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656 Appendix B This OpenStax book is available for free at http://cnx.org/content/col29124/1.5 The Nature of Work 1. S. Terkel, Working (New York: Pantheon, 1974). 2. S. Freud, Lecture XXXIII, New Introductory Lectures on Psychoanalysis (New York: Norton, 1933), p. 34. The Changing Workplace 3. Michael E. Porter and Jan V. Rivkin, The Looming Challenge to U.S. Competitiveness, Harvard Business Review, March 2012. 4. World Economic Outlook Database, International Monetary Fund. Retrieved 2018-07-15. 5. “The Future of Computing,” The Economist, March 12, 2015, https://www.economist.com/leaders/2016/03/ 12/the-future-of-computing. 6. Bureau of labor Statistics, “Labor Force Characteristics by Race and Ethnicity, 2016,” October 2017, https://www.bls.gov/opub/reports/race-and-ethnicity/2016/home.htm. 7. Elaine Pofeldt, “This Crime in the Workplace is Costing US Business $50 Billion a Year,” CNBC, September 12, 2017, https://www.cnbc.com/2017/09/12/workplace-crime-costs-us-businesses-50-billion-a-year.html; and “Shoplifting, other Fraud Cost US Retailers $44 Billion in 2014: Survey,” CNBC, June 24, 2015, https://www.cnbc.com/2015/06/24/shoplifting-other-fraud-cost-us-retailers-44-billion-in-2014-survey.html. The Nature of Management 8. R. Katz, “Skills of an Effective Administrator,” Harvard Business Review, September-October 1974, pp. 34–56. 9. J. Lindzon, “Five Skills That You’ll Need to Lead the Company of the Future,” Fast Company, May 18, 2017, https://www.fastcompany.com/40420957/five-skills-youll-need-to-lead-the-company-of-the-future; A. Bennett, “Going Global: The Chief Executives in the Year 2000 Are Likely to Have Had Much Foreign Experience,” Wall Street Journal, February 27, 1989, p. A–4. 10. Jacob Morgan, “5 Qualities of the Modern Manager,” Forbes, July 23, 2013, https://www.forbes.com/sites/ jacobmorgan/2013/07/23/5-must-have-qualities-of-the-modern-manager/#644a2b6a3a0b. A Model of Organizational Behavior and Management 11. D. Nadler and M. Tushman, “A Model for Diagnosing Organizational Behavior,” Organizational Dynamics, 1980, p. 35. 12. Ibid. Individual and Cultural Factors in Employee Performance 1. V.H. Vroom, Work and Motivation (New York: Wiley, 1964). Employee Abilities and Skills 2. R.J. Ebert and T.R. Mitchell, Organization Decision Processes: Concepts and Analysis (New York: Crane, Russak, 1975), p. 81. 3. Ibid. 4. T.R. Mitchell, “Cognitive Complexity and Leadership Style,” Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 1970, 16, pp. 166–174. 5. H. M. Schroder, M. H. Driver, and S. Streufert, Human Information Processing (New York: Holt, Rinehart and Winston, 1967). 6. E. J. McCormick and J. Tiffin, Industrial Psychology (Englewood Cliffs, N.J.: Prentice-Hall, 1976). 7. Dale Feuer & Chris Lee. 1988. The Kaizen Connection: How Companies Pick Tomorrow’s Workers. Training. May, 23–35. Personality: An Introduction 8. S.R. Maddi, Personality Theories: A Comparative Analysis (Homewood, III.: Dorsey, 1980), p. 10. References References 657 9. C. Kluckhohn and H. Murray, Personality in Society and Nature, (New York: Knopf, 1953). 10. P.H. Mussen, The Psychological Development of the Child (Englewood Cliffs, N.J.: Prentice-Hall, 1963). 11. Ibid. 12. J. C. Abegglen, “Personality Factors in Social Mobility: A Study of Occupationally Mobile Businessmen,” Genetic Psychology Monographs, August 1958, pp. 101–159. Personality and Work Behavior 13. G.W. Allport, Pattern and Growth in Personality (New York: Holt, Rinehart and Winston, 1961). 14. R. A. Ellis and M. S. Taylor, “Role of Self-Esteem within the Job Search Process,” Journal of Applied Psychology, 1983, 68, pp. 632–640. 15. P. Spector, “Behavior in Organizations as a Function of Locus of Control,” Psychological Bulletin, May 1982, pp. 482–497; P. Nystrom, “Managers’ Salaries and Their Beliefs About Reinforcement Control,” Journal of Social Psychology, August 1983, pp. 291–292. 16. L. R. Morris, Extroversion and Introversion: An Interactional Perspective (New York: Hemisphere, 1979), p.8. 17. T. W. Adorno, E. Frenkel-Brunswik, and D. J. Levinson, The Authoritarian Personality (New York: Harper & Row, 1950). 18. V. H. Vroom, Some Personality Determinants of the Effects of Participation (Englewood Cliffs, N.J.: Prentice- Hall, 1960). 