06 12 (Lista - Inglês_Conjuncões_e_Texto)

Prévia do material em texto

Profª. Natália 
Inglês 
 
Página 1 de 6 
Lista de Inglês – Conjunções e Texto. 
 
1st PART - CONJUNCTIONS 
 
1. (Eear 2019) Read the text and answer question. 
 
Dear Mary, 
My younger sister just told us she’s been accepted to her 
first choice university. Lee is very intelligent. She will be the 
first person in our family to go to college. I got good grades 
in high school, too, but when I graduated I went into the 
family business __________ going to college. I enjoy my 
new career, I’m sure that I’ve learned a lot of new things. 
With love, Lincon 
 
 
Fill in the blank with the option that best completes the text. 
a) as soon as 
b) instead of 
c) still 
d) yet 
 
TEXTO PARA AS PRÓXIMAS 2 QUESTÕES: 
Leia o texto para responder à(s) questão(ões) a seguir. 
 
 
 
Prescriptions for fighting epidemics 
 
Epidemics have plagued humanity since the dawn 
of settled life. Yet, success in conquering them remains 
patchy. Experts predict that a global one that could kill more 
than 300 million people would come round in the next 20 to 
40 years. What pathogen would cause it is anybody’s guess. 
Chances are that it will be a virus that lurks in birds or 
mammals, or one that that has not yet hatched. The scariest 
are both highly lethal and spread easily among humans. 
Thankfully, bugs that excel at the first tend to be weak at the 
other. But mutations – ordinary business for germs – can 
change that in a blink. Moreover, when humans get too 
close to beasts, either wild or packed in farms, an animal 
disease can become a human one. 
A front-runner for global pandemics is the seasonal 
influenza virus, which mutates so much that a vaccine must 
be custom-made every year. The Spanish flu pandemic of 
1918, which killed 50 million to 100 million people, was a 
potent version of the “swine flu” that emerged in 2009. The 
H5N1 “avian flu” strain, deadly in 60% of cases, came about 
in the 1990s when a virus that sickened birds made the jump 
to a human. Ebola, HIV and Zika took a similar route. 
 
(www.economist.com, 08.02.2018. Adaptado.) 
2. (Unesp 2019) No trecho do primeiro parágrafo 
“Moreover, when humans get too close to beasts”, o termo 
sublinhado indica 
a) acréscimo. 
b) decorrência. 
c) comparação. 
d) condição. 
e) finalidade. 
 
3. (Unesp 2019) No trecho do primeiro parágrafo “Yet, 
success in conquering them remains patchy”, o termo 
sublinhado equivale, em português, a 
a) assim mesmo. 
b) portanto. 
c) além disso. 
d) ao invés disso. 
e) no entanto. 
 
 
TEXTO PARA A PRÓXIMA QUESTÃO: 
Leia o texto a seguir para responder à(s) questão(ões) a 
seguir. 
 
Global warming is intensifying El Niño weather 
 
As humans put more and more heat-trapping gases 
into the atmosphere, the Earth warms. And the warming is 
causing changes that might surprise us. Not only is the 
warming causing long-term trends in heat, sea level rise, ice 
loss, etc.; it’s also making our weather more variable. It’s 
making otherwise natural cycles of weather more powerful. 
Perhaps the most important natural fluctuation in 
the Earth’s climate is the El Niño process. El Niño refers to 
a short-term period of warm ocean surface temperatures in 
the tropical Pacific, basically stretching from South America 
towards Australia. When an El Niño happens, that region is 
warmer than usual. If the counterpart La Niña occurs, the 
region is colder than usual. Often times, neither an El Niño 
or La Niña is present and the waters are a normal 
temperature. This would be called a “neutral” state. 
The ocean waters switch back and forth between El 
Niño and La Niña every few years. Not regularly, like a 
pendulum, but there is a pattern of oscillation. And 
regardless of which part of the cycle we are in (El Niño or La 
Niña), there are consequences for weather around the 
world. For instance, during an El Niño, we typically see 
cooler and wetter weather in the southern United States 
while it is hotter and drier in South America and Australia. 
It’s really important to be able to predict El Niño/La 
Niña cycles in advance. It’s also important to be able to 
understand how these cycles will change in a warming 
planet. 
El Niño cycles have been known for a long time. 
Their influence around the world has also been known for 
almost 100 years. Having observed the effects of El Niño for 
a century, scientists had the perspective to understand 
something might be changing. 
The relationship between regional climate and the 
El Niño/La Niña status in climate model simulations of the 
past and future. It was found an intensification of El Niño/La 
Niña impacts in a warmer climate, especially for land 
 
