Prévia do material em texto

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Módulo 19 – Text
1. O excerto abaixo foi adaptado do conto “True Love” de
Isaac Asimov.
a) Do que Milton Davidson está cansado?
b) Por que Milton Davidson não se casou e o que ele es pe ra
que Joe faça por ele?
RESOLUÇÃO:
a) Milton Davidson está cansado de aperfeiçoar o com -
putador (Joe) a fim de resolver os problemas do mundo.
b) Milton Davidson não se casou por não ter encon trado a
mulher certa. Ele espera que Joe resolva seu problema,
encontrando seu amor verdadeiro.
Módulo 20 – Text
Global 
Handwashing Day
October 15, 2009
Although people around the world wash their hands with
water, very few wash their hands with soap at critical moments.
Global Handwashing Day will be the centerpiece of a week of
activities that will mobilize millions of people across five
continents to turn handwashing with soap before eating and
after using the toilet into an ingrained habit. This could save
more lives than any single vaccine or medical intervention,
cutting deaths from diarrhea by almost half and deaths from
acute respiratory infections by about a quarter.
(Adaptado de
http://www.globalhandwashingday.org/Global_Handwashing_
Day_2nd_Edition.pdf. Acessado em 16/07/2009.)
2.
a) Que hábito a campanha descrita no texto pretende incentivar?
b) Segundo o texto, em quanto esse hábito pode reduzir as
taxas de mortalidade?
RESOLUÇÃO:
a) A campanha pretende incentivar o hábito de se lavar as
mãos com sabão (sabonete), antes de comer e depois de
usar o toalete.
b) Esse hábito pode reduzir em quase 50% as mortes por
diarreia e em aproximadamente 25% as mor tes por
infecções respiratórias severas.
Módulo 21 – Text
(Adaptado de http://www.post-
gazette.com/robrogers/Default.asp?m=5&d=31&y=2005.
Acessado em 21/09/2009.)
3.
a) A terceirização de empregos é fonte de preocupação de um
dos personagens do cartum. Identifique dois outros
problemas do “mundo real” apontados pelos persona gens.
b) Na quarta fala, a palavra “real” é utilizada como um
advérbio para enfatizar a reação do personagem face aos
problemas apontados. Qual é essa reação?
RESOLUÇÃO:
a) Outros problemas apontados pelos personagens são: os
altos custos de moradia e planos de saúde e a perda real
das aposentadorias.
b) O personagem reage afirmando que está real mente
tentado a permanecer na escola, em vez de enfrentar o
mundo real.
My name is Joe. That is what my colleague, Milton
Davidson, calls me. He is a programmer and I am a
computer. I am Milton’s experimental model. His Joe.
Milton has never married, though he is nearly 40 years old.
He has never found the right woman, he told me. One day he
said, “I’ll find her yet, Joe. I’m going to find the best. I’m
going to have true love and you’re going to help me. I’m
tired of improving you in order to solve the problems of the
world. Solve my problem. Find me true love.”s
(T. Kral (org.), Being People – An Anthology. 
Washington, D.C.: USIA, s/d, p. 183.)
GRAMMAR AND TEXTS
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Módulo 22 – Text
4.
a) A que fenômeno se refere o termo “cocooning”?
b) A que se deve esse fenômeno, segundo o autor do tex to?
RESOLUÇÃO:
a) O termo “cocooning” refere-se ao fenômeno em que as
pessoas preferem permanecer na segurança e conforto
de seus lares em comunidades fechadas.
b) Esse fenômeno deve-se à constante circulação de ima -
gens assustadoras nos meios de comunicação de massa.
Módulo 23 – Grammar – Passive Voice
5. Shakespeare wrote Hamlet.
Hamlet was written by Shakespeare.
6. Jim is going to paint the wall.
The wall is going to be painted by Jim.
7. Mr. Dawson eats avocado with sugar.
Avocado is eaten with sugar by Mr. Dawson.