19. M. Rokeach, The Open and Closed Mind (New York: Basic Books, 1960). 20. R. N. Taylor and M. D. Dunnette, “Influence of Dogmatism, Risk-Taking Propensity, and Intelligence on Decision-Making Strategies for a Sample of Industrial Managers,” Journal of Applied Psychology, 1974, 59, pp. 420–423. 21. R. Stogdill, “Personal Factors Associated with Leadership: A Survey of the Literature,” Journal of Psychology, 1948, 25, pp. 35–71; F. L. Greer, Small Group Effectiveness (Philadelphia: Institute for Research on Human Relations, 1955). Personality and Organization: A Basic Conflict? 22. C. Argyris, “Personality and Organization Theory Revisited,” Administrative Science Quarterly, 1973, 18, pp. 141–167. Personal Values and Ethics 23. M. Rokeach, The Nature of Human Values (New York: Free Press, 1973), p. 5. 24. Ibid. 25. Paul R. Sackett, Laura R. Burris, and Christine Callahan. 1989. Integrity Testing for Personnel Selection. Personnel Psychology, 42, 491–529. 26. R. M. Steers, Y. K. Shin, and G. R. Ungson, The Chaebol: Korea’s New Industrial Might (New York: Harper & Row, 1989), p. 96. 27. L. Smith, “Cracks in the Japanese Work Ethic,” Fortune, May 14, 1984, pp. 162–168; K. Van Wolferen, The Enigma of Japanese Power (New York: Knopf, 1989). Cultural Differences 28. G. Hofstede, Culture’s Consequence, (Beverly Hills, Calif.: Sage, 1980), p. 25. 29. Ibid. 30. A. Laurent, “The Cultural Diversity of Western Conceptions of Management,” International Studies of Management and Organization, XII, 1–2, Spring-Summer 1983, pp. 75–96. 31. F. Kluckhohn and F. Strodtbeck, Variations in Value Orientations (Evanston, III.: Row, Peterson, 1961). 32. T. Cox, et al., “Effects of Ethnic Group Cultural Differences on Cooperative and Competitive Behavior on a Group Task,” Academy of Management J., 34, pp. 827–847; and S. Gruman, cited in N. Adler, International Dimensions of Organizational Behavior (Boston: PWS/Kent, 1986), pp. 13–14. 658 References This OpenStax book is available for free at http://cnx.org/content/col29124/1.5 The Perceptual Process 1. M. W. Levine and J. M. Shefner, Fundamentals of Selection and Perception (Reading, Mass.: Addison-Wesley, 1981). 2. D. Kretch, R. S. Crutchfield, and E. L. Ballachey, Individual in Society (New York: McGraw-Hill, 1962). 3. F. L. Ruch, Psychology and life (Glenview: Scott, Foresman, 1983). 4. J. S. Bruner and L. Postman, “On the Perception of Incongruity: A Paradigm,” Journal of Personality, 1949, 18, pp. 206–223. 5. S. T. Fiske and S. E. Taylor, Social Cognition (Reading, Mass.: Addison-Wesley, 1984). 6. D. J. Mason, “Judgements of Leadership Based on Physiognomic Cues,” Journal of Abnormal and Social Psychology, 1957, 54, pp. 273–274. 7. P. F. Secord, “The Role of Facial Features in Interpersonal Perception,” in R. Tagiuri and L. Petrullo, eds., Person Perception and Interpersonal Behavior (Palo Alto: Stanford University Press, 1958), pp. 300–315. 8. J. W. Thibaut and H. W. Riecker, “Authoritarianism, Status, and the Communication of Aggression,” Human Relations, 1955, 8, pp. 95–120. 9. D. C. Dearborn and H. A. Simon, “Selective Perception: A Note on Departmental Identification of Executives,” Sociometry, 1958, 21, p. 142. 10. R. Likert, New Patterns of Management (New York: McGraw-Hill, 1961). 11. Levine and Shefner, op. cit. 12. Ibid. 13. K. J. Frauenfelder, “A Cognitive Determinant of Favorability of Impression,” Journal of Social Psychology, 1974, 94, pp. 71–81. Barriers to Accurate Social Perception 14. R. Jain, H. C. Triandis, and C. W. Weick, Managing Research, Development and Innovation: Managing the Unmanageable, 3rd Edition (New York: Wiley, 2010). 15. C. von Hippel, et al, “Age-based stereotype threat and work outcomes: Stress appraisals and ruminationsas mediators,” Psychology and Aging, February 2019, pp. 68-84. 16. Dearborn and Simon, op. cit. 17. J. B. Miner, Organizational Behavior 2: Essentials Theories of Process and Structure (Routledge, 2015). 18. Levine and Shefner, op. cit. 19. M. Haire and W. Grunes, “Perceptual Defenses: Processes Protecting an Organized Perception of Another’s Personality,” Human Relations, 1950, 3, pp. 403–412. 