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1a 
 Questão 
Acerto: 0,0 / 1,0 
 
Read the following assertions about the concept of collocation: 
I. Collocations can be described as combinations of words that are likely to come 
together to perform pragmatic functions 
II. Collocations are a type of link between words that is based on syntactic rules 
governing the sentences. 
III. Collocations can be seen as a tool to achieve cohesion among words 
Which of the options below characterize the assertions in the correct way? 
 
 I - true, II - false, III - true. 
 
I - false, II - false, III - true. 
 I - true, II - true, III - true. 
 
I - true, II - false, III - false. 
 
I - false, II - false, III - false. 
Respondido em 10/04/2023 18:18:32 
 
Explicação: 
Collocations can be seen as a means to achieve cohesion and a likely combination of words. 
However, they are not based on syntactic rules. 
 
 
2a 
 Questão 
Acerto: 0,0 / 1,0 
 
The statements below refer to lexical relations. Read them and choose the correct 
alternative: 
I. Homographs are groups of words that have the same pronunciation or the same 
writing but have different meanings. 
II. This semantic category of words is called homophony, when the words share the 
same spoken sounding or homography, when they share the same spelling. 
III. This semantic category of words is called homonymy, when the words share the 
same spoken sounding or homophony, when they share the same spelling. 
IV. Homonyms are groups of words that have the same pronunciation or the same 
writing but have different meanings. 
 
 Statements I, II and III are correct. 
 Statements II and IV are correct. 
 
Statements III and IV are correct. 
 
Statements I and II are correct. 
 
Statements II and III are correct. 
Respondido em 10/04/2023 18:18:34 
 
Explicação: 
Homonyms are groups of words with the same pronunciation/spelling but different meanings. 
The homonyms can be either homophones (same sounding) or homographs (same writing). 
 
 
3a 
 Questão 
Acerto: 1,0 / 1,0 
 
Semantic networks are networks of interconnected meanings linked by some 
semantic bond and represented graphically. They are useful in expressing 
relationships among different concepts, pointing out not only the elements of the 
network, but also the type of relationship established. Bearing in mind this 
characterization of the semantic network, mark the option below that presents the two 
essential elements that found conceptually all semantic networks. 
 
 
Organizing hierarchy and concepts. 
 
Concepts and categories. 
 
Links and concepts. 
 
Graphic and semantic bond among elements. 
 Organizing hierarchy and semantic bond among elements. 
Respondido em 10/04/2023 18:18:35 
 
Explicação: 
Two are the basic and essential elements in the constitution of a semantic network: some 
kind of hierarchy organizing the elements and a semantic bond linking them. 
 
 
4a 
 Questão 
Acerto: 1,0 / 1,0 
 
Ambiguity means that that a word or an expression with more one conventional 
meaning can create hurdles to the understanding of a message. Based on the notion 
of ambiguity and its different types, assess the statements below: 
I) Semantic ambiguity is the type of ambiguity that occurs when there is blurring in the 
meaning of the sentence due to an unclear reference within the sentence. 
II) Syntactic ambiguity occurs when the scope of reference of a certain term is not 
precise. 
III) Scope ambiguity happens when it is not possible to determine which of the 
previous words is the reference of a certain term. 
 
 I is correct. 
 
II and III are correct. 
 
I, II and III are correct. 
 
I and II are correct. 
 
II is correct. 
Respondido em 10/04/2023 18:18:36 
 
Explicação: 
Semantic ambiguity happens when the reference of a term within the sentence becomes 
fuzzy, implicating in the semantic confusion. This type of ambiguity is divided in scope 
ambiguity and anaphoric ambiguity. Scope ambiguity occurs when the scope of reference of 
a certain term is not precise, whereas anaphoric ambiguity happens when it is not possible to 
determine which of the previous words is the reference of a certain term. 
 
 
5a 
 Questão 
Acerto: 0,0 / 1,0 
 
Paraphrases play a variety of roles in discourse, being used in many situations to 
perform specific interactional functions. Bearing it in mind, read the passage below: 
When the teacher said that our identity is socially constructed within the rules 
established by society and the dominant culture, he meant to say that we cannot 
decide by ourselves who we want to be. 
What is the function being performed by the paraphrase in the highlighted passage? 
 
 Didactic synthesizing. 
 
Synthesizing for solving ambiguity. 
 Abstraction increasing. 
 
Ownership recognition. 
 
Synthesizing for more abstraction. 
Respondido em 10/04/2023 18:18:39 
 
Explicação: 
The passage presents a paraphrase used in order to make a certain idea more synthetic and 
didactic. The student is basically translating the teacher's ideas into simpler and more 
concise terms so that the other students are able to grasp the ideas discussed. 
 
 
6a 
 Questão 
Acerto: 0,0 / 1,0 
 
Scope relations are types of semantic relationships in which the understanding of a 
certain element within a sentence depends on the interpretation of another. Based on 
this definition, read the options below and mark the one that presents a correct 
example of scope relation: 
 
 
Eleven of my students didn't come to class today due to the bad weather. 
 The six guys in that table drank more than ten margaritas. 
 
My sister, my mother and I were informed of the theft of our car. 
 Fair is foul and foul is fair. 
 
To live is to die. 
Respondido em 10/04/2023 18:18:40 
 
Explicação: 
The only option in which the correct interpretation of one element depends on the 
interpretation of another is 'the six guys in that table drank more than ten margaritas' since 
the interpretation of how many margaritas each guy drank depends on the way we 
understand the meaning of the quantifier 'ten'. Quantifiers, negation, generalizers as well as 
modals may establish scope relations. 
 
