AULA_04_-_ESA_2024

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AULA 04 – Pronouns and Prepositions 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
ESA 
2024 
AULA 04 
Pronouns and Prepositions 
Prof. Leonardo Pontes 
 
 
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AULA 04 – Pronouns and Prepositions 
 
Sumário 
1. INTRODUÇÃO 3 
2. PRONOUNS 4 
Personal pronouns 4 
Possessive Pronouns 6 
Reflexive Pronouns 11 
Demonstrative Pronouns 14 
Indefinite Pronouns 15 
Relative Pronouns 18 
Interrogative Pronouns 20 
3. PREPOSITIONS 22 
Prepositions of place 22 
In 22 
On 23 
At 25 
To 26 
For 26 
6.0 QUESTÕES DE PROVAS ANTERIORES 29 
6.1 GABARITO 83 
7. QUESTÕES COMENTADAS 84 
8.0 VERSÕES DAS AULAS 166 
9.0 REFERÊNCIA BIBLIOGRÁFICA 166 
10.0 CONSIDERAÇÕES FINAIS 167 
 
 
 
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AULA 04 – Pronouns and Prepositions 
 
1. Introdução 
 Vamos, então, à nossa aula sobre outros dois importantes tópicos gramaticais: os 
pronomes e suas classes; os determinantes e suas propriedades; as preposições e suas 
variedades e, também, as conjunções e suas famosas orações coordenadas e subordinadas, 
entre outras. 
 Na língua inglesa, existem muitas classes gramaticais, as quais estamos estudando no 
decorrer das nossas aulas. Mas, a que substitui e determina os substantivos é a classe dos 
pronomes (pronouns). Veremos muitos tipos de pronomes nessa aula. 
Quantifiers – os determinantes, são expressões usadas para indicar informações a respeito 
da quantidade de algo. Veremos muitos tipos deles. 
Prepositions – as famosas preposições – as muitas preposições que existem em Inglês são 
palavras que ligam termos e estabelecem relação entre eles. Vamos estudar as principais 
preposições que podem aparecer na sua prova. 
As Conjunctions – conjunções – são palavras que são usadas para fazer a conexão entre 
palavras ou frases. Veremos muitas e inúmeros exemplos para que fique claro o uso delas nas 
muitas orações em que aparecem. 
As línguas, de forma geral, são sistemas que devemos internalizar naturalmente, mas, 
como o conhecimento da língua consiste em uma fragmentação de conteúdos em regras (com 
muitas exceções), fica complicado aprender e usar bem todos esses tópicos gramaticais, todo esse 
conteúdo proposto em nossas aulas, eu sei disso. Até porque uma língua é parte integrante de 
uma cultura e de suas relações sociais e, como brasileiro, você estuda a língua estrangeira como 
um elemento externo, para capacitar você a conseguir ler e responder as questões no dia da 
prova. 
Vou fornecer ferramentas específicas para simplificar o estudo de pronomes, de 
determinantes, de preposições, de conjunções, assim como de todos os assuntos que abrangem 
o conteúdo programático, e, uma vez preparado para a prova, o caminho para a aprovação será 
mais facilmente percorrido. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
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AULA 04 – Pronouns and Prepositions 
 
2. Pronouns 
Os prounouns – pronomes – são palavras que acompanham os substantivos e podem 
substituí-los (direta ou indiretamente), retomá-los ou fazer referência a eles. 
Sem os pronomes, as orações ficariam confusas e longas demais, como por exemplo, ao 
citar os nomes de 3 pessoas em uma frase, podemos usar o pronome sujeito they (eles/elas), 
remetendo àquelas pessoas, veja: 
Elizabeth, Lourdes and Alexander play golf together. – They play golf together. 
 
Os pronomes em Inglês, de acordo com a função que exercem, são classificados em: 
v pronomes pessoais (personal pronouns: subject e object pronouns) 
v pronomes possessivos (possessive pronouns: possessive adjectives and possessive 
prounouns) 
v pronomes demonstrativos (demonstrative pronouns) 
v pronomes reflexivos (reflexive pronouns) 
v pronomes indefinidos (indefinite pronouns) 
v pronomes relativos (relative pronouns) 
v pronomes interrogativos (interrogative pronouns) 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Personal pronouns 
Os personal pronouns – pronomes pessoais, podem indicar pessoas, lugares e objetos. São 
classificados em: 
 
v Subject Pronouns: os pronomes que funcionam como sujeitos, como por exemplo: 
 
Lavinia is beautiful – She is beautiful. (Lavinia é o substantivo da frase, que está sendo 
substituído pelo Subject Pronoun She) 
 
 
 
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AULA 04 – Pronouns and Prepositions 
 
 
v Object Pronouns: os pronomes que funcionam como objetos, por exemplo: 
 
 
I want to go to the park with Lavinia – I want to go to the park with her. (Lavinia é o 
substantivo da frase, que está sendo substituído pelo Object Pronoun her) 
 
 Os pronomes sujeitos, subject prounouns – vêm no início das frases, na maioria das vezes. 
Isso porque, o sujeito de uma frase é a pessoa que realiza a ação, certo? Pode até ser que o subject 
pronoun apareça no meio de uma frase, mas têm a função de sujeito, de quem realiza a ação, 
como por exemplo: 
 
 
 He works at the office every day – Every day, he works at the office. 
 (Ele trabalha no escritório todos os dias.) (Todos os dias, ele trabalha no escritório.) 
 
 
 
 Já os object pronouns, quase sempre aparecem no fim das frases, na função de objeto 
mesmo, que seriam os objetos direto e indireto. 
 O que você precisa saber (e que nenhum livro diz) é que os pronomes sujeitos e objetos 
têm o mesmo significado, porém colocados em lugares diferentes da frase. 
 Se eu falar “Ela estuda” é “She studies” mas, “Eu estudo com ela”, com a palavra ela no 
final da frase, ela vira um pronome objeto e fica: “I study with her”, entendeu o bizu? 
 Como esses pronomes estão correlacionados, fiz uma tabela para você. Veja qual pronome 
sujeito se refere a cada pronome objeto abaixo, veja os dois tipos de personal pronouns: 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
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AULA 04 – Pronouns and Prepositions 
 
 
 EXAMPLES: 
 
 I am the person. It’s me. (Eu sou a pessoa. Sou eu). 
 
 You are the person. It’s you. (Você é a pessoa. É você). 
 
 He is the person. It’s him. (Ele é a pessoa. É ele). 
 
 She is the person. It’s her. (Ela é a pessoa. É ela). 
 
 It is the object. It’s it. (Ele é o objeto. É ele). 
 
 We are the people. It’s us. (Nós somos as pessoas. Somos nós). 
 
 You are the person. It’s you. (Vocês são as pessoas. São vocês). 
 
 They are the people. It’s them. (Eles são as pessoas. São eles). 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Possessive Pronouns 
Os possessive pronouns são aqueles que indicam que algo pertence a alguém. São 
classificados em possessive adjectives e possessive pronouns (pronomes adjetivos e pronomes 
substantivos). 
Possessive Adjectives: Esses possessivos são sempre são acompanhados por substantivos, 
modificando-os. E eles não têm singular e plural, por exemplo: my significa meu, minha, meus e 
minhas, assim como your significa seu, sua, seus, suas e assim por diante, veja: 
 
 Before leaving, I got my wallet, my keys, my laptop and my books. 
 (Antes de sair, eu peguei minha carteira, minhas chaves, meu laptop e meus livros.)7 
AULA 04 – Pronouns and Prepositions 
 
 
EXAMPLES: 
 
 My car is black. (Meu carro é preto). 
 
 Where is your car? (Onde está o seu carro?) 
 
 His car is black. (O carro dele é preto). 
 
 Where is her car? (Onde está o carro dela?) 
 
 Where is its car? (Onde está o carro dela (loja/concessionária?) 
 
 Where is our car? (Onde está o nosso carro?) 
 
 Your car is black. (Seu carro é preto). 
 
 Their car is black. (O carro deles/delas é preto). 
 
 
 
 
 
Possessive Pronouns: esses pronomes têm a função de substituir o substantivo, 
diferentemente dos pronomes adjetivos, que sempre estão ligados a ele. Eles também não sofrem 
flexão de grau - singular e plural. Esses pronomes sempre estarão, na maioria das vezes, no final 
das frases! Assim fica mais fácil de encontrá-los. 
Na hora da sua prova, em sua análise das alternativas de cada pergunta, você precisa usar 
as técnicas certas – inclusive aquelas aprendidas em nossa primeira aula – para ler os textos com 
maior agilidade e compreender termos que levarão à resolução com segurança. Veja um exemplo 
e o quadro ilustrativo: 
 
 Whose umbrella is this? It’s mine. And the keys? They are mine. 
 (De quem é esse guarda-chuva? É meu. E as chaves? São minhas.) 
 
 
 
 
 
 
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AULA 04 – Pronouns and Prepositions 
 
 
EXAMPLES: 
 
 Whose books are these? De quem são esses livros? They are mine. (São meus). 
 
 Whose books are these? De quem são esses livros? They are yours. (São seus). 
 
 Whose books are these? De quem são esses livros? They are his. (São dele). 
 
 Whose books are these? De quem são esses livros? They are hers. (São dela). 
 
 Whose books are these? De quem...livros? They are its. (São dela - loja/biblioteca). 
 
 Whose books are these? De quem são esses livros? They are ours. (São nossos). 
 
 Whose books are these? De quem são esses livros? They are yours. (São seus). 
 
 Whose books are these? De quem são esses livros? They are theirs. (São meus). 
 
 
 
Agora, depois de tantos pronomes, vamos visualizá-los em textos de exercícios cobrados 
em provas anteriores. Vou mostrar os textos e explicar a que se referem, para comprovar nossos 
estudos. E logo, mais pronomes de outras categorias. Let’s go! 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
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AULA 04 – Pronouns and Prepositions 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Nesse texto, da prova IME/2018, sobre os pronomes sublinhados, os dois primeiros são 
object pronouns, them e se referem, respectivamente às minhocas – waxworms: elas, pronome 
them e às larvas – caterpillars, também elas, pronome them. 
O terceiro, her, é um possessive adjective, que se refere à Federica Bertocchini, portanto, 
dela. 
O último sublinhado – their – é outro possessive adjective, que se refere às waxworms, 
portanto, delas. 
Você não precisa decorar esses nomes para o dia da prova. Porém, precisa saber onde cada 
pronome se encaixa, entendê-los e identificar como são usados nas frases. Veja também, por 
curiosidade, uma questão ITA/2018: 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
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AULA 04 – Pronouns and Prepositions 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Nessa charge, da prova ITA/2018, sobre os pronomes sublinhados, os dois primeiros são 
possessive adjectives, your se refere à Helga (your husband – seu marido), em uma frase sobre o 
marido ser preguiçoso (lazy). Ela responde que o trabalho dele (his job) é difícil (hard). 
Depois, um object pronoun: é dito que todos servem a ele (him), significando ele. 
E o último é também um possessive adjective: ... a pilllow for my back (um travesseiro para 
minhas costas). 
E agora, um quadro só, com os dois tipos de possessive pronouns, para ficar mais fácil ainda 
de memorizar e comparar ambos os tipos de possessivos. E, não se esqueça dos bizus de como 
memorizá-los com mais facilidade. Vamos lá! 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
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AULA 04 – Pronouns and Prepositions 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Reflexive Pronouns 
Os reflexive pronouns – pronomes reflexivos são aqueles que praticam a ação sobre si 
mesmo (eu mesmo, você mesmo etc). São usados de acordo com o sujeito da oração, sempre. 
São palavras que têm os sufixos “-self” (singular) e “-selves” (plural). 
Os reflexive pronouns possuem 3 funções: 
v Função reflexiva: é quando o pronome concorda com o sujeito e aparece 
depois dele: 
 
Lisa was looking herself in the mirror. (Lisa estava se olhando no espelho). 
 
v Função enfática: é quando o pronome concorda com o sujeito e se posiciona 
depois desse sujeito ou então do objeto. 
 
Lisa herself prepared the sandwich. (Lisa mesma preparou o sanduíche). 
 
 
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AULA 04 – Pronouns and Prepositions 
 
 
v Função idiomática: é quando o pronome vem precedido da preposição by, 
para indicar que o sujeito praticou a ação sozinho. 
 
 Lisa likes studying by herself. (Lisa gosta de estudar sozinha. – só ela.) 
 
Veja um exemplo e o quadro ilustrativo: 
 
 EXAMPLES: 
 I cut myself with a knife. Eu me cortei com a faca. 
 You cut yourself with a knife. Você se cortou com a faca. 
 He cut himself with a knife. Ele se cortou com a faca. 
 She cut herself with a knife. Ela se cortou com a faca. 
 It cut itself with a knife. Ele se cortou com a faca. (um animal, por exemplo) 
 We cut ourselves with a knife. Nós nos cortamos com a faca. 
 You cut yourselves with a knife. Vocês se cortaram com a faca. 
 They cut themselves with a knife. Eles se cortaram com a faca. 
 
Vejamos uma tabela dos pronomes que estudamos até agora, com as devidas 
classificações. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
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AULA 04 – Pronouns and Prepositions 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Se analisarmos a própria palavra pronome, “pro” significa “em função de”.Logo, é possível 
concluir que “pronome” é sinônimo de algo que está “em função do nome”. Por isso, os pronomes 
existem para remeter, retomar ou qualificar outras palavras expressas nos textos. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
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AULA 04 – Pronouns and Prepositions 
 
Demonstrative Pronouns 
Os demonstrative pronouns – pronomes demonstrativos, são apenas 4 e são simples de 
entender. São usados para situar a posição de algo no espaço em que se encontra. São aqueles 
pronomes que mostram, indicam algo que pode estar perto ou longe. Veja uma tabela e uma 
ilustração com esses pronomes. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
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AULA 04 – Pronouns and Prepositions 
 
Indefinite Pronouns 
Os indefinite pronouns – pronomes indefinidos, recebem esse nome porque substituem ou 
acompanham o substantivo, porém, de forma indeterminada. Eles oferecem a ideia, por exemplo, 
de algum lugar, alguma coisa, alguém, qualquer lugar, qualquer pessoa, entre outros nomes 
imprecisos dentro das orações. 
Os pronomes indefinidos começam com as palavras some, any, no e every. E terminam com 
os sufixos -body, -one, -thing, -where, entre outros, a depender do contexto. 
Em geral, usa-se -some, -every e -no em frases afirmativas, -any em frases negativas e 
interrogativas. 
Aqui, vale lembrar algumas diferenças entre some e any, só para ilustrar: some para frases 
afirmativas e any para negativas e interrogativas, ambas as palavras significam algum, alguma, 
alguns, algumas e, dependendo do contexto, nas negativas, significam nenhum/nenhuma, ok? 
Vejamos alguns exemplos para ilustrar: 
 
 
 
 
 
 
São muitos os pronomes indefinidos e, por isso, precisamos analisar diferentes exemplos 
que podem estar presentes nos textos de forma geral. Vou mostrar variados exemplos abaixo, 
nos quadros que seguem: 
 
 I think somebody has arrived. Eu acho que alguém chegou. 
 
 I believe someone forgot the book. Eu acredito que alguém esqueceu o livro. 
 
 She said something is wrong. Ela disse que alguma coisa está errada. 
 
 He is somewhere in Europe. Ele está em algum lugar na Europa. 
 
 I have to get there someway. Eu tenho que chegar lá de alguma maneira. 
 
 
 
 
 
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AULA 04 – Pronouns and Prepositions 
 
 
 I can’t see anybody in the room. Não consigo ver ninguém na sala. 
 
 He didn’t see anyone there. Ele não viu ninguém lá. 
 
 I won’t do anything at the moment. Não consigo fazer nada nesse momento. 
 
 I can’t go anywhere. Não posso ir em lugar nenhum/qualquer lugar. 
 
 She is going home anyway. Ela está indo para casa de qualquer forma/jeito. 
 
 
 
 
 She said nobody won the medal. Ela disse que ninguém ganhou a medalha. 
 No one came to college yesterday. Ninguém veio à faculdade ontem. 
 None of the exercises are right. Nenhum dos exercícios está certo. 
 There is nothing I can do. Não há nada que eu possa fazer. 
 She is going nowhere. Ela não está indo para lugar nenhum. 
 She is going home anyway. Ela está indo para de qualquer forma/jeito. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
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AULA 04 – Pronouns and Prepositions 
 
 
 Everybody is going to the party. Todos vão para a festa. 
I talked to everyone at the party. Eu falei com todos da festa. 
She is doing everything she can. Ela está fazendo tudo o que pode. 
I’ve been everywhere in this city. Já estive em todos os lugares dessa cidade. 
He drove every way at the race. Ele dirigiu em todos os sentidos na corrida. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Uma vez dominadas essas palavras, a compreensão e busca pelas respostas fica mais 
acessível, não é mesmo? Por isso, eu sempre gosto de enfatizar a importância de se conhecer os 
termos gramaticais, sejam eles pronomes, verbos, preposições, artigos. 
Basta estudar! Conte comigo. 
 
 
 
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AULA 04 – Pronouns and Prepositions 
 
 
Relative Pronouns 
Os relative pronouns – pronomes relativos, são palavras que exercem a função de sujeito 
ou de objeto nas frases. Quando for sujeito, haverá um substantivo antes desse pronome. Mas, 
quando aparecer após um verbo, com ou sem preposição, então, estamos falando de um 
pronome relativo com função de objeto. 
Em ambas as situações, o que importa é saber a estrutura e entender para que e onde são 
usados tais pronomes nos textos, independentemente da função que exercem. 
Vejamos um quadro com os nomes dos pronomes e vamos falar dos detalhes de cada um 
deles para compreender melhor. 
 
 
 
 
 
Na função de sujeito, os pronomes relativos são: who (para pessoas), which (para 
objetos/animais) e that (para pessoas e objetos: neutro). 
 
The man who arrived is charming. (O homem que chegou é charmoso). 
O pronome se refere ao homem que chegou: o sujeito 
 
Na função de objeto, temos os pronomes relativos who/whom (para pessoas) e também 
which (para objetos/animais) e that (para pessoas e objetos: neutro). 
 
She didn’t say who arrived. (Ela não disse quem chegou). 
O pronome se refere ao homem que chegou (objeto) e não a ela (sujeito) 
 
 
Vejamos outros exemplos com o uso de diferentes pronomes relativos: 
 
The girl who disappeared studied with me. (A garota que desapareceu estudava comigo). 
O pronome se refere à garota que desapareceu: o sujeito 
 
They didn’t show who the magician was. (Eles não mostraram quem era o mágico). 
 
 
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AULA 04 – Pronouns and Prepositions 
 
O pronome se refere ao mágico que chegou: o sujeito 
 
Veja o quadro ilustrativo: 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Os pronomes vistos acima, com os respectivos exemplos, também são muito cobrados nas 
provas. Independentemente da maneira como esses pronomes aparecerem nos textos, se você 
entender o funcionamento de cada um deles dentro do contexto, saberá responder as questões 
da prova. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
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AULA 04 – Pronouns and Prepositions 
 
Interrogative Pronouns 
Os interrogative pronouns – pronomes interrogativos, também chamados de Question 
Words, são aquelas palavras utilizadas para fazer perguntas, termos que representam aquilo que 
queremos saber: o lugar, o motivo, a hora, o dia, entre outros. Vejamos alguns exemplos: 
 
o What is your favorite fruit? Grapes. (Qual é a sua fruta favorita?) Uvas. 
o Which fruit do you prefer, apple or pear? Pear. (Qual fruta você prefere, maçã 
ou pera?) Pera. 
 
o Where do you go on the weekends? To the club. (Onde você vai nos fins de 
semana?) Ao clube. 
o When is Christmas? It’s on December 24th. (Quando é o Natal? É 24 de 
dezembro). 
o How do you go to work? By bus. (Como você vai para o trabalho?) De ônibus. 
o Who is that boy over there? It’s my brother. (Quem é aquele garoto lá?) É 
meu irmão. 
o To whom did he give the present? To me. (Para quem ele deu o presente?) 
Para mim. 
o Whose house is that ? It’s mine. (De quem é aquela casa?) Minha. 
o Why do you study English? Because I need. (Por que você estuda alemão?)Porque eu preciso. 
 
 Observação: Você percebeu que usamos dois pronomes interrogativos para fazer 
perguntas com a palavra qual – WHAT/WHICH – sendo What para perguntas gerais “O quê/Qual”. 
Mas, se for uma escolha – “Qual você prefere, esse ou aquele?”, usamos “Which”. 
 ‘What’ e ‘Which’ têm a mesma tradução, mas o momento em que se usa cada um é 
diferente, já que ‘what’ não apresenta restrições como o pronome interrogativo ‘which’ é usado 
somente quando há um número limitado de opções. Vejamos o quadro ilustrativo: 
 
 
 
 
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AULA 04 – Pronouns and Prepositions 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Os pronomes interrogativos, nos textos, são usados quando há perguntas dentro de um 
contexto e, na maioria das vezes, a resposta vem logo em seguida. 
Ou, às vezes, são leituras mais técnicas, reflexivas, artigos científicos, entre outros, em que 
há perguntas sem resposta dentro dos textos. E precisam de respostas mais amplas do que um 
“sim” ou um “não”. Por isso aparecem, nas alternativas de resposta, algumas opções como um 
lugar ou horário e, se você souber qual é o pronome, acerta a questão.Veremos questões com 
esses pronomes adiante para praticar. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
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AULA 04 – Pronouns and Prepositions 
 
3. Prepositions 
As prepositions (preposições) são palavras ou grupos de palavras que ligam e 
estabelecem relações dentro das frases. Nessas relações, um termo explica ou completa o 
sentido do outro. As preposições mais importantes e mais usadas nas provas são as preposições 
de lugar e de tempo. 
 
 
 
Prepositions of place 
 As preposições de lugar são muito importantes, pois elas são responsáveis por fazer com 
que o falante possa expressar com precisão a posição exata de alguém ou alguma coisa. Algumas 
das mais utilizadas são: 
 
ü In - dependendo do contexto pode significar: dentro de; em; de; no e na. 
ü On - dependendo do contexto pode significar: sobre a; em cima de; acima de; em; no; na. 
ü At - dependendo do contexto pode significar: à; em; na; no. 
ü To - dependendo do contexto pode significar: para; a. 
ü For - dependendo do contexto pode significar: para; durante; por. 
 
 
 
 
 
In 
 A preposição in é utilizada no seguintes casos: 
 
1) Para indicar tempo, seja o ano, o mês, as estações do ano ou uma parte do dia. 
Exemplos: 
• I study in the evening. (Eu estudo a noite.) 
• He plays volleyball in the afternoon. (Ele joga vôlei de tarde.) 
 
 
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AULA 04 – Pronouns and Prepositions 
 
• My birthday is in April. (Meu aniversário dela é em abril.) 
• My brother was born in 2012. (Meu irmão nasceu em 2012.) 
• We always visit New York in the summer. ( Nós sempre visitamos Nova Iorque no verão). 
 
 Nessa regra existe uma exceção em relação ao termo “night”. Nesse caso, a preposição 
utilizada é o “at”, por exemplo: at night (à noite – madrugada, após dormir). 
 
2) Para indicar lugar, seja uma cidade, um país ou qualquer local específico. 
Exemplos: 
• She lives in Italy. (Ela mora na Itália.) 
• He works in São Paulo. (Ele trabalha em São Paulo.) 
• Some people like to have a TV in the bedroom. (Algumas pessoas gostam de ter uma TV no 
quarto.) 
• They left the dog in the house. (Eles deixaram o cachorro na casa.) 
• He is waiting for me in the living room. (Ele está me esperando na sala.) 
 
 
 
 
On 
 A preposição on é utilizada nos seguintes casos: 
 
1) Para indicar tempo. No entanto, diferentemente do “in” ela é usada para datas específicas. 
Exemplos: 
• I was born on March 10th. (Eu nasci no em 10 de março.) 
• He studies English on Tuesdays and Thursdays .(Ele estuda Inglês às terças e quintas.) 
• Joanne bought a new car on November 17th. (Joanne comprou um carro novo dia 17 de 
novembro.) 
• They always go out on Saturdays. (Eles sempre saem aos sábados.) 
• I will travel on December 18th. ( Vou viajar dia 18 de dezembro.) 
• She will go to the park on Sunday. (Ela vai ao parque no domingo.) 
 
 
 
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AULA 04 – Pronouns and Prepositions 
 
2) Para indicar lugares e objetos. Todavia, diferentemente do “in” ela é usada para locais e objetos 
que possuem uma superfície. Nesse caso, ela significa em cima de. 
Exemplos: 
• The book is on the bed. (O livro está em cima da cama). 
• The cushion is on the floor. (A almofada está no chão.) 
• My dog sleeps on the couch. (Meu cachorro dorme em cima do/no sofá). 
• I will put the paper on my desk. (Vou colocar o papel em cima da/na mesinha.) 
• She left her blouse on that chair. (Ela deixou a blusa dela em cima daquela/naquela 
cadeira.) 
 
 
3) Para referir meios eletrônicos onde informações são disponibilizadas. 
Exemplos: 
• I checked that information on the company’s website. (Eu chequei aquela informação no 
site da empresa.) 
• Don’t believe everything you see on the Internet. (Não acredite em tudo que você lê na 
Internet.) 
• The principal can’t talk to you now because he is on the phone. (O diretor não pode falar 
com você agora pois está ao telefone.) 
• They watched the concert live on TV. (Eles assistiram o show ao vivo na TV.) 
 
 
4) Para indicar nomes de ruas ou avenidas. 
Exemplos: 
• I live on Alvaro Luiz Street. (Eu moro na rua Álvaro Luiz.) 
• She wrote a book about a guy who lived on Seventh Street. (Ela escreveu um livro sobre 
um cara que morava na Seventh Street.) 
• There are many famous places on Oxford Street. (Há muitos lugares famosos na rua 
Oxford.) 
• There is a bull statue on Wall Street, in New York. (Há uma estátua de um touro na Wall 
Street.) 
• They've got a company on Madison Avenue. (Eles têm uma empresa na Madison Avenue). 
 
 Entretanto, se ao endereço for acrescido o número, utiliza-se o "at": 
 
 
 25 
AULA 04 – Pronouns and Prepositions 
 
Exemplos: 
• I live at 300 Karl Street. (Eu moro na rua Karl, nº 300.) 
• He wrote a book about a man who lived at 25 Baker Street. (Ele escreveu um livro sobre 
um homem que morava na Baker Street, nº 25.) 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
At 
 A preposição at é utilizada nos seguintes casos: 
 
1) Para indicar horários 
Exemplo: 
• I woke up at 6 am. (Acordei às 06:00h.) 
• The concert is at 8 pm. (O show é às 20h.) 
• Our flight will leave at 3 o'clock. (Nosso voo sairá às três horas.) 
• My friends usually eat dinner at 10 pm. (Meus amigos geralmente jantam às 10h.) 
• She finished the exam at 2 pm. (Ela terminou a prova às 14h.) 
 
 
2) Para indicar locais específicos. 
Exemplos: 
• She has snacks at work every day. (Ela lancha no trabalho todos os dias.) 
• I saw him reading the newspaper at the café. (Eu o vi lendo o jornal no café.) 
• She is at the hospital to visit her mom. (Ela está no hospital para visitar sua mãe.) 
• She is waiting for her dad at the airport. (Ela está esperando o pai no aeroporto.) 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 26 
AULA 04 – Pronouns and Prepositions 
 
To 
 A preposição to é utilizada nos seguintes casos: 
1) Para indicar movimento, posição, destino ou direção. 
We are going to Greece. (Nós vamos para a Grécia). 
 
 
2) Para indicar duração de tempo (início e fim de um período). 
I studied English from 2015 to 2018. (Eu estudei Inglês de 2015 a 2018). 
 
 
3) Para indicar distância. 
It’s about 2 blocks from the supermarket to my house. (São cerca de 2 quarteirões do 
supermercado até minha casa). 
 
 
4) Para indicar comparação entre coisas. 
I prefer going to the movies to watch TV (Eu prefiro ir ao cinema a assistir TV). 
 
 
5) Para indicar o motivo ou propósito. Nesse caso, a preposição é seguida de verbo. 
We go out to relax and have fun. (Nós saímos para relaxar e nos divertir). 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
For 
 A preposição for é utilizada nos seguintes casos: 
1) Para indicar duração de tempo. 
I’ve worked at school for six years. (Trabalhei na escola por seis anos). 
 
 
 
 
 27 
AULA04 – Pronouns and Prepositions 
 
2) Para indicar finalidade. Nesse caso, é seguido de gerúndio. 
A tape is used for fixing things. (Uma fita é usada para consertar as coisas). 
 
 
3) Para indicar benefício ou favor. 
Working out is very good for the health. (Fazer exercícios é muito bom para a saúde). 
 
 
4) Para indicar motivo ou propósito. No entanto, diferentemente do “to” ele é seguido de 
substantivo. 
This space is for guests only. (Este espaço é só para convidados). 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Vimos que as preposições são palavras curtas, que geralmente vem depois de um 
substantivo. As preposições são muito cobradas nas provas. Pelo fato de haver muitas 
preposições com vários significados e, como não há uma regra específica de como e quando 
devemos usá-las, o melhor jeito para aprender as preposições é lendo muito, fazendo muitos 
exercícios de provas anteriores para aprender aos poucos. 
 Vou mostrar a você um quadro ilustrativo com as preposições que mais apareceram em 
exercícios de variados vestibulares e que, são realmente mais comuns de forma geral. Conte 
comigo! Vamos lá! 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 28 
AULA 04 – Pronouns and Prepositions 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 29 
AULA 04 – Pronouns and Prepositions 
 
 
 
6.0 QUESTÕES DE PROVAS ANTERIORES 
 
 
 
 
1. (Estratégia Militares 2020 – EEAR/INÉDITA) 
In “The next November, after the crops were harvested, the Pilgrims gave thanks to God at a feast 
to which they invited the Indians.” (lines 9, 10 and 11), the underlined word refers to 
No trecho, a expressão to which tem o sentido de “para o qual”, referindo-se o termo which a 
“feast”, o banquete, veja: no novembro seguinte, após a colheita, os peregrinos deram graças a 
Deus em um banquete para o qual convidaram os índios. (convidaram os índios para o banquete). 
a) they 
Como vimos, o termo se refere a feast, banquete, não a eles, they. ERRADA. 
b) feast 
Alternativa CORRETA, conforme explicado acima. 
c) God 
 
 
 30 
AULA 04 – Pronouns and Prepositions 
 
Como vimos, o termo se refere a feast, banquete, não a Deus, God. ERRADA. 
d) the Indians 
Como vimos, o termo se refere a feast, banquete, não aos índios, the Indians. ERRADA. 
 
 
2. (Estratégia Militares 2020 – EEAR/2015) 
Fill in the blanks with the suitable option 
Nessa questão, se você lembrasse que para datas com o dia a preposição é sempre ON, já seria 
possível acertá-la, pois só há uma alternativa começando com ON. 
___ the 31st of October = datas com o dia → preposition ON many people ___ England, in the 
United States and even in Brazil prepare to celebrate Halloween, or the Witches Day. = lugares 
como bairros, cidades, estados, países, continentes → preposition IN 
Many years later in England, farmers used to go _____house _____house to ask for food. = 
expressão de casa em casa → de – origem = FROM / em – para onde está indo = TO. 
ü on – in – from – to 
 
a) for – to – on – in 
b) on – in – from – to 
c) to – from – in – for 
d) since – for – from – to 
 
 
 31 
AULA 04 – Pronouns and Prepositions 
 
 
 
3. (Estratégia Militares 2020 – EEAR/INÉDITA) 
In “... and it will be lit every night until 6 January.” (line 11), “6 January” 
O “pulo do gato” aqui era perceber que until significa até, indicando que seis de janeiro é até 
quando o evento de Natal vai acontecer, ou seja, estabelecendo um prazo final. 
a) represents when the action will begin. 
representa quando a ação começará- na verdade, representa quando a ação vai terminar. 
ERRADA. 
b) indicates the deadline for the event. 
indica a data limite para o evento- CORRETA, conforme explicado acima. A árvore de natal 
será acesa até dia 6 de janeiro. 
c) refers to a past date. 
refere-se a uma data passada- como vimos, refere-se a uma data futura em relação ao 
momento em que o texto foi escrito. ERRADA. 
d) shows the date the text was written- 
mostra a data em que o texto foi escrito- o texto foi escrito antes de 6 de janeiro, pois 
projeta nessa data o fim do evento de Natal que notícia. ERRADA. 
 
Read the extract and answer question 4 
“Miss Emlyn read us some of it. I asked Mummy to 
read some more. I liked it. It has a wonderful sound. A 
brave new world. There isn’t anything really like that, 
is there?” 
“You don’t believe in it?” 
“Do you?” 
“There is always a brave new world”, said Poirot, “but 
only, you know, for very special people. The lucky 
ones. The ones who carry the making of that world 
within ________.” 
(Adapted from Agatha Christie, Hallowe’em Party) 
 
 
 32 
AULA 04 – Pronouns and Prepositions 
 
 
 
4. (Estratégia Militares 2020 – EEAR/2016) 
Fill in the blank, in the text, with the appropriate reflexive pronoun. 
a) yourselves 
b) yourself 
c) ourselves 
d) themselves 
 
5. (Estratégia Militares 2020 – EEAR/2016) 
Choose another way of saying “There isn’t anything really like that.” 
a) There is nothing really like that. 
b) There is anything really like that. 
c) There aren’t no things really like that. 
d) There are much things really like that. 
 
Read the text and answer question 6. 
Dear Sam, 
I’m having a wonderful time in Paris. I didn’t have _____ time to write last week because I took a 
tour of some flea markets. I bought ______ beautiful vintage clothes. I also got some interesting 
old books for you. 
(…) 
Love, 
Anna. 
(Adapted from: BONNER, M; FUCHS, M. Grammar Express Basic – For Self-Study and Classroom 
Use. 1 ed. New York: Longman, 2001. p. 99). 
 
6. (Estratégia Militares 2020 – EEAR/2016) 
Fill in the blanks, in the text, with the appropriate quantifiers: 
a) any – a 
b) any – some 
c) some – any 
d) some – some 
 
Read the text and answer question 7. 
Plane crashed in France 
A plane which was flying ______ Barcelona ______ 
Dusseldorf crashed in the French Alps last Tuesday. 
Nobody survived of the 144 passengers and 6 crew on 
board. 
Among the passengers were 16 school children and two 
teachers from a German school. It is also thought that 
two babies were on board the aeroplane. 
The German airline says that it believes that the crash 
 
 
 33 
AULA 04 – Pronouns and Prepositions 
 
was an accident, but it’s still working to establish the 
exact cause. 
GLOSSARY 
Crew - um grupo de pessoas que trabalham na aeronave. 
 
7. (Estratégia Militares 2020 – EEAR/2016) 
Fill in the blanks, in the text, with the appropriate preposition, respectively: 
a) of / from 
b) from / to 
c) of / for 
d) at / of 
 
8. (Estratégia Militares 2020 – EEAR/2016) Choose the alternative that best completes the 
dialogue below. 
Mary: Whose pencil is that? Is it yours, Paul? 
Paul: No, it’s not ____. I saw Susan using it. I think it’s ____. 
a) mine - him 
b) mine - hers 
c) my - hers 
d) my – her 
 
Read the text and answer question 9. 
Thomas Edison tried two thousand different materials in search of a filament for the light bulb. 
When none worked satisfactorily, his assistant complained, “All our work is in vain. We have 
learned nothing.” 
Edison replied very confidently, “Oh, we have come a long way and we have learned a lot. We 
know that there are two thousand elements which we cannot use to make a good light bulb.” 
(Adapted from academictips.org) 
 
9. (Estratégia Militares 2020 – EEAR/2016) The sentence “We have learned nothing”, in the text, 
can be replaced by 
a) We have learned anything. 
b) We haven’t learned anything. 
c) We haven’t learned something. 
d) We haven’t learned everything. 
 
Read the text and answer question 10. 
Will’s experience at the airport 
After his return _____ Rome, Will couldn’t find his luggage in the airport baggage area. He wentto the lost luggage office and told the woman there that his bags hadn’t arrived on the carousel. 
She smiled and told him not to worry because they were trained professionals and he was in good 
hands. 
Then she asked Will, “Has your plane arrived yet?” 
(Adapted from academictips.org) 
 
 
 34 
AULA 04 – Pronouns and Prepositions 
 
 
10. (Estratégia Militares 2020 – EEAR/2016) The correct preposition that fills in the blank in the 
text is 
a) at 
b) by 
c) for 
d) from 
 
 
 
11. (Estratégia Militares 2020 – EEAR/INÉDITA) 
The correct prepositions to respectively fill in the blanks in the text are 
a) of / to 
b) from / too 
c) from / to 
d) of / in 
 
 
 35 
AULA 04 – Pronouns and Prepositions 
 
 
 
 
 
 
12. (Estratégia Militares 2020 – EEAR/2011) 
Choose the right alternative to have the blanks filled, respectively 
 
 
 36 
AULA 04 – Pronouns and Prepositions 
 
a) who / who 
b) which / that 
c) that / which 
d) which / who 
 
 
 
13. (Estratégia Militares 2020 – EEAR/2010) 
Fill in the blank with the suitable preposition. 
a) On 
b) At 
c) In 
d) From 
 
 
 
14. (Estratégia Militares 2020 – EEAR/INÉDITA) 
In “his digestion in another” (lines 8 and 9), the word “his” is ____________ . 
a) a possessive adverb. 
b) the genitive case. 
c) a reflexive pronoun. 
 
 
 37 
AULA 04 – Pronouns and Prepositions 
 
d) a possessive adjective. 
 
 
 
 
 
15. (Estratégia Militares 2020 – EEAR/2010) 
“They”, in bold in the text, is related to 
a) people. 
b) scientists. 
c) some smells. 
d) wood and leaves. 
 
 
 
16. (Estratégia Militares 2020 – EEAR/2010) 
In “They are more interesting than lions and tigers ...”, (lines 2 and 3), it means that 
a) dolphins, lions and tigers are equal in some way. 
b) tigers and lions are less interesting than dolphins. 
c) there are no circus animals so interesting as dolphins. 
d) dolphins compared with lions and tigers are less interesting. 
 
 
 38 
AULA 04 – Pronouns and Prepositions 
 
 
Read the text and answer question 17. 
Hijacked jets destroy Twin Towers: a creeping horror 
The horror arrived in epsodic bursts of chilling disbelief, signified first by trembling floors, sharp 
eruptions, cracked windows. There was the cruel sight of bodies helplessly tumbling out, some 
of _____ in flames. 
Finally, the high and impressive towers themselves were reduced to nothing. Dense plumes of 
smoke raced through the downtown avenues, coursing between the buildings, shaped like 
tornadoes on their sides. 
Every sound was cause for alarm. A plane appeared overhead. Was another one coming? No, it 
was a fighter jet. But was it friend or enemy? People scrambled for _____ lives, but _____ didn’t 
know where to go. Should people go north, south, east, west? Stay outside, go indoors? People 
hid beneath cars and each other. Some contemplated jumping into the river (…). 
Fonte:The New York Times, Sep. 12, 2001. 
GLOSSARY 
chilling disbelief – incredulidade assustadora 
trembling floors – o tremor dos andares 
to scramble – lutar 
 
17. (Estratégia Militares 2020 – EEAR/2017) 
 Choose the best pronouns to have the text completed, respectively: 
a) them – their – they 
b) they – them – their 
c) their – they – them 
d) them – they – their 
 
Read the text and answer question 18. 
My neighbors love Christmas, but I don’t. In fact, if I can be completely honest, I hate Christmas. 
Maybe it’s because Christmas was always a little depressing when I was a young boy. Anyway, 
my neighbors really love Christmas and every year they decorate the inside and outside of their 
house with big, bright lights. This year, however, they really exaggerated: their lights are so 
bright that I can’t sleep at night! Tomorrow I am going to speak to my neighbors and ask that 
the lights __________ reduced or removed. 
 
