Pronome Sujeito e Pronome Objeto

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<p>alfaconcursos.com.br</p><p>MUDE SUA VIDA!</p><p>1</p><p>SUMÁRIO</p><p>QUESTÕES SOBRE A AULA (ALT + 1) .................................................................................................................. 2</p><p>GABARITO .................................................................................................................................................... 20</p><p>QUESTÕES COMENTADAS ........................................................................................................................... 21</p><p>https://www.alfaconcursos.com.br/</p><p>alfaconcursos.com.br</p><p>MUDE SUA VIDA!</p><p>2</p><p>QUESTÕES SOBRE A AULA (ALT + 1)</p><p>1. Ano: 2015 Banca: CESPE Órgão: STJ – Analista Judiciário – conhecimentos gerais</p><p>Texto</p><p>Based on the text above, judge the following items.</p><p>In the first paragraph, the word “it” (l. 2 and 3) refers to “technology” (l.2) both in “when it</p><p>comes” (l.2) and in “it is more” (l.3).</p><p>( ) Certo ( )Errado</p><p>https://www.alfaconcursos.com.br/</p><p>alfaconcursos.com.br</p><p>MUDE SUA VIDA!</p><p>3</p><p>2. Ano: 2015 Banca: CESPE Órgão: Instituto Rio Branco Cargo: Diplomata – Prova 2</p><p>Texto</p><p>https://www.alfaconcursos.com.br/</p><p>https://www.qconcursos.com/questoes-de-concursos/questoes?discipline_ids%5B%5D=16&examining_board_ids%5B%5D=2&has_professor_commentaries=true&subject_ids%5B%5D=14119#question-542364-text</p><p>alfaconcursos.com.br</p><p>MUDE SUA VIDA!</p><p>4</p><p>In reference to the content of the text, its vocabulary and syntactic structure, decide</p><p>whether the following statements are right (C) or wrong (E).</p><p>In lines 4, 7 and 9, although with different syntactic functions, the word it refers to the</p><p>same thing: “the head of an enemy which swung from the rafters” (l. 3 and 4).</p><p>( ) Certo ( ) Errado</p><p>3. Ano: 2015 Banca: Cespe Órgão: STJ Cargo: Técnico Judiciário – Tecnologia da</p><p>Informação</p><p>Texto</p><p>Judge the following item concerning the ideas and the language used in the text above.</p><p>The words “their" ( 13) and “they" ( 14) refer, respectively, to “people" ( 13) and</p><p>“roles" ( 13).</p><p>( ) Certo ( ) Errado</p><p>https://www.alfaconcursos.com.br/</p><p>alfaconcursos.com.br</p><p>MUDE SUA VIDA!</p><p>5</p><p>4. Ano: 2015 Banca: Cespe Órgão: TCU Cargo: Auditor Federal de Controle Externo</p><p>Texto</p><p>Based on the text, judge the following items.</p><p>In the excerpt “it takes place before an action is carried out” (l. 38 and 39), the pronoun</p><p>“it” refers to “anticipatory tool” (l.38).</p><p>( ) Certo ( ) Errado</p><p>https://www.alfaconcursos.com.br/</p><p>alfaconcursos.com.br</p><p>MUDE SUA VIDA!</p><p>6</p><p>5. Ano: 2016 Banca: CESPE Órgão: FUNPRESP-JUD Cargo: Analista – Tecnologia da</p><p>Informação</p><p>Texto</p><p>In the text 5A5AAA,</p><p>“it” ( .9) refers to “network element” ( . 8 and 9).</p><p>( ) Certo ( ) Errado</p><p>https://www.alfaconcursos.com.br/</p><p>alfaconcursos.com.br</p><p>MUDE SUA VIDA!</p><p>7</p><p>6. Ano: 2013 Banca: Cespe Órgão: Instituto Rio Branco Cargo: Diplomata – Prova 2</p><p>Texto</p><p>In relation to the pronouns shown in bold in the text above, judge if the items below are</p><p>right (C) or wrong (E).</p><p>The pronoun “they” (l.13) refers to “Ideas” (l.11)</p><p>( ) Certo ( ) Errado</p><p>https://www.alfaconcursos.com.br/</p><p>alfaconcursos.com.br</p><p>MUDE SUA VIDA!</p><p>8</p><p>7. Ano: 2013 Banca: Cespe Órgão: Instituto Rio Branco Cargo: Diplomata – Prova 2</p><p>Texto</p><p>In relation to the pronouns shown in bold in the text above, judge if the items below are</p><p>right (C) or wrong (E).</p><p>The pronoun “It” (l.5) refers to “diplomacy” (l.2).</p><p>( ) Certo ( ) Errado</p><p>https://www.alfaconcursos.com.br/</p><p>alfaconcursos.com.br</p><p>MUDE SUA VIDA!</p><p>9</p><p>8. Ano: 2011 Banca: CESPE Órgão: SEDUC-AM Cargo: Professor – Inglês</p><p>Texto</p><p>The pronoun “they” (L.10) refers to “Most English teachers”.</p><p>( ) Certo ( ) Errado</p><p>9. Ano: 2013 Banca: Cespe Órgão: Instituto Rio Branco Cargo: Diplomata – Prova 2</p><p>Questão Adaptada</p><p>Texto</p><p>Nobel was an ardent advocate of arbitration, though not of disarmament, which he</p><p>thought a foolish demand for the present. He urged establishment of a tribunal and</p><p>agreement among nations for a one-year period of compulsory truce in any dispute. He</p><p>turned up in person, though incognito, at a Peace Congress in Bern in 1892 and told</p><p>Bertha von Suttner that if she could “inform me, convince me, I will do something great</p><p>for the cause”. The spark of friendship between them had been kept alive in</p><p>correspondence and an occasional visit over the years and he now wrote her that a new</p><p>era of violence seemed to be working itself up: “one hears in the distance its hollow</p><p>rumble already.” Two months later he wrote again, “I should like to dispose of my fortune</p><p>to found a prize to be awarded every five years” to the person who had contributed most</p><p>effectively to the peace of Europe. He thought that it should terminate after six awards,</p><p>“for if in thirty years society cannot be reformed we shall inevitably lapse into</p><p>barbarism”. Nobel brooded over the plan, embodied it in a will drawn in 1895 which</p><p>allowed man a little longer deadline, and died the following year.</p><p>Barbara Tuchman. The proud power. MacMillan Company, 1966, p. 233 (adapted)</p><p>In the text,</p><p>the pronoun “it” (l.15) refers to Nobel’s fortune.</p><p>( ) Certo ( ) Errado</p><p>https://www.alfaconcursos.com.br/</p><p>alfaconcursos.com.br</p><p>MUDE SUA VIDA!</p><p>10</p><p>10. Ano: 2008 Banca: CESPE Órgão: ABIN Cargo: Agente de Inteligência</p><p>Texto</p><p>The human cost of terrorism has been felt in virtually every corner of the globe. The</p><p>United Nations family has itself suffered tragic human loss as a result of violent terrorist</p><p>acts. The attack on its offices in Baghdad on 19 August 2003 claimed the lives of the</p><p>Special Representative of the Secretary-General, Sergio Vieira de Mello, and 21 other men</p><p>and women, and injured over 150 others, some very seriously. Terrorism clearly has a</p><p>very real and direct impact on human rights, with devastating consequences for the</p><p>enjoyment of the right to life, liberty and physical integrity of victims. In addition to these</p><p>individual costs, terrorism can destabilize governments, undermine civil society,</p><p>jeopardize peace and security, and threaten social and economic development. All of</p><p>these also have a real impact on the enjoyment of human rights. Security of the individual</p><p>is a basic human right and the protection of individuals is, accordingly, a fundamental</p><p>obligation of government. States therefore have an obligation to ensure the human rights</p><p>of their nationals and others by taking positive measures to protect them against the</p><p>threat of terrorist acts and bringing the perpetrators of such acts to justice. In recent</p><p>years, however, the measures adopted by States to counter terrorism have themselves</p><p>often posed serious challenges to human rights and the rule of law. Some States have</p><p>engaged in torture and other ill-treatment to counter terrorism, while the legal and</p><p>practical safeguards available to prevent torture, such as regular and independent</p><p>monitoring of detention centres have often been disregarded.</p><p>Internet: (adapted). According to the text above, judge the following items.</p><p>The pronoun "them" (l.20) refers to "the human rights of their nationals and others"</p><p>(l.19).</p><p>( ) Certo ( ) Errado</p><p>11. Ano: 2016 Banca: FCC Órgão: Metro-SP Cargo: Engenheiro de Segurança do Trabalho</p><p>Atenção: A questão refere-se ao texto abaixo.</p><p>Judges Push Brevity in Briefs, and Get a Torrent of Arguments</p><p>By ELIZABETH OLSON</p><p>OCT. 3, 2016</p><p>The Constitution of the United States clocks in at 4,543</p><p>android."</p><p>Tradução: (...) ciência comportamental e neurociência, e para avaliar a</p><p>atividade humana, precisamos implementar processos que a apoiam no Andróide".</p><p>Percebe-se que it- esta se referindo à atividade humana. Alternativa correta</p><p>e) The scientist thinks having a robot clone could ease his busy schedule: he</p><p>could dispatch it to classes and meetings and then teleconference through it.</p><p>Tradução: O cientista pensa que ter um clone de robô poderia aliviar sua</p><p>agenda lotada: ele poderia despachá-lo para aulas e reuniões e, em seguida,</p><p>fazer teleconferência através dele.</p><p>Percebe-se que it- esta se referindo ao robô. Alternativa errada</p><p>Resposta: D</p><p>https://www.alfaconcursos.com.br/</p><p>words. Yet a number of lawyers</p><p>contend that 14,000 words are barely enough to lay out their legal arguments.</p><p>That’s the maximum word count for briefs filed in federal appellate courts. For years,</p><p>judges have complained that too many briefs are repetitive and full of outmoded legal</p><p>jargon, and that they take up too much of their time.</p><p>A recent proposal to bring the limit down by 1,500 words unleashed an outcry among</p><p>lawyers.</p><p>Lawyers in criminal, environmental and securities law insisted that briefs’ lengths</p><p>should not be shortened because legal issues and statutes are more complex than ever</p><p>As a result, the new word limit − which takes effect on Dec. 1 − will be 13,500 words, a</p><p>reduction of only 500 words. And appellate judges will have the freedom to opt out of the</p><p>limits.