8. The police have arrested many thieves.
Many thieves have been arrested by the police.
9. People say that she is rich.
It’s said that she is rich.
She is said to be rich.
10. John sent Sheila many flowers.
Many flowers were sent to Sheila.
Sheila was sent many flowers.
Módulo 24 – Text
AID WITH LESS BAGGAGE
By Silvia Spring
Com base no texto I, responda às questões 11 e 12 em português
e à questão 13 em inglês.
11. No que diz respeito à maneira como a ajuda humanitária
internacional é implementada, explicite:
a) o procedimento convencional;
b) o procedimento inovador.
RESOLUÇÃO:
a) O procedimento convencional é a distribuição de bens
de primeira necessidade.
b) O procedimento inovador é a ajuda em dinheiro.
12. Cite dois problemas que esse novo procedimento visa evitar.
RESOLUÇÃO:
Dois dentre os seguintes:
– os custos de transporte de mercadorias
– corrupção por parte dos gestores
– roubo de mercadorias
– ineficiência das ONGs
– má gestão na condução da ajuda
13. Transcreva do texto os termos que foram substituídos por:
a) “their” (linha 5); b) “them” (linha 17).
RESOLUÇÃO:
a) (some) aid recipients (in this beleaguered African nation)
b) (new) strategies
Cocooning
Cocooning describes a phenomenon whereby people will
want to stay inside the safety and comfort of their homes in
gated communities. This is partially due to the constant
circulation of frightening images in the mass media. Thus,
people will do more from their homes; they will spend more
money to make their homes comfortable and complete. As a
result, jobs related to home entertainment systems and home
remodeling will abound.
(Adaptado de http://www.careerplanner.com/Career-
Articles/Hot_Jobs.cfm#HotJobs. 
Acessado em 18/10/2009.)
The last thing you’d probably expect to see aMalawian drought victim do is whip out her ATMcard and pull cash out of a machine. But that’s
exactly how some aid recipients in this beleaguered African
nation now receive their monthly entitlements. […]
It’s a novel development idea that’s catching on
around the world. Until recently, most of the world’s relief
aid came in the form of material goods like food, water,
blankets, medicines or building materials, delivered by
international staff that parachute into disaster areas, or
local NGOs funded by rich donors. But in recent years, as
the nonprofit world increasingly come under fire for
inefficiency, mismanagement and even corruption, there
has been a push for new strategies. Cash aid, which has
been delivered to about 100,000 aid recipients in
countries like Bangladesh, Pakistan, and Ethiopia via
pilot programs, is one of them.
The idea behind cash aid is to cut the cost of aid
delivery, reduce opportunities for corruption and theft of
goods, and empower aid recipients by giving them more
control over their own well-being. […]
(Newsweek, June 11, 2007: 35.)
5
10
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Módulo 19 – Text 
Losing Weight
It’s all in the snacks
Most people see losing weight as a 24/7 battleagainst fat, calories and overeating – in otherwords, a battle they’re sure to lose. But a new
survey by Nutricise, an online weight-loss program
(nutricise.com), suggests that skirmishes may work better than
all-out war. Nearly all the 400 people surveyed said they usually
overate at the same time every day. Just under a third tended to
wolf down goodies in the afternoon; more than a third gorged
during prime-time television hours. Candies, cookies and
doughnuts were the main temptations, providing many noshers
with 300 to 500 calories per snack.
With a target that fat, you don’t have to change your whole
diet to lose weight. Suppose you could shave just 100 calories
out of the daily indulgence – by forgoing a cookie or a third of
a candy bar, or by substituting frozen yogurt for premium
icecream. If you persevered, you would lose approximately 10
pounds over the course of a year, even while leaving the rest of
your diet alone. Small sacrifice, big return.
(Newsweek)
1. The text is mainly about
a) theway the obese are losing weight.
b) the ideal number of calories a person should intake a day.
c) a daily indulgence.
d) a new kind of diet.
e) the benefits of being a couch-potato.