18. (Estratégia Militares 2020 – EEAR/2018) 
The word “anyway”, underlined in the text, was used to __________. 
a) indicate a place that does not exist 
b) return to a previous topic in the text 
c) state the good or bad quality of something 
d) mention the time at which something happened 
 
Read the text and answer question 19. 
The pilot of a Beech Baron airplane noticed that one of his engines was on fire. He contacted the 
nearest air traffic control center to ask for help. 
 
 
 39 
AULA 04 – Pronouns and Prepositions 
 
The voice __________ the radio answered, “This is the Control Tower. “Please inform your 
altitude”. 
The pilot replied, “We are at 30,000 feet”. 
 
19. (Estratégia Militares 2020 – EEAR/2018) 
 Choose the best alternative to complete the blank in the text. 
a) on 
b) for 
c) into 
d) until 
 
Read the text and answer question 20. 
Economic crisis increases consumption of rice and beans in Brazil 
The economic crisis is making the Brazilian consumer exchange meat for the traditional dish of 
rice and beans. High unemployment and falling incomes, together with the low prices of these 
products, caused by good harvest, are responsible for the increase in demand, __________ will 
be 15% to 20% this month, compared to the prediction for the year. The average consumption 
per capita is around 3, 5 kilos of rice and 1, 5 kilo of beans. 
Fonte: Folha de São Paulo – Internacional -10/05/2017 
GLOSSARY 
harvest = colheita 
average consumption = consumo médio 
 
20. (Estratégia Militares 2020 – EEAR/2018) 
 Choose the alternative that best completes the blank in the text: 
a) who 
b) which 
c) whom 
d) whose 
 
Read the text and answer question 21. 
It’s never too late to make changes to prevent diseases that may end your flying career. And 
becoming healthier doesn’t mean you have to make major changes. Here are some tips on what 
you can do today to keep yourself in the air for years to come. 
- take the stairs instead of riding the elevator; 
- limit red meat; 
- consume more vegetables; 
- wear UV-blocking sunglasses; 
- walk more; 
- try a yoga class; 
- don’t smoke; 
- drink a lot of water; 
- find an activity that you love after retirement. 
Fonte:http://goo.gl/W3uCrU Acess 30/05/2017 
 
 
 
 40 
AULA 04 – Pronouns and Prepositions 
 
21. (Estratégia Militares 2020 – EEAR/2018) 
 The word “yourself”, in bold in the text, is a __________ pronoun. 
a) personal 
b) reflexive 
c) possessive 
d) demonstrative 
 
Read the text and answer question 22. 
“Cracolândia” drug addicts have already spread to more than 20 different areas in São Paulo 
Five days after a police operation in Cracolândia (Crackland) in the center of São Paulo, drug 
addicts 
have spread to various parts of the region, such as Paulista avenue, as well as the space 
underneath the João Goulart overpass, which is also known as the Minhocão. 
The officers from the GCM (the Metropolitan Civil Guard) have accompanied the movement of 
those who belonged to the “flow” (fluxo) – a term used to describe outdoor areas where people 
negotiate and consume drugs. 
Fonte: Folha de São Paulo – Internacional – 26/05/2017 
GLOSSARY 
overpass = viaduto, elevado 
 
22. (Estratégia Militares 2020 – EEAR/2018) 
 The words “after”, “in”, “of” and “from”, in bold in the text, are __________. 
a) articles 
b) adverbs 
c) pronouns 
d) prepositions 
 
Read the text and answer question 23. 
Kenosha shooting: National Guard deployed after black man shot 
The governor of the US state of Wisconsin has deployed the National Guard to maintain 
"public safety" after police shot a black man on Sunday. 
Jacob Blake is reportedly in a stable condition after officers shot him multiple times as he tried 
to get into a car in the city of Kenosha. Protests erupted in the city soon after, and authorities 
imposed an emergency overnight curfew. Governor Tony Evers has now called up the National 
Guard to aid local police. 
In a press release, Governor Evers said the "limited mobilisation" - made at the request of local 
officials - was to help law enforcement "protect critical infrastructure"and make sure people 
can demonstrate safely. 
"Every person should be able to express their anger and frustration by exercising their First 
Amendment rights and report on these calls to action without any fear of being unsafe," he said. 
A curfew will also come into effect at 20:00 local time (01:00 GMT) until 07:00 on Tuesday. 
The governor also called a special session of the state legislature on 31 August to discuss a 
package of laws announced earlier this year on accountability and transparency of the police. 
 
 
 41 
AULA 04 – Pronouns and Prepositions 
 
Mr Evers announced the legislation in the wake of the police killing of George Floyd in the 
neighbouring state of Minnesota. His death in May highlighted police brutality and racism in the 
US and sparked protests around the world. 
What's the latest from Kenosha? 
Hundreds of people marched on police headquarters on Sunday night to demonstrate against 
the shooting. Vehicles were set on fire and protesters shouted "we won't back down" as officers 
used tear gas to try to disperse the crowds. Organisers have called for further demonstrations in 
the Wisconsin city on Monday. 
Clyde McLemore, a member of a nearby chapter of the Black Lives Matter movement, issued a 
call on Facebook for a march through the city starting at midday. 
Reports suggest up to 200 members of the National Guard will be deployed on Monday. 
Lawmakers "have failed to act" in the two months since he announced the "commonsense 
policies", the governor tweeted. "I am urging the Legislature to rise to this occasion and give this 
special session the urgent and productive effort this moment demands and that the people of 
Wisconsin deserve," he wrote. 
Adapted from https://www.bbc.com/news/world-us-canada-53897641. 
 
23. (Estratégia Militares 2020 - Inédita) 
The underlined words in the text in paragraphs 1 and 5 refer, respectively, to: 
a) Officers / George Floyd 
b) Officers / neighbouring state of Minnesota 
c) Jacob Blake / George Floyd 
d) Jacob Blake / neighbouring state of Minnesota 
 
Read the text and answer question 24. 
Want an Uber? You may have to send a masked selfie first 
 Since mid-May, Uber has required drivers to take selfies to verify they are wearing a mask or 
face covering before they are able to pick up riders. Soon, certain riders will also be required to 
take a selfie prior to ordering a ride. 
 The company said Tuesday that passengers who have previously been reported by a driver for 
not wearing a mask will be required to take a selfie for mask verification purposes when 
requesting their next ride. 
 The passenger mask verification feature is slated to roll out in the US and Canada by the end of 
the month, and will expand to Latin America and other countries thereafter, the company said 
in a blog post Tuesday. 
 Enforcement of mask use, as recommended by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention 
to help slow the spread of the coronavirus, has proven to be difficult, in both public and private 
spaces. In Ubers and Lyfts, riders have had to confirm they are wearing a mask or face covering 
before hailing a ride for several months now, but enforcement has come down to being 
reported by a driver. 
 Now, there will be an added layer once a rider violates the policy. 
 "We firmly believe that accountability is a two-way street," wrote Sachin Kansal, Uber's global 
head of safety product, in the blog post. 
 
 
 42 
AULA 04 – Pronouns and Prepositions 
 
 If a passenger's next ride goes off without a hitch, they will not have to take a selfie again the 
next time they go to request a ride. 
 The mask verification selfie, for both drivers and riders, uses object detection technology to 
determine whether a person is wearing a mask. 
 Kansal told CNN Business that the company has done "a lot of optimizations" to detect things 
like if someone is trying to cover their mouth with their hand, for instance, instead of a mask. "It 
has to be a real-time picture of a face wearing a mask." In the instances where a person orders 
an Uber for a friend or family member with their account, "the person who is actually requesting 
the ride is the person who will have to go through the face verification process." 
 For both riders and drivers, repeated violations of Uber's policies could lead to deactivation, 
but the company declined to go into detail regarding how many violations contribute to a 
removal. 
 "We have definitely taken action, including taking people off the platform, both from the rider 
and driver side," Kansal said, referring to mask-related violations. 
 The company said on July 1 that its mask requirement in the US and Canada would be in effect 
indefinitely. 
(Adapted from https://edition.cnn.com/2020/09/01/tech/uber-rider-mask-selfie/index.html) 
 
24. (2020 – Estratégia Militares – Inédita) The underlined word in the text in paragraph 2, refers 
to 
 
a) Drivers 
b) Riders 
c) Uber employees 
d) Drivers and passengers 
 
Read the comic strip and answer question 25. 
 
(https://www.gocomics.com/pickles/2020/09/01) 
 
25. (2020 – Estratégia Militares – Inédita) The word “my” in the comic is a ______ pronoun 
 
a) Possessive 
b) Reflexive 
c) Subject 
d) Relative 
 
 
 43 
AULA 04 – Pronouns and Prepositions 
 
 
26. (Estratégia Militares 2020 - Inédita) 
Which sentence is grammatically correct? 
a) They want an information. 
b) We watch many movies every weekend. 
c) Those woman feels attracted by me. 
d) I bought an new car last week. 
e) This car is faster than mine car. 
 
Directions: Answer questions 27 and 28 according to TEXT I. 
TEXT I 
Many COVID-19 patients lost their sense of smell. Will they get it back? 
 IN EARLY MARCH, Peter Quagge began experiencing COVID-19 symptoms, such as chills and a 
low-grade fever. As he cut pieces of raw chicken to cook for dinner one night, he noticed he 
couldn’t smell the meat. “Must be really fresh,” he remembers thinking. But the next morning 
he couldn’t smell the Dial soap in the shower or the bleach he used to clean the house. “It 
sounds crazy, but I thought the bleach had gone bad,” he says. When Quagge stuck his head into 
the bottle and took a long whiff, the bleach burned his eyes and nose, but he couldn’t smell a 
thing. 
 The inability to smell, or anosmia, has emerged as a common symptom of COVID-19. Quagge 
was diagnosed with COVID-19, though he was not tested, since tests were not widely available 
at the time. He sought anosmia treatment with multiple specialists and still has not fully 
recovered his sense of smell. 
 Case reports suggest that anywhere between 34 and 98 percent of hospitalized patients with 
COVID-19 will experience anosmia. One study found that COVID-19 patients are 27 times more 
likely than others to lose their sense of smell, making anosmia a better predictor of the illness 
than fever. 
 For most COVID-19 patients who suffer anosmia, the sense returns within a few weeks, and 
doctors don’t yet know if the virus causes long-term smell loss. While not being able to smell 
may sound like a small side effect, the results can be devastating. The sense is intricately tied up 
in self-preservation—the ability to smell fire, chemical leaks, or spoiled food—and in our ability 
to pick up on complex tastes and enjoy food. 
 “So many of the ways we connect with each other is over meals or over drinks,” says Steven 
Munger, director of the Center for Smell and Taste at the University of Florida. “If you can’t fully 
participate in that, it creates a sort of social gap.” 
 Smell even plays a role in our emotional lives, connecting us to loved ones and memories. 
People without smell often report feeling isolated and depressed and losing their enjoyment in 
intimacy. Now scientists are starting to unravel how COVID-19 affects this critical sense, hoping 
those discoveries will help thousands of newly anosmic people looking for answers. 
What the nose knows 
 The olfactorysystem, which allows humans and other animals to smell, is essentially a way of 
decoding chemical information. When someone takes a big sniff, molecules travel up the nose 
to the olfactory epithelium, a small piece of tissue at the back of the nasal cavity. Those 
 
 
 44 
AULA 04 – Pronouns and Prepositions 
 
molecules bind to olfactory sensory neurons, which then send a signal by way of an axon, a long 
tail that threads through the skull and delivers that message to the brain, which registers the 
molecules as, say, coffee, leather, or rotting lettuce. 
 Scientists still don’t fully understand this system, including exactly what happens when it stops 
working. And most people don't realize how common smell loss really is, Munger says. “That 
lack of public understanding means there’s less attention to try to understand the basic 
functions of the system.” 
 People can lose their sense of smell after suffering a viral infection, like influenza or the 
common cold, or after a traumatic brain injury. Some are born without any sense of smell at all 
or lose it because of cancer treatments or diseases like Parkinson’s and Alzheimer’s. It may also 
fade as people age. While smell disorders aren’t as apparent as hearing loss or vision 
impairment, data from the National Institutes of Health (NIH) show that nearly 25 percent of 
Americans over the age of 40 report some kind of change in their sense of smell, and over 13 
million people have a measurable disorder like anosmia, the total loss of smell, or hyposmia, a 
partial loss. Such conditions can last for years or even be permanent. 
 It’s not clear if COVID-19 anosmia is different from other instances of smell loss caused by a 
virus, but those who experience anosmia due to COVID-19 appear to be unique in a few ways. 
First, they notice the loss of the sense immediately because it’s not accompanied by the 
congestion or stuffiness that generally characterizes the early stages of virally induced anosmia. 
 “It’s very dramatic,” says Danielle Reed, associate director of the Monell Chemical Senses 
Center in Philadelphia, which studies smell and taste loss. “People just cannot smell anything.” 
 Another notable difference is that many patients with COVID-19 who report losing their sense 
of smell get it back relatively quickly, in just a few weeks, unlike most people who experience 
anosmia from other viruses, which can last months or years. 
 Quagge estimates he’s recovered about 60 percent of his sense of smell so far, but he says in 
the early days, without any information about when or if he’d ever get it back, he was scared. 
An avid amateur chef, he had to rely on his family to tell him if the milk was bad, and he couldn’t 
smell his wife’s perfume. “Stuff that gets to your soul,” he says. “It bummed me out.” 
(Adapted from https://www.nationalgeographic.com/science/2020/08/thousands-covid-19-patients-lost-sense-smell-will-get-back-cvd/) 
 
27. (Estratégia Militares – Inédita – 2020) Mark the option that can replace the word "very" in 
the eleventh paragraph without changing its meaning. 
a) a lot. 
b) really. 
c) also. 
d) to. 
 
28. (Estratégia Militares – Inédita – 2020) Considering the use of the verb tense, mark the 
alternative that completes the sentence below correctly: 
 At first, Peter 
a) has the common symptoms. 
b) was having the common symptoms. 
c) have the common symptoms. 
 
 
 45 
AULA 04 – Pronouns and Prepositions 
 
d) had the common symptoms. 
 
 
29. (Estratégia Militares – Inédita – 2020) Read and complete the sentence below. 
“___ four years, Trump has been ___ dominant force and inescapable fact not only 
___ national politics but also ___ American life.” 
(Adapted from https://time.com/5876599/election-2020-coronavirus/) 
Mark the alternative which completes the blanks respectively. 
a) At / the / in / in. 
b) For / the / in / on. 
c) For / the / of / in. 
d) For / the / of / of. 
e) At / the / on / of. 
 
Directions: answer question 30 according to TEXT I 
The World Health Organization Declares Africa Polio-Free 
 Nobody will ever know the identity of the thousands of African children who 
were not killed or paralyzed by polio this year. They would have been hard to keep track 
of no matter what because in ordinary times, they would have followed thousands last year 
and thousands the year before and on back in a generations-long trail of suffering and 
death. 
 Instead, no African children were claimed by polio this year or last year or the year 
before. It was in 2016 that the last case of wild, circulating polio was reported in Nigeria—
the final country on the 54-nation African continent where the disease was endemic. And 
with a required multi-year waiting period now having passed with no more cases, the World 
Health Organization today officially declared the entirety of Africa polio-free. A disease 
that as recently as the late 1980s was endemic in 125 countries, claiming 350,000 children 
per year, has now been run to ground in just two remaining places, Pakistan and 
Afghanistan, where there have been a collective 102 cases so far in 2020. That’s 102 too 
many, but there is no denying the scope of the WHO announcement. 
 “Today’s victory over the wild poliovirus in the African region is a testament to what 
can happen when partners from a variety of sectors join forces to accomplish a major global 
health goal,” says John Hewko, general secretary and CEO of Rotary International. “[It is] 
something the world can and should aspire to during these turbulent times.” 
 It was Rotary, an international nonprofit service organization, that kicked off the 
polio endgame in 1988 with the launch of the Global Polio Eradication Initiative (GPEI). 
That program aimed to leverage the power of Rotary’s 35,000 clubs and 1.22 million 
members in 200 countries and territories worldwide to make polio only the second human 
disease—after smallpox—to be pushed over the brink of extinction. The job was made 
easier by the partners Rotary immediately attracted: the WHO, the U.S. Centers for Disease 
Control and Prevention (CDC) and UNICEF. The Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation joined 
in 2007, followed by Gavi, the Vaccine Alliance, just last year. The 32-year initiative has 
depended on volunteer workers and charitable donations, which together have produced 
 
 
 46 
AULA 04 – Pronouns and Prepositions 
 
an army of 20 million field workers administering vaccines to over 2.5 billion children at a 
cost of $17 billion. 
 Some countries were a lighter lift than others. In the U.S. the disease was 
eradicated in 1979, well before the GPEI even began its work. Other nations followed: In 
1994 the Americas were declared polio-free. Europe as a whole got a clean bill of health in 
2002, when all 53 countries in the WHO’s designated European region were declared free 
of the virus. Massive vaccination efforts began in India in 1997, which eradicated the virus 
in 2014. 
How Polio Was Eradicated from the African Continent 
 But Africa, with its vast sprawl of village populations, long distances to urban 
hospitals, spotty infrastructure like adequate roads and reliable “cold chains”—
refrigerated transport networks to keep vaccines viable—was always going to present 
special challenges. In 1996, when the case count on the continent regularly reached 75,000 
victims every year, South African President Nelson Mandela partnered with Rotary to 
launch the “Kick Polio Out of Africa” Campaign, and the group scrambled fast—or as fast 
as was possible with so many children to vaccinate on so vast a land mass. In 2000, the first 
synchronized campaigns began in 17 countries, with 76 million children being vaccinated 
by tens of thousands of volunteers. The work fanned out across the continent from there, 
including an especially heavy push from 2008 to 2010, when an outbreak in 24 countries in 
western and central Africa was met by a large-scale,multi-national vaccination of 85 
million children. 
 Finally, Nigeria stood alone as the only African nation where the disease was still 
endemic, in part because of resistance by religious leaders in the northern part of the 
country who objected western interference in local affairs and claimed that the vaccine 
was unsafe. That opposition broke down, partly thanks to Muhammad Sanusi II, the Emir 
of the city of Kano—a hereditary leader descended from a ruling family—who appeared at 
a public ceremony before the kick off of a seasonal vaccination campaign in 2016, called 
for a vial of polio vaccine to be brought to the stage, and with the audience watching, broke 
its seal and drank down its entire contents. That year, the country recorded its last case of 
polio, and this year, Nigeria’s WHO certification is the reward for its efforts. 
 “The polio eradication program in Nigeria has gone through some difficult times, 
but I never once doubted that this day would come,” says Dr. Tunji Funsho, a former 
cardiologist who is the chair of Rotary International’s Polio-Plus Committee in Nigeria. “Any 
time that we’ve experienced a setback, Rotary and our partners have been able to find 
solutions and develop new strategies for reaching vulnerable children.” 
(Adapted from https://time.com/5883233/africa-declared-polio-free/) 
 
30. (2020 – Estratégia Militares – Inédita) “The 32-year initiative has depended on volunteer 
workers and charitable donations…” (paragraph 4) 
 
Mark the alternative that rewrites the sentence above correctly 
 
a) The 32-year old initiative counts on paid work and charitable donations 
b) The 32-year old initiative depended on donations and volunteer workers 
 
 
 47 
AULA 04 – Pronouns and Prepositions 
 
c) The 32-year old initiative is built upon charity and volunteer workers 
d) The 32-year initiative no longer depends on volunteer workers and charitable 
donations 
 
Read Text II to do questions 31 and 32 based on it 
TEXT II 
Does Wearing Glasses Protect You From Coronavirus? 
 When researchers in China were analyzing hospital data of patients with Covid-19, ___(I)___ 
noticed an odd trend: Very few of the sick patients regularly wore glasses. 
 In one hospital in Suizhou, China, 276 patients were admitted over a 47-day period, but only 16 
patients — less than 6 percent — had myopia or nearsightedness that required them to wear 
glasses for more than eight hours a day. By comparison, more than 30 percent of similarly aged 
people in the region needed glasses for nearsightedness, earlier research had shown. 
 Given that the rate of nearsightedness appeared to be so much higher in the general 
population than in the Covid ward, the scientists wondered: Could wearing glasses protect a 
person from becoming infected with coronavirus? 
 “Wearing of eyeglasses is common among Chinese individuals of all ages,” wrote the study 
authors. “However, since the outbreak of Covid-19 in Wuhan in December 2019, ___(II)___ 
observed that few patients with eyeglasses were admitted in the hospital ward.” 
 The observation “could be preliminary evidence that daily wearers of eyeglasses are less 
susceptible to Covid-19,” the authors speculated. 
 Experts say it’s too soon to draw conclusions from the research — or recommend that people 
start wearing eye protection in addition to masks in hopes of lowering their risk for infection. 
 It may be that eyeglasses act as a partial barrier, protecting eyes from the splatter of a cough 
or sneeze. Another explanation for the finding could be that people who wear glasses are less 
likely to rub their eyes with contaminated hands. 
 The current study, published in JAMA Ophthalmology, was accompanied by a 
commentary from Dr. Lisa Maragakis, an infectious disease specialist and associate professor of 
medicine at Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, who urged caution in interpreting the results. 
 The study was small, involving fewer than 300 cases of Covid-19, a tiny fraction of the nearly 30 
million reported cases of coronavirus infection around the world. Another concern is that the 
data on nearsightedness in the comparison group were gleaned from a study that took place 
decades earlier. 
 And Dr. Maragakis noted that any number of factors could confound the data, and it may be 
that wearing glasses is simply associated with another variable that affects risk for Covid-19. For 
example, it could be that people who wear glasses tend to be older, and more careful and more 
likely to stay home during a viral outbreak, than those who do not wear glasses. Or perhaps 
people who can afford glasses are less likely to contract the virus for other reasons, like having 
the means to live in less crowded spaces. 
 “It’s one study,” Dr. Maragakis said. “It does have some biological plausibility, given that in 
health care facilities, we use eye protection,” such as face shields or goggles. “But what remains 
to be investigated is whether eye protection in a public setting would add any protection over 
and above masks and physical distancing. I think it’s still unclear.” 
 
 
 48 
AULA 04 – Pronouns and Prepositions 
 
 Health care workers wear protective equipment over their eyes to protect them from droplets 
that can fly from coughs and sneezes, as well as aerosolized particles that form when patients 
undergo medical procedures, such as intubation. But for the vast majority of people, that extra 
level of protection probably isn’t needed if a person is wearing a mask and keeping physical 
distance in public spaces. There’s also the possibility of introducing risk by wearing glasses — 
some people might touch their faces more when they put on glasses, rather than less, noted Dr. 
Maragakis. 
 That said, more study is needed to see if the trend holds up in other study populations, said Dr. 
Thomas Steinemann, a spokesman for the American Academy of Ophthalmology and professor 
of ophthalmology at MetroHealth Medical Center in Cleveland. 
 “I think it’s provocative, and it’s extremely interesting,” Dr. Steinemann said. 
(Adapted from https://www.nytimes.com/2020/09/16/well/live/does-wearing-glasses-protect-you-from-coronavirus.html?surface=home-
living-
vi&fellback=false&req_id=153492936&algo=identity&imp_id=364422693&action=click&module=Smarter%20Living&pgtype=Homepage) 
 
31. (2020 – Estratégia Militares – Inédita) Read the extract from the text 
 
“…equipment over their eyes to protect them from droplets that can fly from coughs and 
sneezes…” (paragraph 12) 
 
The word “them” refers to 
 
a) Health care workers 
b) Covid-19 patients 
c) The whole population 
d) Daily wearers of eyeglasses 
e) The vast majority of people 
 
32. (2020 – Estratégia Militares – Inédita) Mark the option that fills in blanks I and II, 
respectively 
 
a) We / we 
b) They / we 
c) Us / we 
d) They / us 
e) Us / us 
 
33. (2020 – Estratégia Militares – Inédita) Read and complete the sentence below 
 
An envelope containing ___ poison ricin was sent to the White House, the New York 
Times reported on Saturday. The newspaper said law enforcement believed the 
envelope, which was intercepted before reaching ___ White House mail room, was sent 
from Canada. 
(Adapted from https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2020/sep/19/ricin-sent-to-white-house-envelope-report) 
 
 
 
 49 
AULA 04 – Pronouns and Prepositions 
 
a) A / the 
b) X / the 
c) The / X 
d) A / X 
e) The / the 
 
34. (2020 – Estratégia Militares – Inédita) Match the questions and answers 
 
I. How many clothes do you have at your closet? 
II. How is Erica? 
III. How much water do you have in a day? 
IV. Whose son is Daniel? 
V. What does Jennifer do? 
 
( ) A few 
( ) He’s hers 
( ) A little 
( ) She is a firefighter 
( ) She’s fine 
 
a) III – IV – I – V – II 
b) I – IV – III – V – II 
c) I – II – IV – V – III 
d) III – II – IV – I – V 
e) I – IV – II – III – V 
 
 
 
Observe the city mapto do item 35 
 
 
 50 
AULA 04 – Pronouns and Prepositions 
 
 
(https://br.pinterest.com/pin/586382813965352284/) 
 
35. (2020 – Estratégia Militares – Inédita) It’s correct to say that the 
 
a) Bookstore is across from the bus stop 
b) Music store is near to the travel agent 
c) Movie theater is far from the newsstand 
d) Chinese restaurant is close to the drugstore 
e) Parking lot is next to the mailbox 
 
Read text I to do items 36 to 38. 
Some of America's biggest tech firms on Monday backed a challenge to President Donald 
Trump's restrictions on foreign workers. 
Amazon, Apple and Facebook are among the companies arguing that the temporary visa 
bans will damage US firms. 
Mr Trump imposed restrictions on some foreign workers to safeguard jobs for Americans 
during the virus pandemic. 
Many of those affected by the measures are technology workers from India. 
Microsoft, Netflix, Twitter and other big technology companies also backed the lawsuit, 
which was filed last month by major US business associations. 
Those industry groups included the National Association of Manufacturers, which 
represents 14,000 firms, and America's biggest business association, the US Chamber of 
Commerce. 
 
 
 51 
AULA 04 – Pronouns and Prepositions 
 
The brief argued that the visa restrictions, which were announced in June, will hurt US 
businesses. 
The companies said Mr Trump’s proclamation was based on a “false assumption” that it 
would protect American jobs as it would mean they may now have to employ people in other 
countries. 
The brief said: “Global competitors in Canada, China, and India, among others, are 
pouncing at the opportunity to attract well-trained, innovative individuals. 
“And American businesses are scrambling to adjust, hiring needed talent to work in 
locations outside our nation’s borders,” it continued. 
They also contended that it could do irreparable damage to American businesses, 
workers and further hurt the already struggling US economy. 
Mr Trump's proclamation suspended the entry of a range of foreign workers until the end 
of this year. 
Adapted from <https://www.bbc.com/news/business-53732395> 
 
36. (Estratégia Militares 2020 - Inédita) 
According to the text, Facebook is being affected by President’s restrictions because 
a) its users are abandoning their accounts. 
b) tech companies prefer to hire foreign workers. 
c) now they have no solution to hire foreign workers. 
d) now they have to employ foreign workers outside U.S.. 
e) its image is being destroyed by these restrictions. 
 
37. (Estratégia Militares 2020 - Inédita) Read the extract from the text. 
“The companies said Mr Trump’s proclamation was based on a “false assumption”...” 
What’s the correct question referring to the underlined information? 
a) Who said the proclamation was based on a “false assumption”? 
b) What did companies say about Mr. Trump’s proclamation? 
c) What was Mr. Trump’s proclamation based on? 
d) Who proclamation was based on a “false assumption”? 
e) Whose proclamation was based on a “false assumption”? 
 
38. (Estratégia Militares 2020 – Inédita) Read the extract from the text. 
“which was filed last month by major US business associations” 
The relative pronoun “which” refers to: 
a) companies. 
b) Microsoft, Netflix, Twitter. 
c) lawsuit. 
d) US business associations. 
e) big technology. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 52 
AULA 04 – Pronouns and Prepositions 
 
Read the cartoon to do item 39. 
 
 
 
 
 
https://comics.azcentral.com/ Adapted. 
39. (Estratégia Militares 2020 - Inédita) Read the sentence below. 
 “What does that even mean?”, 
What does even indicate in the sentence? 
a) a question. 
b) spontaneity. 
c) ambition. 
d) emphasis. 
e) smoothness. 
 
40. (Estratégia Militares 2020 - Inédita) Match the questions and answers. 
I. How is it going? 
II. How do you like your job? 
III. How do I go about getting to the meat shop? 
IV. How do you like your coffee? 
 
( ) I love it! 
( ) just great! 
( ) I like really sweet. 
( ) You’re just in front of it. 
 
a) (II) (I) (III) (IV) 
b) (I) (II) (III) (IV) 
c) (II) (I) (IV) (III) 
d) (I) (II) (IV) (III) 
e) (II) (IV) (I) (III) 
 
41. (Estratégia Militares 2020 - Inédita) Which sentence is correct? 
 
a) The more you practice, the worse you get. 
b) She is used to doing the dishes twice a day. 
c) He wants to getting well soon. 
d) They like party together. 
e) The supermaket is across the drugstore. 
 
 
 53 
AULA 04 – Pronouns and Prepositions 
 
 
 
Read the text to do item 42. 
Biden's VP pick: Why Kamala Harris embraces her biracial roots 
US Senator Kamala Harris - a potential Democratic vice-presidential candidate - is known as a 
prominent African-American politician. But she has also embraced her Indian roots. 
"My name is pronounced "Comma-la", like the punctuation mark," Kamala Harris writes in her 
2018 autobiography, The Truths We Hold. 
The California senator, daughter of an Indian-born mother and Jamaican-born father, then 
explains the meaning of her Indian name. 
"It means 'lotus flower', which is a symbol of significance in Indian culture. A lotus grows 
underwater, its flowers rising above the surface while the roots are planted firmly in the river 
bottom." 
Early in life, young Kamala and her sister Maya grew up in a house filled with music by black 
American artists. Her mother would sing along to Aretha Franklin's early gospel, and her jazz-
loving father, who taught economics at Stanford University, would play Thelonius Monk and 
John Coltrane on the turntable. 
Shyamala Gopalan and Donald Harris separated when Ms Harris was five. Raised primarily by 
her Hindu single mother, a cancer researcher and a civil rights activist, Kamala, Maya and 
Shyamala were known as 'Shyamala and the girls'. 
Her mother made sure her two daughters were aware of their African-American background. 
"My mother understood very well she was raising two black daughters. She knew that her 
adopted homeland would see Maya and me as black girls, and she was determined to make sure 
we would grow into confident black women," she wrote. 
"Harris grew up embracing her Indian culture, but living a proudly African-American life," wrote 
the Washington Post last year. 
When she ran for a senate seat in 2015, the Economist magazine described her as the "daughter 
of an Indian cancer researcher and a Jamaican economics professor, she is the first woman, first 
African-American and first Asian attorney general of California". 
The 55-year-old senator says she has not grappled with her identity and describes herself simply 
as "an American". 
Ms Harris writes her mother kept working right up to the moment of delivery of both her 
daughters - "in the first case her water broke when she was at the lab; and the other while she 
was making apple strudel". Back in India, Gopalan had been raised in a household of "political 
activism and civic leadership". 
Her grandmother never attended high school, but was a community organiser taking in victims 
of domestic violence and educating women about contraception. Her grandfather, PV Gopalan, 
was a senior diplomat in the Indian government who lived in Zambia after it gained 
independence, and he helped settle refugees. 
In her book, she doesn't say too much about her trips to India. But she writes she is close to her 
mother's brother and two sisters, with whom she kept in touch through long distance calls and 
letters and periodic trips. Ms Harris's mother died in 2009, at age 70. 
 
 
 54 
AULA 04 – Pronouns and Prepositions 
 
US Democratic Party activists like Shekar Narasimhan says her candidacy would be "seismic" for 
the Indian-American community. "She's a woman, she biracial, she will help win the election for 
Biden, she appeals to various communities and she's really smart." 
"Why should Indian-Americans not be proud of her? It's a signal that we arecoming of age." 
Adapted from (https://www.bbc.com/news/election-us-2020-53745141) 
 
42. (Estratégia Militares 2020 - Inédita)The word in bold in “with whom she kept in touch 
through long distance calls and letters and periodic trips.” (paragraph 13) refers to 
a) Ms. Harris’ uncle and two aunts. 
b) Ms. Harris. 
c) Ms. Harris’s mother. 
d) Ms. Harris’ brother and sisters. 
e) India. 
 
43. (ESA – 2019) “_________ American?” Complete the space with the correct form of the verb 
and the pronoun. 
(A) You is 
(B) You are 
(C) Are you 
(D) Is you 
(E) Am you 
 
44. (ESA – 2019) Which sentence is grammatically correct? 
(A) I went to bed more earlier than usual. 
(B) Gustavo is more old than his brother. 
(C) My car is more fast than my sister’s car. 
(D) Going by train is expensiver than by car. 
(E) Camilla’s dress is cheaper than mine 
45. (ESA – 2019) Complete the sentence below using the appropriate words: 
 Mr. Harris _______ trains: He is afraid of airplanes and ______ like buses, but ______ trains. 
(A) Likes/don’t/love 
(B) Likes/doesn’t/loves 
(C) Like/do/loves 
(D) Like/don’t/love 
(E) Like/does/love 
 
46. (CN – 2018) Read the text to do the question below. Complete with a, the or 0 (no article). 
___________ Brazil is a huge country. In ___________North, there are____________rain forests 
and ___________ longest river is also situated there. In ___________ South, ____________ 
climate is more European. ___________ Brazil also has many social differences.___________ rich 
own most of____________ country’s wealth and ___________ poor often live on minimum wage. 
Now mark the option which completes the gaps respectively. 
 
 
 55 
AULA 04 – Pronouns and Prepositions 
 
(A) 0 - the - 0 - a - the - the - 0 - a - the - a 
(B) The - the - 0 - a - 0 - the - the - The - 0 - the 
(C) 0 - the - 0 - the - the - the - 0 - The - the - the 
(D) The - 0 - 0 - a - 0-the- The - 0 - a - 0 
(E) The - 0 - the - a - 0 - the - The - a - a - a 
 
47. (CN – 2018) Read the comic strip in order to do the question below. The correct pronoun that 
completes the third bubble speech is 
 
 
(A) they. 
(B) it. 
(C) theirs. 
(D) its. 
(E) them. 
 
Directions: Answer question 48 according to the text. 
TEXT 
 
WHAT IS MODERN SLAVERY? 
Slavery did not end with abolition in the 19th century. Slavery continues today and harms 
people in every country in the world. 
Women forced into prostitution. People forced to work in agriculture, domestic work and 
factories. Children in sweatshops1 producing goods sold globally. Entire families forced to work 
for nothing to pay off generational debts. Girls forced to marry older men. 
There are estimated 40.3 million people in modern slavery around the world, including: 
• 10 million children 
• 24.9 million people in forced labour 
• 15.4 million people in forced marriage 
• 4.8 million people in forced sexual exploitation 
Someone is in slavery if they are: 
• forced to work – through coercion, or mental or physical threat; 
• owned or controlled by an ’employer’, through mental or physical abuse or the threat of 
abuse; 
• dehumanised, treated as a commodity or bought and sold as ‘property’; 
• physically constrained or have restrictions placed on their freedom of movement. 
Slavery has been a disgraceful aspect of human society for most of human history. However, 
AntiSlavery International has refused to accept that this bloody status quo should be allowed to 
persist (Aidan McQuade, former director). 
 
 
 56 
AULA 04 – Pronouns and Prepositions 
 
 Forms of modern slavery 
Purposes of exploitation2 can range from forced prostitution and forced labour to forced 
marriage and forced organ removal. Here are the most common forms of modern slavery. 
• Forced labour – any work or services which people are forced to do against their will3 under 
the threat of some form of punishment. 
• Debt bondage or bonded labour – the world’s most widespread form of slavery, when people 
borrow money they cannot repay and are required to work to pay off the debt, then losing 
control over the conditions of both their employment and the debt. 
• Human trafficking– involves transporting, recruiting or harbouring people for the purpose of 
exploitation, using violence, threats or coercion. 
• Descent-based slavery – where people are born into slavery because their ancestors were 
captured and enslaved; they remain in slavery by descent. 
• Child slavery – many people often confuse child slavery with child labour, but it is much worse. 
Whilst4 child labour is harmful for children and hinders5 their education and development, child 
slavery occurs when a child is exploited for someone else’s gain. It can include child trafficking, 
child soldiers, child marriage and child domestic slavery. 
• Forced and early marriage – when someone is married against their will and cannot leave the 
marriage. Most child marriages can be considered slavery. 
Many forms of slavery have more than one element listed above. For example, human 
trafficking often involves advance payment for travel and a job abroad, using money often 
borrowed from the traffickers. Then, the debt contributes to control of the victims. Once they 
arrive, victims cannot leave until they pay off their debt. 
Many people think that slavery happens only overseas, in developing countries. In fact, no 
country is free from modern slavery, even Britain. The Government estimates that there are 
tens of thousands people in modern slavery in the UK. 
Modern slavery can affect people of any age, gender or race. However, contrary to a common 
misconception6 that everyone can be a victim of slavery, some groups of people are much more 
vulnerable to slavery than others. 
People who live in poverty7 and have limited opportunities for decent work are more vulnerable 
to accepting deceptive job offers that can turn exploitative. People who are discriminated 
against on the basis of race, caste, or gender are also more likely to be enslaved. Slavery is also 
more likely to occur where the rule of law is weaker and corruption is rife. 
Anti-Slavery International believes that we have to tackle8 the root causes of slavery in order to 
end slavery for good. That’s why we published our AntiSlavery Charter, listing comprehensive 
measures that need to be taken to end slavery across the world. 
(Adapted from https://www.antislavery.org/slavery-today/modern-slavery/) 
 
Glossary: 
1. sweatshop – a factory where workers are paid very little and work many hours in very bad 
conditions 
2. exploitation – abuse, manipulation 
3. will – wish, desire 
4. whilst – while 
5. to hinder – obstruct, stop 
 
 
 57 
AULA 04 – Pronouns and Prepositions 
 
6. misconception – wrong idea/ impression 
7. poverty – the condition of being extremely poor 
8. to tackle – attack 
 
48. (EPCAR – 2019) “Slavery continues today and harms people in every country in the world” 
(lines 2 and 3). The highlighted words can be substituted for _____. 
 a) them 
b) theirs 
c) their 
d) they 
 
Leia o texto a seguir e responda a questão 49. 
 