</p><p>The new limit may not provide much relief for judges deluged with verbose briefs.</p><p>https://www.alfaconcursos.com.br/</p><p>alfaconcursos.com.br</p><p>MUDE SUA VIDA!</p><p>11</p><p>While workloads vary, according to federal court data, the average federal appeals</p><p>court judge, for example, might need to read filings for around 1,200 cases annually.</p><p>That amount of reading − especially bad reading − can thin the patience of even the</p><p>most diligent judge.</p><p>Briefs “are too long to be persuasive,” said Laurence H. Silberman, a judge on the United</p><p>States Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia Circuit</p><p>In arguing against a reduction of words, the American Academy of Appellate Lawyers</p><p>urged singling out “bad briefs” rather than only lengthy ones. It advised courts to “post</p><p>on their court websites short videos outlining how to write a decent brief.”</p><p>Robert N. Markle, a federal appellate lawyer, has argued − in his own personal view,</p><p>not the government’s − that the limit should be reduced to 10,000 words. In a typical</p><p>case, he said, “nothing justifies even approaching, much less reaching or exceeding</p><p>14,000 words.”</p><p>Still, he acknowledged that the cut of 500 words “was at least a start.”</p><p>(Adapted from http://www.nytimes.com/2016/10/04/business/dealbook/judges-</p><p>push-brevity-in-briefs-and-get-a-torrent-of-arguments. html?_r=0)</p><p>No trecho they take up too much of their time, os pronomes they e their referem-se,</p><p>respectivamente, a:</p><p>a) briefs – federal appellate courts.</p><p>b) judges – federal appellate courts.</p><p>c) briefs – judges.</p><p>d) judges – briefs.</p><p>e) federal appellate courts – judges.</p><p>12. Ano: 2011 Banca: FEPESE Órgão: CASAN Cargo: Psicólogo</p><p>As palavras "We" e "Our" estão sendo usadas no texto como:</p><p>https://www.alfaconcursos.com.br/</p><p>alfaconcursos.com.br</p><p>MUDE SUA VIDA!</p><p>12</p><p>a) Subject pronoun and relative pronoun.</p><p>b) Object pronoun and personal pronoun.</p><p>c) Object pronoun and possessive pronoun.</p><p>d) Subject pronoun and possessive adjective.</p><p>e) Subject adjective and possessive adjective.</p><p>13. Ano; 2017 Banca: IFB Órgão: IFB Cargo – Professor – Português/ Inglês</p><p>Read the text about Nobel Prize for the question.</p><p>https://www.alfaconcursos.com.br/</p><p>alfaconcursos.com.br</p><p>MUDE SUA VIDA!</p><p>13</p><p>Based on the article, it is correct to affirm that the pronouns “it” (l.2), “it” (l.14), and</p><p>“he” (l.23), RESPECTIVELY, refer to:</p><p>a) “I’m not There”, “Bob Dylan’s absence” and “Daniel Sandstrom”.</p><p>b) “I’m not There”, “Bob Dylan’s absence” and “the publisher Albert Bonniers”.</p><p>c) “Bob Dylan’s elusiveness”, “Bob Dylan’s unpredictability” and “Daniel Sandstrom”.</p><p>d) “Bob Dylan’s elusiveness”, “Bob Dylan’s absence” and “the publisher Albert Bonniers”.</p><p>e) “the title of a 2007 movie”, “Bob Dylan’s unpredictability” and “the publisher Albert</p><p>Bonniers”.</p><p>14. Ano: 2013 Banca: CESPE Órgão: SEDUC-CE Cargo: Professor I – Língua Inglesa</p><p>Texto abaixo</p><p>In “But over the years as I’ve gotten to know her better” (ℓ.7) “I” and “her” are respectively</p><p>a) a relative pronoun and a subject pronoun.</p><p>b) an object pronoun and a subject pronoun.</p><p>c) a subject pronoun and an object pronoun.</p><p>d) a possessive pronoun and a subjective pronoun.</p><p>e) an object pronoun and a possessive pronoun.</p><p>https://www.alfaconcursos.com.br/</p><p>alfaconcursos.com.br</p><p>MUDE SUA VIDA!</p><p>14</p><p>15. Ano: 2016 Banca: FGV Órgão; MRE Cargo: Oficial de Chancelaria</p><p>TEXT I</p><p>How music is the real language of political diplomacy</p><p>Forget guns and bombs, it is the power of melody that has changed the world</p><p>Marie Zawisza</p><p>Saturday 31 October 2015 10.00 GMT</p><p>Last modified on Tuesday 10 November 201513.19 GMT</p><p>An old man plays his cello at the foot of a crumbling wall. The notes of the sarabande of</p><p>Bach’s Suite No 2 rise in the cold air, praising God for the “miracle” of the fall of the Berlin</p><p>Wall, as Mstislav Rostropovich later put it. The photograph is seen around the world. The</p><p>date is 11 November 1989, and the Russian virtuoso is marching to the beat of history.</p><p>Publicity stunt or political act? No doubt a bit of both – and proof, in any case, that music</p><p>can have a political dimension. Yo-Yo Ma showed as much in September when the cellist</p><p>opened the new season of the Philharmonie de Paris with the Boston Symphony</p><p>Orchestra. As a “messenger of peace” for the United Nations, the Chinese American is the</p><p>founder of Silk Road Project, which trains young musicians from a variety of cultures to</p><p>listen to and improvise with each other and develop a common repertoire. “In this way,</p><p>musicians create a dialogue and arrive at common policies,” says analyst Frédéric Ramel,</p><p>a professor at the Institut d’Études Politiques in Paris. By having music take the place of</p><p>speeches and peace talks, the hope is that it will succeed where diplomacy has failed.[…]</p><p>Curiously, the study of the role of music in international relations is still in its infancy.</p><p>“Historians must have long seen it as something fanciful, because history has long been</p><p>dominated by interpretations that stress economic, social and political factors,” says</p><p>Anaïs Fléchet, a lecturer in contemporary history at the Université de Versailles-St-</p><p>Quentin and co-editor of a book about music and globalisation.</p><p>“As for musicologists,” she adds, “until quite recently they were more interested in</p><p>analysing musical scores than the actual context in which these were produced and how</p><p>they were received.” In the 1990s came a cultural shift. Scholars were no longer</p><p>interested solely in “hard power” – that is, in the balance of powers and in geopolitics –</p><p>but also in “soft power”, where political issues are resolved by mutual support rather</p><p>than force. […]</p><p>https://www.alfaconcursos.com.br/</p><p>alfaconcursos.com.br</p><p>MUDE SUA VIDA!</p><p>15</p><p>Gilberto Gil sings while then UN secretary general Kofi Annan plays percussion at a</p><p>September 2003 concert at the UN headquarters honouring those killed by a bomb at a</p><p>UN office in Baghdad a month earlier. Photograph: Zuma/Alamy</p><p>Since then, every embassy has a cultural attaché. The US engages in “audio diplomacy”</p><p>by financing hip-hop festivals in the Middle East. China promotes opera in neighbouring</p><p>states to project an image of harmony. Brazil has invested in culture to assert itself as a</p><p>leader in Latin America, notably by establishing close collaboration between its</p><p>ministries of foreign affairs and culture; musician Gilberto Gil was culture minister</p><p>during Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva᾽s presidency from 2003 to 2008. He was involved in</p><p>France’s Year of Brazil. As Fléchet recalls, “the free concert he gave on 13 July, 2005 at</p><p>the Place de la Bastille was the pinnacle. That day, he sang La Marseillaise in the presence</p><p>of presidents Lula and Jacques Chirac.” Two years earlier, in September 2003, Gil sang at</p><p>the UN in honour of the victims of the 19 August bombing of the UN headquartes in</p><p>Baghdad. He was delivering a message of peace, criticising the war on Iraq by the US:</p><p>“There is no point in preaching security without giving a thought to respecting others,”</p><p>he told his audience. Closing the concert, he invited then UN secretary</p><p>general Kofi Annan</p><p>on stage for a surprise appearance as a percussionist. “This highly symbolic image, which</p><p>highlighted the conviction that culture can play a role in bringing people together, shows</p><p>how music can become a political language,” Fléchet says.</p><p>(adapted from http://www.theguardian.com/music/2015/oct/31 /music-language-</p><p>human-rights-political-diplomacy)</p><p>In the sentence “Gilberto Gil sings while then UN secretary general Kofi Annan plays”, the</p><p>word “then” means:</p><p>a) late;</p><p>b) former;</p><p>c) recent;</p><p>d) deceased;</p><p>e) reinstated.</p><p>16. Ano: 2016 Banca: ESAF Órgão: ANAC Cargo: Analista Administrativo</p><p>Text2</p><p>The advantage</p><p>1 CARE Acquiring a new aircraft is already a complex enough process. Acquiring a pre-</p><p>owned aircraft can be an even more challenging task. The industry has its fair share of</p><p>brokers and experts all willing to offer you the best deal in town but, regrettably, once</p><p>you have signed and the aircraft is delivered, they tend to vanish as they move onto the</p><p>https://www.alfaconcursos.com.br/</p><p>alfaconcursos.com.br</p><p>MUDE SUA VIDA!</p><p>16</p><p>next deal. Our philosophy is very different. Every Embraer aircraft we lease has passed</p><p>through our own Embraer facilities. Every aircraft is treated with a level of service and</p><p>care that can only come from those who built them in the first place.</p><p>2 SUPPORT In choosing one of our pre-owned aircraft, all of our customers share a</p><p>common goal: to ensure that the aircraft delivered perform seamlessly from day one and</p><p>continue to perform for many years to come. In response to this, we offer the Lifetime</p><p>Program by Embraer. This program represents a first in the industry and is the result of</p><p>a very detailed review between ECC and Embraer on how best to support our customers.