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				Disc.: LITERATURA INGLESA    
	Aluno(a): JULIA HREISEMNOU MALICHWSKI
	202104598769
	Acertos: 10,0 de 10,0
	21/01/2023
		1a
          Questão
	Acerto: 1,0  / 1,0
	
	Read the inscription on the Dedication page to Thomas Thorpe's edition of Shakespeare's sonnets.
Considering the Dedication page of Thomas Thorpe's 1609 edition of Shakespeare's Sonnets, mark the option which correctly present the mysterious suggestions found there.
		
	 
	Since Shakespeare was not directly involved with Thorpe's edition, it is possible that Thorpe himself placed the ''Dedication'' there to obscurely profess his or Shakespeare's love for Mr. W. H., a possible patronage.
	
	Since Shakespeare was not directly involved with Thorpe's edition, it is more likely that this was a pirate edition of sonnets which we cannot be certain that were written by Shakespeare himself.
	
	Since Shakespeare was not directly involved with Thorpe's edition, there is no supposition whatsoever that can be made out of the Dedication page.
	
	Since Shakespeare was directly involved with Thorpe's edition, the Dedication page is a confession of the autobiographical tone of the sonnets.
	
	Since Shakespeare was directly involved with Thorpe's edition, the ''only begetter'' of the sonnets is certainly Shakespeare's lover.
	Respondido em 21/01/2023 00:53:32
	
	Explicação:
A resposta certa é: Since Shakespeare was not directly involved with Thorpe's edition, it is possible that Thorpe himself placed the ''Dedication'' there to obscurely profess his or Shakespeare's love for Mr. W. H., a possible patronage.
	
		2a
          Questão
	Acerto: 1,0  / 1,0
	
	Sodomy was a capital crime, and fulminations against the act were a staple of polemical literature of all kinds. Antitheatrical tracts assumed that boys who played the women's roles on stage played them in life as well; anti-Catholic invective declared ecclesiastical celibacy to be a cover for institutionalized buggery; judicial indictments for political or religious crimes often included additional charges of sodomy - indeed, sodomy tended to serve as a gloss on whatever the culture considered worst or most threatening: those accused of atheism or sedition were almost invariably declared also to be sodomites. The corollary, however, is that the charge is almost never found in isolation; and, in fact, the legal definition of sodomy was exceedingly narrow.
Source: ORGEL, Stephen. ''Introduction''. In: SHAKESPEARE, William. The Sonnets. EVANS, G. Blakemore (ed.). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2006.
Mark the alternative which correctly points out why Shakespeare's overtly homoerotical sonnets could be part of this cultural scene.
		
	
	Because Shakespeare was not directly involved with the publication of the 1609 edition, it is possible that he did not want these sonnets to come out in the public.
	 
	Sodomy was not equivalent to homoeroticism; actually, in Elizabethan England friendship and love between men was a common part of the patronage system.
	
	Since sodomy was a capital crime in England during the Elizabethan age, the sonnets participation on this cultural scene can be understood as a moral practice.
	
	The court¿s homosexual practices in Elizabeth England surpassed the law against sodomy.
	
	Sodomy in poetry was a common trope since it goes back to Greek democracy in which men¿s love for men was part of society.
	Respondido em 21/01/2023 00:53:54
	
	Explicação:
A resposta certa é: Sodomy was not equivalent to homoeroticism; actually, in Elizabethan England friendship and love between men was a common part of the patronage system.
	
		3a
          Questão
	Acerto: 1,0  / 1,0
	
	So suggestive, in fact, are the circumstances described here (and elsewhere) [about the Sonnets] that readers will be forever tempted to posit a 'story' for the Sonnets. But if there is a larger story, it is of interest because it is realized in the particular, which is not to say that the Sonnets altogether lack an element of narrative, but that narrative is embedded in the recognition of newly intense emotional exchanges and changes in the imagined relationship.
Source: POST, Jonathan F. Shakespeare's Sonnets and Poems: a very short introduction. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2017.
After reading the contextualization above, read the affirmative below.
I. Together, the sonnets in Shakespeare's sequence sketch a storyline about the sonneteer.
II. Alone, each sonnet reveals a state of mind (and heart) sprung out from the suggested series of events.
III. Reading in between sonnets is helpful to establish new connections among the sequence.
		
	 
	I, II and III.
	
