Fonética e fonologia

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LÍNGUA INGLESA FONÉTICA E FONOLOGIA 
	
	
	 
	
	 1a Questão
	
	
	
	
	Which word has the same number of phonemes as in SHIP?
		
	
	e) I
	
	a) it
	
	c) takes
	
	b) bee
	 
	d) pig
	Respondido em 02/04/2020 21:19:45
	
Explicação:
O aluno deve saber identificar o número de fonemas em uma palavra. 
ship - 3 fonemas
it - 2 fonemas
bee - 2 fonemas
takes - 4 fonemas
pig - 3 fonemas
I - 1 fonema
	
	
	
	 
	
	 2a Questão
	
	
	
	
	How many graphemes are there in the words ILLNESS, DEATH, MORTALITY, COMMENCE?
		
	
	d) 6 - 4 - 9 - 8
	
	a) 6 - 5 - 9 - 8
	
	b) 7 - 4 - 9 - 8
	 
	e) 7 - 5 - 9 - 8
	
	c) 7 - 4 - 9 - 7
	Respondido em 02/04/2020 21:23:49
	
Explicação:
O aluno deve saber identificar o número de grafemas (letras) em uma palavra.
	
	
	 
	
	 3a Questão
	
	
	
	
	How many phonemes are there in the following words: cat, chat, fish, stick, blue?
		
	
	e) 3, 4, 4, 5, 4
	
	b) 3, 3, 3, 4, 4
	
	c) 3, 3, 3, 3, 4
	 
	a) 3, 3, 3, 4, 3
	
	d) 3, 4, 4, 4, 4
	Respondido em 02/04/2020 21:26:21
	
Explicação:
O aluno deve saber identificar o número de fonemas em uma palavra.
cat - 3 fonemas /k/ /a/ /t/
chat - 3 fonemas /ch/ /a/ /t/
fish - 3 fonemas /f/ /i/ /sh/
stick - 4 fonemas /s/ /t/ /i/ /ck/
blue - 3 fonemas /b/ /l/ /u/
 
	
	
	 
	
	 4a Questão
	
	
	
	
	Choose the odd sound:
		
	
	a) great
	
	e) date
	
	d) mate
	
	c) wait
	 
	b) seat
	Respondido em 02/04/2020 21:27:47
	
Explicação:
Pretende-se que o aluno saiba identificar os fonemas em inglês em diferentes palavras.
great - /ei/
seat  /i:/
wait /ei/
mate /ei/
date /ei/
 
	
	
	 
	
	 5a Questão
	
	
	
	
	In the word COUGH, what's the sound of 'OUGH'?
		
	
	a)"UFF"
	
	b) "OW"
	 
	e) "OFF"
	
	c) "OH"
	
	d) "UP"
	Respondido em 02/04/2020 21:30:16
	
Explicação:
Pretende-se que o aluno saiba identificar os fonemas em inglês e associá-los aos grafemas.
Em 'cough' , 'ough' tem som de 'off'.
	
	
	 
	
	 6a Questão
	
	
	
	
	Which alternative represents a letter (grapheme) that is not a phoneme?
		
	
	t
	
	d
	 
	c
	
	p
	
	m
	Respondido em 02/04/2020 21:39:15
	
Explicação:
'C' é letra e não fonema. A letra 'c' pode ser representada pelos fonemas /k/ e /s/.
	
	
	 
	
	 7a Questão
	
	
	
	
	How many phonemes are there in the words ILLNESS, DEATH, MORTALITY, COMMENCE?
		
	
	a) 7 - 5 - 9 - 8
	
	c) 5 - 5 - 9 - 8
	
	e) 5 - 5 - 9 - 6
	 
	d) 5 - 3 - 9 - 6
	
	b) 5 - 3 - 9 - 7
	Respondido em 02/04/2020 21:40:44
	
Explicação:
Pretende-se que o aluno saiba identificar o número de fonemas em uma palavra.
illness - /i/ /ll/ /n/ /e/ /ss/ - 5 fonemas
death - /d/ /ea/ /th/ - 3 fonemas
mortality - /m/ /o/ /r/ /t/ /a/ /l/ /i/ /t/ /y/ - 9 fonemas
commence - /k/ /o/ /mm/ /e/ /n/ /s/ -  6 fonemas
	
	
	 
	
	 8a Questão
	
	
	
	
	How many phonemes are there in "scarecrow" considering Australian and UK English?
		
	
	e) 9
	
	b) 7
	
	c) 8
	
	d) 5
	 
	a) 6
	Respondido em 02/04/2020 21:41:53
	
Explicação:
Six in Australian and UK English - s / c / are / c / r / ow However, American English has more emphasis on the first "r", and thus there is an extra phoneme - s / c / a / re / c / r / ow (7 phonemes)
	When the Normans invaded England in 1066, they brought their own words within them. That caused a change in the social movement.
		
	 
	French was spoken at courts.
	
	French was spoken by the whole population.
	
	Normans adopted the  English language.
	
	French was a global language.
	
	England  was spoken at universities.
	Respondido em 02/04/2020 21:50:32
	
Explicação:
The students should know about the influence of the French and English language in 1066.
French was the official language of England (not Britain) for about 600 years (more like 450), simply because the rulers of the country spoke it. Keep in mind that most people spoke English, not French, and the concept of an ¿official language¿ did not yet exist. But the people in power did certainly speak French up until the 15th century.
	
	
	 
	
	 2a Questão
	
	
	
	
	There are four abilities one needs to develop to master a language: speaking, writing, reading and listening.
Which is the natural order in the process of  language acquisition is concerned?
		
	
	Speaking, reading, writing, listening.
	 
	Listening, speaking, reading and writing.
	
	Speaking, listening, writing and reading.
	
	Speaking, writing, reading, listening.
	
	Listening , reading, writing, speaking.
	Respondido em 02/04/2020 21:52:53
	
Explicação:
Esta pergunta é válida para a aquisição de qualquer língua.
Como nosso curso é  de formação de professores, é importante que os alunos sintam como acontece a aquisição de uma língua, seja ela a materna ou uma língua estrangeira. Neste processo, o 'listening' sempre vem primeiro. Afinal, se a criança não ouve, como ela desenvolverá as demais habilidades da língua. Em segundo lugar, vem a habilidade de ´speaking´(fala), depois a leitura (reading) e, só então, a escrita (writing).
	