Profª. Natália 
Inglês 
 
Página 2 de 6 
regions in North America and Australia. Changes between 
El Niño/La Niña in other areas, like South America, were 
less clear. The intensification of weather was more 
prevalent over land regions. 
And this conclusion can be extended to many other 
situations around the planet. Human pollution is making our 
Earth’s natural weather switch more strongly from one 
extreme to another. It’s a weather whiplash that will continue 
to get worse as we add pollution to the atmosphere. 
Fortunately, every other country on the planet (with 
the exception of the US leadership) understands that 
climate change is an important issue and those countries 
are taking action. It isn’t too late to change our trajectory 
toward a better future for all of us. But the time is running 
out. The Earth is giving us a little nudge by showing us, via 
today’s intense weather, what tomorrow will be like if we 
don’t take action quickly. 
 
Disponível em: 
<https://www.theguardian.com/environment/climate-consensus-
97-per-cent/2018/aug/29/global-warming-is-intensifying-el-nino-
weather>. Acesso em: 19 set. 2018. (Adaptado). 
 
 
4. (Ueg 2019) Analisando-se aspectos linguísticos da 
língua inglesa, presentes no texto, constata-se que 
a) o termo “Perhaps”, em Perhaps the most important 
natural fluctuation, pode ser substituído por “Maybe” sem 
alterar o sentido. 
b) o termo “might”, em something might be changing, pode 
ser substituído pelo vocábulo “should” sem alteração do 
sentido. 
c) o vocábulo “If” na sentença if we don’t take action quickly, 
pode ser substituído por “Besides that” sem alteração de 
sentido. 
d) o termo “can” em this conclusion can be extended, é um 
verbo modal e pode ser substituído por “must” sem 
alterar o sentido. 
e) o vocábulo “also” em It’s also important to be able to, 
pode ser substituído pelo termo “still” sem causar 
alteração de sentido. 
 
 
TEXTO PARA A PRÓXIMA QUESTÃO: 
HOW TECHNOLOGY CAN EMPOWER THE ELDERLY 
 
 The elderly have often been neglected by 
technology developers as a focus market. The stereotype is 
that they are technophobes, or at least slow to pick up new 
innovations. However, 1in reality not only are the elderly very 
capable of using a range of complex modern technologies, 
they are also very often in need of devices that can ease 
their lives and empower them in their range of abilities. Let’s 
look over a few of the best examples out there. 
 
 It seems that we are currently obsessed with 
reducing the size of new devices to make them more and 
more portable. However, according to researchers, most 
elderly people prefer to spend their time without rushing and 
stressing and going from one place to the other, as many 
young people do. Many spend a great deal of time in their 
homes, which is often referred to as “ageing in place”. 
Therefore, gadgets designed to support home living can be 
very useful, especially when they are designed 
appropriately for the elderly. Some simple examples include 
TV remote controllers, mobile phones and tablets designed 
as lightweight and featuring large illuminated buttons. TV 
audio amplifiers can also be very useful, as well as 
audiobooks downloaded as MP3s orplayed on tablets and 
similar devices directly from a browser or a playlist. 
 