Teaching English in the Brazilian countryside 
 
“In Brazil, countryside youth want to learn about new places, new cultures and people. 
However, they think their everyday lives are an obstacle to that, because they imagine that 
country life has nothing to do with other parts of the world”, says Rafael Fonseca. Rafael 
teaches English in a language school in a cooperative coffee cultivation in Paraguaçu. His 
learners are the children of rural workers. 
Rafael tells us that the objective of the project being developed in the cooperative is to give the 
young people more opportunities of growth in the countryside, and that includes the ability to 
communicate with international buyers. “In the future, our project may help overcome the lack 
of succession in countryside activities because, nowadays, rural workers’ childrenbecome 
lawyers, engineers, teachers, and sometimes even doctors, but those children very rarely want 
to have a profession related to rural work”, says Rafael. 
“That happens”, he adds, “because their parents understand that life in the countryside can be 
hard work and they do not want to see their children running the same type of life that they 
have. Their children also believe that life in the country does not allow them to have contact 
with other parts of the world, meet other people and improve cultural bounds. The program 
intends to show them that by means of a second language they can travel, communicate with 
new people and learn about new cultures as a means of promoting and selling what they 
produce in the country, and that includes receiving visitors in their workplace from abroad.” 
Rafael’s strategy is to contextualize the English language and keep learners up-to-date with 
what happens in the global market. “Integrating relevant topics about countryside living can be 
transformative in the classroom. The local regional and cultural aspects are a great source of 
inspiration and learning not only for the young, but for us all.” 
Adapted from http://www.cambridge.org/elt/blog/2019/01/21/teaching-english-in-the-brazilian-classroom/ 
 
49. (EsPCEx – 2019) Choose the alternative with the correct reference for the underlined words 
from the text. 
[A] they (paragraph 1) = countryside youth 
[B] his (paragraph 1) = Paraguaçu 
[C] us (paragraph 2) = workers 
 
 
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AULA 04 – Pronouns and Prepositions 
 
[D] their (paragraph 3) = rural workers’ children 
[E] them (paragraph 3) = other parts of the world 
 
Directions: Read the text below and answer question 50 according to it. 
 
TEXT Howard Gardner: ‘Multiple intelligences’ are not ‘learning styles’ by Valerie Strauss 
 
 The fields of psychology and education were revolutionized 30 years ago when we now 
worldrenowned psychologist Howard Gardner published his 1983 book Frames of Mind: The 
Theory of Multiple Intelligences, which detailed a new model of human intelligence that went 
beyond the traditional view that there was a single kind that could be measured by standardized 
tests. 
Gardner’s theory initially listed seven intelligences which work together: linguistic, logical-
mathematical, musical, bodily-kinesthetic, interpersonal and intrapersonal; he later added an 
eighth, naturalist intelligence and says there may be a few more. The theory became highly 
popular with K-12¹ educators around the world seeking ways to reach students who did not 
respond to traditional approaches, but over time, ‘multiple intelligences’ somehow became 
synonymous with the concept of ‘learning styles’. In this important post, Gardner explains why 
the former is not the latter. 
It’s been 30 years since I developed the notion of ‘multiple intelligences’. I have been gratified 
by the interest shown in this idea and the ways it’s been used in schools, museums, and 
business around the world. But one unanticipated consequence has driven me to distraction 
and that’s the tendency of many people, including persons whom I cherish, to credit me with 
the notion of ‘learning styles’ or to collapse ‘multiple intelligences’ with ‘learning styles’. It’s 
high time to relieve my pain and to set the record straight. 
First a word about ‘MI theory’. On the basis of research in several disciplines, including the study 
of how human capacities are represented in the brain, I developed the idea that each of us has a 
number of relatively independent mental faculties, which can be termed our ‘multiple 
intelligences’. The basic idea is simplicity itself. A belief in a single intelligence assumes that we 
have one central, all-purpose computer, and it determines how well we perform in every sector 
of life. In contrast, a belief in multiple intelligences assumes that human beings have 7 to 10 
distinct intelligences. 
Even before I spoke and wrote about ‘MI’, the term ‘learning styles’ was being bandied about in 
educational circles. The idea, reasonable enough on the surface, is that all children (indeed all of 
us) have distinctive minds and personalities. Accordingly, it makes sense to find out about 
learners and to teach and nurture them in ways that are appropriate, that they value, and above 
all, are effective. 
Two problems: first, the notion of ‘learning styles’ is itself not coherent. Those who use this 
term do not define the criteria for a style, nor where styles come from, how they are 
recognized/ assessed/ exploited. Say that Johnny is said to have a learning style that is 
‘impulsive’. Does that mean that Johnny is ‘impulsive’ about everything? How do we know this? 
What does this imply about teaching? Should we teach ‘impulsively’, or should we compensate 
by ‘teaching reflectively’? What of learning style is ‘right-brained’ or visual or tactile? Same 
issues apply. 
 
 
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AULA 04 – Pronouns and Prepositions 
 
 Problem #2: when researchers have tried to identify learning styles, teach consistently with 
those styles, and examine outcomes, there is not persuasive evidence that the learning style 
analysis produces more effective outcomes than a ‘one size fits all approach’. Of course, the 
learning style analysis might have been inadequate. Or even if it is on the mark, the fact that 
one intervention did not work does not mean that the concept of learning styles is fatally 
imperfect; another intervention might have proved effective. Absence of evidence does not 
prove non-existence of a phenomenon; it signals to educational researchers: ‘back to the 
drawing boards’. 
Here’s my considered judgment about the best way to analyze this lexical terrain: Intelligence: 
We all have the multiple intelligences. But we signed out, as a strong intelligence, an area where 
the person has considerable computational power. Style or learning style: A hypothesis of how 
an individual approaches the range of materials. If an individual has a ‘reflective style’, he/she is 
hypothesized to be reflective about the full range of materials. We cannot assume that 
reflectiveness in writing necessarily signals reflectiveness in one’s interaction with the others. 
Senses: Sometimes people speak about a ‘visual’ learner or an ‘auditory’ learner. The 
implication is that some people learn through their eyes, others through their ears. This notion 
is incoherent. Both spatial information and reading occur with the eyes, but they make use of 
entirely different cognitive faculties. What matters is the power of the mental computer, the 
intelligence that acts upon that sensory information once picked up. 
These distinctions are consequential. If people want to talk about ‘an impulsive style’ or a ‘visual 
learner’, that’s their prerogative. But they should recognize that these labels may be unhelpful, 
at best, and ill-conceived at worst. 
In contrast, there is strong evidence that human beings have a range of intelligences and that 
strength (or weakness) in one intelligence does not predict strength (or weakness) in any other 
intelligences. All of us exhibit jagged profiles of intelligences. There are common sense ways of 
assessing our own intelligences, and even if it seems appropriate, we can take a more formal 
test battery. And then, as teachers, parents, or selfassessors, we can decide how best to make 
use of this information. 
(Adapted from https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/answer-sheet) 
 
Glossary: 
1. K-12 educators defend the adoption of an interdisciplinary curriculum and methods for 
teaching with objects. 
 
50. (AFA – 2017) In the sentence “there was a single kind that could be measured by 
standardized tests”, it is possible to find an option to substitute the pronoun accordingly in 
 
a) when. 
b) which 
c) how. 
d) whom. 
 
51. (2021 – Estratégia Militares – Inédita) “ at the party yesterday?” Complete the 
space with the correct form of the verb and thepronoun. 
 
 
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AULA 04 – Pronouns and Prepositions 
 
 
a) Are you 
b) Where you 
c) Did you go 
d) You went 
e) Were you 
 
52. (2021 – Estratégia Militares – Inédita) Which option has a correct relation of the 
underlined terms and their substitutes? 
 
a) A government spokesman says… – Her 
b) Prisoners are considered a COVID-19 risk group. – They 
c) Me and the girls were at the party and ... – They 
d) The US has thousands of cases of COVID-19. – He 
e) Feminist groups still fight for women's rights – Them 
 
53. (2021 – Estratégia Militares – Inédita) Which sentence is grammatically correct? 
 
a) That women is in love with me 
b) A motorcycle is more slow than a car 
c) She practices physical exercise every week 
d) I have a sofa new 
e) He need to be loved 
 
Read the text II to do item 54. 
TEXT II 
Climate change: Summers could become 'too hot for humans' 
Millions of people around the world could be exposed to dangerous levels of heat stress - a 
dangerous condition which can cause organs to shut down. 
Many live in developing countries, and do jobs that expose them to potentially life 
threatening conditions. These include being out in the open on farms and building sites or 
indoors in factories and hospitals. Global warming will increase the chances of summer 
conditions that may be "too hot for humans" to work in. 
When we caught up with Dr Jimmy Lee, his goggles were steamed up and there was 
sweat trickling off his neck. An emergency medic, he's labouring in the stifling heat of tropical 
Singapore to care for patients with Covid-19. There's no air conditioning - a deliberate choice, to 
prevent the virus being blown around - and he notices that he and his colleagues become "more 
irritable, more short with each other". 
And his personal protective equipment, essential for avoiding infection, makes things 
worse by creating a sweltering 'micro-climate' under the multiple layers of plastic. "It really hits 
you when you first go in there," Dr Lee says, "and it's really uncomfortable over a whole shift of 
eight hours - it affects morale." 
One danger, he realises, is that overheating can slow down their ability to do something 
that's vital for medical staff - make quick decisions. Another is that they may ignore the warning 
 
 
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AULA 04 – Pronouns and Prepositions 
 
signs of what's called heat stress - such as faintness and nausea - and keep on working till they 
collapse. 
What is heat stress? 
It's when the body is unable to cool down properly so its core temperature keeps rising to 
dangerous levels and key organs can shut down. It happens when the main technique for getting 
rid of excess heat - the evaporation of sweat on the skin - can't take place because the air is too 
humid. And as Dr Lee and other medics have found, the impermeable layers of personal 
protection equipment (PPE) - designed to keep the virus out - have the effect of preventing the 
sweat from evaporating. 
According to Dr Rebecca Lucas, who researches physiology at the University of 
Birmingham, the symptoms can escalate from fainting and disorientation to cramps and failure 
of the guts and kidneys. "It can become very serious as you overheat, and in all areas of the 
body." 
How can we spot it? 
A system known as the Wet Bulb Globe Temperature (WBGT) measures not only heat but 
also humidity and other factors to give a more realistic description of the conditions. Back in the 
1950s, the US military used it to work out guidelines for keeping soldiers safe. 
When the WBGT reaches 29C, for example, the recommendation is to suspend exercise 
for anyone not acclimatised. Yet that's the level Dr Lee and his colleagues are regularly 
experiencing at Singapore's Ng Teng Fong General Hospital. And at the top of the scale - when 
the WBGT registers 32C - the US says strenuous training should stop because the risk becomes 
"extreme". 
But levels that high have recently been recorded inside hospitals in Chennai in India by 
Prof Vidhya Venugopal of the Sri Ramachandra University. She's also found workers in a salt pan 
enduring a WBGT that climbs during the day to 33C - at which point they have to seek shelter. 
And in a steel plant, a ferocious level of 41.7C was recorded, the workers being among the most 
vulnerable to what she calls "the huge heat". 
"If this happens day-in, day-out, people become dehydrated, there are cardiovascular 
issues, kidney stones, heat exhaustion," Prof Venugopal says. 
What solutions are there? 
According to Dr Jimmy Lee, "it's not rocket science". People need to drink plenty of fluid 
before they start work, take regular breaks and then drink again when they rest. His hospital has 
started laying on "slushie" semi-frozen drinks to help the staff cool down. But he admits that 
avoiding heat stress is easier said than done. 
For him and his colleagues, going for rests involves the laborious process of changing out 
of PPE and then back into a new set of equipment. There's a practical problem as well - "some 
people do not want to drink so they can avoid having to go to the toilet," he says. And there's a 
professional desire to keep working whatever the difficulties so as not to let colleagues and 
patients down at a time of crisis. 
People who are highly motivated can actually be at the greatest risk of heat injury, says 
Dr Jason Lee, an associate professor in physiology at the National University of Singapore. He's a 
leading member of a group specialising in the dangers of excessive heat, the Global Heat Health 
Information Network, which has drawn up guidelines to help medics cope with Covid-19. 
 
 
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AULA 04 – Pronouns and Prepositions 
 
It's spearheaded by the World Health Organization (WHO), the World Meteorological 
Organization (WMO) and the US weather and climate agency Noaa. Dr Lee says that as well as 
measures like rest and fluids - and shade for outdoor workers - a key strategy for resisting heat 
stress is to be fit. "This climate change will be a bigger monster and we really need a 
coordinated effort across nations to prepare for what is to come. "If not," he says, "there'll be a 
price to be paid." 
(Adapted from https://www.bbc.com/news/science-environment-53415298) 
 
54. (Estratégia Militares – Inédita – 2020) Read the extract from the text 
 
“…and keep on working till they collapse” (paragraph 4) 
 
The word “they” refers to 
 
a) Indoor workers 
b) Dr Jimmy Lee’s colleagues 
c) Dr Jimmy and his family 
d) Dr Jimmy Lee and his colleagues 
e) Outdoor workers 
 
55. (Estratégia Militares – Inédita – 2020) Mark the sentence which is grammatically correct 
a) The mother is responsible for the children 
b) My sister are the best in the world 
c) I make my bed this weekend 
d) The Queen live in London 
e) I’ll do a surgery this month 
 
56. (Estratégia Militares – Inédita – 2020) Observe the map 
 
 
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AULA 04 – Pronouns and Prepositions 
 
 
(https://br.pinterest.com/pin/330029478919831267/) 
 
It’s correct to say that 
 
a) Church is near to the Korean restaurant 
b) Supermarket is behind the theater 
c) Music shop is between the hotel 
d) Museum is across from the hospital 
e) Public library is far away from the bus stop 
 
57. (Estratégia Militares – Inédita – 2020) Read and complete the sentence below 
Donald Trump knew the extent of ___ deadly coronavirus threat ___ February but intentionally 
misled the public by deciding ___ “play it down”, according to interviews recorded by one of 
America’s most venerated investigative journalists. 
(Adapted from https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2020/sep/09/trump-bob-woodward-
book-rage-coronavirus) 
 
 Mark the option which best completes the blanks correctly 
 
a) X / in / to 
b) The / on / for 
c) The / on to 
d) The / in / to 
e) X / in / for 
 
Read the text II to do item 58. 
TEXT II 
 
 
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AULA 04 – Pronouns and Prepositions 
 
RobertTrump: brother of president Donald Trump dies aged 71 
President confirms his younger brother has died after being taken to hospital in New York 
 Donald Trump’s younger brother, Robert Trump, died on Saturday night aged 71 after 
being hospitalised in New York, the president said in a statement. 
 Trump on Friday visited his brother in hospital after White House officials said Robert 
had become seriously ill. Officials did not immediately release a cause of death. 
 “It is with heavy heart I share that my wonderful brother, Robert, peacefully passed away 
tonight,” Donald Trump said in a statement. “He was not just my brother; he was my best friend. 
He will be greatly missed, but we will meet again. His memory will live on in my heart forever. 
Robert, I love you. Rest in peace.” 
 Robert Trump had reportedly been hospitalised in the intensive care unit for several days 
that same month. He took blood thinners and had recently experienced brain bleeds after a fall, 
according to the New York Times. 
 Both longtime businessmen, Robert and Donald had strikingly different personalities. 
Donald Trump once described his younger brother as “much quieter and easygoing than I am” 
and “the only guy in my life whom I ever call ‘honey’”. 
 Robert Trump began his career on Wall Street working in corporate finance but later 
joined the family business, managing real estate holdings as a top executive in the Trump 
Organization. 
“When he worked in the Trump Organization he was known as the nice Trump,” Gwenda Blair, a 
Trump family biographer, told the Associated Press. “Robert was the one people would try to 
get to intervene if there was a problem.” 
 Robert Trump was born in 1948, the youngest of New York City real estate developer Fred 
Trump’s five children. 
 “I have a wonderful brother,” the president during a news conference at the White House on 
Friday, the same day he had visited him in hospital. “We’ve had a great relationship for a long 
time, from Day 1,” he said. 
 But their relationship could be turbulent. The president, more than two years older than 
Robert, admitted bullying his brother in their younger years, even as he praised his loyalty and 
laid-back demeanour. 
 “I think it must be hard to have me for a brother but he’s never said anything about it and 
we’re very close,” Donald Trump wrote in his 1987 bestseller The Art of the Deal. 
“Robert gets along with almost everyone,” he added, “which is great for me since I sometimes 
have to be the bad guy.” 
 In the 1980s Donald Trump tapped Robert to oversee an Atlantic City casino project, calling 
him the perfect fit for the job. When it cannibalised his other casinos, though, “he pointed the 
finger of blame at Robert”, said Blair, author of The Trumps: Three Generations that Built an 
Empire. 
 “When the slot machines jammed the opening weekend at the Taj Mahal, he very specifically 
and furiously denounced Robert, and Robert walked out and never worked for his brother 
again,” Blair said. 
 A Boston University graduate, Robert later managed the Brooklyn portion of father Fred 
Trump’s real estate empire, which was eventually sold. 
 
 
 65 
AULA 04 – Pronouns and Prepositions 
 
 Once a regular boldface name in Manhattan’s social pages, Robert had kept a lower profile in 
recent years. “He was not a newsmaker,” Blair said. 
 Before divorcing his first wife, Blaine Trump, more than a decade ago, Robert Trump had been 
active on Manhattan’s Upper East Side charity circuit. 
 He avoided the limelight during his elder brother’s presidency, having retired to the Hudson 
Valley. Robert and Donald reportedly reconciled at that time, with Robert describing himself as 
a big supporter of the White House run in a 2016 interview with the New York Post. 
“I support Donald one thousand percent,” Robert Trump said. 
 In early March of 2020, he married his longtime girlfriend, Ann Marie Pallan. 
 The eldest Trump sibling and Mary’s father, Fred Trump Jr, struggled with alcoholism and died 
in 1981 at the age of 43. The president’s surviving siblings include Elizabeth Trump Grau and 
Maryanne Trump Barry, a retired federal appeals judge. 
 Authors Michael Kranish and Marc Fisher described Robert Trump as soft spoken but cerebral 
in Trump Revealed: The Definitive Biography of the 45th President: “He lacked Donald’s 
charismatic showmanship, and he was happy to leave the bravado to his brother, but he could 
show flashes of Trump temper.” 
(Adapted from https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2020/aug/16/robert-trump-brother-of-president-donald-trump-dies-aged-71) 
 
58. (Estratégia Militares – Inédita – 2020) Read the extract from the text 
 
“But their relationship could be turbulent” (paragraph 10) 
 
The word “their” refers to 
 
a) Donald and Fred Trump 
b) Donald and Robert Trump 
c) Robert and his 4 siblings 
d) Fred and his 5 children 
e) Robert Trump and his ex-wife Blaine Trump 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Observe this comic strip to do item 59. 
 
 
 66 
AULA 04 – Pronouns and Prepositions 
 
 
 (Adapted from https://www.thecomicstrips.com/index.php?iid=184107) 
 
59. (Estratégia Militares – Inédita – 2020) The correct use of verb to be to complete the blank 
on the strip is 
 
a) Are 
b) Aren’t 
c) Were 
d) Weren’t 
e) Is 
 
60. (Estratégia Militares – Inédita – 2020) Mark the sentence which is grammatically correct 
 
a) The teacher is responsible for the class during class time 
b) My mother are the best in the world 
c) I make my bed later, today 
d) The president live in the white house 
e) I’ll do a surgery this week. I will have to skip work for a few days 
 
61. (Estratégia Militares – Inédita – 2020) Read and complete the sentence below 
 
Reuters reports that ___ Spanish health ministry on Monday announced 1,833 new 
coronavirus infections diagnosed in ___ past 24 hours, below Friday’s post-lockdown record 
of 2,987 but more than three times ___ average seen in July. 
(Adapted from https://www.theguardian.com/world/live/2020/aug/17/coronavirus-live-news-new-zealand-postpones-election-italy-
closes-nightclubs) 
 
a) The / X / the 
b) X / the / the 
c) X / X / the 
 
 
 67 
AULA 04 – Pronouns and Prepositions 
 
d) The / the / the 
e) X / the / X 
 
Read Text I to do question 62. 
Text 1 
New York's hungry rats torment alfresco diners after lockdown famine 
New York City is starting to tentatively emerge from the ravages of the coronavirus 
pandemic but a revival in outdoor restaurant dining is facing a new hazard – a plague of rats. 
Diners are facing a surge in rat activity following a lockdown period where the rodents 
were cut off from key food sources as businesses including restaurants and grocery stores shut 
down, forcing rats to battle for snacks and even eat each other. 
Since 22 June, New York City restaurants have been allowed to serve people again in 
outdoor settings, prompting sidewalks and car parking spaces to be dotted with tables and 
chairs. But the resumption of alfresco dining has led to people having unexpected rodent 
companions for their meals. 
Giacomo Romano, who owns Ciccio, an Italian restaurant in Manhattan’s Soho, said rats 
from a nearby park have been harassing diners since the outdoor meals were permitted. “Last 
night, a customer had a baby rat running on his shoe, and I let you just imagine his reaction,” 
Romano told NBC. 
Romano and other business owners have called on the city to do more to reduce rat 
populations, as the city hauls itself out of a pandemic crisis that has claimed more than 20,000 
lives. New infections and deaths have dropped sharply since April but New York City has 
postponed plans to allow indoor dining due to concerns over surging Covid-19 cases in other 
states, such as Florida, Texas and Arizona. 
New York City has waged a long and often fruitless war against rats, with the rodents 
adapting adroitly to the city’s haphazard waste collection and disposalpractices. Rats are a 
common sight in streets and in the subway, where the rodents have proven themselves adept at 
spiriting away slices of pizza. 
The resumption of dining activity is likely to stir a wave of activity among rats following a 
period of relative famine, meaning interactions with people are set to continue. 
“Rats are designed to smell molecules of anything that’s food-related,” Bobby Corrigan, 
an urban rodentologist, told NBC. “They follow those food molecules like heat-seeking missiles – 
and eventually you know they end up where those molecules are originating.” 
(Adapted from: https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2020/jul/10/new-york-rats-diners-outdoor-restaurants) 
 
62. (Estratégia Militares – Inédita – 2020) Read the extract from the text. 
"rodent companions for their meals." (paragraph 3) 
The word “their” refers to: 
a) Meals 
b) People 
c) Companions 
d) Rodent 
 
 
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AULA 04 – Pronouns and Prepositions 
 
e) Alfresco dining 
 
63. (Estratégia Militares – Inédita – 2020) Mark the sentence which is grammatically correct. 
 
a) My brother will born tomorrow at the hospital. 
b) The President is the reponsible for the Executive Branch. 
c) My dog will do a surgery. He needs some rest. 
d) There is people who get convicted by the judge. 
e) Have you done your bed yet? 
 
64. (Estratégia Militares – Inédita – 2020) Read and complete the sentence below. 
 
______ minister declared that ______ UK will be on an “irreversible path” to eliminating “high-
risk vendors” such as ______Huawei in 5G by ______ time of ______ next general election in 
2024, in attempt to placate some MPs. 
Adapted from https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2020/jul/14/huawei-to-be-stripped-of-role-in-uk-5g-network-by-2027-dowden-
confirms. 
 
Mark the option which best completes the blanks respectively. 
a) the / X / the / X / X 
b) the / the / the / X / the 
c) the/ X / the / X / the 
d) X / X / the / X / the 
e) the / the / X / the / the 
 
Read Text I to do question 65. 
Text 1 
Galwan Valley: China accuses India of 'deliberate provocation' 
China has accused Indian troops of a "deliberate provocation" in its first official comments on 
Monday's deadly clash at a disputed Himalayan border. 
Foreign ministry spokesman Lijian Zhao said the troops had crossed into Chinese territory and 
attacked, triggering "fierce physical conflicts". 
However he did not give details of any Chinese casualties. 
On Friday Indian PM Narendra Modi said no foreign soldiers had crossed India's borders and no 
territory had been lost. 
Mr Modi vowed that India would defend its border with military force if necessary. 
Twenty Indian soldiers were killed in the clash in the Galwan Valley. India has said that both 
sides suffered losses during the fighting. 
What is China's version of events? 
In a series of tweets, Mr Zhao said the Galwan Valley was on the Chinese side of the Line of 
Actual Control (LAC), the poorly demarcated border between the two nuclear-armed powers. 
He said the clash occurred at a time when tension had been easing after India demolished 
infrastructure it had built on the Chinese side of the LAC in May and withdrew personnel, 
following an agreement between Chinese and Indian officers. 
 
 
 69 
AULA 04 – Pronouns and Prepositions 
 
But on 15 June Indian troops "once again crossed the Line of Actual Control for deliberate 
provocation when the situation in the Galwan Valley was already easing", Mr Zhao said. 
"India's front-line troops even violently attacked the Chinese officers and soldiers who went 
there for negotiation, thus triggering fierce physical conflicts and causing casualties," he said. 
India has been building "roads, bridges and other facilities" at the LAC in Galwan Valley since 
April, Mr Zhao said. 
What did PM Modi say about it? 
In a televised statement on Friday, Mr Modi said there had been no incursion into Indian 
territory. 
"Nobody has intruded into our border, neither is anybody there now, nor have our posts been 
captured," he said. 
India's armed forces had been "given a free hand to take all necessary steps" to protect Indian 
territory, he added. 
"The entire country is hurt and angry at the steps taken by China," he said, adding: "India wants 
peace and friendship, but upholding sovereignty is foremost." 
His government had previously blamed China for the clash, with the foreign ministry releasing a 
statement on Wednesday saying it had been sparked after "the Chinese side sought to erect a 
structure in Galwan valley on our side of the LAC". 
What happened in the Galwan Valley? 
Media reports said troops clashed on ridges at a height of nearly 4,300m (14,000 ft) on steep 
terrain, with some soldiers falling into the fast-flowing Galwan river in sub-zero temperatures. 
At least 76 Indian soldiers were reportedly injured in addition to the 20 dead. China has not 
released any information about Chinese casualties. 
The fighting took place without any firearms because of a 1996 agreement barring guns and 
explosives from the area. 
An image that emerged on Thursday purportedly showed some of the crude weapons used in 
the fight. 
The photograph, which appears to show iron rods studded with nails, was passed to the BBC by 
a senior Indian military official on the India-China border, who said the weapons had been used 
by the Chinese. 
The image was widely shared on Twitter in India, prompting outrage from many social media 
users. Neither Chinese or Indian officials have commented on it. 
(Adapted from: https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-53118473) 
 
65. (Estratégia Militares – Inédita – 2020) Read the extract from the text. 
"defend its border with military force if necessary." (paragraph 4) 
The word “its” refers to: 
a) Mr Modi 
b) India 
c) Border 
d) Defend 
e) Force 
 
 
 70 
AULA 04 – Pronouns and Prepositions 
 
 
66. (Estratégia Militares – Inédita – 2020) Mark the sentence that is not true. 
a) People retire when they get too old to work. 
b) After high school, you can apply to a university. 
c) My fiancee and I will get married next month. 
d) If you are late, you will lose the bus to work. 
e) Brazilian Navy is responsible for patrolling Brazilian coast. 
 
67. (Estratégia Militares – Inédita – 2020) Read the sentence in order to do the question below. 
This is my mom’s bed and that one is my bed. 
Mark the option which rewrites the sentence using the correct possessive. 
a) This bed is theirs and that one is mine. 
b) This is theirs beds and that is my bed. 
c) This is their bed and that one is my. 
d) This bed is them and that one is my. 
e) This is theirs bed and that one is mine. 
 
68. (Estratégia Militares – Inédita – 2020) Mark the sentence which is grammatically correct. 
a) How many fruit do you eat a day? 
b) How much have you paid in taxes to government last year? 
c) Rich people forgets the actual value of money. 
d) There is people who likes eating junk food. 
e) Have you made your homework yet? 
 
69. (Estratégia Militares – Inédita – 2020) Read and complete the sentence below. 
On ______ occasion of World Health Day, I want to thank all those working in _____ healthcare 
profession for your selfless commitment and diligence as you undertake vitally important roles 
to protect and improve ______ health and well-being of people across _____ Commonwealth, 
and around ______ world. 
Adapted from https://www.royal.uk/queens-message-healthcare-professionals-world-health-day 
 
Mark the option which best completes the blanks respectively. 
a) the / X / the / X / X 
b) the / the / the / X / the 
c) the/ X / the / X / the 
d) X / X / the / X / the 
e) the / the / the / the / the 
 
70. (Estratégia Militares – Inédita – 2020)Mark the sentence which is grammatically correct. 
a) How many water do you drink a day? 
b) Which fees have you paid to enroll at this school? 
c) Ignorant people don’t recognize his own ignorance. 
d) There are a very beautiful girl in my classroom.e) Have you gone to London during your vacation? 
 
 
 
 71 
AULA 04 – Pronouns and Prepositions 
 
71. (Estratégia Militares – Inédita – 2020) Read and complete the sentence below. 
Atop a shaded hill at ______ edge of São Paulo, ______ gravedigger thinks he knows ______ 
truth. No matter how bad it appears in ______ Brazil, ______ reality is significantly worse. 
Adapted from (https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/the_americas/coronavirus-brazil-testing-bolsonaro-cemetery-
gravedigger/2020/04/22/fe757ee4-83cc-11ea-878a-86477a724bdb_story.html) 
Mark the option which best completes the blanks respectively. 
a) the / X / the / X / X 
b) the / the / the / the / the 
c) the/ X / the / X / the 
d) X / X / the / X / the 
e) the / the / the / X / the 
 
Leia o texto a seguir e responda a questão 72. 
 
'This is Crazy.' A Record 2 Million Acres of California Have Burned This Year With Heat 
Conditions Predicted to Continue 
 More than 2 million acres ___(1) land have been burned by wildfires in California as of 
Monday, according to state fire agency Cal Fire, surpassing the all-time record of 1.9 million set 
in 2018. Cal Fire and climate scientists predict that the number of acres burned this year 
will continue to grow with upcoming weather conditions, including continued heat and 
offshore winds. 
 “This is crazy. We haven’t even got into the October and November fire season and 
we’ve broken the all-time record,” Cal Fire Capt. Richard Cordova told CNN on Sunday. 
 A Monday statement by Cal Fire said it and fire departments across ___(2) state 
remain prepared for potentially more significant wildfires due to critical fire weather. 
 In a Friday tweet, climate scientist Daniel Swain of the University of California, Los 
Angeles, and the National Center for Atmospheric Research, predicted Monday’s new 
record. He tells TIME the prediction was not very impressive “since we were 95% of the 
way there on Friday.” 
The state is experiencing another wave of record-breaking heat this weekend, and 
offshore winds beginning around this time of year—the Santa Anna winds in the south, and 
the Diablo winds in the north—are expected to spread fires further towards the coast of 
California, according to Swain, where most people live. 
 “All indications are that this fire season is going to continue to be worse than 
average,” Swain says. 
 With the large number of fires burning already, stretching firefighting resources, 
and the combination of a heat wave and offshore winds, “you don’t even need new 
ignitions, new sparks,” Swain adds. “These winds will push those fires in places where we 
don’t want them to go, close to where people live.” 
(Adapted from https://time.com/5886622/record-wildfires-california-climate-change/) 
 
72. (2020 – Estratégia Militares – Inédita) Choose the alternative containing the correct 
word to respectively complete gaps (1) and (2) 
 
a) Of, by 
 
 
 72 
AULA 04 – Pronouns and Prepositions 
 
b) By, the 
c) By, it 
d) Of, the 
e) The, of 
 
Leia o texto a seguir e responda a questão 73 
India Now Has More Confirmed COVID-19 Cases Than Any Country Except the U.S. 
 India’s increasing coronavirus caseload made the Asian giant the pandemic’s 
second-worst-hit country behind the United States ___(1) Monday as its efforts to head off 
economic disaster gain urgency. 
 The 90,802 cases added in the past 24 hours pushed India’s total past Brazil with 
4.2 million cases. India ___(2) now only behind the United States, where more than 6.2 
million people have been infected, according to Johns Hopkins University. 
 India’s Health Ministry on Monday also reported 1,016 deaths for a total of 71,642, 
the third-highest national toll. 
 The world’s second-most populous country with 1.4 billion people, India has been 
recording the world’s largest daily increases in coronavirus cases for almost a month. 
Despite over 2 million new cases in the past month and the virus spreading through the 
country’s smaller towns and villages, ___(3) Indian government has continued relaxing 
restrictions to try and resuscitate the economy. 
(Adapted from https://time.com/5886565/india-covid-19-record/) 
 
73. (2020 – Estratégia Militares – Inédita) Choose the alternative containing the correct 
words to complete the gaps (1), (2) and (3) in paragraphs 1, 2 and 4 respectively 
 
a) In, was, the 
b) On, is, a 
c) On, was, the 
d) In, will be, the 
e) On, is, the 
 
Leia o texto a seguir e responda a questão 74. 
 
Coronavirus: WHO reports record daily rise in new infections 
The World Health Organization (WHO) has recorded a record one-day rise in the number of 
new coronavirus infections, with 307,930 reported over 24 hours. 
The agency said that deaths rose by more than 5,500, bringing the global total to 917,417. The 
biggest increases in infections were reported in India, the US and Brazil. Worldwide there have 
been more than 28 million confirmed cases, half of which have been in the Americas. 
The previous one-day record for new cases was on 6 September when the WHO reported 
306,857 new infections. 
Where are cases rising most steeply? 
 
 
 73 
AULA 04 – Pronouns and Prepositions 
 
According to the WHO, India reported 94,372 new cases on Sunday, followed by the US with 
45,523 and Brazil with 43,718. More than 1,000 new deaths were recorded in the US and India 
while Brazil said 874 people had died from Covid-19 related illness in the past 24 hours. 
India has the second largest number of confirmed cases in the world, behind the US. Last week 
it reported nearly two million Covid-19 cases in August, the highest monthly tally in the world 
since the pandemic began. 
The country saw an average of 64,000 cases per day - an 84% hike from average daily cases in 
July, according to official data. The death toll has topped 1,000 every day since the beginning of 
September. 
Brazil has recorded more than four million cases, the third highest in the world. It has the 
highest number of deaths in Latin America, with about 131,000 so far. The US has recorded 
almost a quarter of the world's total number of coronavirus cases - more than six million. It saw 
an increase in the number of daily cases in July, but the numbers have fallen since then. 
The US has the world's highest recorded death toll from Covid-19, with more than 194,000 
fatalities. 
Adaptado de https://www.bbc.com/news/world-54142502?intlink_from_url=https://www.bbc.com/news/topics 
 
74. (Estratégia Militares 2020 – inédita) 
In the sentence ““It saw an increase in the number of daily cases in July, but the numbers have 
fallen since then.”, the word it refers to 
[A] a quarter. [B] the US. [C] world’s total number. 
[D] Latin America. [E] deaths. 
 
Based on the text below, answer the question that follow it. 
 
Covid babies don't have to be the unlucky generation. But they must be helped 
 
 A year into this pandemic, there are babies now learning to walk and talk who have never 
known anything but life under the shadow of Covid, and preschoolers who can barely remember 
a world before it. Doctors’ children have had to learn not to touch Mummy when she gets in 
from work, until she’s had a shower to wash off any last possible trace of danger. Thanks to 
popular toddler demand, you can now buy masks for dolls. 
 It’s perfectly normal for kids to reflect what’s happening around them by playing quarantine 
with stuffed animals, but normal too for adults to wonder uncomfortably whether all this leaves 
a lasting mark. How much will it matter in years to come that, as the minister for loneliness 
Diana Barran recently put it, there are toddlers being raised by shielding parents who have 
never had a playdate? Will Covid babies grow up solitary creatures, used to entertaining 
themselves, or warier of the strangers they so rarely meet and interact with? Taking a tiny 
bundle out in public used to mean an endless succession of random older women cooingover 
the pram, or strangers pulling faces to entertain a bored baby in a checkout queue. But now 
passersby daren’t get close, and other shoppers are hidden behind masks. 
 This week MPs were presented with some early findings from a project led by the First 1001 
Days Movement, an alliance of early-years charities and professionals, tracking the lives of 
under-twos growing up through a pandemic. A survey of children’s service providers it 
 
 
 74 
AULA 04 – Pronouns and Prepositions 
 
commissioned found 98% thought the babies and toddlers they worked with had been affected 
by higher parental stress and anxiety, while 92% had seen fearful families effectively cutting 
themselves off from the outside world, skipping routine appointments or not wanting to leave 
the house. Nine in 10 had observed children being played with less, or being less active. 
Heartbreakingly, more than a quarter said lockdown left the children they worked with more 
exposed to domestic conflict, abuse or neglect. 
(Adapted from https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2021/jan/22/covid-babies-unlucky-generation-help-lockdown) 
 
75. (Estratégia Militares 2020 – inédita) In paragraph 1, the word “she” refers to 
 
a) Children 
b) Doctor 
c) Toddler 
d) Mummy 
e) Babies 
 
76. (2021 – Estratégia Militares – Inédita) Which is the correct option to complete the 
paragraph below? 
 
“____ current situation with regard to the access and distribution ____ Covid-19 vaccines 
vividly illustrates the decades-old contradictions of ____ world order.” 
(Adapted from https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2021/feb/07/africans-covid-
vaccinations-pandemic-paul-kagame) 
 
a) The / of / - 
b) The / with / the 
c) - / of / the 
d) The / of / the 
e) The / at / its 
 
77. (2021 – Estratégia Militares – Inédita) Mark the correct option to complete the text 
below. 
 
Isabella went for a walk. ___ wanted to stop for cold water, went into the cafeteria and 
wiped ___ sweat with ___ towel. Then ___ went back to her walk and went back home. 
 
a) She / she / her / she 
b) She / her / her / her 
c) Her / her / her / she 
d) She / she / she / she 
e) She / her / her / she 
 
78. (2021 – Estratégia Militares – Inédita) Mark the correct option to complete the text 
below. 
 
 
 75 
AULA 04 – Pronouns and Prepositions 
 
 
In news anyone could have predicted, ___ seems well-off and well-connected people around 
the world are finding nefarious ways ___ skip to the front ___ the coronavirus vaccine line. 
(Adapted from https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2021/feb/09/these-wealthy-
vaccine-cheats-prove-we-were-never-all-in-this-together) 
 
a) It / to / - 
b) - / to / of 
c) It / of / of 
d) It / to / of 
e) It / of / - 
 
79. (2021 – Estratégia Militares – Inédita) Which option completes the sentence below 
correctly? 
 
It is important that we welcome ____ people, so that ____ social problem is partially solved. 
 
a) This / these 
b) These / this 
c) These / those 
d) This / those 
e) These / these 
 
80. (2020 – Estratégia Militares – Inédita) Which is the correct option to complete the 
paragraph below? 
Gratitude in the Workplace 
Researchers Adam M. Grant and Francesco Gino studied the impact of _____ sincere ‘Thank 
You’ in the workplace. Their findings show a 50 percent increase in the amount of additional 
help being offered as a result of ______ appreciation. Folks, that’s HUGE. 
_______ a experiment by the same researchers, the Director of an organization personally 
thanked half the staff ______for their contribution to the company. The result? A 50% increase 
in sales calls the following week from the half who had been shown gratitude. Talk about 
impacting the bottom line at zero net cost. 
(Adapted from https://www.huffpost.com/entry/the-power-of-thank-you_b_8557810) 
 
(A) a / the / According to / for 
(B) an / the / Because of / for 
(C) a / - / According to / because of 
(D) a / the / According to / because of 
(E) an/ - / Because of / for 
 
81. (2020 – Estratégia Militares – Inédita) Which option completes the paragraph below 
correctly? 
 
