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Student’s Book Stage 9 English in a quarter of the time! The Callan ® Method was first developed and published in 1960 by R.K. T. Callan. This edition was published for the international market in 2012. Copyright © R.K.T. Callan 2012 Student’s Book – Stage 9 eISBN 978-1-78229-008-7 CALLAN and the CALLAN logo are registered trade marks of Callan Works Limited, used under licence by Callan Publishing Limited Conditions of sale All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without the prior permission of the publishers. This book is sold subject to the condition that it shall not by way of trade or otherwise be lent, re-sold, hired out or otherwise circulated without the publisher’s prior consent in any form of binding or cover other than that in which it is published and without a similar condition including this condition being imposed on the subsequent purchaser. Published by CALLAN PUBLISHING LTD. Orchard House, 45-47 Mill Way, Grantchester, Cambridge CB3 9ND in association with CALLAN METHOD ORGANISATION LTD. www.callan.co.uk Ȅ�1BSB�PCUFOFS�MB�USBEVDDJ³O�EF�FTUF�QSFGBDJP�FO�FTQB±PM �WJTJUBS www.callan.co.uk/preface/es Ȅ�1FS�VOB�USBEV[JPOF�EJ�RVFTUB�QSFGB[JPOF�JO�*UBMJBOP �WJTJUBSF�JM�TJUP� www.callan.co.uk/preface/it Ȅ�1BSB�PCUFS�VNB�USBEV§£P�EFTUF�QSFG¡DJP�FN�QPSUVHVªT �WJTJUF www.callan.co.uk/preface/pt Ȅ�;�QPMTLJN�UûVNBD[FOJFN�UFHP�XTU×QV�NPĪOB�[BQP[OBÇ�TJ×�OB�TUSPOJF www.callan.co.uk/preface/pl Ȅ�1PVS�PCUFOJS�MB�USBEVDUJPO�EF�DFUUF�QS©GBDF�FO�GSBO§BJT �SFOEF[�WPVT�TVS�MF�TJUF www.callan.co.uk/preface/fr Ȅ�#V�¶OT¶[¼O�5¼SL§F�§FWJSJTJ�J§JO�BĕBÝëEBLJ�XFC�BESFTJOJ�[JZBSFU�FEJO www.callan.co.uk/preface/tr Ȅ�䣔䀷殨堬⿕䜯憣浹뉡涟浧瞖 www.callan.co.uk/preface/ch Ȅ�㏵䢠Ꮻᐌ䞍䣔ᐌ憣ᐍᑯᒑᑍᐰᏲᏭᏳᏢ www.callan.co.uk/preface/jp Ȅ�ԴԴԗԧԴԗԩ ԩԴԹ ԚԡԜԵԙ ԷԠԷ ԗԴԵԲԟԵԙ ԘԗԴԴԪԙ ԗԴԩԡԘԺԙ ԺԡԜԹ ԢԺԗԡԙ www.callan.co.uk/preface/ar Welcome to the Callan Method Learning English with the Callan™ Method is fast and effective! The Callan Method is a teaching method created specifically to improve your English in an intensive atmosphere. The teacher is constantly asking questions, so you are hearing and using the language as much as possible. When you speak in the lesson, the teacher corrects your grammar and pronunciation mistakes, and you learn a lot from this correction. The Callan Method teaches English vocabulary and grammar in a carefully programmed way, with systematic revision and reinforcement. In the lesson, there is a lot of speaking and listening practice, but there is also reading and writing so that you revise and consolidate what you have learned. With the Callan Method, the teacher speaks quickly so that you learn to understand English when it is spoken at natural speed. This also means that everyone is concentrating hard all the time. English in a quarter of the time The Callan Method can teach English in a quarter of the time taken by any other method on the market. Instead of the usual 350 hours necessary to get the average student to the level of the Cambridge Preliminary English Test (PET), the Callan Method can take as little as 80 hours, and only 160 hours for the Cambridge First Certificate in English (FCE). The method is suitable for students of all nationalities, and ages. It requires no equipment (not even a whiteboard) or other books, and can be used for classes at private schools, state schools and universities. It is also possible for students to use the books to practise with each other when they are not at school. In addition to this, students can practise their English online using the interactive exercises, which are available to students who study at licensed schools. Ask your school for details. The Callan Method in practice A Callan Method English lesson is probably very different from lessons you have done in the past. You do not sit in silence, doing a reading comprehension test or a grammar exercise from a book. You do not have ‘free conversation’, where you only use the English you already feel comfortable with. Of course, activities like this can help you, but you can do them at home with a book, or in a coffee bar. In a Callan Method lesson, you are busy with important activities that you cannot do outside the classroom. You are listening to English all the time. You are speaking English a lot, and all your mistakes are corrected. You learn quickly because you are always surrounded by English. There is no silence and no time to get bored or lose your concentration. And it is also fun! So, what exactly happens in a Callan Method lesson, and how does it work? The teacher asks you questions The Callan Method books are full of questions. Each question practises a word, an expression, or a piece of grammar. The teacher is standing, and asks the questions to the students one by one. You never know when the teacher will ask you, so you are always concentrating. When one student finishes answering one question, the teacher immediately starts to ask the next question. The teacher speaks quickly The teacher in a Callan Method lesson speaks quickly. This is because, in the real world, it is natural to speak quickly. If you want to understand normal English, you must practise listening to quick natural speech and become able to understand English without first translating into your language. This idea of not translating is at the centre of the Callan Method; this method helps you to start thinking in English. Also, we do not want you to stop and think a lot about the grammar while you are speaking. We want you to speak as a reflex, instinctively. And do not worry about mistakes. You will, naturally, make a lot of mistakes in the lessons, but Callan Method teachers correct your mistakes, and you learn from the corrections. When you go home, of course it will help if you read your book, think about the grammar, study the vocabulary, and do all the things that language students do at home – but the lessons are times to practise your listening and speaking, with your books closed! The teacher says every question twice, and helps you with the answer In the lesson, the teacher speaks quickly, so we say the questions twice. This way, you have another chance to listen if you did not understand everything the first time. The teacher then immediately says the beginning of the answer. This is to help you (and ‘push’ you) to start speaking immediately. So, for example: Teacher: “Are there two chairs in this room? Are there two chairs in this room? No, there aren’t ...” Student (immediately): “No, there aren’t two chairs in this room; there are twelve chairs in this room.” If the teacher does not ‘push’ you by giving you the beginning of the answer, you might start to think too much, and translate into your language. The teacher will speak along with you all the time while you are saying your answer. So, if you forget a word or you are not sure what to say, you will always hear the next word or two from the teacher. You should