2. The survey mentioned in the text has found that
a) it’s nearly impossible to lose weight if you eat too much in
the afternoon.
b) you won’t regain what you lost if you quit premium
icecream.
c) by reducing 100 calories out of your daily diet, you may
lose about 5 kilos in a year.
d) if you really want to lose weight, you have to reschedule all
your diet.
e) you won’t put on weight if you overeat at the same time
every day.
3. A synonym for “to gorge” is
a) to squeeze. b) to fast. c) to eat greedily. 
d) to eat less. e) to chew.
Vocabulary
a 24/7 battle = uma batalha constante
skirmishes = conflitos
all-out war = guerra total
to wolf down = devorar
goodies = guloseimas
noshers = “aqueles que gostam de beliscar”
target = objetivo, alvo
to shave out = reduzir
to forgo = abrir mão de, renunciar a
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396 –
Módulo 20 – Text 
Vacation Homes
There's no Place like Home
There was a time when only royalty and the very rich
owned vacation homes abroad. That's changed. Though money
still helps, in the last few years holidaying in your own overseas
property has become much more common. “There is no doubt
that the vacation-home market has recently increased in
popularity,” says Piers Brunner, a managing director.
People are buying these secondary homes because, well,
they can. More and more countries now allow foreigners to own
property at relatively affordable prices. Elsewhere, developers
now step in to take care of the legalities. And though experts
say that most people still buy real estate within a four-hour ride
of their primary residence, improved travel routes have opened
up new markets, especially in Asia and Europe. Among the
hottest new destinations: Sri Lanka, Spain and Hungary. 
Buying a vacation home can also be a good investment.
Henrietta Wheatman earned $50,000 last year by renting out her
Thai villa, more than offsetting the $24,000 it costs annually to
maintain and staff the house. All her vacation homes have
appreciated up to 100 percent, and practically pay for
themselves through rentals brought in by referrals and Web
sites.
(adapted from Newsweek)
1. According to the passage, 
a) more and more people would rather spend their holidays in
their own countries.
b) people are increasingly buying vacation properties abroad.
c) most people still buy vacation properties distant from
home.
d) you have to be very wealthy to buy a holiday home since
prices have been increasing lately.
e) holidaying overseas is surely cheaper than holidaying in
your own city.
2. Henrietta Wheatman
a) intends to buy properties in Sri Lanka, Spain and Hungary.
b) has paid around $24,000 for her Thai vacation property.
c) 's houses have developed into a highly profitable business.
d) has been living overseas since she decided to buy a house
in Thailand.
e) regrets having bought so many holiday homes.
3. In: "Though money still helps, ...”, the underlined word is
closest in meaning to:
a) Despite the fact. b) So. c) However.
d) But. e) Because.
Vocabulary
to allow = permitir
affordable prices = preços acessíveis
elsewhere = em outros lugares
though = embora
real estate = bens imobiliários
to rent out = alugar
to offset = compensar
rentals = aluguéis
False Friends
experts = especialistas
estate = propriedades, bens
Atenção: estes também são “false friends”
to push = empurrar
to realize = compreender
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Módulo 21 – Text 
Pyramids
Synthetic stones clue to
mystery of pyramids
A French industrial chemist says he has discovered how
the ancient Egyptians built the great pyramids of Giza with only
primitive tools–they poured their own synthetic stones one on
top of another.
‘We have now studied the stones from a chemical and a
microscopic point of view and we have proof they are
synthetic,’ Dr Joseph Davidovits told the Miami Herald.
He said a strand of hair gave him the clue to the puzzle that
has baffled scholars for nearly 5,000 years.
Archaeologists have long wondered how a society without
sophisticated machinery hauled millions of blocks of stone from
pits that were miles away and then stacked them up to 40 storeys
high.
Some have theorised that brute strength or pulleys were the
key. Others have even credited extra-terrestrial creatures with
the feat.
