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AutoForm Proprietary – Confidential Process Engineering AutoForm R11 Update Training AutoForm Proprietary – Confidential 2 This document is only handed out to and may be viewed and used only by licensed AutoForm customers. Upon termination of the AutoForm Software License & Maintenance Agreement, this document must be returned to AutoForm Engineering GmbH immediately after the termination date. This document contains AutoForm confidential information. The use of all information in this document is subject to the terms of the AutoForm Software License & Maintenance Agreement and may be used only within the scope of the AutoForm Software License & Maintenance Agreement. This document and the information contained therein may not be reproduced, shown, made available, transmitted, disclosed or communicated in any manner to any third parties. 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AutoForm Proprietary – Confidential 3 Update Training – Process Engineering Chapter 1 – Simulation Setup • Two parts simulation setup • Gui improvements • Improvements on measurement tools • Aerial Cams • New Operation Setups • Measurement scenarios setup Chapter 2 – Elastic Tool Deflection Study • Benefits and Definition of Elastic Tool Deflection • Solid Tool preparation and ETD simulation setup Chapter 3 – Multi-Blank • Combine two different works on two separate parts • Analyze of the combined effect of using these tools together on the Press Table Chapter 4 – Thermal Effects • Combine two different works on two separate parts • Analyze of the combined effect of using these tools together on the Press Table Contents Chapter 5 – Multi-Sheet Analysis • Study of Formcheck on Multi-Sheet. • Spring back analysis of multiple parts. Chapter 6 – Die Face Quality Design • DieDesigner plus first steps • Introduction of AutoForm SMART Design Workflow • Concept Geometry Generation AutoForm Proprietary – Confidential Chapter 1 Simulation Setup Update Training Process Engineering AutoForm R11 AutoForm Proprietary – Confidential 5 Chapter 1 • Task and Learning Targets • Simulation Setup • Main Focus • Two parts simulation setup • Gui improvements • Improvements on measurement tools • Aerial Cams • New Operation Setups • Measurement scenarios setup Objectives AutoForm Proprietary – Confidential 6 Chapter 1 • Material • DX56D+Z • Minimal tensile strength 311.3 MPa (N/mm²) • Sheet thickness: 1.00 mm Hood Inner 1483 mm 1 6 6 3 m m DX56D 1.00 mm AutoForm Proprietary – Confidential 7 Chapter 1 • Material • DX56D+Z • Minimal tensile strength 311.3 MPa (N/mm²) • Sheet thickness: 1.00 mm Small Part 100 mm 1 1 3 m m DX56D 1.00 mm AutoForm Proprietary – Confidential 8 Chapter 1 Hood Inner – Process plan Information D-20 Single action draw T-30 Segmented outer trim T-40 Piercings in working direction Segmented outer trim AutoForm Proprietary – Confidential 9 Chapter 1 Hood Inner – Process plan Information F-50 Secondary Forming Extruded Holes AutoForm Proprietary – Confidential 10 General There are new features on context menus. • Go to… (1) Using the Go to option, by clicking with RMB in a curve you can go directly to the page where this curve was generated. • Edit… (2) If the user is already on the page where the curve was generated, and clicks with RMB on curve, a pop-up will appear giving the user the option to Edit the curve. • Hide Symmetry plane (3) The option Hide Symmetry Plane appears when the user clicks with the RMB over the plane on GUI. Context Menus Essentials 1 2 3 Context Menus New AutoForm Proprietary – Confidential 11 3D View • If the anchor point is visible, it's displayed as a white point. • If the anchor point is hidden, it's displayed as a semi-transparent white dot. • Label is Color Coded depending on the reference color. Label Visibility Essentials UT – R11 AutoForm Proprietary – Confidential 12 Instead of starting with just one part, we will produce two distinct products together. 1. Click on new design 2. Click on part import 3. Select : • SmallPart_Surface_V2.igs • AF_Hood_inner.igs 4. Confirm the thickness direction The hood inner is positioned on the car positioning . The small part is positioned on the equipment orientation. We need to modify to put them together This is the second release of the product Small Surface. To check the usability of the new feature Geometry Comparisson, import the first release of the part: Part Stage Import Part Geometry Exercise 1 1 Import 2 3 4 UT – R11 AutoForm Proprietary – Confidential 13 1. Click on Import Part… 2. Select : SmallPart_Surface_V1.igs 3. On Application Toolbar click on Geometry Comparison 4. Define the Measured and Reference Parts Once selected both the Measured and the Reference geometry in the Geometry Comparison dialog, the functionality offers the possibility to analyze the following deviations on the displayed Measured geometry. • Nearest Distance • Angle Deviation • Boundary Deviation 5. Check the deviations 6. Delete the “SmallPart_Surface_V1” Part Stage Import Part Geometry Exercise 1 Import Angle Deviation Nearest Distance Boundary Deviation 1 2 3 4 5 UT – R11 AutoForm Proprietary – Confidential 14 Application Toolbar The Major and Minor Curvature functions have been improved. Now, both Major and Minor Curvature analyses, offer as output result, in addition to the curvature value, also the value of the corresponding radius. To define the limits of the color scale, both the curvature value or the formula 1/radius are accepted (e.g. to define as limit of the color scale a radius equal to 5, it will be possible to enter the formula 1/5 or the resulting curvature value equal to 0.2). Major and Minor Curvature analyses Essentials New Application Toolbar UT – R11 AutoForm Proprietary – Confidential 15 Application Toolbar There are new options on measurement field: • World Measurement • Screen Measurement • Curve Measurement enhance • Principle Radii New Measuring Options Essentials New Application Toolbar AutoForm Forming R10 AutoForm Forming R11 UT – R11 AutoForm Proprietary – Confidential 16 Application Toolbar It is a Combination of the 3D Measurement and the Vector Measurement The Vector components can be shown by clicking on the coordinate system symbol (1) World Measurement Essentials Application Toolbar AutoForm Forming R10 AutoForm Forming R11 1New UT – R11 AutoForm Proprietary – Confidential 17 Application Toolbar It is a Combination of the 2D Measurement and the Vector Measurement The Vector components can be shown by clicking on the coordinate system symbol (1) Screen Measurement Essentials Application Toolbar New AutoForm Forming R10 AutoForm Forming R11 1 1 UT – R11 AutoForm Proprietary – Confidential 18 Application Toolbar The curve can be now projected in X, Y or Z direction The most suitable projection direction is determined automatically The projection direction can be switched by releasing and pressing again the Alt key Curve Measurement Essentials AutoForm Forming R11AutoForm Forming R10 Application Toolbar New UT – R11 AutoForm Proprietary – Confidential 19 Application– Measurement Scenarios Slide 71: Essentials – Measurement Scenarios Slide 72: Essentials – Measurement Scenarios Slide 73: Essentials – Measurement Scenarios Slide 74: Measurement Slide 75: Measurement Slide 76: Measurement Slide 77: Simulation Slide 78: Evaluation Slide 79: Process Stage Slide 80: Autoform Sigma Slide 81: Autoform Sigma Slide 82: Autoform Sigma Slide 83: Evaluation Slide 84: Genral Slide 85: Chapter 2 Elastic Tool Deflection (ETD) Slide 86: Chapter 2 Slide 87: Essentials - Motivation Slide 88: Essentials - Elastic tool deflection Slide 89: Essentials - Elastic tool deflection Slide 90: Elastic Tool Deflection Slide 91: Tool Solid Slide 92: Solid Tool Preparation - Punch Slide 93: Elastic Tool Deflection Slide 94: Solid Tool Preparation - Punch Slide 95: Solid Tool Preparation - Punch Slide 96: Elastic tool deflection Slide 97: Elastic tool deflection Slide 98: Elastic tool deflection Slide 99: Essentials - Elastic tool deflection Slide 100: Solid Tool Preparation - Punch Slide 101: Chapter 2 - Tool Preparation Slide 102: Solid Tool Preparation - Die Slide 103: Solid Tool Preparation - Die Slide 104: Solid Tool Preparation - Die Slide 105: Chapter 2 - Tool Preparation Slide 106: Elastic Tool Deflection Slide 107: Elastic Tool Deflection Slide 108: Elastic Tool Deflection Slide 109: Essentials - Overcrowning Slide 110: Essentials - Overcrowning Slide 111: Essentials - Overcrowning Slide 112: Essentials - Overcrowning Slide 113: Overcrowning Slide 114: Overcrowning Slide 115: Overcrowning Slide 116: Essentials - Overcrowning Slide 117: Chapter 3 Multi Blank Slide 118: Chapter 3 Slide 119: Advanced Max. Failure Slide 120: Chapter 3 Slide 121: Chapter 3 Slide 122: Chapter 3 Slide 123: Advanced Max. Failure Slide 124: Evaluation Slide 125: Getting started Slide 126: Getting started Slide 127: Process Setup Slide 128: Process Setup Slide 129: Process Setup Slide 130: Process Setup Slide 131: Process Setup Slide 132: Process Setup