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3 SCALES BOOK TWO Supp to Develo by Samuel Published For VIOLIN BASS VIOLA PIANO ACC. CELLO TEACHER'S MANUALManual Book II SCALES FOR STRINGS by SAMUEL APPLEBAUM To be used as supplementary studies to any string class method or as material to develop a string ensemble. FOREWORD The Belwin SCALES FOR STRINGS is to be used as supplementary material for any of the string class methods or as interesting training material for the development of a string orchestra. Authorities agree that scales are indispensable for the development of intonation and a sound left-hand technic. In this Scale book, the scales and arpeggios are presented in various rhythms and bowings. In Book II, the basic solid bowings (détaché and martelé) are used in all parts of the bow, as well as the wrist and finger bowing, the spiccato and staccato bowings. In each key there are melodies and rounds to be played in unison and with the class as a string ensemble. The melodies that represent each key are chosen because of their technical value and because they help to develop a sense of tonality in that particular key. Book II includes the major keys of C, G, D, A, F, Bb and Eb with their relative minors. The Violin and Viola are in the first and third positions. The Cello includes the first five posi- tions. The Bass includes the first seven positions. VIOLIN and VIOLA - In this book the scales are fingered according to the rhythmic patterns. When either the fourth finger or the open string is used, it is done to keep a rhythmic group on the same string. In this way, the pupil receives additional advantage in the development of the left hand. This does not apply, however, to the pieces where an easier fingering is frequently used for the purpose of clarity. THE SIGNS USED IN THIS BOOK means down-bow. V means up-bow. A note with a dot above or below means that the spiccato, or staccato bowing is to be used. A.M. means to play above the middle of the bow. U 1/2 and U 1/3 mean the upper half and upper third of the bow. B.M. means to play below the middle of the bow. L 1/2 and L 1/3 mean the lower half and lower third of the bow. W.B. means whole bow (this term is approximate). // means the bow is to be lifted. A comma means to leave a slight pause, with the bow remaining on the string - usually at the end of a phrase. P means soft. mp means moderately soft. pp means very soft. f means loud. mf means moderately loud. means very loud. cresc. or means gradually louder. dim. or means gradually softer. rit. means gradually slower. simile means that you are to continue in the same style of bowing. The small notes in the Violin and Viola parts are to be stopped by the fingers but not played. The finger is to be placed on two strings, for a smooth string change. This sign indicates that there is a half-step between the two notes. The letter P after a number indicates that there is a piano part for that melody. The letter t above a note means to test the note with the open string. Copyright 