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22 Chemistry of the Nonmetals Solutions to Exercises (b) The smaller, more electronegative nitrogen withdraws more electron density from the O-H bond, making it more polar and more likely to ionize. (c) Phosphate rock consists of Ca₃(PO₄)₂, which is only slightly soluble in water. The phosphorus is unavailable for plant use. (d) N₂ can form stable π bonds to complete the octet of both N atoms. Because phosphorus atoms are larger than nitrogen atoms, they do not form stable π bonds with themselves and must form σ bonds with several other phosphorus atoms (producing P₄ tetrahedral or chain structures) to complete their octets. (e) In solution is completely dissociated into and the conjugate base of the very weak acid has a Kb of 2.4 10⁻² and produces a considerable amount of OH- by hydrolysis of 22.63 Analyze/Plan. Use information on the descriptive chemistry of phosphorus given in Section 22.8 to complete and balance the equations. Solve. (a) (b) + (aq) + 3HBr(aq) (c) (g) + 6H₂(g) P₄ (g) + 12HBr(g) 22.64 (a) + (aq) + 5HCl(aq) (b) 2H₃PO₄(aq) (c) P₄O₁₀(s) + 4H₃PO₄(aq) Carbon, the Other Group 4A Elements, and Boron (sections 22.9-22.11) 22.65 Analyze/Plan. Review the nomenclature rules and ion names in Section 2.8. Solve. (a) HCN (b) Ni(CO)₄ (c) Ba(HCO₃)₂ (d) CaC₂ (e) 22.66 (a) (b) NaCN (c) (d) C₂H₂ (f) Fe(CO)₅ 22.67 Analyze/Plan. Use information on the descriptive chemistry of carbon given in Section 22.9 to complete and balance the equations. Solve. (a) ZnCO₃(s) (b) BaC₂(s) + Ba²⁺(aq) + + C₂H₂(g) (c) 2C₂H₂(g) + + 2H₂O(g) (d) + (e) Ca(CN)₂(s) + 2HBr(aq) 22.68 (a) CO₂(g) + OH⁻(aq) HCO₃⁻(aq) (b) NaHCO₃(s) + (c) 2CaO(s)+5C(s) (d) C(s)+H₂O(g) (e) CuO(s) + CO(g) Cu(s) 681