Davidovits said his tests on five small casing stones from
the largest of the great pyramids showed they were composed
of a limestone fossil-shell concrete. He said the substance was
bound together so well that it almost could not be distinguished
from natural stone.
He says his theory is proved by a two and a half centimetre
long strand of human hair found encased in one of the stones.
The hair fell into the mixture when the pyramid was being
poured, he said.
‘We think the mixture was transported in baskets that
weighed 20 or 30 pounds,’ said Davidovits, ‘It wasn’t easy for
the Egyptians but they did not need 50,000 or 100,000 workers
as is assumed. We speculate there were 1,500 workers on site.’
(Miami Herald)
1. How could the French chemist prove that the great
pyramids were built with synthetic stones?
a) He used primitive tools.
b) He used a microscope.
c) He discovered that the Egyptians had used strength or
pulleys.
d) He saw a long strand of human hair in a stone.
e) He was aware that extra-terrestrial creatures had built the
pyramids.
2. Why were scholars baffled for nearly 5,000 years?
a) Because they discovered the stones of the pyramids were
synthetic.
b) Because there were 50,000 or 100,000 workers building
the pyramids.
c) Because the substance was bound together so well it could
not be distinguished from natural stone.
d) Because a long strand of human hair was found encased in
one of the stones.
e) They couldn't explain how the workers could have
transported millions of blocks of stones to build the pyramids.
3. According to the chemist, how was the mixture of the
stones transported?
a) With a system of pulleys.
b) There were 50,000 or 100,000 workers to do this job.
c) There were 1,500 workers to do this job.
d) In baskets.
e) With primitive tools.
Vocabulary
tools = ferramentas
to pour = descarregar
a strand of hair = um fio de cabelo
clue = dica
to baffle = intrigar
to haul = puxar
to stack up = empilhar
limestone = calcário
Double Sense Words
chemist = { químicofarmacêutico
to wonder = maravilhar-se{querer saber, perguntar-se
Atenção
figure = figura{número
faint = desmaio{ leve
major = major{principal
minute = minuto{mínimo
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Módulo 22 – Text 
Birds
The extinction of many species of birds has undoubtedly been hastened by modern man; since 1600 it has been estimated that
approxi mately 100 bird species have become extinct over the world. In North America, the first species known to be annihilated was
the great auk, a flightless bird that served as an easy source of food and bait for Atlantic fishermen through the beginning of the
nineteenth century.
398 –
1. You may deduce from the passage that the great auk
disappeared
a) before 1600. b) in the 1600s.
c) in the 1800s. d) in the 1900s.
e) in the last fifty years.
2. It can be inferred from the passage that the great auk was
killed because
a) it was eating the fishermen's catch.
b) fishermen used to eat it.
c) it flew over fishing areas.
d) it baited fishermen.
e) it couldn't find anything to eat.
3. “To be hastened”, in the text, could be translated as
a) ser liderada. b) ser concluída.c) ser prejudicada. d) ser interrompida.
e) ser acelerada.
Vocabulary
auk = alca (ave) 
bait = isca
Atenção
Não confunda
heat
energy
source of { light (= fonte) comfortpridedisappointment
money
resource of skills
(= recurso) { uranium(= reservas) oil
coal
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Módulo 23 – Grammar – Passive Voice
1. Change active to passive:
Someone is going to announce the results of the contest.
The results of the contest ............................. .
a) were announced b) was announced
c) have been announced d) are going to announce
e) are going to be announced
2. Change active to passive:
The carpenter has fixed this chair several times.
This chair ........................ by the carpenter several times.
a) was fixed b) had been fixed
c) has been fixing d) had fixed
e) has been fixed
3. The active voice of “The coffee was being made when I
walked into the kitchen” is:
........................................ when I walked into the kitchen.
a) Someone made the coffee
b) They were made the coffee
c) Somebody have made the coffee
d) They were making the coffee
e) Someone were making the coffee
4. Change active to passive:
A bee stung Alice while she was sitting in the garden.
