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Hindi Learning Nouns and Pronouns Pronouns · मैं main I- हम ham We - तू too – You (Intimate) · तुम tum - You (Informal) · आप aap - You (Formal) · यह yah - He / She/ It / This · वह vah - He / She/ It / That · ये ye - These / They · वे ve- Those / They होना honaa - To Be · मैं हूँ main hoon - I am · हम हैं ham hain - We are · तू है too hai - You are (Intimate) · आप हैं aap hain - You are (Formal) · तुम हो tum ho - You are (Casual) · यह है yeh hai - He / She / This is (Near) · ये हैं ye hain - These / They are (Near) · वह है voh hai - He / She / That is (Far) · वे हैं ve hain - Those / They are (Far) Introduction to Nouns All nouns in Hindi have a gender. The gender of many Hindi words are obvious. Plurals Masculine Nouns · If the noun ends with आ aa then drop the आ aa and add ए e. · If not then the word doesn’t change at all! Feminine Nouns · If the noun ends with ई ee then drop the ई ee and add इयाँ iyaan. · If not then simply add एँ en to the end! Possessive Pronouns · मेरा meraa My · हमारा hamaaraa Our · तेरा teraa Your (Very Informal) · आपका aapkaa Your (Formal) · तुम्हारा tumhaaraa Your (Informal) · इसका iskaa His / Her / Its (Near) · उसका uskaa His / Her / Its (Far) · इनका inkaa Their (Near) or His / Her (Formal) · उनका unkaa Their (Far) or His / Her (Formal) Possessive Pronouns Part 2 Depends on the thing someone is owning –> aa-e-ee Possessive Pronouns Part 3: का kaa We usually translate it as either ’s’ or ‘of’. kaa is a Postposition. This means that the noun before का kaa must be in the oblique case. Depends on the thing someone is owning –> aa-e-ee Part 4: अपना apnaa अपना apnaa can mean any of: my own, her own, their own etc. अपना apnaa replaces the usual possessive pronoun when the person ‘doing the possessing’ and the person who is subject of the sentence are the same. Depends on the thing someone is owning –> aa-e-ee कुछ kuch - Something and कोई koee - Someone Now if you want to say “nothing” or “nobody” then you literally say “something not”, or “someone not”. Another use for the word कोई koee is as an adjective meaning ‘some’, in the singular, as in 'a specific’ or 'certain’ one. Similarly we use कुछ kuch as an adjective to mean 'some’ in the plural, as in 'a group of’. Finally for today, in the Oblique case the word कोई koee beecoms किसी kisee. So remember that we must use the Oblique case whenever a Postposition follows the word ही hee - Only; Part 1 · वे हिन्दी ही बोलते हैं ve hindee hee bolte hain - They speak only Hindi Often (but not always) this means it can be translated as “only” or “just”. Are you getting the idea now? Remember that ही hee emphasises the word directly before it in the sentence. ही hee - Only; Part 2 Sometimes ही hee “joins” onto words we already know and causes them to change slightly, · mujhee - Just me · hameen - Just us · tujhee - Just you · tumheen - Just you · yahee - Just him / her / it · vohee - Just him / her / it · isee - Just him / her / it · usee - Just him / her / it · inheen - Just them · unheen - Just them · abhee - Right now · yaheen - Right here · vaheen - Right there · sabhee - Absolutely all As a final word of warning make sure you don’t confused the words यही yahee - “just him” and यहीं yaheen - “right here” or the words वही vohee - “just him” and वहीं voheen - “right there”; the nasalisation at the end is very important! Adjectives Inflecting Adjectives Well basically the adjectives must change to ‘agree’ with the gender noun it describes. It’s easy to spot Inflecting Adjectives because always end with the letter आ aa! · The Adjective stays the same for the Masculine Singular · For the Masculine Plural case we drop the आ aa and add ए e · For the Feminine case (Singular and Plural) we drop the आ aa and add ई ee Non-Inflecting Adjectives These adjectives never change when they are used. The Negative Case To negate a sentence in Hindi you simply put नहीं naheen before the verb. However in the plural feminine case when dropping the auxiliary you add a nasalization to the end of the verb. Colours - रंग rang Comparing Adjectives · मैं तुम से छोटा हूँ main tum se chotaa hoon - I am shorter than you (said by a male). The words तुम tum - You and से se - a Postposition meaning 'from’. भी bhee - Too, Also · अमित भी छोटा है amit bhee chotaa hai - Amit also is small Now भी bhee can also be used in a slightly different way which often confuses people! Let’s look at an example of this… · शान्ति लंबी है shaanti lambee hai - Shanti is tall · वह बहुत होशियार भी है voh bahut hoshiyaar bhee hai - She is very clever too Verbs An Introduction To Verbs Every single Hindi verb in it’s infinitive form ends with ना naa. पढ़ना parhnaa - To Read (or To Study) The Root of a verb is simply it’s infinitive form with the नाnaa at the end removed. Part 2; The Present Tense Now in Hindi the verb must agree with both the Gender of the subject · When the Subject is Masculine Singular then we add ता taa to the verb root. · When the Subject is Masculine Plural we add ते te · Finally when the Subject is Feminine Singular or Plural we add ती tee Part 3; The Present Continuous Tense Raha-e-ee + (hona) depends on the subject Part 4: The Future Tense The Masculine Forms; · मैं हूँगा main hoongaa · हम होंगे ham honge · तू होगा too hogaa · आप होंगे aap honge · तुम होगे tum hoge · यह / वह होगा yeh / voh hogaa · ये / वे होंगे ye / ve honge The Femine Forms; · मैं हूँगी main hoongee · हम होंगी ham hongee · तू होगी too hogee · आप होंगी aap hongee · तुम होगी tum hogee · यह / वह होगी yeh / voh hogee · ये / वे होंगी ye / ve hongee सकना saknaa - ‘Can’ Creating sentences using सकना saknaa is really easy; all you do is put सकना saknaa in its correctly conjugated form after the root of the verb you would usually use. · सीमा हिन्दी बोल सकती है seemaa hindee bol saktee hai - Seema can speak Hindi Past Tense Part 1; Was and Were · · था thaa - was - for Singular Masculine · थे the - were - for Plural Masculine · थी thee - was - for Singular Feminine · थीं theen - were - for Plural Feminine Imperatives Part 1: आप aap · आप aap - For formal situations, when talking to someone older or to so show respect. · तुम tum - For friends or colleagues (the most common). · तू too - For intimate situations or talking to young children. For आप aap you simply add इए ie to the verb root. Four common verbs are irregular in this form! They don’t follow the usual इए rule. These are - करना karnaa - to do which becomes कीजिए keejie - Please do लेना lenaa - to take which becomes लीजिए leejie - Please take देना denaa - to give which becomes दीजिए deejie - Please give पीना peenaa - to drink which becomes पीजिए peejie - Please