20. Ibid., p. 409. Attributions: Interpreting the Causes of Behavior 21. H. H. Kelley, “The Process of Causal Attributions,” American Psychologist, February 1973, pp. 107–128; F. Forsterling, “Attributional Retraining: A Review,” Psychological Bulletin, November 1985, pp. 495–512; B. Weiner, Human Motivation (New York: Holt, Rinehart and Winston, 1980). 22. Kelley, op. cit., p. 193. 23. Ibid. 24. Ibid. Attitudes and Behavior 25. Based on G. W. Allport, “Attitudes,” in C. Murchison, ed., Handbook of Social Psychology (Worcester: Clark University Press, 1935). 26. Jain, Triandis, and Weick op. cit. 27. B. M. Staw and J. Ross, “Stability in the Midst of Change: A Dispositional Approach to Job Attitudes,” Journal of Applied Psychology, 1985, 70, pp. 469–480. 28. G. Salancik and J. Pfeffer, “A Social Information Processing Approach to Job Attitudes and Task Design,” References 659 Administrative Science Quarterly, 1978, 23, pp. 224–253. 29. L. Festinger, A Theory of Cognitive Dissonance (Palo Alto: Stanford University Press, 1957). Work-Related Attitudes 30. T. Lodahl and M. Kejner, “The Definition and Measurement of Job Involvement,” Journal of Applied Psychology, 1965, 49, pp. 24–33. 31. R. T. Mowday, L. W. Porter, and R. M. Steers, Employee-Organization Linkages: The Psychology of Employee Commitment, Absenteeism and Turnover (New York: Academic Press, 1982). 32. E. A. Locke, “The Nature and Causes of Job Satisfaction,” in M. D. Dunnette, ed., Handbook of Industrial and Organizational Psychology (Chicago: Rand McNally, 1976). 33. L. W. Porter and R. M. Steers, “Organizational, Work, and Personal Factors in Employee Turnover and Absenteeism,” Psychological Bulletin, 1973, 80, pp. 151–176. 34. B. M. Staw, Intrinsic and Extrinsic Motivation (Morristown, N. J.: General Learning Press, 1976). Basic Models of Learning 1. Rose E. Spielman, Kathryn Dumper, William Jenkins, Arlene Lacombe, Marilyn Lovett, and Marion Perlmutter, Psychology (Houston: OpenStax, 2015). 2. J. M. Ivancevich, A. D. Szilagyi, and M. Wallace, Organizational Behavior and Performance (Glenview, Ill.: Scott, Foresman, 1977), p. 80. 3. B. F. Skinner, “Operant Behavior,” American Psychologist, 1963, 18, pp. 503–515. 4. J. B. Watson, Behavior: An Introduction to Comparative Psychology (New York: Holt, Rinehart and Winston, 1914). 5. E. L. Thorndike, Animal Intelligence (New York: Macmillan, 1911), p. 244. 6. F. Luthans, et. al., Organizational Behavior 13th Edition (Charlotte: Information Age Publishing, 2016). 7. A. Bandura, Social Learning Theory (Englewood Cliffs, N.J.: Prentice-Hall, 1977). 8. A. Filley, R. J. House, and S. Kerr, Managerial Process and Organizational Behavior (Glenview, III.: Scott, Foresman, 1975). 9. E. J. McCormick and D. Illgen, Industrial Psychology 8th edition (Englewood Cliffs, N.J.: Prentice-Hall, 1984). 10. B. M. Bass and J. Vaughn, Training in Industry: The Management of Learning (Belmont, Ca.: Wadsworth, 1966); G. Wexley and G. P. Latham, Developing and Training Human Resources in Organizations, Third Edition (Pearson: 2002); and G. P. Latham, “Human Resource Training and Development,” in M. Rosenzweig and L. W. Porter, eds., Annual Review of Psychology (Palo Alto: Annual Reviews, 1988), pp. 545–581. Reinforcement and Behavioral Change 11. B. F. Skinner, Science and Human Behavior (New York: Macmillan, 1953), p. 73. 12. W. C. Hamner, “Reinforcement Theory,” in H. L. Tosi and W. C. Hamner, eds., Organizational Behavior and Management: A Contingency Approach (Chicago: St. Clair, 1977), p. 98. 13. T. W. Costello and S. S. Zalkind, Psychology in Administration: A Research Orientation (Englewood Cliffs, N. J.: Prentice-Hall, 1963), p. 193. 14. Hamner, op. cit., p. 105. 15. David Kolb, Experiential Learning, 2nd Edition, (Pearson FT Press: New York, 2015) and Mel Silberman, Elaine Beich and Carol Auerbach, Active Training, (Wiley: New York, 2016). Behavior Modification in Organizations 16. B. F. Skinner, Beyond Freedom and Dignity (New York: Knopf, 1971). 17. F. Luthans and R. Kreitner, Organizational Behavior Modification and Beyond (Glenview, III.: Scott, Foresman, 1985), pp. 150–159. Behavioral Self-Management 18. F. Luthans and R. Davis, “Behavioral Self-Management—The Missing Link in Managerial Effectiveness,” 660 References This OpenStax book is available for free at http://cnx.org/content/col29124/1.5 References