 
 76 
AULA 04 – Pronouns and Prepositions 
 
The past few weeks have felt a little like riding a roller coaster _____ a blindfold ______. 
Through it all, I keep coming back ______ the same question.” What’s the Right Response 
______ the Coronavirus Outbreak? 
 (Adapted from www.hrexaminer.com) 
 
(A) with / on / to / for 
(B) at/ off / for / with 
(C) with / on / to / to 
(D) at/ on / to / with 
(E) with / for / with / of 
 
82. (2020 – Estratégia Militares – Inédita) Which of the options completes the text below 
correctly? 
I do not want _____ gun in my house. _____The gun is in his closet. I am afraid of _____ guns. 
She sent me _____a postcard from Italy. It's _____the postcard that I have in my office. Getting 
_____ postcards makes me want to travel. 
(Adapted from http://www.butte.edu/departments/cas/tipsheets/grammar/articles.html) 
(A) a / the / - / a / the / - 
(B) an / a / - / a / the/ - 
(C) the / the / the / a / the / a 
(D) a / a / the / - / a / the 
(E) a / the / a / the / - / the 
 
83. (2020 – Estratégia Militares – Inédita) Mark the correct option to complete the text 
below. 
Peter went for a walk. __________ stopped when he arrived at the café and took off 
__________ coat, then __________ sat down in __________ favourite chair. Peter’s friend, Sally 
came in. Sally sat down in __________ favourite chair, then __________ put __________ 
handbag on the floor. 
(Adapted from: < http://www.primaryresources.co.uk/english/pdfs/using_pronouns.pdf) 
 
(A) his / her / she / her / her / she / her 
(B) he / him / she / him / him / he / his 
(C) he / his / he / her / his / he / her 
(D) her / him / she / him / her / they / him 
(E) he / his / he / his / her / she / her 
 
84. (2020 – Estratégia Militares – Inédita) Which is the correct option to complete the 
paragraph below? 
Social Integration 
Social integration is ______ actual participation in various social relationships, ranging ______ 
romantic partnerships to friendships. 
 This integration involves emotions, intimacy, and a sense of belonging ______ different social 
groups, such as being part of a family, a partnership, a social activity, or a religious community. 
 
 
 77 
AULA 04 – Pronouns and Prepositions 
 
Experts suggest that ______ integrated into such social relationships confers a protective 
benefit against maladaptive behaviors and damaging health consequences. 
(Adapted from https://www.verywellmind.com/social-support-for-psychological-health-4119970) 
(A) the / from / to / being 
(B) an / from / at / being 
(C) the / to / to / be 
(D) the / from / to / be 
(E) a / to / at / being 
 
85. (2020 – Estratégia Militares – Inédita) Which option completes the paragraph below 
correctly? 
Latin America's largest country is testing people ______ a rate far lower than any other 
nation with at least 40,000 cases. It tests 12 times fewer people ______ Iran, and 32 times 
fewer ______ the United States. Hospitalized patients aren't being tested. Some medical 
professionals aren't being tested. People are dying ______ their homes without being tested. 
(Adapted from https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/the_americas/coronavirus-brazil-testing-bolsonaro-cemetery-gravedigger) 
 
(A) at / that / that / on 
(B) with/ that / that / on 
(C) at / than / than / in 
(D) with/ than / that / in 
(E) at / than / than / on 
 
86. (2020 – Estratégia Militares – Inédita) Which of the options completes the text below 
correctly? 
My brother works for ______ international airline in _______ USA. He didn’t go to ______ 
university. 
Do you work for ______ big company? 
No, not yet. I’m still ______ student but I can play ______ piano very well 
(A) an / the / - / a / a / the 
(B) an / a / - / a / the/ - 
(C) the / the / the / a / the / a 
(D) a / a / the / - / a / the 
(E) an / the / a / the / - / the87. (2020 – Estratégia Militares – Inédita) Mark the correct option to complete the text 
below. 
Jane went for a run. __________ stopped when she got to a convenience store and took off 
__________ coat, then __________ sat down in __________ favourite chair. Jane’s friend, Joe 
came in. Joe sat down in __________ favourite chair, then __________ put __________ suitcase 
on the floor. 
 
(A) her / hers / she / her / her / she / her 
(B) she / her / she / him / him / he / his 
 
 
 78 
AULA 04 – Pronouns and Prepositions 
 
(C) she / his / he / her / his / he / her 
(D) her / hers / she / him / her / they / him 
(E) she / her / she / her / his / he / his 
 
88. (2020 – Estratégia Militares – Inédita) Which is the correct option to complete the 
paragraph below? 
What Is Stress? 
First, an answer to ______ question, 'What is stress?' ______ term 'stress' refers ______ the 
response you have when facing circumstances that force you ______ act, change, or adjust in 
some way to maintain your footing or to keep things balanced. (The circumstances themselves 
are known as 'stressors', but we'll have more on them later.) 
(Adapted from https://www.verywellmind.com/chronic-stress-definition-management-tips-3145241) 
(A) the / the / to / to 
(B) a / a / at / - 
(C) the / a / to / to 
(D) the / the / to / - 
(E) a / the / at / - 
 
89. (2020 – Estratégia Militares – Inédita) Which option completes the paragraph below 
correctly? 
While quick stress relievers aren't a complete stress management plan in themselves, they are 
an excellent first line of defense against the effects of chronic stress. This is because they can 
help you turn ______ your body's stress response and respond ______ the stressors you face 
from a calm (or calmer), more relaxed place. This helps you to more effectively deal ______ 
what is stress, and keep yourself healthier ______ the same time. Common strategies for quick 
stress relief include breathing exercises or the use of humor. 
(Adapted from https://www.verywellmind.com/chronic-stress-definition-management-tips-3145241) 
(A) of / to / with / at 
(B) on/ - / to / in 
(C) off / to / with / at 
(D) off/ to / to / in 
(E) on / - / with / on 
90. (2020 – Estratégia Militares – Inédita) Which of the options completes the text below 
correctly? 
She does voluntary work for ______ international charity organization in _______ UK. She didn’t 
go to ______ work last week, though. 
Do you work for ______ university? 
No, I’m still ______ student. 
(A) an / the / - / a / a 
(B) an / a / - / a / the 
 
 
 79 
AULA 04 – Pronouns and Prepositions 
 
(C) the / the / the / a / the 
(D) a / a / the / - / a 
(E) an / the / a / the / - 
 
91. (2020 – Estratégia Militares – Inédita) Mark the correct option to complete the text 
below. 
Patricia went for a walk. __________ stopped when she got to a restaurant and took off 
__________ coat, then __________ took __________ favourite spot in the place. Patricia’s 
friend, John came in. John sat down in __________ favourite chair, then __________ put 
__________ wallet on the table. 
 
(A) her / hers / she / her / her / she / her 
(B) she / her / she / him / him / he / his 
(C) she / his / he / her / his / he / her 
(D) her / hers / she / him / her / they / him 
(E) she / her / she / her / his / he / his 
 
92. (2021 – Estratégia Militares – Inédita) Choose the correct option to complete the paragraph 
below. 
 
 I remember the last time I had ___ choose between optimism and fear, between hope and 
the urge to run away. It was right after 9/11. I had babies—one so tiny she was still curled up 
like a fern, ___ other toddling around gumming everything she could get her little starfish 
hands on. And as their brand-new lungs took ___ the smoke that blew over to Brooklyn ___ 
the burning towers, I wanted to pack them up and flee to some safer place. 
(Adapted from https://time.com/5930399/the-capitol-riots-and-our-fragile-optimism/) 
 
a) To / the / in / from 
b) The / the / on / into 
c) To / the / on / from 
d) To / the / in / into 
e) The / to / on / from 
 
93. (2021 – Estratégia Militares – Inédita) Choose the correct option to complete the paragraph 
below. 
 
 The U.S. has tragically surpassed 400,000 COVID-19 deaths, and case numbers and 
hospitalizations are likewise spiking to record levels around the world. ___ vaccines now 
rolling out, there is reason to hope that there is an end in sight. ___, by most estimates, 
widespread vaccinations will not be in place until the middle of the year at the earliest. ___, 
we have some ways to go yet with social distancing, mask wearing and other pandemic 
mitigation behaviors. 
(Adapted from https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/how-we-can-deal-with-pandemic-fatigue/) 
 
 
 
 80 
AULA 04 – Pronouns and Prepositions 
 
a) And / however / and 
b) With / however / so 
c) So / however / even if 
d) With / in agreement / and 
e) With / in contrast / so 
 
94. (2021 – Estratégia Militares – Inédita) Which option is incorrect? 
 
a) A pandemic is affecting many people 
b) Tell the girls that they are not responsible 
c) A couple of my friends plans to travel this year 
d) I want to finish school 
e) Where are those pants I lent you? 
 
95. (2021 – Estratégia Militares – Inédita) Choose the correct option to complete the sentences 
below. 
 
I. She congratulated me ___ the grade. 
II. He got married ___ a farm. 
III. My friends judged me ___ not having finished college. 
IV. Many women dream ___ becoming a mother. 
V. The smoke came ___ the fire. 
 
a) For / on / for / with / from 
b) On / on / to / with / from 
c) For / on / for / of / to 
d) On / on / for / of / from 
e) On / on / because / with / from 
 
96. (2020 – Estratégia Militares – Inédita) Choose the correct option to complete the paragraph 
below. 
Those who are non-essential workers (and followed the rules) have been _____ home all day, 
every day, save for trips to the grocery store or for socially distant walks. And yet, the number of 
new cases of COVID-19 _____ the U.S. continues to go up each day, _____ about 2 to 4 percent. 
Adapted from https://www.msn.com/en-us/health/other/if-people-are-staying-home-why-is-coronavirus-still-spreading/ar-
BB13HSW8?ocid=bingcovid 
a) in / on / on 
b) on / in / at 
c) at / in / by 
d) at / on / in 
e) in / in / on 
 
97. (2021 – Estratégia Militares – Inédita) Choose the best alternative to complete the excerpt 
below. 
 
 
 81 
AULA 04 – Pronouns and Prepositions 
 
Finding _____ effective coronavirus vaccine ______ a global priority in ending the pandemic. US 
government leaders have put forward the ambitious timeline ______ have one by the end of 
2020. It typically takes several years to develop ______ vaccine. 
https://www.businessinsider.com/moderna-coronavirus-vaccine-releases-first-human-trial-results-2020-5 
a) an / has become / to / a 
b) a / has become / to / a 
c) an / became / to / the 
d) an / has become / of / the 
e) a / became / of / a 
 
98. (2021 – Estratégia Militares – Inédita) Choose the correct option to complete the sentences 
below. 
I. They thanked us ______ helping them with the dishes. 
II. She kept me _______ getting sick. 
III. He married______ a beautiful girl. 
IV. She has always dreamed______ getting married. 
V. He suffers ______ a heart disease. 
 
a) for / from / - /of / from 
b) for / for / with / about / of 
c) on / from / - / of / of 
d) on / from / to / with / from 
e) by / of / to / - / from 
 
99. (2021 – Estratégia Militares – Inédita) Choose the correct option to complete the paragraph 
below. 
Saving the giant panda is one of the big success stories of conservation. 
Decades of efforts to create protected habitat for the iconic mammal has pulled it back from the 
brink of extinction. But, according to a new study, while many other animals ______ the same 
landscape have benefited from this conservation work, some have lostout. 
Leopards, snow leopards, wolves and Asian wild dogs have almost disappeared from the 
majority of protected areas. Driven _____ near extinction ______ logging, poaching and disease, 
their loss could lead to "major shifts, even collapse, in ecosystems", said researchers in China. 
Adapted from https://www.msn.com/en-us/health/other/if-people-are-staying-home-why-is-coronavirus-still-spreading/ar-
BB13HSW8?ocid=bingcovid 
a) in / on / by 
b) on / in / at 
c) in / to / by 
d) at / on / in 
e) in / in / on 
 
100. (2021 – Estratégia Militares – Inédita) Choose the best alternative to complete the excerpt 
below. 
 
 
 82 
AULA 04 – Pronouns and Prepositions 
 
Finding _____ effective coronavirus vaccine ______ a global priority in ending the pandemic. US 
government leaders have put forward the ambitious timeline ______ have one by the end of 
2020. It typically takes several years to develop ______ vaccine. 
https://www.bbc.com/news/science-environment-53616593 
a) an / has become / to / a 
b) a / has become / to / a 
c) an / became / to / the 
d) an / has become / of / the 
e) a / became / of / a 
 
101. (2021 – Estratégia Militares – Inédita) Choose the correct option to complete the 
sentences below. 
I. He sat ______ the chair. 
II. The cat jumped ______ the counter. 
III. They were sitting ______ the tree. 
IV. The car went ______ the tunnel. 
V. I have liked that song ______ 1999. 
 
a) on / off / by /through / since 
b) in / in / by / on / since 
c) on / of / in / in / in 
d) over / to / at / in / in 
e) in / under / in / through / on 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 83 
AULA 04 – Pronouns and Prepositions 
 
 
 
 
 
 
6.1 GABARITO
1. B 
2. B 
3. B 
4. D 
5. A 
6. B 
7. B 
8. B 
9. B 
10. D 
11. C 
12. A 
13. C 
14. D 
15. C 
16. B 
17. A 
18. B 
19. A 
20. B 
21. B 
22. D 
23. C 
24. B 
25. A 
26. B 
27. B 
28. D 
29. D 
30. C 
31. A 
32. B 
33. E 
34. B 
35. A 
36. D 
37. E 
38. C 
39. D 
40. C 
41. B 
42. A 
43. C 
44. E 
45. B 
46. C 
47. E 
48. A 
49. A 
50. B 
51. E 
52. B 
53. C 
54. D 
55. A 
56. B 
57. D 
58. B 
59. B 
60. A 
61. D 
62. B 
63. B 
64. E 
65. B 
66. D 
67. A 
68. B 
69. E 
70. B 
71. E 
72. D 
73. E 
74. B 
75. D 
76. D 
77. E 
78. D 
79. B 
80. A 
81. C 
82. A 
83. E 
84. A 
85. C 
86. A 
87. E 
88. A 
89. C 
90. A 
91. E 
92. A 
93. B 
94. C 
95. D 
96. C 
97. A 
98. A 
99. C 
100. A 
101. A 
 
 
 
 
 84 
AULA 04 – Pronouns and Prepositions 
 
7. QUESTÕES COMENTADAS 
 
 
 
 
1. (Estratégia Militares 2020 – EEAR/INÉDITA) 
In “The next November, after the crops were harvested, the Pilgrims gave thanks to God at a feast 
to which they invited the Indians.” (lines 9, 10 and 11), the underlined word refers to 
No trecho, a expressão to which tem o sentido de “para o qual”, referindo-se o termo which a 
“feast”, o banquete, veja: no novembro seguinte, após a colheita, os peregrinos deram graças a 
Deus em um banquete para o qual convidaram os índios. (convidaram os índios para o banquete). 
a) they 
Como vimos, o termo se refere a feast, banquete, não a eles, they. ERRADA. 
b) feast 
Alternativa CORRETA, conforme explicado acima. 
c) God 
Como vimos, o termo se refere a feast, banquete, não a Deus, God. ERRADA. 
d) the Indians 
 
 
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AULA 04 – Pronouns and Prepositions 
 
Como vimos, o termo se refere a feast, banquete, não aos índios, the Indians. ERRADA. 
Gabarito: B 
 
 
2. (Estratégia Militares 2020 – EEAR/2015) 
Fill in the blanks with the suitable option 
Nessa questão, se você lembrasse que para datas com o dia a preposição é sempre ON, já seria 
possível acertá-la, pois só há uma alternativa começando com ON. 
___ the 31st of October = datas com o dia → preposition ON many people ___ England, in the 
United States and even in Brazil prepare to celebrate Halloween, or the Witches Day. = lugares 
como bairros, cidades, estados, países, continentes → preposition IN 
Many years later in England, farmers used to go _____house _____house to ask for food. = 
expressão de casa em casa → de – origem = FROM / em – para onde está indo = TO. 
ü on – in – from – to 
 
a) for – to – on – in 
b) on – in – from – to 
c) to – from – in – for 
d) since – for – from – to 
Gabarito: B 
 
 
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AULA 04 – Pronouns and Prepositions 
 
 
 
3. (Estratégia Militares 2020 – EEAR/INÉDITA) 
In “... and it will be lit every night until 6 January.” (line 11), “6 January” 
O “pulo do gato” aqui era perceber que until significa até, indicando que seis de janeiro é até 
quando o evento de Natal vai acontecer, ou seja, estabelecendo um prazo final. 
a) represents when the action will begin. 
representa quando a ação começará- na verdade, representa quando a ação vai terminar. 
ERRADA. 
b) indicates the deadline for the event. 
indica a data limite para o evento- CORRETA, conforme explicado acima. A árvore de natal 
será acesa até dia 6 de janeiro. 
c) refers to a past date. 
refere-se a uma data passada- como vimos, refere-se a uma data futura em relação ao 
momento em que o texto foi escrito. ERRADA. 
d) shows the date the text was written- 
mostra a data em que o texto foi escrito- o texto foi escrito antes de 6 de janeiro, pois 
projeta nessa data o fim do evento de Natal que notícia. ERRADA. 
Gabarito: B 
 
Read the extract and answer question 4 
“Miss Emlyn read us some of it. I asked Mummy to 
read some more. I liked it. It has a wonderful sound. A 
brave new world. There isn’t anything really like that, 
is there?” 
“You don’t believe in it?” 
“Do you?” 
“There is always a brave new world”, said Poirot, “but 
only, you know, for very special people. The lucky 
ones. The ones who carry the making of that world 
 
 
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AULA 04 – Pronouns and Prepositions 
 
within ________.” 
(Adapted from Agatha Christie, Hallowe’em Party) 
 
 
4. (Estratégia Militares 2020 – EEAR/2016) 
Fill in the blank, in the text, with the appropriate reflexive pronoun. 
a) yourselves 
b) yourself 
c) ourselves 
d) themselves 
Comentários: 
A chave da resposta está no uso da expressão “the ones”, que pode ser ser entendido como 
terceira pessoa do plural. Podemos, portanto, substituir a expressão por “they”. 
A lacuna exige que seu preenchimento seja feito por um pronome reflexivo. O pronome reflexivo 
adequado para se referir a “they” é “themselves”. 
GABARITO: D 
 
5. (Estratégia Militares 2020 – EEAR/2016) 
Choose another way of saying “There isn’t anything really like that.” 
a) There is nothing really like that. 
b) There is anything really like that. 
c) There aren’t no things really like that. 
d) There are much things really like that. 
Comentários: 
A alternativa A está correta. “Anything” foi usado no trecho do enunciado por se tratar de uma 
frase construída na negativa. A frase mantém o mesmo sentido quando trocamos “isn’t anything” 
por “nothing”, já que não utilizamos a dupla negativa no inglês. Portanto, o uso do “nothing” é 
perfeito. 
A alternativa B está incorreta. “Anything” foi usado no trecho do enunciado por se tratar de uma 
frase construída na negativa. A partir do momento em que retiramos o caráter negativo da frase, 
torna-se incorreto o uso do “anything”. 
A alternativa C está incorreta. “Anything” foi usado no trecho do enunciado por se tratar de uma 
frase construída na negativa. “Aren’t no” é uma estrutura incorreta na língua inglesa, já que o 
inglês não aceita estruturas com dupla negativa. 
A alternativa D está incorreta. “Anything” foi usado no trecho do enunciado por se tratar de uma 
frase construída na negativa. O primeiro erro da alternativa está no uso de “much” para o 
substantivo contável “things”. Portanto, deveríamos usar “many”. Além disso, essa frase significa 
dizer que há muitas coisas como aquela, enquanto o trecho do enunciado quer dizer que não há 
nada, realmente, como aquilo. 
GABARITO: A 
 
Read the text and answer question 6. 
Dear Sam, 
 
 
 88 
AULA 04 – Pronouns and PrepositionsI’m having a wonderful time in Paris. I didn’t have _____ time to write last week because I took a 
tour of some flea markets. I bought ______ beautiful vintage clothes. I also got some interesting 
old books for you. 
(…) 
Love, 
Anna. 
(Adapted from: BONNER, M; FUCHS, M. Grammar Express Basic – For Self-Study and Classroom 
Use. 1 ed. New York: Longman, 2001. p. 99). 
 
6. (Estratégia Militares 2020 – EEAR/2016) 
Fill in the blanks, in the text, with the appropriate quantifiers: 
a) any – a 
b) any – some 
c) some – any 
d) some – some 
Comentários: 
A primeira lacuna deve ser preenchida por “any”. O uso do “any” é perfeito nesse caso, pois trata-
se de uma estrutura construída na negativa. Dessa forma, seria incorreto usar “some” numa frase 
na negativa. 
A segunda lacuna deve ser preenchida por “some”. O uso do “some” é perfeito, pois estamos 
numa frase afirmativa, no plural e falando de uma quantidade desconhecida de roupas. O uso do 
“a” seria incorreto pelo fato de a frase estar no plural, enquanto “any” estaria incorreto por se 
tratar de uma frase afirmativa. 
Temos a sequência: any / some 
GABARITO: B 
 
Read the text and answer question 7. 
Plane crashed in France 
A plane which was flying ______ Barcelona ______ 
Dusseldorf crashed in the French Alps last Tuesday. 
Nobody survived of the 144 passengers and 6 crew on 
board. 
Among the passengers were 16 school children and two 
teachers from a German school. It is also thought that 
two babies were on board the aeroplane. 
The German airline says that it believes that the crash 
was an accident, but it’s still working to establish the 
exact cause. 
GLOSSARY 
Crew - um grupo de pessoas que trabalham na aeronave. 
 
7. (Estratégia Militares 2020 – EEAR/2016) 
Fill in the blanks, in the text, with the appropriate preposition, respectively: 
a) of / from 
 
 
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AULA 04 – Pronouns and Prepositions 
 
b) from / to 
c) of / for 
d) at / of 
Comentários: 
A primeira lacuna deve ser preenchida por “from”. O uso da preposição “from” é necessário 
porque a lacuna exige uma preposição que indique origem, já que o contexo sugere que o voo em 
questão partiu de Barcelona em direção a Dusseldorf. 
A segunda lacuna deve ser preenchida por “to”. O uso da preposição “to” é necessário porque a 
lacuna exige uma preposição que indique direção (para onde se vai), já que o contexto sugere que 
o voo em questão partiu de Barcelona em direção a Dusseldorf. 
Temos a sequência: from / to 
GABARITO: B 
 
8. (Estratégia Militares 2020 – EEAR/2016) Choose the alternative that best completes the 
dialogue below. 
Mary: Whose pencil is that? Is it yours, Paul? 
Paul: No, it’s not ____. I saw Susan using it. I think it’s ____. 
a) mine - him 
b) mine - hers 
c) my - hers 
d) my – her 
Comentários: 
A primeira lacuna deve ser preenchida por “mine”. O fato de a lacuna vir no final da frase e de a 
palavra “pencil” não aparecer de forma repetida após a lacuna são os maiores indicativos que nós 
temos de que precisamos preencher a lacuna com um pronome possessivo, e não com um 
adjetivo possessivo. Portanto, é correto usar “mine” ao invés de “my”. 
A segunda lacuna deve ser preenchida por “hers”. O fato de a lacuna vir no final da frase e de a 
palavra “pencil” não aparecer de forma repetida após a lacuna são os maiores indicativos que nós 
temos de que precisamos preencher a lacuna com um pronome possessivo, e não com um 
adjetivo possessivo. Portanto, é correto usar “hers” ao invés de “her”. 
Temos a sequência: mine / hers 
GABARITO: B 
 
Read the text and answer question 9. 
Thomas Edison tried two thousand different materials in search of a filament for the light bulb. 
When none worked satisfactorily, his assistant complained, “All our work is in vain. We have 
learned nothing.” 
Edison replied very confidently, “Oh, we have come a long way and we have learned a lot. We 
know that there are two thousand elements which we cannot use to make a good light bulb.” 
(Adapted from academictips.org) 
 
9. (Estratégia Militares 2020 – EEAR/2016) The sentence “We have learned nothing”, in the text, 
can be replaced by 
a) We have learned anything. 
 
 
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AULA 04 – Pronouns and Prepositions 
 
b) We haven’t learned anything. 
c) We haven’t learned something. 
d) We haven’t learned everything. 
A alternativa A está incorreta. Para que a substituição fosse correta, deveria haver uma negativa, 
pois a frase do enunciado está na negativa, e a alternativa está na afirmativa. 
A alternativa B está correta. A substituição seria perfeita, pois a frase está na negativa e usa a 
palavra “anything”, que é exatamente a palavra usada e mais indicada para esse tipo de situação. 
A alternativa C está incorreta. A palavra “something” está sendo incorretamente usada, pois ela 
não é usada em frases negativas, apenas em afirmativas. 
A alternativa D está incorreta. O problema dessa alternativa não está na estrutura, mas sim na 
semântica, pois a frase do enunciado diz que eles não aprenderam nada, enquanto a frase da 
alternativa diz que eles não aprenderam tudo. 
GABARITO: B 
 
Read the text and answer question 10. 
Will’s experience at the airport 
After his return _____ Rome, Will couldn’t find his luggage in the airport baggage area. He went 
to the lost luggage office and told the woman there that his bags hadn’t arrived on the carousel. 
She smiled and told him not to worry because they were trained professionals and he was in good 
hands. 
Then she asked Will, “Has your plane arrived yet?” 
(Adapted from academictips.org) 
 
10. (Estratégia Militares 2020 – EEAR/2016) The correct preposition that fills in the blank in the 
text is 
a) at 
b) by 
c) for 
d) from 
A lacuna deve ser preenchida por “from”. O texto quer dizer que ele retornou de Roma. Portanto, 
a lacuna pede uma preposição que indique origem, pois estamos falando de onde ele veio. A 
preposição que indica origem é, justamente, a preposição “from”. 
GABARITO: D 
 
 
 
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AULA 04 – Pronouns and Prepositions 
 
 
 
11. (Estratégia Militares 2020 – EEAR/INÉDITA) 
The correct prepositions to respectively fill in the blanks in the text are 
a) of / to 
b) from / too 
c) from / to 
d) of / in 
Comentário: 
Quando queremos dizer em Inglês que alguma coisa vai de X até Y, a combinação de 
prepositions é sempre from (indicando a “origem”, de onde partimos) e to (indicando o 
“destino”, onde chegamos). No texto, o “intervalo” indicado não é em distância ou tempo, 
mas refere-se a uma gama de produtos, indo de de tratamentos para resfriados até curas 
para o câncer = from treatments for colds to cures for cancer. 
 
c) from / to 
 
 
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AULA 04 – Pronouns and Prepositions 
 
 
Gabarito: C 
 
 
 
 
 
 
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AULA 04 – Pronouns and Prepositions 
 
 
12. (Estratégia Militares 2020 – EEAR/2011) 
Choose the right alternative to have the blanks filled, respectively 
a) who / who 
b) which / that 
c) that / which 
d) which / who 
 
Comentário: 
Observamos que nos dois trechos em que há as lacunas, iremos precisar de pronomes 
relativos, para interligar as informações dentro da frase, fazendo referência a algo que já 
havíamos mencionado antes. Nos dois casos, esse “algo” são pessoas, logo, o pronome 
usado será o who. No caso em que não há separação por vírgulas (o primeiro no texto), 
poderíamos usar também that (que é usado para pessoas e coisas), mas nas alternativas 
não há a combinação that / who, apenas that / which, que ficaria errada, porque usamos 
which apenas para coisas. Assim, nas duas lacunas usaremos who. 
 
• Will (Matthew Morrison) is an idealistic teacher at McKinley High 
• School WHO gets the chance to take over the oppressed Glee Club. 
Artie (Kevin McHale), WHO’s in a wheelchair; 
a) who / who 
Gabarito: A 
 
 
 
13. (Estratégia Militares 2020 – EEAR/2010) 
Fill in the blank with the suitable preposition. 
a) On 
b) At 
c) In 
d) From 
 
Comentário: 
 
 
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AULA 04 – Pronouns andPrepositions 
 
De modo geral, a preposition of place que usamos para bairros, cidades, estados, países e 
continentes e IN, guarde isso. Assim, antes de japan, obrigatoriamente temos que usar IN 
(In Japan), ficando todas as outras opções trazidas pelas alternativas erradas. 
 
c) In 
Gabarito: C 
 
 
 
14. (Estratégia Militares 2020 – EEAR/INÉDITA) 
In “his digestion in another” (lines 8 and 9), the word “his” is ____________ . 
a) a possessive adverb. 
b) the genitive case. 
c) a reflexive pronoun. 
d) a possessive adjective. 
 
Comentário: 
No trecho, his é um possessive adjective (letra D), indicando a quem pertence a digestão: 
a ele, digestão dele. Quanto às demais alternativas: possessive adverb estava ali só para te 
confundir, não é uma classe existente em Inglês. O caso genitivo se refere ao ’s para indicar 
posse. Pronomes reflexivos são os terminados em self / selves. 
Gabarito: D 
 
 
 
 
 
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AULA 04 – Pronouns and Prepositions 
 
 
 
15. (Estratégia Militares 2020 – EEAR/2010) 
“They”, in bold in the text, is related to 
a) people. 
b) scientists. 
c) some smells. 
d) wood and leaves. 
 
Comentário: 
Vamos voltar ao trecho para entender que palavra ou expressão they está retomando. 
“Scientists are finding that some smells make people feel better. They help us to relax, to 
sleep, or to feel happier.”= Os cientistas estão descobrindo que alguns cheiros fazem as 
pessoas se sentirem melhor. Eles (os referidos “alguns cheiros”, some smells) nos ajudam 
a relaxar, dormir ou nos sentir mais felizes. 
 
c) some smells. 
Gabarito: C 
 
 
 
 
 
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AULA 04 – Pronouns and Prepositions 
 
16. (Estratégia Militares 2020 – EEAR/2010) 
In “They are more interesting than lions and tigers ...”, (lines 2 and 3), it means that 
a) dolphins, lions and tigers are equal in some way. 
b) tigers and lions are less interesting than dolphins. 
c) there are no circus animals so interesting as dolphins. 
d) dolphins compared with lions and tigers are less interesting. 
 
Comentário: 
No trecho trazido pela questão, they se refere a dolphins, os golfinhos. Assim, o que se 
afirma é que os golfinhos são mais interessantes do que leões e tigres. Vamos buscar nas 
alternativas qual expressa a mesma ideia. 
a) golfinhos, leões e tigres são iguais de alguma forma. 
Como vimos, o trecho afirma que golfinhos são mais interessantes. ERRADA. 
 
b) tigres e leões são menos interessantes que golfinhos. 
Se o trecho diz que os golfinhos são mais interessantes do que leões e tigres, por lógica, 
é possível concluir que, de fato, tigres e leões são menos interessantes que golfinhos. 
CORRETA. 
 
c) não existem animais de circo tão interessantes quanto os golfinhos. 
O trecho especificamente não compara os golfinhos a todos os outros animais de circo, 
mas apenas a tigres e leões. ERRADA. 
 
d) golfinhos em comparação com leões e tigres são menos interessantes. 
Na verdade, golfinhos em comparação com leões e tigres são mais interessantes. 
ERRADA. 
 
Gabarito: B 
 
Read the text and answer question 17. 
Hijacked jets destroy Twin Towers: a creeping horror 
The horror arrived in epsodic bursts of chilling disbelief, signified first by trembling floors, sharp 
eruptions, cracked windows. There was the cruel sight of bodies helplessly tumbling out, some 
of _____ in flames. 
Finally, the high and impressive towers themselves were reduced to nothing. Dense plumes of 
smoke raced through the downtown avenues, coursing between the buildings, shaped like 
tornadoes on their sides. 
Every sound was cause for alarm. A plane appeared overhead. Was another one coming? No, it 
was a fighter jet. But was it friend or enemy? People scrambled for _____ lives, but _____ didn’t 
know where to go. Should people go north, south, east, west? Stay outside, go indoors? People 
hid beneath cars and each other. Some contemplated jumping into the river (…). 
Fonte:The New York Times, Sep. 12, 2001. 
GLOSSARY 
 
 
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AULA 04 – Pronouns and Prepositions 
 
chilling disbelief – incredulidade assustadora 
trembling floors – o tremor dos andares 
to scramble – lutar 
 
17. (Estratégia Militares 2020 – EEAR/2017) 
 Choose the best pronouns to have the text completed, respectively: 
a) them – their – they 
b) they – them – their 
c) their – they – them 
d) them – they – their 
Comentários: 
A primeira lacuna deve ser preenchida por “them”. O trecho onde está inserida a lacuna tem a 
intenção de retomar a palavra bodies para dizer que alguns daqueles corpos que estavam 
caindo da torre estavam em chamas. Nesse caso, devemos usar um object pronoun, ou seja, o 
pronome que assume a função de objeto na frase. Portanto, “them” é a única escolha possível. 
A segunda lacuna deve ser preenchida por “their”. O trecho onde está inserida a lacuna tem a 
intenção de referir-se à palavra “lives” para indicar de quem eram as vidas das quais o texto está 
falando. Desse forma, identificamos que a lacuna precisa retomar a palavra “people” indicando 
que está-se falando das vidas dessas pessoas. Portanto, o possessivo “their” é a única escolha 
possível. 
A terceira lacuna deve ser preenchida por “they”. O trecho onde está inserida a lacuna precisa 
ser preenchido por um “subject pronoun”, pois a lacuna faz a função de sujeito da oração “eles 
não sabiam para onde ir”. Portanto, “they” é a única escolha possível. 
GABARITO: A 
 
Read the text and answer question 18. 
My neighbors love Christmas, but I don’t. In fact, if I can be completely honest, I hate Christmas. 
Maybe it’s because Christmas was always a little depressing when I was a young boy. Anyway, 
my neighbors really love Christmas and every year they decorate the inside and outside of their 
house with big, bright lights. This year, however, they really exaggerated: their lights are so 
bright that I can’t sleep at night! Tomorrow I am going to speak to my neighbors and ask that 
the lights __________ reduced or removed. 
 
18. (Estratégia Militares 2020 – EEAR/2018) 
The word “anyway”, underlined in the text, was used to __________. 
a) indicate a place that does not exist 
b) return to a previous topic in the text 
c) state the good or bad quality of something 
d) mention the time at which something happened 
Comentários: 
A alternativa A está incorreta. A palavra “anyway” é usada para retomar o raciocínio do que ele 
dizia antes de fazer um adendo explicando porque ele odeia o natal. Portanto, não se pode dizer 
que a palavra foi usada para indicar um lugar que não existe. 
 
 
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AULA 04 – Pronouns and Prepositions 
 
A alternativa B está correta. A palavra “anyway” é usada para retomar o raciocínio do que ele 
dizia antes de fazer um adendo explicando porque ele odeia o natal, exatamente como diz a 
alternativa. 
A alternativa C está incorreta. A palavra “anyway” é usada para retomar o raciocínio do que ele 
dizia antes de fazer um adendo explicando porque ele odeia o natal. Portanto, não se pode dizer 
que a palavra foi usada para apresentar as qualidades boas ou ruins de algo. 
A alternativa D está incorreta. A palavra “anyway” é usada para retomar o raciocínio do que ele 
dizia antes de fazer um adendo explicando porque ele odeia o natal. Portanto, não se pode dizer 
que a palavra foi usada para mencionar o momento no qual algo aconteceu. 
GABARITO: B 
 
Read the text and answer question 19. 
The pilot of a Beech Baron airplane noticed that one of his engines was on fire. He contacted the 
nearest air traffic control center to ask for help. 
The voice __________ the radio answered, “This is the Control Tower. “Please inform your 
altitude”. 
The pilot replied, “We are at 30,000 feet”. 
 
19. (Estratégia Militares 2020 – EEAR/2018) 
 Choose the best alternative to complete the blank in the text. 
a) on 
b) for 
c) into 
d) until 
Comentários: 
Nesse caso, não há muito o que comentar, além de dizer que, ao traduzirmos essa parte do 
texto, teríamos: A voz no rádio disse... Repare queusamos a palavra “no” para indicar que voz 
sai do rádio. Em Inglês, usa-se a preposição “on”. You are listening to music on the radio, você 
está escutando música no rádio. 
GABARITO: A 
 
Read the text and answer question 20. 
Economic crisis increases consumption of rice and beans in Brazil 
The economic crisis is making the Brazilian consumer exchange meat for the traditional dish of 
rice and beans. High unemployment and falling incomes, together with the low prices of these 
products, caused by good harvest, are responsible for the increase in demand, __________ will 
be 15% to 20% this month, compared to the prediction for the year. The average consumption 
per capita is around 3, 5 kilos of rice and 1, 5 kilo of beans. 
Fonte: Folha de São Paulo – Internacional -10/05/2017 
GLOSSARY 
harvest = colheita 
average consumption = consumo médio 
 
20. (Estratégia Militares 2020 – EEAR/2018) 
 
 
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AULA 04 – Pronouns and Prepositions 
 
 Choose the alternative that best completes the blank in the text: 
a) who 
b) which 
c) whom 
d) whose 
Comentários: 
A alternativa A está incorreta. “Who” é utilizado para remeter a alguém, e não a alguma coisa. A 
lacuna deve ser preenchida por uma palavra que remeta a “increase” para que o trecho tenha 
sentido. 
A alternativa B está correta. “Which” é a palavra mais adequada para retomar a palavra 
“increase”. 
A alternativa C está incorreta. “Whom” é utilizado para remeter a alguém (na função de objeto 
na frase, e não na função de sujeito como apresentado no trecho), e não a alguma coisa. A 
lacuna deve ser preenchida por uma palavra que remeta a “increase” para que o trecho tenha 
sentido. 
A alternativa D está incorreta. “Whose” significa “de quem”, e não “que”. A lacuna deve ser 
preenchida por uma palavra que remeta a “increase” para que o trecho tenha sentido. 
GABARITO: B 
 
Read the text and answer question 21. 
It’s never too late to make changes to prevent diseases that may end your flying career. And 
becoming healthier doesn’t mean you have to make major changes. Here are some tips on what 
you can do today to keep yourself in the air for years to come. 
- take the stairs instead of riding the elevator; 
- limit red meat; 
- consume more vegetables; 
- wear UV-blocking sunglasses; 
- walk more; 
- try a yoga class; 
- don’t smoke; 
- drink a lot of water; 
- find an activity that you love after retirement. 
Fonte:http://goo.gl/W3uCrU Acess 30/05/2017 
 
21. (Estratégia Militares 2020 – EEAR/2018) 
 The word “yourself”, in bold in the text, is a __________ pronoun. 
a) personal 
b) reflexive 
c) possessive 
d) demonstrative 
Comentários: 
Todos os pronomes que usam a terminação -self ou -selves, são pronomes reflexivos, que são 
aqueles pronomes que indicam quando alguém pratica uma ação sobre si mesmo. Em inglês, 
esses pronomes são chamados de reflexive pronouns. Portanto, está correta a alternativa B. 
GABARITO: B 
 
 
 100 
AULA 04 – Pronouns and Prepositions 
 
 
Read the text and answer question 22. 
“Cracolândia” drug addicts have already spread to more than 20 different areas in São Paulo 
Five days after a police operation in Cracolândia (Crackland) in the center of São Paulo, drug 
addicts 
have spread to various parts of the region, such as Paulista avenue, as well as the space 
underneath the João Goulart overpass, which is also known as the Minhocão. 
The officers from the GCM (the Metropolitan Civil Guard) have accompanied the movement of 
those who belonged to the “flow” (fluxo) – a term used to describe outdoor areas where people 
negotiate and consume drugs. 
Fonte: Folha de São Paulo – Internacional – 26/05/2017 
GLOSSARY 
overpass = viaduto, elevado 
 
22. (Estratégia Militares 2020 – EEAR/2018) 
 The words “after”, “in”, “of” and “from”, in bold in the text, are __________. 
a) articles 
b) adverbs 
c) pronouns 
d) prepositions 
Comentários: 
A alternativa A está incorreta. Artigos são usados para modificar um substantivo, o que não 
ocorre com as palavras citadas. 
A alternativa B está incorreta. Advérbios são utilizados para modificar verbos ou adjetivos, o que 
não acontece aqui. 
A alternativa C está incorreta. Pronomes são utilizados para substituir substantivos. Não 
podemos identificar esse uso das palavras citadas no texto. 
A alternativa D está correta. As preposições são utilizadas para conectar substantivos, pronomes 
ou frases a outras palavras dentro de uma sentença. Essa é, exatamente, a função das palavras 
citadas no enunciado no texto. 
GABARITO: D 
 
Read the text and answer question 23. 
Kenosha shooting: National Guard deployed after black man shot 
The governor of the US state of Wisconsin has deployed the National Guard to maintain 
"public safety" after police shot a black man on Sunday. 
Jacob Blake is reportedly in a stable condition after officers shot him multiple times as he tried 
to get into a car in the city of Kenosha. Protests erupted in the city soon after, and authorities 
imposed an emergency overnight curfew. Governor Tony Evers has now called up the National 
Guard to aid local police. 
In a press release, Governor Evers said the "limited mobilisation" - made at the request of local 
officials - was to help law enforcement "protect critical infrastructure" and make sure people 
can demonstrate safely. 
 