1962 (Renewed 1990) BELWIN MILLS PUBLISHING CORP. All Rights Assigned to and Controlled by WARNER BROS. PUBLICATIONS INC., Miami, FL 33014 International Copyright Secured Made in U.S.A. All Rights Reserved2 STUDENT'S BOOK - PAGE 2 THE KEY OF C MAJOR (Read aloud) Here is a C major scale. We call it a scale in C because it starts on C. Why is it a major scale? It is a major scale because there is a half step between the 3rd and 4th notes and the 7th and 8th notes. There are whole notes between the other notes. The C Major Scale (Memorize) Use the Détaché bowing - Practice in 3 ways: 1 W. - Whole bow 2 U 1/2 - Upper bow 3 L 1/2 - Lower half Violin 1 3 o 4 3 half half 1 14 3 3 14 step step Viola 3 3 Cello 2nd P. Bass 1st P. 1st P. 2 2 o 1 2 4 1 2 2 4 1 VIOLIN, VIOLA and CELLO - Here we have the C major scale starting on C an octave higher. The letter "t" above a note means to test the note with the open string. Leave the finger on the string while testing. Use the Martelé bowing - Practice in 3 ways: 1 W.B. 2 U 1/2 3 L 1/2 3rd P. 1st P. 1 4 2 1 14 2 3 4 14 4 4 14 4 2 24 1 o 4 2 1 2nd P. 1st P. E.L.1856STUDENT'S BOOK-PAGE 2 3 How To Build A Minor Scale (Read aloud) Every major scale has a minor scale that is related to it. If we start from the 6th step of any major scale and build another scale on that note we have a minor scale. This minor scale will be related to the major scale for two reasons: 1 We started from the 6th step of the major scale. 2 It has the same signature as the major scale. What is the 6th step of the C major scale? It is A. Now let us build a scale on this note A. Here it is - we call it the A minor scale because it starts on A. The A Minor Scale This minor scale is called the Natural Minor. Détaché - W.B. Violin 2 o 3 1 Viola 1 4 1 4 4 Cello 1 1 4 Cello 1 2 2 STUDENT'S BOOK PAGE 3 Now let us raise the 7th steps of this minor scale. It will now be called the Harmonic minor scale. Notice the 1 1/2 steps between the 6th and 7th notes. Détaché - W.B. (memorize) 3 o 11/2 o steps steps 1 4 4 1 4 3 4 1 2 4 2 1 o 1 2 2 4 2 2 3rd P. 2 1 1st P. 1st P.4 STUDENT'S BOOK - PAGE 3 Now let us raise the 6th and 7th steps on the way up and lower them on the way down. It will now be called the Melodic Minor Scale. The Melodic Minor Scale was developed in order to avoid the 1 1/2 steps between the 6th and 7th notes. Years ago the 1 1/2 steps were considered too awkward to sing. W.B. ( memorize) Violin 3 Viola 4 4 1 4 Cello 4 2 4 4 3 1 Bass 4 2 4 1 1 2 1 3rd P. 1st P. A Melody In The Key Of C Major A melody in the Key of C Major uses the notes that are in the C Major Scale. "P" means that there is a piano part for the melody. Gentle Winds Smoothly - in moderate time JOHN WYETH Violin V 3P 4 1 p Viola 4 1 o 4 3 Cello 2nd P. 1st P. , 4 2 4 2 4 1 1 1 1 2 1 Bass 2 1 o Piano , p E.L.1856STUDENT'S BOOK - PAGE 3 5 V 2 4 4 4 1 1 4 1st P. 2nd P. 4 4 2 2 1 2 4 2 4 2 1 2nd P. 1st P. 4 2 1 4 2 1 4 1 The C Major Scale Using The Detache Bowing Practice in 2 ways: 1 U 1/2 - Upper half 2 L 1/2 - Lower