repeat after the teacher, but immediately try again to continue with the answer yourself. You must always try to continue speaking, and only copy the teacher when you cannot continue alone. That way, you will become more confident and learn more quickly. Never simply wait for help from the teacher and then copy – you will not improve so quickly. Long answers, with the same grammar as the question We want you to practise your speaking as much as possible, so you always make complete sentences when you speak in the lesson, using the same grammatical structure as in the question. For example: Teacher: “About how many pages are therein this book?” Student: “There are about two hundred pages in that book.” In this way, you are not just answering a question; you are making full sentences with the vocabulary and the grammar that you need to learn. Correction by imitation With the Callan Method, the teacher corrects all your mistakes the moment you make them. The teacher corrects you by imitating (copying) your mistake and then saying the correct pronunciation/form of the word. For example, if you say “He come from Spain”, the teacher quickly says “not come - comes”. This correction by imitation helps you to hear the difference between your mistake and the proper English form. You should immediately repeat the correct word and continue with your sentence. You learn a lot from this correction of your mistakes, and constant correction results in fast progress. Contracted forms In the lesson, the teacher uses contractions (e.g. the teacher says “I don’t” instead of “I do not”). This is because it is natural to use contractions in spoken English and you must learn to understand them. Also, if you want to sound natural when you speak, you must learn to use contractions. Lesson structure Every school is different, but a typical 50-minute Callan lesson will contain about 35 minutes of speaking, a 10-minute period for reading, and a 5-minute dictation. The reading practice and the dictation are often in the middle of the lesson. In the reading part, you read and speak while the teacher helps you and corrects your mistakes. In the dictation, you practise your writing, but you are also listening to the teacher. So, a 50-minute Callan lesson is 50 minutes of spoken English with no silence! No chatting Although the Callan Method emphasises the importance of speaking practice, this does not mean chatting (free conversation). You learn English quickly with the Callan Method partly because the lessons are organised, efficient, fast and busy. There is no time wasted on chatting; this can be done before or after the lesson. Chatting is not a good way to spend your time in an English lesson. First, only some of the students speak. Second, in a chat, people only use the English that they already know. Third, it is difficult for a teacher to correct mistakes during a conversation. The Callan Method has none of these problems. All through the lesson, every student is listening and speaking, practising different vocabulary and structures, and learning from the correction of their mistakes. And nobody has time to get bored! Repeat, repeat, repeat! Systematic revision In your native language, you sometimes read or hear a word that you do not already know. You usually need to read or hear this new word only once or twice in order to remember it and then use it yourself. However, when you are learning a foreign language, things are very different. You need to hear, see and use words and grammatical structures many times before you really know them properly. So your studies must involve a system of revision (repeating what you have studied before). This is absolutely essential. If there is no system of revision in your studies, you will forget what you have studied and will not be able to speak or understand better than before. In every Callan Method lesson, of course you learn new English, practise it, and progress through your book. However, you also do a lot of revision so that you can really learn what you have studied. Your teacher can decide how much revision your class needs, but it will always be an important part of your studies. Also, because there is a lot of revision, it is not important for you to understand everything the first time; it gets easier. The revision with Callan is automatic and systematic. Every day you do a lot of revision and then learn some new English. Revision in reading and dictation too The reading and dictation practice in the lessons is part of Callan’s systematic revision as well. First, you learn a new word in the speaking part of the lesson; a few lessons later, you meet it again when you are reading; finally, the word appears in a dictation. This is all written into the Callan Method; it happens automatically. Correcting your dictations With the Callan Method, there is little or no homework to do, but it is very important that you correct your dictations. These are printed in your book and so you can easily correct them at home, on the bus, or wherever. It is important to do this because it helps you to learn the written forms of the words you have already studied in earlier lessons. Your first lessons with the Callan Method During your first lesson with the Callan Method, all of the questions and some of the vocabulary are new for you; you have not done any revision yet. For this reason, the teacher may not ask you many questions. You can sit and listen, and become more familiar with the method - the speed, the questions, the correction etc. History of the Callan Method – Robin Callan Robin Callan is the creator of the Callan Method. He owns the Callan School in London’s Oxford Street. He also runs Callan Publishing Limited, which supplies Callan Method books to schools all over the world. Robin Callan grew up in Ely, Cambridgeshire, England. In his early twenties, he went to Italy to teach English in Salerno. Although he enjoyed teaching, Robin thought that the way in which teachers were expected to teach their lessons was inefficient and boring. He became very interested in the mechanisms of language learning, and was sure that he could radically improve the way English was taught. He remained in Italy and started to write his own books for teaching English. He used these in his own classes and, over the following ten years, gained an immense amount of practical experience and a reputation for teaching English quickly and effectively. When he returned to England, he opened his school in Oxford Street. As the method became more and more popular with students, the school grew and moved to larger premises. Robin continued to write his Callan Method books, and today the method is used by schools all over the world. Robin Callan has always been passionate about English literature, especially poetry. For this reason, he bought The Orchard Tea Garden in Grantchester, near Cambridge, which attracts thousands of tourists each year. Throughout