 The improvements in home alarms and mobile 
phone security apps for seniors have been noticeable. 
There are sophisticated gadgets now available which can 
track activity patterns and create alerts for carers and family 
or friends when there is an unexpected interrupt in an elderly 
person’s routine. There are also a good range of wireless 
alarm systems which can be placed around the home with 
ease. 
 
 For those who wander due to conditions such as 
Alzheimer’s or dementia, GPS Shoes and Smart soles are 
a great facility. GPS Shoes update information periodically 
so caregivers can be informed about the location of the user 
with frequencies ranging up to every 10 minutes. GPS 
Smart soles allow online tracking of a user’s location 
through any smartphone, tablet or browser with the login 
details. 
 A widening range of gadgets are now becoming 
more user friendly, interesting and empowering for the 
elderly. Also, a broad range of gadgets are now custom-
made for this market group. After all, this is a segment of the 
population who should be respected and should never be 
neglected. They brought us into this world, and we will all 
arrive into this demographic in the end. 
 
psychcentral.com 
 
 
5. (Uerj simulado 2018) in reality not only are the elderly 
very capable of using a range of complex modern 
technologies, (ref. 1) 
 
The underlined expression is used in the sentence to 
introduce an idea of: 
a) doubt 
b) contrast 
c) addition 
d) restriction 
 
 
TEXTO PARA A PRÓXIMA QUESTÃO: 
Cruise ship crash causes more than $18M in damage 
to pristine Indonesian reef, expert says 
 
Published March 14, 2017. 
 
The damage caused by a British-owned cruise ship 
that accidentally run aground on a pristine Indonesian coral 
reef could cause total more than $18M million, according to 
academics and environmental groups working in the region. 
 
Profª. Natália 
Inglês 
 
Página 3 de 6 
Researches for Conservation International 
Indonesia (CII), Papua State University and the Regional 
Technical Implementing Unit (UPTD) found that the 
grounding of the 295-foot Caledonian Sky cruise ship – 
which weighs 4,200 tons and carried 102 passengers – 
caused massive damage to several endemic reefs that are 
unique to Raja Ampat, a remote and idyllic island chain west 
of Indonesian’s Papua province. 
“The types of reefs that were damaged by the ship 
are Genus Porites, Acropora, Poicilopora, Tubastrea, 
Montipora, Stylopora, Favia and Pavites. It will take decades 
for restore the reefs,” Ricardo Tapilatu, who headed the 
research, told the Jakarta Post. Tapilatu added that damage 
area stretched for more than 145,000-square-miles. 
The Caledonian Sky, owned by British company 
Noble Caledonia, was finishing a bird-watching trip on 
Waigeo Island on March 4 when it veered slightly off course 
and slammed into the reef. An investigation into the incident 
found that the cruise ship allegedly entered the area without 
consulting local guides and that ship’s crew only relied on 
GPS navigation without considering the tide. 
“The skipper forced the ship to enter the area, which 
was not open to cruise ships,” CII spokesman, Albert 
Nebore, said. 
Noble Caledonia called the accident an 
“unfortunate” incident and added that the company is “firmly 
committed to protection of the environment” and fully 
backed an investigation, but made no mention of 
compensation. 
The Caledonian Sky has since been refloated and 
an inspection revealed that “the hull was undamaged and 
remained intact,” the company said. 
The ship itself “did not take on water, nor was any 
pollution reported as a result of the grounding,” Noble 
Caledonia added. 
Indonesia’s Environment and Forestry Ministry has 
deployed its staff to identify the damage coral reefs and 
collect evidence that they will use to demand compensation 
from the British company. 
Ministry spokesman Djati Witjaksono said, “We will 
discuss with experts the amount of compensation the 
company must pay [to Indonesia].” 
Locals in Raja Ampat say that besides the damage 
to the reef, the accident has also put a major strain on the 
local economy, which relies heavily on snorkeling and 
scuba-diving tourism. 
“Coral reefs are the main attraction for many tourists 
in the area. It is counterproductive for our tourism 
prospects,” Laura Resti, from Raja Ampat’s homestay 
association, told to BBC. “We have tried to conserve those 
coral reefs for a long time, and just within few hours they 
were gone”. Resti added: “I am so sad and feel ashamed to 
take tourists there.” 
 
