Prévia do material em texto

197PROMILITARES.COM.BR
SIMPLE PRESENT
SIMPLE PRESENT
O “Simple Present” é usado para ações do dia a dia, habituais. 
Nesse caso, a frase vem geralmente acompanhada por um advérbio 
de frequência.
Usado também para indicar fatos reais, uma verdade universal, 
ações no futuro, horário o� cial, opinião e narrativas. Nas terceiras 
pessoas do singular, na forma a� rmativa, acrescentamos –S, –ES ou
–IES, su� xos que variam de acordo com a terminação do verbo. Nas 
formas interrogativas e negativas usamos os auxiliares “Does” para as 
terceiras pessoas e “Do” para as demais, e os verbos permanecem na 
forma base (in� nitivo sem o “to”).
A conjugação do “Simple Present” é:
AFIRMATIVA NEGATIVA INTERROGATIVA
I like ( Eu gosto )
I don’t (do not) 
like
Do I like?
You like 
( Você gosta )
You don’t (do 
not) like
Do you like?
He likes 
( Ele gosta )
He doesn’t (does 
not) like
Does He like?
She likes 
( Ela gosta )
She doesn’t 
(does not) like
Does she like?
It likes 
( Ele/Ela gosta )
It doesn’t (does 
not) like
Does it like?
We like 
( Nós gostamos )
We don’t (do 
not) like
Does we like?
You like 
( Vocês gostam )
You don’t (do 
not) like
Do you like?
They like 
( Eles gostam )
They don’t (do 
not) like
Do they like?
Formação do “Simple Present”:
The students always play soccer.
Sujeito Adv. de 
Frequência
Verbo 
Principal
Complemento
O “Simple Present” é usado para ações rotineiras, habituais 
ou indicando costume.
Nesse caso, a frase vem geralmente acompanhada por um 
advérbio de frequência.
Exemplos:
Mary always cooks for her husband.
The engineer never works overtime.
Do you always read the newspaper at night?
Quando estabelece um fato, uma verdade universal, uma 
informação cientí� ca.
Exemplos:
The earth goes round the sun.
Brazilian people drink more beer than Americans.
She loves David.
Numa narrativa quando descreve características regulares 
de uma pessoa ou coisa.
Exemplo:
I live in a town on the south part of the country. I work at 
home, but I often visit other countries abroad on business. I
have three children, one is still at school and the other goes to 
University of Michigan. I speak French and German, and I know
a bit of Chinese. I don’t like sports but I enjoy soccer. I don’t
smoke, but I drink a lot of beer.
Quando se estabelece uma opinião.
Exemplos:
She thinks Paris is better than New York to live.
They believe they will succeed at that company.
Descrevendo um evento que acontecerá no futuro, 
geralmente com hora e/ou data o� cial.
Verbos que são sempre usados no “Simple Present”
• Opinions: assume, believe, consider, feel, think, � nd, 
suggest, suppose.
• Mental states: expect, forget, imagine, know, mean, notice, 
remember, understand.
• Emotions / Feeling: care, envy, fear, hate, like, love, mind, 
prefer, regret, want, wish, detest.
• Possession: belong to, have, hold, own, possess.
• Measure / Relation: contain, cost, hold, measure, weigh, 
� t, carry.
• Perception: touch, see, hear, smell. 
• Others: apply for, depend on, deserve, differ, exist, interest, 
look (resemble).
Nota:
Alguns desses verbos podem ser usados no “Present Continuous” 
quando estiverem exercendo a função de ação ( action ) no contexto. 
Veja a diferença:
Exemplos:
She considers her father a loveable person. (opinião dela em 
relação ao seu pai, usa o “Simple Present”).
She is considering her father’s proposal in her room. (neste 
caso, ela está pensando sobre o problema é uma ação, usa o “Present 
Continuous”).
198
SIMPLE PRESENT
PROMILITARES.COM.BR
Todos os verbos no “Simple Present” são acrescidos de um –S na 
3ª pessoa do singular (he, she, it).