</p><p>The Lifetime Program is unique to pre-owned Embraer aircraft and offers a wide range</p><p>of services from startup through operation.</p><p>3 RELIABLE So when an ECC pre-owned aircraft is offered for delivery to its new home</p><p>you can rest assured that it will provide many years of happy, reliable service. Our focus</p><p>does not end there since we value the relationships we build with our customers. Our</p><p>Lifetime Program is testament to this. This is a unique and new service from Embraer to</p><p>support our used aircraft. We invite you to learn, in greater detail, how it will not only</p><p>enhance your operation, but also keep your Chief Financial Officer happy. Transparency</p><p>in costs and flexibility in adapting to your needs. It is our way of showing that every</p><p>Embraer aircraft we offer has our seal of approval. Coming from the manufacturer, that's</p><p>no small thing.</p><p>Source: http://www.eccleasing.com/Pages/fator.aspx [slightly adapted]</p><p>The pronoun 'they' occurs twice in #1 line 6, referring to</p><p>a) challenging tasks.</p><p>b) signed contracts.</p><p>c) aircraft.</p><p>d) bargains.</p><p>e) dealers.</p><p>17. Ano: 2015 Banca: NC-UFPR Órgão: COPEL Carga: Analista de Sistemas Júnior</p><p>Design Patterns</p><p>A design pattern is often posed as a question: how do we solve some design problem?</p><p>However a design problem is, by its nature, nonspecific, and rarely has a single straight-</p><p>forward answer. There might be several ways to solve the same problem, some better</p><p>than others depending on the specific situation and the specific context of the problem.</p><p>A design pattern is intended to share not just solutions but a better understanding of both</p><p>the problem and how it might be solved. Firstly, patterns have a well-defined structure.</p><p>This consistent layout makes it easy to browse through a collection of patterns to find</p><p>relevant help and then dive further into the material. The structure encourages the</p><p>author of the pattern to think carefully about the knowledge they're sharing, whilst</p><p>making the material more consistently accessible to a reader.</p><p>(http://www.cambridgesemantics.com/semantic-university/semantic-web-design-</p><p>patterns)</p><p>Na expressão: “… how it might be solved…”, a palavra sublinhada refere-se a:</p><p>a) solution.</p><p>b) a better understanding.</p><p>c) design.</p><p>d) problem.</p><p>e) specific context.</p><p>https://www.alfaconcursos.com.br/</p><p>alfaconcursos.com.br</p><p>MUDE SUA VIDA!</p><p>17</p><p>18. Ano: 2014 Banca: FCC Órgão: AL-PE Cargo: Analista Legislativo – Direito</p><p>Texto</p><p>House Approves Higher Debt Limit Without Condition</p><p>By JONATHAN WEISMAN and ASHLEY PARKER</p><p>Feb. 11, 2014</p><p>WASHINGTON - Ending three years of brinkmanship in which the threat of a</p><p>devastating default on the nation’s debt was used to wring conservative concessions</p><p>from President Obama, the House on Tuesday voted to raise the government’s borrowing</p><p>limit until March 2015, without any conditions.</p><p>The vote - 221 to 201 - relied almost entirely on Democrats in the Republican-</p><p>controlled House to carry the measure and represented the first debt ceiling increase</p><p>since 2009 that was not attached to other legislation. Only 28 Republicans voted yes, and</p><p>only two Democrats voted no.</p><p>Simply by holding the vote, Speaker John A. Boehner of Ohio effectively ended a three-</p><p>year Tea Party-inspired era of budget showdowns that had raised the threat of default</p><p>and government shutdowns, rattled economic confidence and brought serious scrutiny</p><p>from other nations questioning Washington’s ability to govern. In the process, though,</p><p>Mr. Boehner also set off a series of reprisals from fellow Republican congressmen and</p><p>outside groups that showcased the party’s deep internal divisions.</p><p>During the October 2013 government shutdown, The Times’s David Leonhardt</p><p>explained the debt limit and how a failure to raise it could have affected the economy</p><p>both at home and abroad.</p><p>“He gave the president exactly what he wanted, which is exactly what the Republican</p><p>Party said we did not want,” said a Republican representative, Tim Huelskamp of Kansas,</p><p>who last year unsuccessfully tried to rally enough support to derail Mr. Boehner’s re-</p><p>election as speaker. “It’s going to really demoralize the base.”</p><p>The vote was a victory for President Obama, Democrats and those Senate Republicans</p><p>who have argued that spending money for previously incurred obligations was essential</p><p>for the financial standing of the federal government. “Tonight’s vote is a positive step in</p><p>moving away from the political brinkmanship that’s a needless drag on our economy,”</p><p>Jay Carney, the White House press secretary, said in a statement.</p><p>“A clean debt ceiling is a complete capitulation on the speaker’s part and</p><p>demonstrates that he has lost the ability to lead the House of Representatives, let alone</p><p>his own party,” said Jenny Beth Martin, co-founder of the Tea Party Patriots. “It is time</p><p>for him to go.”</p><p>Senator Harry Reid of Nevada, the majority leader, commended the speaker and</p><p>promised to pass the bill as soon as possible. “We’re happy to see the House is legislating</p><p>the way they should have legislated for a long time,” he said.</p><p>(Adapted from http://www.nytimes.com/2014/02/12/us/politics/ boehner-</p><p>to-bring-debt- ceiling-to-vote-without-policy-</p><p>attachments.html?nl=todaysheadlines&emc=edit_th_2014021 2&_r=0)</p><p>No texto, o pronome sublinhado he refere-se a</p><p>a) the president.</p><p>b) Republican Party.</p><p>c) Tim Huelskamp .</p><p>d) Mr. Boehner.</p><p>e) David Leonhardt.</p><p>https://www.alfaconcursos.com.br/</p><p>alfaconcursos.com.br</p><p>MUDE SUA VIDA!</p><p>18</p><p>19. Ano: 2014 Banca: IESES Órgão: APSFS Cargo: Agente de Guarda Portuária</p><p>Complete o texto a seguir com os pronomes mais adequados.</p><p>This is Mark. ______ is a good friend of mine.</p><p>That is Paula, _____ is his girlfriend. Mark and Paula are from Germany. _____ are german.</p><p>I live with my brother and ___ have a pet. ____ is a dog called Otto.</p><p>A sequência correta é:</p><p>a) he - she - they - we - it</p><p>b) we - it - she - it - he</p><p>c) it - she - they - he - we</p><p>d) she - he - we - they – it</p><p>20. Ano: 2006 Banca: CESGRANRIO Órgão: DECEA Cargo: DECEA – Técnico de Defesa Aérea</p><p>e Controle de Tráfego Aéreo – Análise de Sistemas.</p><p>Texto</p><p>Repliee is more</p><p>than a humanoid robot ? it is an</p><p>honest-to-goodness android, so lifelike that it seems like</p><p>a real person. It has moist lips, glossy hair and vivid</p><p>eyes that blink slowly. Seated on a stool with hands</p><p>5 folded primly on its lap at the 2005 World Exposition in</p><p>Japan's Aichi prefecture, it wore a bright pink blazer and</p><p>gray slacks. For a mesmerizing few seconds from several</p><p>meters away, Repliee was virtually indistinguishable from</p><p>an ordinary woman in her 30s. In fact, it was a copy of</p><p>10 one.</p><p>Japan is proud of the most advanced humanoids in</p><p>the world, which are expected to eventually be used as</p><p>the workforce diminishes among the decreasing and aging</p><p>population. But why build a robot with pigmented silicone</p><p>15 skin, smooth gestures and even makeup? To Repliee's</p><p>creator, Hiroshi Ishiguro, Director of Osaka University's</p><p>Intelligent Robotics Laboratory, the answer is simple:</p><p>"Android science."</p><p>Besides the justification for making robots</p><p>20 anthropomorphic and bipedal so they can work in human</p><p>environments with architectural features such as stairs,</p><p>Ishiguro believes that people respond better to very</p><p>humanlike automatons. Androids can thus elicit the most</p><p>natural communication. "Appearance is very important</p><p>25 to have better interpersonal relationships with a robot,"</p><p>says the 42-year-old Ishiguro. "Robots are information</p><p>media, especially humanoid robots. Their main role in</p><p>our future is to interact naturally with people."</p><p>Mild colorblindness forced Ishiguro to abandon his</p><p>30 aspirations of a career as an oil painter. Drawn to</p><p>computer and robot vision instead, he built a guide robot</p><p>for the blind as an undergraduate at the University of</p><p>Yamanashi. A fan of the android character Data from the</p><p>Star Trek franchise, he sees robots as the ideal vehicle</p><p>https://www.alfaconcursos.com.br/</p><p>alfaconcursos.com.br</p><p>MUDE SUA VIDA!</p><p>19</p><p>35 to understand more about ourselves.</p><p>To imitate human looks and behavior successfully,</p><p>Ishiguro combines robotics with cognitive science. In turn,</p><p>cognitive science research can use the robot to study</p><p>human perception, communication and other faculties.</p><p>40 This novel cross-fertilization is what Ishiguro describes</p><p>as android science. In a 2005 paper, he and his</p><p>collaborators explained it thus: "To make the android</p><p>humanlike, we must investigate human activity from the</p><p>standpoint of cognitive science, behavioral science and</p><p>45 neuroscience, and to evaluate human activity, we need</p><p>to implement processes that support it in the android."