Slide 133: Advanced Max. Failure Slide 134: Chapter 3 Slide 135: Chapter 4 Thermal Effects Slide 136: Chapter 4 Slide 137: Essentials - Motivation Slide 138: Essentials - Motivation Slide 139: Essentials - Smart Ramp Up Slide 140: Essentials - Cold Forming with Temperature Effects Slide 141: Essentials - Cold Forming with Temperature Effects Slide 142: Preliminary Steps Slide 143: Essentials - Cold Forming with Temperature Effects Slide 144: PL Thermal Slide 145: Cold forming with temperature effects Slide 146: PL Thermal Slide 147: Cold forming with temperature effects Slide 148: Thermal Results Slide 149: Thermal Results Slide 150: Thermal Results Slide 151: Thermal Results Slide 152: Formability Slide 153: Robustness Slide 154: Essentials - Cold Forming with Temperature Effects Slide 155: Chapter 5 Multi Sheet Slide 156: Chapter 5 Slide 157: Multi Sheet Slide 158: Multi Sheet Slide 159: Multi Sheet Slide 160: Multi Sheet Slide 161: Multi Sheet Slide 162: Multi Sheet Slide 163: Charpter 5 – Multi sheet Slide 164: Charpter 5 – Multi sheet Slide 165: Multi Sheet Slide 166: Postprocessing Slide 167: Chapter 6 Die Face Quality Design Slide 168: Chapter 6 Slide 169: Exercise 6 Slide 170: Exercise 6 Slide 171: Exercise 6 Slide 172: Die Face Quality Design Slide 173: Die Face Quality Design Slide 174: Die Face Quality Design Slide 175: Die Face Quality Design Slide 176: Die Face Quality Design Slide 177: Die Face Quality Design Slide 178: Die Face Quality Design Slide 179: Die Face Quality Design Slide 180: Die Face Quality Design Slide 181: Die Face Quality Design Slide 182: Die Face Quality Design Slide 183: Die Face Quality Design Slide 184: Die Face Quality Design Slide 185: Die Face Quality Design Slide 186: Die Face Quality Design Slide 187: Die Face Quality Design Slide 188: Die Face Quality Design Slide 189: Die Face Quality Design Slide 190: Die Face Quality Design Slide 191: Exercise 6 Slide 192Toolbar • It's listed at the bottom of the menu, separated from the other tools since its handling is slightly different (Alt + click). • Major and minor curvatures at a clicked point are calculated to a radii values which are just the inverse of the principal curvatures. • In the label the top value refers to the major curvature as radius value • and the one on the bottom refers to the minor curvature as radius value • The arcs visualize the curvature directions as well as their radii. Principle Radii Essentials Application Toolbar New UT – R11 AutoForm Proprietary – Confidential 20 Application Toolbar During the measurement, potential snap points are displayed as small circles (1). They are also available during the measurement in dynamic section (2). Is it possible to activate or deactivate this function on AutoForm Preferences (3). Snapping points Essentials Application Toolbar New 1 2 2 UT – R11 AutoForm Proprietary – Confidential 21 Application Toolbar Hovering and Moving If hovered over an endpoint, the endpoint size increases. When clicking and moving only the endpoint moves. (1) If hovered over the line in between, the complete measurement gets thicker. When clicking and moving the complete measurement moves. (2) Measurement Editing Essentials 2 1 New Application Toolbar UT – R11 AutoForm Proprietary – Confidential 22 1. Click on Automatic Tipping. 2. Set the tipping definition for Hood Inner 3. Set the tipping definition for Small Part The most important thing in the tipping is to positioned the small part in the middle of the Hood-Inner(as shown in the figure) and at the same height. Part Stage Tip Exercise 1 1 Tip 2 3 UT – R11 AutoForm Proprietary – Confidential 23 1. Go Back to Import page and define a Symmetry plane Part Stage Symmetry Plane Exercise 1 1 Import 2 UT – R11 AutoForm Proprietary – Confidential 24 1. Click on Add Material. 2. Select the DX56D+Z Material card. 3. Confirm the 1.0 mm Thickness by clicking on OK. Part Stage Define Blank Material Exercise 1 1 Material 2 3 UT – R11 AutoForm Proprietary – Confidential 26 Material Card Joining Class is a text field used in AF-Assembly for filtering. This cannot be stored in the ASCII file. Density can now be entered in place of Specific Weight. In the material card only Specific Weight can be stored. Specific Heat Capacity can now be entered in place of Volumetric Heat Capacity. In the material card only Volumetric Heat Capacity can be stored. Lubrication & Fromability File are now mandatory entries when generating a new material card. This is intended to get Users to think about the importance of these files when creating a card and to ultimately stop incorrect formability plots. This is not enforced on cards that have already been created. New Concept Essentials Material New UT – R11 AutoForm Proprietary – Confidential 27 1. Click on Create Empty Plan. 2. Create the production Line as shown on image beside. 3. Skip the operations from T-30. Plan Stage Getting Started Exercise 1 1 2 3 UT – R11 AutoForm Proprietary – Confidential 28 1. Define the Process Units as shown beside. Defining the process units Process units Exercise 1 Production UT – R11 AutoForm Proprietary – Confidential 29 1. Define the segmentation for the outer trim. Trim Plan Trim Segments Exercise 1 Plan UT – R11 AutoForm Proprietary – Confidential 30 1. Define the segmentation for the large holes 2. Set the correct cutting angle Trim Plan Trim Segments Exercise 1 Plan 1 2 UT – R11 AutoForm Proprietary – Confidential 31 Plan Stage Edit Direction Exercise 1 Plan To avoid problems with backdraft on flange region, change the F-50 tipping: 1. On directions, click on F-50. 2. Define the tipping of 0.00° on “Y”. 3 1 2 UT – R11 AutoForm Proprietary – Confidential 32 1. Activate Die Face to generate forming geometries. Generation of Forming Geometries Activation of Die Face Stage Exercise 1 1 UT – R11 AutoForm Proprietary – Confidential 33 1. On “F-50” stage go to “Form” page 2. For both extruded holes define the following settings • Type: Wiper Flange • Radius: 3.00mm • Height: 20.00mm • Width: 20.0mm 3. Click on Apply Tool Creation in F-50 Wiper Flange Definition Exercise 1 FormF-50 1 2 3 UT – R11 AutoForm Proprietary – Confidential 34 To connect the two parts, we have two options: 1. The user can choose to connect them on the modify page , using “Double Fill” and “fill holes”. 2. Or the user can connect them using two addendums. The user can decide which one to use. In this example we will use the second option. Drawing Tool Preparation Connecting the two parts Exercise 1 ModifyD-20 1 2 UT – R11 AutoForm Proprietary – Confidential 35 1. Click on “Fill Multiple Holes” 2. Click on “+” symbol. 3. Select the “Part Hole 3” 4. Click on Apply Part Geometry Preparation Fill Multiple Holes Exercise 1 ModifyD-20 1 Detail : modification is planned in this corner 2 3 4 UT – R11 AutoForm Proprietary – Confidential 36 Use the outer fill module to prepare the part geometry for the addendum generation. 1. Add the module Outer Fill – Manual. 2. Select the two boundaries of the corner. 3. Click on OK & Next. 4. Select the two boundaries of the other corner. 5. Click on Ok. 6. Apply. Part Geometry Preparation Outer Fill Exercise 1 ModifyD-20 1 2 3 5 4 UT – R11 AutoForm Proprietary – Confidential 37 Follow the next steps to create the extension with the desired shape. 1. Click on add “Tangential Extension”. 2. Select the Part Boundary of the Small Part. 3. Click on “Ok”. 4. Select the “Variable” . 5. Click on Add Segments. 6. Select the segments as shown on image. 7. Click on OK. 8. Define the width of 20.00 mm. 9. Click on Apply. Part Geometry Preparation Extension Generation Exercise 1 ModifyD-20 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 UT – R11 AutoForm Proprietary – Confidential 38 1. Create an Automatic binder surface. 2. Click on Add Curve. 3. Select the Hood inner boundary and Click on “OK”. 4. Define the weight of “0.60”. 5. Click on apply. Binder Generation Profile Binder Exercise 1 BinderD-20 1 2 3 4 5 1 UT – R11 AutoForm Proprietary – Confidential 39 1. Click on “plus” symbol. 2. Select the “part Hole 3”. 3. Click on “OK”. 4. Click on “Automatic”. 5. Click on Add curve. 6. Select the “part Hole 3”. 7. Deactivate the option “Single curved”. 8. Define the weight of “1.00”. 9. Click on Apply. Binder Generation Creation of the second Binder Exercise 1 BinderD-20 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 UT – R11 AutoForm Proprietary – Confidential 40 Now it’s time for the addendum. At this point, the user must create 3 addendums: 1. The first one to connect the edge of the Hood inner to the Binder 1. 