Exemplo: 
love loves
take takes
think thinks
Verbos terminados em –CH, -O, -SH, -SS, -X e –Z recebem a 
terminação –ES.
Exemplo:
catch catches
go goes
slash slashes
miss misses
mix mixes
buzz buzzes
Verbos terminados em –Y precedidos de consoante substituem o 
–Y por –IES.
Exemplo:
carry carries
copy copies
study studies
worry worries
Verbos terminados em –Y precedidos de vogal recebem a 
terminação –S, normalmente.
Exemplos:
enjoy enjoys
stay stays 
play plays
buy buys
Nota: Os auxiliares “do” e “does” são usados em frases 
a� rmativas para indicar ênfases, sempre concordando com o 
sujeito da oração.
Exemplos:
I do love chocolate.
She does think Miami is the best place to live in The USA.
EXERCÍCIOS DE
FIXAÇÃO
01. (EPCAR) “John is a good student, so he ____ to school every day”.
a) go
b) to go
c) come
d) goes
02. (UNITAU) “Mom often ____ when we ____ a joke”.
a) laugh - tell
b) laughs - tell
c) laughs - tells
d) laughes - tell
e) laugh - tells
03.
According to the text, Gar� eld:
a) Thinks all days are beautiful.
b) Prefers the kitchen only when it’s raining.
c) Prefers staying outside if it’s a beautiful day.
d) Thinks days are beautiful in the kitchen even when it’s raining.
04. (UEMG) A alternativa que completa corretamente a frase: “I am 
taking my umbrella just in case it____________” é a:
a) rains
b) rain
c) is raining
d) is rain
e) “a” and “c” are correct.
05. (UFPB) International advertising can be a risky business. When 
McDonald's launched Le Big Mac in Paris, it discovered that in local 
slang this meant "the big pimp". It is not just a question of language 
either; national advertising styles also vary considerably. The British 
like humour and irony in their ads, whereas the Germans regard this 
approach as frivolous. The French are more sexist than the British 
and will use seminaked women in almost any context. The Italians 
generally like to see beautiful people wearing beautiful clothes driving 
beautiful cars. These are not just national stereotypes, but based on 
hard experience. Different countries also prefer different products.
The text is PREDOMINANTLY in the:
a) present tense.
b) past tense.
c) future tense.
d) present perfect tense.
e) present progressive tense.
06. (UNESP 2013) Observe a tirinha.
No trecho do primeiro quadrinho – she’s sick and tired of smelling beer 
–, ’s pode ser reescrito como
a) “is”.
b) “was”.
c) “goes”.
d) “does”.
e) “has”.
07. (UFRRJ 2004) Leia.
TECHNOLOGICAL HURDLES FOR TERRORISTS
To be successful, a terrorist or terrorist organization has to 
overcome formidable technical challenges. First, the terrorist has to 
obtain a suf� ciently lethal strain of a disease pathogen. Second, he 
must know how to handle and store the pathogen correctly and 
safely. Third, he must know how to produce it in bulk. Tiny amounts 
of a microorganism are lethal enough to ravage a � eld of crops, a herd 
of animals, or a city of people, assuming the pathogen is delivered 
precisely to the target. However, 2biological agents do not survive well 
outside the laboratory. In reality only a fraction of the biological agent 
would reach the target population, so vastly larger amounts would be 
needed to launch a catastrophic attack.
199
SIMPLE PRESENT
PROMILITARES.COM.BR
Considering the array of technological hurdles involved, it is 
surprising that few terrorist attacks with biological weapons have been 
attempted. What is more, those attempts produced few casualties. 
Recently, anthrax-laced letters killed � ve people in the United States. 
That is tragic enough, but the 1casualties were fewer than might 
have occurred from a small explosive or even a pistol. Researchers 
calculate that since 1975, in 96 percent of the attacks worldwide in 
which chemical agents were used no more than three people were 
killed or injured.