half. Violin 4 14 4 4 4 14 4 4 Viola an octave higher 4 3 4 Cello Bass 2 1 2 2 o simile W.B. U1/2 W.B. L1/2 4 2 2 1 4 2 F.L. 1856STUDENT'S BOOK-PAGE 4 6 A Melody In The Key Of A Minor A melody in the Key of A minor uses the notes that are in the A minor scale. My Homeland With intense feeling - in moderate time SLOVAK FOLK SONG Violin W.B. W.B. W.B. A.M. A.M. W.B. 5P 4 2 1 mf Viola 4 1 2 2nd P. 3rd P. Cello 1 2 4 3 1 3 4 3 1 3rd P. 1st P. 2nd P. Bass 4 1 4 1 2 2 4 1 4 4 Piano , mf , W.B. B.M. W.B. B.M. A.M. V B. W.B. W.B. 4 4 3 H 2 1 2 1st P. 2nd P. 6 2 1 2 1 4 2 2nd P. 1st P. 4 1 1 o , 6 E.L.1856STUDENT'S BOOK-PAGE - 4 7 The A Minor (Harmonic) Scale Using The Bowing Practice in 2 ways: 1 U 1/2 2 L 1/2 Violin 6 4 4 4 1 1 4 Viola 1 4 4 4 4 4 1 1 Cello 4 2 4 Bass 1/2P. 2 4 1 2 4 4 2 4 2 2 4 The A Minor (Melodic) Scale Using The Bowing Practice in 2 ways: 1 U 1/2 2 L 1/2 4 4 1 4 4 1 4 4 4 4 4 4 1 1 1 4 1 2 4 4 2 2 4 1 4 2 1/2 P. 1st P. 1/2P. 1st P. 4 1 2 1 2 1 2 1 1 2 o 1 The C Major Scale In Different Rhythms 2 octaves W.B. L1/3 W.B. simile 7 4 1 4 1 4 4 o 3 2 1 I 4 3 1 2 1 4 1 4 3 2nd P. 1st P. 2 4 2 1 E.L.18568 STUDENT'S BOOK - PAGE 4 Violin L1/3 W.B. 01/3 W.B. 3 Viola 4 1 3 4 Cello 3 Bass 2 4 2 1 A Round In The Key Of C Major Heigh - Ho With energy - moderately fast ONE THREE OLD ENGLISH ROUND IN FOUR PARTS Violin B.M. TWO A.M. FOUR W.B. V W.B. 8P 3 4 Viola 4 Cello 2nd P. 1st P. 4 2 4 2 1 4 1 Bass 4 o 1 Piano , STUDENT'S - PAGE 5 The A Minor Scale In Different Rhythms A minor (Harmonic) Draw the bow quickly on the down-bow. Draw the bow closer to the bridge for the slurred notes. Practice the next 2 lines in 2 ways: 1 2 L 1/2 9 4 4 1 4 4 2 2STUDENT'S BOOK- PAGE 5 9 Draw the bow quickly on the up-bow. Violin y Viola 4 4 4 1 Cello o 4 2 2 4 2 Bass 24 o 4 1 2 2 A minor (Melodic) U1/2 V 4 1 1 4 3 o 4 1 4 1 2 4 o 4 2 1st P. 1st P. 1 2 1 4 1 2 2 2 1 W.B. W.B. L1/3 simile y 4 4 4 4 2 3 4 4 3 4 o 4 3 I 23 2 3rd P. 1st P. 4 2 2 E.L.185610 STUDENT'S BOOK - PAGE 5 Violin W.B. W.B. V 4 Viola 2 4 4 o 3 1 2 3 2 13 2 3rd P. 5thP. 3rd P. 1st P. Bass 4 1 1 2 1 2 4 o 2 4 2 1 1 2 1 2nd P. Arpeggios Using The Martele Bowing C major - 2 octaves Practice the next 2 lines in 3 ways: 1 W.B. 2 U 1/2 3 L 1/2 10 2 3 4 2 1 3 2 4 3 4 2 4 2 P. 40 4 1 2 2nd P. 1st P. 2nd P. A minor - 2 octaves 4 4 2 3 4 1 2nd P. 3rd P. o 1st P.STUDENT'S BOOK - PAGE 6 11 Arpeggios In Different Rhythms C major Practice in 2 1 U 1/2 2 L 1/2 Violin 11 Viola Cello 3 Bass 4 4 Triplets - Practice in 2 ways: 1 2 L 1/3 3 4 2 3 3 3 3 3 3 4 3 3 3 3 3 4 o 4 A minor Practice the next 2 lines in 2 ways: 1 2 L 1/3 3 3 3 3 3 4 3 3 3 2 3 3 3 3STUDENT'S BOOK - PAGE 6 12 The Brook (String Ensemble) Smoothly - moderately slow (Key of C major) L. TOURJEE 1st Violin 12P 4 4 4 3 4 4 p 2nd Violin 1 Viola 4 2nd P. Cello 4 2 Bass 2 4 240 4 2 4 4 4 Piano V 4 3 4 4 o 3 2 o 1st P. 1st P. 4 2 3 4 2 4 4 2 1 4 2 1 2 4 o 4 2 4 4 2 2 4 4STUDENT'S BOOK-PAGE - 7 13 THE KEY OF G MAJOR When we play a major scale that starts on G, we sharp every F SO that there will be a half step