the 20th century, it was a popular meeting place for many famous Cambridge University students and important figures from English literature, such as Rupert Brooke, Virginia Woolf and E.M. Forster. Today, it is also home to the Rupert Brooke Museum. Mr Callan now lives in Grantchester, but still plays an active role in the management of the Callan School in London. The Callan School in London’s Oxford Street The largest private school in London The Callan School in Oxford Street is the largest private school in London teaching English as a foreign language. Depending on the time of year, the school employs between 60 and 100 teachers and has an average of 1600 students passing through its doors every day. This number rises to more than 2000 in the middle of summer, similar to a small university. Websites Please visit the following websites for more information: Callan Method http://www.callan.co.uk Lots of information, including a list of schools around the world that use the method Callan School London http://www.callanschoollondon.com/en/callan-school All you need to know about the largest private English language school in London How Callan Method Stages compare to CEFR* levels and University of Cambridge General English exams * Common European Framework of Reference It is difficult to compare the Callan Method books directly with the CEFR levels and Cambridge exams, but below is an approximate guide.C2 C2 C2 B1 B1 B1 CEFR Levels Cambridge Exams CPE CAE FCE PET KET Callan Method Stages 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 C1 B2 B1 A2 A1 STAGE 9 LESSON 127 social 8IBU�EP�XF�NFBO�CZ�B�QFSTPOǽT�TPDJBM�MJGF � By a person’s social life, we mean what they do with their friends etc. in their free time outside work edge little by little intend 8IBU�QBSU�PG�UIF�UBCMF�JT�UIJT � That part of … is the edge $BO�XF�CBMBODF�B�DPJO�PO�JUT�FEHF �� Yes, we can … $BO�XF�DVU�CSFBE�XJUI�UIF�UIJDL�FEHF�PG�B�LOJGF � No, we can’t ... The verb “to edge“ means “to move slowly and carefully towards somewhere“. 8IBU�EPFT�UIF�WFSC�ǿUP�FEHFǿ�NFBO �� � The verb ... “to move slowly and carefully towards somewhere“ 8IZ�EPFT�B�DBS�IBWF�UP�FEHF�GPSXBSE�TMPXMZ�XIFO�UVSOJOH�GSPN�B�TJEF� TUSFFU�JOUP�B�NBJO�TUSFFU � A car has to edge forward … so that the other cars have enough time to see what it intends doing tin preserve aluminium 8IZ�EP�GBDUPSJFT�QVU�GPPE�JO�UJOT � � � � Factories put food in tins to preserve it 8IBU�NFUBM�JT�B�UJO�NBEF�PG � A tin is made of tin or aluminium on average 0O�BWFSBHF �IPX�NBOZ�UJNFT�B�XFFL�EP�ZPV�HP�PVU�TPDJBMMZ � On average, I go out … 697 698 Comparatives and superlatives of adjectives, participles and adverbs Most adjectives of two syllables which have the stress on the first syllable form their comparatives and superlatives by adding “-er” and “-est”. For example, “clever – cleverer – cleverest” and “simple – simpler – simplest”. )PX�EP�NPTU�BEKFDUJWFT�PG�UXP�TZMMBCMFT�XIJDI�IBWF�UIF�TUSFTT�PO�UIF�ʝSTU� TZMMBCMF�GPSN�UIFJS�DPNQBSBUJWFT�BOE�TVQFSMBUJWFT � Most adjectives of … by adding “-er” and “-est” (JWF�NF�TPNF�FYBNQMFT �QMFBTF�� narrow – narrower – narrowest; happy – happier – happiest However, adjectives ending in “-ful” or “-less” form their comparatives and superlatives by using “more than” and “the most”. For example, “helpful – more helpful – the most helpful” and “careless – more careless – the most careless”. 8IJDI�BEKFDUJWFT�PG�UXP�TZMMBCMFT�GPSN�UIFJS�DPNQBSBUJWFT�BOE� TVQFSMBUJWFT�CZ�VTJOH�ǿNPSF�UIBOȀ�BOE�ǿUIF�NPTUȀ � The adjectives of … are those ending in “-ful” or “-less” (JWF�NF�TPNF�FYBNQMFT �QMFBTF�� careful – more careful – the most careful; useless – more useless – the most useless Some adjectives are made from the participles of verbs. For example, “a surprising result” or “an interested child”. These adjectives form their comparatives and superlatives by using “more than” and “the most”. For example, “boring – more boring – the most boring” and “pleased – more pleased – the most pleased”. )PX�EP�XF�GPSN�UIF�DPNQBSBUJWFT�BOE�TVQFSMBUJWFT�PG�BEKFDUJWFT�NBEF� GSPN�UIF�QBSUJDJQMFT�PG�WFSCT � We form the … by using “more than” and “the most” (JWF�NF�TPNF�FYBNQMFT �QMFBTF�� exciting – more exciting – the most exciting; tired – more tired – the most tired There are some exceptions to these rules, but if you are not sure how to form the comparative and superlative of an adjective, it is best to use “more than” and “the most”. 699 *G�ZPV�BSF�OPU�TVSF�IPX�UP�GPSN�UIF�DPNQBSBUJWF�BOE�TVQFSMBUJWF�PG�BO� BEKFDUJWF �XIBU�JT�JU�CFTU�UP�EP � If you are not sure …, it’s best to use “more than” and “the most” Adverbs that are made by adding “-ly” to an adjective form their comparatives and superlatives by using “more than” and “the most”. For example, “carefully – more carefully – the most carefully”. )PX�EP�XF�GPSN�UIF�DPNQBSBUJWFT�BOE�TVQFSMBUJWFT�PG�BEWFSCT�UIBU�BSF� NBEF�CZ�BEEJOH�ǿ�MZȀ�UP�BO�BEKFDUJWF � We form the … of adverbs that are made by adding “-ly” to an adjective by using “more than” and “the most” (JWF�NF�TPNF�FYBNQMFT �QMFBTF�� � happily – more happily – the most happily; loudly – more loudly – the most loudly sympathy 8IBU�LJOE�PG�QFPQMF�EP�ZPV�IBWF�NPTU�TZNQBUIZ�GPS � � The kind of people I have most sympathy for are those who have a serious illness etc. reckon airline %P�ZPV�SFDLPO�ZPV�DPVME�KVNQ�VQ�BOE�UPVDI�UIF�DFJMJOH Yes, I reckon I could … ~ No, I don’t reckon I could … 8IJDI�BJSMJOF�EP�ZPV�SFDLPO�JT�UIF�CJHHFTU�JO�UIF�XPSME�BU�UIF�NPNFOU I reckon … is the … horrible $BO�UIF�XFBUIFS�TPNFUJNFT�CF�IPSSJCMF�JO�UIF�NJEEMF�PG�XJOUFS Yes, the weather can … anxiety anxious %P�ZPV�GFFM�BOZ�BOYJFUZ�BCPVU�UIF�GVUVSF�PG�UIF�XPSME �� � Yes, I feel some … ~ No, I don’t feel any … 8IZ�JT�B�TIPQLFFQFS�BMXBZT�BOYJPVT�UP�QMFBTF�IJT�DVTUPNFST A shopkeeper is … so that they will come back again 700 possession 8IBUǽT�ZPVS�NPTU�WBMVBCMF�QFSTPOBM�QPTTFTTJPO � My … is/are my … entertain Supposing you could entertain a famous person at your house, either a HSFBU�ʝHVSF�JO�IJTUPSZ�PS�TPNFPOF�BMJWF�UPEBZ �XIP�XPVME�ZPV�DIPPTF Supposing I could entertain …, I’d choose … background apply 8IBU�EP�XF�NFBO�CZ�UIF�CBDLHSPVOE�PG�B�QJDUVSF�PS�B�QIPUPHSBQI By the background …, we mean the part which is behind the main subject 8IFO�TUVEFOUT�BQQMZ�UP�HP�UP�VOJWFSTJUZ �BSF�UIFZ�BTLFE�RVFTUJPOT�BCPVU� UIFJS�QFSTPOBM�CBDLHSPVOE � Yes, when students …, they’re asked … ~ No, when students …, they aren’t asked … 8IBU�LJOE�PG�BDUJWJUJFT�EP�ZPV�BQQMZ�ZPVS�FOFSHZ�UP�NPTU �� � The kind of activities … are … %PFT�UIF�MBX�PG�UIF�MBOE�BQQMZ�UP�FWFSZCPEZ � Yes, the law ... %P�ZPV�LOPX�XIBU�ZPV�IBWF�UP�EP�UP�BQQMZ�GPS�B�OFX�QBTTQPSU � Yes, I know what … ~ No, I don’t know what … highly the Browns (JWF�NF�B�TFOUFODF�XJUI�UIF�XPSE�ǿIJHIMZǿ�� � � � It’s highly probable that the Browns won’t come today. Name me a profession that is both highly respected and highly paid. A profession that is … is … ancient Egypt 8IJDI�JT�POF�PG�UIF�NPTU�BODJFOU�DJWJMJ[BUJPOT�JO�UIF�IJTUPSZ�PG�UIF�XPSME