	
	 
	
	 3a Questão
	
	
	
	
	Who was the English writer who used a greater number of words in his literary production?
		
	
	George Orwell.
	
	Jane Austen.
	
	Chaucer.
	
	Virginia Woolf.
	 
	Shakespeare.
	Respondido em 02/04/2020 21:57:50
	
Explicação:
Como é mencionada na própria aula, Shakespeare foi o autor inglês que mais fez uso de palavras diferentes em suas obras..
	
	
	 
	
	 4a Questão
	
	
	
	
	Check which of the following sentences is written in formal English?
		
	
	I need to get in touch with my boss.
	
	Ivete Salgalo´s show was called off.
	 
	May I go to the restroom ?
	
	The police found out who the thief was.
	
	This exercise is a piece of cake.
	Respondido em 02/04/2020 21:58:00
	
Explicação:
No caso em questão, o aluno deve ser capaz de verificar qual das estruturas apresentadas está no inglês formal.
É importante que o aluno entenda que expressões idiomáticas são maneiras informais de alguém se comunicar.
A expressão ´piece of cake´significa fácil.
As outras opções possuem "phrasal verbs", o que torna a frase mais informal.
	
	
	 
	
	 5a Questão
	
	
	
	
	Which of the forms below may be used in a FORMAL context?
		
	
	a) good
	
	b) big
	
	e) hard
	 
	c) effective
	
	d) new
	Respondido em 02/04/2020 21:58:32
	
Explicação:
O aluno deve saber utilizar a formalidade e a informalidade de acordo com o contexto.
Effective - formal
All the others are informal.
	
	
	 
	
	 6a Questão
	
	
	
	
	Choose the alternative in which all the words have Latin origin:
		
	
	c) nominal, palliate, peregrination, malady, evil
	
	e) nefarious, nomadic, paradox, paragon, maze
	 
	d) malnutrition, mandate, legion, lethal, latent
	
	a) compare, mandate, legion, maze, short
	
	b) levity, liquidation, megalomania, neurotic, maze
	Respondido em 02/04/2020 22:00:37
	
Explicação:
latin origin words
compare - mandate - legion - levity - liquidation - megalomania - neurotic - peregrination - malady -  malnutrition- mandate - lethal - latent -  nefarious - nomadic - paradox - paragon.
	
	
	 
	
	 7a Questão
	
	
	
	
	As you know, the English vocabulary is composed by Latin-origin words and Anglo-Saxon words. The Latin-origin words are, in general, used in a more formal context. Match the words with their correspondent and select the option that has the correct order:
1. unimportant ( ) itinerant
2. wandering ( ) irrelevant
3. laconic ( ) lazy
4. lethal ( ) deadly
5. lax ( ) short
		
	
	b) 2 - 1 - 5 - 3 - 4
	
	c) 2 - 1 - 3 - 5 - 4
	
	e) 2 - 3 - 5 - 4 - 1
	 
	a) 2 - 1 - 5 - 4 - 3
	
	d) 2 - 1 - 4 - 5 - 3
	Respondido em 02/04/2020 22:03:52
	
Explicação:
O aluno deve saber utilizar a formalidade e a informalidade de acordo com o contexto.
unimportant - irrelevant
wandering - itinerant
laconic - short
lethal - deadly
lax - lazy
 
	
	
	 
	
	 8a Questão
	
	
	
	
	In which alternativeall words may be used in a FORMAL context?
		
	
	e) Exceed - many - photo
	
	a) Can't - as well as - carry out
	
	c) check - enough - contact
	 
	d) exceed - several- photograph
	
	b) should not - guy - in the red
	Respondido em 02/04/2020 22:05:22
	
Explicação:
many - informal
photo - informal
enough - informal
guy - informal
in the red - informal
can't - informal
carry out - informal
	Mark the only word which does not present a long i sound /i:/:
		
	 
	bid
	
	eat
	
	beat
	
	field
	
	bean
	Respondido em 19/04/2020 09:44:31
	
Explicação:
Marcar as diferenças entre sons breves e longos.
Bid - short sound - bɪd 
 
	
	
	 
	
	 2a Questão
	
	
	
	
	Which word sounds different?
		
	
	a) pray
	 
	e) salad
	
	b) way
	
	d) neighbour
	
	c) able
	Respondido em 19/04/2020 09:44:55
	
Explicação:
Pretende-se que o aluno saiba identificar os fonemas em inglês em diferentes palavras.
prey =-  (preɪ)
way =  (weɪ)
able =  (ˈeɪ bəl) 
neighbour = [ˈneɪbəʳ]
salad = (ˈsæləd)
 
	
	
	 
	
	 3a Questão
	
	
	
	
	Which word DOESN'T have a diphthong?
		
	
	d)near
	
	a) wear
	
	b) late
	 
	c)cat
	
	e) light
	Respondido em 19/04/2020 09:45:55
	
Explicação:
 
ear = EAR = diphthong
late - A = diphthong 
cat = no diphthong
near = EA  = diphthong
light = I  = diphthong
 
	
	
	 
	
	 4a Questão
	
	
	
	
	What is the CORRECT assertive?
		
	
	a) Triphone is the union of a diphthong plus two vowels.
	
	c) The letter w is a consonant at the end of a syllable. If it is anywhere else in the syllable, it is a semivowel.
	
	d) In a blend or cluster, two or three phonemes are blended together, and there is just one phoneme.
	 
	e) In a vowel digraph, there are two letters, with the first letter making a long sound and the second letter being silent.
	
	b) The letter y is a consonant at the end of a syllable. If it is anywhere else in the syllable, it is a vowel or a semivowel.
	Respondido em 19/04/2020 10:08:42
	
Explicação:
Triphones is union of a diphthong plus one vowel. The first sound is always that of a diphthong. If a vowel comes after a diphthong, a small tick is attached to that diphthong in the opposite direction. This tick will indicate that there is a vowel after diphthong but will not indicate which is that vowel.
e.g. diary -  loyal ¿ genuine  - renewal - denial
 
Examples of Y as a Consonant - yes - yam - yell - yellow - yogurt - yacht
Examples of Y as a Vowel - gym - my - cycle - baby - hairy  - sky - fairy
Examples of Y as a Semivowel ¿ valley
 
Examples of W as a Consonant ¿ winged ¿ why ¿ swell.
Examples of W as a semivowel ¿ bow ¿ jaw ¿known - lawn
 
BLEND OR CLUSTER
It is a combination of two or more letters, where all of the sounds can be distinguished.
 