</p><p>One key strategy in Ishiguro's approach is to model</p><p>his artificial creations on real people. He began research</p><p>four years ago with his then four-year-old daughter,</p><p>50 casting a rudimentary android from her body, but its</p><p>mechanisms resulted in strange, unnatural motion.</p><p>Humanlike robots run the risk of compromising</p><p>people's comfort zones. Because the android's</p><p>appearance is very similar to that of a human, any subtle</p><p>55 differences in motion and responses will make it seem</p><p>strange. Repliee, though, is so lifelike that it has</p><p>overcome the creepiness factor, partly because of the</p><p>natural way it moves.</p><p>Ishiguro wants his next android, a male, to be as</p><p>60 authentic as possible. The model? Himself. The scientist</p><p>thinks having a robot clone could ease his busy schedule:</p><p>he could dispatch it to classes and meetings and then</p><p>teleconference through it. "My question has always been,</p><p>Why are we living, and what is human?" he says. An</p><p>65 Ishiguro made of circuitry and silicone might soon be</p><p>answering his own questions.</p><p>adapted from www.scientificamerican.com - May 2006</p><p>Check the only correct statement concerning reference.</p><p>a) "It" (line 3) - "person"</p><p>b) "one" (line 10) - "robot".</p><p>c) "he" (line 34) - "character".</p><p>d) "it (line 46) - "activity".</p><p>e) "it" (line 62) - "schedule".</p><p>https://www.alfaconcursos.com.br/</p><p>alfaconcursos.com.br</p><p>MUDE SUA VIDA!</p><p>20</p><p>GABARITO</p><p>1. Errado</p><p>2. Certo</p><p>3. Errado</p><p>4. Errado</p><p>5. Errado</p><p>6. Certo</p><p>7. Certo</p><p>8. Certo</p><p>9. Errado</p><p>10. Certo</p><p>11. C</p><p>12. D</p><p>13. A</p><p>14. C</p><p>15. B</p><p>16. E</p><p>17. D</p><p>18. A</p><p>19. A</p><p>20. D</p><p>https://www.alfaconcursos.com.br/</p><p>alfaconcursos.com.br</p><p>MUDE SUA VIDA!</p><p>21</p><p>QUESTÕES COMENTADAS</p><p>1. Ano: 2015 Banca: CESPE Órgão: STJ – Analista Judiciário – conhecimentos gerais</p><p>Texto</p><p>Based on the text above, judge the following items.</p><p>In the first paragraph, the word “it” (l. 2 and 3) refers to “technology” (l.2) both in “when it</p><p>comes” (l.2) and in “it is more” (l.3).</p><p>( ) Certo ( )Errado</p><p>SOLUÇÃO RÁPIDA</p><p>A resposta torna-se errada porque “It is more” (l.3), o “it” é um sujeito (3ª</p><p>pessoa do singular), que ao traduzir a frase nem aparece, portanto não está se</p><p>referindo a tecnologia.</p><p>SOLUÇÃO COMPLETA</p><p>The business world has indeed left the legal world behind when it comes to</p><p>usindo technology is that it is more cost effective to share and store information</p><p>digitally.</p><p>Tradução: O mundo dos negócios tem, efetivamente, deixado o mundo jurídico</p><p>para trás quando se trata de usar tecnologia. Muitas vezes, a razão pela qual as</p><p>empresas tem passado a usar tecnologia é que é mais efetivo compartilhar e</p><p>armazenar informações digitalmente.</p><p>Esta questão pergunta se o “it” (presentes nas linhas 2 e 3) está se referindo a</p><p>tecnologia tanto “when it comes” (quando se trata) tanto em “It’s more” (Que é</p><p>mais).</p><p>O “It’s more” não se refere à tecnologia, portanto deve-se marcar: errada.</p><p>Resposta: Errada.</p><p>https://www.alfaconcursos.com.br/</p><p>alfaconcursos.com.br</p><p>MUDE SUA VIDA!</p><p>22</p><p>2. Ano: 2015 Banca: CESPE Órgão: Instituto Rio Branco Cargo: Diplomata – Prova 2</p><p>Texto</p><p>https://www.alfaconcursos.com.br/</p><p>https://www.qconcursos.com/questoes-de-concursos/questoes?discipline_ids%5B%5D=16&examining_board_ids%5B%5D=2&has_professor_commentaries=true&subject_ids%5B%5D=14119#question-542364-text</p><p>alfaconcursos.com.br</p><p>MUDE SUA VIDA!</p><p>23</p><p>In reference to the content of the text, its vocabulary and syntactic structure, decide</p><p>whether the following statements are right (C) or wrong (E).</p><p>In lines 4, 7 and 9, although with different syntactic functions, the word it refers to the</p><p>same thing: “the head of an enemy which swung from the rafters” (l. 3 and 4).</p><p>( ) Certo ( ) Errado</p><p>SOLUÇÃO RÁPIDA</p><p>A questão pergunta se, a palavra “it” refere-se à cabeça e, sim, a resposta está</p><p>correta, pois em todos os casos, a palavra “it” está se referindo a cabeça.</p><p>SOLUÇÃO COMPLETA</p><p>Nas linhas 4, 7 e 9, embora com diferentes funções sintáticas, a</p><p>palavra "it" refere-se à mesma coisa: "a cabeça de um inimigo que se movia das</p><p>vigas" (l. 3 e 4).</p><p>L. 4 - [...] the head of an enemy which swung from the rafters. It was the colour</p><p>of an old football [...]</p><p>Tradução: [...]a cabeça de um inimigo que se movia das vigas. Era da cor de</p><p>uma bola antiga[...] (It- esta se referindo à cabeça)</p><p>L.7 – Orlando’s father, or perhaps his grandfather, had struck it from the</p><p>shoulders of a vast Pagan […]</p><p>Tradução: O pai de Orlando, ou talvez seu avô, a atingira dos ombros de um</p><p>vasto pagão [..] (It refere-se à cabeça)</p><p>L.9 – […] and now it swung, gently, […]</p><p>Tradução: […] e agora ela balançava suavemente, [..] (It – refere-se à cabeça)</p><p>Resposta:Certa</p><p>https://www.alfaconcursos.com.br/</p><p>alfaconcursos.com.br</p><p>MUDE SUA VIDA!</p><p>24</p><p>3. Ano: 2015 Banca: Cespe Órgão: STJ Cargo: Técnico Judiciário – Tecnologia da</p><p>Informação</p><p>Texto</p><p>Judge the following item concerning the ideas and the language used in the text above.</p><p>The</p><p>words “their" ( 13) and “they" ( 14) refer, respectively, to “people" ( 13) and</p><p>“roles" ( 13).</p><p>( ) Certo ( ) Errado</p><p>SOLUÇÃO RÁPIDA</p><p>Está errada, porque tanto “they” quanto “their” estão se referindo a pessoas e</p><p>não pessoas e papéis respectivamente, como a questão pede.</p><p>SOLUÇÃO COMPLETA</p><p>A questão pergunta se as palavras “their” (l.13) e “they” (l.14) estão se</p><p>referindo, repectivamente, a pessoas (l.13) e papéis (l.13).</p><p>This well-known ensemble of people in specific roles, and of things that set the</p><p>scene of their roles and record the statements they make has accompanied and</p><p>developed with the law over many centuries.</p><p>Tradução: Este conhecido conjunto de pessoas em papéis específicos e de</p><p>coisas que estabelecem a cena de seus papéis e registram as declarações</p><p>que elas fazem, tem acompanhado e desenvolvido com a lei ao longo de muitos</p><p>séculos.</p><p>A resposta torna-se errada porque ambos referem-se a pessoas.</p><p>https://www.alfaconcursos.com.br/</p><p>alfaconcursos.com.br</p><p>MUDE SUA VIDA!</p><p>25</p><p>4. Ano: 2015 Banca: Cespe Órgão: TCU Cargo: Auditor Federal de Controle Externo</p><p>Texto</p><p>Based on the text, judge the following items.</p><p>In the excerpt “it takes place before an action is carried out” (l. 38 and 39), the pronoun</p><p>“it” refers to “anticipatory tool” (l.38).</p><p>( ) Certo ( ) Errado</p><p>https://www.alfaconcursos.com.br/</p><p>alfaconcursos.com.br</p><p>MUDE SUA VIDA!</p><p>26</p><p>SOLUÇÃO RÁPIDA</p><p>O gabarito é errada, pois “it” está se referindo a “environmental impact</p><p>assessment”.</p><p>SOLUÇÃO COMPLETA</p><p>A questão pergunta se no trecho ““it takes place before an action is carried out” (R. 38</p><p>and 39), que significa: “que ocorre antes que uma ação é realizada” (l. 38 e 39), o pronome</p><p>“it” está se referindo a “anticipatory tool”/ “ferramenta antecipatória”(l.38 )</p><p>A resposta torna-se errada porque o pronome “it” faz referência a “environmental</p><p>impact assessment” (avaliação do impacto ambiental).</p><p>Resposta: Errada</p><p>5. Ano: 2016 Banca: CESPE Órgão: FUNPRESP-JUD Cargo: Analista – Tecnologia da</p><p>Informação</p><p>Texto</p><p>In the text 5A5AAA,</p><p>“it” ( .9) refers to “network element” ( . 8 and 9).</p><p>( ) Certo ( ) Errado</p><p>https://www.alfaconcursos.com.br/</p><p>alfaconcursos.com.br</p><p>MUDE SUA VIDA!</p><p>27</p><p>SOLUÇÃO RÁPIDA</p><p>Este “it” numa tradução esta se referindo a “mesh topology”.</p><p>Resposta: Errado</p><p>SOLUÇÃO COMPLETA</p><p>A questão pergunta se o “it”, presente na linha 9 está se referindo a “network</p><p>element” (l. 8 e 9)</p><p>O personal pronoun “it” presente na linha 9 não está se referindo “network</p><p>element”, simplesmente ele está se referindo a “mesh topology” presente na linha 5.</p><p>Afinal todo o parágrafo está buscando explicar o funcionamento deste sistema.</p><p>Resposta: Errado</p><p>6. Ano: 2013 Banca: Cespe Órgão: Instituto Rio Branco Cargo: Diplomata – Prova 2</p><p>Texto</p><p>https://www.alfaconcursos.com.br/</p><p>alfaconcursos.com.br</p><p>MUDE SUA VIDA!</p><p>28</p><p>In relation to the pronouns shown in bold in the text above, judge if the items below are</p><p>right (C) or wrong (E).</p><p>The pronoun “they” (l.13) refers to “Ideas” (l.11)</p><p>( ) Certo ( ) Errado</p><p>SOLUÇÃO RÁPIDA</p><p>Resposta correta, pois “they” está se referindo a “Ideas”.</p><p>Resposta: Certo</p><p>SOLUÇÃO COMPLETA</p><p>A questão pergunta se no texto referido, na linha 13, o pronome “they” está se</p><p>referindo a “Ideas”, presente na linha 11. Está correto.</p><p>A própria frase em que está inserida a palavra “they” demonstra isso.</p><p>Ideas can be supressed, or go underground but unlike a statue or any other</p><p>material things they cannot be shattered.