between the 7th and 8th notes. Please remember that in order for the scale to be major, there must be a half step between the 3rd and 4th notes and the 7th and 8th notes. The G Major Scale (memorize) Use the Détaché bowing - Practice in 3 ways: 1 W.B. 2 U 1/2 3 L 1/3 an octave higher Violin 13 4 Viola Cello 1 1 4 1 4 4th P. 2nd P. 1st P. Bass 2nd P. 1st P. 2 2 2 4 2 1 4 2 o 4th P. o 6th P. 4th P. 2nd P. To build a minor scale that will be related to the G major, we start from the 6th note of the G major scale. The 6th note of the G major scale is E. This scale will now be called E minor. It is related to the G major scale because it has the same signature. The E Minor (Harmonic) Scale (memorize) Here the 7th step is raised on the way up and down. Détaché - Practice in 3 ways: 1 W. B. 2 U 1/2 3 L 1/2 14 4 4 4 1 4 3 1 3 2nd P. 2nd 2nd P. 1st P. 4 2 1 2 4 4 2 4 2 1 4 1 The E Minor (Melodic) Scale (memorize) Here the 6th and 7th steps are raised on the way up and lowered on the way down. Martelé - Practice in 3 ways: I W. B. 2 U 1/2 3 L 1/2 4 3rd 1st P. 3 2nd P. 1st P. E.L.1850STUDENT'S BOOK - PAGE 8 14 A Melody In The Key Of G Major Youppy - Ya In a carefree manner - in moderate time Violin COWBOY SONG V 15P 4 1 4 Viola 1 4 2nd P Cello 4 1st P. 2 4 2 1 2nd P. Bass 4 4 4 4th P. 1st Piano 3 4 4 4 4 4 3 4 4 4 o 4 2 4 2 1 3 2 4 o 3 pizz. E.L.1856STUDENT'S BOOK - PAGE 8 15 A Melody In The Key Of E Minor The Volga Boatman Sadly slowly RUSSIAN FOLK SONG Violin 16P 4 1 p Viola 1 4 1 4 4 4 4 Cello 3 3 Bass Piano P 4 4 4 p pp 1 o 4 4 4 416 STUDENT'S BOOK - PAGE 8 The G Major Scale In Different Rhythms Violin W.B. an octave higher 17 1 4 3 Viola 3 4 3 Cello 4 4 4th P. 1st P. Bass 2nd P. 2nd P. 1st P. 4 2 4 1 o 4 2 2 2 1 6th P. 4th P. 1 2nd P. 1st F P. W.B. 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 1 2 3 3 3 3 3 2 3 3 3 3 3 3 4 o 1 4 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 6 2 4 2 1 2414 o STUDENT'S BOOK - PAGE 9 A Round In The Key Of G Major We'll Sing This Round Lustily - in moderate time OLD ENGLISH ROUND IN THREE PARTS Violin ONE TWO THREE V 4 18P 4 1 4 Viola 4 4 4 Cello 3 4 Bass 6 PianoSTUDENT 9 17 The E Minor Scale In Different Rhythms E minor (Harmonic) Practice the next 2 lines in 2 1 U 1/3 2 1/3 Draw the bow quickly on the down-bow. - Violin Triplets 3 3 19 4 o 4 4 (or) 2 1 Viola 3 (or) 1 4 4 1 4 Cello 3 2 4 2 4 4 2nd P. Bass 3 4 4 1 4 4 1 4 1 4 1 1 1 1 1 4 1 Draw the bow quickly on the up-bow. 3 3 4 4 3 3 4 4 3 2 4 4 1 1 1 1 1 3 2 4 2 2 1 4 4 2 1 4 2 1 4 2 1 1 4 1 1 1 1 2 1 4 E minor (Melodic) W.B. U1/3 W.B. simile 3 3 V L1/3 4 2 3 4 4 4 4 4 1 3 3 4 3 P.18 STUDENT'S BOOK - PAGE 9 Violin W.B. Viola 13 3 3 Cello 3 3 Bass 3 4 4 3 simile 3 W.B. L1/3 4 3 3 3 4 1 3 3 4 2 Arpeggios Using The Martele Bowing G major - 2 octaves -Practice the next 2 lines in 3 ways: 1 W. B. 2 3 L 1/2 20 3 4 2 2 3 3 3 4 2 3rd P 3 1 4 3 3rd P. 1st P. D D D 4 5th P. o o E minor 4 3rd P. E.L.1856STUDENT'S 10 19 Arpeggios Using The Wrist And Finger Bowing Thisisas smooth Détaché using about 2 inches of