A vowel digraph is two letters with the first letter making a long sound and the second letter is silent. We call this: "first one does the talking, the second keeps on walking."
In English include EA (teach), EE (free), EY (key), IE (piece),), OO (book), OA (road) and UE (true), AU (Audience), EO (people), IO (region), AI (main), OU (soul).
The digraph oo has two sounds. One is the sound heard in hook. The other sound is the sound heard in tooth.
 
 
	
	
	 
	
	 5a Questão
	
	
	
	
	Which alternative has an example of CONSONANT CLUSTER?
		
	
	d) with - TH
	
	e) clubbed - BB
	
	a) phone - PH
	 
	b) grab - GR
	
	c) vogue - GU
	Respondido em 19/04/2020 10:04:03
	
Explicação:
CONSONANT BLEND OR CLUSTER
Two or three consonants are blended together, each consonant sound may be heard in the blend. Some examples of consonant blends are:
bl¿black, cl¿clap, fl¿flip, gl¿glass, pl¿play, sl¿slip, br¿brick,
cr¿crab, dr¿drop, fr¿from, gr¿grab, pr¿press, tr¿trap, sc¿scale,
sk¿skip, sm¿smell, sn¿snail, sp¿ spill, rl ¿ world, st¿stop, sw¿swell, str ¿ stray (in which there are two clusters: s+t and t+r), xth ¿ sixth (in which the cluster is x+th)
DIGRAPH
A digraph is a combination of letters or characters used to represent a single speech sound.
EXAMPLES OF CONSONANT DIGRAPHS
CH = WH - PH -SS - GU - NG - SH - TH - CK - BB
	
 
	
	
	Gabarito
Coment.
	
	 
	
	 6a Questão
	
	
	
	
	Choose the odd sound:
		
	
	e) pose
	
	c) nose
	
	b) goes
	
	d) toes
	 
	a) shoes
	Respondido em 19/04/2020 10:04:57
	
Explicação:
Pretende-se que o aluno saiba identificar os fonemas em inglês em diferentes palavras.
shoes = (ʃuːs)
goes = (gəʊz)
nose = (nəʊz)
toes = (təʊs)
pose = (pəʊz)
	
	
	 
	
	 7a Questão
	
	
	
	
	Choose the odd sound:
		
	
	b) so
	 
	d) do
	
	e) low
	
	a) go
	
	c) no
	Respondido em 19/04/2020 10:05:56
	
Explicação:
go =  (ɡəʊ)
so =  (səʊ)
no =  (nəʊ)
do = (duː; unstressed dʊ; də)
low =(ləʊ)
 
	
	
	 
	
	 8a Questão
	
	
	
	
	How many phonemes are there in GLOW?
		
	 
	a) 3
	
	b) 2
	
	d) 5
	
	c) 4
	
	e) 6
	Respondido em 19/04/2020 10:07:08
	
Explicação:
Three. /g/ /l/ /o/. Even if  the /o/ has an /ow/ sound, it counts as one phoneme. The /w/ has a mute  sound. The same happens to show (2 phonemes) and words ending in ¿ w.
	1a Questão
	
	
	
	In which alternative the TH is voiced?
		
	
	d)Health
	
	a)Truth
	
	b)North
	 
	c)that
	
	e)Three
	Respondido em 19/04/2020 10:16:55
	
Explicação:
 
truth = (truːθ)
north =(nɔːθ)
that =  (ðæt; unstressed ðət)
health =  (hɛlθ)
three =(θriː)
θ = voiceless
ð = voiced
 
	
	
	 
	
	 2a Questão
	
	
	
	
	There are many phenomena involved in a consonant pronunciation. Which alternative is NOT true?
		
	 
	An example of glottal is the /t/ in ¿butter¿.
	
	Approximants are divided into the following two sub-classes: liquids and semi-vowels.
	
	Approximants are speech sounds that involve the articulators approaching each other but not narrowly enough or with enough articulatory precision to create turbulent airflow.
	
	Glottal is a phonological phenomenon that occurs in everyday informal English. The phonetic symbol for a glottal stop is ʔ.
	
	Intervocalic alveolar flapping (more accurately 'tapping') is a phonological process found in many dialects of English, especially North American English and Australian English, by which T and D surface as the tap [ɾ].
	Respondido em 19/04/2020 10:30:13
	
Explicação:
GLOTTAL
Glottal is a phonological phenomenon that occurs in everyday informal English. The phonetic symbol for a glottal stop is ʔ.
In a true glottal stop there is complete obstruction to the passage of air, and the result is a period of silence. Hold your breath.
 
It happens:
 
· With a t-sound before unstressed vowel
Fountain ¿ Foun- tain (like a hiccup)
Cur-tain
Bu-tton
 
· Before a final T
I can¿t
Let me know
 
· In front of a p, t or k if there is not a vowel immediately following
e.g. captive - kÆʔptiv,
catkin¿ kÆʔtkin,
arctic¿ a:ʔktik);
	
	
	Gabarito
Coment.
	
	 
	
	 3a Questão
	
	
	
	
	In which alternative the final /d/ is pronounced as /t/?
		
	
	c) lived
	
	d) listened
	 
	e) worked
	
	b) grabbed
	
	a) played
	Respondido em 19/04/2020 10:37:33
	
Explicação:
/d/ When the pronunciation of the infinitive ends in a VOWEL OR VOICED CONSONANT.
/t/ When the pronunciation of the infinitive ends with a voiceless consonant.
/d/ When the pronunciation of the infinitive ends with an alveolar stop consonant ¿ /d/ or /t/
	
	
	 
	
	 4a Questão
	
	
	
	
	In which word the first consonant has a voiceless sound?
		
	
	Mother.
	 
	Thought.
	
	Boat.
	
	Then.
	 
	These.
	Respondido em 19/04/2020 10:45:33
	
Explicação:
Voiced
B, D, G, J, L, M, N, Ng, R, Sz, Th (then), V, W, Y e Z.
Voiceless
Ch, F, K, P, S, Sh, T e Th (thing)
	
	
	 
	
	 5a Questão
	
	
	
	
	Which alternative presents the wrong concept of pronunciation?
		
	
	/d/ - When the pronunciation of the infinitive ends in a vowel or voiced consonant.
	 