</p><p>Tradução: Ideias podem ser suprimidas ou ficarem ocultas, mas ao contrário</p><p>de uma estátua ou qualquer outra coisa material elas (nitidamente se refere as</p><p>ideias) não podem ser quebradas.</p><p>Resposta: Correta</p><p>https://www.alfaconcursos.com.br/</p><p>alfaconcursos.com.br</p><p>MUDE SUA VIDA!</p><p>29</p><p>7. Ano: 2013 Banca: Cespe Órgão: Instituto Rio Branco Cargo: Diplomata – Prova 2</p><p>Texto</p><p>In relation to the pronouns shown in bold in the text above, judge if the items below are</p><p>right (C) or wrong (E).</p><p>The pronoun “It” (l.5) refers to “diplomacy” (l.2).</p><p>( ) Certo ( ) Errado</p><p>https://www.alfaconcursos.com.br/</p><p>alfaconcursos.com.br</p><p>MUDE SUA VIDA!</p><p>30</p><p>SOLUÇÃO RÁPIDA</p><p>A resposta está correta. “It” (l.5) refere-se a “diplomacy” (l.2).</p><p>Respota: Certo</p><p>SOLUÇÃO COMPLETA</p><p>A questão pergunta se o pronome “it”, presente na linha 5, está se referindo a</p><p>“diplomacy” presente na linha 2.</p><p>Tradução:</p><p>The Oxford Learner’s Dictionary defines diplomacy as… (….) It is the</p><p>combination of logic and science …”</p><p>O Dicionário de aprendiz da Oxford define diplomacia como … (….) É a</p><p>combinação de lógica é ciência...</p><p>Percebe que mesmo sendo retirado pontos distantes, afinal um está na linha 2</p><p>e outro já na linha 5 do texto o assunto continua sendo a definição de diplomacia do</p><p>referido dicionário, então está correta a resposta.</p><p>Resposta: Certo</p><p>8. Ano: 2011 Banca: CESPE Órgão: SEDUC-AM Cargo: Professor – Inglês</p><p>Texto</p><p>The pronoun “they” (L.10) refers to “Most English teachers”.</p><p>( ) Certo ( ) Errado</p><p>https://www.alfaconcursos.com.br/</p><p>alfaconcursos.com.br</p><p>MUDE SUA VIDA!</p><p>31</p><p>SOLUÇÃO RÁPIDA</p><p>A questão pergunta se o pronome “they”(l.10) refere-se a “Most English teacher” e</p><p>está correto.</p><p>Resposta: Certo</p><p>SOLUÇÃO COMPLETA</p><p>A questão aborda um texto e faz perguntas sobre o que esta no final do texto,</p><p>destacando a importância de ler o enunciado antes, para não se perder tempo, que</p><p>é precioso na resolução das questões e na busca pela aprovação.</p><p>A questão pergunta se o pronome “they”(l.10) refere-se a “Most English</p><p>teacher”?</p><p>“Most English teachers are taught that they must use pairwork in class…</p><p>Tradução:</p><p>“A maioria dos professores de inglês são ensinados que eles devem usar</p><p>trabalhos em dupla em sala de aula...</p><p>Percebe-se que “eles” no texto está substituindo “A maioria dos professores de</p><p>inglês”, visto antes. Então a resposta está correta.</p><p>Resposta: Certo</p><p>9. Ano: 2013 Banca: Cespe Órgão: Instituto Rio Branco Cargo: Diplomata – Prova 2</p><p>Questão Adaptada</p><p>Texto</p><p>Nobel was an ardent advocate of arbitration, though not of disarmament, which he</p><p>thought a foolish demand for the present. He urged establishment of a tribunal and</p><p>agreement among nations for a one-year period of compulsory truce in any dispute. He</p><p>turned up in person, though incognito, at a Peace Congress in Bern in 1892 and told</p><p>Bertha von Suttner that if she could “inform me, convince me, I will do something great</p><p>for the cause”. The spark of friendship between them had been kept alive in</p><p>correspondence and an occasional visit over the years and he now wrote her that a new</p><p>era of violence seemed to be working itself up: “one hears in the distance its hollow</p><p>rumble already.” Two months later he wrote again, “I should like to dispose of my fortune</p><p>to found a prize to be awarded every five years” to the person who had contributed most</p><p>effectively to the peace of Europe. He thought that it should terminate after six awards,</p><p>“for if in thirty years society cannot be reformed we shall inevitably lapse into</p><p>barbarism”. Nobel brooded over the plan, embodied it in a will drawn in 1895 which</p><p>allowed man a little longer deadline, and died the following year.</p><p>Barbara Tuchman. The proud power. MacMillan Company, 1966, p. 233 (adapted)</p><p>In the text,</p><p>the pronoun “it” (l.15) refers to Nobel’s fortune.</p><p>( ) Certo ( ) Errado</p><p>https://www.alfaconcursos.com.br/</p><p>alfaconcursos.com.br</p><p>MUDE SUA VIDA!</p><p>32</p><p>SOLUÇÃO RÁPIDA</p><p>A questão pergunta se “it” (l.15)</p><p>faz referência a “Nobel’s fortune” e está</p><p>errado, faz referência a “prize”.</p><p>Resposta: Errado.</p><p>SOLUÇÃO COMPLETA</p><p>A questão pergunta se “it”, presente na linha 15 está fazendo referência a</p><p>“Nobel’s fortune”.</p><p>“I should like to dispose of my fortune to found a prize to be awarded every</p><p>five years to the person who had contributed most effectively to the peace of Europe.</p><p>He thought that it should terminate after six awards…”</p><p>“Eu gostaria de dispor minha fortuna para criar um prêmio para ser entregue a</p><p>cada 5 anos para a pessoa que tenha contribuído mais efetivamente para a paz na</p><p>Europa. Ele achou que isso encerraria depois de 6 premiações...”</p><p>Você percebe por esta tradução, não literal, que o “it” esta fazendo referência</p><p>ao prêmio (prize) e não a fortuna de Nobel (Nobel’s fortune).</p><p>Resposta: Errado</p><p>10. Ano: 2008 Banca: CESPE Órgão: ABIN Cargo: Agente de Inteligência</p><p>Texto</p><p>The human cost of terrorism has been felt in virtually every corner of the globe. The</p><p>United Nations family has itself suffered tragic human loss as a result of violent terrorist</p><p>acts. The attack on its offices in Baghdad on 19 August 2003 claimed the lives of the</p><p>Special Representative of the Secretary-General, Sergio Vieira de Mello, and 21 other men</p><p>and women, and injured over 150 others, some very seriously. Terrorism clearly has a</p><p>very real and direct impact on human rights, with devastating consequences for the</p><p>enjoyment of the right to life, liberty and physical integrity of victims. In addition to these</p><p>individual costs, terrorism can destabilize governments, undermine civil society,</p><p>jeopardize peace and security, and threaten social and economic development. All of</p><p>these also have a real impact on the enjoyment of human rights. Security of the individual</p><p>is a basic human right and the protection of individuals is, accordingly, a fundamental</p><p>obligation of government. States therefore have an obligation to ensure the human rights</p><p>of their nationals and others by taking positive measures to protect them against the</p><p>threat of terrorist acts and bringing the perpetrators of such acts to justice. In recent</p><p>years, however, the measures adopted by States to counter terrorism have themselves</p><p>often posed serious challenges to human rights and the rule of law. Some States have</p><p>engaged in torture and other ill-treatment to counter terrorism, while the legal and</p><p>practical safeguards available to prevent torture, such as regular and independent</p><p>monitoring of detention centres have often been disregarded.</p><p>Internet: (adapted). According to the text above, judge the following items.</p><p>The pronoun "them" (l.20) refers to "the human rights of their nationals and others"</p><p>(l.19).</p><p>( ) Certo ( ) Errado</p><p>https://www.alfaconcursos.com.br/</p><p>alfaconcursos.com.br</p><p>MUDE SUA VIDA!</p><p>33</p><p>SOLUÇÃO RÁPIDA</p><p>A questão pergunta se “them” (l.20) refere-se a “the human rights of their</p><p>nationals and others”(l.19). E está correto.</p><p>Resposta: Certa</p><p>SOLUÇÃO COMPLETA</p><p>A questão pergunta se “them”, presente na linha 20, refere-se a “the human</p><p>rights of their nationals and others”, presente na linha 19. Vamos analisar:</p><p>“States therefore have an obligation to ensure the human rights of their</p><p>nationals and others by taking positive measures to protect them against the</p><p>threat of terrorista acts and bringing the perpetrators of such acts to justice”</p><p>“Por conseguinte, os estados têm a obrigação de garantir os direitos humanos</p><p>dos seus nacionais e de terceiros, tomando medidas positivas para os proteger</p><p>(proteger tais direitos) contra a ameaça de atos terroristas e para levar os autores</p><p>de tais atos à justiça.”</p><p>Com a tradução realizada, percebe-se que ”them” realiza uma referência a “the</p><p>human rights of their nationals and others”</p><p>Resposta: Certo.</p><p>11. Ano: 2016 Banca: FCC Órgão: Metro-SP Cargo: Engenheiro de Segurança do Trabalho</p><p>Atenção: A questão refere-se ao texto abaixo.</p><p>Judges Push Brevity in Briefs, and Get a Torrent of Arguments</p><p>By ELIZABETH OLSON</p><p>OCT. 3, 2016</p><p>The Constitution of the United States clocks in at 4,543 words. Yet a number of lawyers</p><p>contend that 14,000 words are barely enough to lay out their legal arguments.</p><p>That’s the maximum word count for briefs filed in federal appellate courts. For years,</p><p>judges have complained that too many briefs are repetitive and full of outmoded legal</p><p>jargon, and that they take up too much of their time.</p><p>A recent proposal to bring the limit down by 1,500 words unleashed an outcry among</p><p>lawyers.</p><p>Lawyers in criminal, environmental and securities law insisted that briefs’ lengths</p><p>should not be shortened because legal issues and statutes are more complex than ever</p><p>As a result, the new word limit − which takes effect on Dec. 1 − will be 13,500 words, a</p><p>reduction of only 500 words. And appellate judges will have the freedom to opt out of the</p><p>limits.