 
 101 
AULA 04 – Pronouns and Prepositions 
 
"Every person should be able to express their anger and frustration by exercising their First 
Amendment rights and report on these calls to action without any fear of being unsafe," he said. 
A curfew will also come into effect at 20:00 local time (01:00 GMT) until 07:00 on Tuesday. 
The governor also called a special session of the state legislature on 31 August to discuss a 
package of laws announced earlier this year on accountability and transparency of the police. 
Mr Evers announced the legislation in the wake of the police killing of George Floyd in the 
neighbouring state of Minnesota. His death in May highlighted police brutality and racism in the 
US and sparked protests around the world. 
What's the latest from Kenosha? 
Hundreds of people marched on police headquarters on Sunday night to demonstrate against 
the shooting. Vehicles were set on fire and protesters shouted "we won't back down" as officers 
used tear gas to try to disperse the crowds. Organisers have called for further demonstrations in 
the Wisconsin city on Monday. 
Clyde McLemore, a member of a nearby chapter of the Black Lives Matter movement, issued a 
call on Facebook for a march through the city starting at midday. 
Reports suggest up to 200 members of the National Guard will be deployed on Monday. 
Lawmakers "have failed to act" in the two months since he announced the "commonsense 
policies", the governor tweeted. "I am urging the Legislature to rise to this occasion and give this 
special session the urgent and productive effort this moment demands and that the people of 
Wisconsin deserve," he wrote. 
Adapted from https://www.bbc.com/news/world-us-canada-53897641. 
 
23. (Estratégia Militares 2020 - Inédita) 
The underlined words in the text in paragraphs 1 and 5 refer, respectively, to: 
a) Officers / George Floyd 
b) Officers / neighbouring state of Minnesota 
c) Jacob Blake / George Floyd 
d) Jacob Blake / neighbouring state of Minnesota 
Comentários: 
A palavra “him”, sublinhada no primeiro parágrafo, retoma Jacob Blake, pois foi nele que os 
policiais atiraram repetidas vezes. Já a palavra “his”, sublinhada no quinto parágrafo, retoma 
George Floyd, pois foi ele que morreu, e não o estado vizinho de Minnesota. 
GABARITO: C 
 
Read the text and answer question 24. 
Want an Uber? You may have to send a masked selfie first 
 Since mid-May, Uber has required drivers to take selfies to verify they are wearing a mask or 
face covering before they are able to pick up riders. Soon, certain riders will also be required to 
take a selfie prior to ordering a ride. 
 The company said Tuesdaythat passengers who have previously been reported by a driver for 
not wearing a mask will be required to take a selfie for mask verification purposes when 
requesting their next ride. 
 
 
 102 
AULA 04 – Pronouns and Prepositions 
 
 The passenger mask verification feature is slated to roll out in the US and Canada by the end of 
the month, and will expand to Latin America and other countries thereafter, the company said 
in a blog post Tuesday. 
 Enforcement of mask use, as recommended by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention 
to help slow the spread of the coronavirus, has proven to be difficult, in both public and private 
spaces. In Ubers and Lyfts, riders have had to confirm they are wearing a mask or face covering 
before hailing a ride for several months now, but enforcement has come down to being 
reported by a driver. 
 Now, there will be an added layer once a rider violates the policy. 
 "We firmly believe that accountability is a two-way street," wrote Sachin Kansal, Uber's global 
head of safety product, in the blog post. 
 If a passenger's next ride goes off without a hitch, they will not have to take a selfie again the 
next time they go to request a ride. 
 The mask verification selfie, for both drivers and riders, uses object detection technology to 
determine whether a person is wearing a mask. 
 Kansal told CNN Business that the company has done "a lot of optimizations" to detect things 
like if someone is trying to cover their mouth with their hand, for instance, instead of a mask. "It 
has to be a real-time picture of a face wearing a mask." In the instances where a person orders 
an Uber for a friend or family member with their account, "the person who is actually requesting 
the ride is the person who will have to go through the face verification process." 
 For both riders and drivers, repeated violations of Uber's policies could lead to deactivation, 
but the company declined to go into detail regarding how many violations contribute to a 
removal. 
 "We have definitely taken action, including taking people off the platform, both from the rider 
and driver side," Kansal said, referring to mask-related violations. 
 The company said on July 1 that its mask requirement in the US and Canada would be in effect 
indefinitely. 
(Adapted from https://edition.cnn.com/2020/09/01/tech/uber-rider-mask-selfie/index.html) 
 
24. (2020 – Estratégia Militares – Inédita) The underlined word in the text in paragraph 2, refers 
to 
 
a) Drivers 
b) Riders 
c) Uber employees 
d) Drivers and passengers 
Comentários: 
A alternativa A está incorreta. A palavra “their” (suas) não se refere aos motoristas (drivers), 
mas sim, aos passageiros (riders) que são citados anteriormente no mesmo parágrafo. 
A alternativa B está correta. A palavra “their” (suas) se refere aos passageiros (riders) que 
são citados anteriormente no mesmo parágrafo, assim como esta opção indica. 
A alternativa C está incorreta. A palavra “their” (suas) não se refere aos funcionários da Uber 
(Uber employees), que não são citados anteriormente, mas sim, aos passageiros (riders) que 
são citados anteriormente no mesmo parágrafo. 
 
 
 103 
AULA 04 – Pronouns and Prepositions 
 
A alternativa D está incorreta. A palavra “their” (suas) não se refere aos motoristas (drivers) e 
aos passageiros (passengers), mas sim, apenas aos passageiros (riders) que são citados 
anteriormente no mesmo parágrafo. 
GABARITO: B 
 
Read the comic strip and answer question 25. 
 
(https://www.gocomics.com/pickles/2020/09/01) 
 
25. (2020 – Estratégia Militares – Inédita) The word “my” in the comic is a ______ pronoun 
 
a) Possessive 
b) Reflexive 
c) Subject 
d) Relative 
Comentários: 
A alternativa A está correta. A palavra “my” (minhas) é classificada como um pronome 
possessivo (possessive pronoun), assim como esta opção indica. 
A alternativa B está incorreta. A palavra “my” (minhas) não é classificada como um pronome 
reflexivo (reflexive pronoun), mas sim, como um pronome possessivo (possessive pronoun). 
A alternativa C está incorreta. A palavra “my” (minhas) não é classificada como um pronome 
subjetivo (subject pronoun), mas sim, como um pronome possessivo (possessive pronoun). 
A alternativa D está incorreta. A palavra “my” (minhas) não é classificada como um pronome 
relativo (relative pronoun), mas sim, como um pronome possessivo (possessive pronoun). 
GABARITO: A 
 
26. (Estratégia Militares 2020 - Inédita) 
Which sentence is grammatically correct? 
a) They want an information. 
b) We watch many movies every weekend. 
c) Those woman feels attracted by me. 
d) I bought an new car last week. 
e) This car is faster than mine car. 
Comentários: 
 
 
 104 
AULA 04 – Pronouns and Prepositions 
 
A alternativa A está incorreta. O problema dessa sentença é o fato de “information” ser um 
substantivo incontável e, assim sendo, não podemos usar o artigo indefinido “an”, mas sim 
“some information” ou “a piece of information”. 
A alternativa B está correta. O trecho fala que nós assistimos a muitos filmes todos os fins de 
semana. A frase está corretamente estruturada e sem nenhum erro. 
A alternativa C está incorreta. O problema desta sentença está no uso de “those”, que é 
utilizado antes de substantivos no plural, já que “woman” está no singular. É como se a frase 
estivesse escrita da seguinte forma: “aquelas mulher se sente atraída por mim”. 
A alternativa D está incorreta. O erro desta alternativa é trazer o artigo indefinido “an” antes 
da palavra “new”, pois este artigo somente pode ser usado antes de palavras cujo som inicial 
seja de vogal, o que não é o caso de “new”. 
A alternativa E está incorreta. O erro desta alternativa está no uso do pronome possessivo 
“mine” acompanhado do substantivo “car”, pois este pronome é utilizado para substituir 
substantivos, e não para acompanhá-los. Seria correto escrever “this car is faster than mine”. 
GABARITO: B 
 
Directions: Answer questions 27 and 28 according to TEXT I. 
TEXT I 
Many COVID-19 patients lost their sense of smell. Will they get it back? 
 IN EARLY MARCH, Peter Quagge began experiencing COVID-19 symptoms, such as chills and a 
low-grade fever. As he cut pieces of raw chicken to cook for dinner one night, he noticed he 
couldn’t smell the meat. “Must be really fresh,” he remembers thinking. But the next morning 
he couldn’t smell the Dial soap in the shower or the bleach he used to clean the house. “It 
sounds crazy, but I thought the bleach had gone bad,” he says. When Quagge stuck his head into 
the bottle and took a long whiff, the bleach burned his eyes and nose, but he couldn’t smell a 
thing. 
 The inability to smell, or anosmia, has emerged as a common symptom of COVID-19. Quagge 
was diagnosed with COVID-19, though he was not tested, since tests were not widely available 
at the time. He sought anosmia treatment with multiple specialists and still has not fully 
recovered his sense of smell. 
 Case reports suggest that anywhere between 34 and 98 percent of hospitalized patients with 
COVID-19 will experience anosmia. One study found that COVID-19 patients are 27 times more 
likely than others to lose their sense of smell, making anosmia a better predictor of the illness 
than fever. 
 For most COVID-19 patients who suffer anosmia, the sense returns within a few weeks, and 
doctors don’t yet know if the virus causes long-term smell loss. While not being able to smell 
may sound like a small side effect, the results can be devastating. The sense is intricately tied up 
in self-preservation—the ability to smell fire, chemical leaks, or spoiled food—and in our ability 
to pick up on complex tastes and enjoy food. 
 “So many of the ways we connect with each other is over meals or over drinks,” says Steven 
Munger, director of the Center for Smell and Taste at the University of Florida. “If you can’t fully 
participate in that, it creates a sort of social gap.” 
 Smell evenplays a role in our emotional lives, connecting us to loved ones and memories. 
People without smell often report feeling isolated and depressed and losing their enjoyment in 
 
 
 105 
AULA 04 – Pronouns and Prepositions 
 
intimacy. Now scientists are starting to unravel how COVID-19 affects this critical sense, hoping 
those discoveries will help thousands of newly anosmic people looking for answers. 
What the nose knows 
 The olfactory system, which allows humans and other animals to smell, is essentially a way of 
decoding chemical information. When someone takes a big sniff, molecules travel up the nose 
to the olfactory epithelium, a small piece of tissue at the back of the nasal cavity. Those 
molecules bind to olfactory sensory neurons, which then send a signal by way of an axon, a long 
tail that threads through the skull and delivers that message to the brain, which registers the 
molecules as, say, coffee, leather, or rotting lettuce. 
 Scientists still don’t fully understand this system, including exactly what happens when it stops 
working. And most people don't realize how common smell loss really is, Munger says. “That 
lack of public understanding means there’s less attention to try to understand the basic 
functions of the system.” 
 People can lose their sense of smell after suffering a viral infection, like influenza or the 
common cold, or after a traumatic brain injury. Some are born without any sense of smell at all 
or lose it because of cancer treatments or diseases like Parkinson’s and Alzheimer’s. It may also 
fade as people age. While smell disorders aren’t as apparent as hearing loss or vision 
impairment, data from the National Institutes of Health (NIH) show that nearly 25 percent of 
Americans over the age of 40 report some kind of change in their sense of smell, and over 13 
million people have a measurable disorder like anosmia, the total loss of smell, or hyposmia, a 
partial loss. Such conditions can last for years or even be permanent. 
 It’s not clear if COVID-19 anosmia is different from other instances of smell loss caused by a 
virus, but those who experience anosmia due to COVID-19 appear to be unique in a few ways. 
First, they notice the loss of the sense immediately because it’s not accompanied by the 
congestion or stuffiness that generally characterizes the early stages of virally induced anosmia. 
 “It’s very dramatic,” says Danielle Reed, associate director of the Monell Chemical Senses 
Center in Philadelphia, which studies smell and taste loss. “People just cannot smell anything.” 
 Another notable difference is that many patients with COVID-19 who report losing their sense 
of smell get it back relatively quickly, in just a few weeks, unlike most people who experience 
anosmia from other viruses, which can last months or years. 
 Quagge estimates he’s recovered about 60 percent of his sense of smell so far, but he says in 
the early days, without any information about when or if he’d ever get it back, he was scared. 
An avid amateur chef, he had to rely on his family to tell him if the milk was bad, and he couldn’t 
smell his wife’s perfume. “Stuff that gets to your soul,” he says. “It bummed me out.” 
(Adapted from https://www.nationalgeographic.com/science/2020/08/thousands-covid-19-patients-lost-sense-smell-will-get-back-cvd/) 
 
27. (Estratégia Militares – Inédita – 2020) Mark the option that can replace the word "very" in 
the eleventh paragraph without changing its meaning. 
a) a lot. 
b) really. 
c) also. 
d) to. 
 Comentários: 
 
 
 106 
AULA 04 – Pronouns and Prepositions 
 
A alternativa A está incorreta. Essa expressão não substitui corretamente "very" pois indica 
quantidade, e não intensidade. 
A alternativa B está correta. A expressão "really" é um sinônimo de "very" e ambos indicam 
intensidade. 
A alternativa C está incorreta. O advérbio "also" indica aditividade, e não intensidade, assim 
como “very”. 
A alternativa D está incorreta. "To" é uma preposição e tem como uma de suas funções, a 
utilização com um verbo para torná-lo infinitivo, e não um advérbio que indica intensidade, que 
é o caso de “very”. 
GABARITO: B 
 
28. (Estratégia Militares – Inédita – 2020) Considering the use of the verb tense, mark the 
alternative that completes the sentence below correctly: 
 At first, Peter 
a) has the common symptoms. 
b) was having the common symptoms. 
c) have the common symptoms. 
d) had the common symptoms. 
 Comentários: 
A alternativa A está incorreta. O tempo verbal em "has" indica presente, o que não se encaixa 
com a frase dada pela questão, que pede um tempo verbal no passado, com a ação finalizada. 
A alternativa B está incorreta. O tempo verbal em "was having" indica continuidade no passado, 
o que não se encaixa com a frase dada pela questão, que pede um tempo verbal no passado, 
com a ação finalizada. 
A alternativa C está incorreta. O tempo verbal em "have" indica presente, o que não se encaixa 
com a frase dada pela questão, que pede um tempo verbal no passado, com a ação finalizada. 
A alternativa D está correta. O tempo verbal em "had" indica uma ação finalizada no passado, o 
que se encaixa com a frase dada pela questão. 
GABARITO: D 
 
29. (Estratégia Militares – Inédita – 2020) Read and complete the sentence below. 
“___ four years, Trump has been ___ dominant force and inescapable fact not only 
___ national politics but also ___ American life.” 
(Adapted from https://time.com/5876599/election-2020-coronavirus/) 
Mark the alternative which completes the blanks respectively. 
a) At / the / in / in. 
b) For / the / in / on. 
c) For / the / of / in. 
d) For / the / of / of. 
e) At / the / on / of. 
Comentários: 
A primeira lacuna deve ser preenchida por "for". O uso do present perfect é a dica de que 
devemos usar a preposição "for", pois ele foi a força dominante por 4 anos. 
 
 
 107 
AULA 04 – Pronouns and Prepositions 
 
A segunda lacuna deve ser preenchida por “the”. O uso dessa preposição de torna 
obrigatória por conta da especificidade, ou seja, estamos especificando que força dominante foi 
essa. Ele não uma força dominante, mas sim A força dominante. 
As duas últimas lacunas devem ser preenchidas com “of”. Se tornam obrigatórios porque 
ele foi a força dominante da política nacional e da vida americana. Como se essa força dominante 
pertencesse à política nacional e à vida americana. 
GABARITO: D 
 
Directions: answer question 30 according to TEXT I 
The World Health Organization Declares Africa Polio-Free 
 Nobody will ever know the identity of the thousands of African children who 
were not killed or paralyzed by polio this year. They would have been hard to keep track 
of no matter what because in ordinary times, they would have followed thousands last year 
and thousands the year before and on back in a generations-long trail of suffering and 
death. 
 Instead, no African children were claimed by polio this year or last year or the year 
before. It was in 2016 that the last case of wild, circulating polio was reported in Nigeria—
the final country on the 54-nation African continent where the disease was endemic. And 
with a required multi-year waiting period now having passed with no more cases, the World 
Health Organization today officially declared the entirety of Africa polio-free. A disease 
that as recently as the late 1980s was endemic in 125 countries, claiming 350,000 children 
per year, has now been run to ground in just two remaining places, Pakistan and 
Afghanistan, where there have been a collective 102 cases so far in 2020. That’s 102 too 
many, but there is no denying the scope of the WHO announcement. 
 “Today’s victory over the wild poliovirus in the African region is a testament to what 
can happen when partners from a variety of sectors join forces to accomplish a major global 
health goal,” says John Hewko, general secretary and CEO of Rotary International. “[It is] 
somethingthe world can and should aspire to during these turbulent times.” 
 It was Rotary, an international nonprofit service organization, that kicked off the 
polio endgame in 1988 with the launch of the Global Polio Eradication Initiative (GPEI). 
That program aimed to leverage the power of Rotary’s 35,000 clubs and 1.22 million 
members in 200 countries and territories worldwide to make polio only the second human 
disease—after smallpox—to be pushed over the brink of extinction. The job was made 
easier by the partners Rotary immediately attracted: the WHO, the U.S. Centers for Disease 
Control and Prevention (CDC) and UNICEF. The Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation joined 
in 2007, followed by Gavi, the Vaccine Alliance, just last year. The 32-year initiative has 
depended on volunteer workers and charitable donations, which together have produced 
an army of 20 million field workers administering vaccines to over 2.5 billion children at a 
cost of $17 billion. 
 Some countries were a lighter lift than others. In the U.S. the disease was 
eradicated in 1979, well before the GPEI even began its work. Other nations followed: In 
1994 the Americas were declared polio-free. Europe as a whole got a clean bill of health in 
2002, when all 53 countries in the WHO’s designated European region were declared free 
 
 
 108 
AULA 04 – Pronouns and Prepositions 
 
of the virus. Massive vaccination efforts began in India in 1997, which eradicated the virus 
in 2014. 
How Polio Was Eradicated from the African Continent 
 But Africa, with its vast sprawl of village populations, long distances to urban 
hospitals, spotty infrastructure like adequate roads and reliable “cold chains”—
refrigerated transport networks to keep vaccines viable—was always going to present 
special challenges. In 1996, when the case count on the continent regularly reached 75,000 
victims every year, South African President Nelson Mandela partnered with Rotary to 
launch the “Kick Polio Out of Africa” Campaign, and the group scrambled fast—or as fast 
as was possible with so many children to vaccinate on so vast a land mass. In 2000, the first 
synchronized campaigns began in 17 countries, with 76 million children being vaccinated 
by tens of thousands of volunteers. The work fanned out across the continent from there, 
including an especially heavy push from 2008 to 2010, when an outbreak in 24 countries in 
western and central Africa was met by a large-scale, multi-national vaccination of 85 
million children. 
 Finally, Nigeria stood alone as the only African nation where the disease was still 
endemic, in part because of resistance by religious leaders in the northern part of the 
country who objected western interference in local affairs and claimed that the vaccine 
was unsafe. That opposition broke down, partly thanks to Muhammad Sanusi II, the Emir 
of the city of Kano—a hereditary leader descended from a ruling family—who appeared at 
a public ceremony before the kick off of a seasonal vaccination campaign in 2016, called 
for a vial of polio vaccine to be brought to the stage, and with the audience watching, broke 
its seal and drank down its entire contents. That year, the country recorded its last case of 
polio, and this year, Nigeria’s WHO certification is the reward for its efforts. 
 “The polio eradication program in Nigeria has gone through some difficult times, 
but I never once doubted that this day would come,” says Dr. Tunji Funsho, a former 
cardiologist who is the chair of Rotary International’s Polio-Plus Committee in Nigeria. “Any 
time that we’ve experienced a setback, Rotary and our partners have been able to find 
solutions and develop new strategies for reaching vulnerable children.” 
(Adapted from https://time.com/5883233/africa-declared-polio-free/) 
 
30. (2020 – Estratégia Militares – Inédita) “The 32-year initiative has depended on volunteer 
workers and charitable donations…” (paragraph 4) 
 
Mark the alternative that rewrites the sentence above correctly 
 
a) The 32-year old initiative counts on paid work and charitable donations 
b) The 32-year old initiative depended on donations and volunteer workers 
c) The 32-year old initiative is built upon charity and volunteer workers 
d) The 32-year initiative no longer depends on volunteer workers and charitable 
donations 
Comentários: 
A alternativa A está incorreta. A frase dada (a iniciativa de 32 anos depende de 
trabalhadores voluntários e doações de caridade) não pode ser substituída pela frase 
 
 
 109 
AULA 04 – Pronouns and Prepositions 
 
“a iniciativa de 32 anos conta com trabalho remunerado e doações de caridade”, mas 
sim, pela frase “a iniciativa de 32 anos é baseada em caridade e trabalhadores 
voluntários”. 
A alternativa B está incorreta. A frase dada (a iniciativa de 32 anos dependia de 
trabalhadores voluntários e doações) não pode ser substituída pela frase “a iniciativa 
de 32 anos conta com trabalho remunerado e doações de caridade”, mas sim, pela frase 
“a iniciativa de 32 anos é baseada em caridade e trabalhadores voluntários”. 
A alternativa C está correta. A frase dada (a iniciativa de 32 anos depende de 
trabalhadores voluntários e doações de caridade) pode ser substituída pela frase “a 
iniciativa de 32 anos é baseada em caridade e trabalhadores voluntários”, assim como 
esta opção indica. 
A alternativa D está incorreta. A frase dada (a iniciativa de 32 anos depende de 
trabalhadores voluntários e doações de caridade) não pode ser substituída pela frase 
“a iniciativa de 32 anos não depende mais de doações de caridade e trabalhadores 
voluntários”, mas sim, pela frase “a iniciativa de 32 anos é baseada em caridade e 
trabalhadores voluntários”. 
GABARITO: C 
 
Read Text II to do questions 31 and 32 based on it 
TEXT II 
Does Wearing Glasses Protect You From Coronavirus? 
 When researchers in China were analyzing hospital data of patients with Covid-19, ___(I)___ 
noticed an odd trend: Very few of the sick patients regularly wore glasses. 
 In one hospital in Suizhou, China, 276 patients were admitted over a 47-day period, but only 16 
patients — less than 6 percent — had myopia or nearsightedness that required them to wear 
glasses for more than eight hours a day. By comparison, more than 30 percent of similarly aged 
people in the region needed glasses for nearsightedness, earlier research had shown. 
 Given that the rate of nearsightedness appeared to be so much higher in the general 
population than in the Covid ward, the scientists wondered: Could wearing glasses protect a 
person from becoming infected with coronavirus? 
 “Wearing of eyeglasses is common among Chinese individuals of all ages,” wrote the study 
authors. “However, since the outbreak of Covid-19 in Wuhan in December 2019, ___(II)___ 
observed that few patients with eyeglasses were admitted in the hospital ward.” 
 The observation “could be preliminary evidence that daily wearers of eyeglasses are less 
susceptible to Covid-19,” the authors speculated. 
 Experts say it’s too soon to draw conclusions from the research — or recommend that people 
start wearing eye protection in addition to masks in hopes of lowering their risk for infection. 
 It may be that eyeglasses act as a partial barrier, protecting eyes from the splatter of a cough 
or sneeze. Another explanation for the finding could be that people who wear glasses are less 
likely to rub their eyes with contaminated hands. 
 The current study, published in JAMA Ophthalmology, was accompanied by a 
commentary from Dr. Lisa Maragakis, an infectious disease specialist and associate professor of 
medicine at Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, who urged caution in interpreting the results. 
 
 
 110 
AULA 04 – Pronouns and Prepositions 
 
 The study was small, involving fewer than 300 cases of Covid-19, a tiny fraction of the nearly 30 
million reported cases of coronavirus infection around the world. Another concernis that the 
data on nearsightedness in the comparison group were gleaned from a study that took place 
decades earlier. 
 And Dr. Maragakis noted that any number of factors could confound the data, and it may be 
that wearing glasses is simply associated with another variable that affects risk for Covid-19. For 
example, it could be that people who wear glasses tend to be older, and more careful and more 
likely to stay home during a viral outbreak, than those who do not wear glasses. Or perhaps 
people who can afford glasses are less likely to contract the virus for other reasons, like having 
the means to live in less crowded spaces. 
 “It’s one study,” Dr. Maragakis said. “It does have some biological plausibility, given that in 
health care facilities, we use eye protection,” such as face shields or goggles. “But what remains 
to be investigated is whether eye protection in a public setting would add any protection over 
and above masks and physical distancing. I think it’s still unclear.” 
 Health care workers wear protective equipment over their eyes to protect them from droplets 
that can fly from coughs and sneezes, as well as aerosolized particles that form when patients 
undergo medical procedures, such as intubation. But for the vast majority of people, that extra 
level of protection probably isn’t needed if a person is wearing a mask and keeping physical 
distance in public spaces. There’s also the possibility of introducing risk by wearing glasses — 
some people might touch their faces more when they put on glasses, rather than less, noted Dr. 
Maragakis. 
 That said, more study is needed to see if the trend holds up in other study populations, said Dr. 
Thomas Steinemann, a spokesman for the American Academy of Ophthalmology and professor 
of ophthalmology at MetroHealth Medical Center in Cleveland. 
 “I think it’s provocative, and it’s extremely interesting,” Dr. Steinemann said. 
(Adapted from https://www.nytimes.com/2020/09/16/well/live/does-wearing-glasses-protect-you-from-coronavirus.html?surface=home-
living-
vi&fellback=false&req_id=153492936&algo=identity&imp_id=364422693&action=click&module=Smarter%20Living&pgtype=Homepage) 
 
31. (2020 – Estratégia Militares – Inédita) Read the extract from the text 
 
“…equipment over their eyes to protect them from droplets that can fly from coughs and 
sneezes…” (paragraph 12) 
 
The word “them” refers to 
 
a) Health care workers 
b) Covid-19 patients 
c) The whole population 
d) Daily wearers of eyeglasses 
e) The vast majority of people 
Comentários: 
A alternativa A está correta. A palavra “them” (eles) se refere aos profissionais de saúde, que 
são citados no início da frase, assim como essa opção indica. 
 
 
 111 
AULA 04 – Pronouns and Prepositions 
 
A alternativa B está incorreta. A palavra “them” (eles) não se refere aos pacientes de Covid-
19, mas sim, aos profissionais de saúde, que são citados no início da frase. 
A alternativa C está incorreta. A palavra “them” (eles) não se refere à toda a população, mas 
sim, aos profissionais de saúde, que são citados no início da frase. 
A alternativa D está incorreta. A palavra “them” (eles) não se refere usuários diários de 
óculos, mas sim, aos profissionais de saúde, que são citados no início da frase. 
A alternativa E está incorreta. A palavra “them” (eles) não se refere a vasta maioria das 
pessoas, mas sim, aos profissionais de saúde, que são citados no início da frase. 
GABARITO: A 
 
32. (2020 – Estratégia Militares – Inédita) Mark the option that fills in blanks I and II, 
respectively 
 
a) We / we 
b) They / we 
c) Us / we 
d) They / us 
e) Us / us 
Comentários: 
A lacuna I deve ser preenchida com “they” (eles) pois a frase está na terceira pessoa e se 
refere aos pesquisadores que estavam na China, assim como o início da frase nos indica. 
A lacuna II deve ser preenchida com “we” (nós) pois a frase está em primeira pessoa, ou seja, 
um dos autores do estudo estava se referindo a ele e aos outros autores, assim como a frase 
nos indica. 
GABARITO: B 
 
33. (2020 – Estratégia Militares – Inédita) Read and complete the sentence below 
 
An envelope containing ___ poison ricin was sent to the White House, the New York 
Times reported on Saturday. The newspaper said law enforcement believed the 
envelope, which was intercepted before reaching ___ White House mail room, was sent 
from Canada. 
(Adapted from https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2020/sep/19/ricin-sent-to-white-house-envelope-report) 
 
a) A / the 
b) X / the 
c) The / X 
d) A / X 
e) The / the 
Comentários: 
A primeira lacuna deve ser preenchida com “the” (o/a) pois a frase de refere à um veneno 
específico, ou seja, requer o artigo definido. 
A segunda lacuna deve ser preenchida com “the” (o/a) pois a frase se refere a Casa Branca, 
ou seja, requer o artigo definido. 
 
 
 112 
AULA 04 – Pronouns and Prepositions 
 
 GABARITO: E 
 
34. (2020 – Estratégia Militares – Inédita) Match the questions and answers 
 
I. How many clothes do you have at your closet? 
II. How is Erica? 
III. How much water do you have in a day? 
IV. Whose son is Daniel? 
V. What does Jennifer do? 
 
( ) A few 
( ) He’s hers 
( ) A little 
( ) She is a firefighter 
( ) She’s fine 
 
a) III – IV – I – V – II 
b) I – IV – III – V – II 
c) I – II – IV – V – III 
d) III – II – IV – I – V 
e) I – IV – II – III – V 
Comentários: 
A pergunta I “How many clothes do you have at your closet” (quantas roupas você 
tem no seu armário?) só pode ser respondida por “a few” (algumas), pois é a única resposta 
compatível com essa pergunta. 
A pergunta II “How is Erica?” (Como está a Erica?) só pode ser respondida por “She’s 
fine” (ela está bem), pois é a única resposta compatível com esta pergunta. 
A pergunta III “How much water do you have in a day?” (quanta água você bebe em 
um dia?) só pode ser respondida por “a little” (um pouco), pois é a única resposta 
compatível com esta pergunta. 
A pergunta IV “Whose son is Daniel?” (o Daniel é filho de quem?) só pode ser 
respondida por “Hee’s hers” (ele é dela), pois é a única resposta compatível com esta 
pergunta. 
A pergunta V “What does Jennifer do?” (o que a Jennifer faz?) só pode ser 
respondida por “she is a firefigther” (ela é bombeira), pois é a única resposta compatível 
com esta pergunta. 
GABARITO: B 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 113 
AULA 04 – Pronouns and Prepositions 
 
 
 
 
Observe the city map to do item 35 
 
(https://br.pinterest.com/pin/586382813965352284/) 
 
35. (2020 – Estratégia Militares – Inédita) It’s correct to say that the 
 
a) Bookstore is across from the bus stop 
b) Music store is near to the travel agent 
c) Movie theater is far from the newsstand 
d) Chinese restaurant is close to the drugstore 
e) Parking lot is next to the mailbox 
Comentários: 
A alternativa A está correta. É correto afirmar que a loja de livros é em frente ao 
ponto de ônibus, assim como esta opção indica. 
A alternativa B está incorreta. Não é correto afirmar que a loja de música é perto 
da agência de viagem, mas sim, que elas são distantes uma da outra. 
A alternativa C está incorreta. Não é correto afirmar que o cinema é longe da 
banca de jornais, mas sim, que eles são um em frente ao outro. 
A alternativa D está incorreta. Não é correto afirmar que o restaurante chinês é 
perto da farmácia, mas sim, que eles são distantes um do outro. 
A alternativa E está incorreta. Não é correto afirmar que o estacionamento é ao 
lado da caixa de correio, mas sim, que eles são distantes um do outro. 
GABARITO: A 
 
 
 114 
AULA 04 – Pronouns and Prepositions 
 
 
Read text I to do items 36 to 38. 
Some of America's biggest tech firms on Monday backed a challenge to President Donald 
Trump's restrictions on foreign workers. 
Amazon, Apple and Facebook are among the companies arguing that the temporary visa 
bans will damage US firms. 
Mr Trump imposed restrictionson some foreign workers to safeguard jobs for Americans 
during the virus pandemic. 
Many of those affected by the measures are technology workers from India. 
Microsoft, Netflix, Twitter and other big technology companies also backed the lawsuit, 
which was filed last month by major US business associations. 
Those industry groups included the National Association of Manufacturers, which 
represents 14,000 firms, and America's biggest business association, the US Chamber of 
Commerce. 
The brief argued that the visa restrictions, which were announced in June, will hurt US 
businesses. 
The companies said Mr Trump’s proclamation was based on a “false assumption” that it 
would protect American jobs as it would mean they may now have to employ people in other 
countries. 
The brief said: “Global competitors in Canada, China, and India, among others, are 
pouncing at the opportunity to attract well-trained, innovative individuals. 
“And American businesses are scrambling to adjust, hiring needed talent to work in 
locations outside our nation’s borders,” it continued. 
They also contended that it could do irreparable damage to American businesses, 
workers and further hurt the already struggling US economy. 
Mr Trump's proclamation suspended the entry of a range of foreign workers until the end 
of this year. 
Adapted from <https://www.bbc.com/news/business-53732395> 
 
36. (Estratégia Militares 2020 - Inédita) 
According to the text, Facebook is being affected by President’s restrictions because 
a) its users are abandoning their accounts. 
b) tech companies prefer to hire foreign workers. 
c) now they have no solution to hire foreign workers. 
d) now they have to employ foreign workers outside U.S.. 
e) its image is being destroyed by these restrictions. 
Comentários: 
A alternativa A está incorreta. O texto não fala nada sobre os usuários do Facebook. Portanto, 
essa alternativa extrapola o possível entendimento do texto. 
A alternativa B está incorreta. O texto não diz que as empresas de tecnologia preferem 
contratar estrangeiros, mas sim que elas precisam, pois há muitas pessoas talentosas 
estrangeiras das quais essas empresas não podem abrir mão. 
A alternativa C está incorreta. O texto diz que as empresas estão contratando estrangeiros em 
outros países. Portanto, não podemos dizer que eles não possuem uma solução. 
 
 
 115 
AULA 04 – Pronouns and Prepositions 
 
A alternativa D está correta. O texto afirma o mesmo que a alternativa, que agora eles precisam 
contratar estrangeiros para trabalhar em outros países, já que não podem contratar essas 
pessoas para trabalhar nos Estados Unidos. 
A alternativa E está incorreta. O texto não fala nada sobre a destruição da imagem do Facebook, 
ou de qualquer outra empresa. Portanto, essa alternativa extrapola o entendimento do texto. 
GABARITO: D 
 
37. (Estratégia Militares 2020 - Inédita) Read the extract from the text. 
“The companies said Mr Trump’s proclamation was based on a “false assumption”...” 
What’s the correct question referring to the underlined information? 
a) Who said the proclamation was based on a “false assumption”? 
b) What did companies say about Mr. Trump’s proclamation? 
c) What was Mr. Trump’s proclamation based on? 
d) Who proclamation was based on a “false assumption”? 
e) Whose proclamation was based on a “false assumption”? 
Comentários: 
A alternativa A está incorreta. O enunciado pede a pergunta que teria como resposta 
“Mr.Trump”, mas a pergunta dessa alternativa teria como resposta “the companies”. 
A alternativa B está incorreta. O enunciado pede a pergunta que teria como resposta 
“Mr.Trump”, mas a pergunta dessa alternativa teria como resposta “was based on a false 
assumption”. 
A alternativa C está incorreta. O enunciado pede a pergunta que teria como resposta 
“Mr.Trump”, mas a pergunta dessa alternativa teria como resposta “a false assumption”. 
A alternativa D está incorreta. O erro dessa alternativa é construir a pergunta com a question 
word “who” (quem), quando, na verdade, ela deveria ser construída com “whose” (de quem). 
A alternativa E está correta. A pergunta da alternativa teria como resposta exatamente o trecho 
sublinhado no enunciado “Mr. Trump”. 
GABARITO: E 
 
38. (Estratégia Militares 2020 – Inédita) Read the extract from the text. 
“which was filed last month by major US business associations” 
The relative pronoun “which” refers to: 
a) companies. 
b) Microsoft, Netflix, Twitter. 
c) lawsuit. 
d) US business associations. 
e) big technology. 
Comentários: 
A alternativa A está incorreta. O pronome relativo “which” está retomando “lawsuit”, que é o 
que foi feito no mês passado por grandes associações de empresas. Portanto, não podemos 
dizer que o pronome se refere a “companies”. 
A alternativa B está incorreta. O pronome relativo “which” está retomando “lawsuit”, que é o 
que foi feito no mês passado por grandes associações de empresas. Portanto, não podemos 
dizer que o pronome se refere a “Microsoft, Netflix, Twitter”. 
 
 
 116 
AULA 04 – Pronouns and Prepositions 
 
A alternativa C está correta. O pronome relativo “which” está retomando “lawsuit”, que é o que 
foi feito no mês passado por grandes associações de empresas. 
A alternativa D está incorreta. O pronome relativo “which” está retomando “lawsuit”, que é o 
que foi feito no mês passado por grandes associações de empresas. Portanto, não podemos 
dizer que o pronome se refere a “US business associations”. 
A alternativa E está incorreta. O pronome relativo “which” está retomando “lawsuit”, que é o 
que foi feito no mês passado por grandes associações de empresas. Portanto, não podemos 
dizer que o pronome se refere a “big technology”. 
GABARITO: C 
 
Read the cartoon to do item 39. 
 
 
 
 
 
https://comics.azcentral.com/ Adapted. 
39. (Estratégia Militares 2020 - Inédita) Read the sentence below. 
 “What does that even mean?”, 
What does even indicate in the sentence? 
a) a question. 
b) spontaneity. 
c) ambition. 
d) emphasis. 
e) smoothness. 
Comentários: 
A palavra “even” é usada com a intenção de enfatizar a pergunta feita pelo interlocutor, que 
não entende a relação do que vinha sendo dito na reunião com a colocação do homem de 
verde. É uma forma de enfatizar o quão absurda aquela colocação parece aos olhos do 
interlocutor. Sendo assim, a alternativa D é aquela que apresenta ênfase e, portanto, a 
alternativa correta. 
GABARITO: D 
 
40. (Estratégia Militares 2020 - Inédita) Match the questions and answers. 
I. How is it going? 
II. How do you like your job? 
III. How do I go about getting to the meat shop? 
IV. How do you like your coffee? 
 
( ) I love it! 
 