....................................... while she was sitting in the garden.
a) Alice was sting by a bee.
b) Alice was stung by a bee.
c) Alice has been stung by a bee.
d) Alice stings a bee.
e) Alice was stinging by a bee.
5. Change active to passive:
People say that she sings well.
a) People is said that she sings well.
b) She is said that she sings well.
c) She is said to sing well.
d) People are said that she sings well.
e) She sings well is said.
6. The active voice of “Peter should be told about his grades”
is:
a) Someone should tell Peter about his grades.
b) They should to tell Peter about his grades.
c) They should have told Peter about his grades.
d) Peter should tell him about his grades.
e) Somebody told Peter about his grades.
7. Change active to passive:
Nobody told me that the teacher was in hospital.
....................... that the teacher was in hospital.
a) I have been told b) I wasn’t told
c) I was told d) I hadn’t been told
e) They didn’t tell me
8. Change active to passive:
Is Jack closing the windows?
a) The windows are being closed by Jack?
b) Have the windows been closed by Jack?
c) Are the windows closing Jack?
d) Are the windows being closed by Jack?
e) Are the windows been closed by Jack?
9. The active voice of “The report wasn’t written by the
employees” is:
a) The employees haven’t written the report.
b) The employees didn’t wrote the report.
c) The employees hadn’t written the report.
d) The employees weren’t writing the report.
e) The employees didn’t write the report.
10. Change active to passive:
Drivers must obey certain rules. 
Certain rules ............... by drivers.
a) must have obeyed b) has to be obeyed
c) must be obeyed d) must to be obeyed
e) must be obeying
11. Change active to passive: 
Someone has stolen his wallet.
His wallet ....................... .
a) is stolen b) has been stolen
c) was stolen d) had been stolen
e) stole
12. Change active to passive:
Someone is considering Jennifer for that job.
a) Jennifer is considered for that job.
b) Jennifer was considered for that job.
c) Jennifer will be considered for that job.
d) Jennifer is being considered for that job.
e) Jennifer has been considered for that job.
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Módulo 24 – Text
NEVER AS GOOD AS AT HOME
Don't forget the Marmite, love
It’s not unusual to pack a few home comforts when you jetoff on holiday – but scores of Britons take black pudding,milk and bacon along with their swimwear and sun cream.
They are just three bizarre items that holidaymakers admit to
taking abroad with them, dismissing foreign alternatives as
‘never as good as at home’. Other must-haves include real ale,
English mustard, Marmite and quilted toilet paper, a survey
found.
A 35-year-old legal expert told RAC researchers that he
refused to travel without British condoms because he ‘did not
trust dodgy Spanish ones’, and a devoted husband said he
always packed a 15ft extension cable so his wife could use her
hairdryer anywhere. One 43-year-old woman took bleach and
rubber gloves in her suitcase to give the bathroom ‘a good
going-over’ when she arrived.
(Metro)
1. The survey, mentioned in the text, showed that
a) most Britons prefer to spend their holidays in a foreign
country.
b) most Britons don’t take their swimwear with them when
they travel abroad.
c) beer is an item that British holidaymakers admit to taking
abroad with them.
d) Britons usually feel uncomfortable when they are in a
foreign country.
e) Britons are advised not to take black pudding with them
when they travel abroad.
2. In:
“They are just three bizarre items that holidaymakers…”,
the underlined word is closest in meaning to
a) strange. b) common.
c) familiar. d) helpful.
e) valuable.
3. In:
“He did not trust dodgy Spanish ones”, the verb to trust
could be translated as
a) comprar. b) aceitar.
c) usar. d) confiar.
e) elogiar.
Vocabulary
ale = espécie de cerveja
toilet paper = papel higiênico
condoms = preservativos
dodgy = não confiáveis
bleach = alvejante
“a good going-over” = “uma boa limpada”
False Friends
expert = especialista
Atenção:
Lembre-se destes importantes “false friends”
to record = gravar
to retire = aposentar-se
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