drink Imperatives Part 2: तुम tum So for the तुम tum imperative you simply add ओ o to the verb root. पीना peenaa - To Drink which becomes पियो piyo - Drink लेना lenaa - To Take which becomes लो lo - Take देना denaa - To Give which becomes दो do - Give Imperatives Part 3: तू too Remember the verb root is just the infinitive form of a verb without the ना naa at the end. So for example खाना khaanaa - To Eat becomes खा khaa - Eat! Imperatives Part 4: Negatives All you need to knowis that we use the word न na to mean 'Don’t’ for the आप aap case and the word मत mat to mean 'Don’t’ for the तुम tum and तू too cases. The Future Conditional Tense Well basically it’s sentences that say something ‘may’ or 'might’ happen in the future. That’s right, all that’s happened is that the गा gaa from the end of the verb has been dropped and the meaning has changed from 'I will’ to 'I may’. चाहना caahnaa - To Want · मैं अख़बार पढ़ना चाहती हूँ main akhbaar parhnaa caahtee hoon - I want to read the newspaper (said by a female) The Past Imperfect Tense · मैं भारत में रहता था main bhaarat men rahtaa thaa - I used to live in India (Said by a Male) The Future Continuous Tense · मैं संगीत सुन रही हूँगी main sangeet sun rahee hoongee - I will be listening to music · मैं कपरे धो रहा हूँगा main kapre dho rahaa hoongaa - I will be washing the clothes (said by a male) Postpositions Nouns In The Oblique Case Masculine Nouns · For Masculine Type 1 Nouns: We simply drop the आ aa from the end of the noun and add an ए e. · For Masculine Type 2 Nouns: (If the noun ends with anything else) Singular Case. This one is the easiest ever - the word doesn’t change at all! So for example… Plural Case: This case is also quite straight forward, we simply add ओं on to the end of the word! Feminine Nouns · For Feminine Type 1 Nouns: (If the noun ends with ई -ee) Singular Case: This is another super easy one - the word doesn’t change at all! Plural Case: In this case we drop the इयाँ iyaan from the end of the word and add इयोंiyon. · For Feminine Type 2 Nouns: (If the noun ends with anything else) Singular Case: This is another super easy one because the word doesn’t change! Plural Case: Here we simply drop the एँ en from the end of the word and add ओं on! Pronouns Part 2; The Oblique Case · · मुझ mujh · हम ham · तुझ tujh · तुम tum · आप aap · इस is (Close) · उस us (Far) · इन in (Close pl.) · उन un (Far pl.) Postpositions में men - In पर par - On से se - From को ko - To Compound Postpositions के अंदर ke andar - Inside के आगे ke aage - In Front के ऊपर ke oopar - On Top के नीचे ke neece - Beneath / Under के पीछे ke peeche - Behind Compound Postpositions Part 2 · के पास ke paas - Near · के बाद ke baad - After · के बाहर ke baahar – Outside · के लिए ke lie - For · के साथ ke saath - With +Ko · · मुझ mujh - mujhe - 'To Me’ · हम ham - hamen - 'To Us’ · तुझ tujh - tujhe - 'To You’ (Intimate) · आप - aapko - 'To You’ (Formal) · तुम tum - tumhen - 'To You’ (Informal) · इस is - ise - 'To Him / Her’ (Close) · उस us - use - 'To Him / Her’ (Far) · इन in - inhen - 'To Them’ (Close) · उन un - unhen - 'To Them’ (Far) Particles तो to - So, Then + Comparing · तो आप शादी शुदा हैं? to aap shaadee shudaa hain - So you’re married then? · घर तो बड़ा है लेकिन बग़ीचा बहुत छोटा है ghar to baraa hai lekin bageecaa bahut chotaa hai - The house is big but the garden is very small So what’s happened here? Well we’ve used तो to after 'house’ because in this sentence we are comparing the house to something else. जब… तब jab… tab - When… Then But now what do these words mean and how to we use them? Well actually it’s ever so easy!जब jab means ‘when’ and तब tab means 'then’ and together they are used to make sentences like 'when this happens, then that happens’. · जब मैं आपको किताब दूँगी तब इसको पढ़िए jab main aapko kitaab doongee tab isko parhie - When I give you the book (then) please read it (Said by a Female) Verbs The Past Tense for Intransitive Verbs For the Past Tense for Intransitive Verbs we add to the verb root; · आ aa For Masculine Singular subjects or, · ए e For Masculine Plural subjects or, · ई ee For Feminine Singular subjects or finally, · ईं een For Feminine Plural Subjects For verb roots that end with a vowel we add या yaa for the Masculine Singular case but all other cases are the same. The Past Tense for Transitive Verbs Well the ‘person who is doing the thing’ must have the word ने ne after them and since ने ne is a Postposition the 'person who is doing the thing’ must also be in the Oblique case · मैंने कहानी लिखी mainne kahaanee likhee --- it agrees with the object - I wrote a story. · उसने पानी पिया us ne paanee piyaa - He drank water (could also be 'she’). Irregular Verbs in the Past Tense · Verb Sing Masc Plurl Masc Sing Fem Plurl Fem करना karnaa - To Do किया kiyaa किए kie की kee कीं keen लेना lenaa - To Take लिया liyaa लिए lie ली lee लीं leen देना denaa - To Give दिया diyaa दिए die दी dee दीं deen पीना peenaa - To Drink पिया piyaa पिए pie पी pee पीं peen · तुमने छोटी किताब पढ़ी tumne chotee kitaab parhee - You read a small book. And the not so good news? The Hindi words for 'He’, 'She’ and 'They’ change a little when we add ने ne. But it’s so easy to understand! · · यह yeh - isne · ये ye - inhonne · वह voh - usne · वे ve - unhonne Compound Verbs Part 1 · आना aanaa - To Come - आ जाना aa jaanaa - To Arrive · खाना khaanaa - To Eat - खा जाना khaa jaanaa - To Eat Up · पीना peenaa - To Drink - पी जाना pee jaanaa - To Drink Up · बैठना baithnaa - To Sit - बैठ जाना baith jaanaa - To Sit Down · होना honaa - To Be - हो जाना ho jaanaa - To Become · The Present Perfect Tense · मैं घर पहुँचा हूँ main ghar pahuncaa hoon - I have arrived home (Said by a Male) Can you see we’ve just added हूँ hoon to the end of the sentance, and it’s changed the meaning from 'I arrived home’ to 'I have arrived home’ Simply use the Past Tense together with the correct form of the verb 'To Be’ The Past Perfect Tense We first start with a simple Past Tense sentence first and we just add था thaa, थे the, थी thee or थीं theen to the end कर kar - After… · मैंने खाकर अख़बार पढ़ा mainne khaakar akhbaar parhaa - After eating I read the newspaper Often in more causal conversations we add के ke instead of कर kar to the verb, these both have the exact same meaning just के ke is less formal… · राहुल अपनी चाय पीके घर जा रहा होगा raahul apnee caay peeke ghar jaa rahaa hogaa - After drinking his tea Rahul will be going home. देना denaa - To Let, To Allow · मुझे नाचने दो mujhe naacne do - Allow me to dance / Let me dance. Now we can use the Past Tense with this as well! Any verb in this form will always take the particle ने ne to mark the subject in past tense sentences