One of the … is the Egyptian civilization, the Babylonian civilization etc. 701 702 degree angle right angle grade centigrade )PX�NBOZ�EFHSFFT�BSF�UIFSF�JO�B�SJHIU�BOHMF � � � � There are 90 degrees in a right angle 8IBU�EP�ZPV�UIJOL�UIF�UFNQFSBUVSF�JT�UPEBZ � I think the temperature is about … degrees centigrade today *G�B�TUVEFOU�HFUT�BO�"�HSBEF�JO�BO�FYBN �JT�UIBU�B�HPPE�SFTVMU�PS�B�CBE� SFTVMU � If a student …, that’s a good result somewhat (JWF�NF�B�TFOUFODF�XJUI�UIF�XPSE�ǿTPNFXIBUǿ�� � I’d say he was somewhat lacking in common sense 0O�BWFSBHF �BSF�4DBOEJOBWJBO�QFPQMF�TPNFXIBU�UBMMFS�UIBO�QFPQMF�JO�UIF� SFTU�PG�&VSPQF � Yes, on average, Scandinavian people are somewhat … at all (JWF�NF�B�TFOUFODF�XJUI�UIF�XPSET�ǿBU�BMMǿ�� � It’s very strange; I’ve worked hard all day but don’t feel tired at all Idiom 28 XIZ�PO�FBSUI���a very strong form of “why“ e.g. Why on earth didn’t you call me and ask for help? 8IBU�EPFT�UIF�JEJPN�ǿXIZ�PO�FBSUIǿ�NFBO � The idiom … “a very strong …” (JWF�NF�BO�FYBNQMF �QMFBTF�� I just can’t understand why on earth they got married if they don’t like each other very much 703 unity Dictation 84 There are various means of transport/ we can use these days,/ but in the old days,/ people only had the choice/ of going on foot/ or on horseback,/ or by some horse- drawn form of transport./ Being overweight/ is usually due to overeating./ One usually needs to be taught/ how to operate a factory machine./ Unity is essential for success/ in a battle./ Tom is the elder/ of the two children,/ though even he is not very old./ They just could not decide/ whether to rent a house/ for a fortnight/ or stay at a hotel./ Eventually, however,/ they chose to rent a house. LESSON 128 Using nouns as adjectives We can often use a noun as an adjective in English simply by putting it immediately before another noun, as in the expression “train station“. When we do this, the word “train“ becomes an adjectiveto describe the noun “station“. For example, a shoe shop is a shop; the word “shoe“ tells us what it sells. A book cover is a cover for a book. Sometimes, these expressions are used so often that they eventually become one word. For example, “ashtray“, “bedroom“, “toothbrush“ etc. )PX�DBO�XF�PGUFO�VTF�B�OPVO�BT�BO�BEKFDUJWF�JO�&OHMJTI � � � We can … by putting it immediately before another noun (JWF�NF�UISFF�FYBNQMFT �QMFBTF�� � � � window cleaner, cat basket, school bag 8IBUǽT�B�XBUFS�CPUUMF � � � � � � � A water bottle is a bottle that is made to carry water 8IBU�LJOE�PG�QMBUF�EP�XF�FBU�EJOOFS�GSPN � We eat … a dinner plate confident now that /PX�UIBU�ZPV�BSF�BU�UIJT�TUBHF�PG�ZPVS�&OHMJTI�TUVEJFT �EP�ZPV�UIJOL�ZPVǽE� CF�BCMF�UP�USBWFM�BCSPBE�DPOʝEFOU�PG�NBLJOH�ZPVSTFMG�VOEFSTUPPE�JO�UIF� MBOHVBHF � Yes, now that I’m at … ~ No, even though I’m at … agree about agree that agree to agree with *G�B�GSJFOE�PG�ZPVST�XBOUT�UP�HP�UP�POF�DJOFNB�BOE�ZPV�XBOU�UP�HP�UP� BOPUIFS �BOE�ZPV�DBOǽU�BHSFF�BCPVU�XIJDI�UP�HP�UP �XIBU�EP�ZPV�EP If a friend of mine wants to …, we … 704 705 %P�ZPV�BHSFF�UIBU�MJGF�XBT�CFUUFS�JO�UIF�QBTU�UIBO�JU�JT�UPEBZ Yes, I agree that … ~ No, I don’t agree that … 8PVME�ZPV�BHSFF�UP�EP�BO�FYUSB�UISFF�IPVST�PG�&OHMJTI�UPEBZ Yes, I’d agree to … ~ No, I wouldn’t agree to … 8PVME�ZPV�BHSFF�UP�B�QMBO�UIBU�NJHIU�HFU�ZPV�JOUP�USPVCMF�XJUI�UIF� QPMJDF � Yes, I’d agree to … ~ No, I wouldn’t agree to … 8IFO�ZPV�EPOǽU�BHSFF�XJUI�PUIFS�QFPQMF �XIBU�EP�ZPV�EP When I don’t agree with …, I … take care run over care for 8IBU�EP�ZPV�UIJOL�PVHIU�UP�CF�EPOF�XJUI�ESJWFST�XIP�EPOǽU�UBLF�DBSF� XIJMTU�ESJWJOH �BOE�DPOTFRVFOUMZ�SVO�QFPQMF�PWFS � I think that drivers who don’t … ought to … 8IFO�ZPV�XFSF�B�DIJME �XIP�UPPL�DBSF�PG�ZPV�XIFO�ZPV�XFSF�JMM When I was …, … took care of me … *G�ZPV�XFOU�GPS�EJOOFS�BU�B�GSJFOEǽT�IPVTF�CVU�EJEOǽU�DBSF�NVDI�GPS�UIF� GPPE �XPVME�ZPV�TUJMM�UFMM�UIFN�JU�XBT�HPPE � Yes, if I went …, I’d still tell … ~ No, if I went …, I wouldn’t tell … I dare say … daring require “I dare say you’re right“ means “I think you are probably right“. This expression is only used in the first person. 8IBU�EPFT�UIF�FYQSFTTJPO�ǿ*�EBSF�TBZ�ZPVǽSF�SJHIUǿ�NFBO The expression “I dare say you’re right“ means “I think you’re probably right“ 8IBU�LJOE�PG�KPCT�XPVME�ZPV�TBZ�SFRVJSFE�UIF�NPTU�EBSJOH I’d say the kind of jobs which ... would be … conserve *O�ESZ�DPVOUSJFT �EP�QFPQMF�USZ�UP�DPOTFSWF�XBUFS�BT�NVDI�BT�QPTTJCMF Yes, in dry countries, people … 706 eager 8IFO�ZPV�FWFOUVBMMZ�ʝOJTI�TUVEZJOH�&OHMJTI �EP�ZPV�UIJOL�ZPVǽMM�CF�FBHFS� UP�TUBSU�MFBSOJOH�BOPUIFS�MBOHVBHF�JNNFEJBUFMZ � Yes, when I eventually …, I think I’ll be … ~ No, when I eventually …, I don’t think I’ll be … rub rub out rubber 8IZ�EP�XF�SVC�PVS�IBOET�UPHFUIFS�JO�DPME�XFBUIFS �� � We rub … because it makes them warmer )PX�DBO�XF�SVC�PVU�B�QFODJM�NBSL�PO�B�QJFDF�PG�QBQFS �� � We can rub out … by using a rubber face face to face 8IFSF�EPFT�UIJT�XJOEPX�GBDF�POUP � This window … the street, a courtyard etc. *G�ZPV�GPVOE�ZPVSTFMG�GBDF�UP�GBDF�XJUI�B�LJMMFS�XJUI�B�LOJGF�JO�IJT�IBOE � XIBUǽE�ZPV�EP � If I found myself …, I’d … god %P�BMM�SFMJHJPOT�JO�UIF�XPSME�IBWF�B�HPE � No, not all religions … thus The word “thus” can mean “therefore”. For example, “He was busy with work, and thus could not go to the theatre”. “Thus” can also mean “in this way”, in which case it is followed by the “-ing” form of a verb. For example, “The weather was cold and wet, thus spoiling our trip to the seaside”. 8IBU�DBO�UIF�XPSE�ǿUIVTȀ�NFBO � The word “thus” can mean “therefore” or “in this way” (JWF�NF�BO�FYBNQMF�PG�FBDI �QMFBTF�� She is ill, and thus will not be able to attend the meeting. The mother cut the sandwich into small pieces, thus making it easier for her young son to eat. 707 economize *G�UIF�DPTU�PG�MJWJOH�TVEEFOMZ�SPTF�BOE�ZPV�OFFEFE�UP�FDPOPNJ[F �XIBU� DIBOHFT�XPVME�ZPV�NBLF�JO�ZPVS�MJGF � If the cost … to economize, I’d … involve %PFT�NZ�KPC�JOWPMWF�DPSSFDUJOH�ZPVS�NJTUBLFT � Yes, your job … )BWF�ZPV�FWFS�CFFO�JOWPMWFE�JO�PSHBOJ[JOH�B�TVSQSJTF�QBSUZ�GPS�B�GSJFOE�PS� GBNJMZ�NFNCFS � Yes, I’ve been … ~ No, I’ve never been … attack %P�JOOPDFOU�QFPQMF�FWFS�HFU�BUUBDLFE�JO�UIF�TUSFFUT�PG�ZPVS�IPNF�UPXO Yes, innocent people … ~ No, innocent people … scarcely scarce 8IBUǽT�BOPUIFS�XPSE�GPS�ǿIBSEMZǿ � Another word for “hardly“ is “scarcely“ (JWF�NF�BO�FYBNQMF �QMFBTF�� He scarcely knew anyone at the party so he went home early 8IBU�EP�*�NFBO�JG�*�TBZ�UIBU�*�IBWF�TDBSDFMZ�BOZ�NPOFZ �� � � If you say that …, you mean that you have almost no money 8IZ�EPFT�GPPE�CFDPNF�TDBSDF�JO�XBS�UJNF � Food becomes scarce in war time because there aren’t enough people to work on the farms or in the factories impression %P�ZPV�UIJOL�JUǽT�GBJS�UP�KVEHF�QFPQMF�PO�ʝSTU�JNQSFTTJPOT �� � Yes, I think it’s … ~ No, I don’t think it’s … *G�ZPV�IFME�B�EJOOFS�QBSUZ�BOE�TFSWFE�GPPE�UIBU�IBE�CFFO�DPPLFE�JO�B� NJDSPXBWF �XPVME�JU�NBLF�B�HPPE�JNQSFTTJPO�PO�ZPVS�HVFTUT No, if I held …, it wouldn’t make … 708 709 bury cemetery 8IBU�EPFT�B�EPH�EP�XJUI�B�CPOF � A dog buries a bone in the ground 8IBU�JT�B�DFNFUFSZ � A cemetery is a place where people are buried when they die anger additional 8IBU�BOHFST�ZPV�NPSF�UIBO�BOZUIJOH�FMTF � … angers me more than anything else %PFT�JU�BOHFS�ZPV�XIFO�BO�BJSMJOF�NBLFT�BO�BEEJUJPOBM�DIBSHF�GPS� MVHHBHF � Yes, it angers me when … ~ No, it doesn’t anger me when … insult �ɛQʰVɽOW� insult �ʰɛQVɽOW� 8IBU�EP�ZPV�UIJOL�JT�UIF�CFTU�XBZ�UP�JOTVMU�B�QFSTPO � � � I think the best ... is to ... *G�B�GPSFJHO�QFSTPO�TBJE�TPNFUIJOH�OFHBUJWF�UP�ZPV�BCPVU�ZPVS�DPVOUSZ � XPVME�ZPV�DPOTJEFS�JU�BO�JOTVMU � Yes, If a foreign person …, I’d consider … No, if a foreign person …, I wouldn’t consider … Idiom 29 GPS�IFBWFOǽT�TBLF���a very strong form of “please“ e.g. For heaven’s sake, be quiet and let me get some sleep! 