	The -s is pronounced like /z/ - after sibilant sounds.
	
	/ d/ - When the pronunciation of the infinitive ends with an alveolarstop consonant /d/ or /t/.
	
	 /t/ - When the pronunciation of the infinitive ends with a voiceless consonant.
	
	The -s is pronounced like /s/ after voiceless sounds.
	Respondido em 19/04/2020 10:48:04
	
Explicação:
The -s is pronounced like /z/ after voiced sounds.  The -s is pronounced like /s/ after voiceless sounds. . The -s is pronounced with an additional syllable - similar to "iz" - after the following endings, both voiced and voiceless which are sibilant.
 
/d/ When the pronunciation of the infinitive ends in a VOWEL OR VOICED CONSONANT.
/t/ When the pronunciation of the infinitive ends with a voiceless consonant.
/d/ When the pronunciation of the infinitive ends with an alveolar stop consonant ¿ /d/ or /t/
	
	
	 
	
	 6a Questão
	
	
	
	
	Question:
►The grapheme 'x' in fox has as its phonetic symbol(s):
		
	
	/g/ and /z/
	
	/x/
	
	/k/ and /ʃ/
	
	/k/ and /z/
	 
	/k/ and /s/
	Respondido em 19/04/2020 10:48:46
	
Explicação:
Checagem: grafema, fonema, símbolo fonético.
fox =  (fɒks)
	
	
	 
	
	 7a Questão
	
	
	
	
	Question:
► Which phonetic symbol represents the sound of the grapheme g in the word suggestion?
		
	 
	/ʤ/
	
	/ᴣ/
	
	/g/
	
	/d/
 
	
	/ʧ/
	Respondido em 19/04/2020 10:49:41
	
Explicação:
suggestion =  (səˈdʒɛstʃən)
	
	
	 
	
	 8a Questão
	
	
	
	
	Concerning  the pronounciation of the - ed final ending  in English verbs,  choose the one whose sound would be /d/
		
	
	worked
	 
	grabbed
	
	watched
	
	clapped
	
	washed
	Respondido em 19/04/2020 10:51:05
	
Explicação:
/d/ When the pronunciation of the infinitive ends in a VOWEL OR VOICED CONSONANT.
/t/ When the pronunciation of the infinitive ends with a voiceless consonant.
/d/ When the pronunciation of the infinitive ends with an alveolar stop consonant  /d/ or /t/
Voiced
B, D, G, J, L, M, N, Ng, R, Sz, Th (then), V, W, Y e Z.
Voiceless
Ch, F, K, P, S, Sh, T e Th (thing)
	In which word the vowel has a long sound?
		
	 
	whom
	
	says
	 
	) against
	
	again
	
	said
	Respondido em 07/06/2020 11:03:14
	
Explicação:
Sight words are also called IRREGULAR WORDS OR OUTLAW WORDS. They are words that not follow these rules of long and short sound.
WHOM ¿ This should have short vowel sounds because they are closed syllables, like sat and cot, BUT IT HAS A LONG SOUND.
AGAIN, AGAINST, SAYS AND SAID ¿ These should have long a sounds because of the ai vowel combination, like say and pain. (digraph). Attention to the sound, BUT THEY HAVE A SHORT SOUND.
BEEN ¿ This should have a long e sound, like seen, BUT IT HAS A SHORT SOUND
The vowels i and o have the long vowel sound when followed by two or more consonants. Exceptions: MONTH, FRONT, OTHER,AMONG. (SHORT VOWEL SOUND)
When the vowel "o" is followed by "i," the two-vowel rule is not followed, as in "BOIL." ¿ neither long nor short.
	
	
	 
	
	 2a Questão
	
	
	
	
	In which alternative all the vowels have a short sound?
		
	
	a)Vase - see - meet - hit - beach
	
	d)Hill - bean - bin - fun --but
	 
	b)Bitch - hit - fun - bad - but
	
	e)Cane - bad - bed - set - seat
	
	c)But - beach - seat - hit - meet
	Respondido em 07/06/2020 11:04:04
	
Explicação:
 
meet - see - beach = long vowel sound
beach - seat - meet =  long vowel sound
bean  =  long vowel sound
cane - seat =  long vowel sound
	
	
	 
	
	 3a Questão
	
	
	
	
	Which word has a short /a/ sound?
		
	
	c) nail
	 
	e) act
	
	a) mail
	
	b) bake
	
	d) made
	Respondido em 07/06/2020 11:04:28
	
Explicação:
 
mail - long sound
bake - long sound
nail - long sound
made - long sound
act - short sound
 
	
	
	 
	
	 4a Questão
	
	
	
	
	Mark the only option which has a short sound:
		
	
	Tooth
	
	Too
	
	Blue
	 
	Full
	 
	Tuesday
	Respondido em 07/06/2020 11:05:06
	
Explicação:
Mostrar aos alunos as diferenças entre vogais breves e longas
	
	
	 
	
	 5a Questão
	
	
	
	
	IN which alternative there is a short vowel  /ɪ/?
		
	
	key
	
	tea
	 
	hit
	
	teeth
	
	sea
	Respondido em 07/06/2020 11:05:20
	
Explicação:
A vogal é curta em ¿hit¿. Em todas as outras opções ela é longa /i/.
	
	
	 
	
	 6a Questão
	
	
	
	
	Which word has the following sound : /ɔ:/
		
	 
	a) caught
	
	e) leave
	
	b) part
	
	d) too
	
	c) word
	Respondido em 07/06/2020 11:05:31
	
Explicação:
caught - /kɔːt/
part - /pɑː(r)t/
word -/wɜː(r)d/
too -  /tuː/
leave -  /liːv/
	
	
	 
	
	 7a Questão
	
	
	
	
	In which alternative there is an R-controlled vowel?
		
	
	e)Through
	
	d)Meet
	 
	a) Part
	
	b)Calm
	
	c)See
	Respondido em 07/06/2020 11:07:44
	
Explicação:
"Part" is the only word in which the vowel is followed by an /r/.
When a vowel is followed by an r, the r changes the sound that the vowel makes. The vowel is called an r-controlled vowel. Sometimes teachers refer to the ¿r¿ as the ¿bossy r¿ because the r ¿bosses¿ the vowel to make a new sound. When the ¿a¿ is followed by r, it makes the sound you hear in ¿bar¿ or ¿car¿. When the ¿o¿ is followed by the r, it makes the sound you hear in the word ¿corn¿. The ¿ir¿, ¿ur¿ and ¿er¿ make the same sound /er/ as in the words ¿bird¿, ¿fur¿ and ¿her¿.
	