and देना denaa always agrees with the object (if there’s no object it is default masculine singular). · उसने मुझे शब्दकोश ख़रीदने दिया usne mujhe shabdkosh khareedne diyaa - She let me buy a dictionary · संगीता ने रोहित को गाड़ी चलाने दी sangeetaa ne rohit ko gaaree calaane dee - Sangeeta let Rohit drive the car लगना lagnaa Part 1 · मुझे भूख लग रही थी mujhe bhookh lag rahee thee - I was (feeling) hungry If we put लगना lagnaa after the oblique infinitive of a verb then we create the meaning “to begin to…”. What does this mean? Well it’s much easier than it sounds; for example changing खाना khaanaa ‘to eat’ to खाने लगना khaane lagnaa changes the meaning to 'to begin to eat’, or the same with रोना ronaa 'to cry’ gives us रोने लगना rone lagnaa 'to begin to cry’. लगना lagnaa Part 2 The most literal meaning of लगना lagnaa is ‘to be attached’ or 'to be stuck’, so we might say something like… We can use this verb to talk about feelings. · उसको प्यास लगी usko pyaas lagee - He was (feeling) thirsty Question words · क्या kyaa what? · कहाँ kahaan where? · क्यों kyon why? · कौन kaun who? na - Isn’t it? Well it’s a little tricky to put into a single English word actually but न na roughly translates as somethinglike ‘isn’t it?’ or, 'isn’t that so’, 'right?’, 'yeah?’, etc. We use न na at the end of sentence if we’re not completely sure about something but you think it’s probably true. पसंद pasand to describe Likes and Dislikes The key word we’ll be using is पसंद pasand - which translates to English as 'like’ (or sometimes 'pleasing’). · मुझको हिन्दी पसंद है mujhko hindee pasand hai - I like Hindi But, you might be thinking, isn’t the word for I in Hindi मैं main? Yes this is true, but when using पसंद pasand we put the pronoun in the oblique case. कितना kitnaa - How Much? / How Many? Just like many Hindi words we’ve learnt so far, कितना kitnaa changes to agree with the noun; we use कितना kitnaa for singular masculine, कितने kitne for plural masculine andकितनी kitnee for feminine. for non-countable nouns (ie nouns that don’t have plurals) and 'how many?’ for countable ones. · कितने कुत्ते हैं? kitne kutte hain? - How many dogs? · कितना दूध है? kitnaa doodh hai? -How much milk? चाहिए caahie - Want / Need Something चाहिए caahie and it’s used to show that someone ‘wants’ or 'needs’ something. Note first that when using चाहिए caahie we don’t use हूँ hoon, है hai, हैं hain etc. · najmaa ko kitaaben caahie theen - Najma needed books (Literally this is 'To Najma books were wanted / needed’). के पास ke paas - To Have · अजय के पास खाना है ajay ke paas khaanaa hai - Ajay has food. The great thing about के पास ke paas is that it never changes at all for masculine, feminine or plural! But there is one very important thing you need to know… के पास ke paas is only used when you 'have’ small items or objects. के पास ke paas isnot used for relatives (ie saying 'I have two brothers’ is different) nor for parts of the body. with के पास ke paas we use the Possessive Pronoun This means that sometimes the के ke'dissapears’. So we say मेरे पास mere paas to mean I have. Following? · And most important, don’t forget that we don’t use के पास ke paas for relatives, 'really big things’ like houses, or body parts! Wishing in Hindi · Kaash + subject+ object+verb root+ ta-te-tee · Kaash + subject+ object+verb root+ aa-ee-e+hota-e-ee Confusing words Dikhna – to appear Dekhna- to watch Dikhana- to show Back to Conversational Hindi Hindi Survival Phrases! · नमस्ते namaste - Hello / Goodbye · आप कैसे हैं? aap kaise hain - How are you? · मैं ठीक हूँ main theek hoon - I am fine · धन्यवाद dhanyavaad - Thank you · हाँ haan - Yes नहीं naheen - No · अच्छा acchaa - Good / Fine / Great · क्या आप मेरी मदद कर सकते हैं? kyaa aap meree madad kar sakte hain - Can you help me? · मैं समझा नहीं main samajhaa naheen - I don’t understand (Male) · मैं समझी नहीं main samajhee naheen - I don’t understand (Female) · मेरी हिन्दी अच्छी नहीं है meree hindee acchee naheen hai - My Hindi isn’t good · क्या आप अंग्रेज़ी बोल सकते हैं? kyaa aap angrezee bol sakte hain - Can you speak English? · और धीरे बोलिए aur dheere bolie - Please speak slower · हिन्दी (अंग्रेज़ी) में ___ कैसे कहते हैं? hindee (angrezee) men ___ kaise kahte hain? - How do you say ___ in Hindi (English)? Shopping + Ordering · यह क्या है? yeh kyaa hai - What is this? · वह क्या है? voh kyaa hai - What is that? · इसका दाम क्या है? iskaa daam kyaa hai - How much is this? · मुझे यह चाहिए mujhe yeh caahie - I want / would like this · मुझे वह नहीं चाहिए mujhe voh naheen caahie - I don’t want that · बहुत महँगा है bahut mahangaa hai - That’s very expensive · माफ़ कीजिए maaf keejie - Sorry / Excuse me Train Station +Travel · मैं ___ जा रहा हूँ main ___ jaa rahaa hoon - I am going to ___ (Male) · मैं ___ जा रही हूँ main ___ jaa rahee hoon - I am going to ___ (Female) · मैं टिकट ख़रीदना चाहता हूँ main tikat khareednaa caahtaa hoon - I want to buy a ticket (Male) · मैं टिकट ख़रीदना चाहती हूँ main tikat khareednaa caahtee hoon - I want to buy a ticket (Female) · गाड़ी कब जाएगी? gaaree kab jaaegee - When will the train go? · गाड़ी कब पहुँचेगी? gaaree kab pahuncegee - When will the train arrive? · क्या दूर है? kyaa door hai - Is it far? · बायाँ baayaan - Left दायाँ daayaan - Right Emergency · पुलिस बुलाइए pulis bulaaie - Please call the Police · मदद madad - Help! आग aag - Fire! चोर cor - Thief! · मैं बीमार हूँ main beemaar hoon - I am ill / unwell · मुझे चोट लगी mujhe cot lagee - I am injured / hurt · अस्पताल कहाँ है? aspataal kahaan hai - Where is the hospital? · टोयलेट कहाँ है? toylet kahaan hai - Where is the toilet? · मैं गर्भवती हूँ main garbhavtee hoon - I am Pregnant Negative words साला saalaa wife’s brother (m) कुत्ता kutta dog (m) कमीना kameena shameless (m) बेवकूफ bevakoof stupid (m) चोर chor thief (m) बेशर्म besharm shameless शराबी sharaabee drunkard (m) भिखारी bhikhaaree beggar (m) वेश्या veshyaa prostitute (f) मूर्ख murkh fool उल्लू ulloo fool मोटा moTaa fat (m) छोटा chhoTaa small (m) काला kaalaa black (m) छोटा मोटा आदमी chhoTaa moTaa aadmee insignificant person (m) पागल paagal madman छी chhee yuck गंदा आदमी gandaa aadmee nasty man (m) गंदे लोग gande log nasty people (m, pl) झूठा jhooThaa liar (m) गरीब लोग gareeb log poor people (m) खराब kharaab bad गंदे गलियाँ gande galiyaan dirty streets (f) गंदी गली में gandee galee mein in a dirty street गंदा नाला gandaa naalaa gutter (m) मारूंगा maaroongaa I'll kill you (m) गोरा goraa white person अँगरेज़ angrez foreigner विदेशी videshee foreigner परदेशी pardeshee foreigner Animals कुत्ता kutta dog (m) बिल्ली billee cat (f) घोड़ा ghoDaa horse (m) गाय gaay cow (f) भेड़ bheD sheep (f) बकरा bakraa goat (m) सूअर sooar pig (f) गधा