Adapted from: www.foxnews.com 
 
 
 
 
 
6. (Efomm 2018) In paragraph 11: 
 
“Locals in Raja Ampat say the besides the damage to the 
reef, the accident has also put a major strain on the local 
economy (…).”, 
 
the word in bold is closest in meaning to 
a) as soon as 
b) instead of 
c) in spite of 
d) as long as 
e) as well as 
 
 
2nd PART - TEXT COMPREHENSION 
 
7. (Unicamp 2019) Touching thermal-paper receipts 
could extend BPA retention in the body 
 
 
 
When people handle receipts printed on thermal paper 
containing the endocrine disruptor bisphenol A (BPA), the 
toxic chemical could linger in the body for a week or more. 
Jonathan W. Martin of Stockholm University and Jiaying Liu 
of the University of Alberta asked six male volunteers to 
handle paper containing isotopically labeled BPA for five 
minutes. The volunteers then put on nitrile gloves, wore 
them for two hours, removed them, and washed their hands 
with soap. Afterward, the researchers measured the labeled 
BPA and its metabolites in the volunteers’ urine regularly for 
two days and then once again a week later. The study only 
traced the isotopically labeled (deuterated) BPA and its 
metabolites, so any additional BPA exposure from other 
sources was not monitored. 
 
(Deirdre Lockwood, Touching thermal-paper receipts could 
extend BPA retentionin the body. Chemical & Engineering 
News, 04/09/2017.) 
 
 
O texto discorre sobre uma pesquisa cujo objetivo foi 
a) determinar como o manuseio de papel térmico pode 
contaminar uma pessoa com bisfenol A, considerando 
que a concentração foi monitorada utilizando-se um BPA 
em que átomos de 
1H foram substituídos por 
2H. 
b) analisar de que forma o uso de luvas nitrílicas lavadas 
com sabão e contendo BPA deuterado pode contaminar 
receitas impressas em papel térmico que contém um 
disruptor endócrino. 
c) monitorar, durante uma semana ou mais, a cinética de 
eliminação de um disruptor endócrino, bisfenol A (BPA), 
 
Profª. Natália 
Inglês 
 
Página 4 de 6 
do corpo humano que foi contaminado pelo uso de luvas 
nitrílicas. 
d) verificar como um papel térmico deteriorado por átomos 
de 
2H poderia contaminar as mãos de uma pessoa, 
mesmo que ela estivesse usando luvas nitrílicas durante 
duas horas e depois as removesse. 
 
8. (Unicamp 2019) Genetic Fortune-Telling 
 
 
 
One day, babies will get DNA report cards at birth. These 
reports will offer predictions about their chances of suffering 
a heart attack or cancer, of getting hooked on tobacco, and 
of being smarter than average. 
Though the new DNA tests offer probabilities, not 
diagnoses, they could greatly benefit medicine. For 
example, if women at high risk for breast cancer got more 
mammograms and those at low risk got fewer, those exams 
might catch more real cancers and set off fewer false 
alarms. The trouble is, the predictions are far from perfect. 
What if someone with a low risk score for cancer puts off 
being screened, and then develops cancer anyway? 
Polygenic scores are also controversial because they can 
predict any trait, not only diseases. For instance, they can 
now forecast about 10 percent of a person’s performance 
on IQ tests. But how will parents and educators use that 
information?(Adaptado de Derek Brahney, Genetic Fortune-Telling. MIT 
Technology Review, Março/Abril 2018) 
 
 
De acordo com o texto, um dos riscos do prognóstico 
genético dos indivíduos desde o nascimento seria o de 
a) empresas usarem as informações para não contratar 
pessoas que teriam predisposição a certas doenças ou 
vícios. 
b) algumas mulheres descuidarem da prevenção de 
problemas de saúde para os quais pareciam não estar 
predispostas. 
c) governos usarem as informações genéticas para negar a 
certos cidadãos o acesso a serviços de saúde pública. 
d) pais e educadores passarem a desconsiderar dados 
sobre o coeficiente de inteligência de seus filhos ou 
alunos. 
 