 
 117 
AULA 04 – Pronouns and Prepositions 
 
( ) just great! 
( ) I like really sweet. 
( ) You’re just in front of it. 
 
a) (II) (I) (III) (IV) 
b) (I) (II) (III) (IV) 
c) (II) (I) (IV) (III) 
d) (I) (II) (IV) (III) 
e) (II) (IV) (I) (III) 
Comentários: 
“I love it!” deve ser associada à pergunta “How do you like your job?”. Ao se perguntar o que 
você acha do seu trabalho, a única resposta dentre as opções que se encaixa de forma 
adequada é “eu adoro meu trabalho”. 
“Just Great!” deve ser associada à pergunta “How is it going?”. Ao se perguntar como vão as 
coisas, a única resposta dentre as opções que se encaixa de forma adequada é “tudo ótimo”. 
“I like really sweet” deve ser associada à pergunta “How do you like your coffee?”. Ao se 
perguntar como você gosta do seu café, a única resposta dentre as opções que se encaixa de 
forma adequada é “eu gosto dele realmente doce”. 
“You’re just in front of it” deve ser associada à pergunta “How do I go about getting to the meat 
shop?”. Ao se perguntar como chegar ao açougue, a única resposta dentre as opções que se 
encaixa de forma adequada é “você está exatamente em frente a ele”. 
Temos, portanto, a sequência II / I / IV / III 
GABARITO: C 
 
41. (Estratégia Militares 2020 - Inédita) Whichsentence is correct? 
 
f) The more you practice, the worse you get. 
g) She is used to doing the dishes twice a day. 
h) He wants to getting well soon. 
i) They like party together. 
j) The supermaket is across the drugstore. 
Comentários: 
A alternativa A está incorreta. Não faz sentido dizer que quanto mais você pratica algo, pior 
você fica naquilo. 
A alternativa B está correta. É perfeito o uso do gerúndio on verbo subsequente ao uso da 
expressão “is used to”. Ela está acostumada a lavar a louça duas vezes ao dia. 
A alternativa C está incorreta. Essa frase pede o uso do verbo get no infinitivo, e não no 
gerúndio. Essa estrutura é gramaticalmente correta. 
A alternativa D está incorreta. O verbo like traz duas opções de uso para o verbo subsequente 
(party). Podemos usá-lo no infinitivo (to party) ou ainda no gerúndio (partying), mas não 
podemos conjugá-lo no simple present como feito pela alternativa. 
A alternativa E está incorreta. O erro desta alternativa é não usar a preposição “from” logo após 
“across”, já que esta palavra indica direção e tem, obrigatoriamente, que ser acompanhada pela 
preposição “from” nessa situação. 
 
 
 118 
AULA 04 – Pronouns and Prepositions 
 
GABARITO: B 
 
Read the text to do item 42. 
Biden's VP pick: Why Kamala Harris embraces her biracial roots 
US Senator Kamala Harris - a potential Democratic vice-presidential candidate - is known as a 
prominent African-American politician. But she has also embraced her Indian roots. 
"My name is pronounced "Comma-la", like the punctuation mark," Kamala Harris writes in her 
2018 autobiography, The Truths We Hold. 
The California senator, daughter of an Indian-born mother and Jamaican-born father, then 
explains the meaning of her Indian name. 
"It means 'lotus flower', which is a symbol of significance in Indian culture. A lotus grows 
underwater, its flowers rising above the surface while the roots are planted firmly in the river 
bottom." 
Early in life, young Kamala and her sister Maya grew up in a house filled with music by black 
American artists. Her mother would sing along to Aretha Franklin's early gospel, and her jazz-
loving father, who taught economics at Stanford University, would play Thelonius Monk and 
John Coltrane on the turntable. 
Shyamala Gopalan and Donald Harris separated when Ms Harris was five. Raised primarily by 
her Hindu single mother, a cancer researcher and a civil rights activist, Kamala, Maya and 
Shyamala were known as 'Shyamala and the girls'. 
Her mother made sure her two daughters were aware of their African-American background. 
"My mother understood very well she was raising two black daughters. She knew that her 
adopted homeland would see Maya and me as black girls, and she was determined to make sure 
we would grow into confident black women," she wrote. 
"Harris grew up embracing her Indian culture, but living a proudly African-American life," wrote 
the Washington Post last year. 
When she ran for a senate seat in 2015, the Economist magazine described her as the "daughter 
of an Indian cancer researcher and a Jamaican economics professor, she is the first woman, first 
African-American and first Asian attorney general of California". 
The 55-year-old senator says she has not grappled with her identity and describes herself simply 
as "an American". 
Ms Harris writes her mother kept working right up to the moment of delivery of both her 
daughters - "in the first case her water broke when she was at the lab; and the other while she 
was making apple strudel". Back in India, Gopalan had been raised in a household of "political 
activism and civic leadership". 
Her grandmother never attended high school, but was a community organiser taking in victims 
of domestic violence and educating women about contraception. Her grandfather, PV Gopalan, 
was a senior diplomat in the Indian government who lived in Zambia after it gained 
independence, and he helped settle refugees. 
In her book, she doesn't say too much about her trips to India. But she writes she is close to her 
mother's brother and two sisters, with whom she kept in touch through long distance calls and 
letters and periodic trips. Ms Harris's mother died in 2009, at age 70. 
 
 
 119 
AULA 04 – Pronouns and Prepositions 
 
US Democratic Party activists like Shekar Narasimhan says her candidacy would be "seismic" for 
the Indian-American community. "She's a woman, she biracial, she will help win the election for 
Biden, she appeals to various communities and she's really smart." 
"Why should Indian-Americans not be proud of her? It's a signal that we are coming of age." 
Adapted from (https://www.bbc.com/news/election-us-2020-53745141) 
 
42. (Estratégia Militares 2020 - Inédita)The word in bold in “with whom she kept in touch 
through long distance calls and letters and periodic trips.” (paragraph 13) refers to 
a) Ms. Harris’ uncle and two aunts. 
b) Ms. Harris. 
c) Ms. Harris’s mother. 
d) Ms. Harris’ brother and sisters. 
e) India. 
Comentários: 
O trecho no texto diz que ela escreve e é próxima do irmão e duas irmãs de sua mãe, com quem 
ela manteve contato. Ao traduzir, torna-se simples perceber que “whom” está retomando o 
irmão e irmãs da mãe dela. Portanto, “whom” se refere ao seu tio e tias, resposta que 
encontramos na letra A. 
GABARITO: A 
 
43. (ESA – 2019) “_________ American?” Complete the space with the correct form of the verb 
and the pronoun. 
(A) You is 
(B) You are 
(C) Are you 
(D) Is you 
(E) Am you 
Comentários: 
A alternativa A está incorreta. “You” nunca deve ser seguido de “is”, e sim “are”. O verbo deve 
estar antes do pronome “you”, pois trata-se de uma pergunta. 
A alternativa B está incorreta. A ordem de pronome (you) e verbo (are) deveria estar invertida 
por se tratar de uma pergunta. 
A alternativa C está correta. Numa frase interrogativa, deve-se inverter a ordem de pronome e 
verbo. Portanto, “Are you American?” é gramaticalmente correto. 
A alternativa D está incorreta. “You” nunca é acompanhado de “is”, sempre de “are”. 
A alternativa E está incorreta. “You” nunca é acompanhado de “am”, sempre de “are”. 
GABARITO: C 
 
44. (ESA – 2019) Which sentence is grammatically correct? 
(A) I went to bed more earlier than usual. 
(B) Gustavo is more old than his brother. 
(C) My car is more fast than my sister’s car. 
(D) Going by train is expensiver than by car. 
(E) Camilla’s dress is cheaper than mine 
 
 
 120 
AULA 04 – Pronouns and Prepositions 
 
Comentários: 
A alternativa A está incorreta. Não se utiliza “more” junto com “earlier”, pois “earlier” já é 
comparativo. Utiliza-se apenas “earlier”, pois essa palavra, apenas, já oferece o sentido 
comparativo que a sentença busca. 
A alternativa B está incorreta. O modo comparativo de “old” é “older”, não “more old”. Só se usa 
“more” antes de adjetivo quando este adjetivo tiver pelo menos três sílabas, ou seja, quando for 
uma palavra longa. 
A alternativa C está incorreta. A mesma explicação da alternativa anterior se aplica no caso de 
“fast” o correto seria “faster”, não “more fast”. Só se usa “more” antes de adjetivo quando este 
adjetivo tiver pelo menos três sílabas, ou seja, quando for uma palavra longa. 
A alternativa D está incorreta. A palavra “expensive” é uma palavra de, pelo menos, três sílabas. 
Portanto, é correto dizer “more expensive” ao invés de “expensiver”. 
A alternativa E está correta. “Cheaper” é a forma correta de fazer o comparativo de “cheap”. 
GABARITO: E 
 
45. (ESA – 2019) Complete the sentence below using the appropriate words: 
 Mr. Harris _______ trains: He is afraid of airplanes and ______ like buses, but ______ trains. 
(A) Likes/don’t/love 
(B) Likes/doesn’t/loves 
(C) Like/do/loves 
(D) Like/don’t/love 
(E) Like/does/love 
Comentários: 
Mr. Harris ___likes____ trains: He is afraid of airplanes and ___doesn’t___ like buses, but 
___loves___ trains. 
“Mr. Harris” pode ser substituído por “he”. Sempre que se conjuga verbo naterceira pessoa do 
singular (he/she/it), acrescenta-se “S” ao final do verbo. 
A segunda lacuna deve ser preenchida por “doesn’t”, pois o sujeito está na terceira pessoa do 
singular e exige “doesn’t” ao invés de “don’t”. 
A terceira lacuna deve ser preenchida por “loves”, pois quem ama os trens é ele (he). Portanto, 
temos mais uma vez o sujeito na terceira pessoa do singular, que exige o acréscimo da letra “S” 
no final do verbo. 
Temos então a sequência: likes / doesn’t / loves 
A alternativa correta é a letra B. 
 
46. (CN – 2018) Read the text to do the question below. Complete with a, the or 0 (no article). 
___________ Brazil is a huge country. In ___________North, there are____________rain forests 
and ___________ longest river is also situated there. In ___________ South, ____________ 
climate is more European. ___________ Brazil also has many social differences.___________ rich 
own most of____________ country’s wealth and ___________ poor often live on minimum wage. 
Now mark the option which completes the gaps respectively. 
(A) 0 - the - 0 - a - the - the - 0 - a - the - a 
 
 
 121 
AULA 04 – Pronouns and Prepositions 
 
(B) The - the - 0 - a - 0 - the - the - The - 0 - the 
(C) 0 - the - 0 - the - the - the - 0 - The - the - the 
(D) The - 0 - 0 - a - 0-the- The - 0 - a - 0 
(E) The - 0 - the - a - 0 - the - The - a - a - a 
Comentários: 
Na primeira lacuna, não necessitamos de artigo antes de “Brazil”. 
A segunda lacuna fala “no norte” e não “em um norte”. Portanto, “the” (artigo definido) completa 
corretamente a lacuna. 
A terceira lacuna não é preenchida por nenhum artigo. 
A quarta lacuna fala “O rio mais longo”. “the” é o artigo definido a ser usado. 
A quinta lacuna fala “no sul” e não “em um sul”. Portanto, “the” (artigo definido) completa 
corretamente a lacuna. 
A sexta lacuna fala “O clima”. “the” é o artigo definido a ser usado. 
A sétima lacuna não pede pronome algum antes de “Brazil”. 
A oitava lacuna diz “os ricos”. “the” é a opção correta para esta lacuna. 
A nona lacuna diz “a maior parte da riqueza do país”. Mais uma vez, “the” é o pronome adequado 
a ser utilizado aqui. 
A décima lacuna diz “os pobres”. O pronome “the” é o mais adeuqado aqui. 
o-the-0-the-the-the-0-the-the-the 
GABARITO: C 
 
47. (CN – 2018) Read the comic strip in order to do the question below. The correct pronoun that 
completes the third bubble speech is 
 
 
(A) they. 
(B) it. 
(C) theirs. 
(D) its. 
(E) them. 
Comentários: 
A alternativa A está incorreta. O pronome a preencher a lacuna deverá retomar “eyes”. They é 
um subject pronoun (exerce função de sujeito na frase). A lacuna exerce função de complemento. 
A alternativa B está incorreta. O pronome a preencher a lacuna deverá retomar “eyes”. “It” é um 
pronome da terceira pessoa do singular. Por isso não pode retomar um termo no plural. 
A alternativa C está incorreta. “Theirs” é pronome possessivo. Portanto, não pode ser usado para 
preencher a lacuna. 
A alternativa D está incorreta. “Its” também é um pronome possessivo e, potanto, não pode 
preencher a lacuna. 
 
 
 122 
AULA 04 – Pronouns and Prepositions 
 
A alternativa E está correta. “Them” é um pronome que preenche adequadamente a lacuna por 
se tratar de um “object pronoun” da terceira pessoa do plural. 
GABARITO: E 
 
Directions: Answer question 48 according to the text. 
TEXT 
 
WHAT IS MODERN SLAVERY? 
Slavery did not end with abolition in the 19th century. Slavery continues today and harms 
people in every country in the world. 
Women forced into prostitution. People forced to work in agriculture, domestic work and 
factories. Children in sweatshops1 producing goods sold globally. Entire families forced to work 
for nothing to pay off generational debts. Girls forced to marry older men. 
There are estimated 40.3 million people in modern slavery around the world, including: 
• 10 million children 
• 24.9 million people in forced labour 
• 15.4 million people in forced marriage 
• 4.8 million people in forced sexual exploitation 
Someone is in slavery if they are: 
• forced to work – through coercion, or mental or physical threat; 
• owned or controlled by an ’employer’, through mental or physical abuse or the threat of 
abuse; 
• dehumanised, treated as a commodity or bought and sold as ‘property’; 
• physically constrained or have restrictions placed on their freedom of movement. 
Slavery has been a disgraceful aspect of human society for most of human history. However, 
AntiSlavery International has refused to accept that this bloody status quo should be allowed to 
persist (Aidan McQuade, former director). 
 Forms of modern slavery 
Purposes of exploitation2 can range from forced prostitution and forced labour to forced 
marriage and forced organ removal. Here are the most common forms of modern slavery. 
• Forced labour – any work or services which people are forced to do against their will3 under 
the threat of some form of punishment. 
• Debt bondage or bonded labour – the world’s most widespread form of slavery, when people 
borrow money they cannot repay and are required to work to pay off the debt, then losing 
control over the conditions of both their employment and the debt. 
• Human trafficking– involves transporting, recruiting or harbouring people for the purpose of 
exploitation, using violence, threats or coercion. 
• Descent-based slavery – where people are born into slavery because their ancestors were 
captured and enslaved; they remain in slavery by descent. 
• Child slavery – many people often confuse child slavery with child labour, but it is much worse. 
Whilst4 child labour is harmful for children and hinders5 their education and development, child 
slavery occurs when a child is exploited for someone else’s gain. It can include child trafficking, 
child soldiers, child marriage and child domestic slavery. 
 
 
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AULA 04 – Pronouns and Prepositions 
 
• Forced and early marriage – when someone is married against their will and cannot leave the 
marriage. Most child marriages can be considered slavery. 
Many forms of slavery have more than one element listed above. For example, human 
trafficking often involves advance payment for travel and a job abroad, using money often 
borrowed from the traffickers. Then, the debt contributes to control of the victims. Once they 
arrive, victims cannot leave until they pay off their debt. 
Many people think that slavery happens only overseas, in developing countries. In fact, no 
country is free from modern slavery, even Britain. The Government estimates that there are 
tens of thousands people in modern slavery in the UK. 
Modern slavery can affect people of any age, gender or race. However, contrary to a common 
misconception6 that everyone can be a victim of slavery, some groups of people are much more 
vulnerable to slavery than others. 
People who live in poverty7 and have limited opportunities for decent work are more vulnerable 
to accepting deceptive job offers that can turn exploitative. People who are discriminated 
against on the basis of race, caste, or gender are also more likely to be enslaved. Slavery is also 
more likely to occur where the rule of law is weaker and corruption is rife. 
Anti-Slavery International believes that we have to tackle8 the root causes of slavery in order to 
end slavery for good. That’s why we published our AntiSlavery Charter, listing comprehensive 
measures that need to be taken to end slavery across the world. 
(Adapted from https://www.antislavery.org/slavery-today/modern-slavery/) 
 
Glossary: 
1. sweatshop – a factory where workers are paid very little and work many hours in very bad 
conditions 
2. exploitation – abuse, manipulation 
3. will – wish, desire 
4. whilst – while 
5. to hinder – obstruct, stop 
6. misconception – wrong idea/ impression 
7. poverty – the condition of being extremely poor 
8. to tackle – attack 
 
48. (EPCAR – 2019) “Slaverycontinues today and harms people in every country in the world” 
(lines 2 and 3). The highlighted words can be substituted for _____. 
 a) them 
b) theirs 
c) their 
d) they 
Comentários: 
“Slavery continues today and harms people in every country in the world”. A escravidão 
continua hoje e afeta pessoas em todos os países do mundo. 
Ao analisar a sentença traduzida, podemos observar que o trecho sublinhado atua como objeto 
direto. A questão pede para substituirmos o trecho sublinhado por um pronome 
correspondente. 
 
 
 124 
AULA 04 – Pronouns and Prepositions 
 
A alternativa A está correta. “Them” é o pronome adequado para a substituição proposta pela 
questão. “Them” é um pronome pessoal que é usado na função sintática de objeto da oração, 
enquanto “They” é um pronome pessoal usado na função sintática de sujeito da oração. 
A alternativa B está incorreta. “Theirs” é um pronome possessivo utilizado no final das frases. 
A alternativa C está incorreta. “Their” é um pronome possessivo utilizado antes do substantivo 
ao qual ele se relaciona. 
A afirmativa D está incorreta. “They” é um pronome pessoal usado na função sintática de sujeito 
da oração. Nesse caso, o trecho sublinhado atua como objeto, e não sujeito. Por isso, o 
pronome “them” é o mais adequado para substituir o trecho. 
GABARITO: A 
 
Leia o texto a seguir e responda a questão 49. 
 
Teaching English in the Brazilian countryside 
 
“In Brazil, countryside youth want to learn about new places, new cultures and people. 
However, they think their everyday lives are an obstacle to that, because they imagine that 
country life has nothing to do with other parts of the world”, says Rafael Fonseca. Rafael 
teaches English in a language school in a cooperative coffee cultivation in Paraguaçu. His 
learners are the children of rural workers. 
Rafael tells us that the objective of the project being developed in the cooperative is to give the 
young people more opportunities of growth in the countryside, and that includes the ability to 
communicate with international buyers. “In the future, our project may help overcome the lack 
of succession in countryside activities because, nowadays, rural workers’ children become 
lawyers, engineers, teachers, and sometimes even doctors, but those children very rarely want 
to have a profession related to rural work”, says Rafael. 
“That happens”, he adds, “because their parents understand that life in the countryside can be 
hard work and they do not want to see their children running the same type of life that they 
have. Their children also believe that life in the country does not allow them to have contact 
with other parts of the world, meet other people and improve cultural bounds. The program 
intends to show them that by means of a second language they can travel, communicate with 
new people and learn about new cultures as a means of promoting and selling what they 
produce in the country, and that includes receiving visitors in their workplace from abroad.” 
Rafael’s strategy is to contextualize the English language and keep learners up-to-date with 
what happens in the global market. “Integrating relevant topics about countryside living can be 
transformative in the classroom. The local regional and cultural aspects are a great source of 
inspiration and learning not only for the young, but for us all.” 
Adapted from http://www.cambridge.org/elt/blog/2019/01/21/teaching-english-in-the-brazilian-classroom/ 
 
49. (EsPCEx – 2019) Choose the alternative with the correct reference for the underlined words 
from the text. 
[A] they (paragraph 1) = countryside youth 
[B] his (paragraph 1) = Paraguaçu 
[C] us (paragraph 2) = workers 
 
 
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AULA 04 – Pronouns and Prepositions 
 
[D] their (paragraph 3) = rural workers’ children 
[E] them (paragraph 3) = other parts of the world 
Comentários: 
A alternativa A está correta. “In Brazil, countryside youth want to learn about new places, new 
cultures and people. However, they think their everyday lives are an obstacle to that”. O trecho 
diz que a juventude rural (countryside youth) quer aprender sobre novos lugares, novas culturas 
e pessoas. Mas que, entretanto, eles (they) pensam que a vida cotidiana deles é um obstáculo 
para isso. Como podemos observar no trecho traduzido, “they” retoma “countryside youth” a 
fim de continuar explicando seus anseios. 
A alternativa B está incorreta. “Rafael teaches English in a language school in a cooperative 
coffee cultivation in Paraguaçu. His learners are the children of rural workers”. Rafael ensina 
Inglês numa escola de idiomas em um cultivo de café cooperativo em Paraguaçu. Os alunos dele 
são os filhos dos trabalhadores rurais. Nesta tradução do trecho, é possível observar que a 
palavra “dele” se refere a “Rafael”, e não a “Paraguaçu”. “His” nunca remeterá a um lugar, 
sempre a uma pessoa do sexo masculino ou, em alguns casos, a animais de estimação machos. 
A alternativa C está incorreta. “Workers” aparece num momento do texto que cita uma fala de 
Rafael. “Us” aparece no início do parágrafo quando o narrador diz: Rafael nos disse... Nesse 
caso, “us” (nos) refere-se ao narrador (entrevistador/equipe de reportagem). 
A alternativa D está incorreta. “because their parents understand that life in the countryside can 
be hard work and they do not want to see their children running the same type of life that they 
have.” Observa-se neste trecho que “their” refere-se aos trabalhadores rurais (rural workers), e 
não aos filhos dos trabalhadores rurais (rural workers’ children). 
A alternativa E está incorreta. “Their children also believe that life in the country does not allow 
them to have contact with other parts of the world”. Os filhos deles (their children) também 
acreditam que a vida no campo não permite que eles (them) tenham contato com outras partes 
do mundo (other parts of the world). Percebe-se claramente que “eles” refere-se a “Os filhos 
deles”, e não a “outras partes do mundo”. 
GABARITO: A 
 
Directions: Read the text below and answer question 50 according to it. 
 
TEXT Howard Gardner: ‘Multiple intelligences’ are not ‘learning styles’ by Valerie Strauss 
 
 The fields of psychology and education were revolutionized 30 years ago when we now 
worldrenowned psychologist Howard Gardner published his 1983 book Frames of Mind: The 
Theory of Multiple Intelligences, which detailed a new model of human intelligence that went 
beyond the traditional view that there was a single kind that could be measured by standardized 
tests. 
Gardner’s theory initially listed seven intelligences which work together: linguistic, logical-
mathematical, musical, bodily-kinesthetic, interpersonal and intrapersonal; he later added an 
eighth, naturalist intelligence and says there may be a few more. The theory became highly 
popular with K-12¹ educators around the world seeking ways to reach students who did not 
respond to traditional approaches, but over time, ‘multiple intelligences’ somehow became 
 
 
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AULA 04 – Pronouns and Prepositions 
 
synonymous with the concept of ‘learning styles’. In this important post, Gardner explains why 
the former is not the latter. 
It’s been 30 years since I developed the notion of ‘multiple intelligences’. I have been gratified 
by the interest shown in this idea and the ways it’s been used in schools, museums, and 
business around the world. But one unanticipated consequence has driven me to distraction 
and that’s the tendency of many people, including persons whom I cherish, to credit me with 
the notion of ‘learning styles’ or to collapse ‘multiple intelligences’ with ‘learning styles’. It’s 
high time to relieve my pain and to set the record straight. 
First a word about ‘MI theory’. On the basis of research in several disciplines, including the study 
of how human capacities are represented in the brain, I developed the idea that each of us has a 
number of relatively independentmental faculties, which can be termed our ‘multiple 
intelligences’. The basic idea is simplicity itself. A belief in a single intelligence assumes that we 
have one central, all-purpose computer, and it determines how well we perform in every sector 
of life. In contrast, a belief in multiple intelligences assumes that human beings have 7 to 10 
distinct intelligences. 
Even before I spoke and wrote about ‘MI’, the term ‘learning styles’ was being bandied about in 
educational circles. The idea, reasonable enough on the surface, is that all children (indeed all of 
us) have distinctive minds and personalities. Accordingly, it makes sense to find out about 
learners and to teach and nurture them in ways that are appropriate, that they value, and above 
all, are effective. 
Two problems: first, the notion of ‘learning styles’ is itself not coherent. Those who use this 
term do not define the criteria for a style, nor where styles come from, how they are 
recognized/ assessed/ exploited. Say that Johnny is said to have a learning style that is 
‘impulsive’. Does that mean that Johnny is ‘impulsive’ about everything? How do we know this? 
What does this imply about teaching? Should we teach ‘impulsively’, or should we compensate 
by ‘teaching reflectively’? What of learning style is ‘right-brained’ or visual or tactile? Same 
issues apply. 
 Problem #2: when researchers have tried to identify learning styles, teach consistently with 
those styles, and examine outcomes, there is not persuasive evidence that the learning style 
analysis produces more effective outcomes than a ‘one size fits all approach’. Of course, the 
learning style analysis might have been inadequate. Or even if it is on the mark, the fact that 
one intervention did not work does not mean that the concept of learning styles is fatally 
imperfect; another intervention might have proved effective. Absence of evidence does not 
prove non-existence of a phenomenon; it signals to educational researchers: ‘back to the 
drawing boards’. 
Here’s my considered judgment about the best way to analyze this lexical terrain: Intelligence: 
We all have the multiple intelligences. But we signed out, as a strong intelligence, an area where 
the person has considerable computational power. Style or learning style: A hypothesis of how 
an individual approaches the range of materials. If an individual has a ‘reflective style’, he/she is 
hypothesized to be reflective about the full range of materials. We cannot assume that 
reflectiveness in writing necessarily signals reflectiveness in one’s interaction with the others. 
Senses: Sometimes people speak about a ‘visual’ learner or an ‘auditory’ learner. The 
implication is that some people learn through their eyes, others through their ears. This notion 
is incoherent. Both spatial information and reading occur with the eyes, but they make use of 
 
 
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AULA 04 – Pronouns and Prepositions 
 
entirely different cognitive faculties. What matters is the power of the mental computer, the 
intelligence that acts upon that sensory information once picked up. 
These distinctions are consequential. If people want to talk about ‘an impulsive style’ or a ‘visual 
learner’, that’s their prerogative. But they should recognize that these labels may be unhelpful, 
at best, and ill-conceived at worst. 
In contrast, there is strong evidence that human beings have a range of intelligences and that 
strength (or weakness) in one intelligence does not predict strength (or weakness) in any other 
intelligences. All of us exhibit jagged profiles of intelligences. There are common sense ways of 
assessing our own intelligences, and even if it seems appropriate, we can take a more formal 
test battery. And then, as teachers, parents, or selfassessors, we can decide how best to make 
use of this information. 
(Adapted from https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/answer-sheet) 
 
Glossary: 
1. K-12 educators defend the adoption of an interdisciplinary curriculum and methods for 
teaching with objects. 
 
50. (AFA – 2017) In the sentence “there was a single kind that could be measured by 
standardized tests”, it is possible to find an option to substitute the pronoun accordingly in 
 
a) when. 
b) which 
c) how. 
d) whom. 
Comentários: 
O pronome em questão é that. 
A alternativa A está incorreta pois when é usado para designar lugar. 
A alternativa B está correta porque a palavra which é um pronome que substitui perfeitamente 
o pronome that nessa situação. Pode ser traduzido como “o/a qual”. 
A alternativa C está incorreta pois how é usado para designar “como” ou “de que forma”. 
A alternativa D está incorreta pois whom é usado como objeto na frase, e não como pronome 
relativo. 
OBS.: no trecho, encontramos os verbos no tempo passado simples (simple past). There was, 
could e measured. É interessante perceber que there was é o passado de there is, could é 
passado de can e measured é passado de measure. Dessa forma, vamos trabalhando o assunto 
da aula e nos familiarizando com os diferentes tempos verbais. 
GABARITO: B 
 
51. (2021 – Estratégia Militares – Inédita) “ at the party yesterday?” Complete the 
space with the correct form of the verb and the pronoun. 
 
a) Are you 
b) Where you 
c) Did you go 
 
 
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AULA 04 – Pronouns and Prepositions 
 
d) You went 
e) Were you 
Comentários: 
A lacuna deve ser preenchida com “were you” (você estava?) pois é a forma correta de se 
começar uma pergunta que indica passado, ou seja, “você estava na festa ontem?”. 
GABARITO: E 
 
52. (2021 – Estratégia Militares – Inédita) Which option has a correct relation of the 
underlined terms and their substitutes? 
 
a) A government spokesman says… – Her 
b) Prisoners are considered a COVID-19 risk group. – They 
c) Me and the girls were at the party and ... – They 
d) The US has thousands of cases of COVID-19. – He 
e) Feminist groups still fight for women's rights – Them 
Comentários: 
A alternativa A está incorreta. O substituto correto para “a government spokesman” (um 
porta-voz do governo) não é “her” (dela), mas sim, “he” (ele). 
A alternativa B está correta. O substituto correto para “prisioners” (prisioneiros) é “they” 
(eles), assim como esta opção indica. 
A alternativa C está incorreta. O substituto correto para “me and the girls” (eu e as meninas) 
não é “they” (elas), mas sim, “we” (nós). 
A alternativa D está incorreta. O substituto correto para “the US” (os EUA) não é “he” (ele), 
mas sim, “it”. 
A alternativa E está incorreta. O substituto correto para “feminist groups” (grupos 
feministas) não é “them” (deles), mas sim, “they” (eles). 
GABARITO: B 
 
53. (2021 – Estratégia Militares – Inédita) Which sentence is grammatically correct? 
 
a) That women is in love with me 
b) A motorcycle is more slow than a car 
c) She practices physical exercise every week 
d) I have a sofa new 
e) He need to be loved 
Comentários: 
A alternativa A está incorreta. A palavra “women” está no plural, ou seja, mulheres; o 
correto seria “woman” (mulher). Ou seja “aquela mulher está apaixonada por mim”. 
A alternativa B está incorreta. Ao comparar algo, neste caso, deve ser utilizado o sufixo -er 
ao fim da palavra, ou seja, o correto seria “slower” (mais lento). Ou seja “Uma motocicleta é 
mais lenta que um carro”. 
A alternativa C está correta. A frase "Ela pratica exercícios físicos todas as semanas” está 
totalmente correta. 
 
 
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AULA 04 – Pronouns and Prepositions 
 
A alternativa D está incorreta. Neste caso, o correto seria “I have a new sofa” (eu tenho um 
sofá novo), a ordem está errada. 
A alternativa E está incorreta. Neste caso, o verbo “to need” deveria estar no simple present, 
ou seja, “he needs” (ele precisa). Ou seja, “ele precisa ser amado”. 
GABARITO: C 
 
Read the text II to do item 54. 
TEXT II 
Climate change: Summers could become 'too hot for humans' 
Millions of people around the world couldbe exposed to dangerous levels of heat stress - a 
dangerous condition which can cause organs to shut down. 
Many live in developing countries, and do jobs that expose them to potentially life 
threatening conditions. These include being out in the open on farms and building sites or 
indoors in factories and hospitals. Global warming will increase the chances of summer 
conditions that may be "too hot for humans" to work in. 
When we caught up with Dr Jimmy Lee, his goggles were steamed up and there was 
sweat trickling off his neck. An emergency medic, he's labouring in the stifling heat of tropical 
Singapore to care for patients with Covid-19. There's no air conditioning - a deliberate choice, to 
prevent the virus being blown around - and he notices that he and his colleagues become "more 
irritable, more short with each other". 
And his personal protective equipment, essential for avoiding infection, makes things 
worse by creating a sweltering 'micro-climate' under the multiple layers of plastic. "It really hits 
you when you first go in there," Dr Lee says, "and it's really uncomfortable over a whole shift of 
eight hours - it affects morale." 
One danger, he realises, is that overheating can slow down their ability to do something 
that's vital for medical staff - make quick decisions. Another is that they may ignore the warning 
signs of what's called heat stress - such as faintness and nausea - and keep on working till they 
collapse. 
What is heat stress? 
It's when the body is unable to cool down properly so its core temperature keeps rising to 
dangerous levels and key organs can shut down. It happens when the main technique for getting 
rid of excess heat - the evaporation of sweat on the skin - can't take place because the air is too 
humid. And as Dr Lee and other medics have found, the impermeable layers of personal 
protection equipment (PPE) - designed to keep the virus out - have the effect of preventing the 
sweat from evaporating. 
According to Dr Rebecca Lucas, who researches physiology at the University of 
Birmingham, the symptoms can escalate from fainting and disorientation to cramps and failure 
of the guts and kidneys. "It can become very serious as you overheat, and in all areas of the 
body." 
How can we spot it? 
A system known as the Wet Bulb Globe Temperature (WBGT) measures not only heat but 
also humidity and other factors to give a more realistic description of the conditions. Back in the 
1950s, the US military used it to work out guidelines for keeping soldiers safe. 
 
 
 130 
AULA 04 – Pronouns and Prepositions 
 
When the WBGT reaches 29C, for example, the recommendation is to suspend exercise 
for anyone not acclimatised. Yet that's the level Dr Lee and his colleagues are regularly 
experiencing at Singapore's Ng Teng Fong General Hospital. And at the top of the scale - when 
the WBGT registers 32C - the US says strenuous training should stop because the risk becomes 
"extreme". 
But levels that high have recently been recorded inside hospitals in Chennai in India by 
Prof Vidhya Venugopal of the Sri Ramachandra University. She's also found workers in a salt pan 
enduring a WBGT that climbs during the day to 33C - at which point they have to seek shelter. 
And in a steel plant, a ferocious level of 41.7C was recorded, the workers being among the most 
vulnerable to what she calls "the huge heat". 
"If this happens day-in, day-out, people become dehydrated, there are cardiovascular 
issues, kidney stones, heat exhaustion," Prof Venugopal says. 
What solutions are there? 
According to Dr Jimmy Lee, "it's not rocket science". People need to drink plenty of fluid 
before they start work, take regular breaks and then drink again when they rest. His hospital has 
started laying on "slushie" semi-frozen drinks to help the staff cool down. But he admits that 
avoiding heat stress is easier said than done. 
For him and his colleagues, going for rests involves the laborious process of changing out 
of PPE and then back into a new set of equipment. There's a practical problem as well - "some 
people do not want to drink so they can avoid having to go to the toilet," he says. And there's a 
professional desire to keep working whatever the difficulties so as not to let colleagues and 
patients down at a time of crisis. 
People who are highly motivated can actually be at the greatest risk of heat injury, says 
Dr Jason Lee, an associate professor in physiology at the National University of Singapore. He's a 
leading member of a group specialising in the dangers of excessive heat, the Global Heat Health 
Information Network, which has drawn up guidelines to help medics cope with Covid-19. 
It's spearheaded by the World Health Organization (WHO), the World Meteorological 
Organization (WMO) and the US weather and climate agency Noaa. Dr Lee says that as well as 
measures like rest and fluids - and shade for outdoor workers - a key strategy for resisting heat 
stress is to be fit. "This climate change will be a bigger monster and we really need a 
coordinated effort across nations to prepare for what is to come. "If not," he says, "there'll be a 
price to be paid." 
(Adapted from https://www.bbc.com/news/science-environment-53415298) 
 
54. (Estratégia Militares – Inédita – 2020) Read the extract from the text 
 
“…and keep on working till they collapse” (paragraph 4) 
 
The word “they” refers to 
 
a) Indoor workers 
b) Dr Jimmy Lee’s colleagues 
c) Dr Jimmy and his family 
d) Dr Jimmy Lee and his colleagues 
 
 
 131 
AULA 04 – Pronouns and Prepositions 
 
e) Outdoor workers 
Comentários: 
A palavra “they” (eles) se refere ao Dr Jimmy Lee e seus colegas (Dr Jimmy Lee and his 
colleagues), que são citados nos parágrafos anteriores. Isso pode ser confirmado com o 
trecho “…and he notices that he and his colleagues become…”. 
GABARITO: D 
 
55. (Estratégia Militares – Inédita – 2020) Mark the sentence which is grammatically correct 
a) The mother is responsible for the children 
b) My sister are the best in the world 
c) I make my bed this weekend 
d) The Queen live in London 
e) I’ll do a surgery this month 
Comentários: 
A alternativa A está correta. Essa é a estrutura correta para se dizer que a mãe é responsável 
pelos filhos 
A alternativa B está incorreta. O erro da alternativa está na conjugação do verbo to be, que 
deveria estar no singular “is” para se referir a apenas uma irmã. 
A alternativa C está incorreta. O erro da alternativa está na falta do “will” depois do eu (I), há 
um erro de conjugação. 
A alternativa D está incorreta. O erro da alternativa está na conjugação do verbo live, que 
deveria ser “lives” para o presente do indicativo. 
A alternativa E está incorreta. O erro da alternativa está na expressão “I will do a surgery”. 
Em inglês se diz que você irá sofrer uma cirurgia, e não fazer uma cirurgia, ou seja, deveria 
ser “I will have a surgery”. 
GABARITO: A 
 
56. (Estratégia Militares – Inédita – 2020) Observe the map 
 
 
 132 
AULA 04 – Pronouns and Prepositions 
 
 
(https://br.pinterest.com/pin/330029478919831267/) 
 
It’s correct to say that 
 
a) Church is near to the Korean restaurant 
b) Supermarket is behind the theater 
c) Music shop is between the hotel 
d) Museum is across from the hospital 
e) Public library is far away from the bus stop 
Comentários: 
A alternativa A está incorreta. Não é correto dizer que a igreja é perto do restaurante 
coreano, mas sim, que eles estão distantes um do outro. 
A alternativa B está correta. É correto afirmar que o supermercado é atrás do teatro, assim 
como esta opção indica. 
A alternativa C está incorreta. Não é correto afirmar que a loja de música é entre o hotel, 
mas sim, que eles estão perto um do outro. 
A alternativa D está incorreta. Não é correto afirmar que o museu é na frente do hospital, 
mas sim, que eles estão distantes um do outro. 
A alternativa E está incorreta. Não é correto afirmar quea biblioteca pública é longe do 
ponto de ônibus, mas sim, que eles estão na frente um do outro. 
GABARRITO: B 
 
57. (Estratégia Militares – Inédita – 2020) Read and complete the sentence below 
Donald Trump knew the extent of ___ deadly coronavirus threat ___ February but intentionally 
misled the public by deciding ___ “play it down”, according to interviews recorded by one of 
America’s most venerated investigative journalists. 
(Adapted from https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2020/sep/09/trump-bob-woodward-
book-rage-coronavirus) 
 
 
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AULA 04 – Pronouns and Prepositions 
 
 
 Mark the option which best completes the blanks correctly 
 
a) X / in / to 
b) The / on / for 
c) The / on to 
d) The / in / to 
e) X / in / for 
Comentários: 
A primeira lacuna deve ser preenchida com “the” (o), pois a frase se refere a ameaça do 
corona vírus, especificamente, ou seja, necessita do artigo definido. 
A segunda lacuna deve ser preenchida com “in” (em), pois a frase se refere a algo que 
aconteceu em fevereiro, ou seja, pede a preposição in. 
A terceira lacuna deve ser preenchida com “to”, pois a frase se refere ao Trump ter decidido 
à alguma coisa, ou seja, pede a preposição “to”, como por exemplo “decidec to play the 
piano” (decidiu tocar piano). 
GABARITO: D 
 
Read the text II to do item 58. 
TEXT II 
Robert Trump: brother of president Donald Trump dies aged 71 
President confirms his younger brother has died after being taken to hospital in New York 
 Donald Trump’s younger brother, Robert Trump, died on Saturday night aged 71 after 
being hospitalised in New York, the president said in a statement. 
 Trump on Friday visited his brother in hospital after White House officials said Robert 
had become seriously ill. Officials did not immediately release a cause of death. 
 “It is with heavy heart I share that my wonderful brother, Robert, peacefully passed away 
tonight,” Donald Trump said in a statement. “He was not just my brother; he was my best friend. 
He will be greatly missed, but we will meet again. His memory will live on in my heart forever. 
Robert, I love you. Rest in peace.” 
 Robert Trump had reportedly been hospitalised in the intensive care unit for several days 
that same month. He took blood thinners and had recently experienced brain bleeds after a fall, 
according to the New York Times. 
 Both longtime businessmen, Robert and Donald had strikingly different personalities. 
Donald Trump once described his younger brother as “much quieter and easygoing than I am” 
and “the only guy in my life whom I ever call ‘honey’”. 
 Robert Trump began his career on Wall Street working in corporate finance but later 
joined the family business, managing real estate holdings as a top executive in the Trump 
Organization. 
“When he worked in the Trump Organization he was known as the nice Trump,” Gwenda Blair, a 
Trump family biographer, told the Associated Press. “Robert was the one people would try to 
get to intervene if there was a problem.” 
 Robert Trump was born in 1948, the youngest of New York City real estate developer Fred 
Trump’s five children. 
 