bow with only the wrist and flexible fingers. G major -Practice the next four lines in 2 ways. 2 the frog 2 At the Violin 21 Viola Cello Bass 3 3 3 4 G o D D 4th P. 5th P. E minor 4 2 3 3 3 4th P. 3rd P.20 STUDENT'S BOOK - PAGE 10 Triumph (String Ensemble) Majestically in march time (Key of G major) 1st Violin C. GOUNOD 22P 2nd Violin Viola 4 4 Cello 4 o Bass Piano 4 4 4 4 3STUDENT'S BOOK-PAGE - 11 21 THE KEY OF D MAJOR When we play a major scale that starts on D, we sharp every F and C so that there will be a half step between the 3rd and 4th notes and the 7th and 8th notes. The D Major Scale (Memorize) Détaché - Practice in 3 ways: 1 W.B. 2 U 1/2 3 L 1/2 an octave higher Violin 23 3 4 Viola 3 Cello 2 4 Bass 41 24 3rd P. 4th P. To build a minor scale that will be related to the D major, we start from the 6th step of the D major scale. The 6th step of the D major scale is B. This scale will now be called B minor. It is related to the D major because it has the same signature. The B Minor (Harmonic) Scale (Memorize) Here the 7th step is raised on the way up and down. Détaché - Practice in 3 ways: 1 W. B. 2 U 1/2 3 L 1/2 24 4 3 3 2 2 3 4 2 The B Minor (Melodic) Scale (Memorize) Here the 6th and 7th steps are raised on the way up and lowered on the way down. Martelé - Practice in 3 ways: 1 W. B. 2 U 1/2 3 L 1/2 4 4 3 422 STUDENT'S BOOK - PAGE 12 A Melody In The Key Of D Major Galop With spirit fast J. OFFENBACH Violin 25P 4 4 Viola 1 4 4 Cello 1 3rd P. 1st P. Bass 4 2 4 1 1 Piano 1 2 4 4 4 4 4 4 E.STUDENT'S BOOK - PAGE 12 23 4 3 4 4 4 4 pizz. A Melody In The Key Of B Minor Ase's Death Sorrowfully . slowly Violin E. GRIEG V 26P 4 2 4 rit. pp Viola 4 4 Cello 2 4 2 2 2 3 1 Bass 4 2 4 Piano24 STUDENT'S BOOK - PAGE 12 The D Major Scale In Different Rhythms W.B. - 2 octaves 3 3 Violin 3 4 3 3 3 3 27 3 3 2 Viola 3 3 3 3 3 3 4 4 3 4 3 Cello 3 3 3 3 3 3 2 1 3 3 4 1 2 4 1 Bass 3 2 3 3 3 3 4 2 4110 2 1 3rd P. 3 3 W.B. 3 3 3 3 3 3 4 4 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 4 4 o 3 4 3 4 1 3 3 3 3 24 1 3 1 4 1 4 3 4 2 3 3 3 3 3 411 A Round In The Key Of D Major The Donkey ROUND IN THREE PARTS Gaily - in moderate time THREE Violin ONE TWO 4 28P 4 4 Viola, 4 4 4 4 4 o Cello 3 Bass Piano E.L.1856STUDENT'S BOOK - PAGE 13 25 The B Minor Scale In Different Bowings B minor (Harmonic) Practice the next 2 lines 2 ways: I U 1/2 2 L 1/2 Draw the bow quickly on the down-bow. Violin 29 4 1 4 4 4 Viola 1 2 14 1 2 4 Cello 2 4 o 3 4 1 4 4 3 2 Bass 2 4 o 4 2 4 Draw the bow quickly on the up-bow. 4 4 4 4 4 1 2 4 2 o 2 4 o 4 1 2 3 2 24 B minor (Melodic) Martelé - Practice in 2 ways: 1 U 1/3 2 L 1/3 4 1 2 2 1 2 o o 1 1 o 4 3 4 2 1 24 1/2P. E.26 STUDENT'S BOOK - PAGE 13 Détaché 1 11/3 L 1/3 Violin Cello Bass Wrist and finger bowing -Practice in 2 ways: 1 2 inches from the frog 2 At the middle. 