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NOVEMBER £11.50 US$23 €17 English Edition DETA BedZed - ten years after Quality management for healthy indoor spaces Post occupancy evaluation in buildings 02/12 Green2012 DETAILGreen 02/12 DETAIL Special Edition 66266 ISSN 1868-3843 1 Magazine In recent months, there has been a remarkable BedZED and the enduring of Britain's best known eco-district 4 transformation of awareness in At Oliver Lowenstein last, the towards a way of living and economic management without fossil Projects 8 fuels and nuclear energy has become the focus Publications 14 of a concrete public conversation. Instead of Events 16 political declarations of intent. atten- tion is finally being paid to the conflict of 2 Background goals and the questions of finance Electro-mobility: a end? 18 and the cultural consequences inevitably asso- Jakob School ciated with such an ambitious millennial pro- ject. 3 architecture This development is often painful, but never- Ecological test 22 theless necessary and welcome. However, it also Research institute in Wageningen requires increased particularly Claus Kaan Wageningen among Otherwise, well-intentioned so- lutions will be torpedoed and prejudices will Climate neutral thanks to hydropower 30 be upheld when differentiation is what is actu- Supermarket in ally needed. We have seen numerous examples of LOVE Architecture and Urbanism, Graz this in the recent public discourse. Blind po- against thermal insulation to mention Urban nodo and central hub 36 but one of them is just as fruitless as its Office building in Sydney non-selective application to historic facades. architects, Sydney Awareeness is also essential so that the energy discussion does not constrict the view of the Clever devices against bureaucracy 44 overall, situation. Issues such as Multi-family residence in water management and bio-diversity are just as querkraft Vienna important protection of the climate. There are also the social and economic questions of 4 Research and practice sustainable building: how can the gentrifica- resource-saving timber constructions for high-rise buildings 50 tion of entire city districts be halted? How do Strauch we prevent future speculation bubbles in the real-estate market which result in thousands of Quality management for healthy indoor spaces 55 vacant new buildings as on Spain's Mediterrane- Christine Justus Kampp an coast? How do we retain clean, healthy in- door air in today's new whose 5 Products and sition is often rather like an unknown cocktail of chemicals? 6 information This current issue of DETAIL Green looks beyond buildings are all about people 70 the boundaries of the energy debate. It show- Interview with Judit cases buildings that offer solutions for the efficient use of water, healthy interiors as Planning partners and manufacturers 74 well as more bio-diversity in our cities and However, these examples also underline Editorial and publishing data/photo credits 75 the fact that it is not sufficient to merely do the 'homework' involved in ecologically sus- tainable building. It is also high time that architects once again bring the positive poten- tial of their own discipline into the debate. After all, humans have two cerebral hemispheres: the left one for rational problem-solving, while the right, for perception, and creativity. Only with buildings that stimulate both hemispheres equally, does sustainable building have a future. Jakob Schoof Publishers and to c. School Distribution & UK English5 BedZED and after - the enduring influence Oliver Lowenstein runs the UK Green Cultural Fourth Door Review of Britain's best known eco-district fourthdoor.co.uk) and UK correspondent for DETAIL 1 view of According to 2007 Oliver Lowenstein requirements in the 100 77% and use % than the The make energy housing per which 70% homes in of to Level certification within the Code of 4 One Brighton the project in the to be completed according For those working on sustainable the Future research into reducing energy Dunster, then an lems with the biomass-fuelled combined the individual buildings they applying co-footprinting with tecture projects Britain around the turn use the existing building stock. There is who had recently left Mi- heat and power plant, which was and the architecture is working." broader metabolic and whole of the construction land- debate about how effective this will be, Hopkins Archtects after 14 years There was also The Dunster and Desai partnership came scape was very different to how is to- is clear that these issues are now overseeing their greenest and that the project was too expensive to an end in the funda- Considerable public funding was mainstream and are impacting the entire at the time a small local to be realistically developed in more mental was Desai came The after available for a variety of one-off building ganisation which had emerged out of thodox However, Dunster points to see green lifestyles as the key to For Dunster, as well as the tural projects connected to the turn of the One if not the key housing project of South London's networks of grassroots to Quantity Surveyor's reports stating whereas the sequent work of were about from the much lauded habitat-bi- the early which helped ecological activists. as the out construction cost continues to believe that equable low car- integrating what he describes as ome parks of the Eden Project to the less these issues into the limelight, generating the intervening period, both per square metro of gross internal area. bon need to be thoroughly into whole systems thinking: Two early known Earth Centre in the north east. a breath-taking amount of attention and (Dunster's practice) and This in today's prices with grated with low carbon buildings and in- BowZED and Pen- However, the mainstream whether the debate within the architectural community BioRegional have grown and developed mainstream housing. is also less than frastructure in order to be in building industry, the architectural and parts of the building sector was significantly, becoming in the Murray the timber high hous- to and genuinely moves to explore the versability of the ap- or Government ministries driving policy the South London building world. ZEDFactory were ing project London commissioned by "The whole point and still decisions had not really begun to ac- The scheme was completed and opened part of the Shanghai Expo demonstration the same affordable hous- how he only began to that we come up with a series of simple knowledge the impact of building on the years ago in the summer of 2002. The projects, and have major housing pro- ing charity that also backed grasp the complexity of the systems he replicable tools that deliver a consistent environment, on energy issues and on result of five years work, BedZED (short jects on site in two Dunster adds that the ten was working with as BedZED began op- building physics strategy over a ten year Change. Sustainability was still for Beddington Zero Energy Develop- Regional have gone from strength to years biomass has come of age. how multiple systems overlapped period. With each project the tools are very much an practice. in par- would become the high profile developing "The problem we tried to do too and back into other related systems, fined, delivering a better environmental the energy and footprints ample of how housing projects could be out of their experience. Now there is another for how a club performance for a reduced cost until of the country's housing stock received done in very different, radically day they have a network of partners sis CHP unit and a further works in an or how to into- slowly waste becomes no attention. able manner. Although the first examples around the world, also acting as north, which would not have been located grate local food supplies. was the industry standard." This has changed dramatically over the of districts were emerging across Eu- consultants for for the Olym- in district without BedZED's local helped by the work of Herbert Girardet, The tools were also about realising last There is widespread ac- rope and despite the Rogers Urban Re- carrying out research and running If also acknowledged that the and his detailed energy design in very site-spe- that housing is a critical naissance Report having environmental projects within and across significantly influenced the early proach to understanding the metabolisms responses and different part of reducing Britain's carbon compact, mixed-use the kind of BedZED's neighbouring South London work and principles of the Government's of With BedZED immediately "What interested me could we shape footprint, with the previous Labour Gov- introduced at was boroughs, under their social enterprise Code for Homes (CSH's). hand to act as the research subject and an industry and its approach? So we've launching the important Code for completely new to also pushed Both organisations have taken sin- Furthermore, states that, despite resource, and supported by been trying to a whole new supply Sustainable (CSH) regulatory the two main organisations which had gular paths, which, while all the criticism, residents both Best Foot Forward, the chain and development tools that express and the ongoing for made into the single them out from other the carbon neighbourhood idea and practical and the conceptual were drawn 0 contemporary and facilitate in their respective Housing and whole systems Realising BedZED was an enormous was a long both professionally and says Pooran "Looking back, were naive, and that made us Without the I don't think it would have happened. I never realised how complex would be to build There are many steps in that process. any one there was real pressure to to Desai and both separately, that they were trying to "change the whole building system." The has been nothing not controversial, "from the day opened." Probably the man challenge was the ongoing prob-and 2012 Even development of City - is a to by the seaside and the government of that wind to electricity and to deliver was (and possibly to be The by and the come the to o Aerial of London During structure and well to the with the income and World fund developed the nationally and vision of One Planet for London 2012 Thinking beyond The and advised how into Energy developed by the shows food be and distributed using the time valued nutrients and creating a the emergence of a society that no longer Whether it is in ZedFactory's began looking including two left their partnership with that much of what was at Sonoma, California and Bainbridge requires fossil fuel or nuclear energy." exemplar, in large scale un- which could not have been more con- fectively abandoning the Middlesborough has been discarded including Seattle, have already received One Dunster's team was already an and ban planning in South Korea and trasting: the fashionable seaside town of project after the first phase was all the renewable energy strategy, Another distributor for and China international work now accounts Brighton on the Sussex South and Seven hundred and homes have despite zero carbon claims as pect of BioRegional's namely ed- technologies at the time BedZED for two thirds of ZedFactory's work load an industrial town in one been but with unemployment high, well as thermal roof gar- ucational underpins the sec- which in and with an updated version of the same princi- of the poorest parts of North East Eng- mortgages are hard to get approved. and solar By siding with and years strategic plan. Already six more refined. a very simple thing: including a focus on energy from A line up of different architects were while not acknowledges how argues including and you introduce with your crop waste, personal electric transporta- approached. For Brighton, BioRegional difficult the situation has become. into the arms of and the Durban in South Africa and in products, unless you can source your tion, urban parkland integration, and pas- Quintain up with while shows how jobs are an incredibly impor- whole volume house Mexico, are running products." sive concepts for energy efficiency which for in one tant part of what's required. If there's who this more saleable ap- courses. steps are to on this, A current ZED roots with guided design remains time Will Allsop, along growth in jobs green growth that is proach that did not require any structural on the web, through social media, open integrated PVs shipped in to the approach of the with the young FAT, led the that's how could work." changes to their existing market source and are what Dunster calls team. There were other projects, both at as the Brighton OnePan- Dunster clearly sees BioRegional as hav- Dunster, an and of concept. commercial The impact of home and from One in project is marketed, consid- ing and resigned, also envisages overcharged the industry for what was a were important for Bo- London's old east docklands area and a even scaled down exchange for serious commercial invest- dynamic, changing China niche says adding that they remained a part of their to developments in Portugal the breadth of what had sought seems to feature heavily this, from solar this the most promising technology whole systems approach. After and a to do. a powerful and integrated to similarly imported suitable for immediate urban opened, Desai was keen on pinning down organisation. of what we at Exporting the approach electric to his belief that China he is convinced that and codifying the principles for living The subsequent years were exciting ones says Dosai, who continues by describing With Quintain having removed themselves is the front line in climate change. What is the new ZED systems will which were functioning in the for Not only were these pro- this process and results as from the housing market, that striking is that both and approach within the next two resulting in an set of ten identifiable jects in but their reputation the next 5 believe it will come story is Desai have brought individual interpretations of years. If is at times this, solar that ranged all the way from and influence was spreading to an inter- to be seen as the most important Zero sounds in the politest way, about how a far wider, systemic approach to the that one can understand why carbon and to national These were hardly Carbon housing development the the There is $30 billion worth of de- environment can be applied in wholly this architect was once identified as part cal equity and local as to True to their name, has a different, less velopment around the world which has different They do not fully encom- of a small number of as health and gional, continued to nurture regional pro- just a block of Most of the used the One Planet Communites pass the spectrum of sustainable housing bility practitioners, ranging from Thomas Scaling up was also impacting on the am- which included green plaudits relate to its It's loca- work, he the two main West in but years ago did Herzog to Robert & Brenda Vale, who bitions of BioRegional. From this came as as reviving South Lon- location, location," he arguing Coast American urban in not even exist. visaged a futuro solar This BioRegional ton year busi- don's lavender fields and turning into a solar signature has not left ness to develop and showcase a community organisation and series of exemplar projects highlighting organic farm producing lavender At the ten principles, with and the other end of the BioRegion- BioRegional co-founder, Sue al produced partnership reports on working to transform these into one easily large and international busi- identifiable Soon, such as B&Q and and ing. and did political consulting the regional, na- had been conceived, and trade- tional and international Scaling up had possibly at a larger scale To realise this strategy the group needed than had dreamt ZEF new prototypes. For big hous- The UK building projects did not proceed ing project known as Thames quite as First One BioRegional and ZEDtactory developed of the recession and was ZEDlife ideas on how to use reclaimed abandoned as a the land and as part of system, resulting project sold to another company. in Z-Squared, but no actual OneBrighton continued and was complet- Subsequently, the organisation ed, two years than initially began discussions with, and then went in- planned, in 2009. With the recession to partnership with a large ting its way through the developer and Quintain Estates, who were dipping their volume house-building into the sustainability side had become an extremely difficult Launched in BioRegional Quintain proposition. the of 2011, QuintainCutting-edge architecture DETAIL Review of Subtly revived brutalism enhanced with practical information on sustainable construction Architecture Refurbished apartment blocks in Sheffield Hawkins\Brown, London/Studio Egret London two issues on sustainable planning and construction DETAIL is one of the world's most influential publications. DETAIL English edition is published six times per year complemented by additional DETAIL Green issues in May and Architectural benefit from up-to-date, informativo material for design and DETAIL Specially prepared detailed scale supple- mented by and comprehensive keys offer unique funily to study the very best in contemporary DETAIL Green: The journal for all aspects of DETAIL sustainable planning and construction Published twice a year in May and November within the DETAIL subscription programme Examples of actual buildings and the relevant certification processes Designed by architects Jack Lynn and low brick curtain which had up by inverting the solid to void ratio to Excellent practical value Smith and 1957 and come increasingly over 2/3 glazing and 1/3 The were Global relevance the council housing estate in The on going refurbishment of Park enlarged to incorporate new storage Compiled by the people who DETAIL Park comprises nearly 1000 undertaken by developer Urban Splash in space and new halway and landing Regular information on a 32-acre Since was given collaboration with architects dows were inserted to improve the pas- accessible at Grade listed status in has been Brown and Egret respects sive of the access considered to be the largest listed build- the boldness and strength of the original new, external elevators and a Topics 2013 ing in Europe. its increasing dete- buildings but provides them with better helical staircase on the January Concrete over the the qualities of thermal performance, better daylighting ner of the building improve accessibility Green 2 March Transporent and Translucent this massive piece of brutalist architecture and fresh A new facade made of and provide panoramic Overall, the May Day Nurseries have remain doubt. glass and anodized aluminium (a thermal, solar and performance DETAIL Green is also availbale and Schools by Le Corbusier's Unité modified version of a proprietary system, of the were increased to a point mini subscription R issues per year) plus DETAIL Green apartments are grouped into to limit construction costs) was that allowed the scheme to achieve a July Special Topic three-storey and are accessed and the original concrete frame repaired BREEAM Very Good Of the 78 September Steel Construction via external access balconies (or streets where The of the facade apartments refurbished in Phase of the 6 November Mobile and Temporary Structures in the as they called) on every change every three storeys, from auber- only 26 are for affordable plus DETAIL Green 2/13 third Due to the sloping at the to red. yellow This may improve the social mix in the (10% the blocks between 4 and an acid lemon-green at the top. The but question whether sufficient to and 13 high but have heavy concrete housing is being provided in The exposed concrete was placed with more siender and the to former ten- originally in with and north and east facing elevations opened in the Quick and easy ordering: www.detail.de/subscription Fax: +49 Email: Call +49 89 16200 Send DETAIL Hackerbruecke 6 80335 Munich Germany would like to order DETAIL English: - name name 1-year classic subscription my 1-year student subscription 105.90 I Green mini subscription DETAIL Munich phoneGlass house with surplus energy Optimising the standard Single-family home near Ule Two semi-detached homes in Rothwell Werner Sobek Gruppe, Stuttgart/Frankfurt HTA London "The ideal house is cool in the summer two shear to the north and four thermal pumps and core High volume house builders in the UK are houses consist of rolled steel frames and warm in the It is open to sun steel columns behind the south- activation of the ground floor working to develop replicable models for SIPs panels were used for the on the south and has a storage facing glazing. There, however, the simi- vides the building with heating and zero-carbon homes, which will The external walls consist of a light room to the This attributed to the House in ing. to the positive energy become mandatory in the country by gauge metal frame with mineral wool to the Greek philosopher de- contrast to the build- ance are the solar from the windows The CarbonLight a sem- sulation sandwiched With in- scribes Werner design concept ng D10 consists of a concrete basement which provide of the required detached house in Northamp- sulation between 230 and for the residence D10 near The with garage (sealed with mineral ing. The annual primary energy balance of provides a model of 270 the roof and ground floor 182 m² house was designed to provide its rather than with and the house (including the PV installation, what can be achieved this slab achieve U-values of 0.11 two inhabitants with maximum comfort the ground floor constructed entirely in which was mounted at a low inclination