	II a III, only.
	
	I, only.
	
	II, only.
	
	I and III, only.
	Respondido em 21/01/2023 00:54:26
	
	Explicação:
A resposta certa é: I, II and III.
	
		4a
          Questão
	Acerto: 1,0  / 1,0
	
	Complete the gaps in the following statements, so that they become true.
Shakespeare alluded to a variety of previous works of art and references in his plots, some of which originated in medieval periods. For instance, some characters' villainy mingled with humorous asides originated from (1) _____________. Similarly, the lascivious (2) _____________ in between acts have their roots in the folkloric morris dance. When it comes to Antique literature references, a pervasive archetype is the one of (3) _____________, who encumbers the lovers' relationships.
		
	
	(1) jigs/ (2) Vices/ (3) the blocking father
	
	(1) the blocking father/ (2) jigs/ (3) the Vice
	
	(1) jigs/ (2) Everyman/ (3) the blocking father
	
	(1) Everyman/ (2) Vices/ (3) the blocking father
	 
	(1) the Vice/ (2) jigs/ (3) the blocking father
	Respondido em 21/01/2023 00:55:00
	
	Explicação:
A resposta certa é: (1) the Vice/ (2) jigs/ (3) the blocking father
	
		5a
          Questão
	Acerto: 1,0  / 1,0
	
	Reread part of Othello's speech in court to try to convince the Senate that his love for Desdemona is reciprious. Then, choose the most appropriate option. ''It was my hint to speak-such was my process-/ And of the cannibals that each other eat,/ The Anthropophagi, and men whose heads/ Do grow beneath their shoulders. These things to hear/ Would Desdemona seriously incline.'' (1.3.166-170)
		
	
	In such lines, Othello admits that Desmona feared him after becoming acquainted with his past.
	
	By the time Othello addressed the Senate, Desdemona's father was not aware of the moor's life events.
	 
	The highlighted extract reports part of a series of terrible events in the moore's life, which included slavory and trips to remote territories, but which prove one of his characteristics that attracted Desdemona: his bravery.
	
	The moore's main argument revolves around the report of Desdemona's admiration for his bravery during his trips, even though she does not agree with his description of natives of foreign lands.
	
	Othello claims that he has always avoided reporting his painful past, but felt comfortable to do so in Desdemona's presence.
	Respondido em 21/01/2023 00:55:45
	
	Explicação:
A resposta certa é: The highlighted extract reports part of a series of terrible events in the moore's life, which included slavory and trips to remote territories, but which prove one of his characteristics that attracted Desdemona: his bravery.
	
		6a
          Questão
	Acerto: 1,0  / 1,0
	
	Read and compare these quotes from Romeo and Juliet and Much Ado About Nothing, respectively. Afterwards, choose the most appropriate alternative concerning their plots.
(1) ''Some shall be pardoned, and some punished./ For never was a story of more woe/ Than this of Juliet and her Romeo.'' (5.3.324-326)
(2) ''Beatrice: I would not deny you, but, by this good day, I yield upon/ great persuasion, and partly to save your life, for I was told/you were in a consumption.
Benedict: Peace! I will stop your mouth.'' (5.4.96-100)Both scenes describe problematic relationships and tragic endings, for the first plot involves terrible deaths and in the second one Beatrice feels impelled to be with Benedict, pitying him.
	
	The first and the second extracts convey the tragic endings of both plays, and in the second quote, even though the former lovers remain alive, Benedict expressess aggressiveness towards Beatrice, demanding her to be quiet.
	
	Both extracts help convey a peaceful atmosphere. However, in (1) peace derives from mourning and in (2) it results from Benedict's request.
	
	Both scenes summarize the happy closures of the plays: in (1), evil characters would be either ''punished'' or ''pardoned'', and in (2) the two lovers affectionately joke about their relationship and kiss each other.
	 
	The first quote is professed by Prince Escalus so as to describe his feeling of grief which stemmed from the tragic ending of the play, despite the humorous lines and comedy structure from its beginning. The second, in contrast, consists of a scene conveying an affectionate reciprocity and levity between the lovers after mishaps.
	Respondido em 21/01/2023 00:56:13
	
	Explicação:
A resposta certa é: The first quote is professed by Prince Escalus so as to describe his feeling of grief which stemmed from the tragic ending of the play, despite the humorous lines and comedy structure from its beginning. The second, in contrast, consists of a scene conveying an affectionate reciprocity and levity between the lovers after mishaps.
	
