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141
b. Complete the example sentences with the appropriate words.
In negative statements, we add not after was or were. We 
can also use the contracted forms wasn’t or weren’t.
• Leonardo da Vinci a Baroque artist, he was a 
Renaissance artist.
In interrogative statements, we use was or were before the 
subject.
• Leonardo da Vinci a Modernist artist?
• his artistic talents evident from an early age?
c. To answer questions, we can use short answers. Choose the 
appropriate short answers to the questions in the previous item.
• Yes, he was. / No, he wasn’t.
• Yes, they were. / No, they weren’t.
wasn’t/was not
Was
Were
No, he wasn’t.
Yes, they were.
• We add the suffix to most regular verbs in English (as 
learn, for example) to express an action that happened in the 
past. When the verb ends in -e (as receive, for example), we 
add only . When the verb ends in -y preceded by a 
consonant (as study, for example), we remove the -y and add 
. -ed; -d; -ied
Simple Past – Regular and Irregular Verbs
2. Look at the following sentences from the text on pages 138 and 
139. Then, in your notebook, complete the statements about 
regular verbs in the Simple Past.
Young Da Vinci received little formal education [...].
He learned a wide breadth of technical skills [...].
[...] Da Vinci studied botany, geology, zoology, hydraulics, 
aeronautics and physics.
2. Antes de realizar a atividade, 
peça aos estudantes que obser-
vem os verbos destacados em 
negrito e identifiquem o que 
eles têm em comum (resposta: 
todos são regulares, ou seja, 
quando expressos em um con-
texto de passado, terminam em 
-ed).
3. Go back to the text and find other five regular verbs in the Simple 
Past. Write them in your notebook.
4. Read some other sentences from the text on pages 138 and 139. 
In your notebook, match the verbs in bold in the sentences to 
their base forms.
 Around the age of 14, Da Vinci began a lengthy apprenticeship 
with the noted artist Andrea del Verrocchio in Florence.
He believed studying science made him a better artist.
Da Vinci thought sight was humankind’s most important 
sense [...].
a. think b. begin c. make
appeared, believed, viewed, stressed, died
4. Antes de realizar a atividade, 
peça aos estudantes que ob-
servem os verbos destacados 
em negrito e identifiquem a di-
ferença entre eles e os verbos 
da atividade anterior (todos são 
irregulares, ou seja, quando 
expressos em um contexto de 
passado, não terminam em -ed, 
-d ou -ied, mas sim em formas 
específicas a cada um deles).
thought began made
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Você pode conhecer 
os trabalhos de 
Eduardo Kobra no 
site oficial do artista: 
www.eduardokobra.
com. Acesso em: 14 
abr. 2020.
SUGGESTION
Eduardo Kobra uses spray to 
paint a colorful mural in Vila 
Madalena neighborhood, 
S‹o Paulo, 2015.
N
el
so
n 
A
nt
oi
ne
/S
hu
tt
er
st
oc
k
5. In your notebook, choose the correct option.
Some verbs are irregular. This means that:
a. each of them has its own specific form in the Simple Past. X
b. we need to add the suffix -ed to the verb in the Simple Past.
6. Read two other sentences from the text on pages 138 and 139. 
Then use your notebook to complete some more rules about the 
Simple Past.
[...] Da Vinci did not see a divide between science and art.
How did Leonardo da Vinci die?
a. In negative sentences in the Simple Past, we use (or 
its contracted form didn’t) before the base form of the verb.
b. In interrogative sentences in the Simple Past, we use 
 before the subject + base form of the verb.
did not
did
Let’s Practice
7. Read part of a biography of a very talented Brazilian street artist. 
Then, in your notebook, complete it using the Simple Past Tense 
form of the verbs in the box.
become  converge  discover  enter
Eduardo Kobra
Born in 1976 in Clear Field, a low-income neighborhood located 
in the suburbs of São Paulo, the artist his passion for 
street art in his early years. During his teens, he the 
world of tagging with an older graffiti crew known as “Hip Hop.” 
In the 1990s, São Paulo one of the prominent centers of 
contemporary street art. Kobra followed the emergence of urban 
art in his native town and – with Studio Kobra – to a 
unique mural painting, taking advantage of his characteristics as 
a curious artist, good designer, and proficient realistic painter.
LARK, Jasmine. Eduardo Kobra: Biography. Widewalls. Available at: https://
www.widewalls.ch/artist/eduardo-kobra/. Accessed on: Apr. 21, 2020.
8. Read the sentences about Eduardo Kobra and check if they are 
true (T) or false (F). Rewrite the false ones in the negative form to 
make them true. Use your notebook.
a. He was born in a rich neighborhood. F
b. His passion for street art started when he was an adult. F
c. He was a hip hop singer. F
d. We can infer from the text that Kobra painted murals in São 
Paulo. T
TIP 
Ao final deste livro, 
na página 297, você 
encontra uma lista 
com o Simple Past dos 
verbos irregulares em 
inglês mais comuns.
6. Explique aos estudantes que, 
em short answers, usa-se Yes, + 
subject + did. ou No, + subject 
+ didn’t. Por exemplo, Did Da 
Vinci go to university? No, he 
didn’t./Did he paint The Last 
Sup per? Yes, he did.
7. Se achar conveniente, co-
mente com os estudantes que, 
nessa breve biografia de Eduar-
do Kobra, o bairro em que ele 
nasceu em São Paulo, Campo 
Limpo, foi traduzido para o in-
glês: Clear Field. É interessante 
comentar que, em geral, os no-
mes geográficos não são tradu-
zidos. Nessa mesma biografia, a 
cidade de São Paulo é mencio-
nada em seu nome original, e 
não como Saint Paul.
discovered; entered; became; converged
8. Antes de fazer a correção da atividade, peça aos estudantes que comparem suas respostas com 
as de um colega e indiquem um trecho do texto para justificar suas respostas.
(“Kobra followed the emergence of urban art in his native town and converged 
– with Studio Kobra – to a unique mural painting […].”)
8. a. He wasn’t born in a rich 
neighborhood. (“Born in 1976 
in Clear Field, a low-income 
neighborhood located in the 
suburbs of São Paulo […].”)
N
el
so
n 
A
nt
oi
ne
/S
hu
tt
er
st
oc
k
c. He wasn’t a hip hop singer. (“During his teens, he 
entered the world of tagging with an older graffiti crew 
known as ‘Hip Hop.’”)
142
b. His passion for street art 
didn’t start when he was an 
adult. (“[…] the artist discovered 
his passion for street art in his 
early years.”)
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