Funded by the manufacturer, Velux, Each home uses an heat pump while consuming less energy than timber (although this is not apparent angle and set back from the edge, so and designed by HTA Architects, the and solar collectors for heating and hot ed by the roof-mounted PV modules (an- side) with the exception of the steel as not to be visible from the garden) was homes achieve Level 4 of the Code for water The electricity for the air energy production 7500 Even in the insulation of the build- calculated with the Sustainable Homes. Furthermore, their pump and household appliances is the structure had be com- embodied energy was minimised: the Paket According to this design to maximise comfort and ported from the grid and content which meant avoiding rockwool used in D10 consumes only the building generates a sur- daylight provision in the interior offset by an accord- the use of glued joints or 39% as much energy as standard mineral plus of 22 after meeting all as part of a 200-home suburban de- to the British definition for The style of the building owes more to wool the manufacturing household electricity This was the design adopts the narrow bon, with the investing in improve- van der Rohe's Building A system with 85% heat made possible by the of frontage terraced typology which is still ments to the energy efficiency of existing in Plano USA) than to ancient supplies all spaces with fresh efficient pumps and household frequent in UK high volume as it local housing. As the CarbonLight Homes Sandwiched between opening the glass appliances from the and maximises the land use and were as a floor and glazing doors to the provides natural ven- toaster to the ventilator engine which only the areas to heat loss in the they will be inhabited by a test family and es south and The rests on A combination of geothermal requires 0.35 of transported building CarbonLight Homes monitored over a period of one year, comprise a 97 and fore they are offered for sale on the free Ground plan and section 142 four-bedroom home. Far from Scale are the open that Living section Kitchen run through the height of the buid- Bedroom providing extra daylight and 50 tion through automatically operated roof Dressing windows. the summer, the houses can of 16 mm thus be largely opened up and zone to through at The ent and architects are confident that this Red Cedar shingles with reservative strategy will be and chose not to a mechanical Through computer the architects and 18 an average dayight factor of primary more than 5% in every room, which 100 more than three times the level required 4) control by the Code for Sustainable Homes. : cak Externally, the Western Red 20 resistant cladding is probably the most 254 of the Structurally, the 10012 2012 Passivhaus at no extra cost Knowledge hub Primary school in Wolverhampton Library and history centre in Worcester Upper Twyford Feilden Clegg Bradley Studios, Bath/London Bushbury Hill School in is to meet the Passivhaus The timber construction based on as the UK's first fully integrated single material to and one of two Passivhaus schools that Archi- The now school consists of two wings set or school buildings by Architype, but was public and university library, Worcester cording to the architects, a type designed for the local city at a sight angle to one another, and modified here for increased energy brary and History is the first cultur- draped over the form. The Hive is had been the idea to adopt the served by a central, party double-height The geological conditions building in the country to achieve naturally with the exception of Passivhaus standard for the two One of the two long elevations concrete and ground which BREEAM rating, with a internal meeting rooms and the archive which a UK they es due south, towards the Public were completely from the foor cord score of The as has where mechanical is required. would improve building performance more access from the east, while the western by an insulation layer. The external been nicknamed by es The natural ventilation strategy uses both effectively than the BREEAM Very end of the building accommodates the are load-bearing Bradley stands in a regen- stack effect and wind-driven or standards currently double-height sports and dining hall with wrapped externally by an additional eration area on the north-east bank of the The brief for the building required ed by UK school building regulations. The adjacent kitchen layer of insulation. An inner River just at the western edge of gies to meet the challenges of climate client agreed, but imposed one condition: Inside the nine classrooms with ing board of 18 mm OSB serves as an Worcester City Centre. in addition to the change as prodicted by UK CIP to 2020 that the ambitious energy standard should associated smaller group layer. the is also home and According to the the climate not higher construction costs, nor and science a nursery and cre- in summer, supplied to the class- to the county archives and record a engineers, the exposed thermal mass in affect the timescale for the and de- che as well as staff facilities rooms through windows and local history centre and the building should temper internal condi- livery of the project. grouped around the The eastern panels in the If extracted again customer service for most of the year. peak summer Both Architype schools are based on the section of the building accommodates high level from the Together with Max Fordham Partnership, conditions coolth will be drawn from the timber-frame construction and spaces for a multi-agency support cally operated vents. a MVHR structural Hyder, and land- River Servern and via energy different in which are directly accessible from the out- system supplies fresh pre-heated to scape Grant Associates, FCB mounted chilled Heating is provid- out and The smaller of the two, side. all ground floor classrooms the classrooms and extracts return designed a building the form of by locally sourced biomass via a low Bushbury located three have direct access the exterior areas. from the A condensing which the Royal kins temperature water distributed large, residential areas, and Architype chose a simple, robust provides top-up heating to the with the once dominated to floor places an older school building built on of materials for the including the city's skyline. At the same time, break- the same four The school timbe locally-sourced in order to keep the primary energy de- ing down the building into seven distinct commodates 240 children aged 3-11 on minium roofing and timber mand in the below the Pas- volumes, each with own also a gross area of 1000 distributed The south elevation and public of 120 (including duces the visual impact of the new struc- over two This layout is fairly unusual frontage of the school contains large are- appliances) the design team specified ture on its At the heart of the for primary schools in the UK (which are as of as well as a presence and daylight detectors for Hive is a central connected generally but was brick and timber canopy provide automatic for pan- to the main entrance. Together with sary to create a building compact enough shading from the high summer and induction stoves for the school's three additional circulation it con- section This was met with scepti- nects the different of the building. Ground floor Standing seam ciem by the reports Jonathan An in-situ concrete frame forms the lower director of But things of the rising to concrete 18 have worked well, and the company is ring beam at the 40% of the ce- 400 with 400 with to now this cooking technology content in the was 18 even in other facilities where possible. placed by ground granulated blast-fur- b 100 Despite the ambitous energy targets, nace slag to reduce embodied The wood 50 50 with tape to Bushbury Hill School was completed roof cones are formed by solid laminated 200 140 both time and on At 1788 it even timber filed with layer with tax remains relatively cheap for construction The copper alloy cladding of the to service 38 costs for primary schools in the UK, which which consists of 600 600 mm diagonal from 1550 to 2200 shingles, was chosen to allow the use of a14 Publications 15 Health Health care is currently all too often The Architecture of Light the historic, geographic and con- individuals and urgently needs to be seen of the individual buildings. However THE MEDICALIZATION OF ARCHITECTURE Borasi, Mirko Zardini problem for society a Mary Ann Abingdon/ the disadvantage of this approach that Müller Publishers, Zurich 2012. 400 Giovanna and Mirko Zardini in New York 2011. 246 ISBN 978-0-415- à systematic overview of the topic is not IMPERFECT 50.00 their according to 39479-6 29.90 consistently apparent and that the the editors, the ability of architecture to tionship between the different chapters in the first hat of the 20th century the heal is limited. That may very With her book The Architecture of remains unclear. the lationship between architecture, urban be but the excellent essays and Mary Ann Steane reminds us of an often photographs in this book do not commu- HEALTH planning and health belonged to the clas- inspiring art, and undervalued resource of sustainable all the qualities of daylight in the themes of modem architecture. in sign projects that are shown in this book This book depicts showcased buildings, as they are printed years only, the topic has suggest otherwise: that between cities, natural light above all as a design tool in in black and white Therefore emerged as worthy of attention as phe- their and the health of their in- the hands of architects and less as a an inseparable dimension to the quality of such as the Sick Building Syn- habitants a strong interaction exists which scalable each of the the reader will drome and the relationship between car- will probably become more significant in THE chapters of her book the author, who require patience to fully the dependent and obesity are once the future. is a convino- ARCHITECTURE teaches at the University of Cambridge, richness of the book's contents. (or more commonly discussed. Now the the and visually OF LIGHT documents only one or two she) will be rewarded with a Centre for Architecture in Montreal appealing volume the many as- doing Steane demonstrates the man- written collection of but may have has taken up this topic in the exhibition of the topic and its relevance for in which a good building analysis to look eisewhere for a book which and the accompanying many aspects of future human cohabita- should be conducted: not merely systematically covers the topic of day- exhibition ton on our always the of Food for the City den this interesting and The Environmental Design Pocketbook of over a decade of research still at times thirteen amounts to over 400 pages. Yet the infor- FOOD NAI Publishers, den says philosophers, RIBA Lon- mation it contains is concise and Den Haag 2012. 254 p. ISBN and activists from organic don 2012. 412 ISBN with myriads of hand sketches that for the € 29.50 farmers to analyse the current ab- 1. £25.00 form an appealing contrast to the rather CITY developments and explain where more dry facts in the tables and check- The manner in which and how in their opinions improvements THE there any n the saying that More of reference volume than has organised the food chain is anything could be made. This book also offers ENVIRONMENTAL do not reading long book that anyone will be to read but Over a billion people something for the eye: photo essays pro- DESIGN then Sofe Environmental chapter by this volume provides worldwide are starving and almost as vide insights into the culture of industrial- Design is bound to become most answers that designers could ever many are The of modem food. However, Food for the al- a true The ambition look for in an environmental design prim- A Future for the urban has mostly been divorced so avoids some of the really fundamental of the author (and her publisher) was no A list of further readings is also provid- from the origin of their the issues: the structure of the than to condense everything that an at the end of each chapter. Wherever Metropolis ents and the production process is a tail food market, the destructivo effect on chitects ought to know about ecologically possible, the author refers to general de- mystery whose ecological and social cost developing countries by the agricultural sustainable design into one volume sign guidelines and figures rather than to remains were hidden in subsidies of industrial nations, the from the basics of change to regulations and standards that prone secret black ing of seeds by multinational corporations site indoor to become outdated in a Thus The book Food for the which the and the influence of financial speculation of existing buildings and low-car- The Environmental Design outcome of programme on on food prices are only mentioned in bon energy That the book likely to be a good investment even in food at the Dutch centre Stroom passing or are not discussed at which according to is the terms of useful service Lifetime Homes Design Guide Group in 2000 to the 16 design Understanding Green Building readership can be recommended to The updated version of the Stand- Materials anyone in search of useful Chris Goodman/Habinteg Housing Asso and is explained in detail in this GREEN BUILDING handbook on the topic. in chap- HOMES DESIGN IHS BRE 2012. yet somewhat pricey. design The 66p. MATERIALS Traci Rose Stacy Jessica the authors provide well-researched brochure provides guidance on the de- W.W. Norton, New York/ information on the materials-related sign of literally all areas in and around the London 2011. ISBN 978-0-393- quirements of (US) green building rating The Lifetime Homes Standard and its 16 home from parking entrances and on product and design criteria emerged from discussions to and All tions, as well as on the methods of among a group of housing experts requirements are explained in as well Green' building materials are an impor- cie assessment before on a cluding Habinteg Housing Association as in additional floor plans, sections, and tant category of sustainable more detailed description of and the Helen Foundation) in the detail While the guide is thus ture for which practical and independent types of building materials with their no- 1980s. Their to develop set very much about the guidance is hard to obtain. This may spective pros and cons. They manage to of design standards for housing that issues in housing design, it does highlight be a consequence of the often vested in- both avoid generalisations where they would improve access and adaptability the fact that ultimately, sustainable archi- terests of certifying bod- and discussions of for a broad range of households with is all about usability. Even the les and other parties With their new theoretical aspects that would not be of needs, from young parents with buildings will be of use to the authors all of whom are interest to practitioners. The only to the elderly or society if they to meet the of based in the USA have now made a backs of this book are its After 20 years of campaigning for the use their across all groups and convincing attempt at filing this gap. mat and the rather layout devoid of the Standard, Habinteg Housing Asso of any individual special Understanding Green Building bar a diagrams and logos, or convened a Technical Advisory needs they may have largely targeted at the North American graphics.16 2012 November 2012 December 2012 March 2013 UK Passivhaus Conference Passibat expoEnergy Wels French Passive House Congress Trade fair for energy and Nottingham/UK renewable energies Conferencia Española Passivhaus www.expoenergy.eu Passive House 18. Holzbau-Forum congress and exhibition on EcoBuild timber constructions Fair for sustainable construction and the environment London/UK Sustainable Building & Retrofit Show Congress and exhibition 7. Energy Forum Congress on solar architecture and Swiss Minergie Expo building fair on energy-efficient and sustainable building International Passive House Days www.energy-forum.it Passive house residents open their home January 2013 Worldwide ISH 2013 BAU 2013 Trade on building Trade for materials and conditioning and renewable energies systems 12.3.2013-16.3.2013 Base Glasgow 14.1.2012-19.1.2013 Exhibition and conference on low-carbon Munich/Germany construction and infrastructure www.bau-muenchen.com 13.11.2012 Glasgow/UK April 2013 www.baseglasgowshow.com Trade Fair for Solar Energy Expo Build China 2013 Beautiful skin. 23.1.2013-25.1.2013 International trade event for the building bauhaus.solar industry Congress and exhibition on solar architecture and energy-efficient building Shanghai/China Ask ME for Klimahouse 2013 www.expobuid.com Erfurt/Germany International fair on energy-efficient construction and sustainable building Holcim Forum for Sustainable Construction the secret. Greenbuild International conference International exhibition and conference on green building Mumbai/India MiaGreen 2013 Expo & Conference MARLEY San Francisco/USA for green solar clean technology etc. RIFF Architecture Conference EcoBAU Live 2013 Attractive and inspiring architectural Conference on and habitat www.miagreen.com Trade fair and conference about fibre cement cladding. sustainable building in Germany Bucharest/Romania February 2013 With an extensive palette of colours and a selection Cologne/Germany of finishes and textures to choose CEP Clean Energy Building cladding provides the solution to RENEXPO South East Europe Trade for renewable energies and distinctively beautiful Combine this with Trade fair and congress on passive houses 7th European Conference on excellent environmental energy Sustainable Cities and Towns durability and a expectancy of at 50 years International and you can be sure your project will continue to look Bucharest/Romania good. long into the future. www.renexpo-bucharest.com Geneva/Switzerland World Sustainable Energy Days For information, samples and inspiration RENEXPO Austria Congress on sustainable energy visit at www.marleyeternit.co.uk/cladding Trade fair and conference on renewable production and use in construction, 17. International Passive House or call 01283 energy and energy-efficient building industry and transport Conference Salzburg/Austria Frankfurt/Germany an Etex company2012 2 Background Electro-mobility: a dead end? 1 X near and wind electricity than - including project Home (designed by Sobek Group and Jakob Schoof part energy and part for e-mobility Land of types of public transport in relation to speed The include the necessary Relationship between of of a city and density The and can only be by political measures very is this what the dream house of the future might look like? sonal electric cars is the most appropriate approach to this not be a transition of just a few stated the Daimler Which problems remain unsolved? A double storey timber building with a pitched roof, white problem remains open to debate. man of the Board of Dieter Zetsche, in early Decisions pertaining to transportation should not only be made well-insulated (U-value of external 0.10 2012. Schneider, Vice-President of Ford in Europe in view of the cities need to continue to 230 of living space 50 of which is a wheelchair accessi- The policy electric cars by 2020 predicted: "We will not see a noteworthy number of electric offer a high quality of life and mobility should remain affordable. guest apartment in a single-storey dark red There is The German federal government would to see one million hicles in this decade." Furthermore, no one should be excluded from access to impor- a sauna on the upper a timber deck on the roof of electric vehicles on the streets of Germany by and the tant services and supply Last but not land use the annex a The electricity that aim is to have five million by 2030. order to achieve this, the What are the advantages of e-mobility? consumption needs to be The annual increase in land ers this unassuming along with the rest of the government has initiated a number of funding programmes Electric cars can provide two important services in the fight use for housing and transportation infrastructure in the EU is generated by two PV systems providing a total of 15.7 whose sum totals approximately 300 million euros a year. The against climate change and CO, emissions: as a temporary responds approximately to the surface area of About half one on the roof and other on the of the problem that is to be solved by electro mobility seems obvious: storage for surplus solar and wind generated electricity, and of this area consists of sealed surfaces to water. ally, a small wind in the garden provides transportation remains the Achilles of European if they can, in fact, be driven with renewable through As the American architectural historian Robert Bruegman has tricity to drive an electric car at 12000 per year. policy. Between 1990 and 2010 carbon dioxide emissions in the CO, savings as opposed to petroleum powered vehicles. urban is currently spreading in hous- This house, named Generation X, stands in states of the EU-27 fell by around On the other dur- cording to calculations by the Agency for Renewable Energy, ing density is increasing in many metropolitan areas in the home exhibition in Poing east of Murich the ing the same time transportation emissions in Europe in- Half million electric cars would have approximately the same whereas is in many locations in The conditions manufacturer of Generation not the only one on the market: creased by 20%. The cause of the problem, however, is capacity as Germany's largest pumped storage power on other side of the are increasingly coming to resem- more