2. The second one to connect the Small Part to Binder 2 3. And the third one to connect Binder 2 to Part Hole 3 Ask the user to use addendum and second modify to create a good shape of draw die. Addendum Generation Addendum on Form Region Exercise 1 AddendumD-20 1 2 3 UT – R11 AutoForm Proprietary – Confidential 41 Die Face Stage The trim options for curves defined in all Trim modules have been renamed to Split Only, Keep Outer and Keep Inner for closed curves […] Trim Modification Esssentials Forming R10 Forming R11 Modify UT – R11 AutoForm Proprietary – Confidential 42 Die Face Stage […] and to Split Only, Keep Larger and Keep Smaller for open curves that completely cross the boundary of the geometry to be trimmed. Trim Modification Esssentials Forming R10 Forming R11 Modify UT – R11 AutoForm Proprietary – Confidential 43 Die Face Stage The Forming R11 version allows the definition of multiple profiles for the geometry generation of the Modify>Add Gainer module. Once the module has been defined, it is possible to create a multi-profile Gainerby defining points along the defined base curve. Select the Edit (1) button, at the bottom of the Profile Parameters list to invoke the Edit Gainer Parameters dialog and perform the following actions: • Add Point: Mouse button Ctrl+Click on the base line (2) • Delete Point: Select the point and press the Del key • Move Point: Drag and drop the point in the 3D view with the mouse button. Gainer Improvements Esssentials Modify 1 2 UT – R11 AutoForm Proprietary – Confidential 44 1. On Trimcheck page, click on Add Trimcheck. 2. Click on Apply Trimcheck Analysis Add Trimcheck Exercise 1 TrimchkD-20 1 2 UT – R11 AutoForm Proprietary – Confidential 45 1. Click on Add Formcheck. 2. Click on Apply. The Formcheck blank line will be used as reference on Blank Stage. With the measuring tools, check the length of the blank. Formcheck Analysis Check Feasibility and Estimate Minimal Blank Size Exercise 1 FormchkD-20 1 2 UT – R11 AutoForm Proprietary – Confidential 46 1. Click on Create Flat Blank big button. 2. Select the option Copy From… for blank outline. 3. Select Blank Outline – Formchk DieFace and 4. Click on OK. Blank Creation Blank Outline Exercise 1 Outline 1 2 3 4 UT – R11 AutoForm Proprietary – Confidential 47 Blank Creation Embed/Nest Exercise 1 Outline 1 2 3 4 1. Click on Embedding and Nesting on Coil. 2. Click on the parameters window. 3. Select None. 4. Select the option “Rectangle: Stepped”. 5. Click on the Variants for Embedding and Nesting. 5 UT – R11 AutoForm Proprietary – Confidential 48 Process Stage In the new version of the R11 software, there is a new subdivision of the Process stage pages. New pages segmentation Esssentials Forming R10 Forming R11 UT – R11 AutoForm Proprietary – Confidential 49 On PL page on Process Stage there are two options for which type of friction model to use. When you choose the TriboForm Friction a tribology data set is loaded from the lubrication file. Tribology data sets can be generated using the TriboForm Analyzer and describe the friction and lubrication conditions for specific combinations of sheet material, tooling material and lubricants applied in sheet metal forming. For this example use the TriboForm friction model 1. On PL page select the TriboForm Friction Model 2. On Lubrification condition choose the option TF – Mild Steel (EG Coated) Friction setting TribForm plugin Exercise 1 LubePL 1 2 UT – R11 AutoForm Proprietary – Confidential 50 Process Stage • Are driven by the ram. • Can change their direction during moving. • By default all added cams are conventional cams, to turn it into an aerial cam, it has to be moved to the ram by drag-and-drop. Limitation: • Only rigid tools are allowed • Only ram driven Aerial Cam Essentials New UT – R11 AutoForm Proprietary – Confidential 51 Process Stage Reorganized options: • Start: • Rigid Body Transformation • Locating/Gravity • End: • Sheet Separation • Tool Opening • Free Springback • Misc: • Cutting Mode • Scaling of Tools • Bending Line Operation Setup Essentials Forming R10 Forming R11 New UT – R11 AutoForm Proprietary – Confidential 52 1. On D-20 setup, go to End and select the option “Free Springback at End of Operation” Operation Setup Free Springback at End of Operation Exercise 1 SetupD-20 1 UT – R11 AutoForm Proprietary – Confidential 53 1. On D-20 setup, go to Misc and select the option “Perform Scaling – For All tools of this operation” Operation Setup Perform Scaling Exercise 1 SetupD-20 1 UT – R11 AutoForm Proprietary – Confidential 54 Before Defining the binder force. Make sure the tools surfaces are well defined. On Binder, Define the force of 2500kN on option Constant Force(1)(2). Tool Setting Binder Force Exercise 1 ToolsD-20 1 2 Drawing Tools UT – R11 AutoForm Proprietary – Confidential 55 Application Toolbar • The visibility of all arrows display items can be switched on (1) or off (2). • It is always available; the state will be kept on all stages and pages. • The button in Geometry/Items was removed. Show/Hide All Directions Essentials 2 1 Application Toolbar New UT – R11 AutoForm Proprietary – Confidential 56 The drawbead will be created as Profile Based 3D & Adaptive Line Bead. 1. Select the Profile Based 3D Bead model. 2. Choose Copy From… option for drawbead curve. 3. Pick the Die Entry Curve of the first Addendum. 4. Edit the curve. 5. On Modification, expand the curve by “20.00 mm”. 6. Select round as profile type. Process Setup Drawbead Generation Exercise 1 BeadsD-20 1 2 3 4 5 6 UT – R11 AutoForm Proprietary – Confidential 57 Definition of a Reduction Strategy Create the reduction strategy for the drawbead. 1. Click on Define the Reduction Strategy. 2. Add a Parameter, choose bead height. 3. From 5mm to 0mm. 4. Click on Ok. Setting Reduction Strategy Exercise 1 BeadsD-20 2 3 4 1 UT – R11 AutoForm Proprietary – Confidential 58 Drawbead Setup The segments can be defined based on the determined local drawbead settings. 5. Select Edit Segments 6. Create Segments as shown on the image Definition of the Drawbead Segments Exercise 1 BeadsD-20 5 6 UT – R11 AutoForm Proprietary – Confidential 59 Definition of a Reduction Strategy 7. Set the following reduction state: • Front – 0.6 • Sides – 0.7 • Back – 0.5 • Back corners – 0.0 8. Click on “Apply”. Setting Reduction Strategy Exercise 1 BeadsD-20 Result of Reduction Strategy 7 8 UT – R11 AutoForm Proprietary – Confidential 60 Forming R10 Forming R11 Evaluation • Tool geometry consistent with geometry sheet in case of flattening • Note: Files needs to be recomputed for Forming R11 to show the correct behavior Handling of Drawbead flattening Essentials Drawbead missing in the tool New UT – R11 AutoForm Proprietary – Confidential 61 Process Stage Following variants are now possible: • Round bead on a step bead (1) • Two step beads (2) • And other combinations (3) • Round bead can leave a step bead (4) Drawbeads Essentials 1 2 3 4 New UT – R11 AutoForm Proprietary – Confidential 62 Process Stage In the new version of the R11 software, there is a new subdivision of the Process stage pages. New pages segmentation Esssentials BeadsD-20 UT – R11 AutoForm Proprietary – Confidential 63 1. On D-20, REF click on “Add Reference” 2. Click on Define. 3. Click on Imported. 4. Select “AF Hood Inner”. 5. Click on “Complete Geometry. 6. Select “Small Part”. 7. Click on “Complete Geometry”. 8. Click on Ok. Reference Geometry Definition of the Reference Geometry Exercise 1 RefD-20 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 UT – R11 AutoForm Proprietary – Confidential 65 1. Go to Setup > Misc. 2. Select the “Cutting with Tools”. 3. Repeat the creation procedure of Reference and Measure scenario. Select the same settings for the operation T-40. Operation Setup Cutting Mode 1 2 Exercise 1 SetupT-30 UT – R11 AutoForm Proprietary – Confidential 66 1. Go to Process> T-50 > Setup >End. 2. Enable the sheet separation option. 3. Select “AF_hood_Inner” and press “Split sheet” button. 4. The definition of sheet separation is now completed. This change will keep both parts at the end of the operation F-50 Operation Setup Sheet Separation 1 4 Exercise 1 F-50 Setup 2 3 UT – R11 AutoForm Proprietary – Confidential 67 After splitting the sheets, it is possible to create measurement scenario and reference for each sheet. 1. Go to F-50 REF. 2. Select the Sheet. 3. Click on “Add Reference Geometry”. 4. On Geometry Click on “Define…”. 5. Click on Imported. 6. Select “AF Hood Inner”. 7. Click on “Complete Geometry. 