(Awake! September 22, 2002.)
In the sentence, "[...] biological agents do not survive well [...]"(ref. 2), 
the use of the present tense implies
a) doubt.
b) condition.
c) probability.
d) objectivity.
e) certainty.
08. (PUC-RS 2000) Leia o texto.
COUPLE SELLS ADS TO PAY FOR WEDDING
Talk about a marriage of love and money.
Tom Anderson and Sabrina Root paid for their $14,000 wedding 
this weekend by selling advertising space at the ceremony and 
reception.
Everythingfrom the wedding rings to a week at a penthouse in 
Cancun, Mexico, were donated after Anderson got 24 companies to 
sponsor the nuptials in exchange for having their names appear six 
times from the invitations to the thank-you cards.
Anderson, 24, a bartender, spent his own money for his wife's 
$1,400 engagement ring while Root, 33, a hair stylist, paid $1,600 
for the dress.
The 1groom got the idea of corporate sponsorships 3while 
working in a small struggling animation studio that often had to 
barter for services.
"So I was in a sales mode, and I got to thinking", he told the 
Philadelphia Inquirer, 2which ran a photo of the couple sitting among 
their corporate-sponsored wedding "gifts" in its Sunday edition.
The bride's perfume came from a local distributor, and coffee was 
provided gratis from a neighborhood supplier.
Advertisers had their names appear on the invitations and thank-
you cards, on cards at the buffet, on scrolls at the dinner table, in an 
ad placed in a local independent newspaper and in a verbal "thank 
you" that followed the � rst toast.
The Inquirer said the groom had bought two addresses on the 
Internet's World Wide Web, namely: sponsoredwedding.com and 
weddingsponsors.com.
(Monday, August 16, 1999 - Reuters)
Choose the alternative that best completes the sentence: "Today's 
issue of The Inquirer ______ that another couple wants to have their 
wedding sponsored. It also _________ a photo of them".
a) says - runs
b) say - run
c) said - running
d) saying - ran
e) says - running
09. (EFOMM) “The children usually ____ in the afternoon, but today 
they ____ in the garden”.
a) studies - are playing
b) are studying - play
c) study - plays
d) study - are playing
e) studies - is playing
10. (UFSC) “He ____ The Times now, but on Sundays he ____ The 
Observer”.
a) is reading - reads
b) read - reads
c) reads - read
d) to read - is reading
e) are reading - reads
EXERCÍCIOS DE
TREINAMENTO
01. (ESPCEX/AMAN 2018)
MILITARY OPERATIONS IN MEGACITIES
A linguistic perspective 
The challenge of conducting future military operations within 
megacities (cities with populations over ten million) lies in understanding 
the dynamic and multidimensional complexities of these urban 
areas. Military operations in megacities, whether combat-oriented or 
otherwise, will be similar to those in other urban environments, but 
will be complicated by factors unique to the megacity environment. 
First and foremost, megacities are largely multilingual. While this 
can be said of large cities in general, the scale of multilingualism in 
megacities magni� es its effects. For instance, in New York City (NYC) – 
a metropolitan megacity of over eighteen million people - nine foreign 
languages are spoken by communities of one hundred thousand or 
larger. Language also plays a role in determining one's identity and the 
language community in which one decides to live. For example, the 
majority of Russian speakers in NYC tend to live in south Brooklyn and 
Staten Island, while Chinese speakers tend to cluster in Manhattan and 
Sunset Park. In megacities, language, culture, and regional context go 
hand in hand and often reach beyond ethnic identities.
In order to fully understand the context of a megacity, we must 
understand the role of the languages used in its communities. How 
_____(1)_____ language communities interact in megacities? What 
tensions _____(2) _____ caused by multiple language communities in 
urban space? What role______(3) _____ language play in the power 
structures (government or otherwise) of megacities?