 
7a 
 Questão 
Acerto: 1,0 / 1,0 
 
Read the excerpt bellow: 
"A new study published in the journal Science shows definitive evidence of organic 
matter on the surface of Mars. The data was collected by NASA's nuclear-powered 
rover Curiosity. It confirms earlier findings that the Red Planet once contained carbon-
based compounds. These compounds - also called organic molecules - are essential 
ingredients for life as scientists understand it. 
The organic molecules were found in Mars's Gale Crater, a large area that may have 
been a watery lake over three billion years ago. The rover encountered traces of the 
molecule in rocks extracted from the area. The rocks also contain sulfur, which 
scientists speculate helped preserve the organics even when the rocks were exposed 
to the harsh radiation on the surface of the planet. 
 
Scientists are quick to state that the presence of these organic molecules is not 
sufficient evidence for ancient life on Mars, as the molecules could have been formed 
by non-living processes. But it's still one of the most astonishing discoveries, which 
could lead to future revelations. Especially when one considers the other startling find 
that Curiosity uncovered around five years ago." 
Retrieved from: https://learnenglish.britishcouncil.org/skills/reading/c1-reading/life-on-
mars. 
There are some semantic features that govern the functions of the subject. The 
element underlined in the sentence "Scientists speculate (sulfur) helped preserve the 
organics" presents the features: 
 
 [+animacy]/[-passiveness]. 
 
[-animacy]/[+manipulation]. 
 
[-animacy]/[+passiveness]. 
 
[+manipulation]/[+passiveness]. 
 
[+animacy]/[+passiveness]. 
Respondidoem 10/04/2023 18:18:42 
 
Explicação: 
The element in bold presents the features [+manipulation], which means that it has the 
choice to start the action; [+animacy], which means that it has life; [-passiveness], which 
means that the subject is not a patient, but does something. Therefore, the only correct 
option is: [+animacy]/[-passiveness]. 
 
 
8a 
 Questão 
Acerto: 1,0 / 1,0 
 
Read the excerpt bellow: 
"A new study published in the journal Science shows definitive evidence of organic 
matter on the surface of Mars. The data was collected by NASA's nuclear-powered 
rover Curiosity. It confirms earlier findings that the Red Planet once contained carbon-
based compounds. These compounds - also called organic molecules - are essential 
ingredients for life as scientists understand it. 
The organic molecules were found in Mars's Gale Crater, a large area that may have 
been a watery lake over three billion years ago. The rover encountered traces of the 
molecule in rocks extracted from the area. The rocks also contain sulfur, which 
scientists speculate helped preserve the organics even when the rocks were exposed 
to the harsh radiation on the surface of the planet. 
 
Scientists are quick to state that the presence of these organic molecules is not 
sufficient evidence for ancient life on Mars, as the molecules could have been formed 
by non-living processes. But it's still one of the most astonishing discoveries, which 
could lead to future revelations. Especially when one considers the other startling find 
that Curiosity uncovered around five years ago." 
Retrieved from: https://learnenglish.britishcouncil.org/skills/reading/c1-reading/life-on-
mars. 
The semantic nature of the subject is related to the verb concerning its dynamic or 
nondynamic feature. The subject of the sentence "The data was collected by NASA's 
nuclear-powered rover Curiosity" presents the following features: 
 
 
[+passiveness]/[+activity]. 
 
[-passiveness]/[+volition]. 
 [+passiveness]/[-volition]. 
 
[-passiveness]/[+activity]. 
 
[+volition]/[+activity]. 
Respondido em 10/04/2023 18:18:43 
 
Explicação: 
The subject "The data" presents the features [+passiveness], which means that it is a patient, 
it suffers the action; [-volition], which implies non-intentionality; and [-activity], which means 
that it does not practices anything. 
 
 
9a 
 Questão 
Acerto: 0,0 / 1,0 
 
People often say: "after you have learnt one language, it is easier to learn another", 
and that is not wrong. Why is L3 easier to learn than L2? 
 
 
Because it is a different language. 
 
Because L2 and L3 are different. 
 
Because L3 is easier. 
 Because an L3 learner will not try to make transfers as they did when they 
learnt L2. 
 Because the EFL learner will choose an easier language to learn. 
Respondido em 10/04/2023 18:18:45 
 
Explicação: 
L3 will be a different language, so that can't be the reason why learning L3 is easier; also it 
will be different from L2, so that can't be the reason, either. Learning another language will 
not be easier due to choice, but because the connections the learner used to make when 
learning L1 will not be made when learning L3. 
 
 
10a 
 Questão 
Acerto: 0,0 / 1,0 
 
Calques are, in a way, transfers. Choose the option that presents a syntactic calques. 
 
 
Actually, I don't want to go. 
 I missed the plane. 
 
Brussel sprouts. 
 
Let's take the bus. 
 Coconut little candy. 
Respondido em 10/04/2023 18:18:46 
 
Explicação: 
"Brussel sprouts" is the correct word for "couve de bruxelas"; "Actually, I don't want to go" is 
used correctly, meaning "Na verdade, não quero ir"; "Let's take the bus" means "Vamos 
pegar o ônibus", and the verb used is correct; "I missed the plane" is correct for "Eu perdi o 
avião" using the correct verb. However, "coconut little candy" is the definition of a kind of 
candy that does not exist in the English language but is poorly translated. And the original 
would probably be "Docinho de côco".