8. Click on Ok. 9. Repeat the procedure for “Sheet2” using “Small part” as reference. Reference Geometry Defining the reference geometry 1 4 5 Exercise 1 F-50 Ref 2 3 9 6 7 8 UT – R11 AutoForm Proprietary –Confidential 68 Essentials – Measurement Scenarios • Measurement Scenarios replace the Forming R10 measurement and inter OP measurement operations. • At the end of each operation, several independent Measurement Scenarios can be defined. The results of the Measurement Scenarios are not used as inputs for subsequent operations. This means that Measurement is no longer a part of the material flow in the press line. Introduction Inter OP Measurement Multiple Measurement Operations OP-40 Scenario 1 Scenario 2 Scenario 1 Scenario 1 Scenario 2 Scenario 3OP-30OP-20 UT – R11 AutoForm Proprietary – Confidential 69 Essentials – Measurement Scenarios • Important: The base for a springback scenario computation is always the closed tool position (bottom dead center) in any case. • Since springback measurement is no longer part of the press line, the measurement operation has been removed from the plan stage. Measurement now appears as ‘Measure’ page at the process stage and the measurement definition is part of the operation from which it branches off. Introduction UT – R11 AutoForm Proprietary – Confidential 70 Essentials – Measurement Scenarios • The new Measure page offers the familiar functionalities of the Forming R10 Measurement Operation, such as Real Measurement, Constrained Springback, Fixed Boundary Condition, and Free Springback. • The user can define as many Measurement Scenarios as desired per operation. One of these measurement scenarios must be set as the Default. • At the Evaluation Stage, the results of the Default marked Measurement Scenario are preselected and displayed. Set up pages UT – R11 AutoForm Proprietary – Confidential 71 Essentials – Measurement Scenarios • The results of the scenarios are part of the operation also. Since scenarios are not part of the main time line, they are specially indicated in the time slider. Time line UT – R11 AutoForm Proprietary – Confidential 72 Essentials – Measurement Scenarios Existing Measurement and Inter OP Measurement operations are automatically converted into Measurement Scenarios. Attention: There is a different treatment of measurement OPs in AFF R10 and R11: • In R10, the measurement operations were part of the material flow, so the results of the springback influence the subsequent operations. • In R11, the measurement operations are converted into scenarios and attached to the previous operations. The scenarios are not part of the material flow and therefore do not affect subsequent operations. • If free springback should be part of the material flow, R11 offers the checkbox "Free Springback at End of Operation", as in R10. Conversion of R10 files D20 M30 T40 M50 … D20 M30 T40 M50 … D20 Free SBK T40 Free SBK … R10 Converted in R11 Free Springback at End of Operation UT – R11 AutoForm Proprietary – Confidential 73 Essentials – Measurement Scenarios • Additional Free Springback at Start of Scenario. A common real use case is a Real Measurement operation with a preceding Free Springback. In R11 this is taken into account per default with the ‘additional free springback at start of scenario’ option. • Restart option A restart option to compute the scenarios of a certain single operation is available as context menu. Scenarios can be modified/added/removed in that restart job. Always all scenarios will be computed. Options UT – R11 AutoForm Proprietary – Confidential 74 1. Click on “Add Measurement Scenario” 2. On “select sheet” select the “Sheet 3. Click on “Constraints” 4. On Constraints click on “Real Measurement” Measurement Measurement scenarios Exercise 1 MeasureF-50 1 2 3 4 UT – R11 AutoForm Proprietary – Confidential 75 Define the Pilots and Clamps. Measurement Real Measurement Exercise 1 MeasureF-50 Pilots and Clamps of Sheet UT – R11 AutoForm Proprietary – Confidential 76 1. Now add the measurement scenario for “Small Part” 2. Click on “Add Measurement Scenario” 3. On Setup page, on select sheet field, select the “Sheet 2” 4. On Constraints click on “Real Measurement” 5. Define the Pilots and Clamps. Measurement Real Measurement Exercise 1 MeasureF-50 Pilots and Clamps of Sheet 2 1 4 2 3 5 UT – R11 AutoForm Proprietary – Confidential 77 Simulation 1. On Simulation Stage > Control > Main > Engineering Phase > Select “FV”. 2. On Control > Results > Select “All On”. You can now start the Simulation. Simulation Start and Reopen Results Exercise 1 Start 1 2 UT – R11 AutoForm Proprietary – Confidential 78 Evaluation • Tool listing in force page has become a structure to easily switch visibility • Weights have been moved out of the tool list Improved forces page Essentials New Forming R10Forming R11 UT – R11 AutoForm Proprietary – Confidential 79 Process Stage With R11, is now possible to create a simple surface that can be used as a surface guide. It is no longer necessary to import constructed surfaces. Surface guides Essentials New UT – R11 AutoForm Proprietary – Confidential 80 New Autoform Sigma New Sigma variables for Pressure and Time in a hydro-mechanical operation(1). New Sigma variables for Bearing Areas (local line modification, convex and expand attributes)(2). New Sigma Variables Essentials UT – R11 AutoForm Proprietary – Confidential 81 Autoform Sigma • Forming R10 → Assembly R10: *.asm-files with Sigma data has to be exported again by this tool to be able to use it in Assembly, • Forming R11 → Assembly R11: No separate Data Exporter required anymore for Sigma *.asm-files Preprocessing: Output for Assembly Essentials Forming R10 Forming R11 UT – R11 AutoForm Proprietary – Confidential 82 Autoform Sigma Meanwhile the Realization Logfiles in the R10 were accessible after their calculation. The realization Logfiles in the R11 are accessible during their calculation. Log Files Essentials Forming R10 Forming R11 New UT – R11 AutoForm Proprietary – Confidential 83 Evaluation Options material point labeling: • Display Name • Display Value Improved material point labeling Essentials New UT – R11 AutoForm Proprietary – Confidential 84 Genral New shortcut F8 automatically leads to AutoForm HelpDesk. • Quickly create a ticket. • Fast exchange of data. HelpDesk Essentials New UT – R11 AutoForm Proprietary – Confidential Chapter 2 Elastic Tool Deflection (ETD) Update Training Process Engineering AutoForm R11 UT – R11 AutoForm Proprietary – Confidential 86 Chapter 2 • Task and Learning Targets • Elastic Tool Deflection Study • Main Focus • Benefits and Definition simulating the Elastic Tool Deflection • Solid Tool Preparation and Simulation setup • Overcrowning Objectives UT – R11 AutoForm Proprietary – Confidential 87 Why consider elastic tool deflection? 1. Realistic: Elastic deformation of press and tool during closing • Influence on forming process 2. Press Forces: Analysis of the influence on press forces 3. Forming result: Analysis of the influence on springback and draw-in 4. Overcrowning: Compensation by tool overcrowning • Overcrowning strategies necessary 5. Multi-Blank: Elastic tool deflection with several blanks / tools on the press Benefits: • Reduce spotting time of Die and Punch of Drawing Operation by accounting press and tool deflection. • Provide an overcrowning function to get a compensated surface for milling. Essentials - Motivation Elastic tool deflection Bolster Draw Cushion Ram Die Punch UT – R11 AutoForm Proprietary – Confidential 88 The simulation of the elastic tool deflection follows the forming simulation Essentials - Elastic tool deflection Simulation 1. Forming Simulation 2. Calculation of the deflection 3. Result of the deflection Linear-elastic Solver UT – R11 AutoForm Proprietary – Confidential 89 In order to simulate the elastic deflection of the tools, the following input is required: 1. Tool surfaces 2. Tool solids (CADor AF Substructure Generator) 3. Press elasticity data Essentials - Elastic tool deflection Required simulation input Option 1: 3D Substructure Generator Option 2: Tool Import + + 1 2 3 UT – R11 AutoForm Proprietary – Confidential 90 Elastic Tool Deflection Make an analysis of the tool deflection in the drawing operation of the hood inner part. To do this, open the following backup file: R11_UT_AF_HoodInner.afd Base File Chapter 2 D-20 UT – R11 AutoForm Proprietary – Confidential 91 Tool Solid First, activate Tool Solids on the Process Stage. • Add Solid object (1) The three following fields need to be defined: • Tool Surface (2) • Tool Substructure + Elastic Material Properties (3) • Press Elasticity Data (4) The summary of used Elasticity Data is shown on Press Elasticity Data (5) Elastic Tool Deflection Essentials New Solids 1 2 3 4 5 UT – R11 AutoForm Proprietary – Confidential 92 Solid Tool Preparation - Punch Let's create the solid tools for D-20. On Process Stage, go to D-20 and go to page Solids. 1. Click on Add Solid. After this, start with the Punch setup: 2. On Solid field, rename the Solid into Punch. 3. On Tool Surface, click on Add Tool. 4. Select the Punch from the Tools of D-20 to assign the tool surface to the solid. 5. Click on OK. In this example the solid structure is not available yet from the die design department, but for these cases it is possible to create a substructure inside the software. Using this substructure, you can already get a feeling about the amount of deflection. Add a Solid tool 1 2 3 4 5 Chapter 2 SolidsD-20 UT – R11 AutoForm Proprietary – Confidential 93 Elastic Tool Deflection This is used to create a substructure with reinforcing ribs. Here the user can create a rough 3D Tool which consists of the offset surface, outer wall and inner ribs and an extended surface. Then the generator GUI looks as follows: • Surface Thickness (1) • Outer Wall (2) - Wall Height and Wall Thickness • Surface Extension (3) - Defined by a Rectangle for x and y dimension, the Height for the z dimension and the Thickness for the surface. • Reinforcing Grid (4) - Defined by the Spacing between the ribs in x and y direction, the Origin of the grid and the Thickness of the ribs. • Feature Ribs (5) - Single ribs can be defined by using a curve and entering a thickness value. Tool Substructure Generator Essentials New *Wall Height is measured from the lowest point of surface boundary 1 2 3 4 5 Solids UT – R11 AutoForm Proprietary – Confidential 94 Solid Tool Preparation - Punch Now it’s time to define the Tool Substructure. 