AV Lit Inglesa I

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A OBRA LÍRICA DE SHAKESPEARE
	 
	 
	 1.
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	A commercial playwright had to keep up with what was trending, as we would say today, if he hoped to be successful. A poet did not, at least not to the same degree. Indeed, in Shakespeare's day, plays were generally assumed to then be ephemera. (...) Poetry's nobler pedigree included, rather, the aspiration to permanence, both in sentiment and practice, in manuscript form and through the printed medium of the book. (...) Shakespeare wrote poems to connect with the elite and the financial rewards that might come from patronage. He wrote drama to survive.
Source: POST, Jonathan F. Shakespeare's Sonnets and Poems: a very short introduction. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2017.
I. In Elizabethan England, the printed book of poems had a nobler status than regular plays.
BECAUSE
II. Plays had to keep up the pace of the times' fashions and were, then, always being reinvented.
About these affirmatives, mark the correct option.
		
	
	Affirmatives I and II are false.
	
	Affirmatives I and II are true, II is a correct justification of I.
	
	Affirmative I is false, and II is true.
	
	Affirmative I is true, and II is false.
	 
	Affirmatives I and II are true, but II is not a correct justification of I.
	
	
	 2.
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	Read Shakespeare's Sonnet 122.
Thy gift, thy tables, are within my brain
Full charactered with lasting memory,
Which shall above that idle rank remain,
Beyond all date, even to eternity:
Or, at the least, so long as brain and heart
Have faculty by nature to subsist;
Till each to razed oblivion yield his part
Of thee, thy record never can be missed.
That poor retention could not so much hold,
Nor need I tallies thy dear love to score;
Therefore to give them from me was I bold,
To trust those tables that receive thee more:
To keep an adjunct to remember thee
Were to import forgetfulness in me.
After reading the sonnet above and the affirmatives below, mark the only option indicating the correct set of affirmative(s).
I. The sonnet discusses how any memory of the beloved will fade away with time.
II. Remembering with the mind and heart is one of the main topics of this sonnet.
III. This sonnet contains two open quatrains and three variously rhymed couplets.
		
	
	I, only.
	
	I, II and III.
	
	I and III, only.
	 
	II a III, only.
	
	II, only.
	
	
	 
		
	EM2120274 - O TEATRO ELIZABETANO - WILLIAM SHAKESPEARE
	 
	 
	 3.
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	Analyze the following dialogue, retrieved from the play Romeo and Juliet, and choose the most appropriate alternative.
''Lady Capulet: Tell me, daughter Juliet,
How stands your disposition to be married?
Juliet: It is an honor that I dream not of.
Nurse: An honor! Were not I thine only nurse,
I would say thou hadst sucked wisdom from thy teat.'' (1.3.66- 71)
		
	
	The exclamation on the Nurse's initial utterance conveys a tone of reproach towards Juliet's line.
	 
	In such scene, the Nurse uses humour to position herself as an unwise or fool character, in opposition to Juliet (her wistful interlocutor).
	
	The Nurse recurs to humour in order to characterize Lady Capulet as unwise.
	
	Both Lady Capulet and the Nurse convey a humorous and cheerful tone in the scene.
	
	Both Juliet and the Nurse recur to humour and irony to express their negative views on marriage.
	
	
	 4.
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	Choose the correct alternative concerning the ''aside'' lines and soliloquies of some characters.
		
	
	A recurrent tool in contemporary movie productions, especially those which stem from superheroes comics, villain's soliloquies were neither common in medieval nor in Elizabethan times.
	
	Only humorous characters (usually jesters) were allowed to utter these lines to address the audience.
	
	Asides were recurrent on both comedies and tragedies, as long as their content was thoroughly limited to the characteristics of each genre.
	
	Functioning as sort of ''spoilers'' of the time, these lines addressed the public and fictional characters at the same time, so as to avoid jeopardizing the flow of the scenes.
	 
	They helped build rapport with the audiences, insofar as they consisted of direct vocatives and lines that addressed the public.
	
	
	 
		
	EM2120275 - O TEATRO ELIZABETANO - CHRISTOPHER MARLOWE
	 
	 
	 5.
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	Along with the players, both the Admiral's and Chamberlain's Men [founded in 1594] were also supplied with a good stock of plays from the two major playwrights of the period. William Shakespeare became a member of the Lord Chamberlain's Men, which acquired his seven or more existing plays for its repertory, while at least five and probably all six of the late Christopher Marlowe's known plays were allocated to the Admiral's Men. Edward Alleyn had already become famous as the player of Tamburlaine, Dr Faustus, and Barabbas, the 'Jew of Malta'. Those plays along with Thomas Kyd's Spanish Tragedy formed the staple repertory that the Admiral's Men staged for over thirty years, first at the Rose and then at its successor, the Fortune Theatre in Cripplegate from 1600. Built by Peter Street, who had only recently erected the Globe for the Lord Chamberlain's Men, the Fortune, too, was outside the city's jurisdiction.
Source: GURR, Andrew.  https://www.oxforddnb.com/view/10.1093/ref:odnb/9780198614128.001.0001/odnb-9780198614128-e-95598 
Considering the text above, and the fact that Christopher Marlowe died in 1593, only six years into his theatrical career in London, mark the alternative which correctly describes his contribution to The Admiral's Men.
		