than a dozen homes are currently the transport of rather than commuter transport: through station, of the current 45 million cars bie one fered by German housing a trend that the increasing division of production, more and more half- in Germany were switched to electric they would pro- The combination of surplus-energy homes and personal electric increasing. completed products are transported back and forth across Eu- vide sufficient storage for as much electricity as Germany car does not offer a solution to either of these problems. Faster than many expected, a concept is thus being estab- rope. in Germany alone freight traffic (measured in tonne kilo- sumes in 12 hours. However, the manufacture of the necessary thermore the land use situation in Germany remains on the mainstream market which, until was still has increased since 1000 by more than 25%. in view of batteries would require far more than the currently known 77 hectares of area are still used each day (based on figures the domain of research institutions, universities and a few this one has to Are a million electric by 2020 wide reserves of rare from 2010) for new housing and transportation infrastructure neering and engineers. The rapid pace of develop- realistic goal? Not only in terms of climate protection what The balance of e-mobility is not always Theoreti- that almost nine square metres a the fact that ment has been set by the German Federal Ministry of would it achieve? Which problems will remain unsolved? The cally, if only electricity generated from renewable sources were the population growth has all but The fact that only a Transportation and Urban which at the end of last especially, has more to do with urban develop- used for electric the CO, emissions would drop of the new areas are located near public transport stops 2011 completed its own Efficient Home Plus ment and than might be apparent first to almost in an electric car powered by the should also raise based on the designs of Sobek and his team 2). rent of electricity available in Germany, which is largely Policy goals intend to reduce this number to 30 hectares a day The concept that sustainable building and transpor- A realistic generated from coal, 145-160 of per by 2020. an article by the Federal for City tation belong together and should be developed together, The exceedingly small market share of electric care at present This is more than the emissions of a fuel petrol car. and Spatial Research für und ought to be Switzerland has been working towards has three major causes: high acquisition At best, according to the only 0.6% of the Raumforschung BBSR) in 2011 the following this goal with their concept of the 2000 Watt for several and the slow recharge time for the the near emissions of German traffic can be saved by the 0.5 million pro- "The 30 hectare goal is not going to happen by years now but also just how difficult taking this is not predicted that there will be fundamental improvements jected electric cars by 2020. And even that only applies the Without the stringent use of the available tools to reach com- path is. Whether surplus-energy, single-family homes with per- in the short range and the slow recharge in development of renewable energy is advanced in prehensive and land use without taking they are not even absolutely necessary: today there are concepts for battery-leasing and where the custom- 2500 need not actually purchase the expensive traction terms of a commuter survey conducted by the Frank- furt University of Applied Science found that almost 90% of the tric car to work for their daily Furthermore, the distance exceeds the range of an electrical Annual consumption per 2000 workers in the Rhine-Main area would be able to drive an elec- Los Angeles man (Green discovered that the average 1500 Chicago New German citizen annually takes only car trips where the the estimatos that by 2020 the 1000 market share for electric cars in Germany will only be a half million cars which would only be of passenger cars in 500 the country. By 2030 it would be possible to have million Occupancy Kong electric cars, provided that the forecasts made by the scien- tists, concerning pricing, technological as well as purchase out to be The manu- 40% occupied 0 100 125 150 175 200 250 275 facturers have come to similar conclusions themselves: will density20 2012 2012 2 Background This of resources and space can hardly operated in effective in in many sufficient population they are means to con- nect even remote city to the city 7 taken to the for cities with congestion the has developed which can has a range of Visionary of transportation and 2010 the proposed that city extensions concentrated in concept for the advantage of potential, and without dedicated qualified through mixed development and the attractive design Complex, costly options about money and considering the condition of com- it will not be possible to reach that goal." Yet the existing of public open space. Even then, density has its in The complexity of the possible approaches to reducing land munal financing in Germany, this is not optimistic remains annually in Germany far fewer brown- the Suisse" has identified an to densi- use is demonstrated by the German research REFINA field sites are recycled than new ones are with the local population and the city due to the (Reduction of Land Requirements and Sustainable Proper- Conclusion The highest consumption of land per head occurs outside of fact that constant influx into the city causes the price of rent to This is considered to be the most ambitious Surplus-energy-homes with electro-mobility might play a similar in places where homes are the rise, traffic to and puts open space under over greater project of its kind in Europe. The 46 individual projects, which to the low-energy Masdar City in the Persian not a dominant dwelling and where there is no pressure to pressure to be are currently conducted in German range from financially viable model for but a testing ground for utilise land efficiently. Car dependent housing developments in spite of the professional optimism of planners to the contrary, information to platforms for derelict new energy-efficient technologies, their interaction with people, chronically use transportation infrastructure inefficiently, claims higher density will continue to be associated with the of property management, to advice for citizens on where to relo- and their consequences for everyday Even in the the transportation export (and self-contested car lower quality of life. The Swiss sociologists Colette Peter and to cooperative projects between neighbouring tion of existing developments, the combination of surplus ener- Knoflacher at a speed of 30 km/h, a therefore argue as compensation for in- to coordinate new property developments among and electro-mobility is to deliver new For new clist requires about 6.7 of street space (including minimum creased density in a decreased density within them. in spite of all the differences between the projects, one developments the continuation of the unhealthy safety the same bus which 40% apartments should be allowed: is difficult to increase density important conclusion can be most of the strategies are ance of the home and the car surely not a requires 4.1 passenger, whereas a car requires inside and outside of the apartment at the same time For dependent on financing or at least require considerable The only approaches that can claim to be sustainable are over 75 those willing to give up owning their own the commitment on the part of the in terms of those which guarantee that our cities are livable in the would be to have a generously sized which is suffi- The market alone very in plain terms: is all infrastructure affordable and transportation is available for The car of social exclusion? ciently private, combined with well-designed open space out- Dependence on cars also has a social the greater side. The trend is that ever fower people reside in more the number of cars in an the more the infrastructure and square metros of we will not be able to change supply facilities geered towards their needs. Travellers Even the assumption that higher density automatically means a ing other means of transport are often The Dortmund reduction in the demand for transport is a The traffic planner, Christian writes that "Already today, increasing specialisation of the work force makes seem mobility which reliant on especially that residential and commercial spaces might be combined that of the elderly, and the is strongly in the same urban quarter for the large majority of the popula- limited in many areas through segregation and decreasing Mixed use developments have been considered common The densely an area is inhabited the less sense for decades in urban Nevertholoss in 2008 the the public transport will be. order to somewhat average German travelled 18.8 km daily to and from efficient bus network, an must have a population density of in 2002 was still only at least 35-40 residential units per and for a Beyond the relationship of most people to their place of line an even higher residence, is increasing fuel prices, a it is also questionable how much longer municipal authorities change in the place of work, or even now opportunities for inner can afford low density housing developments. The development city tempt only few people to move to the inner city costs connection to gas and into high density residential areas especially when these sub- etc.) per residential unit are typically 3.5 times higher for single- urbanites have put their entire savings into financing their pri- family homes than for three to four storey apartment buildings. owned Therefore it is even more important not to The annual operating costs for these services differ approx- develop unsustainable housing types in order to meet a sup- mately by the same factor. Christian points out that posed market which will then remain for generations presently, "The transportation infrastructure in Germany is to como. Otherwise, there will be more than just the high extensively developed that the communal authorities, for quite emissions in traffic. Transportation exports also of a new some time already, have been lacking the necessary funds to form of fuel poverty: if the price of climbs and people are pay for constant Therefore what applies to not able to reduce their work-required mobility, they are more buildings also applies to transport infrastructure: in the future likely to restrict themselves in other areas rather than changing the rehabilitation of existing structures will gain in significance their place of relative to the building of new Naturally, the individual cost of mobility is softened by surplus- energy-housing coupled with However, even a Density has million electric cars in 2020 would be balanced by 40 million The meaning of the term has undergone a remarkable conventional cars the majority of which would park in garages transformation from a synonym for urban mis- and carports of This should be and danger to public to worthy goal. Quantitative provoking for who promote this building type as a solution alone, however, is not the solution density has to be for theResearch institute in Wageningen 1 Client: Koninklijke van 2 Scale Wetenschappen User: Ecological field study Nederlands Instituut voor Ecologie Wageningen Architects: Claus en Kaan Architecten, Structural engineers: Amsterdam Energy building systems technology: Ede Building physics and fire protection: Arnhem Project management: Amerongen As is building never completely After the experiences with the new building after completion van which officially assumed the rey building with a rather deep plan, where three atria provide the construction have left the site and the designers were to be publicised, and thirdly the buildings would be period- role of the client is located beside a major road on the northem natural light. An intended side by nature of its compact- have written their final invoices, the building users are only be- ically refurbished with now environmental technologies - such outskirts of The four-hectare was supplied by ness the building now has a lower level of thermal losses the often several year phase of getting used to the build- as the most efficient generation of solar the local university, whose les directly across the through the building Storage rooms are located in the ing and optimising the operations. spito of the administrative separation of the two darker inner spaces which do not require natural The labo- This also applies to the newly buit Dutch Ecological Artistic ambition instead of ergy between the neighbours was ratories le directly behind the west facing the Research NIOO-KNAW voor Ecol- in of its experimental character, the and its director The 11000 comprehensive spatial of the NIOO-KNAW is whist the offices are situated on the north and south. in town near the German border in Louise did not want a building styled with an distributed over block to the though the building seems symmetrical at first glance, actually the part of the the principle or the of an industrial but one as well as of annexes to the which contain has four different types which to various build- of work in progress' has ben taken a step further. The which would also satisfy the highest Conse- storage greenhouses, workshops and larger ing who work at the institute study not only the ecology of lakes, the contract was awardedto the ar- experimental laboratories. Further laboratories and offices are The laboratory facade represents the public display land masses and watercourses through laboratory and field chitects Claus en who up until then were less known located the main The originally requested a window of the Therefore has a high but even conceived the institute building itself, for their ecological concerns than for their creative three-storey building in order to be more visible from the double glazing which is divided by very siender Sun- as a caso for ecological For the designers, this and the high quality of its However functional requirements necessitated that there shading is provided by wooden which had three essential aspects: the highest standards of The ecological research a sub-department of the Roy- be a large number of direct connections between offices and in front of each storey Windows in the west cannot ergy and environmental standards had to be sec- al Academy of Science Nederlandse Kaan therefore designed more two be opened: the laboratories have an exclusively mechanical24 Research 2012 Gross floor area: 11,016 (main building 6753 + annexes 4263 m/) Construction costs: 2360 usable area 170 Construction time: 21 months the 5 the second floor section Scale Second First plan Scale Offices Library Storage 10 of north 11 If by shed from the 5 12 the system, in order to guarantee the required stable laboratory surfaces (which were required to be completely probably the most work intensive area terms of the mate conditions. The office facades in the north and south are of the opted for smoothed and poished con- approach in the new On one PVC, essentially the same type, but feature insulated crete which, although time and cost are more genated retardants and other substances were to dows integrated in the glass surfaces which can be manually ecologically Subsequently the floor was avoided as far as possible. Thorough research was often neces- The east projects a completely different image: with a biopolymer made from renewable sary in order to check whether such substances were present in 0 divided into small sections of wooden frames and shaded by For timber the second material which was used in large quant- the building products during the tender proposal Non- awnings, relates more closely to the rather in- the client requested that no chemical preservatives be hazardous alternatives were mostly easy to find - for example, formal of the annex used. The mullions and window frames of the east facade are an EPDM membrane made from recycled automobile The fourth type of is also the one with the impact therefore made of western red cedar, according to the was used rather than from from the roof of the main building rises a storey should possess sufficient durability even without Moreover, the required that the amount of sealants used structure with vertical wooden The well further protective For the remaining cladding of be reduced by at least 80% compared to standard buildings. as a lecture and room are located on cades and interior as well as for the This necessitated very small scale but resulted in a Above those and below the open sky, from view ing European was used, which made du- visibly higher quality of Within the build- by the vertical wooden are the primary ventiation system by a heat treatment waste ing there are unplanned joints, silicon edges, or visible and a part of the this wooden Plastics are the third man material group with which the new Where waterproofing measures could not be avoided mineral of the building towers well above the surrounding treetops plus the same time they constituted or strips were used as an to fuid and provides the building with the originally desired A building The term has become all a synonym for sustainable construction in the above all, two things: to close energy, water and material cycles and to clude as for as possible from those cycles. The brief for the new building required the design to follow the principle as far as terms of building construction this means that in the event of all build- ing elements can be cleanly separated without any great loss of quality, be recycled. Naturally such a principle can only be realised with compromises because completely recyclable building materials are not available for all purposes. The first compromise started with insulation which was used in several areas of the new building. Compromises were also necessary in the structural originally the client wanted to have frame structure, because steel can be no- cycled without quality This was eventually prevented by the recent steep in steel prices in the market as as the strict requirements that the building structure be vibration- free, in particular for the laboratory spaces. Therefore a concrete structure with unusually thick floor was This a brought the advantage of additional thermal mass, which can be used for concrete Furthermore, the use of con- crete facilitated large spons which are advantageous for future building On the other once the building is concrete can only be recycled into lower quality construction products, and causes enormous emissions during its However, within the given constraints the construction was mised as much as of Portland the con- crete modure contains large portion of blast-fur- nace Rather than using a synthetic coating for the 11 1226 Wageningen 2012 13 section of north glass hold- Timber Scale Edge integrated screwed on to to vertical wooden edge nesting western wooden heat 135 340 EPS nm b Wood 40 steel heat Green 38 50 on 38 100 membrane able 110-200 section of 15 HEA foundation con Ground floor 15 Double insulating upper reinforced of second timber red smoothed and concrete 340 under Double colour exposed concrete with wood held the top and bottom in doe colour 200 underground column of 2 115 mm Suspended to Double insulating held forced place the and by section of tance from the 1,1 building Scale 60% in 30% Shed roof uver south 250 em of 12 Organic polymer 120 in from 5 with 370 mm wide on the and 170 bank con- vapour ID south interior 340 cladding of floor and crete activation 00000000026 Wageningen 2012 Closing the cycle: 1 with Overview of systems and energy balance 2 and concept Energy and water supply 1. Final energy demand exchanger IT electric Dry electricity yeld di power Total Water and nutrient cycle of and balance 2. and 5 The is the only side of the of of for Operating 40-45°C of modules 2000 of Calculated of PV Energy savings energy to Reduction in Payback time for additional in energy would have been relatively easy to achieve a good energy heat source, but would only have been financially instead of on the where would be of much greater use. the gasification process will be to an algae reactor for the new building with already established technologies. viable if the University of shared the cost Not only does human over-exploitation of the Earth's ecosystem where is used as plant food for the The algae in turn However the NIOO wanted to achieve even Consistent two distinct forms of geothermal storage effect the researchers believe that the impact on the can be for example, as for the greenhouses, with the scientific identity of the new experimental were combined instead. The first a par of con- phosphorus and cycles is even more whereby the nutrient cycle will in theory be closed. methods to supply heating and electricity were to be tested. The ventional probes which are primarily for cooling the For this there are three separate water cycles in the Whether or not this proves to work in practice precisely what systems that the building users directly interact with are relative- building in Dry coolers on the of an annex gener- one for one for grey water and one for the the NIOO wants to research in upcoming Ultimately the traditional by heating and is provided by extra coling energy in winter and feed into the geothermal waste water from the The rainwater drains on the NICO point is to out the optimal light and temperature conditions concrete activation, which is connected to a heat pump. thereby the underground grounds and therefore does not burden the public sewage sys- for algae and to investigate whether it possible to The offices