1. On Geometry click on Create… 2. On the new window, activate the Surface Extension field, by checking Create. 3. Define the settings as shown in the picture. 4. Define the Rectangle of the Surface Extension as shown in the picture. Create Substructure Geometry 1 2 3 4 4 Chapter 2 D-20 Solids UT – R11 AutoForm Proprietary – Confidential 95 Solid Tool Preparation - Punch Create an additional rib. 1. Activate Feature Ribs by checking Use. 2. Click on Add. 3. Create the additional Rib following the picture. 4. After the creation of additional rib, click on Calculate. 5. After calculation, click on OK. Add a Solid tool 1 54 3 2 Chapter 2 D-20 Solids UT – R11 AutoForm Proprietary – Confidential 96 Elastic tool deflection The Press Elasticity Model Generator is used to create press elasticity substitution models for the ram and bolster to calculate the deflection of tools. The Generator is in the Application Menu in the Utilities section. There are five fields to set the Elasticity Model: • Model • Geometry • Material • Force • Deflection Press Elasticity Model Generator Essentials New 1 2 3 4 5 Solids UT – R11 AutoForm Proprietary – Confidential 97 Elastic tool deflection There are two different ways to set up a model depending on the complexity of the input: • Basic • Advanced The Basic (1) mode represents a typical procedure in press acceptance protocols where a defined Force is applied on a Load Area (usually 2/3 of the bolster) and the deflection is measured. Press Elasticity Model Generator Essentials New 1 Load Area Measured deflection F Solids UT – R11 AutoForm Proprietary – Confidential 98 Elastic tool deflection The Advanced (2) mode can be used if more measurements are available. More measurements data can be gathered e.g., with a special tool called press finger print tool. This tool has hydraulic cylinders which introduce a force load onto the bolster and ram. Multiple load cases can be applied by clicking on the plus symbol (3). Press Elasticity Model Generator Essentials New 2 3 Load Area Measured deflection F F Solids UT – R11 AutoForm Proprietary – Confidential 99 The solver uses this data to calibrate an internal elasticity model to fit the elastic properties of the press. Essentials - Elastic tool deflection Elasticity Model UT – R11 AutoForm Proprietary – Confidential 100 Now its time to define the material of the substructure: 1. On Tool Substructure Material click on Import… 2. Select the material EN-GJL-250 from the Elastic folder of the material database and click on OK. Forming R11 comes with two elastic material cards for the 3D tools: • EN-GJL-250 (Lamellar cast iron) • EN-GJS-700-2 (Spheroidal cast iron) Set the Elasticity Data of the Fixture Plate: 3. On Elasticity Data click on Import… 4. Select UT_ElasticityData_Bolster.afed from training folder and click on OK. Material and Elasticity Data Solid Tool Preparation - Punch 1 4 3 2 Chapter 2 D-20 Solids UT – R11 AutoForm Proprietary – Confidential 101 Chapter 2 - Tool Preparation Solid Punch UT – R11 AutoForm Proprietary – Confidential 102 Solid Tool Preparation - Die Now repeat the procedure for the D-20 Die. 1. Click on Add Solid. Define the Die setup: 2. On Solid field, rename the new Solid into Die. 3. On Tool Surfaces, click on Add Tool. 4. Select the Die to assign the tool surface to the solid. 5. Click on OK. Add a Solid tool 1 2 3 4 5 Chapter 2 D-20 Solids UT – R11 AutoForm Proprietary – Confidential 103 Solid Tool Preparation - Die Define the Die substructure: 1. On Geometry click on Create… 2. On the new window, on the Surface Extension field, click on Create. 3. Define the settings as shown on Image. 4. Define the Rectangle of the Surface Extension as shown in the picture. 5. Click on Calculate. 6. Click on OK. Create Substructure Geometry 1 2 3 65 4 Chapter 2 D-20 Solids UT – R11 AutoForm Proprietary – Confidential 104 Now its time to define the material of the substructure: 1. On Tool Substructure Material click on Import… 2. Select the material EN-GJL-250 from the Elastic folder of the material database and click on OK. Set the Elasticity Data of the Fixture Plate: 3. On Elasticity Data click on Import… 4. Select UT_ElasticityData_Ram.afed from training folder and click on OK. Material and Elasticity Data Solid Tool Preparation - Die 1 4 3 2 Chapter 2 D-20 Solids UT – R11 AutoForm Proprietary – Confidential 105 Chapter 2 - Tool Preparation Solid Die UT – R11 AutoForm Proprietary – Confidential 106 StartChapter 2 The setup is ready for simulation. 1. Start the simulation. (Backup File: R11_UT_AF_HoodInner_ETD.afd) Start the simulation Elastic Tool Deflection D-20 Tool Solids 1 UT – R11 AutoForm Proprietary – Confidential 107 The ETD operation step returns its results by means of a new tool result variable group called "Tool Deflection". This group contains the deflection values for the three principal directions. The result variables in the group can be assessed from the Tool Results panel in the ribbon. 1. Check the tool deflection in Z-direction and set the scale form -1 mm to 1 mm. Evaluation Elastic Tool Deflection 1 Chapter2 D-20 UT – R11 AutoForm Proprietary – Confidential 108 2. Display the Tool Solids and do a section cut to evaluate the deflection of the press. 3. To better visualize the elastic deflection, you can define a scaling factor. Click on the corresponding icon and set Scaling to 50.0. 4. In addition, switch on the original geometries without deflection. Evaluation Elastic Tool Deflection Chapter 2 D-20 2 3 4 UT – R11 AutoForm Proprietary – Confidential 109 Die and Punch are over-crowned separately. Essentials - Overcrowning Overcrowning strategies (1) Ram Die Punch Bolster Under LoadLoad Free Without overcrowning Ram Die Punch Bolster With overcrowning Under LoadLoad Free Ram Die Punch Bolster Ram Bolster Punch Die Die deflection Punch deflection UT – R11 AutoForm Proprietary – Confidential 110 Only Die is over-crowned with Punch and Die deflections. Essentials - Overcrowning Overcrowning strategies (2) Ram Die Punch Bolster Under LoadLoad Free Without overcrowning Ram Die Punch Bolster With overcrowning Under LoadLoad Free Ram Punch Bolster Ram Bolster Punch Die Die over-crowning = I Die deflection I + I Punch deflection I Die UT – R11 AutoForm Proprietary – Confidential 111 In addition, the user can decide whether to compensate the sagging of the tool by means of overcrowning. The fixture plate deflection causes a translation of the tool opposite to the working direction which we name “Tool Sag". Essentials - Overcrowning Sagging Under Load Overcrowning with Sagging Ram Die Punch Bolster Sagging Sagging Overcrowning without Sagging UT – R11 AutoForm Proprietary – Confidential 112 In addition, the user can decide whether to compensate the sagging of the tool by means of overcrowning. The fixture plate deflection causes a translation of the tool opposite to the working direction which we name “Tool Sag". Essentials - Overcrowning Sagging Under Load Ram Die Punch Bolster Overcrowning with Tool Sag Tool Sag Tool Sag Overcrowning without Tool Sag UT – R11 AutoForm Proprietary – Confidential 113 ModifyChapter 2 In order to get a compensated surface for milling the tool surface will be overcrowned in the next steps. 1. Go to Modify on the Part Stage and click on Overcorwning. 2. Select Die from the Tools. 3. Include Deflection of Opposite Side to compensate both the punch and die deflection on one surface. 4. Note that Tool Sag is activated by default. 5. Click on Apply. Setup Overcrowning 1 2 5 3 4 UT – R11 AutoForm Proprietary – Confidential 114 ModifyChapter 2 1. Display the Geometry and the Overcrowning Amount to see the result. It can be seen that the maximum deflection is 1.60 mm (including the sagging of the tool). Result Overcrowning 1 UT – R11 AutoForm Proprietary – Confidential 115 Chapter 2 Finally, the compensated tool surface can be exported. 1. Go to the Application Menu and click on Export… or use the shortcut Ctrl+E. 2. On the Compensation Tab the Format / Type can be selected. 