	
	Marlowe was an associate to The Admiral's Men during his lifetime and contributed with one big hit for the company at the time.
	
	Marlowe came out of the university to the theatrical profession because of an invitation posed by Edward Alleyn.
	
	Marlowe's drinking and fighting habits made him an unwelcome presence among The Admiral's Men as well as other theatrical companies of the period.
	
	Marlowe's plays were only used by The Admiral's Men during his lifetime, afterwards they looked for other playwrights.
	 
	Marlowe's early death never allowed for him to be an associate of The Admiral's Men, but the company's biggest successes came from his plays.
	
	
	 6.
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	The triumphant march of English drama began with the first manifestations of the Elizabethan Tragedy. Between 1559 and 1566 five of Seneca¿s tragedies were published and the body of work attributed to him was published in 1581 in the historical volume of the Ten Tragedies. Furthermore, way before that time, Seneca was already familiar to the Elizabethans who knew Latin. His deeply rhetorical and full of blood, lightnings and thunder style, his seriousness and melodramatic plots offered the first models for dramatic writing in which passions unfolded, despite theater still being mostly commanded by medieval influences (...). (GASSNER, 2010, p. 227-228)
Source: (adapted from) GASSNER, John. ''Christopher Marlowe''. In: GASSNER, John. Mestres do Teatro I. São Paulo: Editora Perspectiva, 2010.
After reading the contextualization above and the affirmatives below, mark the only option indicating the correct set of affirmative(s).
I. Seneca was only read in the original Latin throughout England.
II. Seneca was one of the most prominent Roman influences for the playwrights of that time.
III. Seneca¿s publishing record reveals that it was not as popular as scholars once believed.
		
	
	I, only.
	 
	II, only.
	
	II a III, only.
	
	I and III, only.
	
	I, II and III.
	
	
	 7.
	Ref.: 5499845
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	Read the following excerpt from Christopher Marlowe's narrative poem, Hero and Leander:
It lies not in our power to love or hate,
For will in us is over-rul'd by fate.
When two are stript, long ere the coursebegin,
We wish that one should lose, the other win;
And one especially do we affect
Of two gold ingots, like in each respect:
The reason no man knows, let it suffice,
What we behold is censur'd by our eyes.
Where both deliberate, the love is slight:
Who ever lov'd, that lov'd not at first sight?
(Hero and Leander, v.167-176)
Source: https://www.poetryfoundation.org/poems/44674/hero-and-leander
This excerpt can be considered as an example of a rather common trope in Marlowe's work. Mark the alternative which correctly describes this trope.
		
	
	The power of human sight as it captures the outside world.
	
	Human's capacity to transcend the material world when it comes to love.
	
	God's relevance to the phenomena of love between humans.
	 
	Human's incapacity to redesign fate and change its course of action.
	
	Human's capacity to fall in love by merely beholding the beloved.
	
	
	 
		
	EM2120276 - THE GOLDEN AGE - O PERÍODO ELIZABETANO
	 
	 
	 8.
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	What made the Golden Age so special?  
I. Increase in culture and education 
II. Political stability and economic growth  
III. Religious internal wars  
		
	
	Only III is true 
	
	II and III are true 
	
	Only I is true. 
	 
	I and II are true 
	
	I and III are true 
	
	
	 9.
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	Over the years, Elizabeth I learned to use her single state as a political tool. Choose the alternative that best explains why that was possible: 
		
	
	A woman could only raise to the throne at that time if unmarried.  
	
	This way she could be perceived as the Virgin Queen, by being associated with biblical models.  
	
	She claimed to have married her nation.  
	 
	The possibility of marrying the queen of England became a bait either to draw in enemies, or to frighten them by suggesting Elizabeth would marry one of their enemies. 
	
	This raised questions of succession. 
	
	
	 10.
	Ref.: 5499848
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	Why was the restauration of the monasteries intended by Mary I very difficult to accomplish?  
		
	
	because Rome did not want to receive England back in the Catholic faith  
	 
	because it would involve getting back the lands already given to other people under Henry VIII and Edward VI
	
	because Spain wanted to keep England a protestant country
	
	because the majority of people of England were Puritans 
	
	none of the above