vocabulary-guide

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Vocabulary
Guide
Basic
Intermediate
Advanced
Arquivo Interativo.
Interações no menu 
ao lado e na base das 
páginas.
Imagens utilizadas conforme licença de 
shutterstock.com e de freepik.com.
Expressing Origin
Marital Status
Telling Time
Special Occasions
Weather
Means of Transportation
Directions and Locations
Colors and Materials
Parts of the House
Acquaintances, Friends, and Family
Professions and Occupations
Invitations
Stating Preferences
Talking about Money
6
11
16
21
26
32
43
50
56
63
68
73
77
83
Basic
Arquivo Interativo.
Interações no menu 
ao lado e na base das 
páginas.
91
95
104
110
116
122
130
148
153
161
165
171
175
178
Giving Emphasis
Describing Appearance
Describing Personality, Emotions, 
and States
Describing Places and Things
Food and Drinks
Regular Activities
High-Frequency Nouns, Adjectives, 
and Verbs
Leisure Activities
Offers and Requests
Parts of the Body
Clothes and Accessories
Permission
Reminders and Warnings
Greetings, Introductions, and Farewells
Basic
Arquivo Interativo.
Interações no menu 
ao lado e na base das 
páginas.
Intermediate
Location, Directions, and Movement 
Expressing Passage of Time
Expressing Opinion
Describing Places, Events, and Situations
Expressing Modality
Opening and Closing Conversations
Options and Choices
Confirming Information
Announcements
Messages and Notes
Narrating and Sequencing Events
Apologies and Justification
Academic and Professional Achievements
Talking about Budget and Investments
184
199
207
214
223
236
246
255
262
272
285
293
303
315
Arquivo Interativo.
Interações no menu 
ao lado e na base das 
páginas.
Metaphor, Euphemism, and Hyperbole
Types of Texts
Implied Meaning
Text Cohesion and References
323
335
347
356
Advanced
Arquivo Interativo.
Interações no menu 
ao lado e na base das 
páginas.
para o índice
Intermediate Advanced
Currency is the type of money a country uses, such as dollar, euro, and real.
Moeda é o tipo de dinheiro que um país usa, como dólar, euro e real.
Cash consists of bills and coins.
Dinheiro em espécie consiste em notas e moedas.
In the United Kingdom, a penny is the same as a coin, and the plural form is pennies.
No Reino Unido, a penny é o mesmo que a coin (moeda) e o plural é pennies (moedas).
A penny is also a one-cent coin, and, in this case, the plural form is pence.
A penny é também uma moeda de um centavo, e neste caso, o plural é pence.
The bus fare is 80 pence.
A tarifa de ônibus é 80 centavos.
Here are some common verbs related to what you can do with your money. 
Observe the different ideas they convey:
TO SAVE
poupar
- I need to save money.
Eu preciso guardar dinheiro.
- You should have a piggy bank.
Você deveria ter um cofrinho.
In the United States and Canada, there are specific names 
for coins depending on their worth:
Nos Estados Unidos e Canadá, existem nomes específ icos 
para moedas, dependendo do valor delas:
a penny
um centavo
a dime
dez centavos
a quarter
vinte e cinco centavos
In this case, it implies a temporary condition. For example:
It is also possible to use the subject followed by to be, then the indefinite article followed by 
the adjective and noun, as in:
Ann is a muscular woman.
Ann é uma mulher musculosa. 
Jim looks sad.
Jim parece/está triste.
They are a young couple.
Eles são um casal jovem.
The dog looks beautiful.
O cachorro está lindo.
We usually translate to be as ser 
when describing appearance.
We do not use the verb to see 
to describe appearances, as in: 
Jim sees sad. 
The dog sees beautiful.
hot. Can you turn on the 
air conditioning, please?
Eu estou com calor. Você pode ligar 
o ar-condicionado, por favor?
Note the difference in meaning 
when we use to be:
Zoe is sick. (Zoe está doente.)
There is a huge bridge in this city.
Tem uma ponte enorme nessa cidade.
There are many great shops in that mall.
Há muitas lojas ótimas naquele shopping.
There are many people at the beach.
Há muitas pessoas na praia.
We do not use the verb to have 
to talk about existence. For example:
Have big trees in the park.
There are big trees in the park.
the table
arrumar a mesa
sit at the table
sentar-se à mesa
serve the food
servir a comida
order takeout
pedir comida
heat up the meal
aquecer a refeição
eat out
comer fora
go to the supermarket
ir ao supermercado
buy groceries
comprar mantimentos
go to the drugstore
ir à farmácia
go to the doctor/dentist
ir ao médico/dentista
get a haircut
cortar o cabelo
pay the bills
pagar as contas
Mom made orange juice for lunch.
Mamãe fez suco de laranja para o almoço.
Julia will make a special dinner.
A Julia vai fazer um jantar especial.
I can make eggs for breakfast.
Eu posso fazer ovos para o café da manhã.
She’s making pasta for dinner.