3. Finally, click on Export… Export Overcrowning 1 3 2 UT – R11 AutoForm Proprietary – Confidential 116 For the elastic tool deflection of Multi Blank Processes an overcrowning in the center of the press table would not have worked, because the maximum deflection is not in the center. The combination of the new Elastic Tool Deflection and the Multi Blank feature, which will be discussed in the next chapter, can solve this problem as well. Essentials - Overcrowning Off-center overcrowning UT – R11 AutoForm Proprietary – Confidential Chapter 3 Multi Blank Update Training Process Engineering AutoForm R11 UT – R11 AutoForm Proprietary – Confidential 118 Chapter 3 • Task and Learning Targets • MultiBlank usecase • Main Focus • Combine two different works on two separate parts • Analyze of the combined effect of using these tools together on the Press Table Objectives UT – R11 AutoForm Proprietary – Confidential 119 Advanced Max. Failure 1. Display the advanced Max Failure at the end of D-20. The advanced Max Failure is under 0.8 and the process is safe in that regard. First Investigation Chapter 3 FormabilityD-20 UT – R11 AutoForm Proprietary – Confidential 120 Chapter 3 • Material • HC300B • Minimal tensile strength 446.9 MPa (N/mm²) • Sheet thickness: 1.10 mm Cross Member 443 mm 1 5 5 4 m m HC300B 1.10 mm UT – R11 AutoForm Proprietary – Confidential 121 Chapter 3 Hood Inner – Process plan Information D-20 Single action draw T-30 Segmented outer trim T-40 Piercings with cam UT – R11 AutoForm Proprietary – Confidential 122 Chapter 3 Hood Inner – Process plan Information F-50 Piercing UT – R11 AutoForm Proprietary – Confidential 123 Advanced Max. Failure 1. Display the advanced Max Failure at the end of D-20. 2. Check the wrinkles with the new Wrinkles Highlighting. The advanced Max Failure is just a little over 0.8 and the process is mainly safe in that regard. First Investigation Chapter 3 FormabilityD-20 UT – R11 AutoForm Proprietary – Confidential 124 Evaluation • New option to highlight wrinkles • Easier to find wrinkles for further investigation • Not a numerical indicator, meaning it can not be used in combination with issues, sigma etc. Wrinkle Highlighting Essentials New UT – R11 AutoForm Proprietary – Confidential 125 Getting started 1. Create a New Design file. 2. Go to the application menu and select “New Multi Blank”. Open New Design Chapter 3 Import 1 2 UT – R11 AutoForm Proprietary – Confidential 126 Getting started 3. Click on the big button ´”Import Design”. 4. Select both “01_R11_UT_AF_CrossMemberV1_Simulati on.afd” and “06_R11_UT_AF_Hood_inner_Proposal_V6 _Simulation.afd” at the same time and press OK. In such a setup, most of the design file are locked. No changes like material, blank, changes are allowed. Open New Design Chapter 3 Import 3 4 UT – R11 AutoForm Proprietary – Confidential 127 Process Setup 1. Display the tools. As you can see, the tools appear to be on top of each other. The next step will be to reposition the tools. To do so, import a press table geometry. Multi Blank Chapter 3 Multi BlankD-20 1 UT – R11 AutoForm Proprietary – Confidential 128 Process Setup 1. Click on Import Tool Surface. 2. Select the geometry R11_UT_PressTable.igs. The press table will help to position the tools and it will enable us to visualize the position of the tools on the press. It has no effect on simulation. Multi Blank Chapter 3 1 Import 2 UT – R11 AutoForm Proprietary – Confidential 129 Process Setup 1. Select the Hood inner. 2. Translate it in the X-Direction by -600mm and in the Z-Direction by +200 mm. 3. Select the Cross Member. 4. Translate it in the X-Direction by +1000mm and in the Z-Direction by +200 mm. This position of the tools is roughly in the middle of the press table. This can be considered as the first guess of a process engineer regarding tool positioning. Parts Reposition Chapter 3 Multi BlankD-20 1 2 3 4 UT – R11 AutoForm Proprietary – Confidential 130 Process Setup There are 4 pin holes from both left and right side. 1. Set the loading condition to columns. 2. Press the “+” symbol to define the column positions. Two columns in the middle of the press table will be defined. Binder Columns Chapter 3 Multi BlankD-20 1 2 UT – R11 AutoForm Proprietary – Confidential 131 Process Setup 1. Define a first column center point with the following coordinates: (-650,0,0). 2. Define a second column center point with the following coordinates (950,0,0). 3. Define the force as 1800 kN for each of the columns. This force is the same as in the single simulations. Binder Columns Chapter 3 Multi BlankD-20 1 3 2 UT – R11 AutoForm Proprietary – Confidential 132 Process Setup 1. Define both binders on Draw Cushion (check the boxes).The setup is ready for simulation. Draw Cushions Chapter 3 Multi BlankD-20 1 UT – R11 AutoForm Proprietary – Confidential 133 Advanced Max. Failure Open the file 01_R11_UT_MultiBlank_Simulation.afd 1. Display the advanced Max Failure at the end of D-20. Regarding the Advanced Max Failure, the process is mainly safe for both blanks. Multi Blank Chapter 3 FormabilityD-20 UT – R11 AutoForm Proprietary – Confidential 134 Chapter 3 • Generation of a Multi Blank simulation • Use of a Press Table Objectives Achieved UT – R11 AutoForm Proprietary – Confidential Chapter 4 Thermal Effects Update Training Process Engineering AutoForm R11 UT – R11 AutoForm Proprietary – Confidential 136 Chapter 4 • Task and Learning Targets • Check the effect of temperature increase during mass production (robustness of the production) • Calculating the steady state tool and part temperatures • Main Focus • Thermal Analysis • Part and Tool Temperatures Objectives UT – R11 AutoForm Proprietary – Confidential 137 Essentials - Motivation In cold forming processes, both sheet and tools heat up due to plastic work in sheet and friction work. This may lead to problems in production as lubrication and material properties are temperature dependent. The formability of the part may be affected during production. Effect of temperature increase during mass production UT – R11 AutoForm Proprietary – Confidential 138 Essentials - Motivation In R10 the gradual heating up of the tools over many cycles can be computed with the help of hot forming simulations, using the "real cycling" option. However, this approach is not straightforward and has two drawbacks: • 3D geometries of ribbed tools cannot be defined easily. • CPU times are very high, since each new part is computed again with a fully coupled thermomechanical cycle. Solution: Heating up of the 3D tools is approximated with a so called "smart ramp up" step. Gradual heating up of tools UT – R11 AutoForm Proprietary – Confidential 139 Essentials - Smart Ramp Up 1. One fully coupled thermomechanical cycle • Thermal simulation of blank • Thermal simulation of tools • Mechanical simulation of blank 2. Memorize mechanical work and effective heat transfer coefficients HTCeff 3. Further thermal simulation of tools only • Estimation of target cycle’s tool temperature 4. Another fully coupled thermomechanical cycle (optional) Basic idea of the smart tool temperature ramp up 2D tool surface with analytical energy balance, for each surface node Tools with 3D FE temperature solution Wmech q(i) Ttool (i) Tsheet (i) Ttool (i+1) q(i) = HTCeff (Tsheet (i) - Ttool (i)) UT – R11 AutoForm Proprietary – Confidential 140 Essentials - Cold Forming with Temperature Effects With Cold Forming with Temperature Effects the temperature at the interface is taken as the average between the tool and sheet temperature This temperature is used as input to calculate the friction coefficient when TriboForm friction is used. Temperature effects on friction Tool Temperature Sheet TemperatureInterface Temperature Mean temperature at the interface: 42.5 °C 25.0 ᵒC 60.0 ᵒC UT – R11 AutoForm Proprietary – Confidential 141 Essentials - Cold Forming with Temperature Effects Within TriboForm the friction coefficient depends on the contact pressure, strain in the sheet material, sliding velocity and temperature at the interface. The interface temperature effects the viscosity of the lubricant (it becomes more liquid). Because the viscosity decreases, the load carrying capacity of the lubricant decreases as well, meaning that more load is carried by sheet-tool contact. This normally leads to an increase of the friction coefficient, which will be more visible under high sliding velocities. In the figure it can be clearly seen that the friction coefficient (as function of contact pressure) increases for increasing temperatures. Temperature effects on friction UT – R11 AutoForm Proprietary – Confidential 142 Preliminary Steps Open the file R11_UT_Front_Fender_Cold.afd. 1. Click on the temperature icon on the left upper part of the toolbar. 2. Select the new use case “Cold Forming with Temperature Effects”. 3. Press OK for the “Change Simulation Type” Dialog. 4. Press OK for the “Replace Material” Dialog. The material will not be changed. This option is applicable to all cold forming processes. This will ease the setup of the simulation. Cold Forming with Temperature Effects Chapter 4 2 1 3 4 UT – R11 AutoForm Proprietary – Confidential 143 Essentials - Cold Forming with Temperature Effects All standard cold and thermal materials are supported in cold forming with temperature with effects, including materials with phase transformation. Note that in the last operation step that has a blank, the blank is instantaneously cooled down to its initial temperature. If the material has thermal strains defined, this can lead to some distortion. Supported material cards UT – R11 AutoForm Proprietary – Confidential 144 PL Thermal 1. In the Thermal Stage of the Process Line, select D-20 as the target Operation. Cold Forming with Temperature Effects Chapter 4 1 ThermalPL UT – R11 AutoForm Proprietary – Confidential 145 Cold forming with temperature effects • Definition of target operation (1) Simulation of gradual heating of tools • for a stationary state (2) • for a specific number of parts (3) Optional: • Calculation of another fully coupled thermomechanical cycle (4) Essentials ThermalPL 1 2 3 4 To o l T e m p er at u re [ °C ] Number of parts produced Stationary 3 2 Estimated tool temperature Input for Calculation of another fully coupled thermomechanical cycle 4 Definition on the PL Page UT – R11 AutoForm Proprietary – Confidential 146 PL Thermal 1. In the Thermal Stage of D-20, select the Die. 2. Click on Apply. 