9. (Unicamp 2017) Survey of geopolitics 
 
Geopolitics is a product of its time, and its definitions have 
evolved accordingly. Rudolphh Kjellén, who coined the term 
in 1899, described geopolitics as “the theory of the state as 
a geographical organism or phenomenon in space.” For Karl 
Haushofer, the father of German geopolotik, “Geopolitics is 
the new national science of the state,(…) a doctrine on the 
spatial determinism of all political processes, based on the 
broad foundations of geography, especially of political 
geography”. On the eve of World War II, Derwent 
Whittlesey, the American political geographer, considered 
geopolitics “a dogma*... the faith that the state is inherently 
entitled to its place in the sun”. Richard Hartshorne defined 
it as “geography utilized for particular purposes that lie 
beyond the pursuit of scientific knowledge”. 
 
Adaptado de Saul Bernard Cohen, Geopolitics of the world 
system. 
Boston: Rowman & Littlefield Publishers, 2003. p. 11. 
 
 
*Dogma: a belief or set of beliefs held by a group or 
organization, which others are expected to accept without 
argument. 
 
Conforme o texto, 
a) Kjellén e Haushofer possuem visão semelhante quanto à 
geopolítica, pois concordam que ela faz referência ao 
Estado. 
b) Whittlesey concorda com seus antecessores ao afirmar 
que a geopolítica havia se transformado em um dogma. 
c) Hartshorne concorda com Kjellén ao afirmar que a 
geopolítica mantém-se dentro dos parâmetros estritos de 
uma ciência. 
d) apesar dos posicionamentos distintos, os autores 
mencionados estão de acordo quanto aos fundamentos 
da geopolítica. 
 
 
TEXTO PARA A PRÓXIMA QUESTÃO: 
The following text refers to question(s) 
 
LAUGHING ALL THE WAY 
 
Understanding jokes is part of the process of native 
language acquisition, and jokes are part of the charm that 
belongs to any language. Learning to understand jokes in a 
new language is both a cause, and a consequence, of 
language proficiency (Cook 2000). 
The most obvious benefit of understanding jokes is 
that it can help students feel more comfortable in their new 
language. A shared moment of humor lowers the affective 
filter, that invisible barrier that makes learners feel awkward 
and uncomfortable. A low affective filter is one of the 
cornerstones of successfully learning a new language 
(Krashen 1982). If a class can laugh together, they are likely 
to learn better together, too. Jokes based on wordplay have 
additional benefits because they build metalinguistic 
awareness, or conscious awareness of the forms of 
language, and this, ___( I )___, helps in learning more 
language (Ely and McCabe 1994; Zipke 2008; Lems 2011). 
In particular, metalinguistic awareness boots reading 
comprehension and encourages higher-order thinking. 
___( II )___ native speakers need to access a great 
deal of linguistic information and background knowledge to 
“get” a joke (Aarons 2012). At the same time, jokes that are 
 
Profª. Natália 
Inglês 
 
Página 5 de 6 
based on wordplay in another language can be really hard 
to understand because they need to be processed very 
quickly. In a social setting where everyone is standing 
around chatting, understanding a joke that comes up may 
seem like a high-stakes test. Not understanding a joke in 
this situation can make someone feel like an outsider and 
create a sense of isolation. ___( III )___, an important part 
of learning a new language is learning to enjoy its jokes. 
 
