Literatura Inglesa

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1.
		Queen Elizabeth's image was associated with classical and biblical models. Choose the alternative that best characterized how she intended to be perceived:  
	
	
	
	Above all, she self-fashioned herself as Venus, due to her unique beauty. 
	
	
	Above all, she self-fashioned herself as the Virgin Queen, married to her nation, mother to her people. 
	
	
	Above all, she self-fashioned herself as Gloriana, due to all the glory cast on her and on her people.  
	
	
	Above all, she self-fashioned herself as Deborah, due to her adherence to Catholicism.
	
	
	Above all, she self-fashioned herself as the Lonely Queen, married to her nation, mother to her people.
	Data Resp.: 16/09/2021 16:23:48
		Explicação:
A resposta certa é: Above all, she self-fashioned herself as the Virgin Queen, married to her nation, mother to her people. 
	
	
	 
		
	
		2.
		What made the Golden Age so special?  
I. Increase in culture and education 
II. Political stability and economic growth  
III. Religious internal wars  
	
	
	
	I and III are true 
	
	
	Only I is true. 
	
	
	Only III is true 
	
	
	I and II are true 
	
	
	II and III are true 
	Data Resp.: 16/09/2021 16:29:10
		Explicação:
A resposta certa é: I and II are true 
	
	
	 
		
	
		3.
		What is correct to claim about the English Reformation? 
I. it refused the existence of purgatory  
II. it debated questions of theology concerning free will and grace 
III. it questioned the sacraments  
	
	
	
	Only II and III are true 
	
	
	Only I and II are true 
	
	
	I, II and III are true 
	
	
	Only I and III are true 
	
	
	None of the above  
	Data Resp.: 16/09/2021 17:11:51
		Explicação:
A resposta certa é: I, II and III are true 
	
	
	 
		
	
		4.
		After leaving university, instead of taking orders and dedicating to a career in the Anglican church, Marlowe went to London and, there, giving ways to his restless temperament and to his brilliant mind, he lived a life of wantonness and fights both on the streets and in the taverns where he found those with a similar temperament (...). Marlowe's last encounter with the law was profoundly serious, when he faced the accusation of atheism and unpiety, grave faults at the time. (HELIODORA, 2015, p. 171)
Source: (adapted from) HELIODORA, Bárbara. ''Dramaturgia Elizabetana: Uma Introdução''. In: Dramaturgia Elizabetana. São Paulo: Perspectiva, 2015.
After reading the contextualization above and the affirmatives below, mark the only option indicating the correct set of affirmative(s).
I. Marlowe had small problems with the law at his time and lived an untroubled life in London.
II. Marlowe's settling in London was part of moving away from taking orders as an Anglican cleric.
III. Marlowe's short career as a playwright was, probably, the result of the agitated life he had among drinks, fights and plays.
	
	
	
	I and III, only.
	
	
	I, II and III.
	
	
	II, only.
	
	
	I, only.
	
	
	II a III, only.
	Data Resp.: 16/09/2021 17:11:55
		Explicação:
A resposta certa é: I and III, only.
	
	
	 
		
	
		5.
		Still more vivid were the English imitations of Plautus, which started already at 1533 with Ralph Roister Doister, by Nicholas Udall. Although being the school principal both at Eton and Westminster, he found in Plautus a model that favored jovial humor rather than grumpy didacticism. Udall's scope might have been a pedagogical one, attempting to offer an exercise to his students. However, he conceived his play as the English equivalent of a Roman comedy, from which he borrowed its common characters of the fool, the wanton and the parasite rascal. (GASSNER, 2010, p.224)
Source: (adapted from) GASSNER, John. ''Christopher Marlowe''. In: GASSNER, John. Mestres do Teatro I. São Paulo: Editora Perspectiva, 2010.
Critic John Gassner points out that Nicholas Udall might have been ''attempting to offer an exercise to his students''. This possibility comes into play because...
	
	
	
	... Plautus and Seneca were absolutely new playwrights for the English tradition.
	
	
	... Plautus never stopped being a popular author, and Udall probably wanted his play to educate everyone in London.
	
	
	... Seneca was already being used by other authors such as Marlowe, so Udall wanted to try something different.
	
	
	... Roman influences were not part of the education at Eton, so Udall provided an English example.
	
	
	...Roman influences were part of grammar schools and university life in England¿s early modern period.
	Data Resp.: 16/09/2021 16:43:07
		Explicação:
A resposta certa é: ...Roman influences were part of grammar schools and university life in England¿s early modern period.
	
	
	 
		
	
		6.
		[Regarding the cycles], each guild was responsible for representing just one episode, staged on top of a wheel cart and, on the day of [Corpus Christi], following the sequence of the Bible, these carts enacted the whole collection of mysteries, from Genesis to Judgement Day (...). It is obvious that on top of these carts it was not possible to stage big scenarios, so that this scenic tradition has two important consequences for the Elizabethan Theater: the absence of scenarios, with a common scenic space for every action in play, and the challenge to create visual images through their words to compensate for this absence of scenarios. (HELIODORA, 2015, p.16-17)
Source: (adapted from) HELIODORA, Bárbara. ''Dramaturgia Elizabetana: Uma Introdução''. In: Dramaturgia Elizabetana. São Paulo: Perspectiva, 2015.
I. Elizabethan theater was known for its lack of props and scenarios on the stage.
BECAUSE
II. They had a lot of problems with rats at Southbank, which usually destroyed all the props and clothing of the plays.
Regarding these affirmatives, mark the correct option.
	
	
	
	Affirmatives I and II are false.
	
	
	Affirmative I is true, and II is false.
	
	
	Affirmatives I and II are true, but II is not a correct justification of I.
	
