Prévia do material em texto

EXAME REALIZADO EM 14 DE SETEMBRO DE 2019. 
 
READING PROFICIENCY EXAM 
I. Leia o artigo a seguir e marque a opção adequada ao sentido do texto. 
In some rural agricultural societies, the collection of available fuel such as firewood, dung cake, 
and agricultural waste can take 200 to 300 person-days per year. As well as being time consuming, the 
typical patterns of collection lead to deforestation, soil erosion, and ecological imbalances. In the future, 
experts predict that even if food supplies are adequate for rural populations, fuel supplies for domestic 
use may not be. 
In the light of such considerations, a team in India has developed a solar oven for home use. The 
oven is cheaply constructed, easily operated, and extremely energy efficient. The device consists of an 
inner and outer metal box, a top cover, and two panes of pain glass. The inner box is painted black to 
absorb maximum solar radiation. The space between the two boxes is filled with an insulating material, 
such as rice husks, which are easily available and which, because of their high silicon content, neither 
attract insects nor rot easily. Other easily available materials for insulation are ground nutshells or 
coconut shells. An adjustable mirror mounted on one side of the oven box reflects the sunlight into the 
interior, boosting the temperatures by 15-30 degrees Celsius. This is most useful during the winter when 
the sun is lower. Inside the oven, a temperature between 80 and 120 degrees Celsius above ambient 
temperature can be maintained. This is sufficient to cook food gradually but surely. Trials have shown 
that all typical food dishes can be prepared in this solar device without loss of taste or nutrition. (From 
Gear, J. and Gear, R. Cambridge Preparation for the TOEFL Test, 2016) 
 
1. Este texto é principalmente sobre: 
 
a) Desmatamento rural 
b) Uso de cascas do arroz como material de isolamento térmico 
c) Manutenção da temperatura em um forno solar 
d) Desenho e uso de um forno solar 
 
EXAME DE PROFICIÊNCIA DE LEITURA EM LÍNGUA ESTRANGEIRA: 
INGLÊS 
CHAVE DE RESPOSTAS 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
2. Todos os termos seguintes são mencionados como combustíveis típicos em algumas regiões 
rurais agrícolas com EXCEÇÃO de: 
 
a) Lenha 
b) Bolo de estrume 
c) Energia solar 
d) Resíduos agrícolas 
 
3. A palavra “their” negritada no texto está relacionada a : 
 
a) Caixas térmicas 
b) Cascas de arroz 
c) Cascas de nozes 
d) Cascas de côcos 
 
4. A palavra “adjustable” tem no texto o sentido próximo a: 
 
a) Móvel 
b) Acatado 
c) Versátil 
d) Intercambiável 
 
5. Conforme o texto, o uso de um espelho aumenta a temperatura em: 
 
a) 80-120 graus Celsius 
b) No mínimo 80 graus Celsius 
c) Até 30 graus Celsius 
d) Acima de graus Celsius 
 
6. Tal espelho é mais útil 
 
a) Ao meio dia 
b) Quando falta lenha 
c) Para melhorar a nutrição 
d) Durante o inverno 
 
 
 
 
II. Leia o texto com atenção e responda as perguntas que o seguem. 
 
ANTHROPOLOGY 
 
We shall outline the four major subfields of anthropology that have emerged in the twentieth century: 
physical anthropology, archeology, linguistics and cultural anthropology. 
Physical anthropology deals with human biology across space and time. It is divided into two areas: 
paleontology, the study of the fossil evidence of the primate ( including human) evolution, and 
neontology, the comparative biology of living primates, including population and molecular genetics, 
body shapes ( morphology), and the extent to which behavior is biologically programed. 
 
 
Archeology is the systematic retrieval and analysis of the physical remains left behind by human beings, 
including both their skeletal and cultural remains. Both the classical civilizations and prehistoric groups, 
including our prehuman ancestors, are investigated. 
Linguistics is the study of language across space and time. Historical linguistics attempts to trace the 
tree of linguistic evolution and to reconstruct ancestral language forms. Comparative (or structural) 
linguistics attempts to describe formally the basic elements of languages and the rules by which they are 
ordered into intelligible speech. 
Cultural anthropology includes different perspectives and specialized subdisciplines but is concerned 
primarily with describing the forms of social organization and the cultural systems of human groups. In 
technical usage, ethnography is the description of the social and cultural systems of one particular 
group, whereas ethnology is the comparison of such descriptions for the purpose of generalizing about 
the nature of all human groups. 
( From Hunter, D. E and Whitten, P. The Study of Anthropology 2015) 
 
7. De que trata este texto? 
 
Das áreas da antropologia que surgiram no século XX: antropologia física, arqueologia, linguística e 
antropologia cultural. 
 
 
8. Como é definida a arqueologia? 
 
A Arqueologia é a recuperação e análise sistemática de restos físicos deixados atrás por seres 
humanos, incluindo tanto os esqueletos e restos culturais. 
 
9. Conforme o texto, o que abrange a linguística comparativa? 
 
A linguística comparativa busca descrever formalmente os elementos e as regras das línguas por meio 
das quais se realiza o discurso inteligível. 
 
 
10. Segundo os autores, de que trata a antropologia cultural? 
 
A antropologia cultural abrange perspectivas diferentes e subáreas especializadas, mas está 
relacionada principalmente com a descrição de formas de organização social e de sistemas culturais 
de grupos humanos.