gadhaa donkey (m) ऊँट oonT camel (m) हाथी haathee elephant (m) हिरन hiran deer (m) खरगोश khargosh rabbit (m) कछुआ kachhuaa tortoise (m) चूहा choohaa mouse, rat (m) भालू bhaaloo bear (m) साही saahee hedgehog (m) गिलहरी gilharee squirrel (f) जानवर jaanvar animal (m) सांड saanD bull (m) सांप saanp snake (m) लोमड़ी lomDee fox (f) भेड़िया bheDiyaa wolf (m) बाघ baagh tiger (m) शेर sher lion (m) तेंदुआ tenduaa panther (m) चीता cheetaa leopard (m) जेब्रा zebraa zebra (m) बन्दर bandar monkey (m) भैंस bhains buffalo (f) गैंडा gainDaa rhinoceros (m) Informal and daily phrases जाओ यहाँ से! Jaao yahaan se! Get out of here! निकलो यहाँ से! Niklo yahaan se! Get out of here! भाड़ में जा! Bhaar men jaa! Go to hell! जाओ, अपना काम करो! Jaao, apnaa kaam karo! Go, do your work! चुप करो! Chup karo! Shut up! बकवास मत करो! Bakwaas mat karo! Do not talk nonsense! मैं पुलिस बुलाउंगा! Main pulis bulaaungaa! I will call the police! (m) मैं पुलिस बुलाऊंगी! Main pulis bulaaungee! I will call the police! (f) भीख मांगते हो! Bheekh maangte ho!? Are you begging? बस करो! Bas karo! Stop it! ऐसा मत करो! Aisaa mat karo! Do not do it! खबरदार! Khabardaar! Watch it! Beware! पागल है क्या? Paagal hai kyaa? Are you crazy? ढक्कन! Dhakkan! Stupid, dumb (lit. "lid") यह क्या कर रहे हो? Yah kyaa kar rahe ho? What are you doing? Surprise Phrases क्या बात है! Kyaa baat hai! Wow! शाबाश! Shabaash! Well done! सच में? Sach men? Really? सचमुच? Sachmuch? Really? तो क्या हुआ? To kyaa huaa? So what? तो? To? So? एक बात बताऊँ? Ek baat bataaoon? Guess what? अरे यार! Are yaar! Oh man! अबे यार! Abe yaar! Hey man! झूठ बोल रहे हो! Jhooth bol rahe ho! You're lying! क्या यह सच है? Kyaa yah sach hai? Is it true? मैं सच बोल रहा हूँ। Mein sach bol rahaa hoon. I am telling the truth. सही कहा। Sahee kahaa. That's right. ऐसा नहीं हो सकता। Aisaa naheen ho saktaa. This can not happen. मत पूछो! Mat puuchho! Do not ask! मैं विशवास नही कर सकता। Main vishvaas naheen kar saktaa. I can not believe. ऐसा नहीं हो सकता। Esaa naheen ho saktaa. This can not happen.उम्मीद करो। Umeed karo. Do expect. विशवास करो। Vishvaas karo. Believe it. भरोसा करो। Bharosaa karo. Trust. क्या बात है! Kyaa baat hai! What's up? बोलो! Bolo! Speak up! सुनो! Suno! Listen! क्या हुआ? Kya huaa? What happened? कुछ हुआ? Kuchh huaa? Did something happen? क्या कहना चाहतें हो? Kyaa kahnaa chaahten ho? What do you want to say? चुप क्यों है? Chup kyon hai? What is up? कुछ तो बोलो! Kuchh to bolo! Say something! चुप चाप बैठो! Chup chaap baiTho! Sit quietly! क्या है? Kyaa hai? What? गलत बात है! Galat baat hai! That's wrong! गन्दी बात है! Gandee baat hai! It's dirty! क्या बात कर रहे हो? Kyaa baat kar rahe ho? What are you talking about? यह क्या बेवकूफी है? Yah kyaa bewakoofee hai? What stupidity is this? यह कैसे हुआ था? Yah kaise huaa thaa? How did this happen? साफ़ साफ़ बताओ! Saaf saaf bataao! Tell me clearly! ...नहीं तो... …naheen to…. If not, then... हे भगवान! He Bhagwaan! Oh my god! हे राम! He Raam! Oh my god! तोबा तोबा! Toba toba! Oh god! (lit. I will not do it again!) माफ़ करदो! Maaf kardo! I'm sorry! माफ़ कीजिएगा! Maaf kijiegaa! (very polite) Sorry! मैं मानता हूँ. Main mantaa hoon. I agree. मैं नहीं मानता हूँ। Main naheen maantaa hoon. I do not agree. मुझे मालुम है। Mujhe maalum hai. I know. मुझे नहीं मालूम। Mujhe naheen maalum. I do not know. मुझे पता है। Mujhe pataa hai. I know. मुझे पता नहीं है। Mujhe naheen pataa. I do not know. अजीब-सी बात है। Ajeeb-see baat hai. It's strange. Getting Very Angry, Denial and Threatening बदतमीज़ कहीं की! Badtameez kaheen kee! What kind of rascal! मारूंगा! Maaroongaa! I will kill (you)! थापर खाएगा! Thapar khaaegaa! (You) will get a slap! अब क्या करेगा? Ab kyaa karega? What will you do now? मैं तेरे को सबक सिखाऊंगा। Main tere ko sabak sikhaaoonga! I will teach you a lesson. नखरे मत दिखाओ। Nakhre mat dikhaao! Do not show tantrums. अभी तो मैं बदला ज़रूर लूंगा। Abhee to main badlaa zaroor loongaa! Now, I will take revenge. माफ़ी मांगो! Maafee maango! Apologize! बचके रहना। Bachke rahnaa. Be careful. बच गया! Bach gayaa! Survived! रोको! Roko! Stop! (When going) मुझे इसके साथ कोई लेना-देना नहीं है। Mujhe iske saath koee lenaa-denaa naheen hai. I don't have anything to do with him/her. मैंने क्या किया? Maine kyaa kiyaa? What did I do? मेरे पास कुछ काम है। Mere paas kucch kaam hai. I'm a little busy./ I have some work. क्या चाहिए? Kyaa chaahiye? What do you need? जल्दी करो! Jaldee karo! Hurry up! फायदा उठाना Faydaa uThaanaa… To benefit (from someone/something)… संभालो अपने आपको Sanbhaalo apnee aapko… Control yourself... बिलकुल सही कहा... Bilkul sahee kahaa… Absolutely right … मुझसे गलती हो गयी थी... Mujhse galatee ho gayee thee… I made a mistake ... मुझसे भूल हो गयी थी... Mujhse bhool ho gayee thee… I did this mistake ... अभी तो देख! Abhee to dekh! You'll see now…You better watch… गुस्सा क्यों है? Gussa kyon hai? Why are you angry? नाराज़ क्यों है? Naaraaz kyon hai? Why are you angry? नाराज़ हो गया... Naaraaz ho gayaa… (He) became angry धमका देना.. Dhamkaa denaa… To threaten .. मैं किसी से नहीं डरता हूँ… Main kisee se naheen Dartaa hoon… I'm not afraid of anyone… पीछा मत करो! Peechhaa mat karo! Do not follow! अगर ऐसा करेगा, तो मैं पुलिस को फोन करूंगा... Agar aisaa karegaa, to main pulis ko fon karoongaa… If you do this, then I'll call the police ... कुछ गर्बर है… Kucch garbar hai… Something's wrong… जल्दी आओ! Jaldee aao! Come quickly! Love phrases Devanagari English transliteration English translation मैं तुमसे प्यार करता हूँ । main tumse pyaar kartaa hoon I love you. (m) मैं तुमसे प्यार करती हूँ। main tumse pyaar kartee hoon I love you. (f) मैं हमेशा तुम्हारा साथ दूंगा। main hameshaa tumharaa saath doongaa I will always love you. (m) मैं हमेशा तुम्हारा साथ दूंगी। main hameshaa tumhaaraa saath doongee I will always love you. (f) हम आपके है कौन। ham aapke hai kaun Who am I for you? (In a relationship) मैं आपके बच्चे के माँ बनने वाली हूँ। main aapke bacche ke maan banne valee hoon I'm becoming your child's mother. (satire) मैं तुमसे नफरत करता हूँ। main tumse nafrat kartaa hoon I hate you. (m) मैं तुमसे नफरत करती हूँ। main tumse nafrat kartee hoon I hate you. (f) मुझे तुम्हारी याद बहुत आती है। mujhe tumhaaree yaad bahut aataa hai I miss you a lot. बड़े बड़े देशो मैं ऎसी छोटी छोटी बातें होती रहती हैं। baDe baDe desho main aisee chhoTee chhoTee baaten hotee rahtee hain Small things happen in big places. मुझसे शादी करोगी? mujhse shaadee karogee? Will you marry me? (m) क्या तुम मुझसे प्यार करते हो? kyaa tum mujhse pyaar karte ho? Do you love me? (f to m) क्या तुम मुझसे प्यार करती हो। kyaa tum mujhse pyaar kartee ho? Do you love me? (m to f) क्या मैं आपको घर छोड़ दूं। kyaa main aapko ghar chhr doon? Shall I drop you home? क्या आप मेरे साथ आएँगे। kyaa