Ela está fazendo massa para o jantar.
owl
coruja
snake
cobra
cow
vaca
pig
porco
horse
cavalo
goat
bode/cabra
turkey
peru
sheep
carneiro/ovelha
goose
ganso
lamb
cordeiro
pony
pônei
bull
touro
chicken
galinha/frango
rooster
galo
hen
galinha
penguin
pinguim
crocodile
crocodilo
alligator
jacaré
whale
baleia
dolphin
golf inho
seal
foca
shark
tubarão
duck
pato
octopus
polvo
crab
caranguejo
squid
lula
frog
sapo
sea horse
cavalo-marinho
Note that chicken is a 
generic word that refers 
to both the animal and its 
meat, but hen refers only 
to the animal.
to mean
signif icar
to keep
manter/guardar
to pay
pagar
to buy
comprar
to sell
vender
to eat
comer
to drink
beber
to like
gostar
to love
amar
to hate
odiar
to enjoy
desfrutar/apreciar
to want
querer
to play
jogar/brincar
to write
escrever
to read
ler
to show
mostrar/exibir
to give
dar
to say
dizer
to tell
contar/dizer
to ask
perguntar/pedir
to come
vir
to leave
sair/partir/deixar
to go
ir
to start
começar/ligar
to finish
terminar/acabar
to need
precisar
to meet
encontrar/conhecer
to know
saber/entender
to think
pensar/achar
to feel
sentir
to help
ajudar
to live
viver
to save
salvar/economizar
to use
usar
to cook
cozinhar
HIGH-FREQUENCY VERBS
Verbs are words that describe an action, experience, or state. 
Here is a list of common verbs:
listen to music
ouvir música
play games
jogar jogos
draw
desenhar
write
escrever
play musical instruments
tocar instrumentos musicais
paint
pintar
cook
cozinhar
watch movies / TV shows
assistir a f ilmes/séries
watch plays
assistir a peças de teatro
go to the beach
ir à praia
go to concerts
ir a shows
go out
sair
go to the mall
ir ao shopping
go to the theater
ir ao teatro
go to the movies
ir ao cinema
Leisure Activities
Note that in “go to the 
movies” the word movies 
refers to the movie theater, 
that is, the place we go to.
gentil, mas já está tudo pronto.
“No, thank you” sounds more 
emphatic than “no, thanks.”
and they increase by a half size. For example:
Sizes for both clothes and footwear can also be indicated by numbers. Clothing sizes 
for women, children, and men may vary with brands, models, and manufacturers.
Os tamanhos de roupas e calçados também podem ser identif icados por números. 
Os tamanhos de roupas para mulheres, crianças e homens variam de acordo com as 
marcas, modelos e fabricantes.
FOOTWEAR
Calçados
CLOTHING SIZES
Tamanhos de Roupas 
shoes
sapatos
sandals
sandálias
tennis shoes/sneakers
tênis
flip-flops
chinelos
boots
botas
high heels
salto alto
S (small)
P (pequeno)
XS (extra small)
PP (extrapequeno)
M (medium)
M (médio)
XL (extra large)
GG (extragrande)
L (large)
G (grande)
XXL / 2XL (extra extra large)
GGG (extra-extragrande)
- Do you have this shoe in size 6.5?
Você tem este sapato no tamanho 6.5?
- Yes, but only the white one.
Sim, mas somente o branco.
are engaged. On 
the wedding day, we use the following nouns:
Note that we do not use articles (a/an) before marital status because they are 
adjectives. The only exception is widow and widower because they are nouns. 
Observe:
Helen is a widow.
Helen é viúva.
Roger is a widower.
Roger é viúvo.
groom
noivo
bride
noiva
I am single.
Eu estou solteiro(a).
We are engaged.
Nós estamos noivos.
Brian is divorced.
Brian é divorciado.
My sister is married.
Minha irmã é casada.
Watch out!
Fique alerta! / Esteja atento!
Slow down!
Vá mais devagar!
Be careful! / Careful!
Cuidado!
Look out!
Fique de olho!
Stop!
Pare!
Warning: Risk of electric shock.
Aviso: Risco de choque elétrico.
Danger: Strong currents 
on this beach.
Perigo: Correntes fortes nesta praia.
Beware of the dog.
Cuidado com o cachorro.
Caution: Wet floor.
Cuidado: Chão molhado.
there + be, which is used to refer to the 
existence or presence of someone or something in space.
The verb to stay can also be used to talk about location. It can be used to refer to not leaving a place. 
Take a look at the examples:
Nat is beyond proud of her son’s achievements.
Nat está mais que orgulhosa das conquistas de seu f ilho.
There is someone at the door. I’ll check.
Há alguém na porta. Vou checar.
We will stay home due to the snow.
Nós vamos f icar em casa devido à neve.
There will be a new golf tournament 
in Napa Valley next spring.
Haverá um novo torneio de golfe 
em Napa Valley na próxima primavera.
Jim stayed in Montreal for two 
weeks last month.
Jim f icou em Montreal por duas 
semanas no mês passado.
go up or go down the street, 
depending on the direction the person is going.