(Adapted from Military Review - Jan/Feb 2016)
Choose the alternative containing the correct words to respectively 
complete gaps (1), (2) and (3) in paragraph 3.
a) is - does - do
b) do - are - do
c) are - is - do
d) are - do - does
e) do - are - does
02. (UFSM 2001) Imagine it: Your plane touches down at Charles de 
Gaulle and you take out your 1portable voice recognition-translation 
device. You set the dial to "Français." Et voilà! You are free 3to roam 
Paris without anyone sneering at your high school French. Sound like 
science � ction? 2Machines that recognize your voice and translate your 
language have already converged. Prototypes of real-time devices are in 
use, and they will probably be on the market in a decade or two. But 
before we shell out $299.99 for this shiny new gadget, let us pause to 
bid farewell to the dream of an idiomatic common ground - to the hope 
for mutual intelligibility and a linguistic brotherhood of man.
(Lingua Franca, New York, May/June 2000.)
Assinale a alternativa que melhor expressa a ideia da pergunta:"Sound 
like science � ction?".
a) Is the sound like in science � ction?
b) Do you sound like science � ction?
c) Does it sound like science � ction?
d) Do you like the sound of science � ction?
e) Does science � ction have sound?
200
SIMPLE PRESENT
PROMILITARES.COM.BR
03. (UFRGS 1998) “Tess of the D'Urbervilles is the story of the seduction, 
betrayal, and destruction of an innocent girl, Tess Durbey� eld, who is 
led by her foolish parents into thinking she comes from an ancient 
noble family, the D'Urbervilles. Encouraged to claim Kingship with the 
family, Tess is seduced by the suave, plausible Alec D'Urberville, who 
abandons her when she bears his baby. The child dies, and Tess � nds a 
new love with the egotistic, self-righteous Angel Clare. When he hears 
her story on their wedding night, he too abandons her. In despair, Tess 
murders Alec. She 1� nds a few � eeting days of happiness with Clare, 
who returns to her before she is captured and hanged. In the famous 
last lines of the novel, which could � t any other of Hardy's works 
almost as well, ‘Justice’ was done, and the President of the Immortals 
... had ended his sport with views through compassionate eyes the 
difference between the fate human beings deserve and the one that 
they suffer."
The correct verbal forms of the nouns "seduction", "betrayal", and 
"destruction" are:
a) seduce - betray - destroy.
b) seduct - betray - destroy.
c) seduce - betrayal - destruct.
d) seduct - betrayal - destruct.
e) seduce - betray - destruct.
04. Complete with Simple Present or Present Continuous (Progressive): 
“Today he _______________ jeans and T-shirts, but he usually 
_______________ a suit at work”.
a) is wearing - wears
b) wears - is wearing
c) wearing - wear
d) wear - are wearing
e) has wearing - wearing
05. (G1 1996) Assinale a alternativa que preenche corretamente as 
lacunas: “He ____________ pudding. Why __________ him something 
else?”.
a) don't like - do you offer
b) doesn't likes - don't you offer
c) doesn't like - don't you offers
d) doesn't like - don't you offer
e) aren't like - do not you offer
06. (EFEI) Assinale a alternativa correta:
a) Isadora eats never breakfast quickly.
b) Isadora never eats her breakfast quickly.
c) Isadora never quickly eat her breakfast.
d) Isadora never eats her quickly breakfast.
e) Isadora never eat her breakfast quickly.
07. (ITA 1997) Leia.
BRAZIL'S NETWORK BOOM
BRAZIL IS ON THE VERGE OF A NETWORK SURGE. BUT EXACTLY 
HOW THEY'LL ALL IS STILL UP IN THE AIR.
Probably the only thing that Brazil's two pay TV heavyweights, 
Globo and TVA, agree ___(I)___ is that the country's multichannel 
business is on the verge of a boom.
The two companies, which have fought one of the most 
IMPASSIONED battles for dominance to be found anywhere in the 
pay TV world, ___(II)___ the intensity of their cable and wireless 
competition and extending it to direct-to-home television this year. 