aap mere saath aaenge? Will you come with me? आप आज बहुत सुन्दर लग रही है। aap aaj bahut sundar lag rahee hai You look very beautiful today. (m to f) आ जा मेरी गाड़ी मै बैठ जा। aa jaa meree gaaDee mein baiTh jaa Come sit in my car. आप आज रात क्या कर रहे हैं? aap aaj raat kyaa kar rahe hain? What are you doing tonight? मैं तुम्हारे प्यार में डूब गया हूँ। main tumhaare pyaar main Doob gayaa hoon I'm in love with you. (m) मैं तुम्हारे प्यार मैं दूब गयी हूँ। main tumhaare pyaar main Doob gayee hoon I'm in love with you. (f) हमारी शादी नही हो सकती। hamaaree shaadee naheen ho saktee We can't get married. वादा करो। vaadaa karo Promise me! कसम खाओ। kasam khaao Swear! वादा करो तुम मेरा साथ नहीं छोड़ोगे। vaadaa karo tum meraa saath naheen chhoDoge Promise you'll never leave me. मेरा प्यार तुम्हारे लिए कभी ख़तम नहीं होगा। meraa pyaar tumhaare liye kabhee khatam naheen hoga My love for you will never end. आप मुझे पसंद हैं। aap mujhe pasand hain I like you. आप मस्त हैं। aap mast hain You're cool. आप सबसे अच्छे हो। aap sabse achhe ho You're the best. (f to m) आप सबसे अच्छी हो। aap sabse achhee ho You're the best. (m to f) मैं सिर्फ आपके लिए जीता हूँ। main sirf aapke liye jeetaa hoon I only live for you. मैं हर वक़्त आपके बारे में ही सोचता रहता हूँ। main har vaqt aapke baare mein hee sochtaa rahtaa hoon I always think of you. मैं हमेशा आपके बारे में ही सोचता रहता हूँ। main hameshaa aapke baare mein hee sochtaa rahtaa hoon I always think of you. (m to f) मैं हर वक़्त आपके बारे में ही सोचती रहती हूँ। main har vaqt aapke baare mein hee sochtee rahtee hoon I always think of you. (f to m) Time phrases वक़्त। Vaqt Time वक़्त क्या है? Vaqt kyaa hai? What's the time? टाइम क्या है? Taim kyaa hai? What's the time? सात बजे है। Saat baje hai. It's seven o'clock साढ़े सात। Saarhe saat. It's half past seven सवा सात। Savaa saat. It's quarter past seven. सात बजकर दस मिनट हैं। Saat bajkar das minaT hain. It's ten minutes past seven. पौने सात। Paune saat. It's quarter to seven. सात बजने में दस मिनट। Saat bajne mein das minaT. It's ten minutes to seven. कितने बजे ...? Kitne baje? At what time? सुबह छह बजे। Subah chah baje. At six o'clock in the morning. शाम को छह बजे। Shaam ko chah baje. At nine o'clock in the evening. रात को साढ़े तीन बजे। Raat ko saarhe teen baje. At three thirty at night. सुबह। Subah. Morning. शाम। Shaam. Evening. रात। Raat. Night. टाइम क्या हुआ है बताएंगें? Taaim kyaa huaa hai bataaengen? Could you tell the time? टाइम कितना हुआ है? Taaim kitnaa huaa hai? What's the time? वक़्त कितना हुआ? Vaqt kitnaa huaa? What's the time? Abstract nouns जीवन jeevan life (m) विचार vichaar idea (m) जन्म janm birth (m) मौत maut death (f) मृत्यु mrityoo death (f) प्यार pyaar love (f) प्रेम prem love (m) मुहब्बतmuhabbat love (f) योग्यता yogyataa ability (f) सुंदरता sundartaa beauty (f) रूप roop form (m) धर्म dharm faith/religion (m) भगवान bhagvaan god (m) बचपन bachpan childhood (m) जिज्ञासा jignyaasaa curiosity (f) सुख sukh happiness (m) ख़ुशी khushee happiness (f) संचार sanchaar communication (m) बातचीत baatchit conversation (f) साहस saahas courage (m) मदद madad help (m) सहायता sahaaytaa help (f) अपराध apraadh crime (m) प्रजातंत्र prajaatantr democracy ( उदासी udaasee sadness (f) डर Dar fear (m) नींद neend sleep (f) काम kaam work (m) आराम aaraam rest (m) छुट्टी chhuTTee holiday (f) सपना sapnaa dream (m) शादी shaadee marriage (f) तलाक talaak divorce (m) कार्य kaarya action (m) चोरी choree theft (f) बलात्कार balaatkaar rape (m) शक्ति shaakti energy (f) उत्साह utsaah enthusiasm (m) डाह Daah envy (m) बुराई buraaee evil (f) नफ़रत nafrat hate (m) आशा aashaa hope (f) आदर aadar honour (m) आनंद aanand joy (m) अंतर्ज्ञान antargnyaan intuition सहज sahaj innate ज्ञान gnyaan knowledge (m) वृद्धि vriddhi increase (f) अहंकार ahankaar ego उदारता udaartaa generosity (f) कानून kaanoon law (m) निष्ठा niShThaa loyalty (f) भाग्य bhaagya luck (m) स्मृति smriti memory (f) दोस्ती dostee friendship (f) मित्रता mitrtaa friendship (f) रहम raham mercy संगीत sangeet music (m) साहित्य saahitya literature (m) नृत्य nritya dance (m) दर्द dard pain (m) विज्ञान vignyan science (m) शिक्षा shikshaa education (m) अभिमान abhimaan pride (m) वास्तविकता vaastaviktaa reality (f) राहत raahat relief (f) अफवाह afavaah rumour (f) वादा vaadaa promise (m) मज़ाक mazaak joke (m) त्याग tyaag sacrifice (m) सेवा sevaa service (f) कौशल kaushal skill (m) सफलता safaltaa success (f) प्रतिभा pratibhaa talent (f) थकान thakaan tiredness (f) प्यास pyaas thirst (f) भूख bhookh hunger (f) भरोसा bharosaa trust (m) सहनशीलता sahansheeltaa tolerance (f) जीत jeet victory (f) असफलता asfaltaa failure (f) बुद्धिमत्ता buddhimattaa wisdom (f) चिंता chintaa worry (f) हत्या hatyaa murder (f) संदेश sandesh message (m) अकेलापन akelaapan loneliness (m) आवाज़ aavaaz voice (f) शोर shor noise (m) रिश्ता rishtaa relationship (m) Adjectives अच्छा achhaa good बुरा booraa bad बड़ा baDaa big छोटा chhoTaa small/short लंबा lambaa tall/long मोटा moTaa fat पतला patlaa thin/slim काला kaalaa dark (complection) गोरा goraa fair (complection) सुंदर sundar beautiful ख़ूबसूरत khubsoorat beautiful बदसूरत badsoorat ugly स्वस्थ svasth healthy बीमार beemaar ill बुद्धिमान budhimaan intelligent बेवकूफ bevakuf stupid चालाक chaalaak clever चतुर chatur clever जवान javaan young बूढ़ा boorhaa old (person) पुराना pooraanaa old (thing) नया nayaa new अमीर ameer wealthy गरीब gareeb poor सुखी sukhee happy ख़ुश khush happy उदास udaas sad शांत shant calm क्रोधित krodhit angry नाराज naaraaj annoyed आसान aasaan easy मुश्किल mushkil difficult सरल saral simple भारी bhaaree heavy हलका halkaa light सूखा sookhaa dry गीला geelaa wet ऊंचा oonchaa high नीचा neechaa low पका pakaa ripe नमकीन namkeen salty मीठा meeThaa sweet खट्टा khaTTaa sour कड़वा kaDvaa bitter कच्चा kacchaa raw ठंडा Thandaa cold गरम garam hot/warm मेहनती mehantee hardworking सुस्त sust lazy साफ़ saaf clean गंदा gandaa dirty असली aslee original प्रयोज्य prayogya useful पढ़ा-लिखा padhaa-likhaa educated अनपढ anparh uneducated बहादुर bahaadur brave बुज़दिल boojadil cowardly विवाहित vivaahit married शादी शुदा shaadee shoodaa married तलाकशुदा talaakshoodaa divorced अविवाहित avivahit unmarried/single मज़बूत majboot strong कमज़ोर kamzoor weak प्यासी pyaasee thirsty भूखा bhookhaa hungry खुला है khoolaa hai open बंद है band hai closed धार्मिक dhaarmik pious शैतान shaitaan wicked ईमानदार eemaandaar honest पागल paagal mad पवित्र pavitr pure बराबर baraabar equal दिलचस्प dilchasp interesting रचनात्मक rachnaatmak creative प्रतिभावान pratibhaavaan talented वफ़ादार vafaadaar faithful अजीब ajeeb strange विनोदी vinodee funny सुखद sukhad enjoyable विदेशी videshee foreign देशी deshee native अद्भुत adbhut amazing बरमानेवाला barmaanevaalaa boring तेज़ tez fast धीमा