Up the street can also be used to refer to the direction house numbers are going up, 
while down the street is used to refer to the other direction. So, if you are standing in 
front of 30 Madison Avenue and you are heading towards 100 Madison Avenue, you 
can say that you are walking up the street.
The use of up or down can also depend on which way is towards the center of the city, 
which is usually referred to as downtown, and the opposite direction is usually referred 
to as uptown.
You’ll have to go up the street and turn right 
to get to the stadium.
Você terá que subir a rua e virar à direita para 
chegar ao estádio.
Just walk down 5th Avenue. Washington 
Square Park is right at the end of it.
Apenas desça a 5th Avenue. O Washington 
Square Park é logo ao f inal dela.
My house is just down the road.
Minha casa está logo descendo a estrada.
I’ll have to go downtown with 
my sister this Saturday.
Eu terei que ir ao centro da cidade com 
minha irmã neste sábado.
trem já havia partido quando eu cheguei na estação.
The Greens have already left for their son’s art exhibition.
Os Greens já saíram para a exposição de artes do seu f ilho.
Already can also be used in the 
negative form, but it is far less 
common. It emphasizes things 
that should have happened before 
they have actually happened.
Expressing Passage 
of Time
Wow, Pete has finished the test already!
Wow, Pete já terminou a prova!
Is it noon already?
Já é meio-dia?
enquanto Brian 
estava assistindo a um jogo na TV.
Now, take a look at a context in which they would be used:
Giving reasons for your opinion also helps to make your point stronger. When you 
give a reason, you explain why something is or should be a certain way. It is a way to 
justify your point of view.
See the following examples:
Notice that, to ask about the person’s opinions, the questions What are your thoughts on and 
How did you like were used. To answer the question, in the f irst dialogue, the speaker started his 
opinion with the expression It seems to me that, and in the second one, he gave his opinion using 
an adjective. In both of them, their opinions were justif ied with some evidence.
- What are your thoughts on who is going to win the elections?
Qual sua opinião sobre quem vai ganhar as eleições?
- It seems to me that candidate Greene has better chances.
He does much better in the debates.
Me parece que o candidato Greene tem mais chances.
Ele se sai muito melhor nos debates.
- How were Ms. Johnson’s results this semester?
Como foram os resultados da Sra. Johnson 
neste semestre?
- Not bad at all. It seems to me we’ve 
made a wise choice in hiring her.
Nada mal. Me parece que nós f izemos 
uma escolha inteligente ao contratá-la.
- How did you like the local guide you 
hired on your trip?
O que você achou do guia local que você 
contratou na sua viagem?
- He was the best! He knows everything about 
Thailand, and you may save a lot of time visiting 
the right places.
Ele foi o melhor! Ele sabe tudo sobre a Tailândia, e 
você pode economizar muito tempo visitando os 
lugares certos.
crowded on the weekends. 
Esse parque é relativamente lotado nos f inais de semana.
- I think New York is extremely cosmopolitan.
Eu acho Nova Iorque extremamente 
cosmopolita.
- I totally agree with you. It’s my favorite 
place in the world.
Concordo totalmente com você. É meu lugar 
favorito no mundo.
- What did you think about Bob and Julie’s 
wedding party?
O que você achou da festa de casamento do 
Bob e da Julie?
- It was amazing. And everyone was 
fascinated by the ceremony on the beach!
Foi impressionante. E todos f icaram fascinados 
com a cerimônia na praia!
- Did you find that house you were looking for?
Você encontrou aquela casa que estava 
procurando?
- Yes, and, to me, it is kind of weird 
just like the picture.
Sim, e, para mim, ela é meio estranha 
assim como na foto.
- How did you like the play?
O quanto você gostou da peça de teatro?
- It was so exciting! I was amazed 
by their talent.
Foi tão empolgante! Eu f iquei encantada 
com o talento deles.
ter causado 
um acidente.
It is still possible to get tickets for the game. 
Ainda é possível conseguir ingressos para o jogo.
Eu não tenho que fazer viagens de negócios neste mês.
- It is really hard to make a decision right away.
É muito dif ícil tomar uma decisão imediatamente.
- You had better think more if you are not certain.
É melhor você pensar mais se você não tiver certeza.
Tomorrow, I don’t have to wake 
up early. It’s a holiday.
Amanhã, eu não tenho que acordar 
cedo. É feriado.
- Laura seems extremely tired. 
She should take some rest.
Laura parece extremamente cansada. 
Ela deveria descansar um pouco.
- I’ve just told her that she must take some days off.
Acabei de dizer a ela que ela deve tirar alguns dias de folga.
- Don’t be a stranger, okay? Take care.
Vê se não some, está bem? Se cuida.
- We appreciate your business. 
Have a good one!
Obrigada pela preferência. Tenha um bom dia!
- Thank you. You too!