3. Reiterate with the Punch and the Binder. A surface mesh will be generated along every “Apply”. It will be used afterwards as the basis of 3D mesh of the tools. Parameters like surface thickness or rib thickness are used to calculate thermal properties of the tool volume. The simulation is ready to be calculated. A backup file will be used for the rest of this chapter. Cold Forming with Temperature Effects Chapter 4 2 ThermalD-20 1 3 UT – R11 AutoForm Proprietary – Confidential 147 Cold forming with temperature effects • Surface thickness with bulk material properties (1) • Additional ribbed height with effective material properties (2) • Rib thickness of the ribbing (3) • Core Size of the ribbing (4) Essentials ThermalPL Definition of 3D heat conduction in ribbed tools 1 2 3 4 Tool surface (with contact to sheet) Ground plate (with fixed ambient temperature) 3 4 1 2 UT – R11 AutoForm Proprietary – Confidential 148 Thermal Results 1. Open the file R11_UT_Front_Fender_Thermal.afd. There are 2 cycles of the simulation: D-20.01 and D-20.02. The first cycle can be thought as the “first part of the day.” Cold tools meet the first blank. There is a “smart ramp up” step after the first cycle. Here, the steady state working temperature of the tools during mass production will be automatically calculated. In the second cycle, the part is produced with the real tool temperatures in production. Since the second cycle is the “real” solution, the focus will be on the results of this cycle. Cycles of Simulation Chapter 4 D-20 1 UT – R11 AutoForm Proprietary – Confidential 149 Thermal Results 1. Display the Temperature at the End of Drawing of D-20.02. 2. Set the scale from 20 °C to 100 °C. The temperature of the part goes up to about 63 °C locally. Part Temperature Chapter 4 D-20 1 2 1 UT – R11 AutoForm Proprietary – Confidential 150 Thermal Results 1. Hide the Sheet and show the Die. 2. Display the Tool Temperature and set the scale from 20 °C to 30 °C. The temperatureof the tool goes up to about 29 °C locally. Tool Temperature Chapter 4 D-20 1 2 UT – R11 AutoForm Proprietary – Confidential 151 Thermal Results 1. Display the Simulation History at the End of the Process. 2. Click on a spot of the Die where the maximum temperature is to be seen. Analyze: • The first cycle is the “first part of the day” • The “smart ramp up” is the jump between the two cycles • The second cycle shows the actual results with steady state tool temperatures. At the end of the diagram, the temperature goes down during opening. It does not reach the same temperature as in the beginning of the cycle because “Waiting for Blank” step is not calculated. Simulation History Chapter 4 D-20 2 1 UT – R11 AutoForm Proprietary – Confidential 152 Formability 1. Compare the files R11_UT_Front_Fender_Cold.afd and R11_UT_Front_Fender_Thermal.afd. 2. Display the Maximum Failure (Advanced) at the End of Drawing for the Cold Simulation and the first and last cycles of the Thermal Simulation. As can be seen, the Maximum Failure (Advanced) increases when thermal effects are taken into account. It increases even more with higher tool temperature. Starting from a feasible part, the simulation shows that due to thermal effects splits will occur during mass production. Maximum Failure (Advanced) Chapter 4 D-20 1 2 Cold Thermal - 1st cycle Thermal - Steady State UT – R11 AutoForm Proprietary – Confidential 153 Robustness 1. Open the file R11_UT_Front_Fender_Cold_Robustness.afd from the training files. 2. Display the Maximum Failure (Advanced) at the End of Drawing and the Process Capability Index Upper Cpk. An extensive robustness analysis on the cold simulation setup without considering temperature effects in cold forming shows a robust and reliable process. However, a single simulation with thermal effects, showed the exact opposite. Therefore, it is crucial to consider thermal effects for friction sensitive parts. Maximum Failure (Advanced) Chapter 4 D-20 1 2 2 UT – R11 AutoForm Proprietary – Confidential 154 Essentials - Cold Forming with Temperature Effects Other part geometries such as wheelhouses can also react very sensitively to temperature effects in cold forming, as a lot of heat is generated due to the high drawing depth. In the figure can be seen that the tool temperature for an exemplary part goes up to about 55 °C. Sensitive part geometries UT – R11 AutoForm Proprietary – Confidential Chapter 5 Multi Sheet Update Training Process Engineering AutoForm R11 UT – R11 AutoForm Proprietary – Confidential 156 Chapter 5 • Task and Learning Targets • Multi-Sheet Analysis • Main Focus • Study of Formcheck on Multi-Sheet. • Spring back analysis of multiple parts. Objectives UT – R11 AutoForm Proprietary – Confidential 157 Formability Multi Sheet Remember that in chapter 1, during the simulation setup, the multi sheet was activated. Now starts study of the applications of multi sheet. Run the full simulation or open the backup file : 07_R11_UT_AF_Hood_inner_Proposal_V6_Full_ Simulation.afd Starting Chapter 5 F-50 UT – R11 AutoForm Proprietary – Confidential 158 Formability Multi Sheet 1. Go to the F-50 cutting 2. On View Options, activate the Sheet and Sheet 2 3. On Evaluation Stage go to Advanced FLD Formability Chapter 5 F-50 1 2 3 UT – R11 AutoForm Proprietary – Confidential 159 Formability Multi Sheet The Advanced FLD shows the result of both parts when Hood Inner and Small Part are activated. Formability – Both Parts Chapter 5 F-50 UT – R11 AutoForm Proprietary – Confidential 160 Formability Multi Sheet But is also possible to show the result of just one part. Deactivate the Sheet 2 to check just the result of Hood Inner Formability – Hood Inner Chapter 5 F-50 UT – R11 AutoForm Proprietary – Confidential 161 Formability Multi Sheet Invert the selection and show the result of the Small Part Formability – Small Part Chapter 5 F-50 UT – R11 AutoForm Proprietary – Confidential 162 Formability Multi Sheet Now its time to check the Springback 1. On View Options, activate the Sheet and Sheet 2 2. Go to Evaluation Stage 3. Go to Springback on F-50 4. Click on Distance from Reference on normal Dir. See that the two measurement scenarios that were defined in chapter one are available for analysis in the springback page. 5. Check the springback results for both parts. Formability Chapter 5 F-50 1 2 3 4 5 UT – R11 AutoForm Proprietary – Confidential 163 Charpter 5 – Multi sheet Distance from Reference on normal Dir Measurement Scenario 1 UT – R11 AutoForm Proprietary – Confidential 164 Charpter 5 – Multi sheet Distance from Reference on normal Dir Measurement Scenario 2 UT – R11 AutoForm Proprietary – Confidential 165 Formability Multi Sheet These springback results can be used together for part compensation. The image shows the compensation vector field of two pieces that will be used in the first compensation loop. Formability Chapter 5 F-50 UT – R11 AutoForm Proprietary – Confidential 166 Postprocessing Multiple Sheets are fully supported by Sigma including Draw In. However, we are aware of release-blocking bugs to be resolved during the alpha/test phase. Limitation: Skid Lines are not testable with Multiple Sheets and will most likely not be supported in R11. Support of multiple sheets on Resolve page Essentials New UT – R11 AutoForm Proprietary – Confidential Chapter 6 Die Face Quality Design Update Training Process Engineering AutoForm R11 UT – R11 AutoForm Proprietary – Confidential 168 Chapter 6 • Task and Learning Targets • DieDesigner Plus first steps • Main Focus • Introduction of AutoForm SMART Design Workflow • Concept Geometry Generation Objectives UT – R11 AutoForm Proprietary – Confidential 169 Exercise 6 Integration of Stamping and BiW assembly Process Chains UT – R11 AutoForm Proprietary – Confidential 170 Exercise 6 AutoForm SMART Design Workflow UT – R11 AutoForm Proprietary – Confidential 171 Exercise 6 Tailgate Outer UT – R11 AutoForm Proprietary – Confidential 172 Die Face Quality Design 1. Open the Design File AF-Tailgate Outer_Full Stamping Process_Process Design II- S0_Start.afd Concept Geometry Exercise 6 1 UT – R11 AutoForm Proprietary – Confidential 173 Die Face Quality Design 1. Go to DieFace stage -> D20 -> Addendum 2. Check geometry with Curve & Surfaces Analysis Concept Geometry Exercise 6 2 1 UT – R11 AutoForm Proprietary – Confidential 174 Die Face Quality Design 1. Go to DieFace stage -> D20 -> Addendum 2. Check geometry with Curve & Surfaces Analysis Concept Geometry Exercise 6 2 1 2 UT – R11 AutoForm Proprietary – Confidential 175 Die Face Quality Design 1. Check Gaps between faces (G0) Concept Geometry Exercise 6 1 UT – R11 AutoForm Proprietary – Confidential 176 Die Face Quality Design 1. Check Angle between Faces (G1) 2. Switch on Label values out of range Concept Geometry Exercise 6 1 2 UT – R11 AutoForm Proprietary – Confidential 177 Die Face Quality Design 1. Check Curvature Types Concept Geometry Exercise 6 1 UT – R11 AutoForm Proprietary – Confidential 178 Die Face Quality Design 1. Activate the diamond to change the environment from Concept to Quality Geometry. 