And with the number of Brazilian pay TV subscribers expected to ___
(III)___ � vefold to 5 million by the end of the decade, both sides are 
FEVERISHLY putting together new programming services to make their 
packages as ALLURING as possible. (...) 
(Ian Katz. Multichannel News. International, April, 1996)
Quais os verbos que devem preencher as lacunas II a III respectivamente?
a) are rising -raise
b) are raising - rise
c) are rising - rise
d) is raising - raise
e) is rising - rise
08. (MACKENZIE) Indicate the alternative that best completes the 
following sentence: “She __________________ his proposal, but she 
_______________ a decision for a while”.
a) considers – doesn't need to make
b) is considering – doesn't want to make
c) has considered – had to take
d) has been considering – is taking
e) considered – needs to take
09.
SHALL WE DANCE?
planets SPIN.
lightning leaps.
atoms dance.
and so do we.
Skirts bloom at a square dance in Albany, Oregon.
"It's friendship set to music," says Marilyn Schmit, who met her 
husband on a square dance date 16 years ago.
(Cathy Newman NATIONAL GEOGRAPHIC SENIOR
 WRITER NATIONAL GEOGRAPHIC - JULY 2006)
From the � rst kick of a baby's foot to the last "Anniversary 
Waltz," we dance - to internal rhythms and external sounds. Before 
the written word, humans spoke the language of dance. It's as ancient 
as the 3,400-year-old image of a man with a lute, dancing on a clay 
plaque discovered in the Middle East.
We dance, not just with our bodies, but from the heart. "Dance 
is bodies sounding off," says Judith Lynne Hanna, an anthropologist 
at the University of Maryland. We pour out love and hate, joy and 
sorrow; appeal to the spirits, gods, and nature; � irt, seduce, court; 
celebrate birth, death, and everything in between. We even presume 
to reorder the world, as if, in the Shaker song, by "turning, turning 
we come round right." Dance is so profane, some religions ban it; so 
sacred, others claim it.
Dance in America can hardly contain itself. We dance - from Florida 
to Alaska, from horizon to horizon and sea to sea, in the ballrooms 
of big cities and whistle-stop bars, in Great Plains Grange halls, 
church basements, barrio nightclubs, and high school auditoriums. 
3We do the polka, waltz, fox-trot, tarantella, jitterbug, samba, salsa, 
rumba, mambo, tango, bomba, cha-cha, merengue, mazurka, conga, 
Charleston, two-step, jerk, swim, Watusi, twist, monkey, electric slide, 
Harlem shake, shim sham shimmy, fandango, garba, gourd dance, 
corn dance, hora, hopak - as if our lives depended on it. Some believed 
just that: A medieval superstition averred that dancing in front of Saint 
Vitus's statue ensured a year of good health.
We dance out of anguish, to attain solace, and, sometimes, in an 
attempt to heal. "I remember a couple," says Lester Hillier, owner of 
a dance studio in Davenport, Iowa. The husband was a retired farmer. 
His wife, a housewife, wore � at shoes and a � oral housedress. "One 
of their sons had been killed. The devastated parents had a dance 
lesson booked the day after it happened. They insisted on coming 
anyway," Hillier recalls.
As the lesson hour drifted to a close, the couple asked for one last 
dance. They wanted a waltz. And when it ended, she rested her head 
on his chest; he wrapped his arms around her shoulders. Then they 
stood still, clinging to one another.
201
SIMPLE PRESENT
PROMILITARES.COM.BR
Dance, like the rhythm of a beating heart, is life. It is, also, the 
space between heartbeats. It is, said choreographer Alwin Nikolais, 
what happens between here and there, between the time you start 
and the time you stop. "It is," says Judith Jamison, artistic director of 
the Alvin Ailey American Dance Theater, 4"as close to God as you are 
going to get without words."
To dance is human. To dance is divine.