Obrigada. Você também!
um ano anterior
gender reveal party
chá revelação
prom
baile de formatura 
wedding
casamento
graduation
formatura
anniversary
aniversário
baby shower
chá de bebê
wedding anniversary
aniversário de casamento
Special 
Occasions
The prom usually 
happens before 
students graduate 
from high school in 
the U.S.
você gosta mais, 
do vermelho ou do azul?
- I think I’ll go for the red one. 
It matches my shoes.
Eu acho que vou escolher o vermelho. 
Combina com os meus sapatos.
didn’t she?
Ela terminou o projeto, não terminou?
He doesn’t work on weekends, does he?
Ele não trabalha aos f ins de semana, trabalha?
You didn’t enjoy the concert, did you?
Você não gostou do show, gostou?
You are a doctor, right?
Você é médico, não é?
The package arrived, didn’t it?
O pacote chegou, não chegou?
- You offer free delivery, right?
Vocês oferecem entrega gratuita, não é?
- Yes, we do.
Sim, nós oferecemos.
- So, you mean that the project is due 
tomorrow?
Então, você quer dizer que o projeto deve ser 
entregue amanhã?
- Exactly, tomorrow.
Exatamente, amanhã.
- Let me make sure I got this clear. You’ll 
handle the client meeting tomorrow, right?
Deixe-me confirmar que entendi claramente. 
Você vai liderar a reunião com o 
cliente amanhã, certo?
- Yes, I will.
Sim, eu vou.
- Could you please confirm your full name for 
the reservation?
Você poderia confirmar o seu nome completo 
para a reserva, por favor?
- Certainly. It’s John Smith.
Claro. É John Smith. 
When the purpose of the announcement is to demand action from passengers, it is 
common to hear the word please followed by the imperative form. Modal verbs such 
as should and must are also common:
Announcements can also be directed to passengers of a specific flight. In these cases, 
the announcement will mention the flight number and its destination to draw the 
passengers’ attention. For example:
For your safety, please keep your personal belongings with you at all times.
Para sua segurança, favor manter os seus pertences com você o tempo todo.
Passengers for flight 1278 to New York, please make your way 
to Gate 6 for boarding.
Passageiros do voo 1278 para Nova York, por favor dirijam-se ao 
portão 6 para embarque.
All passengers should be at the gate at least 30 minutes before departure.
Todos os passageiros devem comparecer ao portão de embarque pelo menos 
30 minutos antes da decolagem.
Please report any unattended bags or suspicious activity to airport personnel.
Favor relatar qualquer bagagem desacompanhada ou atividade suspeita ao 
pessoal do aeroporto.
This is a final boarding call for fight 1278 to New York.
Esta é a última chamada de embarque do voo 1278 para Nova York.
Please have your boarding pass 
and ID ready.
Por favor, tenha em mãos o seu cartão de 
embarque e documento de identidade.
Temos uma promoção 
especial no corredor 7 de tortas 
congeladas.
Attention, Fruitmart shoppers! Don’t 
forget to check out our weekly specials 
near the entrance.
Atenção, clientes do Fruitmart! Não se 
esqueçam de conferir a seleção especial da 
semana perto da entrada.
For your convenience, we have express checkout lanes 
available to customers with a limited number of items.
Para sua comodidade, temos caixas rápidos disponíveis para 
clientes com número limitado de itens.
from Max Company.
Aqui é Mark, da Max Company.
Please, call me back to confirm.
Por favor, me ligue de volta para confirmar.
Miss you.
Saudades!
Tell me if it works for you.
Me diga está bem para você.
See ya!
Nos vemos!
Reach me any time from 9 a.m. to 4 p.m.
Me ligue a qualquer hora entre 9 da manhã e 4 da tarde.
This is Martha Williams.
Aqui é Martha Williams.
Call me when you hear this message.
Me ligue quando ouvir essa mensagem.
See you tomorrow!
Até amanhã!
Tell me if you are in.
Me diga se você está dentro. / Me diga se você topa.
Bye!
Tchau!
written on paper. Some people prefer written notes to digital messages for many 
reasons.
Whether it is a thank-you note, notes of appreciation, a congratulatory note, a welcoming note, a note 
of condolence, or a reminder note, a handwritten note shows that we took the time and effort to create 
something special and meaningful for the recipient.
Take a look at an example of a thank-you note:
• Short e-mails
Short e-mails usually contain four parts. It includes a subject line, that is, the topic of the e-mail; a 
salutation, which is the greeting; the body of the e-mail, which contains the message; and a closing, which 
can include a call to action and a sign-off. They can be neutral, formal, or informal, and require different 
approaches.
You will see ahead some examples of common expressions to use in different situations. However, keep in 
mind that the rest of the message will affect the register. It means that it is not because a certain greeting 
is commonly used in informal contexts that it cannot be used in neutral situations. It always depends on the 
entire context.
To start, we are going to take a look at elements that can be found in informal e-mails, such as a message 
to a friend or a family member. Always consider how close you are with the person to make the appropriate 
choice between sending an informal e-mail or keeping it more neutral.
Now, observe an example of a welcome note:
Thank you for the help!
You've really brightened a long, 
hard day at work.
Obrigado pela ajuda!