2. The diamond displayed on Part Stage and DieFace Stage indicates the availability of DieDesigner Plus on that level. 3. Go to Part Stage > Import Page. Switch on Curve & Surface Analysis and check “Modifications at Import to Repair Gaps/Overlaps”. The imported Part geometry is not healed anymore! The imported shape remains unchanged according to the standard requirements in CAD. This is the first significant difference between CG and QG. Quality Geometry Exercise 6 1 2 3 3 UT – R11 AutoForm Proprietary – Confidential 179 Die Face Quality Design 1. Goto Plan Stage > Plan and check Process Plan. The Plan stage and thus the Process setup is shared by Concept Geometry & Quality Geometry. No action is needed. Quality Geometry Exercise 6 1 UT – R11 AutoForm Proprietary – Confidential 180 Die Face Quality Design 1. Open the Design File AF-Tailgate Outer_Full Stamping Process_Process Design II- S8_Addendum_Exercise.afd and go to DieFace Stage F-60. 2. Based on the Concept Form steel of F-60, F- 50 and F-40 coming from DieDesigner Quality Forms were already generated in this file. These Quality Forms are automatically forwarded to the Process Stage. 3. Go to T-30. Tool geometries are also automatically forwarded to the Process Stage. Quality Geometry Exercise 6 2 3 UT – R11 AutoForm Proprietary – Confidential 181 Die Face Quality Design 1. Go to D-20 and the workflow to generate the tool geometries pops up - we simply follow the steps from left to right. 2. Tip: Nothing to do. 3. Modify: Modify is used to prepare the Part geometry for the Draw process, for example Fill all Part holes. With Fill Multiple Holes all holes automatically filled by using native faces if possible or a fill surface if the hole is too complex. This was already done in the file. You can check the quality by using the Curve & Surface Analysis. 4. Binder: Display the Concept binder. This was used as reference for the Quality Binder. The Quality Binder was already created in this file. Quality Geometry Exercise 6 3 4 UT – R11 AutoForm Proprietary – Confidential 182 Die Face Quality Design 1. Go to the Quality Die Page. The design workflow with the tabs Support/Boundary/Wall/Addendum and Die appears. Support is used to create additional, independent surfaces. Boundary is used to generate Part extension surfaces. Wall is used to create a wall ring. Addendum is used to create a connection between Boundary and Wall. Die is used to create the final Die surface. Everything is already prepared in the file except two segment. 2. Click on the line to create a fillet between Wall and Boundary. 3. Click on Fillet. Quality Geometry Exercise 6 1 2 3 UT – R11 AutoForm Proprietary – Confidential 183 Die Face Quality Design 1. Two faces are automatically provided by the software; these are Input Boundary and Input Wall. 2. Invert the vectors for the Fillet by clicking with the RMB on the vector. 3. Define the Fillet geometrie. 4. Press Apply. The segment is complete. The fillet is using the radii of the neighboring fillets. Quality Geometry Exercise 6 1 2 3 4 UT – R11 AutoForm Proprietary – Confidential 184 Die Face Quality Design 1. Activate the line on the left side for the remaining segment. 2. Due to a self symmetric design the result of the right segment is mirrored to the left one by clicking on Apply. 3. Click on Finish at the end and press Apply to generate the final result. The punch is complete now. Quality Geometry Exercise 6 1 2 3 UT – R11 AutoForm Proprietary – Confidential 185 Die Face Quality Design 1. Punch construction is complete. Quality Geometry Exercise 6 1 UT – R11 AutoForm Proprietary – Confidential 186 Die Face Quality Design 1. Use the Die radius module to bring Punch and Binder surface together to create the final Die Surface. Click on Add Die Radius. 2. Pick curve: Part Boundary OK 3. Choose a Die radius of 6mm and press Apply. Quality Geometry Exercise 6 1 2 3 UT – R11 AutoForm Proprietary – Confidential 187 Die Face Quality Design 1. Die construction is complete. Quality Geometry Exercise 6 1 UT – R11 AutoForm Proprietary – Confidential 188 Die Face Quality Design 1. Check Gaps between faces (G0) Quality Geometry Exercise 6 1 UT – R11 AutoForm Proprietary – Confidential 189 Die Face Quality Design 1. Check Angle between Faces (G1) Quality Geometry Exercise 6 1 UT – R11 AutoForm Proprietary – Confidential 190 Die Face Quality Design 1. Check Curvature Types Quality Geometry Exercise 6 1 UT – R11 AutoForm Proprietary – Confidential 191 Exercise 6 AutoForm-DieDesigner Plus Benefits Integrated • Integrated within AutoForm-Forming – Digital workflow can be further improved • No other software platform needed • All processing information is contained in same file – seamless and effortless communication Intuitive • Defined methodology (step by step) for surface creation • No additional management of features or Organization • Specific features for stamping process design • No file translation for simulation workflow Efficient • Quick to learn/use features – no CAD specific knowledge required • Manufacturing relative tolerances = more efficient • Concept Design Reference – Visual reference can be used. Don`t redesign from scratch • Faster than traditional CAD • Associativity – Part design changes can be applied UT – R11 AutoForm Proprietary – Confidential © 2023 AutoForm Engineering GmbH, Switzerland. "AutoForm" and other trademarks listed under www.autoform.com or trade names contained in this documentation or the Software are trademarks or registered trademarks of AutoForm Engineering GmbH. Third party trademarks, trade names, product names and logos may be the trademarks or registered trademarks of their respective owners. AutoForm Engineering GmbH owns and practices various patents and patent applications that are listed on its website www.autoform.com. Software and specifications may be subject to change without notice. AutoForm Offices Switzerland Wilen b. Wollerau +41 43 444 61 61 Germany Dortmund +49 231 9742 320 The Netherlands Capelle a/d Ijssel +31 180 668 255 France Aix-en-Provence +33 4 42 90 42 60 Spain Barcelona +34 93 320 84 22 Italy Turin +39 011 620 41 11 USA Troy, MI +1 888 428 8636 Mexico Corregidora, Qro. +52 442 225 1104 Brazil São Bernardo do Campo +55 11 4121 1644 India Hyderabad +91 40 4068 9999 China Hongkong +85 2 2546 9069 Japan Tokyo +81 3 6459 0881 Korea Seoul +82 2 2113 0770 Czech Republic Prague +420 221 228 481 Default Section Slide 1: Process Engineering AutoForm R11 Slide 2 Slide 3: Update Training – Process Engineering Slide 4: Chapter 1 Simulation Setup Slide 5: Chapter 1 Slide 6: Chapter 1 Slide 7: Chapter 1 Slide 8: Chapter 1 Slide 9: Chapter 1 Slide 10: General Slide 11: 3D View Slide 12: Part Stage Slide 13: Part Stage Slide 14: Application Toolbar Slide 15: Application Toolbar Slide 16: Application Toolbar Slide 17: Application Toolbar Slide 18: Application Toolbar Slide 19: Application Toolbar Slide 20: Application Toolbar Slide 21: Application Toolbar Slide 22: Part Stage Slide 23: Part Stage Slide 24: Part Stage Slide 26: Material Card Slide 27: Plan Stage Slide 28: Defining the process units Slide 29: Trim Plan Slide 30: Trim Plan Slide 31: Plan Stage Slide 32: Generation of Forming Geometries Slide 33: Tool Creation in F-50 Slide 34: Drawing Tool Preparation Slide 35: Part Geometry Preparation Slide 36: Part Geometry Preparation Slide 37: Part Geometry Preparation Slide 38: Binder Generation Slide 39: Binder Generation Slide 40: Addendum Generation Slide 41: Die Face Stage Slide 42: Die Face Stage Slide 43: Die Face Stage Slide 44: Trimcheck Analysis Slide 45: Formcheck Analysis Slide 46: Blank Creation Slide 47: Blank Creation Slide 48: Process Stage Slide 49: Friction setting Slide 50: Process Stage Slide 51: Process Stage Slide 52: Operation Setup Slide 53: Operation Setup Slide 54: Tool Setting Slide 55: Application Toolbar Slide 56: Process Setup Slide 57: Definition of a Reduction Strategy Slide 58: Drawbead Setup Slide 59: Definition of a Reduction Strategy Slide 60: Evaluation Slide 61: Process Stage Slide 62: Process Stage Slide 63: Reference Geometry Slide 65: Operation Setup Slide 66: Operation Setup Slide 67: Reference Geometry Slide 68: Essentials – Measurement Scenarios Slide 69: Essentials – Measurement Scenarios Slide 70: Essentials