8IBU�EPFT�UIF�JEJPN�ǿGPS�IFBWFOǽT�TBLFǿ�NFBO � The idiom ... “a very strong ...“ (JWF�NF�BO�FYBNQMF �QMFBTF�� For heaven’s sake, don’t do that again, or I’ll be very angry! 710 madness Dictation 85 Football is played throughout the whole world./ He used to be a popular prime minister,/ but what he said last month/ about the strikes/ was political madness./ Provided you go straight home after school,/ you will be in time to see/ your uncle before he leaves./ Everyone was dressed/ in their very best clothes/ for the big wedding party,/ which commenced at 8 p.m./ The waiter placed the tray/ carefully on the table./ The meal he had brought us/ consisted of potatoes/ and a small piece of meat/ which appeared to be old and hard. Do Revision Exercise 57 LESSON 129 Verb + infinitive or “-ing” Sometimes in English, a verb is immediately followed by another verb. For example, “I enjoy swimming” or “I want to swim”. The second verb must be either an infinitive with “to” or a gerund (“-ing” form). Some verbs, such as “promise” and “fail”, are always followed by an infinitive. For example, “The children promised to behave”, or “I failed to notice the sign above the door”. Other verbs, such as “consider” and “finish”, are always followed by a gerund. For example, “Oliver considered taking the train”, or “Elizabeth finished reading the newspaper”. There is no rule to tell you which verbs are followed by an infinitive and which ones are followed by a gerund; they need to be learnt one by one. *O�&OHMJTI �JG�B�WFSC�JT�GPMMPXFE�JNNFEJBUFMZ�CZ�BOPUIFS�WFSC �XIBU�GPSN� NVTU�UIF�TFDPOE�WFSC�CF In English, if a verb …, the second verb must be either an infinitive or a gerund 5FMM�NF�TPNF�WFSCT�UIBU�BSF�GPMMPXFE�CZ�BO�JOʝOJUJWF�QMFBTF� ask, agree, refuse, manage 5FMM�NF�TPNF�WFSCT�UIBU�BSF�GPMMPXFE�CZ�B�HFSVOE �QMFBTF� deny, avoid, practise, miss *T�UIF�WFSC�ǿQSPNJTFȀ�GPMMPXFE�CZ�BO�JOʝOJUJWF�PS�B�HFSVOE The verb “promise” … an infinitive (JWF�NF�BO�FYBNQMF �QMFBTF�� He promised to try harder next time *T�UIF�WFSC�ǿDPOTJEFSȀ�GPMMPXFE�CZ�BO�JOʝOJUJWF�PS�B�HFSVOE The verb “consider” … a gerund (JWF�NF�BO�FYBNQMF �QMFBTF�� You should consider buying a new car 711 712 afraid of afraid that afraid to crash Why do you suppose some people, especially children, are afraid of the EBSL � I suppose some … because they imagine things that are not there 8IZ�BSF�TPNF�QFPQMF�NPSF�BGSBJE�UIBU�UIFZ�NJHIU�HFU�LJMMFE�JG�UIFZ�USBWFM� CZ�QMBOF�UIBO�CZ�PUIFS�NFBOT�PG�USBOTQPSU � Some people … because a plane crash is front-page news We can also use “afraid“ for an apology. For example, a shopkeeper might say to a customer “I’m afraid we haven’t got the size you want, sir“. (JWF�NF�BO�FYBNQMF�PG�UIF�XPSE�ǿBGSBJEǿ�VTFE�JO�BO�BQPMPHZ� I’m afraid I can’t help you whiskers gap fence hedge A cat’s whiskers are more or less the same width as its body. This means that, when it goes hunting for mice and birds, it can use its whiskers to measure the width of a gap in a fence or a hedge to see if it is possible to get through the gap without using force and making a lot of noise. 'PS�XIBU�QVSQPTF�EPFT�B�DBU�VTF�JUT�XIJTLFST � � � A cat uses its whiskers to measure the width of … %P�ZPV�UIJOL�JUǽT�B�HPPE�JEFB�GPS�TUVEFOUT�UP�IBWF�B�HBQ�ZFBS�CFUXFFO� ʝOJTIJOH�TDIPPM�BOE�TUBSUJOH�VOJWFSTJUZ � Yes, I think it’s … ~ No, I don’t think it’s … 8IZ %P�XF�IBWF�UP�NJOE�UIF�HBQ�CFUXFFO�UIF�USBJO�BOE�UIF�FEHF�PG�UIF� QMBUGPSN�BU�TPNF�TUBUJPOT � Yes, we have to … hall entrance town hall A hall is a large room. For example, a large house may have an entrance hall, and schools have dining halls. A town hall is a large building that is used for local government and public meetings. 713 8IBUǽT�B�IBMM � A hall is a large room (JWF�NF�TPNF�FYBNQMFT�PG�EJGGFSFOU�UZQFT�PG�IBMM �QMFBTF� entrance hall etc. 8IBUǽT�B�UPXO�IBMM � A town hall is … pool liquid indoor outdoor indoors outdoors out of doors A pool is a small amount of liquid that has collected in one place. For example, a pool of water, a pool of blood etc. From the word “pool“, we also get the name “swimming pool“. 8IBU�JT�B�QPPM A pool is a small amount of … (JWF�NF�TPNF�FYBNQMFT �QMFBTF��� a pool of water, a pool of blood etc. 8IBU�BSF�UIF�BEWBOUBHFT�PG�BO�JOEPPS�TXJNNJOH�QPPM � The advantages … are that the water can be heated more easily, and one can swim in it in any kind of weather 8IJDI�EP�ZPV�QSFGFS��BO�JOEPPS�PS�BO�PVUEPPS�TXJNNJOH�QPPM � I prefer … %P�ZPV�TQFOE�NPTU�PG�ZPVS�UJNF�JOEPPST�PS�PVUEPPST� PS�PVU�PG�EPPST I spend most … knee kneel – knelt – knelt 8IBU�EP�XF�DBMM�UIJT�KPJOU�PG�UIF�MFH � We call … a knee 0O�XIBU�PDDBTJPOT�EP�QFPQMF�LOFFM � The occasions on which people kneel are when they say their prayers etc. late lately 8IP�XBT�UIF�MFBEFS�PG�UIF�MBUF�HPWFSONFOU�JO�ZPVS�DPVOUSZ The leader of … was … 8IBU�EP�XF�NFBO�XIFO�XF�TQFBL�BCPVU�UIF�MBUF�.S�+PIOTPO When we speak …, we mean the Mr Johnson who has recently died 714 )BWF�ZPV�TFFO�BOZ�HPPE�ʝMNT�BU�UIF�DJOFNB�MBUFMZ � � � � Yes, I’ve seen … ~ No, I haven’t seen … match judo %P�NBOZ�XPNFO�MJLF�UP�NBUDI�UIFJS�IBOECBHT�XJUI�UIFJS�TIPFT Yes, many women … %P�ZPV�UIJOL�B�TNBMM�NBO�XIP�XBT�HPPE�BU�KVEP�XPVME�CF�B�NBUDI�GPS�B� CJH�NBO�XIP�LOFX�IPX�UP�CPY � Yes, I think … ~ No, I don’t think … "SF�GPPUCBMM�NBUDIFT�VTVBMMZ�IFME�BU�UIF�XFFLFOE�PS�EVSJOH�UIF�XFFL Football matches … at the weekend funeral 8IBU�DPMPVS�DMPUIFT�EP�&VSPQFBO�QFPQMF�VTVBMMZ�XFBS�GPS�B�GVOFSBM European people usually wear black for a funeral mystery %P�ZPV�MJLF�SFBEJOH�NZTUFSZ�TUPSJFT � Yes, I like … ~ No, I don’t like … path 8IZ�EP�XF�IBWF�B�QBUI�JO�B�HBSEFO � We have … so that people don’t walk on the grass or on the flowers insure insurance theft *T�JU�UIF�MBX�JO�ZPVS�DPVOUSZ�UIBU�FWFSZPOF�IBT�UP�JOTVSF�UIFJS�DBS�BHBJOTU� BDDJEFOUT � Yes, It’s the law in … ~ No, it isn’t the law in … %P�ZPV�IBWF�BOZ�JOTVSBODF�BHBJOTU�MPTT�PS�UIFGU�GPS�ZPVS�QFSTPOBM� QPTTFTTJPOT �� Yes, I have … ~ No, I don’t have … 715 throne 8IBU�EP�XF�DBMM�UIF�DIBJS�B�LJOH�PS�RVFFO�TJUT�PO � We call … a throne annoy fly fall asleep %PFT�JU�BOOPZ�ZPV�XIFO�ZPVǽSF�XBUDIJOH�B�ʝMN�BU�UIF�DJOFNB�BOE� TPNFPOF�JO�UIF�BVEJFODF�LFFQT�UBMLJOH � Yes, it