dheemaa slow महत्त्वपूर्ण mahatvapooran important मुमकिन moomkin possible असंभव asambhav impossible Adverbs नज़दीक nazdeek close दूर door far ज़ोर से jor se loudly/strongly चुपचाप chupchaap silently कभी कभी kabhee kabhee sometimes कभी नहीं kabhee nahee never सदा sadaa always हमेशा hameshaa always हमेशा के लिये hameshaa ke liye forever अब ab now तब tab then जब jab when शीघ्र sheegra soon जल्दी jaldee quickly आखिर aakhir after/at last अंत में ant mein at the end नीचे neeche below/down ऊपर oopar up इधर idhar here/this side यहां yahaan here उधर udhar there/that side वहाँ vahaan there लग-भग lag-bhag rough/approximately तुरंत turant at once अचानक achaanak suddenly बुरी तरह booree tarah badly जब भी jab bhee whenever सचमुच sachmuch really बहुत bahut very छिपकर chhipkar secretly कैसे kaise how किधर kidhar where कहाँ kahaan where पहिले pahle at first परन्तु parantu but के बारे में ke baare mein about विदेश में videsh mein abroad बिल्कुल bilkul absolutely अकस्मात aksmaat accidentally तदनुसार tadnasaar accordingly वास्तव में vaastav mein actually आक्रामक aakraamak aggressively आगे aage ahead ऊंची आवाज़ में oonchee aavaaj mein loudly यथाकाम tathaakaam alternatively सालाना saalaanaa annually अधिकतर adhiktar mostly आमतौर पर aamtaur par usually परंपरागत paranparaagat traditionally भय से bhay se awfully मात्र maatr barely ज़रूर zaroor certainly ध्यान से dhyaan se carefully प्रतिदिन pratidin daily मासिक maasik monthly साप्ताहिक saaptaahik weekly अंततः antat eventually स्पष्ट रूप से spaShT roop se clearly आत्मविश्वास aatmavishvaas confidently अजीब ajeeb strange जान jaan life बूझकर bujhkar consciously आनंददायक aanandadaayak enjoyably प्रभावी ढंग से prabhaavee Rhang se effectively बेहद behad endlessly पूरी तरह pooree tarha entirely ईर्ष्या irShyaa enviously विशेष रूप से vishesh roop se especially और भी aur bhee even वास्तव में vaastav men exactly मूर्खता से murkhtaa se foolishly स्पष्ट spaShT frankly खुशी से sukhee se happily ईमानदारी eemaandaaree honestly बेसब्री से besbree se impatiently उदारतापूर्वक udaartaapurvak liberally मासूम maasum innocently सौभाग्य से saubhaagya se luckily पागलों की तरह paaglon kee tarha madly और aur more ज़्यादा zyaadaa more जाहिर है jaahir hai obviously शिष्टतापूर्वक shiShtaapurvak politely नियमित niyamit regularly बेरूखी berookhee rudely स्वार्थी svaarthee selfishly अलग alag separately Body parts बांह baanh arm (m) पीठpeeTh back (f) रक्त rakt blood (m) खून khoon blood (m) रुधिर-वर्ग rudhir-varg blood group (m) रक्तचाप raktchaap blood pressure शरीर shareer body (m) हड़्डी haDDee bone (f) हड्डियाँ hadDDiyaan bones (f, pl) मस्तिष्क mastiShk brain (m) स्तन stan breast (m) सांस saans breath (f) गाल gaal cheek (m) छाती chhaatee chest (f) ज़ुकाम zukaam cold (m) पाचन paachan digestion (m) कान kaan ear (m) कान kaan ears (m) कोहनी kohnee elbow (f) आँख aankh eye (f) भौं bhaun eyebrow पलक palk eyelash (f) आंखें aankhen eyes (f) वसा vasaa fat बुखार bukhaar fever (m) उंगली unglee finger (f) पैर pair foot (m) बाल baal hair (m) हाथ haath hand (m) सिर sir head (m) स्वास्थ्य svasthya health (m) तबियत tabiyat health (f) दिल dil heart (m) हृदय hriday heart (m) दिल की धड़कन hridday kee dhaDhkan heart beat (m) एड़ी eDee heel (f) ऊंचाई unchaaee height (f) नितंब nitanb hip (m) नितंब nitanb hips (m) बीमारी beemaaree illness (f) चोट choT injury (m) उनींदापन aneendaapan insomnia जोड़ joD joint (m) गुर्दा gurdaa kidney (m) घुटना ghuTnaa knee (m) टाँग Taang leg (f) होंठ honTh lip (m) होंठ honTh lips (m) कलेजा kalejaa liver (m) मन man mind (m) मुंह moonh mouth (m) मांसपेशी maanspeshee muscle (f) नाखून naakhun nail (m) गरदन gardan neck अंग ang limb (m) कंधा kandhaa shoulder (m) कंधे kandhe shoulders (m) त्वचा tvachaa skin (f) नींद neend sleep (f) आत्मा aatmaa soul (f) रीढ़ reeDh spine (f) पेट peT stomach (m) दांत daant teeth (m) जांघ jaangh thigh (f) गला galaa throat (m) पैर उँगली pair oonglee toe (f) जीभ jeebh tongue (f) दांत daant tooth (m) कमर kamar waist (f) कमज़ोरी kamzoree weakness (f) वजन vajan weight (m) City words शहर shahar city (m) गाँव gaanv village (m) सड़क saDak road (f) गली galee street (f) कोना konaa corner (m) घर ghar house, home (m) इमारत imaarat building (f) स्टेशन sTeshan station (m) बस स्टॉप bas sTap bus stop स्कूल skool school विद्यालय vidyaalay school (m) विश्वविद्यालय vishvavidyaalay university (m) अस्पताल aspataal hospital (m) फार्मेसी faarmasee pharmacy दवाख़ाना davaaKhaanaa pharmacy बाथरूम baathroom bathroom शौचालय shauchaalay toilet (m) दूकान dukaan shop (f) बाज़ार bazaar market (m) मौल maul mall (m) मेला melaa fair (m) हवाई अड्डा havaaee aDDaa airport (m) बंदरगाह bandargaah port (m) पार्क paark park (m) चिड़ियाघर chiDiyaaghar zoo (m) संग्रहालय sangrahaalay museum (m) गैलरी gailaree gallery (m) वीथिका veethikaa gallery (f) मंदिर mandir temple (m) मस्जिद masjid mosque (f) गुरुद्वारा gurudwara gurudwara चर्च charch church (m) कब्रिस्तान kabristaan cemetery (f) पुल pul bridge (m) दूतावास dutaavaas embassy महल mahal palace (m) नदी nadee river (f) पार्किंग paarking parking (m) थाना thaanaa police station (m) जेल jel prison (f) संसद sansad parliament (f) होटल hoTal hotel (m) आश्रम aashram ashram (m) फ़्लैट flaiT flat (m) राजधानी raajdhaanee capital (f) सिनेमाघर sinemaaghar cinema (m) डाकघर Daakghar post office (m) बैंक baink bank (m) Clothes कपड़े kapDe clothes कपड़े की दुकान kapDe kee dukaan clothe's shop कपड़ा kapDaa textiles, cloth माप maap size दर्जी darjee tailor रेशम resham silk ऊन oon wool रूई rooee cotton जूता jootaa shoe जूते joote shoes पतलून patloon trousers जीन्स jeens jeans क़मीज़ qameez qameez टी शर्ट Tee sharT t-shirt स्वेटर sveTar sweater जैकेट jaikeT jacket स्कर्ट skarT skarT पोशाक poshaak dress जुराब juraab sock, socks रूमाल roomaal handkerchief चप्पल chappal slipper अंडरवियर anDarviyar underwear नीचे का कपड़ा neeche kaa kapDaa underwear कच्ची kacchee underpants (spoken) गला galaa neck बाजू baazoo side, sleeve बेल्ट belT belt बटन baTan button रंग rang color दाम daam price दुपट्टा dupaTTaa scarf (a very important part of Indian women's dress, it can be synthetic, silk or cotton, worn with suits, ghaghras and lehengas) शाल shaal shawl (worn by men and women in winters, usually woolen) टोपी Topee cap,hat पायजामा paayjaamaa pyjama (Indian type trousers/pants) घाघरा ghaaghraa skirt (several meters long cloth worn as skirt by Gujarati and Rajhasthani women with tight blouse and a scarf) साड़ी saaDee sari (5.5 m Hindu women's clothing) घूंघट ghoonghaT veil (the end of sari that is used to cover one's face) चोली cholee blouse (a tight blouse that is worn with sari or with lehenga) लहंगा lahangaa skirt (an elegant long skirt worn with blouse and scarf, common marriage dress) धोती dhotee dhotee (men's loincloth, wrapped around waist or tucked