 
 134 
AULA 04 – Pronouns and Prepositions 
 
 “I have a wonderful brother,” the president during a news conference at the White House on 
Friday, the same day he had visited him in hospital. “We’ve had a great relationship for a long 
time, from Day 1,” he said. 
 But their relationship could be turbulent. The president, more than two years older than 
Robert, admitted bullying his brother in their younger years, even as he praised his loyalty and 
laid-back demeanour. 
 “I think it must be hard to have me for a brother but he’s never said anything about it and 
we’re very close,” Donald Trump wrote in his 1987 bestseller The Art of the Deal. 
“Robert gets along with almost everyone,” he added, “which is great for me since I sometimes 
have to be the bad guy.” 
 In the 1980s Donald Trump tapped Robert to oversee an Atlantic City casino project, calling 
him the perfect fit for the job. When it cannibalised his other casinos, though, “he pointed the 
finger of blame at Robert”, said Blair, author of The Trumps: Three Generations that Built an 
Empire. 
 “When the slot machines jammed the opening weekend at the Taj Mahal, he very specifically 
and furiously denounced Robert, and Robert walked out and never worked for his brother 
again,” Blair said. 
 A Boston University graduate, Robert later managed the Brooklyn portion of father Fred 
Trump’s real estate empire, which was eventually sold. 
 Once a regular boldface name in Manhattan’s social pages, Robert had kept a lower profile in 
recent years. “He was not a newsmaker,” Blair said. 
 Before divorcing his first wife, Blaine Trump, more than a decade ago, Robert Trump had been 
active on Manhattan’s Upper East Side charity circuit. 
 He avoided the limelight during his elder brother’s presidency, having retired to the Hudson 
Valley. Robert and Donald reportedly reconciled at that time, with Robert describing himself as 
a big supporter of the White House run in a 2016 interview with the New York Post. 
“I support Donald one thousand percent,” Robert Trump said. 
 In early March of 2020, he married his longtime girlfriend, Ann Marie Pallan. 
 The eldest Trump sibling and Mary’s father, Fred Trump Jr, struggled with alcoholism and died 
in 1981 at the age of 43. The president’s surviving siblings include Elizabeth Trump Grau and 
Maryanne Trump Barry, a retired federal appeals judge. 
 Authors Michael Kranish and Marc Fisher described Robert Trump as soft spoken but cerebral 
in Trump Revealed: The Definitive Biography of the 45th President: “He lacked Donald’s 
charismatic showmanship, and he was happy to leave the bravado to his brother, but he could 
show flashes of Trump temper.” 
(Adapted from https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2020/aug/16/robert-trump-brother-of-president-donald-trump-dies-aged-71) 
 
58. (Estratégia Militares – Inédita – 2020) Read the extract from the text 
 
“But their relationship could be turbulent” (paragraph 10) 
 
The word “their” refers to 
 
a) Donald and Fred Trump 
 
 
 135 
AULA 04 – Pronouns and Prepositions 
 
b) Donald and Robert Trump 
c) Robert and his 4 siblings 
d) Fred and his 5 children 
e) Robert Trump and his ex-wife Blaine Trump 
Comentários: 
A palavra “their” (deles) se refere a Donald e Robert Trump. É possível afirmar isso pois o 
parágrafo anterior ao décimo fazia menção a Robert e Donald, ou seja, a palavra “deles” no 
início do parágrafo seguinte só poderia se referir a eles. 
GABARITO: B 
 
 
 
Observe this comic strip to do item 59. 
 
 (Adapted from https://www.thecomicstrips.com/index.php?iid=184107) 
 
59. (Estratégia Militares – Inédita – 2020) The correct use of verb to be to complete the blank 
on the strip is 
 
a) Are 
b) Aren’t 
c) Were 
d) Weren’t 
e) Is 
Comentários: 
A alternativa A está incorreta. “Are” é a forma plural, afirmativa e no presente do verb to be, 
porém a questão requisitava uma forma plural, interrogativa e no presente. 
A alternativa B está correta. “Aren’t” é o uso correto do verb to be para este caso. Um uso 
plural, interrogativo e no presente. 
 
 
 136 
AULA 04 – Pronouns and Prepositions 
 
A alternativa C está incorreta. “Were” é a forma plural do verb to be, porém, se encontra no 
passado e na forma afirmativa, enquanto a questão requisitava uma forma plural, 
interrogativa e no presente. 
A alternativa D está incorreta. “Weren’t” é a forma plural e interrogativa do verb to be, 
porém, se encontra no passado, enquanto a questão requisitava uma forma plural, 
interrogativa e no presente. 
A alternativa E está incorreta. “Is” é a forma singular do verb to be e se encontra no 
presente, porém a questão requisitava uma forma plural, interrogativa e no presente. 
GABARITO: B 
 
60. (Estratégia Militares – Inédita – 2020) Mark the sentence which is grammaticallycorrect 
 
a) The teacher is responsible for the class during class time 
b) My mother are the best in the world 
c) I make my bed later, today 
d) The president live in the white house 
e) I’ll do a surgery this week. I will have to skip work for a few days 
Comentários: 
A alternativa A está correta. Essa é a estrutura correta para se dizer que a professora é a 
responsável pela turma em horário de aula. 
A alternativa B está incorreta. O erro da alternativa está na conjugação do verbo to be, que 
deveria estar no singular “is” para se referir a apenas uma mãe. 
A alternativa C está incorreta. O erro da alternativa está na falta do “will” depois do eu (I), há 
um erro de conjugação. 
A alternativa D está incorreta. O erro da alternativa está na conjugação do verbo live, que 
deveria ser “lives” para o presente do indicativo. 
A alternativa E está incorreta. O erro da alternativa está na expressão “I will do a surgery”. 
Em inglês se diz que você irá sofrer uma cirurgia, e não fazer uma cirurgia, ou seja, deveria 
ser “I will have a surgery”. 
GABARITO: A 
 
61. (Estratégia Militares – Inédita – 2020) Read and complete the sentence below 
 
Reuters reports that ___ Spanish health ministry on Monday announced 1,833 new 
coronavirus infections diagnosed in ___ past 24 hours, below Friday’s post-lockdown record 
of 2,987 but more than three times ___ average seen in July. 
(Adapted from https://www.theguardian.com/world/live/2020/aug/17/coronavirus-live-news-new-zealand-postpones-election-italy-
closes-nightclubs) 
 
a) The / X / the 
b) X / the / the 
c) X / X / the 
d) The / the / the 
e) X / the / X 
 
 
 137 
AULA 04 – Pronouns and Prepositions 
 
Comentários: 
A primeira lacuna deve ser preenchida com “the” (artigo definido) por conta da especificação 
de qual ministério da saúde está em questão. 
A segunda lacuna deve ser preenchida com “the” (artigo definido) por conta de uma 
especificação de um tempo exato, no passado. 
A terceira lacuna deve ser preenchida com o “the” (artigo definido) por conta da 
especificação de uma média específica. 
GABARITO: D 
 
Read Text I to do question 62. 
Text 1 
New York's hungry rats torment alfresco diners after lockdown famine 
New York City is starting to tentatively emerge from the ravages of the coronavirus 
pandemic but a revival in outdoor restaurant dining is facing a new hazard – a plague of rats. 
Diners are facing a surge in rat activity following a lockdown period where the rodents 
were cut off from key food sources as businesses including restaurants and grocery stores shut 
down, forcing rats to battle for snacks and even eat each other. 
Since 22 June, New York City restaurants have been allowed to serve people again in 
outdoor settings, prompting sidewalks and car parking spaces to be dotted with tables and 
chairs. But the resumption of alfresco dining has led to people having unexpected rodent 
companions for their meals. 
Giacomo Romano, who owns Ciccio, an Italian restaurant in Manhattan’s Soho, said rats 
from a nearby park have been harassing diners since the outdoor meals were permitted. “Last 
night, a customer had a baby rat running on his shoe, and I let you just imagine his reaction,” 
Romano told NBC. 
Romano and other business owners have called on the city to do more to reduce rat 
populations, as the city hauls itself out of a pandemic crisis that has claimed more than 20,000 
lives. New infections and deaths have dropped sharply since April but New York City has 
postponed plans to allow indoor dining due to concerns over surging Covid-19 cases in other 
states, such as Florida, Texas and Arizona. 
New York City has waged a long and often fruitless war against rats, with the rodents 
adapting adroitly to the city’s haphazard waste collection and disposal practices. Rats are a 
common sight in streets and in the subway, where the rodents have proven themselves adept at 
spiriting away slices of pizza. 
The resumption of dining activity is likely to stir a wave of activity among rats following a 
period of relative famine, meaning interactions with people are set to continue. 
“Rats are designed to smell molecules of anything that’s food-related,” Bobby Corrigan, 
an urban rodentologist, told NBC. “They follow those food molecules like heat-seeking missiles – 
and eventually you know they end up where those molecules are originating.” 
(Adapted from: https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2020/jul/10/new-york-rats-diners-outdoor-restaurants) 
 
62. (Estratégia Militares – Inédita – 2020) Read the extract from the text. 
 
 
 138 
AULA 04 – Pronouns and Prepositions 
 
"rodent companions for their meals." (paragraph 3) 
The word “their” refers to: 
a) Meals 
b) People 
c) Companions 
d) Rodent 
e) Alfresco dining 
Comentários: 
A alternativa A está incorreta. “Meals” está relacionada à palavra “their” no texto, mas a 
palavra “their” não se refere a “meals”. 
A alternativa B está correta. A palavra “their” retoma exatamente a palavra “people”, pois o 
texto fala sobre as refeições das pessoas “Their meals”. 
A alternativa C está incorreta. “Their” não se refere a “companions”, mas sim a “people”. 
“Companions” se refere à “rodent”. 
A alternativa D está incorreta. O pronome “their” não está sendo usado para retomar 
“rodent”, mas sim “people”, pois “their meals” significa refeições delas (das pessoas). 
A alternativa E está incorreta. “Their” não poderia se referir a “alfresco dining”, pois “alfresco 
dining” significa refeição ao ar livre e não poderia ser retomado por “their”. 
GABARITO: B 
 
63. (Estratégia Militares – Inédita – 2020) Mark the sentence which is grammatically correct. 
 
a) My brother will born tomorrow at the hospital. 
b) The President is the reponsible for the Executive Branch. 
c) My dog will do a surgery. He needs some rest. 
d) There is people who get convicted by the judge. 
e) Have you done your bed yet? 
Comentários: 
A alternativa A está incorreta. O erro da alternativa está no fato de que ela não usa 
corretamente o verbo nascer. Deve-se dizer “will be born” ao invés de “will born” 
A alternativa B está correta. Essa é a estrutura correta para se dizer que o presidente é o 
responsável pelo poder executivo. 
A alternativa C está incorreta. Em inglês, não podemos dizer que o cachorro vai fazer uma 
cirurgia. Isso faz parecer que o cachorro vai operar alguém quando, na verdade, o cachorro irá 
sofrer a cirurgia. Então, deveríamos escrever “will have a surgery” ao invés de “will do a 
surgery”. 
A alternativa D está incorreta. O erro desta alternativa está no uso de “there is”, pois a frase traz 
a palavra “people” que remete ao plural, sendo correto o uso de “there are” ao invés de “there 
is”. 
A alternativa E está incorreta. Ao dizer “fazer a cama”, devemos escrever “make the bed” ao 
invés de dizer “do the bed”. Portanto, seria correto trocar “done” por “made”. 
GABARITO: B 
 
64. (Estratégia Militares – Inédita – 2020) Read and complete the sentence below. 
 
 
 139 
AULA 04 – Pronouns and Prepositions 
 
 
______ minister declared that ______ UK will be on an “irreversible path” to eliminating “high-
risk vendors” such as ______Huawei in 5G by ______ time of ______ next general election in 
2024, in attempt to placate some MPs. 
Adapted from https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2020/jul/14/huawei-to-be-stripped-of-role-in-uk-5g-network-by-2027-dowden-
confirms. 
 
Mark the option which best completes the blanks respectively. 
a) the / X / the / X / X 
b) the / the / the / X / the 
c) the/ X / the / X / the 
d) X / X / the / X / the 
e) the / the / X / the / the 
Comentários: 
A primeira lacuna deve ser preenchida por “the”. É obrigatório o uso do artigo definido “the” 
porque ele define o substantivo “minister” como um ministro específico. 
A segunda lacuna deve ser preenchida por “the”. Há a necessidade do uso do artigo definido na 
segunda lacuna pelo fato de que o artigo definido é obrigatórioantes de países com nomes 
compostos ou suas siglas. 
A terceira lacuna deve ser preenchida por “X”. Não se pode usar o artigo definido “the” nessa 
lacuna, pois a palavra seguinte é um substantivo próprio, e não se usa artigo definido antes de 
substantivos próprios. 
A quarta lacuna deve ser preenchida por “the”. O uso do artigo é necessário nesta lacuna pelo 
fato de que trata-se de uma expressão específica “by the time”. 
A quinta lacuna deve ser preenchida por “the”. O artigo é necessário para específicar as eleições 
das quais se fala. Trata-se da próxima eleição geral em 2024. 
Temos a sequência: the / the / the / the / the 
GABARITO: E 
 
Read Text I to do question 65. 
Text 1 
Galwan Valley: China accuses India of 'deliberate provocation' 
China has accused Indian troops of a "deliberate provocation" in its first official comments on 
Monday's deadly clash at a disputed Himalayan border. 
Foreign ministry spokesman Lijian Zhao said the troops had crossed into Chinese territory and 
attacked, triggering "fierce physical conflicts". 
However he did not give details of any Chinese casualties. 
On Friday Indian PM Narendra Modi said no foreign soldiers had crossed India's borders and no 
territory had been lost. 
Mr Modi vowed that India would defend its border with military force if necessary. 
Twenty Indian soldiers were killed in the clash in the Galwan Valley. India has said that both 
sides suffered losses during the fighting. 
What is China's version of events? 
 
 
 140 
AULA 04 – Pronouns and Prepositions 
 
In a series of tweets, Mr Zhao said the Galwan Valley was on the Chinese side of the Line of 
Actual Control (LAC), the poorly demarcated border between the two nuclear-armed powers. 
He said the clash occurred at a time when tension had been easing after India demolished 
infrastructure it had built on the Chinese side of the LAC in May and withdrew personnel, 
following an agreement between Chinese and Indian officers. 
But on 15 June Indian troops "once again crossed the Line of Actual Control for deliberate 
provocation when the situation in the Galwan Valley was already easing", Mr Zhao said. 
"India's front-line troops even violently attacked the Chinese officers and soldiers who went 
there for negotiation, thus triggering fierce physical conflicts and causing casualties," he said. 
India has been building "roads, bridges and other facilities" at the LAC in Galwan Valley since 
April, Mr Zhao said. 
What did PM Modi say about it? 
In a televised statement on Friday, Mr Modi said there had been no incursion into Indian 
territory. 
"Nobody has intruded into our border, neither is anybody there now, nor have our posts been 
captured," he said. 
India's armed forces had been "given a free hand to take all necessary steps" to protect Indian 
territory, he added. 
"The entire country is hurt and angry at the steps taken by China," he said, adding: "India wants 
peace and friendship, but upholding sovereignty is foremost." 
His government had previously blamed China for the clash, with the foreign ministry releasing a 
statement on Wednesday saying it had been sparked after "the Chinese side sought to erect a 
structure in Galwan valley on our side of the LAC". 
What happened in the Galwan Valley? 
Media reports said troops clashed on ridges at a height of nearly 4,300m (14,000 ft) on steep 
terrain, with some soldiers falling into the fast-flowing Galwan river in sub-zero temperatures. 
At least 76 Indian soldiers were reportedly injured in addition to the 20 dead. China has not 
released any information about Chinese casualties. 
The fighting took place without any firearms because of a 1996 agreement barring guns and 
explosives from the area. 
An image that emerged on Thursday purportedly showed some of the crude weapons used in 
the fight. 
The photograph, which appears to show iron rods studded with nails, was passed to the BBC by 
a senior Indian military official on the India-China border, who said the weapons had been used 
by the Chinese. 
The image was widely shared on Twitter in India, prompting outrage from many social media 
users. Neither Chinese or Indian officials have commented on it. 
(Adapted from: https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-53118473) 
 
65. (Estratégia Militares – Inédita – 2020) Read the extract from the text. 
"defend its border with military force if necessary." (paragraph 4) 
The word “its” refers to: 
 
 
 141 
AULA 04 – Pronouns and Prepositions 
 
a) Mr Modi 
b) India 
c) Border 
d) Defend 
e) Force 
Comentários: 
A alternativa A está incorreta. “Mr Modi” está relacionada à palavra “vowed” no texto, e não 
tem relação com “its”. 
A alternativa B está correta. A palavra “its” retoma exatamente a palavra “India”, pois o texto 
fala em defesa de sua fronteira, defesa da fronteira da Índia. 
A alternativa C está incorreta. Não é a fronetrira que possui outra fronteira, mas sim a Índia. 
Por isso, não se pode dizer que “its” se refere a “border”. 
A alternativa D está incorreta. O pronome “its” não pode ser usado para retomar um verbo, 
mas sempre um substantivo, pois trata-se de um pronome possessivo. 
A alternativa E está incorreta. “Its” não poderia se referir a “force”, pois “force” está vinculado 
à palavra “military”, e não a “its”. 
GABARITO: B 
 
66. (Estratégia Militares – Inédita – 2020) Mark the sentence that is not true. 
a) People retire when they get too old to work. 
b) After high school, you can apply to a university. 
c) My fiancee and I will get married next month. 
d) If you are late, you will lose the bus to work. 
e) Brazilian Navy is responsible for patrolling Brazilian coast. 
Comentários: 
A alternativa A está incorreta. As pessoas se aposentam quando se tornam velhas demais para 
trabalhar. A sentença é verdadeira e está gramaticalmente correta. 
A alternativa B está incorreta. Depois do ensino médio, você pode se candidatar a uma 
universidade. A sentença é verdadeira e está gramaticalmente correta. Observe que é correto o 
uso do artigo indefinido “a” antes de “university”, ainda que essa palavra comece com uma 
vogal, pois se enquadra na regra das palavras que começam com o som de “iu”. 
A alternativa C está incorreta. Eu e minha noiva iremos nos casar no próximo mês. A sentença é 
verdadeira e está gramaticalmente correta. 
A alternativa D está correta. Essa é a sentença que apresenta uma informação falsa. O erro está 
no uso da palavra “lose”, já que ela não pode ser usada no contexto apresentado. Quando 
queremos dizer “perder o ônibus”, usamos a expressão “miss the bus” ao invés de “lose the 
bus”. 
A alternativa E está incorreta. A Marinha do Brasil é responsável por patrulhar a costa brasileira. 
A sentença é verdadeira e está gramaticalmente correta. 
GABARITO: D 
 
67. (Estratégia Militares – Inédita – 2020) Read the sentence in order to do the question below. 
This is my mom’s bed and that one is my bed. 
Mark the option which rewrites the sentence using the correct possessive. 
 
 
 142 
AULA 04 – Pronouns and Prepositions 
 
a) This bed is theirs and that one is mine. 
b) This is theirs beds and that is my bed. 
c) This is their bed and that one is my. 
d) This bed is them and that one is my. 
e) This is theirs bed and that one is mine. 
Comentários: 
A alternativa A está correta. Quando o pronome é posicionado depois do objeto cuja posse é 
determinada pelo pronome, usamos os “Possessive Pronouns”, e não os “Possessive adjectives”. 
A alternativa B está incorreta. O pronome “theirs” deveria ser posicionado após o substantivo 
“beds”. O uso do “my” está correto na segunda parte da sentença. 
A alternativa C está incorreta. O uso de “their” na primeira parte da sentença está correto, mas 
o “my” no fim da frase deveria ser substituído por “mine” para que a sentença ficasse correta. 
A alternativa D está incorreta. Os dois possessivos da sentença estão sendo usados de maneira 
incorreta. O primeiro (them) deveria ser substituído por “theirs”,pois “them” é um “objective 
pronoun”, não um “possessive pronoun”. O segundo (my) deveria ser substituído por “mine”, 
por conta do posicionamento do substantivo antes do pronome. 
A alternativa E está incorreta. O pronome “theirs” deveria estar posicionado após o substantivo 
“bed” para que a estrutura fique correta. O pronome “mine” está sendo corretamente utilizado 
na sentença. 
GABARITO: A 
 
68. (Estratégia Militares – Inédita – 2020) Mark the sentence which is grammatically correct. 
a) How many fruit do you eat a day? 
b) How much have you paid in taxes to government last year? 
c) Rich people forgets the actual value of money. 
d) There is people who likes eating junk food. 
e) Have you made your homework yet? 
Comentários: 
A alternativa A está incorreta. “fruit” é um substantivo incontável e, por isso, não podemos usar 
“How many fruit” para perguntar sobre a quantidade de frutas. Nessa situação, devemos usar 
“how much fruit”. 
A alternativa B está correta. Essa é a estrutura correta para se perguntar o quanto você pagou 
em impostos para o governo no ano passado. 
A alternativa C está incorreta. “People” é uma palavra que está no plural e, portanto, exige que 
o verbo seja conjugado de acordo. Portanto, deveríamos ter o verbo conjugado como “forget” 
ao invés de “forgets”. 
A alternativa D está incorreta. O erro desta alternativa está no uso de “there is”, pois a frase traz 
a palavra “people” que remete ao plural, sendo correto o uso de “there are” ao invés de “there 
is”. 
A alternativa E está incorreta. O erro da alternativa está no uso do verbo “made” que não se usa 
para perguntar se alguém fez o trabalho de casa. O correto seria substituir o verbo por “done”, 
que é a forma mais adequada de fazer a pergunta. 
GABARITO: B 
 
 
 
 143 
AULA 04 – Pronouns and Prepositions 
 
69. (Estratégia Militares – Inédita – 2020) Read and complete the sentence below. 
On ______ occasion of World Health Day, I want to thank all those working in _____ healthcare 
profession for your selfless commitment and diligence as you undertake vitally important roles 
to protect and improve ______ health and well-being of people across _____ Commonwealth, 
and around ______ world. 
Adapted from https://www.royal.uk/queens-message-healthcare-professionals-world-health-day 
 
Mark the option which best completes the blanks respectively. 
a) the / X / the / X / X 
b) the / the / the / X / the 
c) the/ X / the / X / the 
d) X / X / the / X / the 
e) the / the / the / the / the 
Comentários: 
A primeira lacuna deve ser preenchida por “the”. É obrigatório o uso do artigo definido “the” 
porque ele define o substantivo “occasion” como a ocasião do dia mundial da saúde. 
A segunda lacuna deve ser preenchida por “the”. Há a necessidade do uso do artigo definido na 
segunda lacuna pelo fato de que o texto especifica de qual profissão se está falando. 
A terceira lacuna deve ser preenchida por “the”. É necessário o uso do artigo definido “the” 
nessa lacuna, pois o texto fala da saúde das pessoas de forma específica, e não de uma forma 
generalista. 
A quarta lacuna deve ser preenchida por “the”. O uso do artigo é necessário nesta lacuna pelo 
fato de que trata-se de uma comunidade de países específicos, que são subordinados à coroa 
britânica. 
A quinta lacuna deve ser preenchida por “the”. O artigo é necessário pelo fato de se tratar de 
substantivo considerado único em sua espécie, assim como lua, sol, céu, etc. 
Temos a sequência: the / the / the / the / the 
GABARITO: E 
 
70. (Estratégia Militares – Inédita – 2020)Mark the sentence which is grammatically correct. 
a) How many water do you drink a day? 
b) Which fees have you paid to enroll at this school? 
c) Ignorant people don’t recognize his own ignorance. 
d) There are a very beautiful girl in my classroom. 
e) Have you gone to London during your vacation? 
Comentários: 
A alternativa A está incorreta. “Water” é um substantivo incontável e, por isso, não podemos 
usar “How many water” para perguntar sobre a quantidade de água. Nessa situação, devemos 
usar “how much water”. 
A alternativa B está correta. Essa é a estrutura correta para se perguntar quais taxas você pagou 
para se matricular nessa escola. 
A alternativa C está incorreta. “People” é uma palavra que está no plural e, portanto, exige que 
o verbo seja conjugado de acordo. “His” é usado apenas no singular masculino, devendo ser 
substituído por “their” quando no plural. 
 
 
 144 
AULA 04 – Pronouns and Prepositions 
 
A alternativa D está incorreta. O erro desta alternativa está no uso de “there are”, pois a frase 
está no singular, sendo correto o uso de “there is” ao invés de “there are”. 
A alternativa E está incorreta. O erro da alternativa está no uso do verbo “gone” que não se usa 
para perguntar se alguém foi a algum lugar. O correto seria substituir o verbo por “been”, que é 
a forma mais adequada de fazer a pergunta. 
GABARITO: B 
 
71. (Estratégia Militares – Inédita – 2020) Read and complete the sentence below. 
Atop a shaded hill at ______ edge of São Paulo, ______ gravedigger thinks he knows ______ 
truth. No matter how bad it appears in ______ Brazil, ______ reality is significantly worse. 
Adapted from (https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/the_americas/coronavirus-brazil-testing-bolsonaro-cemetery-
gravedigger/2020/04/22/fe757ee4-83cc-11ea-878a-86477a724bdb_story.html) 
Mark the option which best completes the blanks respectively. 
a) the / X / the / X / X 
b) the / the / the / the / the 
c) the/ X / the / X / the 
d) X / X / the / X / the 
e) the / the / the / X / the 
Comentários: 
A primeira lacuna deve ser preenchida por “the”. É obrigatório o uso do artigo definido “the” 
porque ele define o substantivo “edge” como O limite de São Paulo. 
A segunda lacuna deve ser preenchida por “the”. Há a necessidade do uso do artigo definido na 
segunda lacuna pelo fato de que o texto trata de um coveiro específico, e a função do artigo é 
especificar o coveiro. 
A terceira lacuna deve ser preenchida por “the”. É necessário o uso do artigo definido “the” 
nessa lacuna, pois o texto fala da verdade, e a verdade é uma só e específica. 
A quarta lacuna deve ser preenchida por “X”. O uso do artigo é proibido nesta lacuna pelo fato 
de que não se usa artigo antes de nome de país, exceto por aqueles que se escrevem como 
siglas, como USA, UK, UAE. 
A quinta lacuna deve ser preenchida por “the”. O artigo é necessário pelo fato de se tratar de 
uma realidade específica e única. 
Temos a sequência: the / the / the / X / the 
GABARITO: E 
 
Leia o texto a seguir e responda a questão 72. 
 
'This is Crazy.' A Record 2 Million Acres of California Have Burned This Year With Heat 
Conditions Predicted to Continue 
 More than 2 million acres ___(1) land have been burned by wildfires in California as of 
Monday, according to state fire agency Cal Fire, surpassing the all-time record of 1.9 million set 
in 2018. Cal Fire and climate scientists predict that the number of acres burned this year 
will continue to grow with upcoming weather conditions, including continued heat and 
offshore winds. 
 “This is crazy. We haven’t even got into the October and November fire season and 
we’ve broken the all-time record,” Cal Fire Capt. Richard Cordova told CNN on Sunday. 
 
 
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AULA 04 – Pronouns and Prepositions 
 
 A Monday statement by Cal Fire said it and fire departments across ___(2) state 
remain prepared for potentially more significant wildfires due to critical fire weather. 
 In a Friday tweet, climate scientist Daniel Swain of the University of California, Los 
Angeles, and the National Center for Atmospheric Research, predicted Monday’s new 
record. He tells TIME the prediction was not very impressive “since we were 95% of the 
way there on Friday.” 
The state is experiencing another wave of record-breaking heat this weekend, and 
offshore winds beginning around this time of year—the Santa Anna winds in the south, and 
theDiablo winds in the north—are expected to spread fires further towards the coast of 
California, according to Swain, where most people live. 
 “All indications are that this fire season is going to continue to be worse than 
average,” Swain says. 
 With the large number of fires burning already, stretching firefighting resources, 
and the combination of a heat wave and offshore winds, “you don’t even need new 
ignitions, new sparks,” Swain adds. “These winds will push those fires in places where we 
don’t want them to go, close to where people live.” 
(Adapted from https://time.com/5886622/record-wildfires-california-climate-change/) 
 
72. (2020 – Estratégia Militares – Inédita) Choose the alternative containing the correct 
word to respectively complete gaps (1) and (2) 
 
a) Of, by 
b) By, the 
c) By, it 
d) Of, the 
e) The, of 
Comentários: 
A primeira lacuna deve ser preenchida com “of”, pois, a frase se refere à de terra, 
ou seja, a preposição “of” é necessária. 
A segunda lacuna deve ser preenchida com “the”, pois, a frase se refere ao estado 
da Califórnia, ou seja, à um estado específico que foi anteriormente citado, então a 
preposição “the” é necessária. 
GABARITO: D 
 
Leia o texto a seguir e responda a questão 73 
India Now Has More Confirmed COVID-19 Cases Than Any Country Except the U.S. 
 India’s increasing coronavirus caseload made the Asian giant the pandemic’s 
second-worst-hit country behind the United States ___(1) Monday as its efforts to head off 
economic disaster gain urgency. 
 The 90,802 cases added in the past 24 hours pushed India’s total past Brazil with 
4.2 million cases. India ___(2) now only behind the United States, where more than 6.2 
million people have been infected, according to Johns Hopkins University. 
 India’s Health Ministry on Monday also reported 1,016 deaths for a total of 71,642, 
the third-highest national toll. 
 
 
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AULA 04 – Pronouns and Prepositions 
 
 The world’s second-most populous country with 1.4 billion people, India has been 
recording the world’s largest daily increases in coronavirus cases for almost a month. 
Despite over 2 million new cases in the past month and the virus spreading through the 
country’s smaller towns and villages, ___(3) Indian government has continued relaxing 
restrictions to try and resuscitate the economy. 
(Adapted from https://time.com/5886565/india-covid-19-record/) 
 
73. (2020 – Estratégia Militares – Inédita) Choose the alternative containing the correct 
words to complete the gaps (1), (2) and (3) in paragraphs 1, 2 and 4 respectively 
 
a) In, was, the 
b) On, is, a 
c) On, was, the 
d) In, will be, the 
e) On, is, the 
Comentários: 
A primeira lacuna deve ser preenchida com “on”, pois se refere a um dia da 
semana, ou seja, na segunda (on Monday). 
A segunda lacuna deve ser preenchida com “is”, pois se refere à onde a Índia está 
agora, no presente, ou seja, a Índia está apenas atrás dos EUA (...is only behind...). 
A terceira lacuna deve ser preenchida com “the”, pois se refere ao governo da 
Índia, especificamente, ou seja, pede o artigo definido “o”. 
GABARITO: E 
 
Leia o texto a seguir e responda a questão 74. 
 
Coronavirus: WHO reports record daily rise in new infections 
The World Health Organization (WHO) has recorded a record one-day rise in the number of 
new coronavirus infections, with 307,930 reported over 24 hours. 
The agency said that deaths rose by more than 5,500, bringing the global total to 917,417. The 
biggest increases in infections were reported in India, the US and Brazil. Worldwide there have 
been more than 28 million confirmed cases, half of which have been in the Americas. 
The previous one-day record for new cases was on 6 September when the WHO reported 
306,857 new infections. 
Where are cases rising most steeply? 
According to the WHO, India reported 94,372 new cases on Sunday, followed by the US with 
45,523 and Brazil with 43,718. More than 1,000 new deaths were recorded in the US and India 
while Brazil said 874 people had died from Covid-19 related illness in the past 24 hours. 
India has the second largest number of confirmed cases in the world, behind the US. Last week 
it reported nearly two million Covid-19 cases in August, the highest monthly tally in the world 
since the pandemic began. 
The country saw an average of 64,000 cases per day - an 84% hike from average daily cases in 
July, according to official data. The death toll has topped 1,000 every day since the beginning of 
September. 
 
 
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AULA 04 – Pronouns and Prepositions 
 
Brazil has recorded more than four million cases, the third highest in the world. It has the 
highest number of deaths in Latin America, with about 131,000 so far. The US has recorded 
almost a quarter of the world's total number of coronavirus cases - more than six million. It saw 
an increase in the number of daily cases in July, but the numbers have fallen since then. 
The US has the world's highest recorded death toll from Covid-19, with more than 194,000 
fatalities. 
Adaptado de https://www.bbc.com/news/world-54142502?intlink_from_url=https://www.bbc.com/news/topics 
 
74. (Estratégia Militares 2020 – inédita) 
In the sentence ““It saw an increase in the number of daily cases in July, but the numbers have 
fallen since then.”, the word it refers to 
[A] a quarter. [B] the US. [C] world’s total number. 
[D] Latin America. [E] deaths. 
Comentários: 
A alternativa A está incorreta. A palavra “it” está sendo usada para retomar “the US”, que o país 
que viu um aumento dos casos em julho. Sendo assim, não se pode dizer que a palavra “it” está 
retomando “a quarter”. 
A alternativa B está correta. A palavra “it” está sendo usada para retomar “the US”, que o país 
que viu um aumento dos casos em julho, exatamente como diz a alternativa. 
A alternativa C está incorreta. A palavra “it” está sendo usada para retomar “the US”, que o país 
que viu um aumento dos casos em julho. Sendo assim, não se pode dizer que a palavra “it” está 
retomando “world’s total number”. 
A alternativa D está incorreta. A palavra “it” está sendo usada para retomar “the US”, que o país 
que viu um aumento dos casos em julho. Sendo assim, não se pode dizer que a palavra “it” está 
retomando “Latin America”. 
A alternativa E está incorreta. A palavra “it” está sendo usada para retomar “the US”, que o país 
que viu um aumento dos casos em julho. Sendo assim, não se pode dizer que a palavra “it” está 
retomando “deaths”. 
GABARITO: B 
 
Based on the text below, answer the question that follow it. 
 
Covid babies don't have to be the unlucky generation. But they must be helped 
 
 A year into this pandemic, there are babies now learning to walk and talk who have never 
known anything but life under the shadow of Covid, and preschoolers who can barely remember 
a world before it. Doctors’ children have had to learn not to touch Mummy when she gets in 
from work, until she’s had a shower to wash off any last possible trace of danger. Thanks to 
popular toddler demand, you can now buy masks for dolls. 
 It’s perfectly normal for kids to reflect what’s happening around them by playing quarantine 
with stuffed animals, but normal too for adults to wonder uncomfortably whether all this leaves 
a lasting mark. How much will it matter in years to come that, as the minister for loneliness 
Diana Barran recently put it, there are toddlers being raised by shielding parents who have 
never had a playdate? Will Covid babies grow up solitary creatures, used to entertaining 
 
 
 148 
AULA 04 – Pronouns and Prepositions 
 
themselves, or warier of the strangers they so rarely meet and interact with? Taking a tiny 
bundle out in public used to mean an endless succession of random older women cooing over 
the pram, or strangers pulling faces to entertain a bored baby in a checkout queue. But now 
passersby daren’t get close, and other shoppers are hidden behind masks.This week MPs were presented with some early findings from a project led by the First 1001 
Days Movement, an alliance of early-years charities and professionals, tracking the lives of 
under-twos growing up through a pandemic. A survey of children’s service providers it 
commissioned found 98% thought the babies and toddlers they worked with had been affected 
by higher parental stress and anxiety, while 92% had seen fearful families effectively cutting 
themselves off from the outside world, skipping routine appointments or not wanting to leave 
the house. Nine in 10 had observed children being played with less, or being less active. 
Heartbreakingly, more than a quarter said lockdown left the children they worked with more 
exposed to domestic conflict, abuse or neglect. 
(Adapted from https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2021/jan/22/covid-babies-unlucky-generation-help-lockdown) 
 
75. (Estratégia Militares 2020 – inédita) In paragraph 1, the word “she” refers to 
 
a) Children 
b) Doctor 
c) Toddler 
d) Mummy 
e) Babies 
Comentários: 
A alternativa A está incorreta. A palavra “she” (ela) não se refere às crianças, mas sim, a 
mamãe (mummy). Isso pode ser confirmado com o trecho “Doctors’ children have had to 
learn not to touch Mummy when she gets in from work…”. 
A alternativa B está incorreta. A palavra “she” (ela) não se refere a doutora, mas sim, a 
mamãe (mummy). Isso pode ser confirmado com o trecho “Doctors’ children have had to 
learn not to touch Mummy when she gets in from work…”. 
A alternativa C está incorreta. A palavra “she” (ela) não se refere às crianças, mas sim, a 
mamãe (mummy). Isso pode ser confirmado com o trecho “Doctors’ children have had to 
learn not to touch Mummy when she gets in from work…”. 
A alternativa D está correta. A palavra “she” (ela) se refere a mamãe (mummy), assim como 
esta opção indica. Isso pode ser confirmado com o trecho “Doctors’ children have had to 
learn not to touch Mummy when she gets in from work…”. 
A alternativa E está incorreta. A palavra “she” (ela) não se refere aos bebês, mas sim, a 
mamãe (mummy). Isso pode ser confirmado com o trecho “Doctors’ children have had to 
learn not to touch Mummy when she gets in from work…”. 
GABARITO: D 
 
76. (2021 – Estratégia Militares – Inédita) Which is the correct option to complete the 
paragraph below? 
 
 
 
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AULA 04 – Pronouns and Prepositions 
 
“____ current situation with regard to the access and distribution ____ Covid-19 vaccines 
vividly illustrates the decades-old contradictions of ____ world order.” 
(Adapted from https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2021/feb/07/africans-covid-
vaccinations-pandemic-paul-kagame) 
 
a) The / of / - 
b) The / with / the 
c) - / of / the 
d) The / of / the 
e) The / at / its 
Comentários: 
A primeira lacuna deve ser preenchida com “the” (a/o) pois especifica a uma situação, ou 
seja, “the current situation...” (a situação atual...). 
A segunda lacuna deve ser preenchida com “of” (da/do/de) pois a frase se refere a 
distribuição da vacina da Covid-19, ou seja, “... distribution of Covid-19 vaccines...” 
(distribuição da vacina da Covid-19). 
A terceira lacuna deve ser preenchida com “the” (a/o) pois especifica uma ordem, ou seja, 
“...the world order” (a ordem mundial). 
GABARITO: D 
 
77. (2021 – Estratégia Militares – Inédita) Mark the correct option to complete the text 
below. 
 
Isabella went for a walk. ___ wanted to stop for cold water, went into the cafeteria and 
wiped ___ sweat with ___ towel. Then ___ went back to her walk and went back home. 
 
a) She / she / her / she 
b) She / her / her / her 
c) Her / her / her / she 
d) She / she / she / she 
e) She / her / her / she 
Comentários: 
A primeira lacuna deve ser preenchida com “she” (ela), pois se refere ao fato de Isabella ter 
parado para tomar uma água gelada, ou seja, “she wanted to stop for cold water” (Ela quis 
parar para tomar uma água gelada). 
A segunda lacuna deve ser preenchida com “her” (dela), pois se refere a suor de Isabella, ou 
seja, “wiped her sweat” (secou seu suor). 
A terceira lacuna deve ser preenchida com “her” (dela), pois se refere a toalha de Isabella, ou 
seja, “with her towel” (com sua toalha). 
A quarta lacuna deve ser preenchida com “she” (dela), pois se refere ao fato de Isabella ter 
voltado para a caminhada, ou seja, “she went back to her walk” (ela voltou para sua 
caminhada). 
GABARITO: E 
 
 
 
 150 
AULA 04 – Pronouns and Prepositions 
 
78. (2021 – Estratégia Militares – Inédita) Mark the correct option to complete the text 
below. 
 