</p><p>The new limit may not provide much relief for judges deluged with verbose briefs.</p><p>While workloads vary, according to federal court data, the average federal appeals</p><p>court judge, for example, might need to read filings for around 1,200 cases annually.</p><p>https://www.alfaconcursos.com.br/</p><p>alfaconcursos.com.br</p><p>MUDE SUA VIDA!</p><p>34</p><p>That amount of reading − especially bad reading − can thin the patience of even the</p><p>most diligent judge.</p><p>Briefs “are too long to be persuasive,” said Laurence H. Silberman, a judge on the United</p><p>States Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia Circuit</p><p>In arguing against a reduction of words, the American Academy of Appellate Lawyers</p><p>urged singling out “bad briefs” rather than only lengthy ones. It advised courts to “post</p><p>on their court websites short videos outlining how to write a decent brief.”</p><p>Robert N. Markle, a federal appellate lawyer, has argued − in his own personal view,</p><p>not the government’s − that the limit should be reduced to 10,000 words. In a typical</p><p>case, he said, “nothing justifies even approaching, much less reaching or exceeding</p><p>14,000 words.”</p><p>Still, he acknowledged that the cut of 500 words “was at least a start.”</p><p>(Adapted from http://www.nytimes.com/2016/10/04/business/dealbook/judges-</p><p>push-brevity-in-briefs-and-get-a-torrent-of-arguments. html?_r=0)</p><p>No trecho they take up too much of their time, os pronomes they e their referem-se,</p><p>respectivamente, a:</p><p>a) briefs – federal appellate courts.</p><p>b) judges – federal appellate courts.</p><p>c) briefs – judges.</p><p>d) judges – briefs.</p><p>e) federal appellate courts – judges.</p><p>SOLUÇÃO RÁPIDA</p><p>Resposta: C</p><p>“They”(eles) está referindo-se aos recursos.</p><p>“Their” (deles) está referindo-se aos juízes.</p><p>SOLUÇÃO COMPLETA</p><p>Nesta questão a banca pede para achar, respectivamente, a quem os pronomes</p><p>“they” (eles) e “their” (deles) estão se referindo. Vamos a tradução:</p><p>That’s the maximum word count for briefs filed in federal appellate courts. For</p><p>years, judges have complaneid that too many briefs are repetitive and full of</p><p>outmoded legal jargon, and that they take up too much of their time.</p><p>Tradução: Esse é o número máximo de palavras para os recursos</p><p>apresentados nos Tribunais de Apelação. Por anos, os juizes queixaram-se que os</p><p>muitos recursos são repetitivos e cheios de jargões ultrapassados, e que tomam</p><p>muito tempo deles.</p><p>Percebe-se que ‘they” (eles) faz referência a palavra recursos, e “their” (dele)</p><p>é que faz referência a juízes.</p><p>Reposta: C</p><p>https://www.alfaconcursos.com.br/</p><p>alfaconcursos.com.br</p><p>MUDE SUA VIDA!</p><p>35</p><p>12. Ano: 2011 Banca: FEPESE Órgão: CASAN Cargo: Psicólogo</p><p>As palavras "We" e "Our" estão sendo usadas no texto como:</p><p>a) Subject pronoun and relative pronoun.</p><p>b) Object pronoun and personal pronoun.</p><p>c) Object pronoun and possessive pronoun.</p><p>d) Subject pronoun and possessive adjective.</p><p>e) Subject adjective and possessive adjective.</p><p>https://www.alfaconcursos.com.br/</p><p>alfaconcursos.com.br</p><p>MUDE SUA VIDA!</p><p>36</p><p>SOLUÇÃO RÁPIDA</p><p>We (nós) = Subject Pronoun</p><p>Our (nosso) = Possessive Adjective.</p><p>Resposta: D</p><p>SOLUÇÃO COMPLETA</p><p>A banca pede ao candidato que ele identifique, gramaticalmente, as palavras</p><p>“we” e “our”</p><p>Vamos aos textos e suas traduções:</p><p>“We have an important role to play right now.”</p><p>Tradução: Nós temos um papel importante a desempenhar.</p><p>We – sujeito da frase, o que o torna Subject Pronoun.</p><p>“Energy conservation helps a lot in preserving our planet’s rich natural resources…”</p><p>Tradução: A conservação de energia ajuda muito a preserver os ricos recursos</p><p>naturais de nosso planeta. “Our” que significa nosso faz referência a planeta.</p><p>Our é um possessive adjective.</p><p>Resposta:D</p><p>https://www.alfaconcursos.com.br/</p><p>alfaconcursos.com.br</p><p>MUDE SUA VIDA!</p><p>37</p><p>13. Ano; 2017 Banca: IFB Órgão: IFB Cargo – Professor – Português/ Inglês</p><p>Read the text about Nobel Prize for the question.</p><p>Based on the article, it is correct to affirm that the pronouns “it” (l.2), “it” (l.14), and</p><p>“he” (l.23), RESPECTIVELY, refer to:</p><p>a) “I’m not There”, “Bob Dylan’s absence” and “Daniel Sandstrom”.</p><p>b) “I’m not There”, “Bob Dylan’s absence” and “the publisher Albert Bonniers”.</p><p>c) “Bob Dylan’s elusiveness”, “Bob Dylan’s unpredictability” and “Daniel Sandstrom”.</p><p>d) “Bob Dylan’s elusiveness”, “Bob Dylan’s absence” and “the publisher Albert Bonniers”.</p><p>e) “the title of a 2007 movie”, “Bob Dylan’s unpredictability” and “the publisher Albert</p><p>Bonniers”.</p><p>https://www.alfaconcursos.com.br/</p><p>alfaconcursos.com.br</p><p>MUDE SUA VIDA!</p><p>38</p><p>SOLUÇÃO RÁPIDA</p><p>A questão pergunta a quem os pronomes “it” (l. 2 e 4) e “he” (l.23).</p><p>Resposta correta: A</p><p>SOLUÇÃO COMPLETA</p><p>A questão pede que o candidato diga a quem os pronomes “it”, presentes nas</p><p>linhas 2 e 3 e a quem o pronome “he”, presente na linha 23 estão se referindo.</p><p>O texto relembra um fato, até inusitado, de que o cantor Bob Dylan não</p><p>compareceu para receber o seu Prêmio Nobel, ganho em 2016, na categoria</p><p>Literatura e liga a sua ausência ao título de um filme feito para homenageá-lo: “I’m</p><p>not there” (Eu não estou lá).</p><p>Os dois pronomes it, estão justamente fazendo está referência, música e</p><p>cantor e “he” refere-se a Daniel Sandstrom a pessoa entrevistada que comenta sobre</p><p>a ausência.</p><p>Resposta: A</p><p>14. Ano: 2013 Banca: CESPE Órgão: SEDUC-CE Cargo: Professor I – Língua Inglesa</p><p>Texto abaixo</p><p>https://www.alfaconcursos.com.br/</p><p>alfaconcursos.com.br</p><p>MUDE SUA VIDA!</p><p>39</p><p>In “But over the years as I’ve gotten to know her better” (ℓ.7) “I” and “her” are respectively</p><p>a) a relative pronoun and a subject pronoun.</p><p>b) an object pronoun and a subject pronoun.</p><p>c) a subject pronoun and an object pronoun.</p><p>d) a possessive pronoun and a subjective pronoun.</p><p>e) an object pronoun and a possessive pronoun.</p><p>SOLUÇÃO RÁPIDA</p><p>Gramática simples, “I” é um subject pronoun e “her” é um object pronoun.</p><p>Resposta: C</p><p>SOLUÇÃO COMPLETA</p><p>Esta questão pede uma análise simples de gramática, pedindo pra especificar</p><p>gramaticalmente “I” (eu) e “her” (dela)</p><p>“I” = subject pronoun</p><p>“her” = object pronoun</p><p>Importante: “I” é subject pronoun e a letra C é a única em que contém essa</p><p>resposta, podendo facilmente, descartar todas as outras alternativas.</p><p>Resposta: C</p><p>15. Ano: 2016 Banca: FGV Órgão; MRE Cargo: Oficial de Chancelaria</p><p>TEXT I</p><p>How music is the real language of political diplomacy</p><p>Forget guns and bombs, it is the power of melody that has changed the world</p><p>Marie Zawisza</p><p>Saturday 31 October 2015 10.00 GMT</p><p>Last modified on Tuesday 10 November 201513.19 GMT</p><p>An old man plays his cello at the foot of a crumbling wall. The notes of the sarabande of</p><p>Bach’s Suite No 2 rise in the cold air, praising God for the “miracle” of the fall of the Berlin</p><p>Wall, as Mstislav Rostropovich later put it. The photograph is seen around the world. The</p><p>date is 11 November 1989, and the Russian virtuoso is marching to the beat of history.</p><p>Publicity stunt or political act? No doubt a bit of both – and proof, in any case, that music</p><p>can have a political dimension. Yo-Yo Ma showed as much in September when the cellist</p><p>opened the new season of the Philharmonie de Paris with the Boston Symphony</p><p>Orchestra. As a “messenger of peace” for the United Nations, the Chinese American is the</p><p>founder of Silk Road Project, which trains young musicians from a variety of cultures to</p><p>https://www.alfaconcursos.com.br/</p><p>alfaconcursos.com.br</p><p>MUDE SUA VIDA!</p><p>40</p><p>listen to and improvise with each other and develop a common repertoire. “In this way,</p><p>musicians create a dialogue and arrive at common policies,” says analyst Frédéric Ramel,</p><p>a professor at the Institut d’Études Politiques in Paris. By having music take the place of</p><p>speeches and peace talks, the hope is that it will succeed where diplomacy has failed.[…]</p><p>Curiously, the study of the role of music in international relations is still in its infancy.</p><p>“Historians must have long seen it as something fanciful, because history has long been</p><p>dominated by interpretations that stress economic, social and political factors,” says</p><p>Anaïs Fléchet, a lecturer in contemporary history at the Université de Versailles-St-</p><p>Quentin and co-editor of a book about music and globalisation.