	
	 
	
	 8a Questão
	
	
	
	
	In which alternative there is a free vowel?
		
	 
	bee
	
	bet
	
	putt
	
	bat
	
	put
	Respondido em 07/06/2020 11:08:30
	
Explicação:
In phonetics and phonology, checked vowels are those that usually must be followed by a consonant in a stressed syllable, while free vowels are those that may stand in a stressed open syllable with no following consonant. The free vowels are:
· /iː/ as in bee
· /eɪ/as in bay
· /ɝː/as in boo
· /oʊ/as in toe, no
· /ɔː/as in paw
· /ɑː/as in bra
· /ɝː/as in burr
· /aɪ/as in buy
· /aʊ/ as in cow, now
· /ɔɪ/as in boy
	How many syllables are there in CLOTHES, SLICE, JANE?
		
	
	a) 2- 2- 2
	
	c) 2 - 1 - 1
	
	d) 2 - 2 - 1
	 
	b) 1- 1 - 1
	
	e) 2 - 1 - 2
	Respondido em 07/06/2020 11:19:50
	
Explicação:
clothes - 1 syllable
slice - 1 syllable (magic -e)
Jane - 1 syllable (magic -e)
	
	
	 
	
	 2a Questão
	
	
	
	
	Which verb in the simple past has two syllables?
		
	
	e)Bragged
	
	d)Laughed
	 
	c)Landed
	
	b)Caused
	
	a)Walked
	Respondido em 07/06/2020 11:19:45
	
Explicação:
Regular past tense of monosyllabic verbs:
1. If the verbs end in \t\ and \d\, another syllable is added: \ed\ . Otherwise, it doesn¿t occur, because as we saw in class 4, when the pronunciation of the infinitive ends in a vowel or voiced consonant, the pronunciation of the _ed suffix will be /d/, and when the pronunciation of the infinitive ends with a voiceless consonant, the pronunciation of the _ed suffix will be /t/. So:
1. painted = 2 syllables (paint-ed)
2. walked = 1 syllable
3. landed = 2 syllables (land-ed)
4. caused = 1 syllable
5. laughed = 1 syllable
	
	
	Gabarito
Coment.
	
	 
	
	 3a Questão
	
	
	
	
	Read the following paragraph and complete it with the appropriate missing  words:
A syllable is formed ........ the mouth opens to say ........  and closes to say consonants. This act of opening and closing creates the ........ in words.
Every syllable must have a vowel, and every vowel makes a syllable. This means that the ........ of vowels in a word is equal to the number of syllables. It is the vowel that forms the syllable; syllables do not need to include a consonant. Syllables may, of course, include one or more consonants at the ........ or end, but a vowel can form a whole syllable on its own.
(www.logicofenglish.com/blog/66-teaching-methods )
		
	
	by  -  slangs  -  syllables  -  amount  -  spring
	
	at  -  words  -  spelling rules  -  characteristcs  -  beginning
	
	when  -  words  -  sound  -  difference  -  whole
	 
	as  -  vowels  -  rhythm  -  number  -  beginning
	
	while  -  letters  -  alphabet  -  characteristics  -  start
	Respondido em 07/06/2020 11:19:41
	
Explicação:
O objetivo aqui é verificar se o alunoé capaz de montar um texto lógico de posse das palavras dadas.
	
	
	 
	
	 4a Questão
	
	
	
	
	Select the WRONG alternative considering the word WINDOW.
		
	
	c) in first syllable the nucleus is [i]
	
	a) in the first syllable the onset is [w]
	
	d) in the second syllable the onset is [d]
	 
	e) in the second syllable the coda is [w]
	
	b) in the first syllable the rhyme is [in]
	Respondido em 07/06/2020 11:19:29
	
Explicação:
window = 2 syllables
First syllable: [win]
Onset = [ w ]
Rhyme = [ i n ]
Nucleus = [ i ]
Coda = [ n ]
 
Second syllable: [ d o ]
Onset = [ d ]
Rhyme = [ o ]
Nucleus = [ o ]
(This syllable has no coda)
	
	
	Gabarito
Coment.
	
	 
	
	 5a Questão
	
	
	
	
	In which alternative all the words are divided for the same reason?
		
	 
	e) music - motor - totem - open- meter
	
	d) fantastic - bandit - tiger - bonus - spice
	
	a) dinner - motor - totem - liken - meter
	
	c) dinner - sudden - summit - rabbit - meter
	
	b) dinner - sudden - summit - meter - rabbit
	Respondido em 07/06/2020 11:20:08
	
Explicação:
Usually divide before a single middle consonant.
When there is only one syllable, you usually divide in front of it, as in: "o/pen", "i/tem", "e/vil", and "re/port", ¿cu/pid¿, ¿ma/ter¿. The only exceptions are those times when the first syllable has an obvious short sound, as in "cab/in".
	
	
	 
	
	 6a Questão
	
	
	
	
	 How many syllables does the word Worrying have?
		
	
	2
	
	1
	
	3
	 
	4
	
	5
	Respondido em 07/06/2020 11:21:04
	
Explicação:
 O aluno deve estar consciente do número de sílabas nas palavras.
	
	
	 
	
	 7a Questão
	
	
	
	
	In practice what word can be divided?
		
	
	e) cabin
	 
	b) matter
	
	a) tickle
	
	d) paint
	
	c) slice
	Respondido em 07/06/2020 11:22:59
	
Explicação:
A split which gives only one or two letters at the beginning of the second line is never permissible, and one which gives only one or two letters at the end of the first line is undesirable, but not impermissible. (Exceptions are prefixes, such as re-, di-, etc.).
So: a word such as ¿actor¿ in practice would not be desirable, as  ¿ac-tor¿ would give two letters at the end of the first letter.
A word such as ¿painter¿ in practice would not be permissible, as ¿paint-er¿ would give two letters at the beginning of the second line.
	