received a hybrid first of all the Two more probes reach a depth of 300 where heat from Grey water (for example water from the sinks vent microbes, hormones or pharmaceutical products from the employees take care of providing themselves with a sufficient a 478 array of thermal solar panels on the roof of in the building) is in an on-site constructed to from re-entering the nutrient cycle. fresh-air supply the Only after the level in the an as well as waste heat from the greenhouses behind the point where it can be reused to water the greenhouses or If the experiment is it will prove that a building such indoor rises above a defined threshold will the automatic ven- the is being Over the course of several years a leased into the The washrooms are equipped with as the can be built without being connected to the public activated. reservoir of heat at a temperature of will which only require of water per sewage system. The building in Wageningen has this connec- covers new ground with energy use in par- which can be directly used (without a heat pump) to heat the Once all the required components are the waste water tion and, needs in the long however, the Originally there was a plan to a energy For the this type of geothermal energy is generated here will be sent to a system, where can be building owner intends to use the sewers to a lesser and shaft several deep. This would have provided a into new territory. Eventually the system should pay off: used to generate The residual materials over during as increasingly more waste water is the energy calculate substantial energy savings of between 70 and 80% for heating and cooling. In some areas the design was even overtaken by technological Main building Originally the offices and laboratories were to be equipped with lights. However, LED technology then developed quickly that all the rooms with the exception of the laboratories (for which there was not adequate LED lighting available) were supplied with the new The lighting system features sensors for daylight and motion in order to to to energy Electricity for the building is generated on one hand by solar cells which are integrated in the membranes. a new generation of concentrating solar power mod- ules ano being tested in the outdoor in this method lenses concentrate light on small, highly efficient silicon cells. The mod- ules are thicker than conventional but generate higher yield per square in spite of all experimental the NIOO is not sufficient in terms of electricity. The energy consumption of the laboratories is too high to achieve this not to mention the partially heated and the Nor was it in the inter- of the client to completely cover the roof surface with photo- modules. A large portion of the surface is planted and being studied as research project: initially, many grow as planned but then after a few years are taken over plant network by moss the scientists in Wageningen are attempting to find out which combination of vegetation, sub- temperature and moisture will help avoid this process so that green can contribute more to long-term biodiversity. reactor Nutrient recovery from waste water Asido from materials and energy, nutrients are the third cycle which have to be completed in a concept. Energy Human are being dumped in the sewage system30 Supermarket in Graz Client: SPAR Warenhandels AG, Graz Architects: LOVE architecture and urbanism, Graz Climate neutral thanks to hydropower Construction site coordination: Bauengineering, Graz Structural engineers: Büro Graz Building systems technology, electrical engineering: Die Jennersdorf Building physics: Dr. Pfeiler of the the delivery with the behind the perforated on the plan View of the concept Whereas supermarkets in most countries continue to use the drab of sheet metal and precast concrete some of Austria's retail chain stores have been following a different track by developing individual buildings that in with the character of their surroundings for years Spar one of the largest retail businesses in Austria with approximately 1500 is no exception and has joined the in recent the company has broken new ground by de- veloping so-called stores. They are part of a comprehensive business strategy to reduce in companison to current standards the energy consumption of all refurbished and new stores by at least a The protection stores are considered prototypes for the technologies Spar intends to use to achieve these targets. For each one of the new builds, Spar hopes to be awarded a Gold Certificate by OGNI, the Aust- rian Society for Sustainable Real timber The new development at in Graz is the retail chain's third climate protection store and the first which intends to truly in all of its operations. The LOVE Architecture and also based in Graz, was commissioned directly, without the selection process of a was the architects' second assignment for the but their very first project to be awarded a green cert- The is positioned on the site of a former printer's approximately one and half north of the city's on the banks of the River plan follows the of the which is held by a small stream to the west and the road along the Mur riverside to the The supermarket opens generous glass facades to in the south and to the car park to the the west and east-facing are opaque and clad with galvanised According to Michael the project manager, the choice of material Fresh - was triggered by the slightly post-industrial character of - the surroundings the brick chimney of the former printer's shop still stands behind the car park. half a year after completi- the have lost some of their original glossy shine, but have remained an interesting feature due to their vivid surface Waste heat with - The timber-clad surfaces on the underside of the roof recovery overhang and side are a stark contrast to the folded metal The store an funnel in the way that energy for opens up to the car park in the north and, in somewhat less prominent way, to the of the buiding facing south. The very at the building's comer is Electric oned inside the cannot be seen and hardly be LED lighting 2 heard by people living close As - result of the two opene 2012 certification Construction costs: approx. 1.8 Site area: 6599 Built area: 1562 Year certification 2011 floor area: 1150 Useful floor Quality of the building 67.4% area: 1110 Floor space index: quality Gross volume: approx. 11670 of which quality air-conditioned volume: 7875 ra- and functional quality tio: Average U-value: 0.258 Technical U-values: exterior walls east/west Process roof 0.139 glass facade Quality of the site 1.2 floor slab 0.168 Certification result Gold 10 7 North elevation during the period Floor Scale 0 Long north-south Scale Certification results according View of store ends of the building (the southern functions only an The consisting of light with LED in terms energy the supermarket is therefore an Whether or not the technologies used here suitable for cape the store's interior is flooded with during naires, was specifically designed by the light manufacturer electric that does not rely on the of other developments will be determined on a case by case basis. The most opening The architects used conventional double using standard products: the result is impressive and enhances renewable The greater proportion of electricity LED lighting system, for example, has in the interim become a glazing for both of these glazed They claim that this is the appearance of the gigantic roof Because the to be supplied by a small hydroelectric power plant the standard feature in all of the client's and new is in terms of cost and energy efficiency since the hea- bearing parts are constructed with solid timber and because stream alongside the Furthermore, the client has installed With regard to power heating and cooling, ting energy consumption is not a highly important issue in super- there are escape routes at ground the supermarket modules in a part of the car Spar will continue selecting systems appropriate to each indivi- markets in opposition to the consumption of electricity and sum- did not require any further measures to provide safety. The dual Two further climate protection supermarkets are mer heat For the same the south facade has building has a sprinkler plant nor a 3-year amortisation period currently under development and are likely to provide additional en provided with sun protection glazing with verti- The exterior appearance of the as a kind of is According to the the building costs (excluding the costs evidence on potential energy savings. cal sunshades as an additional sun protection measure. also a significant The architects wanted to spare the for certification) were approximately 6.5% higher than those of a Hopefully the client will consider another important issue when The client specified several interior design features, such as the sidents of the adjoining, taller apartment blocks the view of a comparable standard supermarket. These extra costs planning further protection stores: the urban design. floor the type of ting and a number of as- they designed the however amortise through savings in energy consumption over a single storey supermarket on an city site is not no- pects in to the interior the space above the as a pattern consisting of gravel finish and circular period of only 3 years. The image value of the development is the of sustainable building Having however, the architects more or less enjoyed planted mounds rising up in order to keep the impo- worth considering, according to the OGNI certification purchased the site in Spar had considered a They used the with its load-bearing structure made sed load as low as possible, the mounds were not created by the supermarket achieved 87.4% in the assessment one development with offices, shopping and under- of massive glulam beams, to create an dominant adding extra but by layers of insulation. of the highest values to be achieved thus ground parking however, eventually did not The time schedule imposed by the client was a The working drawings were completed at the end of August which coincided with the granting of the building permit by the City of Graz. The however, was to open fore Christmas that same year. Consequently, the con- crete the timber beams and the glass facade had to all prefabricated the same time in ac- cordance with the measurements of the working drawings, thus removing the possibility to react to potential inaccuracies on deriving from preceding trades. Despite minor adjustments to the glass this approach proved The external cladding and substructure were the only components which had to be manufactured according to measurements ken on since would have been impossible to trim and the gaivanised into shape without workshop Exhaust heat and hydropower for a plus-energy standard Good insulation central unit with a heat covery system and the aforementioned LED lighting are the per- fect for a low energy Two further res finally tipped the balance in favour of plus-energy dard: the use of the exhaust heat from the cooling devices and hydropower from the running the The heating system is designed to cover a maximum heat load of 30 which includes hot water two thirds of (19 is covered by the exhaust heat of the cooling which provides cooling energy for the freezer cabinets and gerated all year An additional heat pump des the subsidary heating energy. The heat is distributed throughout the sales area via a foor summer, the exhaust heat is only used for hot water During this the cooling plant not only supples the cooling but also the thermally activated siab and the refrigeration of the with cooling 1134 e 2012 02 2012 8 12 of south a mm PUR 240 mm Vapour Timber element consisting of squared 100 with 19 - Wind Mineral 100 180 di Post facade with sections Double 1.2 . Thin-bed 250 - 50 PC sheeting XPS - on of junction Scale board on metal substructure Reinforced concrete 350 X 500 Exterior facade 0.221 Substructure with Sandwich with and PUR core 14 section of north 15 Scale Interior Wind barrier 100 board, 15 mm Timber 79 Spruce three-ply sheathed sides with wood based for better of force Reinforced 250 - m of Three-ply on 100 15. before installed 16 Facade assembly 17 of projecting root on with board a 16 a 12 13 17Office building in Sydney 1 Client: over DEXUS Property Group/DEXUS to the of Property Property, Sydney 2 with Architects: Urban node and central hub shaped Ingenhoven architects, Düsseldorf 3 view with Architectus, Sydney of she from the Project management: APP, North Sydney Structural engineers: Enstruct, Point Facade engineering: Plan, Stuttgart/ Milsons Point Sustainability consultant: Sydney High-rise office towers are buildings, also in terms of sustainability: they provide space for a large number of on a small piece of land. On the other hand, they require even in relation to the number of occupants a vast amount of sources for their construction and energy and for Against this competition has increased in recent years to improve this type of building while preserving the economic value in terms of prestige and, as far as possible, an The architects of Bligh in Sydney's central business district have come up with some interesting answers to questions con- improved social and economic conditions for this particular type of Measured against certifica- tion this new-build is now the most sustainable high-rise office building in Australia even on an international scale, is highly If received the highest score in the Aus- tralian Green Star system: a 6 star World Leadership the investor is seeking to a five-star rating in the national NABERS assessment system, which was the highest at the time of the building's design stage. trast to most green this system does not assess the result on completion of the design and construction work, but is based on the amount of energy actually consumed during a 12-month period after building completion. of international cooperation The story of 1 (named after its Bligh be- gan when the DEXUS, started buying land in the middle of Sydney's business and financial district for the development of a office A total of five existing buildings were demolished to create space for the new in 2006, the ent an competition with five participants. Architects from and Architectus from Sydney came as the was the first time the two of- fices had and theirs was the only international operation taking part in the competition. The new high-rise designed by Ingenhoven and Architectus is located approximately 500 south of Sydney's harbour in a prominent position. is surrounded by far has an and presumably lasting, view of Cove and Harbour Bridge with an of mainly lower, historic structures to the a height of 135 1 Bligh does not really qualify as a the height were imposed to prevent blocking out the sun from the adjoining open spaces. The as an node Two separate orthogonal street grid intersect on the site at 30-degree A lower with a rectangular foor would have inevitably been off grid to at one of the streetOffice 2012 2012 Gross Floor Area: 45760 I Net Lettable Area: 42700 Overall costs: 270 AS Building height: Height of atrium: 130 Number of floors: 28 I Construction time: 30 months 5 Scale 15th Scale 7 a floor Scale 9 Standard plan Scale 1:2000 10 Vew of an office Vew down the with the zones and the drives systems. The newly developed eliptical in that in a sense, been curved around a heart-shaped functions as an urban node. side faces north, This solution also achieves highest ratings in terms of economic wards the harbour and the midday sun, making good solar efficiency: 92 % of the floor is considered not lettable shading The office layouts have been designed to space, only 8% being taken up by service and circulation have the best instead of opting for one central core, Only columns divide the office space with a area of which would have meant that the south-facing offices would 1630 1000 remain entirely column-free to ensure a high have uninteresting high-rise degree of in terms of office Architectus placed the vertical access core on the southern side of the building. The escape stars and are therefore by Open to the public natural which considered an unusual luxury in office The ground floor has been designed to add value to the urban buildings. in order to provide the deep work zones environment rather than to solely maximise The zoning with natural daylight from two the added a full- regulations had envisaged a multi-storey podium reaching to the height which also supports the natural of the boundaries, part of which was to dedicated to public offices and provides space to accommodate the glazed However, the were to convince the Ray Brown, the project manager at com- thorities to carry the principle of public awareness to the pares this layout with that of traditional rectangular floor plan The ground where the has been set back in40 Office 12 the cide the 13 section Scale 14 with cafe 10 section of ground and 150 outer made from low von white 75 bind with head inner white with 75 of 0 of and 150 150 500 400mm suspended perforated metal 000 12 15 relation to the upper storeys, entirely accessible to the The movable sun protection instaled at 1 made accommodates a a reception desk and the entrances to possible to use glazing rarely applied in Both the the An open stairway on the sun-exposed of the as wes as the safety glass side of the building accommodates the existing slope of the of the outer have been made from low iron white glass. In The which extend the adjoining public square, Farrer a lowE coating has been added to the inner skin into the have quickly become a popular place achieving a light transmission rate of approximately in the for passers-by and office workers to sit and A children's high-rise office buildings in Sydney accepted a transmis- daycare centre has been positioned in the basement next of 30 to to the stairway. Further another four basement pro- vide space for car parking, storage, changing rooms and savings of 42% for developed a system Two additional outdoor areas are accommodated within the for the office space. Exhaust from the offices partially high-rise: one on the roof and one half The tonant of tracted through the The building has also been equipped the upper storeys has access to a 700 m² roof terrace at the with volume) conditioning Further- apex of the the building's glass skin has been ex- chilled have been to the adjacent to upwards to form a wind On the 15th floor, the fa- the to provide additional cade has been drawn back to create a This lev- There are also a number of areas that are exclusively naturally el is also used as an interchange between the different groups such as the ground foor where operat- of addition, it incorporates the reception area for the ed glass can be moved to open up the entire space to main Clayton Utz. one of the largest Australian law the exterior. The breakout zones small areas on the whose staff occupy the lower 15 of office space. of the atrium used for recreation, meetings or are also almost exclusively naturally As on the ground Visible features attention these have been completed with thermally activated One of the guiding principles in the detail design of 1 was building components, which are operated with waste heat from to make things The building was not to contain anything the system on cold days. If the need the ground nothing was to be covered up or hidden. "This I floor and the broakout zones can be cooled with the waste air believe, one of the most fundamental aspects of sustainable extracted from the work zones. says Christoph is a matter of The office space is by conventional sibility and Only things that are visible are designed which controlled according to daylight availability well and maintained and presence contrast to Central Europe, these This principle is displayed in part by the solar on the are, in accordance with Australian standards, set at a light inten- where the collectors have been out in an attractive fan-shape sity of only 320 arrangement even though they are only visible from the neigh- According to calculations made by the planners, Bigh will emit bouring The elevator installations in the atrium are around 42% less than a conven- so The elevator drives are positioned beneath be- tional high-rise in the same A trigeneration plant, which spoke glass enclosures allowing the machinery to remain visible, supplies power and energy to heat and cool the building, con- Furthermore, a fundamental feature of every design: a large part of these savings. This form of energy the The glass facade the first of kind in is more efficient than the generation of Australian Up to now, it has been common to equip cooling and electricity. The plant is operated with but also this type of building with sun protection glazing and an uses the thermal energy generated by conditioning system. in the exterior glass has per- array of as an energy source. An ab- the installation of exterior, movable, but also wind protect- sorption chiller transforms the solar thermal energy into cold en- ed The skin facade is not currently being ergy on The building's own power generation system used to the although there the possibility to covers approximately 25% of the total power the opening sashes into the inner at a later date. Air fow maining 75% drawn off the grid. simulation tests have helped to ensure adequato of The more energy supply system, however, does not and thus minimise heat gain inside the offices. The lead to savings. On the contrary, a proportion of the energy binds are controlled by a building management system and generated is used to move twice as much fresh air through the photographic sensors and can be adjusted according