3 6 2 4 Arpeggios In 16th Notes D major Play the next 2 lines with the Détaché bowing - 1/3 30 4 1 3rd P. 1st P. 4thP. B minorSTUDENT'S BOOK - PAGE 14 27 Arpeggios In Different Rhythms D major Violin 31 Viola Cello Bass 1st P. 4thP. W.B. W.B. B minor 2 3 328 STUDENT'S BOOK - PAGE 14 My Hero (String Ensemble) Strongly accented - - in moderate time (Key of D major) 1st Violin C. BURNEY V , y 2nd Violin f ff 4 4 Viola 4 Cello Bass Piano ff 4 1 rit. 4 4 2 2 1 1 1 o 2nd P. 1st P. 2 1 4 1 o 2nd P. 1st P. 4 2 o rit. E.L. 1856STUDENT'S BOOK - PAGE 15 29 THE KEY OF A MAJOR When we play a major scale that starts on A, we sharp every F, C and G SO that there will be a half step between the 3rd and 4th notes and the 7th and 8th notes. The A Major Scale (memorize) Détaché - Practice in 3 ways: 1 W.B. 2 U 1/2 3 L 1/2 Violin 33 4 1 4 4 Viola 4 1 4 4 4 Cello 4 4 2 2 4 1 Bass 1 3 4 1 2 4 1 4 2 41 3rd P. 7th P. 5th P. 3rd P. 1st P. 1st P. To build a minor scale that will be related to the A major, we start from the 6th step of the A major scale. The 6th step of the A major scale is F#. This scale will now be called F # minor. It is related to the A major because it has the same signature. The F# Minor (Harmonic) Scale (memorize) Here the 7th step is raised on the way up and down. - in 3 ways: 1 W.B. 2 U 1/2 3 L 1/2 1 34 (or) 4 4 3 2 3 2 2 3rd P. 2nd P. 1st P. 2nd P. 3rd P. e 4 1 3 2 4 3 1 4 3 4 1 3 4 3 3 1 1 4 2 2 4 1 1 4 1 4 3rd P. 3rd P. P. The F# Minor (Melodic) Scale (memorize) Here the 6th and 7th steps are raised on the way up and lowered on the way down. Martelé - Practice in 3 ways: 1 W.B. 2 U 1/2 3 L 1/2 4 2 3 2nd P. P. 3rd 2nd P 3rd P. 3 51/2P. 3rd P 1st P. E.L.1856STUDENT'S BOOK - PAGE 16 30 A Melody In The Key Of A Major Fairy Reel With spirit - fast IRISH DANCE Violin 35P 4 4 4 2 1 Viola 4 2nd P. 1st P. Cello 3 1 4 3 o 4 1 2 4 Bass Piano V 4 4 4 4 2 2 4 4 2 1 2 4 1STUDENT'S BOOK - PAGE 16 31 A Melody In The Key Of Minor God Rest Ye Merry, Gentlemen Joyously - moderately fast ENGLISH TRADITIONAL Violin V 36P 2 4 mf Viola 4 o 1 2 4 Cello 4 2 4 3 1 2 1 4 1 2 3 24 3rd 1st P. Bass Piano Chorus V V 4 2 4 2 4 rit. mf 4 2 4 2 4 3 4 2 3 4 2nd P. 4 4 232 STUDENT'S BOOK - - PAGE 16 The A Major Scale In Different Rhythms Violin W.B. - 2 octaves 37 14 4 Viola 1 4 o 3rd P. Cello 2 3 1 1 2 4 2 4 2 3rd P. Bass 4 2 2 1 1 7th P. 4 1 3rd P. 5th P. 51/2P. 1st P. 1 4 3 W.B. 3 3 3 3 3 3 4 4 3 4 4 3 3 3 3 3 3 4 2 o 4 3 3 3 3 3 3 1 24 1 42 42 3 3 3 3 4 1 1 4 A Round In The Key Of A Major The Hunt Spirited - moderately fast ROUND IN THREE PARTS ONE Violin TWO V 4 y 38P Viola Cello Bass 4 Piano 3rd P. P. E.L.185633 STUDENT'S BOOK-PAGE - 16 THREE 2 4 3 2 4 2nd P. 1 2 1 4 2 4 4 1st P. 3rd P. STUDENT'S BOOK-PAGE 17 The F# Minor Scale In Different Rhythms F# minor (Harmonic) Practice the next four lines in 2 ways: 1 U 1/2 2 L 1/2 Violin 39 4 4 4 4 2 Viola 4 2 4 t Cello 3 o 4 2 1 4 2 3rd P. 1st P. Bass 4 4 1 2 o 3 3 3 3 4 2 3 3 3 2 2 o o 3 3 3 2 3 1 3 4 4 2 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 1 2 4 2 2 43.1 STUDENT'S BOOK - PAGE 17 F# minor (Melodic) Violin Viola Cello 3 Bass 3 3 1st P. 3 3 3 3 3 3 Arpeggios With An 8th And Two 16th Notes A major W.B. B.M. simile 40 F# minor E.L.1856STUDENT'S BOOK - PAGE 18 35 Arpeggios In Different