9 - There is, there are and quantifiers

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There is / There are
There is e there are têm o mesmo significado: há, existe.
· Usa-se there is quando queremos nos referir a uma coisa (singular).
· Usa-se there are quando queremos nos referir a mais de uma coisa (plural).
Exemplos:
	
	There is a banana in the basket.
	
	There are two bananas in the basket.
· There is a girl in the room. (Question: Is there a girl in the room?)
· There is not / There isn’t a book on the table. (Question: Isn’t there a book on the table?)
· There are 30 people in the room. (Questions: Are there 30 people in the room?)
· There are not / There aren’t several books in the box. (Question: Aren’t there several books in the box?)
Em algumas ocasiões, como no último exemplo, não existirá na frase uma quantidade definida de objetos ou seres, mas sim um advérbio quantificador.
Para sabermos se devemos utilizar there is (singular) ou there are (plural), precisamos entender como funcionam esses quantificadores. 
No inglês temos quantificadores de substantivos contáveis (countable nouns) e de substantivos incontáveis (uncountable nouns).
	Countable nouns
	Uncountable nouns
	São os substantivos que podemos quantificar com números
	São os substantivos que não podemos quantificar com números
	Banana
	Water
	Dog
	Rice
	Chair
	Fun
	Computer
	Milk
	People
	Advice
	Book
	Help
	House
	Information
Exercises
Define each noun as countable or uncountable:
	
	Countable
	Uncountable
	Sandwich
	X
	
	Coffee
	
	X
	English
	 
	 X
	Iron
	
	 X
	Day
	 X
	
	Egg
	 X
	
	Food
	
	 X
	Thing
	 X
	 
	Money
	 
	 X
	Time
	
	 X
	Work
	
	 X
Existem advérbios quantificadores diferentes para cada tipo de substantivo:
How many vs. How much
Perguntas que iniciam com “How many” e “How much” têm como objetivo descobrir a quantidade de algo.
Sendo many um quantificador para countable nouns, How many é a pergunta feita para quando se quer saber a quantidade de substantivos contáveis.
Sendo much um quantificador para uncountable nouns, How much é a pergunta feita para quando se quer saber a quantidade de substantivos incontáveis.
Exemplos:
· How many boys are there in your classroom?
· How many dogs do you have? 
· How many kids can you see in this picture?
· How much water shall we drink a day?
· How much money do we have?
· How much sugar do we have left?
Exercises
Complete with the right quantifier:
1) There are A few biscuits in the packet.
a) A few
b) A little
c) Much
2) We have _A little_ time before the plane leaves.
a) A few
b) A little
c) A lot
3) How _Much_ milk do you want in your coffee?
a) Many
b) Much
c) Little
4) _Very few__ people were at the gym yesterday.
a) Much
b) Very little
c) Very few
5) May I give you _some_ help?
a) Many
b) Several
c) Some
There is / There are + quantifiers
Entendemos o que são os quantificadores e que, para cada tipo de substantivo (contável ou não), existem diferentes quantificadores.
Agora entenderemos quando se usa There is ou There are quando a frase contém um quantificador e não um número absoluto.
	Quantifier
	There is
(uncountable)
	There are
(countable + plural)
	Portuguese
	no
	X
	X
	Nenhum, nada
	
	There is no coffee left.
	There are no chairs in the room.
	
	any
	X
	X
	Algum/nenhum (negative/pergunta)
	
	Is there any butter in the refrigerator?
	There aren’t any students in the schools.
	
	A little/a bit of
	X
	-
	Pouco
	
	There is a little rice on the table.
	
	
	A few
	-
	X
	Poucos
	
	
	There are a few people listening to music.
	
	Several
	-
	X
	Vários
	
	
	There are several episodes of this TV series. 
	
	Some
	X
	X
	Algum / alguns
	
	There is some work to do. 
	There are some sandwiches in the bag.
	
	Enough
	X
	X
	Suficiente
	
	There isn’t enough room for another dog.
	There are enough apples to eat during the day.
	
	A lot of / lots of
	X
	X
	Uma grande quantidade
	
	There is a lot of sugar in candies.
	There are lots of animals living in a forest
	
	Much
	X
	-
	Uma grande quantidade
	
	There isn’t much time for this activity.
	
	
	Many
	-
	
X
	Uma grande quantidade
	
	
	There are many books about successful people.
	
Exercises
Complete the sentences with “There is” and “There are”:
1) _There is _ a stove in the kitchen.
2) _There is _ a little money in my wallet.
3) _There are_ no fruits in your basket.
4) _There is_ some ice in the freezer.
5) _There are_ two lions at the zoo.
6) _There is_ enough food for the rest of the week.
7) _There is_ still much to learn from the older people.
8) _There are_ many scientists working on renewable energy.
9) _There are_ a few houses on that street.
10) _There is_ lots of information in this book.
11) _There are_ a lot of people at the beach.
There was / There were
Para montar frases com There is e There are no passado (houve/existiam/existiram), basta passar o verbo to be (is/are) para a sua forma no passado (was/were):
There is There was
There are There were
Homework: Where’s Wally Picture
Write some sentences in the past to describe the picture.
Use “there was”, “there were”, simple past tense and continuous past tense.