to the building than normally the case in office This results in 13 sition of the greater user comfort without adding any extra cost to to42 Office The Green Star building rating system Star national, voluntary environmental system that the environmental design and construction of was developed by the Green Building Council of and on existing such the the Noth The rating tool for offices was in 2000. Since Green Star tools have been developed to the Design and As of and public tenancy with office 17 - the interior Ground during construction and of the 20 in the individual Green 21 of roof during construction Sewage water for the cooling ber of points in three of the categories. The GreenStar Credit Criteria (Version Office Design v2) By 2015 Sydney intends to reduce its water consumption by vation is amongst where points were awarded for the quarter by more efficient sanitary equip- implementation of especially innovative in the case of Management (100%) a further reduction of 12 % sought from the of wa- these additional points were awarded for the double- Green Star Accredited Professional (2/2) Building User's Guide (1/1) can be considered a pilot project in this category skin the combined heat and power (CCHP) Commissioning Clauses (2/2) Environmental Management (3/3) too, since the building is home to the very first privately-operated the naturally ventilated atrium and the climate concept Commissioning Building (1/1) Waste Management (2/2) waste water treatment plant in It the building's with its different temperature Commissioning Commissioning Agent (1/1) waste water as well as water from the public sewer. The Fewer points were awarded inter ala for Daylighting and for plant is designed to process a total of 100 of water per day dividual Comfort Control due to the lack of the user's ability to Indoor Environment Quality (74%) only a quarter of this originates from the building the adjust the room temperature as well as for the categories Rates (3/3) (1/2) maining three quarters is extracted from the city's waste water and Land Use & in order to score the highest rating Air Change Effectiveness (2/2) Comfort (0/2) The purified water is used to fush (25 per day) this latter category, the new-buid would have been required Carbon Dioxide Monitoring and Control (1/1) Asbestos (1/1) and for the process of the absorption (75 to contribute towards the regeneration of contaminated Daylighting (1/3) Internal Noise Levels (2/2) per addition, a tank with a capacity of but this was simply non-existent on the Furthermore, Control (1/1) Organic Compounds (3/3) has been instaled in the The harvested is would have been necessary to reuse at least some parts of the High Frequency Ballasts (1/1) Minimisation (1/1) mainly used to a planted former office instead of them Electric Lighting (1/1) Mould Prevention External Views (1/2) Tenant Exhaust Riser (1/1) which runs along the wall of the adjoining building and also The high-rise highly in water efficiency, the avoidance of covers the conditioning units at All in all, these meas- emissions and the air quality in the Good quality is Energy (75%) reduce the consumption of domestic water the achieved through the high ar exchange rate in the offices and Energy (conditional Office Lighting Power Density (1/4) by approximately by avoiding the use of throughout the The Energy (12/15) Office Lighting Zoning (1/1) planners of 1 Bligh were able to find for Electrical (1/1) Peak Energy Demand Reduction (2/2) process and certification more than 80% of the materials commonly containing PVC. Tenancy Sub-metering (1/1) To ensure that the various project participants and trades coop- Even the concrete used for the new build is The large the building was planned using 3D BIM (Buid- spans in the office areas not only have a positive impact on Transport (82%) ing Information Modeling) All members of the planning workplace they also required the use of high-strength Provision of Car Parking (0/2) Cyclist (3/3) team and consultants more than 30 different fields of expertise which in turn reduced the total amount of concrete Small Parking Spaces (1/1) Commuting Public Transport were involved used a single three-dimensional model, which used. Furthermore 20% of the aggregate is recycled and more was updated continuously with additional information. Some of than 40% of the was replaced by low CO, Water (100%) the involved were specifically due to their such as and fly According the contrac- Occupant Potable Water Efficiency (5/5) Cooling Tower Water Consumption (4/4) with for Grocon, these concrete production methods saved a total of Water (2/2) Fire System Consumption (1/1) Having received the highest score of stars from the Austral- 5,700 tonnes of Even in Australia, where people are re- Landscape Imgation Water Efficiency (1/1) an Green Star rating system, 1 Bligh currently has the best rating nowned for not being good savers, these within the Sydney region. The tower scored the maximum num- spond to the annual emissions of 300 Materials (48%) Recycling Waste Storage (2/2) Recycled Content of Concrete Re-use of (0/2) Recycled Content Steel (2/2) Re-use of Structure (0/4) PVC Minimisation (2/2) Energy (Final kWh/a 100% Shell & Core or Integrated (1/3) Sustainable Timber (2/2) Demand Electricity Land Use & Ecology (25%) 00% Ecological Value of (conditional Change of Ecological Value (1/4) Re-use of Land (1/1) & Fill Removal from Site Total 40% Reclaimed Contaminated Land (0/2) Water balance 20% Emissions (71%) Refrigerant (2/2) Reduced Flow to Sewer (4/4) Cooling Refrigerant GWP (0/1) Light Pollution Landscaping Supply use Management mental Quality Energy Transport -755 Land & Refrigerant Leak Detection (1/1) (0/1) Refrigerant Recovery (1/1) Insulant ODP (1/1) Watercourse Polution (2/2) Innovations (100%)2012 Multi-family residence in Vienna Genesis of Client: design concept 2 of Holding Vienna Architects: 3 plan querkraft architekten ZT Vienna Clever devices against bureaucracy Scale Building physics: elevation & Poell Vienna Structural engineering: Franziska Leeb Alois Vienna Building services engineering: BPS Vienna General planner: AGERES Vienna Landscape design: Doris Vienna wasn't a great of cooperative wrote a father ent expected more than just well formed but uninteresting pas- while house hunting recently to Querkraft Architects from sive house he immediately the building where he had recent- The south-west within the grid of the historic been invited to a due to its atmosphere, asym- development posed far greater challenges than a site metry, room layout and the choice of materials. The on the green around the of the city, in terms of eight storey passive building which he was referring designed ban planning would have made sense to close this gap with an by Querkraft is on an site in L-shaped building But using this seemed impossi- close to the centre of With regard to the and bie to reach the required energy targets within a reasonable the atmosphere of the building he has a point. This is not your budget. By contrast, the simplest to work with was the erage non profit housing cooperative but a form of a thickly insulated cube with small openings. This commissioned by a private with a love for who technical optimum was until form was found. This was supported by the housing fund. should also be also offered and urban advantages. Furthermore inval- recognised that amongst the more aesthetically of dates the preconception that passive buildings are by nature un- residential in recent decades, are several clunky and sealed examples which score highly in terms of and Querkraft designed a building form with a starcase on an high quality Most of are rectangular which doesn't completely close the ated outside the historic city and of the most block but a to the vacant site recent new builds at great expense due to new regulations on creates a pleasant, more casual and growing pressure to achieve passive house standard, the street entrance for the residents and also allows the afternoon residential building on is extremely sun to reach the apartments oriented towards the courtyard. Not house Wrap around The on Universumstrasse comprised of six residen- The undulations in the are an attempt to create as much levels with 46 subsidised rental apartments, as well as office open space possible adjacent to the apartments. space on the ground and first The Holding According to building regulations, were not approached Querkraft Architects with the firm intention to permitted on this which extend over the create a passive building of high quality design. The architects building are only permitted over a third of a building's length had not previously been known for their experience with passive there are no traffic thoroughfares (for example be- but rather for their playful application of common rules This was officially justified with the of and standards. This talent pays dividends particularly in the passersby being injured by objects. the present day sign of subsidized residential and, accordingly, the with the towards Urban literallyresidence in 2012 2012 Built area: 906 Gross floor area: 6189 The the I Usable area: 3715 residential + 1100 of typical apartment level Scale section Scale office space Total area of loggias, balco- nies and private terraces: 1100 Living Winter use space units: 46 Heating requirement according to Common room PHPP: 15 according to 018 energy View into 10 View of a The undulations of the form a to the certificate: 5 6 (offices) A/V-ratio: 0.25 Average U- value: 0.317 U-values: External wall 0.104 Roof terrace 0.114 Green roof 0.073 Floor slab over unheated basement 0.095 5 soming, and encouraged and promoted by the city council of the minimises the boundary to the neighbouring Openings in the balcony plant pots and association can be used as a winter garden, among other this restriction already Hence with good argu- units, thus enhancing the of the balcony as a private boxes to be the appropriate fixings are provided by the things. An additional communal space is the extensively green mentation has become much easier to it. space. The building is not only by the activity bordered roof terrace with a covered seating in this project the trick les in the fact that the project- For the purpose of the precise formation of the external concrete of the but also in differing - by the ing balconies that around the entire building fa- wall (18 cm concrete with 30 cm EPS insulation and plaster) a This includes a planted strip at ground level, which separates the Comfort cade can be described as architectural This permanent shuttering system with pressed building from the footpath without being a The developers and the describe the building as an meant that in terms of building regulations they could be treated boards was applied. The combination of passive building and Energy-Saving Comfort rather than a Passive in the same way as typical wrap around usually considered as A variety of social spaces as they did not want users to think that they might have to accept The angles bring the building envelope behind the building in strong cold bridges. this the problem was re- There are a of internal areas provided which allow for reduced comfort levels. For this reason, a for the line and allow useful balcony space to be gained from the solved by the only being connected along 60% of their individual appropriation by the users. The entrance is a spacious project was a building services installation which allowed as cient Each oven the small 50 one-bedroom with thermally separated structural elements connecting where a drinking water fountain provides a quick refresh- much individual user control as possible. Whereas in most units, has at least 10 private outdoor 75 m² them to the Along the remaining the balconies before entering one's The generous sive buildings heating is circulated through the sys- room units have and over are completely separated from the foor so that here the with steps forms pleasant space to Above the the on was provided with an 90 have 25 of outdoor space. The timber full insulation thickness could be trance foyer is a double volume common room with a terrace in heating system, including a thermostat in every living and framed glass doors direct access from sev- Querkraft provided the residents with the ability to satisfy their Another space was planned just above this this time more The system can also provide cooling in summer by using eral rooms to the outdoor The elongated hexagonal form own taste and to ensure that their could be easily open to the staircase which with the of the48 residence 2012 2012 H Vertical section of floor which points Scale and New klimacaktiv evaluation terrace plate between levels Category Achieved on structure of 10 under the Energy gravel foor the gold standard to the insulation compacted 55 house Design and implementation (50%) double forced concrete 250 The residential with and (100%) 400 con- out of 1000 achieved gold 0 and construction to reinforced 12 Vertical 2th to Points were deducted in Design Comfort and indoor - quality floor 250 2 nm Scale and implementation due to stando not Total b Green 13 section of and being designated for residents use and 2. Crergy Planting Scare insufficient in Heating demand according to 15 - External 5 insulation as with were per- plus Primary energy to not water and 15 electricity for - concrete requirement right of 14 Certification result from the insulation 300 standard This of 13 Minimum requirement with 200 four assessment with different this figure would have been reduced to With the world's highest density of multi-storey passive in hindsight the additional investment not only pays prides on being the world chamption of passive through savings in running costs, but is also alleviated to a large This sector no longer a marginal for particularly extent through the relevant public authority green minded designers and but begin- Moreover, the building is certified as Passivhaus' to be regarded as the norm The higher financial cost Passive This building standard is wide- required mostly covered by the housing program through so- accepted in the Austrian building making it easier to caled support. For passive buildings there are receive approval for funding. To achieve a heating demand of grants which do not have to be refunded, of maximum at 80% less than the average is 60 usable and a further 20 for the integration of the standard sets limits to the total primary energy de- renewable energy sources. It is thereby presumed mand and requires building materials that the grants compensate for about 60% of the additional to be avoided, while good quality and user have to be to pense involved in building according to the Passive House The challenge for architects regardless of unavoid- Standard in a study of the project at Universumstrasse the build- able constraints defined a catalogue of in showing ing physicists & estimated additional costs of their fundamental as designers of living 90.08 If the heating and had been 12and A synergy: during foreground Hermann Kaufmann heads an archi- core - and tectural practice in Schwarzach/ of the completion Austria and is Professor at the hybrid timber constructions in buildings 3 for building Timber Construction Department of Munich Technical University. for au Scale Rainer Strauch is a civil engi- Hermann Kaufmann, Rainer Strauch neer and has been the Director of Research and Development at Cree in Bregenz since 2010. Multi-storey buildings are These advantages provided the incentive ber, the LCT concept focused instead on through division of systems: was demonstrated in early 2012, during a mum height of 32 From a structur- from timber. Usually building codes and for the development of à new the most efficient use of resources. The structural system, the building test assembly storeys each standpoint this would not be a problem protection regulations prohibit greater based building system for high-rises, though the building system consists the interior and service m) whose components can be for buildings that are up to 20 heights than four to six floors, depending named The first proto- of timber, the material is only used are constructed that they can used as a structural The divi- high. on the The primal of burning type of this new prefabricated the in situations where it Only be changed or replaced independently of the building systems (structural, the in the LCT ONE based on thousands of years of eight storey office LCT ONE the amount of timber is used where an from one building interior finishes and service project was made from in-situ con- human experience, has not yet been (LifeCycle Tower was completed in optimal balance of resource efficiency Longevity through high the easy disman- This was primarily due to the Austri- Reservations regarding the the summer of 2012 in and functionality could be achieved. The Due to the of com- of the an fire protection regulations which reliability and safety of this is Austria's first timber building at this hybrid constructed from timber and pensation measures were required in rently do not allow for the construction of building material remain. which is just below the national reinforced this: roin- order to the same safety The project, LCT in Dombim a structural core made from the increasing scarcity of (above which builtings are forced contributes a more effec- and label as conventional The eight storey prototype consists of a the concerning legally considered high-rises and thus sound fire protection and However, such additional measures circulation core, which the en- Among other functions the floors have to emissions as well as the rising prices have regulations regarding greater compressive tend to overcompensate high with office spaces attached transfer vertical forces from the for and concrete predestine timber where the load-bearing el- safety factors and conservative est- on one An storey was supports while at the same time blocking for use as a building material in large- ements did not need to be enclosed but Development of the building system mates) so that in fact a higher safety out for the company, Cree GmbH. the spread of from floor to the scale buildings. Not only are buildings remained visible and The goal The building system for LifeCycle Tower standard has been an extended range of control and meas- LifeCycle Tower this requirement was ful- constructed from timber exceptional for of the project was to test the feasibility of was the product of a three-year Longevity through comfort and energy urement systems were installed in order filled by composito ribbed of timber their energy-efficient production (having the building system and to prove the plinary research and development efficiency: with prototypes like LifeCycle to process various test runs for the build- and the the spaces less embodied energy) and for the fact workability of the system under which preceded the construction of the Tower, energy efficiency is the highest ing systems, as well as to for an the form that growing timber absorbs carbon conditions. pilot project in The system was A positive side effect of the extended monitoring of the key energy in- which prevent the spread of These Timber construction also enables a designed for buildings up to 20 storeys in mised building shell is increased then The remaining levels will be compartments also contain the ducts for greater degree of shortens Resource efficiency order to keep the focus on rented out to sustainable the building There are no sus- construction time and guarantees high most other timber construction pro- conditions, a viable generic through the use of healthy pended except in the corridors quality finished jects attempt to the use of time prototype was developed for the Central the use of non-toxic Construction and details as the intention of the project was for European market even at this early building materials is an essential factor The load-bearing system consists of three the timber to This prototype was meant to function for the longevity of Timber, primary elements, which by nature of their The floor as an office hotel or apart- even it is glued, this requirement construction guaranteed to be Each of these 2.7 units con- The following goals were free: the building the and the sists of an sup- emphasised by the project development ported by four beams made from Another major was that the con- The core stabilises the building from all glued laminated timber (each cross struction system should be easy to dis- horizontal forces such as wind, earth- tion 24 28 reduction of the construction time by Fundamentally one can assume The core was originally Each floor element has to supported a third compared to conventional that a construction consisting of assem- planned to be constructed from solid tim- on its four At the the buildings bied elements can be This ber in vertical sections, each at a maxi- rest on steel high quality architecture timber must remain compared to tional To achieve this the following development were Longevity through of All spaces are regarding prerequisites for this are a simple building typology with culation as well as high The facade grid of 2.7 m variety of floor the height is appro priate well as office2012 2012 and view of office construction a Plan of Vertical section of Scale a Office frame construction) b Exterior with Assembly of floor element 10 Assembly of element with columns 11 Cross-section of and Scale Precast D and Glued 24 12 Life analysis to between global of LCT ONE and reference building Comparison of emissions in the system and ONE and conventional con- construction Along the supports are formed by ed on site order to prevent damage according to DIN EN Another ad- 27 kg of CO, per of which to guarantee a comfortable cooling can be adjusted. There are two the laminated timber After being during transport. vantage of the from the perspective mately two thirds result from the Building perature in case of outdoor different temperature settings for the floor are joined to- The end of each construction phase of protection that they serve as a operation and one third from the con- pied and unoccupied The system gether to form a stabilising ceiling plate suits in one completed storey with the continuous stop between the struction. That is around 32% lower The building is connected to the local automatically registers the room is by means of a joint wood finishes inside Furthermore the do not have hollow emissions than a conventionally built ren- heating which provides warmth cupied (for example through motion de- The consist of two rec- the building safely protected from spaces where fine can spread. forced building of the same from renewable sources with use of light switches and even laminated timber sections each ent weather by the hybrid and The supports have a and with the same use. combined heat and power). The transfer mouse use of computers). 