Rhythms Using The Wrist And Finger Bowing A major the next lines in 1 2 inches from the frog 2 the Violin 41 Viola Cello Bass 3 2 3 3 3 3 F# minor36 STUDENT'S BOOK - PAGE 18 When Evening Brings Rest (String Ensemble) Thoughtfully - moderately slow (Key of A major) F. MENDELSSOHN - BARTHOLDY 1st Violin V V 42P 4 2 2nd Violin P 4 Viola 4 4 4 Cello 3 Bass 1/2P. 1 4 2 Piano p p V 4 2 4 mf 4 1 3 4 1 1 1 2 1 1 1 4 2 2 4 1st P. 1st P. 2 2 o 1 4 1 2 1 4 4 1 4 mf E. L.1856STUDENT'S BOOK - PAGE 19 37 THE KEY OF F MAJOR When we play a major scale that starts on F, we flat every B SO that there will be a half step between the 3rd and 4th notes. The F Major Scale (memorize) Détaché - Practice in 3 ways: 1 W.B. 2 U 1/2 3 L 1/2 Violin 43 3 3 3 Viola 3 4 4 14 14 4 4 4 1 4 Cello 4 5th P. 3rd P. 3rd P. Bass 1st P. 2 4 2 4 2 1 2 1 1 To build a minor scale that will be related to the F major, we start from the 6th step of the F major scale. The 6th step of the F major scale is D. This scale will now be called D minor. It is related to the F major scale because it has the same signature. The D Minor (Harmonic) Scale (memorize) Here the 7th step is raised on the way up and down. Détaché - Practice in 3 ways: 1 W.B. 2 U 1/2 3 1/2 44 4 4 4 4 4 3 1 4 2 2 3rd P. 3 4 1st P. 1 2 o 1 2 24 24 2 2 The D Minor (Melodic) Scale (memorize) Here the 6th and 7th steps are raised on the way up and lowered on the way down. - Practice in 3 ways: 1 W. B. 2 U 1/2 3 L 1/2 4 4 3 4 3rd P 185638 STUDENT'S BOOK - PAGE 20 A Melody In The Kev Of F Major Listen To The Mocking Bird A. HAWTHORNE Distinctly - moderately slow simile Violin B.M. B.M. W.B. W.B. V A.M. B.M. W.B. 45P wrist 2 p p Viola 4 2 Cello Bass 2 2 Piano p 1 B.M. 2 V 1 2 wrist f 3 4 1/2 P. 4 1 4 1 p E.L. 1856STUDENT'S BOOK - PAGE 20 39 A Melody In The Key Of D Minor Waves Of The Danube G. IVANOVICI Tenderly in moderate time V Violin 1 3 3 4 46P (or) 1 2 2 3 p Viola 1 2 3 Cello Bass 4 2 Piano mf 1 V 2 3 dim. p 3 3rd P. 1st P. 2 3 3 4 dim. P40 STUDENT'S BOOK - PAGE 20 The F Major Scale In Different Rhythms Violin 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 47 4 4 3 3 3 Viola 2 2 3 3 3 3 Cello 2 3 2 3 3 3 3 3 Bass 2 4 2 4 4 4 o 3rd P. 5th P. 3rd P. 2 1/2 P. 1/2 P. 3 3 3 3 4 3 4 2 4 2 3 3 3 3 3 3 2 3 3 3 3 4 2 4 4 2 2 4 4142 A Round In The Key Of F Major Rise And Shine Playfully - moderately fast ROUND IN THREE PARTS Violin ONE TWO V V 1 2 4 4 (or) 3 4 spicc. 4 2 Viola 2 Cello 2nd P. 2 1 4 4 2 1st P. Bass , 4 4 4 4 Piano E.L.1856STUDENT'S BOOK - PAGE 20 2nd P. 4 STUDENT'S BOOK-PAGE - 21 The D Minor Scale Using The Spiccato Bowing D minor (Harmonic) Practice the next 4 lines about 4 inches from the frog. Use the wrist, striking the string from a height of about an inch. The fingers must be flexible. Violin 49 Viola 4 4 Cello 2 4 2 2nd P. Bass 1/2 P. 1 4 4 1 4 2 1st P.42 D minor (Melodic) Violin Viola Cello 1/2P. Bass 4 3rd P. Arpeggios With Detached Dotted 8th And 16th Notes F major Practice the next 2 lines in 2 ways: 1 2 L 1/3 50 2 2 o 4 3rd P. 2 1st P. 4th P. 4 4 D