Você realmente iluminou um dia 
longo e dif ícil de trabalho.
A very warm welcome to you! It is 
lovely to have you among us!
I hope you enjoy your stay here.
Boas-vindas calorosas para você! É 
um prazer ter você entre nós!
Espero que você goste da sua 
estadia aqui.
with an informal context. Observe how the word choices 
and structures affect the register of the message:
Subject line
Salutation
Body of 
the e-mail
Closing with 
an informal 
sign-off
Subject: Hey, long time no see!
Hi, Liz!
I was looking at some old photos yesterday and came across that 
hilarious trip we took to the beach. Remember the boat incident? 
It’s been ages since we last met. How’s everything on your end? 
Job, family, adventures? Tell me everything!
Let’s not wait another eternity!
Take care!
Cindy
Assunto: Ei, quanto tempo!
Oi, Liz!
Estava olhando algumas fotos antigas ontem e me deparei com aquela 
viagem hilária que f izemos para a praia. Lembra do incidente do barco? Já 
faz muito tempo desde a última vez que nos encontramos. Como está tudo 
com você? Trabalho, família, aventuras? Conte-me tudo!
Não vamos esperar outra eternidade!
Se cuida!
Cindy.
difficulties.
Usado para se referir a algo que aconteceu depois de muito tempo e geralmente depois de algumas dif iculdades.
We finally got home at midnight.
Nós f inalmente chegamos em casa à meia-noite.
LASTLY
Por último
Used to present the last element of a series or list.
Usado para apresentar o último elemento de uma série ou lista.
We need some eggs, milk, sugar, and, lastly, a little flour.
Precisamos de alguns ovos, leite, açúcar e, por último, um pouco de farinha.
IN THE END
No final
Used to refer to a conclusion after a long process, after a lot of changes, or after a lot of discussion.
Usado para se referir a uma conclusão após um longo processo, após muitas mudanças ou após muita 
discussão.
In the end, after months of discussion, they bought our house.
No final, depois de meses de discussão, eles compraram a nossa casa.
is hard to f ind the right words.
Now take a look at a narration in which fillers are being used:
Tom Cruise is always impeccable, you know.
Tom Cruise está sempre impecável, sabe.
I was dying to see the new Mission Impossible movie. Tom Cruise is always impeccable, you know. 
So, I invited a friend, and we went together. She loves the franchise too. Well, it was fantastic! 
Excellent movie and company, I mean, it couldn’t have been better. Basically, a successful movie is 
all about a good plot and good actors. Can’t wait for the next.
Estava morrendo de vontade de ver o novo f ilme Missão Impossível. Tom Cruise está sempre 
impecável, você sabe. Então convidei uma amiga e fomos juntos. Ela adora a franquia também. Bem, foi 
fantástico! Excelente f ilme e companhia, quer dizer, não poderia ter sido melhor. Basicamente, um filme 
de sucesso se baseia em um bom enredo e bons atores. Mal posso esperar pelo próximo.
I mean, the concert was absolutely amazing!
Quer dizer, o show foi absolutamente incrível!
The task is, like, way harder than I thought.
A tarefa é, tipo, muito mais dif ícil do que eu pensava.
have done and wish you had not.
Some apologies may also include an expression of regret. Regret is the feeling of sadness about a mistake 
that you have made and a wish that things could have been different and better. For example:
I sincerely regret it.
Eu me arrependo sinceramente.
I’m ashamed of my behavior.
Eu estou envergonhado(a) do meu comportamento.
- How do you take your tea?
Como você toma seu chá?
- I beg your pardon. Can 
you repeat that?
Perdão. Você pode repetir?
- Your tea, ma’am. How do you take it? 
Seu chá, senhora. Como você toma?
- Can you turn down the TV volume, please?
Você pode diminuir o volume da TV, por favor?
- What was that?
Como?
- Turn down the volume! 
Diminua o volume!
- Brenda and Jared are getting a divorce.
A Brenda e o Jared vão se divorciar.
- Come again?
Como é que é?
- Brenda and Jared. I heard they’re
getting divorced.
A Brenda e o Jared. Eu ouvi dizer que eles 
estão se divorciando.
the weather:
How is the weather? / What is the weather like?
Como está o tempo?
What is the temperature like?
Como está a temperatura?
What is the weather forecast?
Qual é a previsão do tempo?
snow
nevar
drizzle
garoar
rain
chover
It’s raining!
Está chovendo!
It is snowing in New York right now.
Está nevando em Nova York agora.
We can also describe the weather using the following verbs:
- How’s the weather there?
Como está o clima aí?
- It’s a bit cold!
Está um pouco frio!
MBA (Master of Business 
Administration), and a doctorate degree, such as a PhD (Doctor of Philosophy) in Computer 
Science. They may work, mainly, in management positions.
Então, os estudantes podem escolher obter um título de mestre, como MBA (Mestre em Administração 
de Empresas) ou título de doutor, como PhD (Doutor em Filosofia) em Ciência da Computação. Eles 
poderão trabalhar, especialmente, em cargos de gerência.