24 24 Each of the two column cade elements. The advantage of this ance rating of R which was verified Over the course of its cycle, the build- station (performance the The users are active participants in the supports an adjacent foor dry form of construction is that work on through a calculatory procedure. ing saves 340 tonnes of CO, ceiling radiant heating for the office fort to avoid energy loss. If, The columns are all and are the interior of the enclosed though they are only exposed on three This comparable to the amount that a es as well as the supplementary heating for example, a window remains open for only subject to perpendicular forces. es can begin There is no sides with the covered by the Golf would emt during 60 for the system. Additionally than set time during high or low eral column can be combined into a waiting period for concrete to burning from all sides was around the Two there is a floor heating system in the outdoor temperatures, an alarm signal single by means of timber framed The approach to the assumed for the The (ap- tonnes of CO, savings are ground entrance (activated by the sensors in the window) ements which can be mounted together system and the is also used proximately) 10 mm gap between the sin- thanks solely to the hybrid timber con- Cooling for the building is provided by a The users receive a similar with the The of prima- for the services: panels elements of the double column is struction. Even the interior design was op- compression ing signal if the indoor moisture exceeds and secondary construction allows for are suspended on the underside of the filled with non-combustible with the help of cycle frigeration unt with integrated free cooling a certain Additionally, if the air con- a faster assembly than conventional sys- hybrid floors between the timber the building is equipped with ment. For example, instead of the origi- (nominal performance The is turned on outdoor tem- Furthermore, because the system is These panels provide heating, cooling, an automatic fire which the planned natural ing is distributed to the chilled of peratures are low, the user is sent a sig- completely dry, there are no delays due ventilation and acoustic fine service. ed screeds were used as finishes for the the office spaces and the supplementary nal to rather open a window. to drying out Smoke and motion detectors, daylighting and stairs, which had less of an en cooling of the system in a simi- sensors and electrical for the cycle analysis For the facade, manner to the heating system. Further- Lighting and sun-shading The construction process cade, systems and lighting can order to assess the benefits of the eral wool insulation made from recycled more, each has a The Tower has been designed order to exclude the effects of moisture also be included fact, nearly composite construction in figures, the with an ter network to service the optional server for maximum This goal was also and from the immediate vicinity of the the entire scope of building service intra- ent performed a environmental impact as- binding agent were used, and for the of- Chilled can be stored in a bull- applied to the Each is timber structural system, the ground structure can be integrated in the sessment according to the de- fice spaces, floor certified or storage tank connected to the able to choose different lighting (and optional basement) of every in this fined by the German Sustainable Building were solutions with standard pendular lights for Tower constructed from convention- Council shortly after the comple- office spaces. The suspension of the al such as reinforced protection tion of the project. This included the and cooling Heating and control lights were adapted to the distances of The facado and floor elements of the up- All load-bearing in LCT ONE environmental impact of the The building has a central Heating and are regulated in the pre-installed supply points in the per are erected one storey at a or exceed, the 90-minute operation, maintenance and the disposal with heat recovery (including a sections (usually by room, in modules of a ing. in this manner the tenants are to Although the elements ance For the composite floors of LCT ONE during an assumed operation pass for times of moderate outdoor tem- 2.7 m grid) by the building automation mount the lights in whichever be completely the outer this requirement 90 according to EN of 50 years. Based on the square metros The system possesses sup- system. The room temperature of the ex- tion they The corridors are cladding surface of LCT ONE was mount- 13501-2) was certified through a fine test of net floor space, the building plementary heating and cooling in order haust or is measured so that heating or equipped with LED per of for ONE 20 30 60 12 Construction Operation of LOT ONE 5.8 20 40 100 120 140 13 Supports54 and 14 element protection 15 angles Quality management for healthy indoor to to element 10 performance according to Energy the of Construction spaces and according to Package) 17 control system with recovery Christine Overath, Justus Kampp transfer and control Compression For the shading of the building, the office makes adjustments for each room so that complete monitoring of the building Air is our most important form of suste- limits are relevant in witness Requirements planning levels are equipped with two-part exterior only the amount of light needed services and an evaluation of the most nance. Without water, we would survive ments and therefore in the eyes of the law The location of the building has sun shades. The upper part can be ad- turned important energy in the building for three days and without food, to a claim is made. impact on the quality of indoor justed separately to reflect light deep into The users have the option of making man- possible. in this way, users are able to three But only very few people For Germany, the German Federal ar. Depending on the municipal district the During the night the sun adjustments at any time through the optimise the operational costs and can hold their breath for longer than three ronment Agency published recommend- and the exact location of the shades are moved into position so at individual control and thus to duce energy consumption the long- every an adult ed values for the total organic there can be different forms of low warmth is kept in the ride the automatic lighting and shading There is a monitor in the entrance pumps an astonishing 17 to 19 kilo- compounds II, in buildings as arising from heavy indus- building (shading slats closed) or area which informs the visitors of the of through their body. early as 1999. is therefore high time that try and the processing trades, as well as to increase cooling at high temperatures building's primary energy consumption Paradoxically, the quality of indoor air in planners addressed the issue of interior health due to natural factors such (shading up). system and its carbon buildings is disregarded. as and spores. in Upon entry of area, the lighting (except A photovoltaic system with a leasing building products, their incorrect particulate air pollution is usually in the corridors and circulation areas) mance of and an expected yearly Project application, inadequate and high-quality building methods higher than in the countryside. Near must be manually activated by the user yield of approx. 10000 was instaled Project development and construction management Cree pollution, such as carbon Before planners can ban parks, however, can be reduced by with a conventional light Accord- on the of LCT ONE Furthermore or mildew, lead to inhabitancy themselves with the health aspects of the effect of trees and ing to recent studies more energy can be there is a photovoltaic system of compa- 27 conditions that are neither comfortable they first have to Ozone concentrations following Schwarzach saved by turning the lights on manually rable quality in development which can in the long run, new build- themselves with the of smog can also be lower in the vicinity of compared to automatic switching. Subse- be retrofited to the facade. partner ings as well as in an increas- building physics and thermal green spaces. contrast, high quently the electric lighting is ing degree of airtightness is leading to which form the basis for any healthy levels often occur n less green regulated depending on the presence automation systems and astonishing and, in some cases, alarming building. is not only necessary to and, with a time delay, in outside of the brightness outside and the monitoring Thüringen of pollutants in the air sure good noise insulation and the city as position of the shading to the set order to guarantee energy efficient use protection where the average person but also thermal insulation, in- On the other where there und workplace brightness (usually 500 and a high level of LCT ONE has spends up to 00 of their cluding the consideration of any possible are few trees can to for daylight sensor on the roof constantly been equipped with a master building au- At the same investors and thermal bridges, the details of which can- people who are allergic to as measures the amount of daylight and This system makes the Hard users are becoming ever more health- not be analysed Once these meadows and trees there have frequently there is less for good building quality are been cleared for Wetlands and less willingness to accept the pres- health aspects can be considered, adjacent to streams, waterways and bod- Energy balance to energy certificate ence of harmful substances in the home, in with, and in relation the les of as as to forests with their and volumes a situation which can considerable planning phases. shady and atmosphere are Gross - volume claims for damages, against the Another consideration is that Average systems such as Useful energy demand BREEAM or LEED, which set clear for indoor and Cooling institutional financial investors are in- creasingly having to pay for energy demand 243 ance with these stipulations by being Cooling dened with higher financing costs. their Lighting to submit they Total cally point out the planner's responsibility Energy balance according to PHPP for these and The does not have to know Energy reference - Enclosed volume single harmful substance in detail, but he or she should know that there are offi- Energy demand Healing demand recommended limits for Total primary energy demand of such substances, whereby such of and 47 House in Cooling of temperature 7% The the house to receive the certificate of & 17 for of50 management to spaces 2012 and Label Country Website Obligatory indoor Max. TVOC Consideration of air individual materials DE - 1000 Ways in which enter from construction opening DE 1000 di Joints CH 1000 Sewer system CH Requirements certification and for quality regarding the and house in Total Quality AT 3 Values recommended by the German Federal The evaluation system of the Hous Environment Office for organic classifies materials according to their 2 pounds to commonly ridden with mould spores. For lines in particular, as well as cracks in the due to the moisture from the construction dust back into the due to more or circular However, trust in and quality people who are allergic to mould and have to be taken into account phase and the somewhat lower surface less inefficient does not occur. duces electromagnetic marks is not advisable, as only individual- dew, such places are not as 4). Here, rendering temperatures. A high standard of interior The system another Depending on the location and sensitivity tested building are available somewhere to does not only mean applying an however, can be achieved with component of healthy Systems of the users, shielding of the building but no product systems for complete lay- A special issue the increased level of but also to measures any mode of construction planning and with short are espe- also an option and reduces ered Use of such radon pollution in areas of that protect the building effectively implementation are carried out carefully cially for the air coming into the ind- diation from external This is can lead to chemical incompatibility of Radon is a gas that escapes against ground in the case of and vidual as they are easier to main- by means of an earthed the different building products or even to from the ground, especially in these renovations, radio can be If there is pollution due to external envi- tain. The longer the pipe system and the ing made of for example, technical construction problems. From a gions. As the gas is than duced by means of increased ronmental influences, their nature and less it the more is which is integrated in the exterior purely point of view, it may be gathers in cellars and in the lower layers possibly backed up with the appropriate strength should be checked (by a to maintain and the pipos. The user ing by means of suitably plaster possible and even economically sensible, of indoor air. When breaks down, the technical equipment. The of a technical for Dust and must also be informed of the necessary boards for the interior whose graphite to use materials carpets, gas releases alpha radiation which can door that makes the cellar is material obtained from old build- for a content has shielding As the adhesives, primer etc. for floor cover- be inhaled and directly enters the cell also simple and way of pro- may also betray details of pre-exist- system, so that proper functioning of the planning and implementation of measures ing) that come from different manufactur- of the human body. in areas with high living areas against ing harmful substances such as wood is and a and at the reduction of electrosmog are en and in themselves, radon more than average cases of radon gas. germs in the can be effectively pre- very complex, a suitably qualified special- However, there the danger of cancer are therefore to be During the preliminary design phase, the planner building biologist should be dictable reactions on the part of the com- onradon and other forms of Preliminary and detailed design planner should take into account the spa- systems, however, cannot be consulted any measurable success is to ponents, whereby increased elimination pollution can be provided by municipal As carly as when the basic mode of con- tial interrelationships between rooms and expected to substances be of can occur. Tested environmental data, which allow an initial struction is being must be the consequences thereof for indoor arising from building If they are from one manufacturer are therefore assessment of the hazard involved. If an kept in mind that buildings made of For people who are allergic to well maintained, they only remove Execution design and selection of building to be preferred over individual building examination of the ground shows that newable raw materials have a somewhat dew, for it is advisable that and reduce excessive in a materials materials from different 100 is exceeded as an higher degree of basic pollution in the household waste via the the installations described all This planning phase is when the planner The planner must also carefully consider erage, special attention ought to be paid form of VOCs organic com- shortest The kitchen should there- need sufficient space, which is often not able to exert the greatest influence on where the respective material is built into to making basements both pounds) due to the natural origins of fore be close as possible to an sufficiently large room for questions of especially in the the The a material to in new buildings and in ones that are to these Conversely, massive trance to the For the same technical house equipment as as selection of building materials All on the the greater the undergo Apart from the build- buildings have a greater mould potential rubbish chutes and similar systems are corresponding installation shafts must decisions are based on the am of mini- probability that it will release its into ing penetration of house connection than lightweight and wooden buildings, not to be recommended. Moreover, dur- therefore be mising the absorption of harmful sub- the indoor air. this means that ing cooking and roasting, emissions A room adjacent to the bedroom stances through the use of tosted low- special attention must be paid to the type that can often be unhealthy. A kitchen keeps harmful substances from clothing emission products as a preventative and quality of surface treatment and as a separate with a suitable extrac- or from external contamination away from measure. Where possible, products test- as well as to their application. The for fan is therefore to be for the most important areas used for rest od by well-known testing agencies and Haus Institut has developed an health reasons. and of the institutes evaluation matrix that can be used for the For people with allergies, a kind of room in the sleeping area is occasionally Eurofins) should selection of building and 25000 lock in the entrance area is Avoid regarded as but is to be rejected mended. For example, one can have a for health reasons. Apart from the guest WC fitted out as a small bathroom the different temperature levels (cool Approval Health relevance Measure 20000 where people allergic to can take bedroom warm are practical- to the construction off their outdoor clothing and have a to shower before entoring the living Another issue worth mentioning is Construction to unchanged possible 15000 A central air purification system topic frequently discussed in approval for Sufficient health portant element of healthy indoor the building The planner should Probably information this not only for allergy reliably work towards minimising the impact of Additional the 10000 moves house dust, excrement and electric and electromagnetic For 1000-3000 the from the air and deposits them in this purpose, the following are suitable: Rejection Construction has to be changed Use acceptable 0 central collecting The used air is shielded power cables or empty pipes, 5000 months efficiently and blown outside the which curb the fields produced by Product has on the indoor in to normal tric mains decoupiers which the carbonising of dust separate individual rooms from according to due to contact with motor compo- the power supply when electrical devices is Blowing of particulate are not being and star-shaped - floormanagement to spaces 2012 and The replacement of can 10 Adherence the and Christine Overath is the owner of the - the process without any Concentration order an architectural standards information which no on the of practice in Solingen. Her certificates replaced can be the focus is in the areas of passive or low or boarding made of house healthy b Materials with emissions wooden-frame construction, munic- decreasing ipal building and building reno- board Contractual relationships in the of tuiding vation. di construction Timber Justus Kampp is Tawyer in Frei- Wood base board burg. He specialises in issues acting relating to sustainable indoor hygiene and building mate- boarding made rials. Original construction construction 10 Time the building materials n relation of materials, is to sure erwise carried out only for components be allowed to play a subordinate It will always be necessary to clearly to their position the building and the that they have subjected to reliable that are relevant to the load-bearing ca- (e.g. as storage rooms) during later use fine a specific level of quality for amount used and emission pacity of the construction is especially by the occupants. es and products, whereby this can What central for a healthy building is necessary for building materials near sur- only be reached in collaboration with the to employ low-emission to submit and The respective trades person or of a contract and liability those specialists and groups involved in products for the building materials that of the contract craftsman cannot be responsible to per- The current trend towards stipulated Neither indoor nor are actually used for a construction and addition to the selection of building ma- form task health or sustainability goals for buildings can be achieved through that can como into contact with the indoor concrete and bindingly agreed From the moment when the envelope of highlights numerous legal questions. How adherence to individual standards. They even this only occurs One processing and behavioural rules that the building is made airtight (this is usual- are such goals to be