	
	 
	
	 8a Questão
	
	
	
	
	Mark the only word which does not have a prefix or suffix:
		
	
	Supermarket
	
	acting
	
	Working
	 
	Husband
	
	Preview
	Respondido em 07/06/2020 11:23:20
	
Explicação:
Students should know about prefixes and suffixes.
	In which word Non-rhotic speakers would pronounce the R:
		
	
	a) butter
	 
	c) Rebecca
	
	d) her
	
	b) flowers
	
	e) bird
	Respondido em 07/06/2020 11:24:23
	
Explicação:
A RHOTIC accent will say every /R/ that is written. Speak aloud the following sentence and if you hear and feel yourself saying every /R/ sound, you are a RHOTIC speaker.
Let¿s analyse the following sentence:
Rebecca ran quickly through the flowers and around the river to catch Rover, her overactive dog.
NON-RHOTIC speakers say the /R/ sound ONLY if it is followed by a vowel sound.
	
	
	 
	
	 2a Questão
	
	
	
	
	 As we further study Phonetics in English, the appearance of the silent letters must be put into focus so a thorough understanding and practice of language can be acquired. Identify which group of words below is not composed entirely of examples of silent letters.
		
	
	iron, reign, know
	
	island, comb, numb
	
	knee, wrap, scene
	 
	answer, talk, half
	
	foreign, knife, bombs
	Respondido em 07/06/2020 11:25:51
	
Explicação:
The word "talk" does not possess a silent letter in it since all the letters are sounded in its pronunciation.
	
	
	 
	
	 3a Questão
	
	
	
	
	Mark the only word which does not have a silent letter:
		
	 
	Handsome
	
	Talk
	
	Factory
	
	Comb
	
	Knife
	Respondido em 07/06/2020 11:26:24
	
Explicação:
Os alunos devem reconhecer as letras mudas.
	
	
	 
	
	 4a Questão
	
	
	
	
	Which consonants are silent in CUPBOARD, CAMPBELL, BADGE?
		
	
	e) p, none, g
	
	a) p, p, g
	
	b) none, none, none
	
	c) none, p, d
	 
	d) p, p, d
	Respondido em 07/06/2020 16:35:14
	
Explicação:
O aluno deve saber a pronúncia dos fonemas em inglês e identificar as letras mudas.
CUPBOARD /p/ (kŭb′ərd)
CAMPBELL /p/ (kăm′bəl), 
BADGE /d/ (bædʒ) = dʒ = g.
 
	
	
	Gabarito
Coment.
	
	 
	
	 5a Questão
	
	
	
	
	What word has a silent letter in American accent but not in British one?
		
	
	a) silent
	
	e) lean
	 
	b) interesting
	
	b) interest
	
	c) lead
	Respondido em 07/06/2020 16:35:48
	
Explicação:
	WORDS
	LETTER
	AMERICAN
	BRITISH
	cemetery, different, omelet, several, temperature, interesting
	E
	cemetery, different, omelet, several, temperature, interesting
	cemetery, different, omelet, several, temperature, interesting
	
	
	 
	
	 6a Questão
	
	
	
	
	Considering a non-rhotic accent, how many "R's" would be pronounced in the following sentence: "Richard swam along the river to reach the other river bank."
		
	 
	4
	
	3
	
	2
	
	6
	
	5
	Respondido em 07/06/2020 16:37:07
	
Explicação:
NON-RHOTIC speakers say the /R/ sound ONLY if it is followed by a vowel sound.
Richard swam along the river to reach the other river bank.¿
 
	
	
	 
	
	 7a Questão
	
	
	
	
	Which word has the stress on the first syllable in American accent?
		
	
	b) ballet
	
	d) cliché
	
	e) detail
	
	a) adult
	 
	c) cigarette
	Respondido em 07/06/2020 16:37:42
	
Explicação:
First-syllable stress in RP but second-syllable stress in GA: adult, baton, ballet, beret, bidet, blasé, brochure, buffet, café, chalet, chauffeur, cliché, coupé, debris, debut, décor, detail, flambé, frappé, garage, parquet, pâté, précis, sachet, salon, vaccine.
 
Common words where GA has a first-syllable stress and RP has last-syllable are address, cigarette, magazine.
 
 
	
	
	 
	
	 8a Questão
	
	
	
	
	What many R's are pronounced in a non-rhotic accent in the following sentence?
 'Rebecca ran quickly through the flowers and around the river to catch Rover, her overactive dog.'
		
	
	b) 10
	
	d) 7
	
	a) 9
	 
	c) 8
	
	e) 6
	Respondido em 07/06/2020 16:41:21
	
Explicação:
A RHOTIC accent will say every /R/ that is written. Speak aloud the following sentence and if you hear and feel yourself saying every /R/ sound, you are a RHOTIC speaker.
Let¿s analyse the following sentence:
Rebecca ran quickly through the flowers and around the river to catch Rover, her overactive dog.
NON-RHOTIC speakers say the /R/ sound ONLY if it is followed by a vowel sound. 
Non-rhotic speakers would pronounce the R¿s in:
Rebecca ran quickly through the flowers and around the river to catch Rover, her overactive dog.
	1a Questão
	
	
	
	Which alternative has a function word?
		
	
	To have
	
	Happy
	
	Really
	 
	Between
	
	John
	Respondido em 07/06/2020 16:42:05
	
Explicação:
CONTENT WORDS  - Words which have meaning in themselves.
FUNCTION WORDS  - words which have little  or  no meaning  other than the grammatical idea they express.
	
	
	 
	
	 2a Questão
	
	
	
	
	Choose the alternative with the correct stressed syllable.
		
	 
	d) disPLAY
	
	e) to DElay
	
	b) DEvice
	
	a) to EXceed
	
	c) BElief
	Respondido em 07/06/2020 16:44:00
	
Explicação:
 
Words  that begin with a prefix.  (most of them) de-, re-, ex-, in-,po-, pro-, or a- = disPLAY     exCEED,     deVICE,    beLIEF, deLAY, exPLORE 
 
	
	
	 
	
	 3a Questão
	
	
	
	
	Which pair of words has the some pronunciation?
		
	
	a)Content (verb) - content (adjective)
	 
	d)read (verb)- reed (noun)
	
	c)Alternate (verb) - alternate (adjective)
	
	b)Contest (verb) - contest (noun)
	
	e)Use (verb) - use (noun)
	Respondido em 07/06/2020 16:45:22
	
Explicação:
conTENT (verb ) - CONTent (adjective)cont-EST (verb) - CONTest (noun)
 álternate(nIt) (adjective)                         álternate(neit) (verb)
use (verb - z sound) - use (noun - s sound)
	
	
	 
	
	 4a Questão
	
	
	
	
	Which sentence below has a falling pitch?
		
	
	b) Were they asleep?
	
	e) Let's go, shall we?
	
	c) Pay attention to your sister.
	 
	d) He is not going.
	
	a) Can you help me?
	Respondido em 07/06/2020 16:46:40
	
Explicação:
Falling Pitch.
1. Declarative statements.
Examples:   Linda  is  my sister .         He is not going .
2.  Questions that require more than YES/NO response (such question words include who, what, why, where, which, how)begin with an interrogative word (question words).
Examples:   What's this?          (It's a book.)
	