Puns: A special form of joke 
 
Puns are a special form of humor based on double 
meanings. Puns are sometimes nicknamed “the lowest form 
of humor” and often greeted with groans, but in fact, the 
language knowledge needed to understand a pun is very 
sophisticated (Pollack 2011).___( IV )__ they require 
processing the sound and meaning of words twice, puns 
demand considerable language agility. __( V )__ humor 
based on sight gags, funny facial expressions, or amusing 
visual arrangements, the humor of pun is based on 
language play. 
 
ENGLISH TEACHING FORUM – VOLUME 51 NUMBER 1 
2013 
 
 
10. (Mackenzie 2014) The text states that 
a) native speakers take longer to “get” jokes than ordinary 
people. 
b) learners feel uncomfortable when their affective filter is 
affected by metalinguistic awareness. 
c) laughing in class is very healthy once students can 
understand a joke’s inner sophisticated meaning. 
d) one way puns differ from jokes regards the skills involved 
to understand them. 
e) in a meeting surrounded by other people, it is really 
advisable to tell jokes in order to lower the affective filter 
and entertain the participants. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Gabarito: 
 
 1: [B] A alternativa [B] está correta, pois a conjunção 
instead of significa ao invés de. Tradução do trecho: "... 
mas quando eu me graduei fui para os negócios da família 
ao invés de fazer faculdade”. 
 
 
2: [A] A conjunção em destaque pode ser entendida como 
"além disso', "ademais", conferindo assim uma ideia de 
adição, acréscimo. 
 
 
3: [E] A conjunção em destaque pode ser entendida como 
entretanto, no entanto. 
 
 
4: [A] Está correta, pois os advérbios perhaps e maybe são 
sinônimos e significam talvez. 
 
 
5: [C] A expressão em destaque pode ser entendida como 
"não só" e possui a ideia de adição. Tradução do trecho: 
"na realidade não só os idosos são capazes de usar uma 
variedade de tecnologias modernas complexas,". 
 
 
6: [E] A conjunção besides (além de) é sinônima de as well 
as (assim como), pois ambas transmitem a ideia de adição. 
 
 
7: [A] A alternativa [A] está correta, pois o texto coloca: 
"Quando as pessoas manuseiam recibos impressos em 
papel térmico contendo o disruptor endócrino bisfenol A 
(BPA), essa substância química poderia ficar presente no 
corpo por uma semana ou mais. Jonathan W. Martin da 
Universidade de Estocolmo e Jiaying Liu da Universidade 
de Alberta pediram a seis voluntários do sexo masculino 
para manusearem por cinco minutos papel contendo BPA 
isotopicamente marcado. 
 
 
Resposta da questão 8: [B] A alternativa [B] está correta, 
pois o texto coloca: "What if someone with a low risk score 
for cancer puts off being screened, and then develops 
cancer anyway?" (E se alguém com baixa pontuação de 
risco para câncer adiar os seus exames e desenvolver 
câncer depois?). 
 
 
Resposta da questão 9: [A] A alternativa [A] está correta, 
pois o texto coloca: "Rudolphh Kjellén, who coined the term 
in 1899, described geopolitics as “the theory of the state as 
a geographical organism or phenomenon in space.” For Karl 
Haushofer, the father of German geopolotik, “Geopolitics is 
the new national science of the state..." (Rudolphh Kjellén, 
que cunhou o termo em 1899, descreveu a geopolítica 
como "a teoria do estado como um organismo geográfico 
ou fenômeno no espaço." Para Karl Haushofer, o pai da 
geopolotik alemã, "Geopolítica é a nova ciência social do 
estado...). 
 
Profª. Natália 
Inglês 
 
Página 6 de 6 
Resposta da questão 10: [D] A alternativa [D] está correta, 
pois afirma que "um aspecto que os jogos de palavras 
diferem das piadas relaciona-se às habilidades envolvidas 
em entendê-las". O texto coloca: "Puns: A special form of 
joke" (Jogosde palavras: uma forma especial de piada) e 
"the language knowledge needed to understand a pun is 
very sophisticated" (o conhecimento linguístico necessário 
para entender um jogo de palavras é muito sofisticado).