annoys me … ~ No, it doesn’t annoy me … *G�B�ʞZ�XBT�ʞZJOH�BSPVOE�ZPVS�IFBE�XIJMF�ZPV�XFSF�USZJOH�UP�GBMM�BTMFFQ � XPVME�ZPV�HFU�BOOPZFE�PS�XPVME�ZPV�CF�BCMF�UP�JHOPSF�JU � If a fly ..., I’d ... sore 8IBU�EP�ZPV�UIJOL�JT�UIF�CFTU�UIJOH�UP�EP�GPS�B�TPSF�UISPBU � � � I think the best ... *G�ZPV�SVCCFE�ZPVS�ʝOHFS�PO�UIF�FEHF�PG�UIF�UBCMF�MJLF�UIJT�GPS�B�MPOH� UJNF �XIBUǽE�IBQQFO � If I rubbed my finger ..., I’d get a sore finger design Tell me the name of a company that's famous for making beautifully EFTJHOFE�QSPEVDUT �� The name of … is … Idiom 30 LFFQ�ZPVS�ʝOHFST�DSPTTFE���wish for good luck e.g. Good luck with the exam; I’ll keep my fingers crossed for you. 8IBU�EPFT�UIF�JEJPN�ǿLFFQ�ZPVS�ʝOHFST�DSPTTFEǿ�NFBO � The idiom … “wish for good luck“ (JWF�NF�BO�FYBNQMF �QMFBTF�� It’s quite a cloudy day for a picnic, so we’ll just have to keep our fingers crossed it doesn’t rain 716 717 *T�JU�UIF�DVTUPN�JO�ZPVS�DPVOUSZ�GPS�QFPQMF�UP�DSPTT�UIFJS�ʝOHFST�XIFO�UIFZ� XJTI�GPS�TPNFUIJOH �*G�OPU �XIBU�EP�UIFZ�EP�JOTUFBE � Yes, it’s the custom … ~ No, it isn’t the custom …; instead, they … Dictation 86 It looks as if/ we are in serious trouble./ Not only have we lost our money/ and return tickets home,/ but also the key to the front door./ I will have to look the word up/ in a modern dictionary;/ this one is too old./ Though there has been some delay,/ the goods will nonetheless/ arrive in time./ Walking in the forest,/ we came across a great lion,/ which did not seem at all fierce,/ lying lazily in the sun./ He was clearly the king of the forest, however,/ and did not need to do anything/ to show the other animals/ that this was his kingdom. LESSON 130 Compound adjectives compound Sometimes, words can be put together to make compound adjectives. For example, a child that behaves well can be called “a well-behaved child“. The phrase “well-behaved“ is a compound adjective. One common way of making compound adjectives is by putting an adverb or adjective together with a participle. For example, a wedding that has been planned badly could be called “a badly planned wedding”. (JWF�NF�BO�FYBNQMF�PG�B�DPNQPVOE�BEKFDUJWF�NBEF�CZ�QVUUJOH�BO�BEWFSC� PS�BEKFDUJWF�UPHFUIFS�XJUI�B�QBSUJDJQMF�� a beautifully designed jacket, a slow-moving train 8IJDI�EP�ZPV�UIJOL�JT�NPSF�JNQPSUBOU�GPS�B�MPOH�MBTUJOH�NBSSJBHF��MPWF�PS� SFTQFDU � I think … is more important than … for a long-lasting marriage 8IJDI�JT�UIF�NPTU�XFMM�LOPXO�SFTUBVSBOU�JO�UIJT�UPXO � … is the most … Sometimes, we make compound adjectives by putting an adjective together with a noun that has the letters “ed“ after it. For example, a girl with long hair can be called a long-haired girl. (JWF�NF�BO�FYBNQMF�PG�B�DPNQPVOE�BEKFDUJWF�NBEF�CZ�QVUUJOH�BO� BEKFDUJWF�UPHFUIFS�XJUI�B�OPVO�UIBU�IBT�UIF�MFUUFST�ǿFEǿ�BGUFS�JU� a four-legged animal, a blue-eyed baby %P�ZPV�MJWF�JO�B�CSJDL�XBMMFE�CVJMEJOH � Yes, I live … ~ No, I don’t live … %P�ZPV�DPOTJEFS�ZPVSTFMG�UP�CF�BO�PQFO�NJOEFE�QFSTPO � � � Yes, I consider … ~ No, I don’t consider … 718 719 currency unit penny pence The currency of a country is the particular money that is used in that country. In the UK, the main unitof currency is the pound. The smaller unit of currency is the penny. A hundred pennies (or more commonly “pence“) make a pound. 8IBUǽT�UIF�NBJO�VOJU�PG�DVSSFODZ�JO�ZPVS�DPVOUSZ � The main … is the … *O�UIF�6, �IPX�NBOZ�QFODF�NBLF�B�QPVOE � � � � In the UK, a hundred pence make a pound We use the word “penny“ to talk about the penny coin itself. The plural is “pennies“. If you are holding six pennies in your hand, you are holding six coins. However, we use the word “pence“ to talk about value. For example, we say “This cake cost ninety pence“. 8IFO�EP�XF�VTF�UIF�XPSE�ǿQFOOZǿ�BOE�XIFO�EP�XF�VTF�UIF�XPSE� ǿQFODFǿ � We use the word “penny“ to talk about the penny coin itself, whereas we use the word “pence“ to talk about value Instead of saying “pence“, people usually just say “p“. For example, “This pencil cost 70p“. 8IBU�EP�QFPQMF�VTVBMMZ�TBZ�JOTUFBE�PG�ǿQFODFǿ �� � � People usually say “p“ instead of “pence“ (JWF�NF�BO�FYBNQMF �QMFBTF�� Could you possibly lend me 60p, please? slow down speed up in addition to 8IFO�XF�TQFBL�BCPVU�ESJWJOH�B�DBS �XIBUǽT�UIF�PQQPTJUF�PG�ǿUP�TMPX� EPXOǿ �� When we …, … “to speed up“ *G�ZPV�TUVEZ�&OHMJTI�BU�IPNF�JO�BEEJUJPO�UP�BUUFOEJOH�MFTTPOT�BU�B�TDIPPM � DBO�ZPV�TQFFE�VQ�ZPVS�QSPHSFTT�JO�MFBSOJOH � Yes, if you study …, you can … forbid – forbade – forbidden 8IBU�BSF�UIF�UISFF�GPSNT�PG�ǿGPSCJEǿ � The three forms of “forbid“ are “forbid, forbade, forbidden“ 720 8IFO�ZPVS�QBSFOUT�GPSCBEF�ZPV�UP�EP�TPNFUIJOH�XIFO�ZPV�XFSF�B�TNBMM� DIJME �EJE�UIF�GBDU�UIBU�JU�XBT�GPSCJEEFO�TPNFUJNFT�KVTU�NBLF�ZPV�XBOU�UP� EP�JU�FWFO�NPSF � Yes, when my …, the fact … made … ~ No, when my …, the fact … didn’t make … peculiar peculiarity 8IBU�EP�XF�NFBO�CZ�B�QFDVMJBS�TPVOE By a peculiar sound, we mean a strange sound that may be difficult to identify Tell me the name of a dish that’s peculiar to your country. The name of … is … %P�&OHMJTI�QSPOVODJBUJPO�BOE�TQFMMJOH�IBWF�NBOZ�QFDVMJBSJUJFT � Yes, English … Doubling consonants Suffix Sometimes, we need to double the final consonant of a word before we can add a suffix beginning with a vowel. We do this when a word of one syllable ends in a single consonant preceded by a single vowel. For example, “big – bigger“, “hit – hitting“, “fit – fitted“ etc. 8IFO�EP�XF�OFFE�UP�EPVCMF�UIF�ʝOBM�DPOTPOBOU�PG�B�XPSE�CFGPSF�XF�DBO� BEE�B�TVGʝY�CFHJOOJOH�XJUI�B�WPXFM � We need to ... when a word of one syllable ends in a single consonant preceded by a single vowel (JWF�NF�UISFF�FYBNQMFT �QMFBTF�� sad – sadder, fat – fattest, run – running either of them neither of them Notice the way in which we can answer the following: “Which of these books do you want?“ – “Either of them. It doesn’t matter; they are both equally interesting“, or “Neither of them; they are both very boring“. *G�*�BTLFE�ZPV�XIJDI�PG�UXP�UIJOHT�ZPV�XBOUFE �BOE�UIF�DIPJDF�XBT�PG�OP� JNQPSUBODF�UP�ZPV �XIBU�XPVME�ZPV�SFQMZ � If you asked …, I’d reply “Either of them“ "OE�JG�ZPV�XFSFOǽU�JOUFSFTUFE�JO�FJUIFS�PG�UIF�UXP�UIJOHT �XIBU�XPVME�ZPV� SFQMZ � If I weren’t …, I’d reply “Neither of them“ 721 screw screwdriver 8IBUǽT�UIF�EJGGFSFODF�CFUXFFO�B�OBJM�BOE�B�TDSFX � � The difference … is that we hammer a nail into something with a hammer, whereas we screw a screw into something by turning it with a screwdriver maximum minimum 8IBUǽT�UIF�NBYJNVN�OVNCFS�PG�QFPQMF�ZPV�DPVME�JOWJUF�UP�B�QBSUZ�JG�ZPV� IFME�JU�JO�UIF�CVJMEJOH�XIFSF�ZPV�MJWF � The maximum … 8IBUǽT�UIF�NJOJNVN�OVNCFS�PG�QFPQMF�OFDFTTBSZ�GPS�B�HBNF�PG�UFOOJT The minimum … point essay paragraph Do you think there’s any point in someone learning a foreign language if UIFZ�OFWFS�JOUFOE�UP�VTF�JU � Yes, I think there’s a point in … even if they never … ~ No, I don’t think there’s any point in … if they never … 8IFO�B�DPMMFHF�TUVEFOU�JT�XSJUJOH�BO�FTTBZ �TIPVME�UIFZ�QVU�BMM�UIFJS�NBJO� QPJOUT�JO�POF�CJH�QBSBHSBQI � No, when a college student …, they shouldn’t …; they should divide the points between different paragraphs pad cotton wool absorb 8IFO�XF�DVU�PVSTFMWFT �XIZ�NJHIU�XF�QVU�B�QBE�PG�DPUUPO�XPPM�PWFS�UIF� DVU � When we cut …, we might … to absorb the blood and protect the wound *T�UIJT�DIBJS�QBEEFE � Yes, this chair’s padded ~ No, this chair isn’t padded reach out 8IBU�BN�*�EPJOH � You’re reaching out for me to give you something 722 scale 8IBU�EP�XF�NFBO�CZ�UIF�TDBMF�PO�B�UIFSNPNFUFS � � � By the scale …, we mean the marks on it showing the temperature 8IBU�EP�XF�NFBO�XIFO�XF�TBZ�UIBU�B�NBQ�JT�ESBXO�UP�B�TDBMF�PG�POF�JODI� UP�B�NJMF � When we say that …, we mean that one inch on the map equals one mile of actual land Idiom 31 TPSF�QPJOU���a subject which makes somebody feel unhappy or angry when it is mentioned e.g. Don’t ask him why he had to sell his car last year; it’s a sore point with him. 8IBU�EPFT�UIF�JEJPN�ǿTPSF�QPJOUǿ�NFBO � The idiom … “a subject which makes …“ (JWF�NF�BO�FYBNQMF �QMFBTF�� � � Don’t speak about what happened on holiday last summer; it’s a sore point corner Dictation 87 The men arrived late at the factory/ so often that they lost their jobs./ It is said that/ when a rat is cornered/ by a man/ and has to fight for its life,/ it will fly/ at the man’s throat./ John did not realize/ what he was doing/ and consequently forgot/ to shut the door behind him./ They have led/ a very comfortable life till now./ I suppose we’ll reach/ the end of the book eventually/ if we keep working steadily./ The price of goods/ depends on supply and demand./ If the demand is great/ but the supply is small,/ the price will, of course, be high. Do Revision Exercise 58 723 LESSON 131 Unfinished sentences ending with “to” Sometimes we leave a sentence unfinished, ending it with the word “to“. For example, instead of saying “She didn’t kiss him, but she wanted to kiss him“, we can say “She didn’t kiss him, but she wanted to“. We do this with verbs that are followed by the infinitive with “to“, including the auxiliaries “ought to“, “used to“ and “have to“. (JWF�NF�BO�FYBNQMF�PG�BO�VOʝOJTIFE�TFOUFODF�FOEJOH�XJUI�ǿUPǿ �QMFBTF� He doesn’t know if he’ll see her at the party but he’s hoping to 'JOJTI�UIJT�TFOUFODF �QMFBTF��ǿ*�EPOǽU�XBOU�UP�EP�JU �CVU�*�TVQQPTF�*�PVHIU� UPǿ�� I don’t want ... ought to do it chance by chance 8IBU�EP�XF�NFBO�XIFO�XF�TBZ�XF�HJWF�TPNFPOF�B�TFDPOE�DIBODF When we say …, we mean they have failed at something or done something wrong, but we give them the opportunity to try again 8IZ�EP�QFPQMF�IBWF�B�NVDI�HSFBUFS�DIBODF�PG�MJWJOH�UP�B�NVDI�HSFBUFS� BHF�UIFTF�EBZT�UIBO�UIFZ�EJE�JO�UIF�PME�EBZT � People have … because life today is easier and more comfortable, and medicine has improved a lot in recent times 8IJDI�PG�UIF�NPTU�JNQPSUBOU�FWFOUT�JO�ZPVS�MJGF�IBWF�IBQQFOFE�UP�ZPV�CZ� DIBODF � Of the most important events in my life, the ones that have … take hold of take by surprise take a look second-hand 724 725 8IZ�EP�QFPQMF�UBLF�IPME�PG�TPNFUIJOH�XIFO�UIFZ�TVEEFOMZ�CFDPNF� BGSBJE � People take … in order to give themselves strength and support 8IBU�EP�QFPQMF�PGUFO�EP�XIFO�UIFZ�BSF�UBLFO�CZ�TVSQSJTF People often jump when … 8PVME�JU�CF�XJTF�UP�CVZ�B�TFDPOE�IBOE�DBS�XJUIPVU�UBLJOH�B�MPPL�BU�UIF� FOHJOF�ʝSTU � No, it wouldn’t be … Some other uses of “take“ are “take a holiday“, “take a break“, “take an exam“ etc. (JWF�NF�TPNF�PUIFS�VTFT�PG�UIF�WFSC�ǿUBLFǿ �QMFBTF�� � � take a chance , take a decision etc. temptation dishonest %P�ZPV�FWFS�HFU�UIF�UFNQUBUJPO�UP�EP�TPNFUIJOH�B�MJUUMF�CJU�EJTIPOFTU Yes, I sometimes … ~ No, I never … view 8IBU�LJOE�PG�WJFX�XPVME�ZPV�MJLF�UP�IBWF�GSPN�ZPVS�CFESPPN�XJOEPX I’d like … a view of … hide – hid – hidden 8IFSFǽE�CF�UIF�CFTU�QMBDF�UP�IJEF�GSPN�UIF�QPMJDF�JO�UIJT�CVJMEJOHThe best place … in this building would be … 8IBU�BSF�UIF�UISFF�GPSNT�PG�ǿIJEFǿ � The three forms of “hide“ are “hide, hid, hidden“ liar 8IPǽT�UIF�CJHHFTU�MJBS�ZPVǽWF�FWFS�NFU � … is the biggest … pay attention detail 8IZ�EP�ZPV�IBWF�UP�QBZ�BUUFOUJPO�BMM�UIF�UJNF�EVSJOH�B�$BMMBO�.FUIPE� MFTTPO � I have to … because the teacher could suddenly ask me a question at any moment 726 8IFO�UIF�QPMJDF�BSF�TFBSDIJOH�GPS�FWJEFODF�BU�UIF�TDFOF�PG�B�DSJNF �EP� UIFZ�IBWF�UP�QBZ�BUUFOUJPO�UP�WFSZ�TNBMM�EFUBJMT � Yes, when the police are … 8IFO�ZPV�BTL�B�GSJFOE�XIBU�UIFZ�EJE�MBTU�XFFLFOE �GPS�FYBNQMF �EP�ZPV� FYQFDU�UIFN�UP�HP�JOUP�HSFBU�EFUBJM�BCPVU�FWFSZUIJOH�UIBU�IBQQFOFE�PS� KVTU�HJWF�ZPV�UIF�CBTJD�GBDUT � When I ask …, I … “The” + adjective = noun Sometimes, we can use an adjective as a noun by putting the definite article “the” before the adjective. For example, instead of saying “young people”, we can say “the young”. A noun formed in this way is always plural and takes a plural verb. %P�ZPV�UIJOL�HPWFSONFOUT�TIPVME�EP�NPSF�UP�IFMQ�UIF�QPPS � � � Yes, I think … %P�UIF�WFSZ�PME�BOE�UIF�WFSZ�ZPVOH�TPNFUJNFT�ʝOE�JU�IBSEFS�UP�ʝHIU� JMMOFTT�UIBO�PUIFS�QFPQMF � Yes, the very old … We can do the same thing with certain nationalities. For example, instead of “English people” we can talk about “the English”. This can be done with adjectives ending in “sh“, “ch“, “ese“ or “ss“. For example, “the Spanish“, “the French“, “the Chinese“, “the Swiss” etc. 8IJDI�OBUJPOBMJUJFT�BSF�QBSUJDVMBSMZ�GBNPVT�GPS�UIFJS�GPPE �� The French, the Italians, the Chinese etc. are … sweat nervous 8IFO�EP�QFPQMF�TXFBU � People sweat when they do exercise, when they are nervous, and when the weather is hot %P�ZPV�HFU�WFSZ�OFSWPVT�CFGPSF�FYBNT �� Yes, I get … ~ No, I don’t get … 727 underneath unlike The difference between “under“ and “underneath“ is the same as that between “after“ and “afterwards“. “Underneath“ means “under that“ or “under it“, and, unlike the word “under“, it does not usually need to be followed by any other words. For example, instead of saying “I knelt down by the car and looked under it“, we can say “I knelt down by the car and looked underneath“. 8IBUǽT�UIF�EJGGFSFODF�CFUXFFO�ǿVOEFSǿ�BOE�ǿVOEFSOFBUIǿ The difference … “underneath“ means “under that“ or “under it“, and … it does not usually need to be followed by any other words (JWF�NF�BO�FYBNQMF �QMFBTF�� � � � I knelt down by the car and looked under it ‒ I knelt down ... underneath wander distinguish a while $BO�ZPV�EJTUJOHVJTI�UIF�EJGGFSFODF�JO�QSPOVODJBUJPO�CFUXFFO�UIF�XPSET� ǿXBOEFSǿ�BOE�ǿXPOEFSǿ � Yes, I can … ~ No, I can’t … 8IBU�EPFT�UIF�XPSE�ǿXBOEFSǿ�NFBO � The word “wander“ means to walk around without any particular purpose or direction (JWF�NF�BO�FYBNQMF �QMFBTF�� We had lots of time before our train was due to leave so we just wandered around the shops for a while 8IBU�EPFT�UIF�XPSE�ǿXPOEFSǿ�NFBO �� � � � The word “wonder“ means to ask yourself questions (JWF�NF�BO�FYBNQMF �QMFBTF�� There are some peculiar smells coming from the kitchen; I wonder what John’s cooking in there. 