	
	Gabarito
Coment.
	
	 
	
	 5a Questão
	
	
	
	
	In which alternative the stress is WRONG?
		
	
	a)eighTEEN
	
	b)EIGHty
	
	c)yourSELF
	 
	e)exPORT(noun)
	
	d)comPLAIN (verb)
	Respondido em 07/06/2020 16:48:38
	
Explicação:
STRESS ON PENULTIMATE SYLLABLE (PENULTIMATE = SECOND FROM END) = PRESent, EXport, CHIna, TAble.
	
	
	Gabarito
Coment.
	
	 
	
	 6a Questão
	
	
	
	
	What is the stressed syllable in EN-VI-RON-MEN-TAL (primary accent)?
		
	
	b) VI
	
	c) RON
	 
	e) MEN
	
	d) TAL
	
	a) EN
	Respondido em 07/06/2020 16:52:13
	
Explicação:
The syllable before the last is heavy (a heavy syllable is the one that ends in a consonant) - this is the stressed) =  inTERnal, GRIEvance, ATLANtis, aDHErence, indePENdence, EvaNEScence
 
 
	
	
	Gabarito
Coment.
	
	 
	
	 7a Questão
	
	
	
	
	In which alternative the stressed syllable is wrong?
		
	
	to preSENT
	
	yourSELF
	
	beLIEF
	
	emploYEE
	 
	NINEteen 
	Respondido em 07/06/2020 16:52:50
	
Explicação:
STRESS ON ULTIMATE SYLLABLE (ULTIMATE = LASTSYLLABLE) - Numbers  ending in  -teen     
	
	
	 
	
	 8a Questão
	
	
	
	
	Choose the alternative with the correct stressed syllable.
		
	
	c) to OVERflow
	
	a) BAD- tempered
	
	b) OLD-fashioned
	 
	e) BLACKbird
	
	d) to UNDERstand
	Respondido em 07/06/2020 16:54:04
	
Explicação:
For compound adjectives, the stress is on the second part = bad-TEMpered, old-FASHioned
For compound verbs, the stress is on the second part = to underSTAND, to overFLOW
	Questão
	
	
	
	Which group of words ISN'T a minimal pair?
		
	
	a) pay - bay
	
	c) believe - belief
	
	d) sue - zoo
	 
	e) say - stay
	
	b) toy - boy
	Respondido em 07/06/2020 16:55:18
	
Explicação:
Here are four golden rules for minimal pairs:
1. they must have the same number of sounds
2. they must be identical in every sound except for one
3. the sound that is different must be in the same position in each wo
4. rd
5. the words must have different meanings
'say' and 'stay' have different number of phonemes.
	
	
	 
	
	 2a Questão
	
	
	
	
	Which word has a restricted phoneme?
		
	 
	a) sing
	
	c) steal
	
	e) toe
	
	b) peel
	
	d) steam
	Respondido em 07/06/2020 16:56:25
	
Explicação:
A restricted phoneme is a phoneme that can only occur in a certain environment: There are restrictions as to where it can occur. English has several restricted phonemes:
/ŋ/, as in sing, occurs only at the end of a syllable, never at the beginning
/h/ occurs only before vowels and at the beginning of a syllable, never at the end
In non-rhotic dialects, /r/ can only occur before a vowel, never at the end of a word or before a consonant.
	
	
	 
	
	 3a Questão
	
	
	
	
	Which of the words below  is an example of Homograph ?
		
	
	Dish.
	
	Window.
	 
	Desert .
	
	Sleep.
	
	Ball.
	Respondido em 07/06/2020 16:57:51
	
Explicação:
Desert, as a noun, is an area, often covered with sand or rocks, where  there is very little rain and not many plants: They were lost in the desert for nine days.
Desert, as a verb, means to leave the armed forces without permission and with no intention of returning: Soldiers who deserted and were caught were shot.
(dictionary.cambridge.org )
	
	
	 
	
	 4a Questão
	
	
	
	
	Which alternative does not have a minimal pair?
		
	
	bat - but
	
	desk - disk
	
	bye - pie
	 
	fast - part
	
	sit - seat
	Respondido em 07/06/2020 19:24:48
	
Explicação:
Minimal pairs - two words that are identical in every way except for one sound. And that one sound creates a whole new word. Here are four golden rules for minimal pairs:
1. they must have the same number of sounds
2. they must be identical in every sound except for one
3. the sound that is different must be in the same position in each word
4. the words must have different meanings
	5. 
	
	 
	
	 5a Questão
	
	
	
	
	There are some particularities regarding English Phonology specially in terms of meaning, pronunciation and spelling of words and their connections. Mark the incorrect answer according to the notions of Homonyms, Homophones and Homographs.
		
	
	"Bow" is a homograph since the same spelling means both "the front of a ship" and "a type of knot" but with different pronunciation.
	
	"Stalk" is a homonym because it can have several meaning with the same spelling.
	
	"To", "too" and "two" are homophones because they have the same sound but different spelling.
	
	The words "read' and "reed" are homophones.
	 
	An example of a homophone is the word "bark".
	Respondido em 07/06/2020 19:25:54
	
Explicação:
The word 'bark" is a homonym since the different meanings "the sound of a dog" and "the skin of a tree" have the same spelling and the same pronunciation.
	