between the legs) धोती-कुर्ता dhotee-kurtaa men’s dress consisting of loincloth + long shirt टोपी Topee Muslim men's hat पगड़ी pagDee turban (several meters long hair dress worn by Sikh and Rajhastani men) साफा saafaa small turban worn casually सलवार-कमीज़ salwaar-qameez (North Indian and Pakistani women's dress that consists of baggy pants, long shirt and a scarf, now worn all over India) सलवार-सूट salwaar-sooT other name for “salwaar-qameez” पंजाबी जूते panjaabee-joote Punjabi shoes (Traditional Punjabi leather shoes, worn by men, women and children) कुर्ता kurtaa shirt शेरवानी shervaanee a long men's coat worn over skinny pants that are wrinkled at the bottom पर्स pars Purse हैंडबैग haindbaig handbag छाता chhaataa umbrella जेब jeb pocket शादी के कपडे shaadee ke kapDe wedding clothes महिलाओं के कपड़े mahilaaon ke kapDe women's clothes पुरुषों के कपड़े purooshon ke kapDe men's clothes बच्चों के कपड़े bacchon ke kapDe children's clothes धागा dhaagaa thread सुई sooee needle Conjuctions and postpositions और aur and तथा tathaa and लेकिन lekin but या yaa or अगर agar if यदि yadee if जैसा jaisaa as फिर phir so बद में baad mein then/later अब तक ab tak until के बाद से ke baad se still क्योंकि kyonkee because इसलिये isliye therefore/because of that मगर magar however भी bhee also अब भी ab bhee still से पहले se pahle before के पीछे ke peechhe behind के पास में ke paas mein near बगल में bagal mein beside साथ saath with बिना binaa without के लिये ke liye for में mein in भीतर bheetar within आलावा aalaavaa except Week words सोमवार somvaar Monday मंगलवार mangalvaar Tuesday बुधवार budhvaar Wednesday गुरूवार guruvaar Thursday शुक्रवार shukrvaar Friday शनिवार shanivaar Saturday रविवार ravivaar Sunday Direction words यहाँ yahaan here वहां vahaan there इस तरफ is taraf this side उस तरफ us taraf that side सीधा seedhaa direct उलटा ulTaa inverse ऊपर oopar up नीचे neeche down पीछे peecche behind अन्दर andar inside बाहर baahar outside आसपास aaspaas around नज़दीक nazdeek close दूर door away दायाँ daayaan right बयां baayaan left उत्तर uttar North दक्षिण dakshiN South पूर्व purv East पश्चिम pakshim West में mein in के पास ke paas to इधर idhar here उधर udhar there कहाँ? kahaan where? Family परिवार parivaar family मां maa mother माता maataa mother पिता pitaa father भाई bhaee brother बहन bahan sister पुत्र putr son बेटा beTaa son बेटी beTee daughter पुत्रीputree daughter नाना naanaa maternal grandfather नानी naanee maternal grandmother दादा daadaa paternal grandfather दादी daadee paternal grandmother मौसी mausee mother's sister (aunt) बुआ booaa dad's sister (aunt) मामा maamaa mother's brother (uncle) भुआ bhooaa father's sister (aunt) चाचा chaachaa father's younger brother (uncle) ताया taayaa father's older brother (uncle) बच्चा bacchaa child (m) बच्ची bacchee child (f) बच्चे bacche children (m,pl) बच्चियां bacchiyaan children (f, pl) लड़का ladkaa boy लड़की ladkee girl आदमी aadmee man औरत aurat woman पति pati husband पत्नी patnee wife स्त्री stree wife घरवाली gharvaalee wife मित्र mitr friend दोस्त dost friend सहेली sahelee girlfriend (female friend) मेहमान mehmaan guest लोग log people रिश्तेदार rishtedaar relatives प्रेमी premee lover दामाद daamaag son बहू bahoo daughter नाती naatee grandson (daughter's son) नातिन naatin granddaughter (daughter's daughter) पोता potaa grandson (son's son) पोती potee granddaughter (son's daughter) Food पानी paanee water चाय chaay tea काफी kaafee coffee दूध doodh milk फलों का रस phalon kaa ras juice लस्सी lassi Punjabi yoghurt drink शराब sharaab alcohol पनीर paneer Paneer (Indian cheese) मक्खन makkhan butter दही dahee yoghurt मलाई malaaee cream अंडे anDe eggs मछली machhlee fish मुर्ग का मांस murg kaa maans chicken (meat) भेड़ का मांस bhenD kaa maans lamb सूअर का मांस suaar kaa maans pork दाल daal lentils चने chane chick peas डबलरोटी DabalroTee bread समौसे samause samosas पकोड़े pakoDe pakoras रोटी roTee roti चपाती chapaatee chapatti भटूरे bhaToore bhatooras परांठा paraanThaa paratha सेवियां seviyaan spaghetti/vermicelli चावल chaaval rice फल phal fruit सब्जी sabzee vegetable सेब seb apple खूमानी khoomaanee apricot केला kelaa banana जामून jaamoon blackberry अमरूद amrood guava नींबू neemboo lemon अनानास anaanaas pineapple अलूचा aloochaa plum आडू aaduu peach नारियल naariyal coconut आम aam mango खरबूजा kharboojaa melon संतरा santaraa orange नाशपाती naashpaatee pear पपीता papitaa papaya खजूर khajuur date आजीर aajeer fig अंगूर angoor grapes तरबूज tarbooj watermelon बैंगन baingan aubergine/brinjal/eggplant करेला karela bitter gourd बंद गोभी band gobhee cabbage फूल गोभी phool gobhee cauliflower गाजर gaajar carrot मिर्च mirch chilli खीरा kheeraa cucumber लहसून lahsoon garlic अदरक adrak ginger गिया giyaa luffa भिन्डी bhindee okra/lady's fingers प्याज pyaaz onion मटर maTar peas शकरखन्दी shakarkhandee sweet potatoe आलू aaloo potatoe सीताफल seetaaphal pumpkin मूली moolee radish पालक paalak spinach इमली imlee tamarind टमाटर TamaaTar Tomato काजू kaajoo cashew बादाम baadaam almond मूंगफली moongfalee peanut पिस्ता pistaa pistachio अखरोट akhroT walnut सुपारी supaaree betel nut मसाले masaale spices नमक namak salt चीनी cheenee sugar काली मिर्च kaalee mirch black pepper लाल मिर्च laal mirch red chilli हरी मिर्च haree mirch green chilli हल्दी haldee turmeric जीरा jeeraa cumin seeds दालचीनी daalcheenee cinnamon अदरख adrakh ginger सौंफ saunf fennel seeds धनियां dhaniyaan coriander इलायची ilaaichee cardamom मेथी methee fenugreek केसर kesar saffron तिल til sesame seeds पुदीना pudeenaa peppermint हींग heeng asafetida राई raaee mustard अजमोदा ajmodaa parsley लौंग laung clove सिरका sirkaa vinegar चटनी chaTnee sauce अचार achaar pickles Home अगरबत्ती agarbattee incense sticks कुर्सी kursee chair कालीन kaaleen carpet पर्दे parde curtains तकिया takiya pillow कम्बल kambal blanket चादर chaadar bed sheet तस्वीर tasveer picture मूर्ती moortee statue दीपक deepal oil lamp लैम्प laimp lamp मोमबत्ती mombatte candle तौलिया tauliyaa towel साबुन saabun soap कपडे धोने का साबुन kapDe dhone kaa saabun washing powder बाल्टी baalTee bucket झाड़ू jhaaDoo broom कंघी kanghee comb शीशा sheeshaa mirror चूल्हा chulhaa gas stove तंदूर tandoor clay oven माइक्रोवेव ओवेन maikrovev oven microwave oven वाशिंग मशीन vaashing masheen washing machine फोन fon phone टीवी Teevee TV दूरदर्शन doordarshan TV (old fashioned) रेडियो reDiyo radio कंप्यूटर kanpyooTar computer एसी esee AC (air-conditioning) पंखा pankhaa fan अलमारी almaaree wardrobe शेल्फ shelf shelf कूड़ेदान kooDedaan (trash) bin बिन bin bin लाईटर laiTar lighter माचिस maachis matches *आग aag fire Jewelry आभूषण abhooshaN jewelery सोना sonaa gold चांदी chaandee silver हीरा heeraa diamond मोती motee pearl पत्थर patthar stone बिंदी bindee dot तीक्का tikkaa tikka अंगूठी