</p><p>“As for musicologists,” she adds, “until quite recently they were more interested in</p><p>analysing musical scores than the actual context in which these were produced and how</p><p>they were received.” In the 1990s came a cultural shift. Scholars were no longer</p><p>interested solely in “hard power” – that is, in the balance of powers and in geopolitics –</p><p>but also in “soft power”, where political issues are resolved by mutual support rather</p><p>than force. […]</p><p>Gilberto Gil sings while then UN secretary general Kofi Annan plays percussion at a</p><p>September 2003 concert at the UN headquarters honouring those killed by a bomb at a</p><p>UN office in Baghdad a month earlier. Photograph: Zuma/Alamy</p><p>Since then, every embassy has a cultural attaché. The US engages in “audio diplomacy”</p><p>by financing hip-hop festivals in the Middle East. China promotes opera in neighbouring</p><p>states to project an image of harmony. Brazil has invested in culture to assert itself as a</p><p>leader in Latin America, notably by establishing close collaboration between its</p><p>ministries of foreign affairs and culture; musician Gilberto Gil was culture minister</p><p>during Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva᾽s presidency from 2003 to 2008. He was involved in</p><p>France’s Year of Brazil. As Fléchet recalls, “the free concert he gave on 13 July, 2005 at</p><p>the Place de la Bastille was the pinnacle. That day, he sang La Marseillaise in the presence</p><p>of presidents Lula and Jacques Chirac.” Two years earlier, in September 2003, Gil sang at</p><p>the UN in honour of the victims of the 19 August bombing of the UN headquartes in</p><p>Baghdad. He was delivering a message of peace, criticising the war on Iraq by the US:</p><p>“There is no point in preaching security without giving a thought to respecting others,”</p><p>he told his audience. Closing the concert, he invited then UN secretary general Kofi Annan</p><p>on stage for a surprise appearance as a percussionist. “This highly symbolic image, which</p><p>highlighted the conviction that culture can play a role in bringing people together, shows</p><p>how music can become a political language,” Fléchet says.</p><p>(adapted from http://www.theguardian.com/music/2015/oct/31 /music-language-</p><p>human-rights-political-diplomacy)</p><p>In the sentence “Gilberto Gil sings while then UN secretary general Kofi Annan plays”, the</p><p>word “then” means:</p><p>https://www.alfaconcursos.com.br/</p><p>alfaconcursos.com.br</p><p>MUDE SUA VIDA!</p><p>41</p><p>a) late;</p><p>b) former;</p><p>c) recent;</p><p>d) deceased;</p><p>e) reinstated.</p><p>SOLUÇÃO RÁPIDA</p><p>A questão pergunta o que significa a palavra “then” na frase.</p><p>Resposta certa: B</p><p>A palavra ‘then” refere-se a anterior.</p><p>SOLUÇÃO COMPLETA</p><p>Na frase "Gilberto Gil canta enquanto o então</p><p>secretário geral da ONU Kofi</p><p>Annan toca", a palavra "então" significa:</p><p>A) tarde;</p><p>B) anterior;</p><p>C) recente;</p><p>D) falecido;</p><p>E) reintegrado.</p><p>A palavra “then” (então) esta sendo usado para dizer que Kofi Annan já foi</p><p>secretário geral da ONU, mas naquele momento não mais ocupava o cargo, portanto</p><p>a resposta correta é “former” (anterior).</p><p>Resposta: B</p><p>16. Ano: 2016 Banca: ESAF Órgão: ANAC Cargo: Analista Administrativo</p><p>Text2</p><p>The advantage</p><p>1 CARE Acquiring a new aircraft is already a complex enough process. Acquiring a pre-</p><p>owned aircraft can be an even more challenging task. The industry has its fair share of</p><p>brokers and experts all willing to offer you the best deal in town but, regrettably, once</p><p>you have signed and the aircraft is delivered, they tend to vanish as they move onto the</p><p>next deal. Our philosophy is very different. Every Embraer aircraft we lease has passed</p><p>through our own Embraer facilities. Every aircraft is treated with a level of service and</p><p>care that can only come from those who built them in the first place.</p><p>2 SUPPORT In choosing one of our pre-owned aircraft, all of our customers share a</p><p>common goal: to ensure that the aircraft delivered perform seamlessly from day one and</p><p>continue to perform for many years to come. In response to this, we offer the Lifetime</p><p>Program by Embraer. This program represents a first in the industry and is the result of</p><p>a very detailed review between ECC and Embraer on how best to support our customers.</p><p>The Lifetime Program is unique to pre-owned Embraer aircraft and offers a wide range</p><p>of services from startup through operation.</p><p>3 RELIABLE So when an ECC pre-owned aircraft is offered for delivery to its new home</p><p>https://www.alfaconcursos.com.br/</p><p>alfaconcursos.com.br</p><p>MUDE SUA VIDA!</p><p>42</p><p>you can rest assured that it will provide many years of happy, reliable service. Our focus</p><p>does not end there since we value the relationships we build with our customers. Our</p><p>Lifetime Program is testament to this. This is a unique and new service from Embraer to</p><p>support our used aircraft. We invite you to learn, in greater detail, how it will not only</p><p>enhance your operation, but also keep your Chief Financial Officer happy. Transparency</p><p>in costs and flexibility in adapting to your needs. It is our way of showing that every</p><p>Embraer aircraft we offer has our seal of approval. Coming from the manufacturer, that's</p><p>no small thing.</p><p>Source: http://www.eccleasing.com/Pages/fator.aspx [slightly adapted]</p><p>The pronoun 'they' occurs twice in #1 line 6, referring to</p><p>a) challenging tasks.</p><p>b) signed contracts.</p><p>c) aircraft.</p><p>d) bargains.</p><p>e) dealers.</p><p>SOLUÇÃO RÁPIDA</p><p>A banca quer saber se o pronome “they” (eles/elas) está se referindo a quem?</p><p>A resposta certa é a letra D, “dealers” (negociadores).</p><p>Resposta: E</p><p>SOLUÇÃO COMPLETA</p><p>A banca pediu para que o candidato marcasse a quem o pronome “they” referia-</p><p>se no primeiro texto.</p><p>The industry has its fair share of brokers and experts all willing to offer you the best</p><p>deal in town but, regrettably, once you have signed and the aircraft is delivered, they tend</p><p>to vanish as they move onto the next deal.</p><p>A indústria tem sua parcela razoável de corretores e especialistas, todos dispostos a</p><p>oferecer-lhe o melhor negócio na cidade, mas, infelizmente, depois de você ter assinado e</p><p>da aeronave ser entregue, eles tendem a desaparecer à medida que avançam para o</p><p>próximo negócio.</p><p>Este “they” está se referindo aos negociadores, letra E.</p><p>Resposta: E</p><p>17. Ano: 2015 Banca: NC-UFPR Órgão: COPEL Carga: Analista de Sistemas Júnior</p><p>Design Patterns</p><p>A design pattern is often posed as a question: how do we solve some design problem?</p><p>However a design problem is, by its nature, nonspecific, and rarely has a single straight-</p><p>forward answer. There might be several ways to solve the same problem, some better</p><p>than others depending on the specific situation and the specific context of the problem.</p><p>A design pattern is intended to share not just solutions but a better understanding of both</p><p>the problem and how it might be solved. Firstly, patterns have a well-defined structure.</p><p>This consistent layout makes it easy to browse through a collection of patterns to find</p><p>relevant help and then dive further into the material. The structure encourages the</p><p>author of the pattern to think carefully about the knowledge they're sharing, whilst</p><p>making the material more consistently accessible to a reader.</p><p>(http://www.cambridgesemantics.com/semantic-university/semantic-web-design-</p><p>patterns)</p><p>https://www.alfaconcursos.com.br/</p><p>alfaconcursos.com.br</p><p>MUDE SUA VIDA!</p><p>43</p><p>Na expressão: “… how it might be solved…”, a palavra sublinhada refere-se a:</p><p>a) solution.</p><p>b) a better understanding.</p><p>c) design.</p><p>d) problem.</p><p>e) specific context.</p><p>SOLUÇÃO RÁPIDA</p><p>A banca deseja saber a quem o pronome “it” refere-se. A resposta certa é a</p><p>letra D, “problem” (problema).</p><p>Resposta: D</p><p>SOLUÇÃO COMPLETA</p><p>A banca pergunta a quem o pronome “it” refere-se, vamos a frase:</p><p>“…how it might be solved…” = Como ele pode ser resolvido?</p><p>O texto todo trabalha a ideia de um problema para a área de design e nesta</p><p>frase o “it” refere-se a problema.</p><p>Resposta: D</p><p>18. Ano: 2014 Banca: FCC Órgão: AL-PE Cargo: Analista Legislativo – Direito</p><p>Texto</p><p>House Approves Higher Debt Limit Without Condition</p><p>By JONATHAN WEISMAN and ASHLEY PARKER</p><p>Feb. 11, 2014</p><p>WASHINGTON - Ending three years of brinkmanship in which the threat of a devastating</p><p>default on the nation’s debt was used to wring conservative concessions from President</p><p>Obama, the House on Tuesday voted to raise the government’s borrowing limit until</p><p>March 2015, without any conditions.</p><p>The vote - 221 to 201 - relied almost entirely on Democrats in the Republican-</p><p>controlled House to carry the measure and represented the first debt ceiling increase</p><p>since 2009 that was not attached to other legislation. Only 28 Republicans voted yes, and</p><p>only two Democrats voted no.</p><p>Simply by holding the vote, Speaker John A. Boehner of Ohio effectively ended a three-</p><p>year Tea Party-inspired era of budget showdowns that had raised the threat of default</p><p>and government shutdowns, rattled economic confidence and brought serious scrutiny</p><p>from other nations questioning Washington’s ability to govern. In the process, though,</p><p>Mr. Boehner also set off a series of reprisals from fellow Republican congressmen and</p><p>outside groups that showcased the party’s deep internal divisions.</p><p>During the October 2013 government shutdown, The Times’s David Leonhardt</p><p>explained the debt limit and how a failure to raise it could have affected the economy</p><p>both at home and abroad.