agreed on in con- are a qualitative performance that example is the screed, un- have already been communicated in the the time when the windows and house tracts? Who is for their achieve- due and whose failure can often only be der which polystyrene frequently used invitation for and that apply door are installed) the the buid ment? Who bears what risks? rectified with great as When the screed the companies performing the are of is to be monitored with special nor walked a pumping motion occurs as central After the trades addition to agreed indoor are clearly defined On the contra- The liability risks are to as- result of which containing styrene from people and are the most ins- measurements in the course of construe- they are indeterminate and thus sessed as Accordingly, the sustain- this layer of insulation can the room portant players in the implementation of as well as after the air quire definition in ability and health goals must be through the expanding joints at the floor/ health quality all those temperature and humidity can be building Planners and arch- precisely and in all the contracts wall junctions 8). involved should take part in a worker easily effectively with a com- tects, in particular, must ensure clarity in with those who are actually involved in Moreover, there are areas of use where training course, preferably before the mercially available the contract only in the interest of limit- This especially applies if the employment of materials with start of construction or before the finish- The installation of a window-mounted ing their own liability. Frequently, general are enployed. If so, it precisely defined technical ing work begun. so-called which references to rules and systems, must be ensured that there are no gaps n tics is simply This includes The exact designation of the selected acquires and stores ventilation can such as DGNB or LEED, are insufficient the chain of liability. for which cannot building materials and their emission also of provides the residents as these systems change or building projects always be made of materi- as well as the formulation of in- with direct information on whether The reference and time must there- often differ from conventional ones in There often no alternative to the methods are also indispensable tion has been carried out sufficiently and fore be in the contract wherever terms of With external con- fire-proofing of materials in public build- components of the invitation to submit for how long and Knowledge of the reference is made to these Other- auditors and certification bodies ings contrast, silicon joints con- Last but not least, use of the decay curves of important groups of wise, newer, stricter values than those (e.g. additional people become taining in living areas with lected building products with an harmful substances is also advantageous visaged during planning and tender involved in the building process and for example, are completely unnecessary of the manufacturers and product tation may be applicable the decisive therefore appear in the matrix of contracts and can be avoided by means of simple names are to be agreed on bindingly, as in addition, the site manager must regu- time of the final acceptance The professional editing of structural the there is a danger of problems caused by larly check adherence to the building site This can be a liability trap for contracts and corresponding contract basic principle that the technical harmful substances non-approved from the moment when the envelope and The precise contractual management should therefore indis- of a building material must have priority native products are used. of the building is made Among definition of success in respect of health pensable components of all such building over suitability in terms of indoor other things, keeping dust to a minimum or sustainability is therefore projects. is generally Apart from this, the Building support and site management one of the basic of a healthy Consistent management for healthy fact that many commercially Building of buildings where a high building site. Dust and particulates are lead a change of in order to rule due to the building materials are with indoor air quality is to be achieved are like the memory of the in that movement of a spect to indoor hygiene can be pecially in need of supervision by the harmful substances are deposited on the was on fied. This makes it possible to avoid manager. addition to or her usual dust Moving the work that and make to materials that are difficult to pro- the site manager together with the dust grinding, or procure. construction is responsible for outside of the building reduces the Project The that is not checking the delivered building materials amount of harmful substances in the tomatically is important. Coatings and components as they This as early as during construction. Consultant planner made of renewable raw materials can the case from the very start of For the work to be done outside the emt large amounts of solvent which On the basis of the delivery the a designated ideally covered makes healthy indoor or impossible. act product codes on the pockaging and workstation ought to be organised. the in spite of many building products the documents, case of large construction projects, made from renewable mineral raw is necessary to check that the correct door areas that are separated by and tested by independent products with the requested quality and doors from the rest of the building's cies have some outstanding qualities in the corresponding characteristics have interior this These areas body terms of healthy living. For 8 choice been This check which oth- should be well and should only2012 5 and Keeping the Mary Rose and dry Products and materials More than four decades after discovered on the bed of the and 30 years after was the Mary Rose will be the end of 2012. The Tudor warship goes on display at the new Mary Rose Muse- um at Portsmouth Dockyard, housed in on insulation space created with the help of more than 4,000 of TLX Siver multi-foil from Web This better known for its use in 100 and 150 conversion and refurbishment projects is said by the company to be fast and simple to works together with glass wool to reduce the total thickness of insula- has Thermal insulation tion and with rigid board to reduce been for the The matorial was specified by Architen specialists in protective tensile architecture for use as a vertical thermal housing the en on the side of a PVC-coated polyester fabric membrane to Colourful external insulation for a frame building envelope provide a dry, insulated This acts as hotbox in which conservation work can be A total of 5,000 of external wall insulation from Sto was speci- The holbox is the ship's and for the spraying of the by TN Architects to an attractive and well-insulated with polyethylene glycol solution for specialised finish on a recent project in Avenue, A long-term conservation. mixed-use development of affordable flats for the local com- Once spraying finishes it will take another four to five years for munity has been provided with the help of public and private the ship to be dried under precise conditions of temperature operation. A key objective of the scheme was that needed to and relative comply with the Council of the City of Edinburgh's sustainability standards and one of the ways to accomplish this was to focus Web Dynamics on the envelope design. The system was designed Moss Lane, Blackrod, Borton through the use of StoTherm Classic external insulation BL6 United Kingdom on steel frame building structure, achieving a U-val- Tel: +441204 674730 of 0.22 for the external Fax: +441204 695333 The - for or Ewan managing partner at 7N explained: E-Mail: new home development plus minimum "We specified Sto for this project as we had a particular require- www.webdynamics.co.uk and ment for a robust finish and we also wanted a wide range of colour Sto was very helpful and worked closely with us to develop and the colour palette on StoTherm Clas- achieved the desired U-value and we are pleased with the finished The development forms an open network of energy-efficient apartments buildings and spaces overlooking the river with of shared equity, rented units and affordable Additionally, A 12-storey apartment building in New York, designed by arch- Avenue will also house up to eight units to and is the world's first large new businesses within the community. idential project to incorporate Cabot's Lumira in win- dow The brief was to luxury apartments Sto Ltd. with natural daylight. The material has been used within Ad- Kingsland Business Park, Wade vanced Glazings' insulated glass units to allow maximum Basingstoke, Hampshire, RG24 United Kingdom light to enter the building while providing superior levels of The design Tel: +44 141 8000 lation and sound The particles consist of demanded precise Fax: +441256 810887 more than 90% contained in a structure with sizes expression the which E-Mail: smaller than the mean path of or which severely This inhibits heat transfer through the building has The glass units make around a third of all the windows in the window and offer a glass insulation U-value of and a sound insulation that exceeds the US transmis- sion class 36 using a standard construction of 6 mm results claimed to be unprecedented a glass window. The remaining windows were triple glazed and this, to with the aerogol units, ensures the apartments could have to windows admitting the maximum amount of light while offering high level of energy Left scheme comples with Cabot Corporation 15, of City B-3001 Leuven, +32 1639 2400 Fax: +32 1639 2444 The company The an E-Mail: onand 2012 2012 and Made from old sheep's wool and polyester Green roofs and facades Thermobond insulation is general purpose insulation product for use internal wall and applications. According to the it surpasses all UK Building Standards requirements in terms of and mould Vertical gardening with modular panels The product, which was developed by Kraft Architecture from Glasgow, uses 100% recycled Dramatic design statements can be created with planting using including a large percentage of recycled wool sourced primarily Living Wall available from Garden Being from This is combined with up to 7-8% polyester to rigid, the modular do not necessarily require an existing bond the together into According to but need to be secured to similar support Closed Loop the product competes with mineral & Claimed to be very tough and and for use in- glass fibre insulations on and achieves value of doors and outdoors (drainage basin not they are This system does the used Thermobond able to retain and release in two The standard model, for living walls up to not require existing for production mainly Support recycled and moisture, which makes suited for vapour open breathable wall is mm in height, 500 mm wide and 150 mm deep. required for green construction and enhanced thermal capacity The Each panel includes water reservors: the roots above the wa- over 3 manufacture of the recycled insulation requires 90% less energy ter line and absorb what they require. Coach or wall an compared to typical wool mineral chors are to the wall or fence once the is soft to the touch and has non To heighten is hung on the wall through keyhole For larger its vermin and insect Thermobond is treated with displays, Pro H (with the same dimensions as the standard mod- boron during production. If naturally retardant and and the Pro (double the width) are both with only chars when exposed to a as there is insufficient supply This system has one tap connection The oxygen in the product to support its 16 mm lines are compatible with standard hose Support rails are supplied if the size is over 3 but are not needed for smaller sizes. Zebedee fixings are ted into the rails and the units are attached to Closed Loop Scotland 280 High Street Garden Ltd. Glasgow United Kingdom P.O. Box East The insulation Tel: +44 552 5722 West RH19 United Kingdom Fax: +44 7061232 Tel: +44 2377 This system and for or achieves of E-Mail: E-Mail: indoor and mineral wool insulation Softening the look of proof concrete With ECOSE, Knauf is offering an soft and waterproofing membrane from Kemper System to traditional The natural was used for a green wall that some of the electri- brown colour of the insulation is due to the replacement of cal the London Olympics Although the petroleum-based binders by a bio-based cabling was installed underground, access points were required According to Knauf mineral wool with ECOSE free for maintenance and repairs, and one of these is in a main from acrylics, and artificual colours or roughfare. A 6-m-high bomb-proof concrete built around dyes. Furthermore, mineral wool with ECOSE some of the was covered by an area of with most stringent for interior air quality, including The system installed in a single, process and binders stands out EUROFINS Air Comfort and the U.S. GreenGuard res to create a durable, waterproof membrane that bonds waterproof membrane traditional mineral with Certificate for Children and The new, bio based binder to the substrate and cannot used the green that some and also contains some 70% less energy than traditional A fascia was then constructed on the wall to a electrical While this constitutes only minor part of the and 6 m sedum blankets were used to cover this and create the embodied energy in the glass mineral wool from Knauf green was planted with a variety of fed by an Insulation also contains up recycled glass and is 100% underground system. The technical properties of ECOSE insulation are in Specialist contractor, Tiga Europe's Adams commented: many cases even better than with traditional mineral wool by regularly Kemperol V210 as the basis for our green Knauf For example, the new insulation has an as it is quick and simple to install and provides a improved durability and loses less of its tensile strength when solution for any in addition to ageing than the traditional product. also has root resistance ideal for this type of Knauf Insulation P.O. Box 10 Stafford Road Kemper System Ltd. St Kemper House, Quay WA10 3NS, United Kingdom WA2 United Kingdom +44 1744 766 600 Tel: +44 1925 445532 The green Fax: +44 1744 766 Fax: 444 1925 575096 planted with a variety of low energy house, wid to hide the wing Email:and 2012 2012 5 and Greening the High Line system for energy Soon after the High Line Park in New York has in historic in particular, highly insulating windows ready won much international and become role mod- compromise the visual aesthetic with their For el for similar projects Since 2006. the former rail- those Italian has developed way viaduct in which is 5-9 m high and the OS2 system of metal in steel, 9-18 m has been converted into an elevated park accord- corten and this system was awarded a Honourable ing to the plans of architects Field Operations, archi- in the Compasso Design 2011. its and the garden designer Piet range has been enlarged by two new types of frame (for pivoting The planners aimed to retain the character of the natural and as well as a range of for and widerness that had been allowed to there for thermally-broken glass divisions and new door the product The 20 years. Field Operations developed the 'planking' system, A common feature of all the of According system the High Line walkways made of concrete planks tapered to one end that the of which is a 46 mm for lateral and the windows vegetation low the boundaries between hard and soft surfaces to become mm for central The equivalent width of 62 mm also achieve down pathways to to with blurred. 210 plant species were selected for the park, including applies to the central junction in double According to double one many shrubs and trees that are thriving on a substrate with an the between the opening and fxed average depth of 45 cm. Beneath this substrate layer, Flo- parts of windows and doors are thus all but invisible from the radrain elements from water storage and drainage outside. of excess water. The drainage elements have storage The new, thermally-broken for glazing bars now on their upper side for storing Excess water, designers to re-create the visual effect of iron window on the other drained by the channel system Flo- with siender The visible with of these profiles radrain were installed across the entire even only 36 mm. The product range is complemented by beneath the existing supply lines for water and locks and the series of window and door comprising round and square sections in the four materials selected by steel, stainless corten and ZinCo GmbH SpA 2 195 A notable reference D-72622 Nürtingen, Germany project for was the Italy of 7022 Tel: +39 0422 in were on the Fax: 7022 Fax: +39 by High for which even beneam the exist E-mail: E-Mail: www.zinco-greenroof.com were Windows and doors thanks a new type of profile VELFAC's new window, 200 was created with no lesser door for low energy construction ambition than create the world's first energy-positive concrete this minimising heat losses a highly thermally insulated as well embodied energy in the window, and maximising door system, based on the system dimensions of the solar through the window by making the profiles as tested Corona profile with a basic of 82 mm. The as door frames achieve a calculated of 1.1 VELFAC 200 uses a combination of a wooden frame on the face of IN and Equipped with appropriate triple glazing (U, the and reinforced polymer compound on the The Helo range system is thus capable of achieving values of exterior. It is available in two for 24 mm double glazing comprises threshold provide an can take standard triple glazing and (achieving values down to and for 48 mm triple and reversible trans- cial function glazing up to a glass thickness of 52 Maximum between inside and which case of 0.84 and lower are windows as as outside glass weights of up to 400 kg are therefore The possible). 200 has same as the and window 5-chamber vent frames are guided in continuous block outer previous VELFAC 200 and can be used in frame, which is 219 mm deep. An gasket ensures combination with the latter. The composite material, used proper sealing and the quiet operation of the vents. The for the outer part of the window profiles, consists of 82% glass um threshold is thermally broken, eliminating any thermal threads and 18% polyurethane. bridging. can also be designed with supplementary profile to addition to manufacturing the VELFAC also offers provide absolutely access. The face widths of the advice on window following the credo that profiles are a 174 mm at the side and creating - optimum results can often be achieved by combining double- der glazed and windows in the same Schüco International KG VELFAC Ltd. The Old Livery from D-33609 Germany Hildersham, Cambridge United Kingdom can be +49 +44 1223 897100 view of the the Fax: 521 783-451 Fax: 1223 897101 of new glass E-Mail: na www.volfac.co.uk2012 02 Tools for sustainable DETAIL Green architecture Books Energy-efficient lighting LED tubes With Long Aura Light has launched a new LED light source that, according to the manufacturer, will last at least 60,000 Whereas many LED solutions have had A holistic approach to the assessment of sustainability with moisture and chemical contamination harming the Green building certification Green building International building systems as they stand today and reducing the the LED of sealed systems certification systems This book gives an overview of a wide rango of such as over hours a glass tube in order to protect from harmful Aura Light offers an eight year guarantee for the new light DGNB and compares system of service Long Life for and content while certification processes and costs. Athough UNLED Long Life looks like a is designed pages with such for new LED rather than retrofit applications. This and 21 International conditions for sustainable building means that the LED light source should be used in specially Certification systems in detail: DGNB, adapted is as easy to replace as a EU CASBEE tube, which means that the lighting installation can be upgraded Planning processes and documentation requirements with the most energy-efficient light sources as the LED Certification technology develops, without replacing the entire The Project examples light source uses an external LED According to Aura Market potential green certificates UNLED Long Life is also energy providing a documented output of over 100 per Aura Light AB P.O. Box 508 The LED SE-37123 Sweden Sustainable Concepts for the post-fossil fuel era but Tel: Building Services Sustainable Building Services designed for Planning and operating energy-efficient building services Fax: 267 17 specially LEO The book "Sustainable Building describes in compact E-Mail: info@auralight.com than www.auralight.com form the most important facility concepts and components for pages with building project examples how the and building systems can be individually adapted to different uses, 21 79.50 building sizes and postage/packing Building services systems LED at work Building services in the energy concept Optimisation in existing buildings and in operation offers new lighting solutions for everyday office work with the Aurista recessed luminaires and the digital continu- ous line system. The Aurista has a star-shaped reflec- for of light-guiding plastic with coated These ing widen the area and thus also reduce levels of contrast occurring between the light source and the peripher- surfaces. Aurista can be installed in ceiling systems with posed and concealed gride as well as in and an achieves a luminous efficiency of up to Sustainable building planning from the outset standard and Equally designed by the new digital life cycle achieves approach to A cycle approach to buildings A on an essential future topic continuous line system achieves a high level of in terms efficiency of buildings in the sustainable planning and management of buildings to of application can different optics and must take into account their entire cycle from construction light colours as well as a between 3,500 and to demolition and This book reveals exactly what This makes possible to implement glare reduced pages with fice or classroom as well as lighting for industrial and and storage Subsequent for other applications is al- Environmental cycle assessments of so According to achieves a ho construction elements and buildings mogeneous across the complete length Calculates and Me cycle costs without dark at end. Efficient operation is guaran- Reference projects: Me cycle analysis in practice by a light output of and a long service Panning databases and tips on calculations TRILUX GmbH & Co. KG Heidestrasse D-59759 Germany +49 The Fax: 5194 line E-Mail: Order online at online through the booksProducts 2012 Dulux TRADE Trade & Trusted Updated with LEDs now offering classic in a new LED This new type of light source increased the efficiency to 88 Notor now offers a more balanced light than previous maintains idea behind Notor is that you can create longer lines of light. 