In case students wish to become lawyers or doctors, they will go to Law School or Medical School. 
These are separate from the other courses due to the level of expertise required in these fields.
No caso dos estudantes desejarem se tornar advogados ou médicos, eles irão para a Faculdade 
de Direito ou Faculdade de Medicina. Essas são separadas dos outros cursos devido ao nível de 
especialização exigido para essas carreiras.
Post-doc programs are for the ones who pursue an academic career.
Os programas de pós-doc são para aqueles que buscam uma carreira acadêmica.
**This is a general view of the higher education system in both countries. 
There are specificities that have not been covered here.
Esta é uma visão geral da educação superior nos dois países. 
Há especif icidades que não foram abordadas aqui.
Alfred will pursue a doctor’s 
degree in engineering.
Alfred vai tentar um doutorado 
em engenharia.
Jacob has been awarded a 
doctor’s degree in agricultural 
economics.
Jacob recebeu o título de doutor 
em economia agrícola.
Actress Sigourney Weaver was given a master’s degree from Yale University in 1974.
A atriz Sigourney Weaver recebeu um título de mestre da Universidade de Yale em 1974.
mensal
tight/limited budget
orçamento apertado/limitado
Talking About 
Budget and 
Investments
cold or insensitive person.
This metaphor is used to refer to a person who stays up late at night, like an owl.
New York is a melting pot.
Nova York é um caldeirão cultural.
She is a night owl.
Ela é notívaga.
(Ela é uma coruja noturna.)
He has a heart of stone.
Ele tem um coração de pedra.
in which hyperbole is commonly used to emphasize the 
intensity of something:
um ar sábio e benevolente, 
apesar de suas presas nunca terem sido cortadas. Logo, os 
outros animais começaram a chegar e foram se acomodando, 
cada um do seu modo.
a title that indicates the process 
described, as for example “how to do something,” by using marks such as bullet points and numbers to 
describe the process step by step, as well as by using time connectors to show sequence and connect 
information, such as first, second, next, and then.
The structure of an instructional text is typically organized into sections or chapters, which may include 
illustrations, diagrams, or photographs to help the reader understand the instructions. It may also include 
tips and advice on how to complete the task or project besides instructions for getting started.
Look at an example of an instructional text:
This example gives us instructions on how to 
build a paper plane. Notice the characteristics 
of an instructional text, such as use of 
imperative form, step-by-step procedures, 
title indicating the action, the organization 
into two sections, material and how to build, 
and also the use of illustration.
to a destination like Orlando and its theme parks. When 
should I go? Which parks fit my family’s profile? Do I have to pay for any extras to get into the 
attractions more quickly? Is there any dining plan I can pay for in that park? And besides all that, 
you might also ask yourself if you need to rent a car 
(Check our Pros and cons of renting a car post).
One of the most frequently asked questions is about the specifics of each park and how to plan 
the day. So our tip is: check all the attractions of each park before deciding how long you want to 
spend in each one. Also, be aware of how quickly attractions get packed to 
decide which ones you should prioritize upon park opening.
Another point to be considered is if it is worth it for you to stay at Disney or Universal properties. 
The answer is: it depends. How long do you plan for each? And what are the 
benefits of staying on property? (Is it worth it to stay on property?)
Considering all this information, it is always good to have someone you can ask those questions 
to. Travel agents are a great time saver, especially with so many questions 
to be answered while planning your dream trip.
If you want to be updated about what is up in Orlando, just join our group by 
clicking on the link. We’ll be happy to have you here!
• Interpreting intention in texts
Many times, an opinion is not explicit in a text. It means you can identify the writer’s opinion followed by an 
implicit intention of convincing you of something, or maybe of selling you a product, or giving you a piece 
of advice. For example, in a travel magazine in which the writer is describing a travel destination, you might 
notice indications that the writer is actually giving their opinion on that place, or you can tell that the writer is 
actually trying to convince you about visiting that place, or maybe about hiring their services.
Observe an example:
with double meaning or the sound of words in 
that language.
Observe some examples:
This joke implies silliness by playing with two different meanings of a word. 
In this joke, you expect the bar to be a place to have a drink. However, it is being 
used with another meaning, that is, a long round piece of wood or metal—He 
broke his nose because he walked into a piece of metal or wood and hurt himself! 
As you can see, it does not make sense when translated into Portuguese.
The word fan can mean someone who admires and supports a person, for 
example, and it can also mean an electric device with blades that turn quickly, 
used to move the air around. The joke does not make sense in Portuguese 
because what makes it funny is the use of the double meaning of the word fan.
me mostre onde f ica o meu assento.
Advanced
Let’s see some examples with these nouns:
airport
aeroporto
gate
portão
ticket
passagem
passport
passaporte
carry-on luggage 
bagagem de mão
boarding pass
cartão de embarque
arrivals
chegadas
airplane/plane
avião
flight
voo
one-way ticket
passagem só de ida
bag/suitcase
mala
personal item
item pessoal
check-in counter
balcão de atendimento
departures
partidas
airline
companhia aérea
boarding pass
cartão de embarque
round-trip ticket
passagem de ida e volta
baggage/luggage
bagagem
checked baggage
bagagem despachada
self-service check-in kiosk
totem de autoatendimento
AT THE AIRPORT
Take a look at common nouns related to traveling by plane.