</p><p>“He gave the president exactly what he wanted, which is exactly what the Republican</p><p>Party said we did not want,” said a Republican representative, Tim Huelskamp of Kansas,</p><p>who last year unsuccessfully tried to rally enough support to derail Mr. Boehner’s re-</p><p>election as speaker. “It’s going to really demoralize the base.”</p><p>https://www.alfaconcursos.com.br/</p><p>alfaconcursos.com.br</p><p>MUDE SUA VIDA!</p><p>44</p><p>The vote was a victory for President Obama, Democrats and those Senate Republicans</p><p>who have argued that spending money for previously incurred obligations was essential</p><p>for the financial standing of the federal government. “Tonight’s vote is a positive step in</p><p>moving away from the political brinkmanship that’s a needless drag on our economy,”</p><p>Jay Carney, the White House press secretary, said in a statement.</p><p>“A clean debt ceiling is a complete capitulation on the speaker’s part and</p><p>demonstrates that he has lost the ability to lead the House of Representatives, let alone</p><p>his own party,” said Jenny Beth Martin, co-founder of the Tea Party Patriots. “It is time</p><p>for him to go.”</p><p>Senator Harry Reid of Nevada, the majority leader, commended the speaker and</p><p>promised to pass the bill as soon as possible.</p><p>“We’re happy to see the House is legislating</p><p>the way they should have legislated for a long time,” he said.</p><p>(Adapted from http://www.nytimes.com/2014/02/12/us/politics/ boehner-</p><p>to-bring-debt- ceiling-to-vote-without-policy-</p><p>attachments.html?nl=todaysheadlines&emc=edit_th_2014021 2&_r=0)</p><p>No texto, o pronome sublinhado he refere-se a</p><p>a) the president.</p><p>b) Republican Party.</p><p>c) Tim Huelskamp .</p><p>d) Mr. Boehner.</p><p>e) David Leonhardt.</p><p>SOLUÇÃO RÁPIDA</p><p>A banca pede ao candidato que responda a quem o pronome “he” (ele), que</p><p>esta sublinhado, refere-se a presidente.</p><p>Resposta: A</p><p>SOLUÇÃO COMPLETA</p><p>A banca tem interesse em saber a quem o pronome “he”(ele) esta se referindo,</p><p>a frase é:</p><p>“(...) He gave the presidente exactly what he wanted, (…)”</p><p>Tradução: “(…) Ele deu ao presidente exatamente o que ele (quem está</p><p>querendo? O presidente) queria, (...)”</p><p>Resposta: A</p><p>https://www.alfaconcursos.com.br/</p><p>alfaconcursos.com.br</p><p>MUDE SUA VIDA!</p><p>45</p><p>19. Ano: 2014 Banca: IESES Órgão: APSFS Cargo: Agente de Guarda Portuária</p><p>Complete o texto a seguir com os pronomes mais adequados.</p><p>This is Mark. ______ is a good friend of mine.</p><p>That is Paula, _____ is his girlfriend. Mark and Paula are from Germany. _____ are german.</p><p>I live with my brother and ___ have a pet. ____ is a dog called Otto.</p><p>A sequência correta é:</p><p>a) he - she - they - we - it</p><p>b) we - it - she - it - he</p><p>c) it - she - they - he - we</p><p>d) she - he - we - they – it</p><p>SOLUÇÃO RÁPIDA</p><p>A banca quer saber quais subject pronouns podem substituir: Mark, Paula,</p><p>“brother” (irmão) e “pet” (animal de estimação).</p><p>Resposta certa: A</p><p>SOLUÇÃO COMPLETA</p><p>A banca nesta questão usa os Subject pronouns. Ela quer que os candidatos</p><p>substituam: Mark, Paula, “brother” (irmão) e “pet” (animal de estimação) pelos seus</p><p>respectivos Subject pronouns.</p><p>Mark – he (ele) / Paula – she (ela) / brother (irmão, portanto gênero</p><p>masculine) = “he” (ele)</p><p>Pet – it (ele/ ela – neutro, utilizado justamente para animais de estimação e</p><p>objetos).</p><p>Resposta: A</p><p>20. Ano: 2006 Banca: CESGRANRIO Órgão: DECEA Cargo: DECEA – Técnico de Defesa Aérea</p><p>e Controle de Tráfego Aéreo – Análise de Sistemas.</p><p>Texto</p><p>Repliee is more than a humanoid robot ? it is an</p><p>honest-to-goodness android, so lifelike that it seems like</p><p>a real person. It has moist lips, glossy hair and vivid</p><p>eyes that blink slowly. Seated on a stool with hands</p><p>5 folded primly on its lap at the 2005 World Exposition in</p><p>Japan's Aichi prefecture, it wore a bright pink blazer and</p><p>gray slacks. For a mesmerizing few seconds from several</p><p>meters away, Repliee was virtually indistinguishable from</p><p>an ordinary woman in her 30s. In fact, it was a copy of</p><p>10 one.</p><p>Japan is proud of the most advanced humanoids in</p><p>the world, which are expected to eventually be used as</p><p>the workforce diminishes among the decreasing and aging</p><p>population. But why build a robot with pigmented silicone</p><p>15 skin, smooth gestures and even makeup? To Repliee's</p><p>creator, Hiroshi Ishiguro, Director of Osaka University's</p><p>Intelligent Robotics Laboratory, the answer is simple:</p><p>"Android science."</p><p>https://www.alfaconcursos.com.br/</p><p>alfaconcursos.com.br</p><p>MUDE SUA VIDA!</p><p>46</p><p>Besides the justification for making robots</p><p>20 anthropomorphic and bipedal so they can work in human</p><p>environments with architectural features such as stairs,</p><p>Ishiguro believes that people respond better to very</p><p>humanlike automatons. Androids can thus elicit the most</p><p>natural communication. "Appearance is very important</p><p>25 to have better interpersonal relationships with a robot,"</p><p>says the 42-year-old Ishiguro. "Robots are information</p><p>media, especially humanoid robots. Their main role in</p><p>our future is to interact naturally with people."</p><p>Mild colorblindness forced Ishiguro to abandon his</p><p>30 aspirations of a career as an oil painter. Drawn to</p><p>computer and robot vision instead, he built a guide robot</p><p>for the blind as an undergraduate at the University of</p><p>Yamanashi. A fan of the android character Data from the</p><p>Star Trek franchise, he sees robots as the ideal vehicle</p><p>35 to understand more about ourselves.</p><p>To imitate human looks and behavior successfully,</p><p>Ishiguro combines robotics with cognitive science. In turn,</p><p>cognitive science research can use the robot to study</p><p>human perception, communication and other faculties.</p><p>40 This novel cross-fertilization is what Ishiguro describes</p><p>as android science. In a 2005 paper, he and his</p><p>collaborators explained it thus: "To make the android</p><p>humanlike, we must investigate human activity from the</p><p>standpoint of cognitive science, behavioral science and</p><p>45 neuroscience, and to evaluate human activity, we need</p><p>to implement processes that support it in the android."</p><p>One key strategy in Ishiguro's approach is to model</p><p>his artificial creations on real people. He began research</p><p>four years ago with his then four-year-old daughter,</p><p>50 casting a rudimentary android from her body, but its</p><p>mechanisms resulted in strange, unnatural motion.</p><p>Humanlike robots run the risk of compromising</p><p>people's comfort zones. Because the android's</p><p>appearance is very similar to that of a human, any subtle</p><p>55 differences in motion and responses will make it seem</p><p>strange. Repliee, though, is so lifelike that it has</p><p>overcome the creepiness factor, partly because of the</p><p>natural way it moves.</p><p>Ishiguro wants his next android, a male, to be as</p><p>60 authentic as possible. The model? Himself. The scientist</p><p>thinks having a robot clone could ease his busy schedule:</p><p>he could dispatch it to classes and meetings and then</p><p>teleconference through it. "My question has always been,</p><p>Why are we living, and what is human?" he says. An</p><p>65 Ishiguro made of circuitry and silicone might soon be</p><p>answering his own questions.</p><p>adapted from www.scientificamerican.com - May 2006</p><p>https://www.alfaconcursos.com.br/</p><p>alfaconcursos.com.br</p><p>MUDE SUA VIDA!</p><p>47</p><p>Check the only correct statement concerning reference.</p><p>a) "It" (line 3) - "person"</p><p>b) "one" (line 10) - "robot".</p><p>c) "he" (line 34) - "character".</p><p>d) "it (line 46) - "activity".</p><p>e) "it" (line 62) - "schedule".</p><p>SOLUÇÃO RÁPIDA</p><p>A banca pede para marcar a alternativa correta sobre qual palavra está</p><p>substituindo a palavra destacada. Apenas a alternativa D, está fazendo isso.</p><p>Resposta certa: D</p><p>SOLUÇÃO COMPLETA</p><p>A banca deseja que o candidato veja, entre todas as alternativas, aquela que</p><p>corretamente uma palavra destacada substitui a outra. Vamos as traduções:</p><p>a) It has moist lips, glossy hair and vivid eyes that blink slowly.</p><p>Tradução: Ele tem lábios úmidos, cabelos brilhantes e olhos vivos.</p><p>Percebe-se que o “it” refere-se ao robô. Alternativa errada.</p><p>b) Repliee was virtually indistinguishable from an ordinary woman in her 30s.</p><p>In fact, it was a copy of one.</p><p>Tradução: Repliee era virtualmente indistinguível de uma mulher comum em</p><p>seus 30 anos. Na verdade, era uma cópia de uma.</p><p>Percebe-se que “one” esta servindo como substituto, e sim, há casos em que</p><p>one serve gramaticalmente para isso, e não apenas como o número 1. Neste caso</p><p>one refere-se a mulher. Alternativa errada.</p><p>c) A fan of the android character Data from the Star Trek franchise, he sees</p><p>robots as the ideal vehicle to understand more about ourselves.</p><p>Tradução: Um fã do Andróide Data da franquia Star Trek, ele vê robôs como o</p><p>veículo ideal para entender mais sobre nós mesmos.</p><p>Percebe-se que he – esta se referindo ao fã. Alternativa errada</p><p>d) ...behavioral science and neuroscience, and to evaluate human activity, we</p><p>need to implement processes that support it in the</p>