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A bracket enables the user to the diso by up to and rotato by At the other end of the is available in diameters of 67 97 and and is equipped with a set of T16 Because of its recessed this luminaire appears an sphere on the Light nv 2 the member of the B-8560 +32 56 735 with neutral Fax: and efficiency of A BRAND FROM AkzoNobelLow-carbon buildings are all about people Judit Kimpian is Director of Sustainable Architec- ture and Research at the architectural practice Aedas in London. She has specialised in using computational techniques to maximise the sustain- Interview with Judit Kimpian able value of buildings. Together with the RIBA, and a number of other partners, she set up an online platform for the tion industry to reduce the gap between forecast and actual emissions of buildings. of the energy regulated and The energy for of the energy consumption and Aldridge Community by education for that the actual energy published on the ener- by factor of Keynsham Town by this the design and construction a for the with a number of other engineers Do you perceive a growing among professionals that a do not correspond to the way which a building is actually With Keynsham Town for the first time, have to comply and organisations, you have initiated an of focus towards actual energy consumption buildings is used. They also ignore other significant areas of such as with a contractually target for operational energy This form that publishes the actual energy consumption figures of build- needed? commissioning or building in the absence of project is going beyond compliance calculations from the start ings in the What is the of this project? There are a number of interesting developments going on in this these compliance figures provide the only as are targeting a Display Energy Certificate (DEC) rating of When started CarbonBuzz in our purpose was to allow Initially we considered the to be targeted main- against which operational consumption can be But This certificate is issued annually for public buildings and architects and engineers to collaborate on recording and man- at architects and engineers. However, the UK Technology the difference between these and actual energy bills to be measures actual operational energy aging the energy consumption of buildings To reduce the Strategy Board is currently supporting us to broaden the reach immense, which is really a scandal when you begin to calculate To achieve we study how the client is using their existing actual emissions of buildings such benchmarking is criti- of to engage all professionals in the industry and this in maintenance cost building and carry out a full energy prediction based on the yet from experience at and elsewhere, this was change the way in which operational energy use in buildings is What is even more surprising than the gap is that few information we gathered. The engineers, Max have not an easy task. We therefore aimed to set up a system that al- addressed. This is also being helped by greater focus by clients require more realistic energy use predictions accompa- cluded in their the occupancy the actual lows all built environment professionals to how well their where some government bodies are beginning to see nied by elaborate risk assessments to inform them and future number of PCs that are going to be installed in the building as project is doing compared to others. was also important to be the associated The Carbon Trust has also released their occupants of the proportional impact of these on actual energy well as all the special equipment that is otherwise out of the able compare energy figures regardless of the part of the report into the the difference between There - clearly à lack of awareness about even though The client was informed that their choice of IT building they were involved with design, op- expectations and when comes to energy energy performance and carbon emissions should be on every- infrastructure would have a major bearing on the energy perfor- eration, which was not possible at the one's radar today. mance of the building and the risks associated with commission- from the website alowed us to Who tends to be more forthcoming when comes to ing and building As a facilities managers gather important evidence to a campaign for more the actual energy use of their buildings: architects or engineers? in what kind of buldings did you observe the largest performance have been involved much in the building design than in bust regulation that helps the industry go beyond As I architects are more than en and why? other projects. and operational energy use for gineers in this respect also because most of the energy issues the sample we looked at, intensively used buildings with long So we found that there is a way to build a baseline, in buildings relate to problems with the mechanical services, hours of operation, large amounts of electrical equipment and against which actual performance can be particularly What gave you the assurance that people would actually and only in few cases to the building fabric. The performance of elaborate mechanical ventilation systems have significant with a client who is also the end-user of a building. and willing to disclose the energy use of their buildings? the building fabric is already highly regulated and relatively easy formance Another major factor that drives energy con- projects, where may not have access to this When started to share my concerns with in other to ascertain during construction whereas the problems with at least in many of the buildings we have is it possible to do a sensitivity analysis which indicates the everyone said: really Please do many to overly complex services and poor com- the poor commissioning of Building Management Systems or scale of the potential This way, developers can We will be happy to participate." So when the platform eventual- missioning and aspects of building servic- elaborate low Sometimes seemingly small the potential impact of different occupiers on energy by online in 2008, had nine project partners, including os are not well regulated and responsibility for them during con- things can trip up a building's energy use, such the BMS get- mance and are more to end up with more resilient build- the Aedas and Bradley Studi- struction, handover and operation tends to be ting commissioned before the ground source result- ing that withstands the test of time. os, and eight piloting partners who had submitted projects, ing in the GSHP contributing to the building's heat supply by including offices such as The vast majority of projects published on CarbonBuzz so less than 2% rather than the planned What have you made from working on Keynsham Town Sheppard Robson and the Building Design Partnership. play a significant performance between calculated and meas- so energy Did this as a surprise to you? in the UK, as in most the energy calculations The project hugely for us, because does change the range of participants grown over time? The is often quite significant. Educational for in the Regulations the appliance which the way in which the design team sharos data and We started with the 17 organisations I mentioned and had some consume on average twice as much not constitute significant portion of the overal energy use in any also appears to do away with a lot of the paperwork required 30 projects online in 2008. in the the database has than design stage compliance calculations would Should and can be changed in future? grown to over 300 projects, and has more than 600 registered However, based on the research we have the differ- The so-called energy use is indeed a debat- practices and organisations using the platform. This is clearly a ence is not surprising. Compliance calculations do not include ed topic in the UK. am saying because the other risk significant but would to see another growth any special equipment, such as and factors I mentioned are also unregulated. Most engineers will in the next three years. are based on occupancy and operating hours, which often agree that they do not have control over what building pants do and therefore they can only focus on compliance. Total energy buildings dictions become too risky as they have little control over what occupants might do or even over the delivery of the build- in particular under design and build As we would probably want to dispute One of the pur- poses of Carbon Buzz is to put more data in the public domain to be to study what these unregulated energy uses really add up to different building You are currently working on project for a town in Design Appliances & Special where unregulated energy uses are taken into energy use as equipment server management account design stage you more aboutabout people 2012 2012 Loxford School Type of energy Breakdown of typical School of Science and by Developed Design business costs in with range of of ground source vertical Cooling cost and good access to currently part of Lighting the Technology Strategy Building Performance Evaluation and 5 energy use of published occupant maintenance and Energy certificate (EPC) and Energy Certificate of D 50 As with Carbon the difference Actual 1% and energy consumption significant, this case, security an EPO and a DEC services The of business costs The importance of and the costs of and services only account for 4% of the the maintenance and occupants amount 12 25 Benchmark Schools and publo 50.5 5 to achieve green building ratings, such as BREEAM or energy use and building management being the main The most significant risk regarding operational energy use by far Were there with air quality in the education that which often do not deliver low carbon operation in If we Out-of-hour use, intensive occupancy and operating is the complexity of the as well as their handover and you evaluated? achieve the energy in the first three years of operation building management, appliances and IT loads are all defining commissioning. in the education sector to have We have carried out measurements in the schools we are with our approach we will have evidence that common-sense None of this is taken into account in compliance calcula- perience of relatively simple where the caretaker only studying and the CO, levels were largely acceptable. the low-cost approach can work. Where there is a there may be do they the calculations for Energy Perfor- needs to look after a and relatively simple urally important that teachers remember mance Certificates The EPCs may have had an effect on When moving to a new the school may be faced to open the windows to the cross-ventiation How improving the performance of the building and to some with a complicated building management system, automated this problem arose in one classroom out of 50. did not You mentioned the Energy Certificates which extent of the building services. However they do not cover half openings and a ground source heat pump and many oth- appear to be a major are mandatory only for public buildings in the UK. Should they the story in my view and the figures collecting in complicated These require a facilities management mechanically ventilated buildings, maintenance of out to commercial as well? bonBuzz certainly support routine that most schools are unprepared for, and simply do not the system, such as infrequent change, can result in The Government was going to them mandatory for have the expertise to procure and To the most poorer air quality and higher energy commercial buildings however under the new government this Why the unregulated loads out of the portant lesson was understanding how much is in plan was eventually scrapped. Personally, would to although the Government originally wanted to include them? life terms to operate these This The Landings approach, whereby designers and contractors DECs on all non-domestic buildings above believe There too awareness of the scale of this and is really a major pay more attention to and stay involved in a that the only way to achieve significant energy reductions in the insufficient expertise industry-wide to address Energy end- building used by teachers and project beyond practical receiving increasing non-domestic building stock is by sharing data in the public do- use benchmarks for all building types would certainly help are significant is no use providing sensors in the UK. your with Soft Landings main and making consumption really Professional bod- move some of the This is a relatively new area of no- and switches that no one in terms of the building We have been members of the Landings Group at such as the Royal of Chartered More evidence is needed to prove that targeting airtightness is often an issue. At we are keen on for a more than half a year so Landings veyors as well as organisations the UK Green Building tional energy use is possible, that works and saves designing buildings to be more airtight than regulations require. new to us at We have yet to complete Town Council are the government to out Display Energy as well as so that the government confident to But our studies demonstrate that people often leave the windows Hall, where it is client driven and incorporated from start to Certificates for the entire non-domestic stock. Even the current mandate and doors open the Thus the effort we have put into ish. We are implementing later stages in the projects that administration is not pursuing this energetically we achieving good airtightness proves to be unless these are currently monitoring part of the TSB funding In hope there will be more action on this in the future and other Thorough monitoring of actual energy consumption also a cost openings are designed with the users our the effectiveness of Soft Landings does vary countries will follow suit. What your experience on how the cost compares po- from one project to to be best when Soft achievable savings? Where do you solutions to these issues? Landings is not as an add-on but embedded into the The Government's definition of standard that some of the buildings we looked the savings can Some interesting lessons can be drawn from older school build- overall design and delivery process. of homes have to achieve as of will not after in- be as high as For a large building this can amount to ings, which tend to have taller floor-to heights than modern clude unregulated Do you consider this a missed chance? a sum shaved off energy bills every year. buildings schools. These buildings have no requirement for summertime Landings, Carbon Buz and just cannot see how we will meet the legal reduction that perform very much to expectations, the savings are cooling which means that complicated cooling systems do not now mentioned in the Green to the RIBA Plan of targets without in the majority of ously However, the experience is that in these buildings need to be installed. Fresh air provision in remains a Work What effects do you expect this have in the bon emissions relate to unregulated energy uses with electrical automatic monitoring tends to work, therefore takes less time We are currently working on two Passivhaus schools This is very important because most construction projects in the and to gather the in which will have heat in winter- UK use the RIBA Plan of Work as for setting out work This normally means that a building management system stages and relating scopes of work. There is a debate the mo- Who currently paying for building performance evaluation in the will be installed which we see as a risk for education ment on whether the Government should adopt Soft Landings on UK and who should be paying in the future? We are working with our engineers to design these possi- all future public - this would give the Many of the evaluations have undertaken at Aedas 50 bie and keep extremely simple. movement an have funded by the UK's Technology Strategy some cases, we have covered the cost or have per- From your experience do you a You come from a background of computational design. Has your suaded clients or contractors to do Compared to the good energy performance and high user experience with post-occupancy evaluation changed your attitude cost of which for large non-domestic tends The number buildings we have studied far not to computer-aided simulations and to their relability? to run in the of milions, the cost of an evaluation is rather y cannot draw any conclusion on How You could say that I 10-15 years of my career doing significant. this should be made part of the ever, in our evaluations for we have certainly seen correla- puter modelling and calculations of buildings and climate only to 4116 work for the project as described in the Soll Landings pro- buildings where the energy consumption was much realise that low-carbon buildings are really all about gramme developed by the Usable Buildings Trust and operated than expected. staff were frequently complaining about There is a huge opportunity for the industry to revolutionise by loss of productivity and other in the buildings building design drawing inspiration from the interaction of that performed closer to expectation, the rates pie and My hunch is that by making feedback is currently taking part in an evaluation funded ed to be higher. So the evidence does show a we would also end up with more resilent and lasting by the Technology Strategy Board, in which the performance of between higher energy use and greater discomfort and It is how much complex simulation need to of your educational buildings being What have we this because the are not managed or su- out just to in reality, the common you from this on what works in schools and what pervised enough to be to occupant's needs. features matter most.2012 2012 Green DETAIL Green Construction published twice a year May and Published für Prices VAT DETAIL Green subscription & May and 80335 Germany Single DETAIL plus postage PO Subscription DETAIL Germany year DETAIL Green Managing for students Andre for students use student be provided to Page Page 30 Page Page student above) Research institute in Wageningen Supermarket - Office building in Sydney Multi family residence Vienna Tel: 20-57 Subscription Combined The 1200 Austria Client Sabine DETAIL English, Hend Holding DET DEXUS Property Property for students LOVE and Thomas for students Construction students Project Weesely and on North Sydney Michael de renewed they concelled Building systems to the of the respective period Energy Die Facade engineering & Distributed in the Sydney physics and by DETAIL DHL Amhem Weber Project management Gerhard Amerongen services The publishers no for Karja manuscripts and Construction management No part of DETAIL may be reprinted without Glass AGERES mission the No can be given for the BOOT Lighting Tel: of the published Lighting Lighting design Reinhard Eder Sydney HV & consultant design 10 Landring Paul Cooling Services Carrier Bau English Electrical Point a Production Germany Peter Green Andrea No can for resulting from OF Energie The Beach where caused by on the Subscription contact the for otherwise Subscription service für and changes of Photo for which no given were either provided by the respective or Limited or taken the DETAIL Germany ATEC Business information General Page Page 13 and Page Page internationale Page and Page Page Page 54 and London Coburg and Maketing 100% of ATEC Business information Page 5 Page Page Page Christian London Derin Langert Page Page Page 42 and bottom Page 56 The of DETAIL Green protected and by Tel: Page Page top Page 47 43 Page 57 Any of in whole in part Delivery - within Page Page 21 Page 47 Page the of and Christian to of these Wach conditions will subject defined Page Page 54 too Tel: by copyright Page 11: Page representative advertising Page 52 top top Group Media ATEC Page 12. Page Kemp Tel: 21this is recycled GARDEN CAFÉ recycled This is concrete City of Westminster College used 50% ground granulated blast furnace slag (GGBS) in its concrete mix. GGBS is a recycled waste product that can be used as a cement replacement. The result is a stunning visual and sustainable structure providing a this is comfortable environment for generations of students. This is worth talking about. concrete www.thisisconcrete.co.uk twitter: @thisisconcrete This is Concrete is supported by The Concrete Centre (mpa The Concrete Centre