		7a
          Questão
	Acerto: 1,0  / 1,0
	
	The immediacy and concreteness of drama and the fact that it forces the spectator to interpret what is happening in front of him on a multitude of levels, compelling him to decide whether the tone of voice of the character was friendly or menacing or sarcastic, means that drama has all the qualities of the real world, the real situations we meet in life - but with one very decisive difference: in life the situations we are confronted with are real; in the theatre - or in the other forms of drama (radio, TV, the cinema) - they are merely acted, they are make-believe, play. (ESSLIN, 1976, p. 19; author's stress)
Source: ESSLIN, Martin. An Anatomy of Drama. New York: Hill and Wang, 1996.
According to the text above, the drama is ¿
		
	
	...highly depending on the realness of the characters in scene for it to work properly.
	
	...an absolute denial of reality as such towards a surrealist framework of entertainment.
	 
	...a play between audience and dramatic production aiming at a simulacrum of the situations we meet in life.
	
	... a copycat of reality exactly as it is experienced in our everyday life conflicts and situations.
	
	...a play between text and actors unattached to the reality of life situations surrounding it.
	Respondido em 21/01/2023 00:56:51
	
	Explicação:
A resposta certa é: ...a play between audience and dramatic production aiming at a simulacrum of the situations we meet in life.
	
		8a
          Questão
	Acerto: 1,0  / 1,0
	
	The next step on the development [of theater] takes place when the members of various guilds, who really liked acting in the cycles, decided that they wanted to do theater and, abandoned their original crafts, organized themselves into small itinerant groups, that walked around looking for audiences. These small groups faced a very serious problem, because, abandoning the realm of religious activity, they were prohibited to make their plays based on biblical tropes [or about the life of Saints]. The positive result of this prohibition is that it determined the emergence of original authors. (HELIODORA, 2015, p. 17)
Source: (adapted from) HELIODORA, Bárbara. ''Dramaturgia Elizabetana: Uma Introdução''. In: Dramaturgia Elizabetana. São Paulo: Perspectiva, 2015.
Identify the option that correctly explains how the first morality plays happened to come into England's theatrical scene.
		
	
	Morality plays were part of a circuit of biblical episodes which aimed at moralizing its audience by enacting testimonies of the Church¿s beliefs.
	
	Morality plays came to be only after atheism became a popular practice in Renaissance England.
	 
	Morality plays started to be written after a group of men left their various guilds to live theater as their craft.
	
	Morality plays were prohibited by the Crown because they enacted Vice and Virtue as insurrectionists.
	
	Morality plays always existed throughout England, but they got to the city only after Elizabeth I was crowned.
	Respondido em 21/01/2023 00:57:24
	
	Explicação:
A resposta certa é: Morality plays started to be written after a group of men left their various guilds to live theater as their craft.
	
		9a
          Questão
	Acerto: 1,0  / 1,0
	
	Queen Elizabeth's image was associated with classical and biblical models. Choose the alternative that best characterized how she intended to be perceived:  
		
	
	Above all, she self-fashioned herself as Venus, due to her unique beauty. 
	
	Above all, she self-fashioned herself as the Lonely Queen, married to her nation, mother to her people.
	 
	Above all, she self-fashioned herself as the Virgin Queen, married to her nation, mother to her people. 
	
	Above all, she self-fashioned herself as Deborah, due to her adherence to Catholicism.
	
	Above all, she self-fashioned herself as Gloriana, due to all the glory cast on her and on her people.  
	Respondido em 21/01/2023 00:57:42
	
	Explicação:
A resposta certa é: Above all, she self-fashioned herself as the Virgin Queen, married to her nation, mother to her people. 
	
		10a
          Questão
	Acerto: 1,0  / 1,0
	
	What is correct to claim about the English Reformation? 
I. it refused the existence of purgatory  
II. it debated questions of theology concerning free will and grace 
III. it questioned the sacraments  
		
	 
	I, II and III are true 
	
	Only I and III are true 
	
	Only II and III are true 
	
	Only I and II are true 
	
	None of the above  
	Respondido em 21/01/2023 00:58:19
	
	Explicação:
A resposta certa é: I, II and III are true