	
	 
	
	 6a Questão
	
	
	
	
	Choose the right alternative.
1. homonym 2. homograph 3. homophone
 ( ) different meaning, different spelling, same pronunciation
 ( ) different meaning, same spelling, different pronunciation
( ) different meaning, same spelling, same pronunciation
		
	
	e) 2 - 1 - 3
	
	c) 3 - 1 - 2
	
	a) 1 - 2- 3
	 
	b) 3 - 2 -1
	
	d) 2 - 3 - 1
	Respondido em 07/06/2020 19:30:07
	
Explicação:
homonym - the same spelling and the same pronunciation but have different meanings.
rose (flower) and rose (past tense of rise).
stalk (part of a plant) and stalk (follow/harass a person)
​​​​​​​Homophones = same sound, different spelling
to, too, two
there, their, they¿re
read (peruse) and reed (waterside plant)
 
Homographs = different sound, same spelling (Also called in English HETERONYM)
bow (the front of a ship) and bow (a type of knot).
row (to argue or an argument) and row (as in to row a boat or a row of seats - a pair of homophones).
 
	
	
	 
	
	 7a Questão
	
	
	
	
	Perhaps the biggest difference between British and American English lies in the pronunciation. In British English, many vowels have different sounds and are usually not nasalized. In which alternative this difference is wrong?
		
	 
	In British English the "t" between vowels is pronounced as a soft "d" (/d/), so that writer and rider sound similar. American English speakers usually pronounce the "t" as /t/.
	
	Stressed vowels are usually longer in American English.
	
	In British English the consonant /r/ is pronounced only before a vowel (for example in red and bedroom). In all other cases the /r/ is silent, sounding more similar to the sound "ah" (for example in car, learn, over). In American English the /r/ is always pronounced wherever it appears in word.
	
	In British English, the "a" in words like can't, class and fast is pronounced at the back of the mouth whereas in America English it's pronounced at the front of the mouth.
	
	The pot is hot - In British English, the "o" in words like pot and hot is pronounced by rounding lips.
	Respondido em 07/06/2020 19:31:57
	
Explicação:
In American English the "t" between vowels is pronounced as a soft "d" (/d/), so that writer and rider sound similar. British English speakers usually pronounce the "t" as /t/.
	
	
	Gabarito
Coment.
	
	 
	
	 8a Questão
	
	
	
	
	Which group isn´t a minimal pair?
		
	
	desk- disk
	
	 sit - seat
	 
	catch - caught
	
	 fan - van
	
	wait - wet
	Respondido em 07/06/2020 19:31:58
	
Explicação:
Rules for minimal pairs:
1. they must have the same number of sounds
2. they must be identical in every sound except for one
3. the sound that is different must be in the same position in each word
4. the words must have different meanings
	Questão
	
	
	
	There are many concepts in the study of the transcription process in English language and their understanding is vital for the clarification of how the language functions. Mark the statement below that has false information.
		
	
	Approximants are speech sounds that involve the articulators approaching each other but not narrowly enough or with enough articulatory precision to create turbulent airflow.
	
	Accent may refer to prominence given to a syllable, usually by the use of pitch.
	
	An allophone is one of a set of multiple possible spoken sounds used to pronounce a single phoneme.
	 
	The BBC pronunciation is the only proper English pronunciation.
	
	Accent also refers to a particular way of pronouncing: Scottish accent, Canadian accent, etc...
	Respondido em 07/06/2020 19:35:23
	
Explicação:
This statement is based on an old-fashioned way of thinking. Nowadays, with the inclusion of multiculturalism, all types of English pronunciations are taken into consideration and there is no single correct accent.
	
	
	 
	
	 2a Questão
	
	
	
	
	Which word has a vowel diphthong?
		
	
	let
	
	sit
	 
	fine
	
	bit
	
	met
	Respondido em 07/06/2020 19:35:55
	
Explicação:
Vowel diphthong refers to the blending of two vowels sounds, both vowel sounds are usually heard and they make a gliding sound.
 
	
	
	 
	
	 3a Questão
	
	
	
	
	Mark the word which does not have a right transcription:
		
	
	/gǽlɪksi/ galaxy
	
	/luni/ loonie
	
	[mʌ́ŋki/     monkey
	 
	/'kwir/   choir
	
	/strowk/ stroke
	Respondido em 07/06/2020 19:36:00
	
Explicação:
choir =  /kwaɪə(r)/
	
	
	 
	
	 4a Questão
	
	
	
	
	Choose the transcription that represents the word "wrote". /rəʊt/ /wrot/ /rot/ /wroti/ /rɔti/
		
	 
	/rəʊt/
	
	/rot/
	
	/wrot/
	
	/wroti/
	
	/rɔti/
	Respondido em 07/06/2020 19:36:48
	
Explicação:
WROTE = (rəʊt)
	
	
	 
	
	 5a Questão
	
	
	
	
	In which word the /s/ has a /z/ sound?
		
	 
	nose
	
	dose
	
	mouse (noun)
	
	loose (adjective)
	
	house (noun)
	Respondido em 07/06/2020 19:36:46
	
Explicação:
house (noun) = haʊs
mouse (noun) = maʊs
loose (adjective) = luːs
dose = dəʊs
nose = nəʊz 
	
	
	 
	
	 6a Questão
	
	
	
	
	Choose the transcription that represents the word "through".
		
	
	/ðru/
	
	/tru/
	 
	/θru/
	
	/ðrou/
	
	/θrou/
	Respondido em 07/06/2020 19:37:01
	
Explicação:
THROUGH = /θruː/
 
	
	
	 
	
	 7a Questão
	
	
	
	
	Which word has the same number of phonemes as in CHOOSE?
		
	 
	d) wait
	
	a) be
	
	b) ate
	
	c) takes
	
	e) bags
	Respondido em 07/06/2020 19:37:59
	
Explicação:
 
CHOOSE = 3 PHONEMES = /tʃuːz/
BE = 1 PHONEME
ATE = 2 PHONEMES
TAKES = 4 PHONEMES
WAIT = (wāt) = 3 PHONEMES
BAGS = 4 PHONEMES
 
	
	
	Gabarito
Coment.
	
	 
	
	 8a Questão
	
	
	
	
	What's the word? /'rench/ - /'slik/ - /'nat/
		
	 
	d) wrench - slick - gnat
	
	b) wrench - slick - not
	
	e) rent - slick - gnat
	
	c) ranch - slick - gnat
	
	a) ranch - slick - not
	Respondido em 07/06/2020 19:38:35
	
Explicação:
Nestas transcrições devem-se considerar as letras mudas.
 WRENCH = (rĕnch) 
GNAT =  (năt)
SLICK =  (slĭk)
Minimal pairs