed them to be well-meaning, worthy people (...).
	Respondido em 07/07/2023 15:29:37
	
	Explicação:
Other than the verb "advise" itself, this category also includes other verbs such as:
· allow
· cause
· force
· urge
· permit
Therefore, the only option that presents this type of verb is: Miss Fairfax should be allowed to come to you at such a time. Furthermore, the verb "allowed" Is followed by a to-infinitive clause "to come to you at such a time".
	
		9a
          Questão
	Acerto: 0,0  / 1,0
	
	Read the statements below, bearing in mind the semantic functions of the RPCs:
I - The main semantic role of reduced relative clauses is to freeze actions into discursive images.
II - Concessive, conditional and place are three types of adverbial clauses that express opposition.
III - proportion clauses are a type of adverbial clause that expresses the notion of causality.
Choose the option below that correctly evaluates the sentences as true or false.
		
	
	I - true, II - true, III - false.
	 
	I - false, II - true, III - true.
	
	I - false, II - false, III - false
	
	I - true, II - false, III - true.
	 
	I - true, II - false, III - false.
	Respondido em 07/07/2023 15:30:32
	
	Explicação:
Answer: I - true, II - false, III - false.
Feedback: It is true that the main semantic role of reduced relative clauses is really to crystalize actions into discursive images. However, it is not true that place clauses express the notion of opposition, as well as it is not true that proportion clauses express the notion of causality. Therefore, the only correct option is "I - true, II - false, III - false".
	
		10a
          Questão
	Acerto: 0,0  / 1,0
	
	The process of transforming full adverbial clauses into RPCs includes the exchange of the main verb for a participle form, the deletion of the subject and the be verb and, sometimes, even the omission of the subordinator. Look at the sentences below and choose the option that shows a clause that was correctly reduced to a participle form.
		
	
	Studying while a lot, my son was not able to pass in the selection to the university he applied to.
	
	If she wanted to be taken seriously, she should be behaving like a serious person.
	
	Although tries to convince everyone about the solidity of the project, nobody was actually buying it.
	 
	Whispering some words to himself, he left the building to never come back.
	 
	While my neighbors were partying, I was struggling with the loud noise they were making.
	Respondido em 07/07/2023 15:31:46
	
	Explicação:
Answer: Whispering some words to himself, he left the building to never come back.
Feedback: Options "While my neighbors were partying, I was struggling with the loud noise they were making" and  "If she wanted to be taken seriously, she should be behaving like a serious person" present unreduced adverbial clauses while "Studying while a lot, my son was not able to pass in the selection to the university he applied to" and "Although tries to convince everyone about the solidity of the project, nobody was actually buying it" present reduced but ungrammatical clauses. Therefore, the correct answer is "Whispering some words to himself, he left the building to never come back".