Observe the difference:
check-in (noun) = check-in (substantivo)
to check in (verb) = fazer o check-in (verbo)
My flight is at 9 a.m.
Meu voo é às 9h.
You can access your boarding pass online.
Você pode acessar seu cartão de 
embarque on-line.
embarcando nessa aventura, 
o conselho que te dou é que fuja de todas as 
armadilhas para turistas e vivencie o país como 
os locais fazem. Você pode se perder às vezes, e 
provavelmente aprenderá fazendo, mas as coisas 
vão f icar mais fáceis com o tempo.
Walmart?
Por favor, senhor. Qual é a melhor maneira 
de se chegar ao Walmart?
- Take Orange Avenue and go on for three 
blocks. It’s on the corner of Michigan Street.
Pegue a avenida Orange e continue por três 
quarteirões. Fica na esquina da rua Michigan.
- Excuse me. How can I get to the stadium?
Com licença. Como posso chegar ao estádio? 
- It’s two blocks away to your left.
Fica dois quarteirões à sua esquerda.
places, for example, in a restaurant.
washing machine
máquina de lavar
toilet
vaso sanitário
playroom
sala de jogos
study
sala de estudos
guest room
quarto de hóspedes
basement
porão
pantry
despensa
attic
sótão
office
escritório
clothesline
varal
bathtub
banheira
iron
ferro de passar
dryer
secadora
shower
chuveiro
steamer
vaporizador
mirror
espelho
laundry hamper
cesto de roupa suja
vacuum cleaner
aspirador de pó
The pantry can be a small room or a 
large cabinet to keep food. 
technician
técnico(a) de TI
secretary
secretário(a)
teacher
professor
For example:
Veterinarian is often 
referred to as vet.
In English, the word 
professor means 
college or university 
teacher.
Chocolate is not my thing.
Chocolate não é minha praia.
I’m all about rock’n’roll.
Eu gosto muito de rock.
Traveling abroad is my thing.
Viajar para fora é minha praia.
I’m not into horror movies.
Eu não gosto de f ilmes de horror.
I like mozzarella. 
Eu gosto de muçarela.
I don’t like waking up early.
Eu não gosto de acordar cedo.
I like to cook by myself.
Eu gosto de cozinhar sozinho.
I love coffee.
Eu amo café.
My daughter loves walking on the beach.
Minha f ilha ama caminhar na praia.
My siblings love to cook together.
Meus irmãos amam cozinhar juntos.
Verb complements after like can be 
either in the -ING form or the infinitive.
To love can also be translated as adorar 
in this context. Verb complements after 
to love can be either in the -ING form 
or the infinitive.
embarcando nessa aventura, 
o conselho que te dou é que fuja de todas as 
armadilhas para turistas e vivencie o país como 
os locais fazem. Você pode se perder às vezes, e 
provavelmente aprenderá fazendo, mas as coisas 
vão f icar mais fáceis com o tempo.
< voltar para o índice
Advanced
Now, let’s analyze the references:
- This kind of immersion: It is an anaphoric reference to the experience of moving and living abroad that 
was mentioned in the f irst paragraph.
- One of which: It is a cataphoric reference to the exposure to diverse cultures.
- It: It is an anaphoric reference to the immersion of moving and living abroad previously mentioned.
- This: It is a cataphoric reference to learning a new language.
- Some: It is an anaphoric reference to part of the people, which was mentioned in many people.
- Others: Another anaphoric reference to part of the people.
- This adventure: It is an anaphoric reference to moving and living abroad.
- The one advice: It is a cataphoric reference to abandon all of the tourist trappings and experience the 
country as the locals do.
• Time reference
Time expressions are used in a text to indicate when something happened, is happening, or will happen. 
They are important because, although verb forms can give us a perception of time in most cases, time 
expressions are necessary to give more details about when an action took or is taking place.
Observe the paragraph ahead, in which time expressions were used:
Over the past years, leadership has evolved 
significantly, shaped by the changing dynamics 
of society, technology, and global challenges. 
Just a few decades back, autocratic leadership 
was the most common leadership style, and 
managers made decisions with little to no input 
from their employees.
If we look at how leadership is defined 
nowadays, we can say it has become more 
flexible and adaptable, focused on the team’s 
engagement and collaboration. But what is 
expected from leaders in the near future?
Herminia Ibarra, from the London Business 
School, cites adaptability as a non-negotiable 
skill in company culture. Learning, innovation, 
and adaptability are essential in a company’s 
environment, as it prepares teams to deal with 
unexpected situations head on, looking for 
effective and creative solutions to challenges 
that may come.