In news anyone could have predicted, ___ seems well-off and well-connected people around 
the world are finding nefarious ways ___ skip to the front ___ the coronavirus vaccine line. 
(Adapted from https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2021/feb/09/these-wealthy-
vaccine-cheats-prove-we-were-never-all-in-this-together) 
 
a) It / to / - 
b) - / to / of 
c) It / of / of 
d) It / to / of 
e) It / of / - 
Comentários: 
A primeira lacuna deve ser preenchida com “it”, pois é a melhor preposição que se encaixa 
nesse contexto, ou seja, “...parece que pessoas abastadas e bem conectadas...”. 
A segunda lacuna deve ser preenchida com “to” (para), pois é a melhor preposição que se 
encaixa nesse contexto, ou seja, “...formas nefastas de pular para a frente da linha de 
vacinas...”. 
 A terceira lacuna deve ser preenchida com “of” (do/da), pois é a melhor preposição que se 
encaixa nesse contexto, ou seja, “...frente da linha de vacinas contra o coronavírus”. 
GABARITO: D 
 
79. (2021 – Estratégia Militares – Inédita) Which option completes the sentence below 
correctly? 
 
It is important that we welcome ____ people, so that ____ social problem is partially solved. 
 
a) This / these 
b) These / this 
c) These / those 
d) This / those 
e) These / these 
Comentários: 
A primeira lacuna deve ser preenchida com “these” (essas/esses) pois a frase se refere a 
algumas pessoas específicas, ou seja, “é importante que nós acolhemos essas pessoas...”. 
A segunda lacuna deve ser preenchida com “this” (essa/esse) pois a frase se refere a um 
problema social específico, ou seja, “...para que este problema social seja parcialmente 
resolvido”. 
GABARITO: B 
 
80. (2020 – Estratégia Militares – Inédita) Which is the correct option to complete the 
paragraph below? 
Gratitude in the Workplace 
 
 
 151 
AULA 04 – Pronouns and Prepositions 
 
Researchers Adam M. Grant and Francesco Gino studied the impact of _____ sincere ‘Thank 
You’ in the workplace. Their findings show a 50 percent increase in the amount of additional 
help being offered as a result of ______ appreciation. Folks, that’s HUGE. 
_______ a experiment by the same researchers, the Director of an organization personally 
thanked half the staff ______for their contribution to the company. The result? A 50% increase 
in sales calls the following week from the half who had been shown gratitude. Talk about 
impacting the bottom line at zero net cost. 
(Adapted from https://www.huffpost.com/entry/the-power-of-thank-you_b_8557810) 
 
(A) a / the / According to / for 
(B) an / the / Because of / for 
(C) a / - / According to / because of 
(D) a / the / According to / because of 
(E) an/ - / Because of / for 
Comentários: 
A primeira lacuna deve ser preenchida por “a”. O texto está falando do impacto de UM sincero 
obrigado no ambiente de trabalho. O artigo indefinido é necessário para afirmar que não é um 
agradecimento específico, mas sim qualquer agradecimento, desde que seja sincero. 
A segunda lacuna deve ser preenchida por “the”. Nesse caso, trata-se de um agradecimento 
específico. A pesquisa mostra um aumento de 50% na quantidade de ajuda oferecida como 
resultado DAQUELE agradecimento sincero. Portanto, um agradecimento específico gerou mais 
ofertas de ajuda. Por isso há a necessidade de um artigo definido antes da palavra 
“appreciation”. 
A terceira lacuna deve ser preenchidapor “according to”. A ideia que o texto quer passar é que 
de acordo com um experimento, ou segundo um experimento, e não por causa de um 
experimento, já que a informação que vem a seguir não é consequência do experimento em si, 
mas sim da ação tomada durante o experimento, que tem como propósito apenas observar a 
reação das pessoas diante de um agradecimento pessoal. 
A quarta lacuna deve ser preenchida por “for”. O uso da preposição “for” nessa lacuna é exigido 
pela regência do verbo to thank. Em português, quem agradece, agradece POR alguma coisa. Em 
inglês, who thanks, thanks FOR something. 
Temos a sequência: a / the / according to / for. 
GABARITO: A 
 
81. (2020 – Estratégia Militares – Inédita) Which option completes the paragraph below 
correctly? 
The past few weeks have felt a little like riding a roller coaster _____ a blindfold ______. 
Through it all, I keep coming back ______ the same question.” What’s the Right Response 
______ the Coronavirus Outbreak? 
 (Adapted from www.hrexaminer.com) 
 
(A) with / on / to / for 
(B) at/ off / for / with 
 
 
 152 
AULA 04 – Pronouns and Prepositions 
 
(C) with / on / to / to 
(D) at/ on / to / with 
(E) with / for / with / of 
Comentários: 
A primeira lacuna deve ser preenchida por “with”. Não se pode usar “at” porque blindfold não é 
um lugar, mas sim um acessório que se veste. Traduzindo: ... é como andar de montanha russa 
COM uma venda... 
A segunda lacuna deve ser preenchida por “on”. Faz sentido usar “on” para dizer que está 
usando uma venda nos olhos, pois “on” é usado para dizer que se está vestindo algo, ou que 
algo está sobre sua pele, corpo, olhos... Traduzindo: ...é como andar de montanhas russa com 
uma venda SOBRE seus olhos. 
A terceira lacuna deve ser preenchida por “to”. Essa preposição é exigida pela regência do verbo 
“to come”. Who comes back, comes back to somewhere. 
A quarta lacuna deve ser preenchida por “to”. Trata-se de regência nominal. A regência de 
“response” é “to”. Quem tem uma reação, tem uma reação A algo. Who has a response, has a 
response TO something. 
Temos a sequência: with / on / to / to. 
GABARITO: C 
 
82. (2020 – Estratégia Militares – Inédita) Which of the options completes the text below 
correctly? 
I do not want _____ gun in my house. _____The gun is in his closet. I am afraid of _____ guns. 
She sent me _____a postcard from Italy. It's _____the postcard that I have in my office. Getting 
_____ postcards makes me want to travel. 
(Adapted from http://www.butte.edu/departments/cas/tipsheets/grammar/articles.html) 
(A) a / the / - / a / the / - 
(B) an / a / - / a / the/ - 
(C) the / the / the / a / the / a 
(D) a / a / the / - / a / the 
(E) a / the / a / the / - / the 
Comentários: 
A primeira lacuna deve ser preenchida por “a”. O artigo indefinido é utilizado porque a pessoa 
não está falando de uma arma específica, mas sim de qualquer arma. 
A segunda lacuna deve ser preenchida por “the”. Se há uma arma no guarda-roupa, então 
logicamente, a pessoa está falando especificamente da arma que se encontra dentro do guarda-
roupa e, por isso, faz-se necessário o uso do artigo definido. 
A terceira lacuna deverá ser preenchida por “-”. Quando a pessoa diz que tem medo de armas, 
ela está falando de armas de uma maneira geral e, nesse caso, não se usa nenhum artigo, mas 
sim o substantivo no plural apenas (guns). 
A quarta lacuna deve ser preenchida por “a”. Ela fala do cartão postal sem especificar o cartão 
e, por isso, usa-se o artigo indefinido nessa situação. 
A quinta lacuna deve ser preenchida por “the”. Faz-se necessário o uso artigo definido porque a 
pessoa especifica que se trata do cartão postal que a pessoa tem em seu escritório. 
 
 
 153 
AULA 04 – Pronouns and Prepositions 
 
A sexta lacuna deve ser preenchida por “-”. Mais uma vez temos o uso do substantivo 
“postcards” no plural como um indicativo de que a pessoa está falando de cartões postais em 
geral. Nessa situação não utilizamos nenhum artigo antes do substantivo. 
Temos a sequência: a / the / - / a / the / - 
GABARITO: A 
 
83. (2020 – Estratégia Militares – Inédita) Mark the correct option to complete the text 
below. 
Peter went for a walk. __________ stopped when he arrived at the café and took off 
__________ coat, then __________ sat down in __________ favourite chair. Peter’s friend, Sally 
came in. Sally sat down in __________ favourite chair, then __________ put __________ 
handbag on the floor. 
(Adapted from: < http://www.primaryresources.co.uk/english/pdfs/using_pronouns.pdf) 
 
(A) his / her / she / her / her / she / her 
(B) he / him / she / him / him / he / his 
(C) he / his / he / her / his / he / her 
(D) her / him / she / him / her / they / him 
(E) he / his / he / his / her / she / her 
Comentários: 
A primeira lacuna deve ser preenchida por “he”. A lacuna retoma Peter, e por isso devemos usar 
o pronome “he”. 
A segunda lacuna deve ser preenchida por “his”. O texto tem a intenção de dizer que o Peter 
tirou seu próprio casaco. Usamos o possessivo “his” para indicar a posse do casaco por parte de 
Peter. 
A terceira lacuna deve ser preenchida por “he”. Mais uma vez, devemos usar o pronome “he” 
porque esse pronome tem a função de retomar o substantivo Peter. 
A quarta lacuna deve ser preenchida por “his”. Usamos o possessivo para indicar que aquela era 
a cadeira preferida DELE. 
A quinta lacuna deve ser preenchida por “her”. Agora usamos o possessivo “her” para indicar 
que Sally sentou na cadeira que era a preferida DELA. 
A sexta lacuna deve ser preenchida por “she”. O pronome usado tem a função de retomar o 
substantivo Sally. 
A sétima lacuna deve ser preenchida por “her”. O possessivo “her” é usado para indicar que a 
bolsa é DELA. 
GABARITO: E 
 
84. (2020 – Estratégia Militares – Inédita) Which is the correct option to complete the 
paragraph below? 
Social Integration 
Social integration is ______ actual participation in various social relationships, ranging ______ 
romantic partnerships to friendships. 
 
 
 154 
AULA 04 – Pronouns and Prepositions 
 
 This integration involves emotions, intimacy, and a sense of belonging ______ different social 
groups, such as being part of a family, a partnership, a social activity, or a religious community. 
Experts suggest that ______ integrated into such social relationships confers a protective 
benefit against maladaptive behaviors and damaging health consequences. 
(Adapted from https://www.verywellmind.com/social-support-for-psychological-health-4119970) 
(A) the / from / to / being 
(B) an / from / at / being 
(C) the / to / to / be 
(D) the / from / to / be 
(E) a / to / at / being 
Comentários: 
A primeira lacuna deve ser preenchida por “the”. O texto está falando da definição de 
integração social e, assim, faz mais sentido que se use um artigo definido para definir alguma 
coisa . 
A segunda lacuna deve ser preenchida por “from”. Nesse caso, trata-se da regência de “range”. 
Something ranges from this to that. Então, as preposições “from” e “to” fazem parte da regência 
de “range”. 
A terceira lacuna deve ser preenchida por “to”. Mais uma vez, temos uma lacuna que trata de 
regência. Agora de “belong”. Who belongs, belongs to...”. Por isso, a necessidade do uso da 
preposição “to”. 
A quarta lacuna deve ser preenchida por “being”. O uso de “that” imediatamente antes do 
verbo exige que o verbo seja escrito no gerúndio. 
Temos a sequência: the / from / to / being. 
GABARITO: A 
 
85. (2020 – Estratégia Militares – Inédita) Which option completes the paragraph below 
correctly? 
Latin America's largest country is testing people ______ a rate far lower than any other 
nation with at least 40,000 cases. It tests 12 times fewer people ______ Iran, and 32 times 
fewer ______ the United States. Hospitalized patients aren't being tested. Some medical 
professionals aren't being tested. People are dying ______ their homes without being tested. 
(Adapted from https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/the_americas/coronavirus-brazil-testing-bolsonaro-cemetery-gravedigger)(A) at / that / that / on 
(B) with/ that / that / on 
(C) at / than / than / in 
(D) with/ than / that / in 
(E) at / than / than / on 
Comentários: 
A primeira lacuna deve ser preenchida por “at”. Não se pode usar “with” porque quando 
usamos a palavra “rate”, se diz “at a rate” ou “at this rate”, sempre com a preposição “at”. 
A segunda lacuna deve ser preenchida por “than”. A palavra “than” faz parte da estrutura do 
comparativo que está sebdo usado na frase, dizendo que o país testa 12 vezes menos pessoas 
que o Iran. 
 
 
 155 
AULA 04 – Pronouns and Prepositions 
 
A terceira lacuna deve ser preenchida por “than”. A palavra “than” faz parte da estrutura do 
comparativo que está sebdo usado na frase, dizendo que o país testa 32 vezes menos pessoas 
que os Estados Unidos. 
A quarta lacuna deve ser preenchida por “in”. Trata-se de uma regra. Não se fala “on their 
homes”, mas sim “in their homes”, pois a preposição “in” dá a ideia de interior da casa. 
Temos a sequência: at / than / than / in. 
GABARITO: C 
 
86. (2020 – Estratégia Militares – Inédita) Which of the options completes the text below 
correctly? 
My brother works for ______ international airline in _______ USA. He didn’t go to ______ 
university. 
Do you work for ______ big company? 
No, not yet. I’m still ______ student but I can play ______ piano very well 
(A) an / the / - / a / a / the 
(B) an / a / - / a / the/ - 
(C) the / the / the / a / the / a 
(D) a / a / the / - / a / the 
(E) an / the / a / the / - / the 
Comentários: 
A primeira lacuna deve ser preenchida por “an”. O artigo indefinido é utilizado porque a pessoa 
está falando de uma empresa, mas não a especifica. 
A segunda lacuna deve ser preenchida por “the”. Sempre se deve usar o artigo definido “the” 
antes de países representados por siglas como USA, UK, UAE. 
A terceira lacuna deverá ser preenchida por “-”. Quando a pessoa diz que não foi à universidade, 
ela diz de forma generalista, já que não se está falando de uma universidade específica, mas sim 
de qualquer uma, já que ele não foi a nenhuma. 
A quarta lacuna deve ser preenchida por “a”. o texto fala da empresa sem especificar qual é a 
empresa, por isso, usa-se o artigo indefinido nessa situação. 
A quinta lacuna deve ser preenchida por “a”. Faz-se necessário o uso artigo indefinido porque a 
pessoa especifica que é um estudante, ou seja, um entre vários outros. Ele não é o único 
estudante. 
A sexta lacuna deve ser preenchida por “the”. Antes de instrumentos musicais como “piano”, 
“guitar”, “drums”, “violin”, etc, deve-se sempre usar o artigo definido. Isso é uma regra. 
Temos a sequência: a / the / - / a / a / the 
GABARITO: A 
 
87. (2020 – Estratégia Militares – Inédita) Mark the correct option to complete the text 
below. 
Jane went for a run. __________ stopped when she got to a convenience store and took off 
__________ coat, then __________ sat down in __________ favourite chair. Jane’s friend, Joe 
came in. Joe sat down in __________ favourite chair, then __________ put __________ suitcase 
on the floor. 
 
 
 156 
AULA 04 – Pronouns and Prepositions 
 
 
(A) her / hers / she / her / her / she / her 
(B) she / her / she / him / him / he / his 
(C) she / his / he / her / his / he / her 
(D) her / hers / she / him / her / they / him 
(E) she / her / she / her / his / he / his 
Comentários: 
A primeira lacuna deve ser preenchida por “she”. A lacuna retoma Jane, e por isso devemos usar 
o pronome “she”. 
A segunda lacuna deve ser preenchida por “her”. O texto tem a intenção de dizer que a Jane 
tirou seu próprio casaco. Usamos o possessivo “her” para indicar a posse do casaco por parte de 
Jane. 
A terceira lacuna deve ser preenchida por “she”. Mais uma vez, devemos usar o pronome “she” 
porque esse pronome tem a função de retomar o substantivo Jane. 
A quarta lacuna deve ser preenchida por “her”. Usamos o possessivo para indicar que aquela 
era a cadeira preferida DELA. 
A quinta lacuna deve ser preenchida por “his”. Agora usamos o possessivo “his” para indicar que 
Joe sentou na cadeira que era a preferida DELE. 
A sexta lacuna deve ser preenchida por “he”. O pronome usado tem a função de retomar o 
substantivo Joe. 
A sétima lacuna deve ser preenchida por “his”. O possessivo “his” é usado para indicar que a 
bolsa é DELE. 
GABARITO: E 
 
88. (2020 – Estratégia Militares – Inédita) Which is the correct option to complete the 
paragraph below? 
What Is Stress? 
First, an answer to ______ question, 'What is stress?' ______ term 'stress' refers ______ the 
response you have when facing circumstances that force you ______ act, change, or adjust in 
some way to maintain your footing or to keep things balanced. (The circumstances themselves 
are known as 'stressors', but we'll have more on them later.) 
(Adapted from https://www.verywellmind.com/chronic-stress-definition-management-tips-3145241) 
(A) the / the / to / to 
(B) a / a / at / - 
(C) the / a / to / to 
(D) the / the / to / - 
(E) a / the / at / - 
Comentários: 
 
 
 157 
AULA 04 – Pronouns and Prepositions 
 
A primeira lacuna deve ser preenchida por “the”. O texto está falando de uma pergunta 
específica, que é: “O que é estresse?”. Portanto, o artigo definido é o mais adequado nesse 
caso. 
A segunda lacuna deve ser preenchida por “the”. O artigo definido é necessário por estarmos 
falando de um termo específico, e não de um termo qualquer. 
A terceira lacuna deve ser preenchida por “to”. Temos uma lacuna que trata da regência do 
verbo “refer”. “Who refers, refers to...”. Por isso, a necessidade do uso da preposição “to”. 
A quarta lacuna deve ser preenchida por “to”. Temos uma lacuna que trata da regência do 
verbo “force”. “Who force, force someone/something to...”. Por isso, a necessidade do uso da 
preposição “to”.. 
Temos a sequência: the / the / to / to. 
GABARITO: A 
 
89. (2020 – Estratégia Militares – Inédita) Which option completes the paragraph below 
correctly? 
While quick stress relievers aren't a complete stress management plan in themselves, they are 
an excellent first line of defense against the effects of chronic stress. This is because they can 
help you turn ______ your body's stress response and respond ______ the stressors you face 
from a calm (or calmer), more relaxed place. This helps you to more effectively deal ______ 
what is stress, and keep yourself healthier ______ the same time. Common strategies for quick 
stress relief include breathing exercises or the use of humor. 
(Adapted from https://www.verywellmind.com/chronic-stress-definition-management-tips-3145241) 
(A) of / to / with / at 
(B) on/ - / to / in 
(C) off / to / with / at 
(D) off/ to / to / in 
(E) on / - / with / on 
Comentários: 
A primeira lacuna deve ser preenchida por “off”. Trata-se de uma expressão fixa, um phrasal 
verb. O própeio contexto nos ajuda a perceber que a ajuda consiste em desligar a resposta do 
corpo ao estresse. 
A segunda lacuna deve ser preenchida por “to”. A palavra “respond” exige que usemos a 
preposição “to” por uma questão de regência do verbo. 
A terceira lacuna deve ser preenchida por “with”. A palavra “deal” exige que usemos a 
preposição “with” por uma questão de regência do verbo. 
A quarta lacuna deve ser preenchida por “at”. Trata-se de uma expressão fixa. “At the same 
time” significa ao mesmo tempo. 
Temos a sequência: off / to / with / at. 
GABARITO: C 
 
90. (2020 – Estratégia Militares – Inédita) Which of the options completes the text below 
correctly? 
 
 
 158 
AULA 04 – Pronouns and Prepositions 
 
She does voluntary work for ______ international charity organization in _______ UK. She didn’t 
go to ______ work last week, though. 
Do you work for ______ university? 
No, I’m still ______ student. 
(A) an / the / - / a / a 
(B) an / a / - / a / the 
(C) the / the / the / a / the 
(D) a / a / the / - / a 
(E) an / the / a / the / - 
Comentários: 
A primeira lacuna deve ser preenchida por “an”. O artigo indefinidoé utilizado porque a pessoa 
está falando de uma organização, mas não a especifica. 
A segunda lacuna deve ser preenchida por “the”. Sempre se deve usar o artigo definido “the” 
antes de países representados por siglas como USA, UK, UAE. 
A terceira lacuna deverá ser preenchida por “-”. Quando a pessoa diz que não foi ao trabalho, 
ela diz de forma generalista, isso faz com que não seja usado o artigo definido “the”. 
A quarta lacuna deve ser preenchida por “a”. Apesar de iniciar com vogal, “university” é uma 
palavra que inicia com som de “iu”, e todas as palavras que começam com esse som são 
precedidas do artigo indefinido “a”, e não “an”. 
A quinta lacuna deve ser preenchida por “a”. Faz-se necessário o uso artigo indefinido porque a 
pessoa especifica que é um estudante, ou seja, um entre vários outros. Ele não é o único 
estudante. 
Temos a sequência: a / the / - / a / a 
GABARITO: A 
 
91. (2020 – Estratégia Militares – Inédita) Mark the correct option to complete the text 
below. 
Patricia went for a walk. __________ stopped when she got to a restaurant and took off 
__________ coat, then __________ took __________ favourite spot in the place. Patricia’s 
friend, John came in. John sat down in __________ favourite chair, then __________ put 
__________ wallet on the table. 
 
(A) her / hers / she / her / her / she / her 
(B) she / her / she / him / him / he / his 
(C) she / his / he / her / his / he / her 
(D) her / hers / she / him / her / they / him 
(E) she / her / she / her / his / he / his 
Comentários: 
A primeira lacuna deve ser preenchida por “she”. A lacuna retoma Patricia, e por isso devemos 
usar o pronome “she”. 
A segunda lacuna deve ser preenchida por “her”. O texto tem a intenção de dizer que a Patricia 
tirou seu próprio casaco. Usamos o possessivo “her” para indicar a posse do casaco por parte de 
Patricia. 
 
 
 159 
AULA 04 – Pronouns and Prepositions 
 
A terceira lacuna deve ser preenchida por “she”. Mais uma vez, devemos usar o pronome “she” 
porque esse pronome tem a função de retomar o substantivo Patricia. 
A quarta lacuna deve ser preenchida por “her”. Usamos o possessivo para indicar que aquela 
era o lugar preferido DELA. 
A quinta lacuna deve ser preenchida por “his”. Agora usamos o possessivo “his” para indicar que 
John sentou na cadeira que era a preferida DELE. 
A sexta lacuna deve ser preenchida por “he”. O pronome usado tem a função de retomar o 
substantivo Joe. 
A sétima lacuna deve ser preenchida por “his”. O possessivo “his” é usado para indicar que a 
carteira é DELE. 
GABARITO: E 
 
92. (2021 – Estratégia Militares – Inédita) Choose the correct option to complete the paragraph 
below. 
 
 I remember the last time I had ___ choose between optimism and fear, between hope and 
the urge to run away. It was right after 9/11. I had babies—one so tiny she was still curled up 
like a fern, ___ other toddling around gumming everything she could get her little starfish 
hands on. And as their brand-new lungs took ___ the smoke that blew over to Brooklyn ___ 
the burning towers, I wanted to pack them up and flee to some safer place. 
(Adapted from https://time.com/5930399/the-capitol-riots-and-our-fragile-optimism/) 
 
a) To / the / in / from 
b) The / the / on / into 
c) To / the / on / from 
d) To / the / in / into 
e) The / to / on / from 
Comentários: 
A primeira lacuna deve ser preenchida com “to”, pois a frase nos infere que ele deveria 
escolher entre o medo e o otimismo. Isso pode ser confirmado com o trecho “Lembro-me da 
última vez que tive de escolher entre otimismo e medo”. 
A segunda lacuna deve ser preenchida com “the”, pois a frase se refere especificamente às 
segunda filha, ou seja, artigo definido. Isso pode ser confirmado com o trecho “a outra 
engatinhando e engolindo tudo o que podia em suas mãos de estrela do mar”. 
A terceira lacuna deve ser preenchida com “in”, pois a frase se refere aos pulmões 
inspirando a fumaça. Isso pode ser confirmado com o trecho “E enquanto seus pulmões 
novos absorviam a fumaça...”. 
A quarta lacuna deve ser preenchida com “from”, pois a frase se refere À fumaça que 
chegava ao Brooklyn das torres em chamas. Isso pode ser confirmado com o trecho 
“...chamas para o Brooklyn, eu queria embalá-los e fugir para um lugar mais seguro”. 
GABARITO: A 
 
93. (2021 – Estratégia Militares – Inédita) Choose the correct option to complete the paragraph 
below. 
 
 
 160 
AULA 04 – Pronouns and Prepositions 
 
 
 The U.S. has tragically surpassed 400,000 COVID-19 deaths, and case numbers and 
hospitalizations are likewise spiking to record levels around the world. ___ vaccines now 
rolling out, there is reason to hope that there is an end in sight. ___, by most estimates, 
widespread vaccinations will not be in place until the middle of the year at the earliest. ___, 
we have some ways to go yet with social distancing, mask wearing and other pandemic 
mitigation behaviors. 
(Adapted from https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/how-we-can-deal-with-pandemic-fatigue/) 
 
a) And / however / and 
b) With / however / so 
c) So / however / even if 
d) With / in agreement / and 
e) With / in contrast / so 
Comentários: 
A primeira lacuna deve ser preenchida com “with” (com), pois a frase se refere ao momento 
atual das vacinas circulando. Isso pode ser confirmado com o trecho “Com as vacinas sendo 
lançadas, há motivos para esperar que haja um fim à vista”. 
A segunda lacuna deve ser preenchida com “however” (contudo), pois a frase, de certa 
forma, se opõe à frase anterior. Isso pode ser confirmado com o trecho “Com as vacinas 
sendo lançadas, há motivos para esperar que haja um fim à vista. No entanto, pela maioria 
das estimativas, as vacinações generalizadas não estarão em vigor até meados do ano, no 
mínimo”. 
A terceira lacuna deve ser preenchida com “so” (então/portanto), pois a frase nos infere 
uma conclusão. Isso pode ser confirmado com o trecho “Portanto, ainda temos alguns 
caminhos a percorrer com o distanciamento social, uso de máscaras e outros 
comportamentos de mitigação de pandemia”. 
GABARITO: B 
 
94. (2021 – Estratégia Militares – Inédita) Which option is incorrect? 
 
a) A pandemic is affecting many people 
b) Tell the girls that they are not responsible 
c) A couple of my friends plans to travel this year 
d) I want to finish school 
e) Where are those pants I lent you? 
Comentários: 
A alternativa A está incorreta. A frase “uma pandemia está afetando muitas pessoas” está 
totalmente correta. 
A alternativa B está incorreta. A frase “diga às meninas que elas não são responsáveis” está 
totalmente correta. 
A alternativa C está correta. A frase “A couple of my friends plans to travel this year” deveria 
ser escrita “A couple of friends of mine are planning to trave this year” (um casal de amigos 
meus estão planejando para viajar este ano). 
 
 
 161 
AULA 04 – Pronouns and Prepositions 
 
A alternativa D está incorreta. A frase “eu quero terminar a escola” está totalmente correta. 
A alternativa E está incorreta. A frase “onde estão aquelas calças que te emprestei?” está 
totalmente correta. 
GABARITO: C 
 
95. (2021 – Estratégia Militares – Inédita) Choose the correct option to complete the sentences 
below. 
 
I. She congratulated me ___ the grade. 
II. He got married ___ a farm. 
III. My friends judged me ___ not having finished college. 
IV. Many women dream ___ becoming a mother. 
V. The smoke came ___ the fire. 
 
f) For / on / for / with / from 
g) On / on / to / with / from 
h) For / on / for / of / to 
i) On / on / for / of / from 
j) On / on / because / with / from 
Comentários: 
A sentença I deve ser preenchida com “on”, neste caso, utilizamos “on” para dizer “Ela me 
parabenizou pela nota”. 
A sentença II deve ser preenchida com “on”, neste caso, utilizamos “on” (em) para dizer 
onde o homem se casou, ou seja, “Ele se casou em uma fazenda”. 
A sentença III deve ser preenchida com “for”, neste caso,utilizamos “for” (por) para dizer 
“Meus amigos me julgaram por não ter concluído a faculdade”. 
A sentença IV deve ser preenchida com “of”, neste caso, utilizamos “of” (em) para dizer 
“Muitas mulheres sonham em ser mães”. 
A sentença V deve ser preenchida com “from”, utilizamos “from” (do) para dizer “A fumaça 
veio do incêndio”. 
GABARITO: D 
 
96. (2020 – Estratégia Militares – Inédita) Choose the correct option to complete the paragraph 
below. 
Those who are non-essential workers (and followed the rules) have been _____ home all day, 
every day, save for trips to the grocery store or for socially distant walks. And yet, the number of 
new cases of COVID-19 _____ the U.S. continues to go up each day, _____ about 2 to 4 percent. 
Adapted from https://www.msn.com/en-us/health/other/if-people-are-staying-home-why-is-coronavirus-still-spreading/ar-
BB13HSW8?ocid=bingcovid 
a) in / on / on 
b) on / in / at 
c) at / in / by 
d) at / on / in 
e) in / in / on 
Comentários: 
 
 
 162 
AULA 04 – Pronouns and Prepositions 
 
A primeira lacuna deve ser preenchida por “at”. Da mesma forma que, em português, dizemos 
que estamos EM casa, em inglês, dizemos que estamos “AT home”. “At” é a preposição 
adequada para acompanhar a palavra “home”. 
A segunda lacuna deve ser preenchida por “in”. Quando falamos que algo acontece em 
determinado país, ou que nós ou outra pessoa está em um determinado país, usamos a 
preposição “in”. In the US; in Brazil; in the UK; in Canada; in France etc. 
A terceira lacuna deve ser preenchida pela preposição “by”. Essa preposição é ideal aqui 
porque ela ajuda a expressar a variação que a palavra “about” propõe, já que não estamos 
falando de um número exato. 
Temos a sequência: at / in / by 
GABARITO: C 
 
97. (2021 – Estratégia Militares – Inédita) Choose the best alternative to complete the excerpt 
below. 
Finding _____ effective coronavirus vaccine ______ a global priority in ending the pandemic. US 
government leaders have put forward the ambitious timeline ______ have one by the end of 
2020. It typically takes several years to develop ______ vaccine. 
https://www.businessinsider.com/moderna-coronavirus-vaccine-releases-first-human-trial-results-2020-5 
a) an / has become / to / a 
b) a / has become / to / a 
c) an / became / to / the 
d) an / has become / of / the 
e) a / became / of / a 
Comentários: 
A primeira lacuna deve ser preenchida por um artigo, como sugerem as alternativas. Nesse 
caso, o artigo correto a completar a lacuna é “an”, pois “effective” inicia com uma vogal. Isso já 
elimina as alternativas B e E. 
A segunda lacuna deve ser preenchida por “has become”. O present perfect é necessário por 
se tratar de uma situação que se inicia no passado e ocorre até o presente. Assim, continuamos 
com as alternativas A e D como possíveis respostas. 
A terceira lacuna deve ser preenchida pela preposição “to”. A outra opção de preenchimento 
apresentada pela questão é a preposição “of”, mas para usarmos “of” nessa situação, o verbo 
“have” deveria estar no gerúndio (having). Dessa forma, já temos a alternativa A como resposta, 
mas vamos analisar a última lacuna para nos certificar. 
A quarta lacuna pode ser preenchida pelo artigo indefinido “a”. A frase se inicia deixando claro 
que não se está falando de nenhuma vacina específica, mas sim de vacinas de forma geral. 
Dessa forma, não se pode usar o artigo definido para falar de vacinas de forma geral. 
Temos a alternativa A como correta. 
GABARITO: A 
 
98. (2021 – Estratégia Militares – Inédita) Choose the correct option to complete the sentences 
below. 
I. They thanked us ______ helping them with the dishes. 
II. She kept me _______ getting sick. 
 
 
 163 
AULA 04 – Pronouns and Prepositions 
 
III. He married______ a beautiful girl. 
IV. She has always dreamed______ getting married. 
V. He suffers ______ a heart disease. 
 
a) for / from / - /of / from 
b) for / for / with / about / of 
c) on / from / - / of / of 
d) on / from / to / with / from 
e) by / of / to / - / from 
Comentários: 
A sentença I deve ser preenchida por “for”. Trata-se da regência do verbo agradecer (thank). 
Quem agradece, agradece “por” alguma coisa. Em Inglês, essa preposição é “for”. 
A sentença II deve ser preenchida por “from”. O verbo “keep from” significa evitar. Ela evitou 
que eu ficasse doente. 
A sentença III deve ser preenchida por “-“. O verbo “marry” não pede complemento de 
preposição alguma. Diferentemente do verbo “get married”, que pede a preposição “to”. 
A sentença IV deve ser preenchida por “of”. Trata-se da regência do verbo sonhar. Quem sonha, 
sonha com alguma coisa. Em inglês, “who dreams, dreams of something”. 
A sentença V deve ser preenchida por “from”. Trata-se da regência do verbo sofrer. Quem sofre, 
sofre de alguma coisa. Em inglês, “who suffers, suffers from something”. 
Temos a sequência: for / from / - / of / from 
GABARITO: A 
 
99. (2021 – Estratégia Militares – Inédita) Choose the correct option to complete the paragraph 
below. 
Saving the giant panda is one of the big success stories of conservation. 
Decades of efforts to create protected habitat for the iconic mammal has pulled it back from the 
brink of extinction. But, according to a new study, while many other animals ______ the same 
landscape have benefited from this conservation work, some have lost out. 
Leopards, snow leopards, wolves and Asian wild dogs have almost disappeared from the 
majority of protected areas. Driven _____ near extinction ______ logging, poaching and disease, 
their loss could lead to "major shifts, even collapse, in ecosystems", said researchers in China. 
Adapted from https://www.msn.com/en-us/health/other/if-people-are-staying-home-why-is-coronavirus-still-spreading/ar-
BB13HSW8?ocid=bingcovid 
a) in / on / by 
b) on / in / at 
c) in / to / by 
d) at / on / in 
e) in / in / on 
Comentários: 
A primeira lacuna deve ser preenchida por “in”. A preposição “in” é usada porque o texto está 
falando sobre animais que estão dentro do mesmo ambiente (in the same landscape). 
 
 
 164 
AULA 04 – Pronouns and Prepositions 
 
A segunda lacuna deve ser preenchida por “to”. A preposição “to” precisa ser usada nesse 
contexto porque o verbo no particípio “driven” pede essa preposição. É uma questão de 
regência. 
A terceira lacuna deve ser preenchida pela preposição “by”. Essa preposição é ideal aqui 
porque ela expressa a causa, equivalendo à preposição “por” em português. 
Temos a sequência: in / to / by 
GABARITO: C 
 
100. (2021 – Estratégia Militares – Inédita) Choose the best alternative to complete the excerpt 
below. 
Finding _____ effective coronavirus vaccine ______ a global priority in ending the pandemic. US 
government leaders have put forward the ambitious timeline ______ have one by the end of 
2020. It typically takes several years to develop ______ vaccine. 
https://www.bbc.com/news/science-environment-53616593 
a) an / has become / to / a 
b) a / has become / to / a 
c) an / became / to / the 
d) an / has become / of / the 
e) a / became / of / a 
Comentários: 
A primeira lacuna deve ser preenchida por um artigo, como sugerem as alternativas. Nesse 
caso, o artigo correto a completar a lacuna é “an”, pois “effective” inicia com uma vogal. Isso já 
elimina as alternativas B e E. 
A segunda lacuna deve ser preenchida por “has become”. O present perfect é necessário por 
se tratar de uma situação que se inicia no passado e ocorre até o presente. Assim, continuamos 
com as alternativas A e D como possíveis respostas. 
A terceira lacuna deve ser preenchida pela preposição “to”. A outra opção de preenchimento 
apresentada pela questão é a preposição “of”, mas para usarmos “of” nessa situação, o verbo 
“have” deveria estar no gerúndio (having). Dessa forma, já temos a alternativa A como resposta, 
mas vamos analisar a última lacuna para nos certificar. 
A quarta lacuna pode ser preenchida pelo artigo indefinido “a”. A frase seinicia deixando claro 
que não se está falando de nenhuma vacina específica, mas sim de vacinas de forma geral. 
Dessa forma, não se pode usar o artigo definido para falar de vacinas de forma geral. 
Temos a alternativa A como correta. 
GABARITO: A 
 
101. (2021 – Estratégia Militares – Inédita) Choose the correct option to complete the 
sentences below. 
I. He sat ______ the chair. 
II. The cat jumped ______ the counter. 
III. They were sitting ______ the tree. 
IV. The car went ______ the tunnel. 
V. I have liked that song ______ 1999. 
 
 
 
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AULA 04 – Pronouns and Prepositions 
 
a) on / off / by /through / since 
b) in / in / by / on / since 
c) on / of / in / in / in 
d) over / to / at / in / in 
e) in / under / in / through / on 
Comentários: 
A sentença I deve ser preenchida por “on”. Trata-se da regência do verbo sentar (sit). Quem 
senta, senta “em” algum lugar. Em Inglês, essa preposição é “on”. 
A sentença II deve ser preenchida por “off”. “Jump off” significa pular saindo de algum lugar. O 
gato pulou saindo do balcão. 
A sentença III deve ser preenchida por “by“. Eles estavam sentados perto da árvore. O uso da 
preposição “by” é ideal porque eles não estavam sentados em cima da árvore, mas sim na área 
da árvore, sob a árvore. 
A sentença IV deve ser preenchida por “through”. O uso da preposição “through” é ideal porque 
o carro atravessa o túnel, o carro passa através do túnel, por dentro dele. 
A sentença V deve ser preenchida por “since”. O uso do present perfect no início da frase indica 
que a pessoa gosta da música desde 1999. Para usar a preposição “in”, o verbo deveria estar 
conjugado no past simple. 
Temos a sequência: on / off / by / through / since 
GABARITO: A 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
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AULA 04 – Pronouns and Prepositions 
 
8.0 VERSÕES DAS AULAS 
 
 
 
Caro aluno! Para garantir que o curso esteja atualizado, sempre que alguma mudança no 
conteúdo for necessária, uma nova versão da aula será disponibilizada. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
9.0 REFERÊNCIA BIBLIOGRÁFICA 
https://www.inglesonline.com.br/palavras-cognatas-em-ingles/ 
https://www.todamateria.com.br/falsos-cognatos-no-ingles-false-friends/ 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
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AULA 04 – Pronouns and Prepositions 
 
10.0 CONSIDERAÇÕES FINAIS 
Caro(a) aluno(a), 
Parabéns pela nossa terceira aula concluída, você está um passo mais próximo da sua 
aprovação! 
Uma vez concluída esta aula, é importante que você tenha em mente que revisões são 
necessárias em intervalos regulares para garantir a melhor assimiliação. Grife as partes que 
você julgar mais relevantes de cada aula. Dessa forma, você facilitará muito seu processo de 
revisão e assimilará a matéria de forma otimizada. 
A dinâmica que você observou nesta aula será utilizada em todas as demais do nosso curso. 
Assim, você terá sempre uma explicação clara, objetiva e direto ao ponto de todos os assuntos 
abordados, além de muitos, muitos exercícios para que você possa praticar e evoluir em sua 
preparação. 
Daremos sempre muitos bizus de prova para facilitar seu caminho até a aprovação! 
 
Eu estou à disposição no nosso Fórum de Dúvidas! Lá, eu ou 
outros membros da nossa equipe responderemos suas dúvidas em 
até 24 horas! Não leve dúvidas para a sua prova! Estamos aqui para 
te dar todo o suporte necessário para que você alcance seu 
objetivo! Estamos juntos nessa caminhada, ok? 
 
Espero que você tenha gostado da aula e, acima de tudo, que esta aula tenha enriquecido seus 
conhecimentos. 
Descanse e se prepare para o nosso próximo encontro! 
 
Forte abraço, 
Leonardo Pontes 
 
 
 
 @prof_leonardo_pontes 
 
 Leonardo Pontes