	
	Affirmatives I and II are true, II is a correct justification of I.
	
	
	Affirmative I is false, and II is true.
	Data Resp.: 16/09/2021 16:50:12
		Explicação:
A resposta certa é: Affirmative I is true, and II is false.
	
	
	 
		
	
		7.
		As you have studied, the figures of ''constables'' were present in Shakespearean comedies such as Love's Labour's Lost, Much Ado About Nothing and Measure for Measure. Read the statements and label them as either True (T) or False (F).
(1) The comedy lines revolving around their battles of wit confirms the constables' depiction as wise characters.
(2) The humorous tone of these characters intended to mock repressive military authorities who usually belonged to prestigious and wealthy classes of Elizabethan England.
(3) Constables' financial rewards in real life were not commensurate with their manifold duties.
	
	
	
	(1) T/ (2) F/ (3) F
	
	
	(1) T/ (2) F/ (3) T
	
	
	(1) T/ (2) T/ (3) T
	
	
	(1) F (2) F/ (3) T
	
	
	(1) F/ (2 )T/ (3) T
	Data Resp.: 16/09/2021 16:56:43
		Explicação:
A resposta certa é: (1) T/ (2) F/ (3) T
	
	
	 
		
	
		8.
		Reread part of Othello's speech in court to try to convince the Senate that his love for Desdemona is reciprious. Then, choose the most appropriate option. ''It was my hint to speak-such was my process-/ And of the cannibals that each other eat,/ The Anthropophagi, and men whose heads/ Do grow beneath their shoulders. These things to hear/ Would Desdemona seriously incline.'' (1.3.166-170)
	
	
	
	In such lines, Othello admits that Desmona feared him after becoming acquainted with his past.
	
	
	Othello claims that he has always avoided reporting his painful past, but felt comfortable to do so in Desdemona's presence.
	
	
	The moore's main argument revolves around the report of Desdemona's admiration for his bravery during his trips, even though she does not agree with his description of natives of foreignlands.
	
	
	By the time Othello addressed the Senate, Desdemona's father was not aware of the moor's life events.
	
	
	The highlighted extract reports part of a series of terrible events in the moore's life, which included slavory and trips to remote territories, but which prove one of his characteristics that attracted Desdemona: his bravery.
	Data Resp.: 16/09/2021 17:02:41
		Explicação:
A resposta certa é: The highlighted extract reports part of a series of terrible events in the moore's life, which included slavory and trips to remote territories, but which prove one of his characteristics that attracted Desdemona: his bravery.
	
	
	 
		
	
		9.
		There is also the further, related matter of the strange, painful love plot that shadows the whole [of the sonnet sequence]. First mentioned in Sonnets 40-43, a triangle emerges linking the poet, the young man (or men), and the 'dark lady¿ in an unseemly and, to the speaker, an especially humiliating relationship. The material seems more appropriate for the stage - think Othello, for example - than for a book of Elizabethan sonnets written in the footsteps of Petrarch. For all their reputed sugariness, life and love in Shakespeare's Sonnets keep welling up from below, bringing the sour along with the sweet (...).
Source: POST, Jonathan F. Shakespeare's Sonnets and Poems: a very short introduction. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2017.
I. Shakespeare's plays were a direct influence on the sonnet sequence's plotline.
BECAUSE
II. The sonnets' suggested plotline involves falling in love with the fair youth, his betrayal, and an eventual lust for the, so called, 'dark lady'.
About these affirmatives, mark the correct option.
	
	
	
	Affirmatives I and II are true, II is a correct justification of I.
	
	
	Affirmatives I and II are true, but II is not a correct justification of I.
	
	
	Affirmative I is false, and II is true.
	
	
	Affirmatives I and II are false. 
	
	
	Affirmative I is true, and II is false.
	Data Resp.: 16/09/2021 17:05:50
		Explicação:
A resposta certa é: Affirmative I is false, and II is true.
	
	
	 
		
	
		10.
		Sodomy was a capital crime, and fulminations against the act were a staple of polemical literature of all kinds. Antitheatrical tracts assumed that boys who played the women's roles on stage played them in life as well; anti-Catholic invective declared ecclesiastical celibacy to be a cover for institutionalized buggery; judicial indictments for political or religious crimes often included additional charges of sodomy - indeed, sodomy tended to serve as a gloss on whatever the culture considered worst or most threatening: those accused of atheism or sedition were almost invariably declared also to be sodomites. The corollary, however, is that the charge is almost never found in isolation; and, in fact, the legal definition of sodomy was exceedingly narrow.
Source: ORGEL, Stephen. ''Introduction''. In: SHAKESPEARE, William. The Sonnets. EVANS, G. Blakemore (ed.). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2006.
Mark the alternative which correctly points out why Shakespeare's overtly homoerotical sonnets could be part of this cultural scene.
	
	
	
	Sodomy was not equivalent to homoeroticism; actually, in Elizabethan England friendship and love between men was a common part of the patronage system.
	
	
	Because Shakespeare was not directly involved with the publication of the 1609 edition, it is possible that he did not want these sonnets to come out in the public.
	
	
	Since sodomy was a capital crime in England during the Elizabethan age, the sonnets participation on this cultural scene can be understood as a moral practice.
	
	
	The court¿s homosexual practices in Elizabeth England surpassed the law against sodomy.
	
	
	Sodomy in poetry was a common trope since it goes back to Greek democracy in which men¿s love for men was part of society.
	Data Resp.: 16/09/2021 17:10:52
		Explicação:
A resposta certa é: Sodomy was not equivalent to homoeroticism; actually, in Elizabethan England friendship and love between men was a common part of the patronage system.