Ao longo dos últimos anos, a liderança evoluiu 
signif icativamente, moldada pela dinâmica em 
constante mudança no que tange a sociedade, 
tecnologia e desafios globais. Algumas décadas 
atrás, liderança autocrática era o estilo de liderança 
mais comum, e gestores tomavam decisões 
com pouca ou nenhuma contribuição de seus 
funcionários.
Se olharmos para como a liderança é definida hoje 
em dia, podemos dizer que ela se tornou mais 
f lexível e adaptável, focada no engajamento e 
colaboração da equipe. Mas o que é esperado dos 
líderes em um futuro próximo?
Herminia Ibarra, da London Business School, 
cita adaptabilidade como uma habilidade não 
negociável na cultura corporativa. Aprendizado, 
inovação e adaptabilidade são essenciais no 
ambiente corporativo, pois prepara as equipes para 
lidar com situações inesperadas de cabeça erguida, 
buscando soluções efetivas e criativas para os 
desafios que possivelmente virão.
< voltar para o índice
Advanced
over time
com o passar do tempo
Our friendship dates back to the ’80s.
Nossa amizade começou nos anos 80.
The house was built back in 1989.
A casa foi construída em 1989.
He contacted me a while back.
Ele me contatou um tempo atrás.
over the last decade
na última década / ao longo da última década
over the summer
no verão / durante o verão
over lunch
no almoço / durante o almoço
over the weekend
no f im de semana / durante o f im de semana
The time expressions used were over the past years, just a few decades back, nowadays, and in the near 
future.
Over the past years and just a few decades back refer to the past time, nowadays refers to the present 
moment, and in the near future refers to a time in the future.
In the expression over the past years, over means during.
Observe some other expressions using over:
In the expression just a few decades back, the word back means ago, referring to a past time.
Now, take a look at other expressions using back:
This castle dates back to the end 
of the Middle Ages.
Esse castelo data do f im 
da Idade Média.
< voltar para o índice
Advanced
The expression nowadays was used to refer to the present time. Now, take a look at 
other expressions to refer to the present:
In the near future was used to refer to a moment that will take place soon in the future.
Now, observe some other expressions to refer to some time the future:
Notice that in the expression a few weeks from now, you can choose the period of time 
you want to indicate, such as: six months from now, two years from now, a week 
from now, etc.
The same happens with in a couple of months. You can say, for example: in a few 
months, in two months, in 10 years, and so on.
They are working on the project at the present moment.
Eles estão trabalhando no projeto no presente momento.
Right now, I’m focused on completing the tasks before the deadline.
Nesse momento, estou focado em completar as tarefas antes do prazo.
These days, people are talking more about sustainability.
Hoje em dia, as pessoas estão falando mais sobre sustentabilidade.
I’ll start my Spanish course soon.
Eu vou começar meu curso de espanhol em breve.
A few weeks from now, my parents will be traveling around Europe.
Daqui a algumas semanas, meus pais vão estar viajando pela Europa.
In the upcoming years, I’ll try to learn German.
Nos próximos anos, vou tentar aprender alemão.
In a couple of months, my sister will start her new project.
Daqui a alguns meses, minha irmã começará seu novo projeto.
Nowadays and these days have very similar 
meaning, but these days is considered more informal.
< voltar para o índice
Advanced
It is undeniable that social media has become 
part of people’s lives in several areas, from 
personal to business contexts. To many users, 
it has also become a primary source of news 
and information. However, social media 
has also raised important questions about 
wellbeing and mental health.
Although the majority of peoples’ use of social 
media is non-problematic, according to the 
Addiction Center, 5 to 10% of Americans are 
suffering from a social media addiction. Those 
are consumed by their need to engage on 
social networking sites, to the point it affects 
other areas of their lives. So, if you are having 
a hard time disconnecting for some time, it is 
important to, little by little, understand your 
urge for logging in and manage the time you 
spend on those sites.
Considering all this, is it possible to have a 
healthy relationship with social media?
In general, it depends on how and why you 
use it. Building a healthy relationship with 
it allows individuals to use the platforms to 
educate, inspire, foster empathy, and even 
deepen relationships. Also, it enables people 
to stay connected to family and friends 
worldwide and share new experiences.
É inegável que as redes sociais tenham se 
tornado parte da vida das pessoas em diversas 
áreas, de contextos pessoais a profissionais. 
Para muitos usuários, elas se tornaram uma 
fonte primária de notícias e informação. No 
entanto, as redes sociais também levantam 
questões importantes sobre bem-estar e saúde 
mental.
Embora o uso de redes pela maioria das 
pessoas não seja problemático, de acordo com 
o Addiction Center, 5 a 10% dos americanos 
sofrem de vício em redes sociais. Eles são 
consumidos pela necessidade de entrar em 
redes sociais a ponto de afetar outras áreas de 
suas vidas. Então, se você está tendo dif iculdade 
em desconectar por um tempo, é importante, 
pouco a pouco, entender seu anseio por logar e 
gerenciar o tempo que você passa nesses sites.
Considerando isso, é possível ter uma relação 
saudável com redes sociais?