Glossary:
anniversary - celebração de bodas
lute - alaúde (instrumento musical de cordas)
clay - argila
averred - a� rmava
solace - consolo
The present tense of the verbs in the text subtitle ("Planets spin [...] 
and so do we") is used to express
a) future events.
b) non-repeated actions.
c) temporary agenda.
d) unexpected actions.
e) permanent truths
10. (UFAL 1999) Leia.
CADBURY WORLD
"Cadbury world is a chocolate theme park inaugurated in 1991. 
IT ____(I)____ half a million visitors every year and combines an 
exhibition with a brief factory tour. The exhibition opens with Mayan 
and Aztec use of cocoa and the "discovery" by the Europeans of the 
"New World" together with the spicy drink known as chocolate. The 
exhibition tells the arrival of cocoa in England as a luxury drink, the 
establishment of John Cadbury's shop in Bull Street, Birmingham, 
in the 1830s, selling tea, coffee and chocolate, the discovery by his 
sons of a new process (II) cocoa and the establishment of a � ourishing 
cocoa and chocolate business in the 1870s. Cocoa became a popular 
family drink, marketed by Cadbury as "absolutely pure, therefore 
best."
Preencha corretamente a lacuna (I) do texto:
a) is going to attract
b) attracted
c) attracts
d) has attracted
e) was attracted
EXERCÍCIOS DE
COMBATE
01. (EN) “Water ____ at 100 degrees Centigrade”.
a) boil
b) boils
c) to boil
d) boiling
e) are boiling
02. (EPCAR) Indicate the alternative that best completes the following 
sentence: “She __________ German very well.”
a) speaks and writes
b) speaks and write
c) speak and writes
d) speak and write
03. (EFOMM) “Every time she ____ to school she says hello to her 
friends and ____ to her classroom”.
a) get, go
b) got, goes
c) gets, goes
d) has got, have gone
e) will get, had gone
04. (EN) Which of the sentences below completes the dialogue 
correctly?
Paul: Do you have to take him home tonight? 
James: In fact, I _____ . He is taking a taxi.
a) have
b) don’t
c) do
d) must
e) mustn’t
05. (EFOMM) “John normally _____ a drink before meals, but now he 
____ a tomato juice”.
a) has, is having
b) is having, has
c) have, is having
d) is having, have
e) had, have
06. (EFOMM) Mark the correct option to complete the sentence below.
“I’ve just � nished reading a short story called “Dangerous”. It’s about 
a woman who _____ her husband because she doesn’t want to lose 
him”.
a) was killing
b) killed
c) kill
d) is killing
e) kills
07. (EN) Which of the alternatives below completes the sentence correctly?
“After the referee __________ the whistle, the match will start”.
a) is blowing
b) blows
c) blew
d) blowing
e) does blows
08. (EFOMM) “The initials V.I.P. ________Very Important Person”.
a) means
b) is about
c) describes
d) accounts for
e) stand for
09. (EN) Which sequence best completes the sentence below? 
“When you stay ______ after midnight, your attention surely _______”.
a) woken – dropped
b) awake – has dropped
c) awoken – has dropped
d) awake – drops
e) woken – drops
10. (AFA) Marque a alternativa correta.
I. From 8 to 10 p.m. frequently Robert studies.
II. Robert frequently studies from 8 to 10 p.m.
III. Robert frequently from 8 to 10 p.m. studies.
IV. Robert studies frequently from 8 to 10 p.m.
a) Only sentence I is correct.
b) Only sentence III is wrong.
c) Sentences III and IV are correct.
d) Only sentence II is correct.
GABARITO
EXERCÍCIOS DE FIXAÇÃO
01. D
02. B
03. D
04. E
05. A
06. A
07. E
08. A
09. A
10. A
EXERCÍCIOS DE TREINAMENTO
01. E
02. C
03. A
04. A
05. D
06. B
07. B
08. B
09. E
10. C
EXERCÍCIOS DE COMBATE
01. B
02. A
03. C
04. B
05. A
06. E
07. B
08. E
09. D
10. D
202
SIMPLE PRESENT
PROMILITARES.COM.BR
ANOTAÇÕES