minorSTUDENT'S BOOK - PAGE 21 43 Arpeggios Using The Staccato Bowing F major This bowing is played above the middle of the bow. Each staccato note should be clearly articulated. Use the full width of the hair with as little bow as possible for the staccato notes. Violin 51 Viola 2 Cello 1st 1 2 3rd 4th P. Bass 4 STUDENT'S BOOK - PAGE 22 2 3 2 2 2 4 4 2 D minor 2 3rd P. 1st P. 2 214 STUDENT S BOOK - PAGE 22 Go Down, Moses (String Ensemble) With intense feeling - moderately slow (Key of D minor) 1st Violin SPIRITUAL V V V 52P 2nd Violin Viola Cello Bass Piano V 2 4 4 4 2 4 2nd P. 4 2 1STUDENT'S BOOK - PAGE 23 45 THE KEY OF Bb MAJOR When we play a major scale that starts on Bb, we flat every B and E SO that there will be a half step between the 3rd and 4th notes and the 7th and 8th notes. The Bb Major Scale (memorize) Détaché - Practice in 3 ways: 1 W.B. 2 1/2 3 L 1/2 Violin 53 3 2 Viola 3 2 Cello Bass 24 To build a minor scale that will be related to the Bb major, we start from the 6th step of the Bb major scale. The 6th step of the Bb major scale is G. This scale will now be called G minor. It is related to the Bb major scale because it has the same signature. The G Minor (Harmonic) Scale (memorize) Here the 7th step is raised on the way up and down. Détaché - Practice in 3 ways: 1 W.B. 2 U 1/2 3 L 1/2 an octave lower 54 1 2 4 3 2 1 3 4 3 4 4 1 3 4th P. 1st P. 1/2P. 2nd P. 4 2 2 o 2nd P. 31/2P. 6th P. 2nd P. 4 o 2 41 o 4 The G Minor (Melodic) Scale (memorize) Here the 6th and 7th steps are raised on the way up and lowered on the way down. Martelé - Practice in 3 ways: 1 W. B. 2 U 1/2 3 L 1/2 an octave lower 3 3 4 2 2nd 2 4 1 31/2P. 2nd P. 4 10 4 2nd P. 4 185646 STUDENT'S BOOK - PAGE 24 A Melody In The Of Bb Major Jolly Old Saint Nicholas Humorously - rather fast TRADITIONAL Violin B.M. A.M. B.M. A.M. W.B. V W.B. W.B. y W.B. 3 Viola 3 Cello 2nd P. 2 Bass 4 1/2 P. 2 3rd P. Piano V 3 3 1st 4 1 2 o 4 1 4STUDENT'S BOOK - PAGE 24 17 A Melody In The Key Of G Minor Adoration With dignity - in moderate time HEBREW MELODY Violin V V V 56P mf Viola Cello 2 Bass 1/2P. , 4 1 1 1 Piano V V 3 4 1st P. 2nd P 3 4 2nd 1st P. 4 4 E.L.185648 STUDENT'S BOOK - PAGE 24 The Major Scale In Dotted 8th And 16th Notes Practice the next 2 lines in 2 ways: 1 A.M. 2 B.M. Violin 57 4 14 4 14 Viola 4 2 14 Cello 2 2 Bass 1/2 P. 1 2 4 4 1 4 2 4 14 4 14 1 4 2 14 1/2 P. 2 24 4 2 1 A Round In The Key Of Bb Major Merrily, Merrily Gaily - moderately fast THREE ROUND IN FOUR PARTS TWO Violin ONE FOUR 58P Viola Cello Bass 4 4 Piano ,19 STUDENT'S BOOK-PAGE 25 The G Minor Scale In Different Bowings G minor (Harmonic) Martelé - Practice in 3 ways: 1 W.B. 2 1/2 3 L 1/2 Violin 59 3 1 4 2 1 4 Viola 3 1 2 4 1st P. Cello 1 3 4 Bass 4 o 1 1 2nd P. 31/2P. 6th P. 2nd P. 4 o 4 1st P. 1 4 1st P. 1/2 P. Détaché - Practice in 2 ways: 1 U 1/3 2 L 1/3 1 2 4 4 2 4 1 4 1 4 o 1 1 4 2 4 2 4 2 4 1 4 1 1 o 4 o 4 1 G minor (Melodic) Wrist and finger bowing - Practice in 2 ways: 1 2 inches from the frog 2 At the middle. 4 2 4 2 2nd P. 4 o 31/2P. 1 4 E.L.1856