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7 problems for major cities. Brazil’s “miracle years” were 
in the late 1960s and early 1970s when double digit-an-
nual growth rates were recorded and the structure
10 of the economy underwent rapid change. In the 1980s, 
however, Brazil’s economic performance was
poor in comparison with its potential. Annual Gross Do-
mestic Product
13 (GDP) growth only averaged 1.5 percent over the pe-
riod from 1980 to 1993. This reflected the economy’s ina-
bility to respond to
international events in the late 1970s and the 1980s: the 
second oil
16 shock; increase in international real interest rates; the 
Latin American external debt crisis and the ensuing cutoff 
of foreign credit and foreign
direct investment. This lack of responsiveness reflected 
the largely
19 inward-looking policy orientation that had been in 
place since the 1960s. Economic flexibility was further 
impaired by provisions of the
22 1988 Constitution, which introduced significant rigidi-
ties in budgeting
and public expenditure. An outcome of these pressures 
was a steady rise in the rate of inflation, which reached 
monthly rates of 50% by the
25 middle of 1994.
Internet: 
(with adaptations).
With the help of text VII, judge the following items.
For less than 12 years, annual GDP was below Brazil’s po-
tential.
( ) CERTO ( ) ERRADO
13. (BANCO DO BRASIL – ESCRITURÁRIO – CESPE – 
2002)
Text VII – questions 38 through 40
World Bank Brazil – country brief
1 With an estimated 167 million inhabitants, Brazil has 
the largest population in Latin America and ranks sixth 
in the world. The majority live in the south-central area, 
which includes industrial cities
4 such as São Paulo, Rio de Janeiro and Belo Horizonte. 
80% of the population now lives in urban areas. Rapid 
growth in the urban population has aided economic de-
velopment but also created serious
7 problems for major cities.
Brazil’s “miracle years” were in the late 1960s and early 
1970s when double digit-annual growth rates were re-
corded and the structure
10 of the economy underwent rapid change.
In the 1980s, however, Brazil’s economic performance 
was poor in comparison with its potential. Annual Gross 
Domestic Product
13 (GDP) growth only averaged 1.5 percent over the pe-
riod from 1980
to 1993. This reflected the economy’s inability to respond 
to
international events in the late 1970s and the 1980s: the 
second oil
16 shock; increase in international real interest rates; the 
Latin American
external debt crisis and the ensuing cutoff of foreign cre-
dit and foreign
direct investment. This lack of responsiveness reflected 
the largely
19 inward-looking policy orientation that had been in 
place since the
1960s.
Economic flexibility was further impaired by provisions 
of the
22 1988 Constitution, which introduced significant rigidi-
ties in budgeting
and public expenditure. An outcome of these pressures 
was a steady
rise in the rate of inflation, which reached monthly rates 
of 50% by the
25 middle of 1994.
Internet: 
(with adaptations).
Considering text VII, judge the items below.
Mexico population is not so large as the Brazilian one.
( ) CERTO ( ) ERRADO
14. (BANCO DO BRASIL – ESCRITURÁRIO – CESGRAN-
RIO – 2018)