angoothee ring सोने की अंगूठी sone kee angoothee golden ring हीरे की अंगूठी heere kee angoothee diamond ring बाली baalee round earring नाक-पिन naak-pin nose pin चूड़ी choodee bangle चूड़ियाँ choodiyaan bangles कंगन kangan bracelets कड़ा kadaa bracelet पायल paayal anklet सोने की चेन sone kee chen gold chain लोलक lolak pendant हार haar necklace माला maalaa mala (beaded necklace used for praying) पेटी peTee waist-belt नथुनी nathunee nose-ring तोड़ा toDaa wristlet तमगा tamgaa medal क्लिप klip Clip चिमटा chimTaa clip नारियल तेल naariyal tel coconut Oil आमला तेल aamlaa tel amla Oil बादाम तेल baadaam tel almond oil मालिश का तेल maalish kaa tel massage oil काजल kaajal eye-liner संदूर sandoor red powder महेंदी mahendee henna हेन्ना hennaa henna Months जनवरी janvaree January फरवरी farvaree February मार्च maarch March अप्रैल aprail April मई maee May जून joon June जुलाई julaee July अगस्त agast August सितम्बर sitambar September अक्टूबर aktoobar October नवंबर navambar November दिसंबर disambar December Nature फूल phool flower घास ghaas grass पहाड़ pahaaD mountain जंगल jangal jungle खेत khet field, farm नदी nadee river समुद्र samudr sea जलवायु jalvaayu climate बरसात barsaat rain बारिश baarish rain छाँव chhaanv shade अन्धेरी andheree storm, dark बाढ़ baarh flood वायु vaayu air धुँध dhundh fog बादल baadal cloud बरफ baraf ice, snow तापमान taapmaan temperature बिजली bijlee lightening गरज garj thunder आसमान aasmaan sky तारा taaraa star चाँद chaand moon सूर्य soorya sun सावन saavan monsoon धुप dhoop sunlight हवा havaa wind गरमी garmee heat Numbers शून्य shoonya ० 0 एक ek १ 1 दो do २ 2 तीन teen ३ 3 चार chaar ४ 4 पांच paanch ५ 5 छह chah ६ 6 सात saat ७ 7 आठ aaTh ८ 8 नौ nau ९ 9 दस das १० 10 ग्यारह gyaarah ११ 11 बारह baarah १२ 12 तेरह teraah १३ 13 चौदह chaudah १४ 14 पंद्रह pandrah १५ 15 सोलह solah १६ 16 सत्रह satrah १७ 17 अठारह aThaarah १८ 18 उन्नीस unnees १९ 19 बीस bees २० 20 इककीस ikkees २१ 21 बाइस baaees २२ 22 तेईस teiis २३ 23 चौबीसchaubees २४ 24 पच्चीस pacchees २५ 25 छब्बीस chabbees २६ 26 सताईस sataaees २७ 27 अठआईस aThaaees २८ 28 उन्न्तीस unntees २९ 29 तीस tees ३० 30 पहला pahlaa first दूसरा doosraa second तीसरा teesraa third चौथा chauthaa fourth पांचवा paanchvaa fifth छठा chhaThaa sixth सातवाँ saatvaan seventh आठवाँ aaThvaan eighth नौवां nauvaan ninth दसवां dasvaan tenth Planet तारा taaraa star ग्रह grah planet सूर्य soorya Sun बृहस्पति brihaspati Jupiter शनि shani Saturn अरुण aruN Uranus इंद्र indr Uranus वरुण varuN Neptune पृथ्वी prithvee Earth शुक्र shukr Venus मंगल mangal Mars बुद्ध buddh Mercury चंद्र chandr Moon Professions मैं नर्स हूँ। main nars hoon I am a nurse. आप क्या काम करते हैं? aap kyaa kaam karte hain? What work do you do? अध्यापक adhyaapak teacher विद्यार्थी vidhyaarthee student डाक्टर DaakTar doctor दुकानदार dukaandaar shopkeeper फलवाला phalvaalaa fruit seller दर्जी darjee tailor अभिनेता abhinetaa actor पंसारी pansaaree grocer कसाई kasaaee butcher अभियंता abhiyantaa engineer लेखाकार lekhaakaar accountant कारीगर kaareegar mechanic अखबारवाला akhbaarvaalaa newspaper seller दूधवाला doodhvaalaa milkman सिपाही sipaahee policeman, soldier सैनिक sainik soldier नेता netaa politician लेखक lekhak author,writer बैरा bairaa waiter शल्य चिकित्सक shalya chikitsak surgeon छात्र chhaatr student गायक gaayak singer पुरोहित purohit priest चित्रकार chitrakaar painter डाकिया Daakiyaa postman पत्रकार patrakaar journalist नौकरानी naukraanee maid न्यायाधीश nyaayadheesh judge सब्जी बेचनेवाला sabzee bechnevaalaa vegetable seller माली maalee gardener बस चालक bas chaalak bus driver व्यवसायी vyavasaayee bussinessman प्रधान रसोइया pradhaan rasoiyaa chef रसायनज्ञ rasaayanagya pharmacist औषधञ auShadhagya pharmacist अर्थशास्त्री arthashaastree economist विद्दुद्वेत्ता viddudvettaa electrician कर्मचारी karmchaaree employee मजदूर majdoor labour,worker अग्निशामक व्यक्ति agnishaamak vyakti fireman प्रबंधक prabandhak manager यात्रा अभिकर्ता yaatraa abhikartaa travel agent भविष्यवक्ता bhaviShyavaktaa fortune teller आया aayaa nanny किसान kisaan farmer संवाददाता samvaaddataa reporter, correspondent Time words आज aaj today आज सुबह aaj subah this morning आज दोपहर aaj dopahar this afternoon आज शाम aaj shaam this evening आज रात aaj raat tonight कल kal tomorrow; yesterday; next; last कल सुबह kal subah tomorrow/yesterday morning कल दोपहर kal dopahar tomorrow/yesterday afternoon कल शाम kal shaam tomorrow/yesterday evening कल रात kal raat next/last night इस हफ़्ते is hafte this week इस महीने is maheene this month इस साल is saal this year पिछले हफ़्ते pichhle hafte last week पिछले महीने pichhle maheene last month पिछले साल pichhle saal last year अगले हफ़्ते agle hafte next week अगले महीने agle maheene next month अगले साल agle saal next year Other useful words अक्सर aksar often अब ab now अभी abhee now आज तक aaj tak until now; until today आजकल aajkal nowadays कभी कभी kabhee kabhee sometimes कभी नहीं kabhee naheen never कल तक kal tak until tomorrow कल या परसों kal yaa parson tomorrow or a day after tomorrow कल से kal se from tomorrow/yesterday जल्द से जल्द jald se jald as fast as possible जल्दी jaldee fast टाइम पे taim pe on time दिन बा दिन din ba din day after day परसों parson a day after/before yesterday रोज़ roz daily हमारे ज़माने में hamaare zamaane men in our times हमेशा के लिए hameshaa ke liye forever हर दिन har din every day हर महिना har mahinaa every month हर साल har saal every year हर हफ़्ता har haftaa every week Transports · गाड gaaDee car · बस bas bus · टैक्सी Taiksee taxi · ट्रेन Tren train · हवाई जहाज़ havaaee jahaaz aeroplane · विमान vimaan plane · साइकिल saaikil cycle · मोटर – साइकिल moTar-saaikil · motorcycle · स्कूटर skootar scooter · रिक्शा rikshaa rikshaw · ऑटो aTo auto-rikshaw · टेम्पू Tempoo threewheeler · छकड़ा chhakDa cart · नाव naav boat · जहाज़ jahaaz ship Verbs होना honaa to be करना karnaa to do जाना jaanaa to go लेना lenaa to take देना denaa to give कहना kahnaa to tell बताना bataanaa to inform सोचन sochnaa to think नाचना naachnaa to dance मारना maarnaa to kill मरना marnaa to die सुनना sunnaa to listen/hear हँसना hansnaa to smile लिखना likhnaa to write पढ़ना paRhnaa to learn/study/read पढ़ाना paRhaanaa to teach खेलना khelnaa to play चाहना chaahnaa to want/wish पीना peenaa to drink/smoke बनाना banaanaa to make देखना dekhnaa to see/look/watch बोलना bolnaa to tell आना aanaa to come रखना rakhnaa to keep/put काटना kaaTnaa to cut खरीदना khareednaa to buy रोना ronaa to cry सोना sonaa to sleep पूछना poochhnaa to ask बेचना bechnaa to sell रहना rahnaa to live धोना dhonaa to wash नहाना nahaanaa to have a bath बुनना bunnaa to knit डरना Darnaa to be afraid/fear चलना chalnaa to walk चिल्लाना chillaanaa to shout/scream गाना gaanaa to sing खोलना kholnaa to open मिलना milnaa to meet उड़ना uDnaa to fly