728 Idiom 32 HFU�ZPV�EPXO���make you tired and unhappy e.g. This horrible weather we’re having is beginning to get me down. 8IBU�EPFT�UIF�JEJPN�ǿHFU�ZPV�EPXOǿ�NFBO � The idiom … “make you tired and unhappy“ (JWF�NF�BO�FYBNQMF �QMFBTF�� He had to stop work because the problems and difficulties of the job got him down after a time LESSON 132 still yet annoyance As we already know, we use the word “still“ for something that is in progress at the moment, whereas we use “yet“ for something that has not begun or happened. This means that “still“ is generally used in positive sentences, whereas “yet“ is generally used in negative and interrogative sentences. However, it is possible to use “still“ in negative sentences. For example, instead of saying “He hasn’t done the work yet“, we can say “He still hasn’t done the work“. This communicates a feeling of surprise or annoyance, and the word “still“ is stressed in the sentence. 8IBU�GFFMJOH�EPFT�UIF�XPSE�ǿTUJMMǿ�DPNNVOJDBUF�XIFO�XF�VTF�JU�JO�B� OFHBUJWF�TFOUFODF � The word “still“ … surprise or annoyance … (JWF�NF�BO�FYBNQMF �QMFBTF�� I’ve explained it a hundred times but he still doesn’t understand! “Still“ can also be used in questions. For example, “Are you still living in London?“. This can also communicate a feeling of surprise or annoyance, but only if there is a heavy stress on the word “still“ in the question. For example, “Are you still in the bathroom, Jane? Please hurry up!“. $BO�UIF�XPSE�ǿTUJMMǿ�CF�VTFE�JO�RVFTUJPOT � Yes, the word “still“ can … (JWF�NF�BO�FYBNQMF �QMFBTF�� It’s nearly midnight. Are you still working? Sometimes, we use the words “still“, or more commonly “even“, in a comparative structure in order to communicate that something is surprising. For example, “My brother is tall, but my uncle is still taller“, or “We’re driving fast but we need to drive even faster to avoid being late“. 729 8IFO�EP�XF�VTF�UIF�XPSET�ǿTUJMMǿ �PS�NPSF�DPNNPOMZ�ǿFWFOǿ �JO�B� DPNQBSBUJWF�TUSVDUVSF � We use … to communicate that something is surprising (JWF�NF�BO�FYBNQMF �QMFBTF�� My French is bad, and my English is still worse. Joe is fairly greedy, but his sister’s even greedier. according to in my opinion *G�*�TBJE�UP�ZPV�UIBU �BDDPSEJOH�UP�UIF�OFXTQBQFST�UIJT�NPSOJOH �MJGF�IBE� CFFO�EJTDPWFSFE�PO�BOPUIFS�QMBOFU �XPVME�ZPV�CFMJFWF�NF � Yes, if you said …, I’d believe you ~ No, if you said …, I wouldn’t believe you 8IBU �BDDPSEJOH�UP�ZPV �JT�UIF�CFTU�XBZ�UP�EFBM�XJUI�NVSEFSFST � In my opinion, the best way … 8IFO�UIJOHT�EPOǽU�HP�BDDPSEJOH�UP�QMBO �XIBU�EP�ZPV�EP When things don’t go ... band disturbance military *O�UIJT�UPXO �EP�ZPV�HFU�CBOET�PG�ZPVOH�QFPQMF�HPJOH�BSPVOE�UIF�TUSFFUT� BU�OJHIU�DBVTJOH�EJTUVSCBODFT � Yes, in this town, we get … ~ No, in this town, we don’t get … /BNF�B�CBOE�UIBUǽT�WFSZ�QPQVMBS�JO�ZPVS�DPVOUSZ�� A band that’s … is … %P�ZPV�MJLF�UIF�TPVOE�PG�B�NJMJUBSZ�CBOE � Yes, I like ... ~ No, I don’t like … 8IZ�EP�UIFZ�QVU�B�CBOE�PG�NBUFSJBM�JOTJEF�B�IBU � � � � They put a ... to help the hat to keep its shape 8IZ�EP�UFOOJT�QMBZFST�TPNFUJNFT�XFBS�B�CBOE�PG�NBUFSJBM�BSPVOE�UIFJS� XSJTU � Tennis players … to absorb the sweat link browse *T�UIFSF�B�EFʝOJUF�MJOL�CFUXFFO�DJHBSFUUF�TNPLJOH�BOE�TFSJPVT�JMMOFTT � Yes, there’s a … 8IFO�CSPXTJOH�PO�UIF�JOUFSOFU �EP�ZPV�FWFS�GPMMPX�TP�NBOZ�MJOLT�UIBU� ZPV�GPSHFU�XIBU�ZPV�XFSF�PSJHJOBMMZ�EPJOH � Yes, when …, I sometimes … ~ No, when …, I never … 730 731 %P�ZPV�FOKPZ�CSPXTJOH�SPVOE�TIPQT�BU�UIF�XFFLFOE � Yes, I enjoy … ~ No, I don’t enjoy … carriage invention 8IBUǽT�UIF�OPVO�PG�UIF�WFSC�ǿUP�DBSSZǿ � The noun … “carriage“ )PX�NBOZ�DBSSJBHFT�EPFT�UIF�BWFSBHF�USBJO�DPOTJTU�PG � � � The average train consists of about … carriages What caused people to stop using the horse and carriage as a form of FWFSZEBZ�USBOTQPSU � The invention of the steam engine and the car caused … *O�ZPVS�PQJOJPO �XIBUǽT�UIF�NPTU�JNQPSUBOU�JOWFOUJPO�JO�IJTUPSZ �BQBSU� GSPN�UIF�XIFFM � In my opinion, the most … explanation *G�ZPV�IBWF�B�DBS�BDDJEFOU�BOE�NBLF�B�DMBJN�PO�ZPVS�JOTVSBODF �EP�ZPV� IBWF�UP�HJWF�B�EFUBJMFE�FYQMBOBUJPO�PG�XIBU�IBQQFOFE � Yes, if you …, you have to … about for days and days what about (you) We must now note some of the different uses of the word “about“. 8IBU�LJOE�PG�UIJOHT�EP�IPVTFNBUFT�BSHVF�BCPVU � � � � The kind of … are cleaning, noise etc. Do you think there’s anything bad about lying to someone in order not to IVSU�UIFJS�GFFMJOHT Yes, I think there’s something … ~ No, I don’t think there’s anything … %P�QFPQMF�TUBOE�BCPVU�PO�UIF�DPSOFST�PG�UIF�TUSFFUT�JO�ZPVS�UPXOYes, people stand about … ~ No, people don’t stand about … "SF�ZPV�JO�UIF�IBCJU�PG�MFBWJOH�ZPVS�DMPUIFT�MZJOH�BCPVU�PO�ZPVS�CFESPPN� ʞPPS�GPS�EBZT�BOE�EBZT � Yes, I’m in the habit of … ~ No, I’m not in the habit of … 732 *G�ZPV�DBNF�UP�UIF�DMBTTSPPN�GPS�ZPVS�MFTTPO�POF�EBZ�CVU�UIFSF�XBT� OPCPEZ�BCPVU �XIBU�XPVME�ZPV�EP If I came …, I’d … *�EPOǽU�UIJOL�UIFSFǽT�HPJOH�UP�CF�BOPUIFS�XPSME�XBS��XIBU�BCPVU�ZPV I agree. I don’t think there’s going to … ~ I don’t agree. I think there’s going to … bitter dissatisfaction %PFT�UFB�XJUIPVU�TVHBS�UBTUF�TXFFU � No, tea …; it tastes bitter 8IZ�EP�TPNF�QFPQMF�GFFM�CJUUFS �FTQFDJBMMZ�JO�UIFJS�PME�BHF Some people … because they feel that life has not been fair to them neat 8IBU�XPSE�DBO�XF�VTF�JOTUFBE�PG�UIF�XPSE�ǿUJEZǿ � � We can use the word “neat“ instead of the word “tidy“ poverty %P�ZPV�UIJOL�UIFSFǽMM�BMXBZT�CF�IJHI�MFWFMT�PG�QPWFSUZ�JO�TPNF�QBSUT�PG�UIF� XPSME � Yes, I think … ~ No, I don’t think … admire admiration 8IP�EP�ZPV�BENJSF�NPSF�UIBO�BOZPOF�FMTF � I admire … more than anyone else 8IZ 8IBUǽT�UIF�OPVO�PG�UIF�WFSC�ǿUP�BENJSFȀ � The noun of the verb “to admire” is “admiration” generous %P�ZPV�UIJOL�UIF�SJDI�BSF�NPSF�HFOFSPVT�UIBO�UIF�QPPS � � Yes, I think … ~ No, I don’t think … 733 Idiom 33 UPVDI�BOE�HP�� very uncertain e.g. It was touch and go for a moment. I thought the piece of wood would break and we’d all fall into the sea. 8IBU�EPFT�UIF�JEJPN�ǿUPVDI�BOE�HPǿ�NFBO � The idiom … “very uncertain“ (JWF�NF�BO�FYBNQMF �QMFBTF�� The car was in very bad condition, and it was touch and go whether it would get us home or not Dictation 88 The ship sank slowly/ to the ocean bed./ Some of the men on board drowned/ because they were unable to swim./ Others managed to save themselves/ by holding onto pieces of wood/ and were slowly carried to land/ by the tide./ In the past,/ some empires were built/ when one country conquered another/ and then demanded a tax,/ which then made it easier/ to conquer still more countries./ He was a great literary figure/ of his day,/ but today he is read very little. Do Revision Exercise 59 734 LESSON 133 Further uses of the verb “wish” We use the verb “wish” followed by the word “would” when we are unhappy or irritated about something that is happening and we want the situation to change. For example, if somebody is irritating us by making a lot of noise and we want them to be quiet, we can say “I wish he would be quiet”. If we are unhappy because it is raining and we want it to stop, we can say “I wish it would stop raining”. 8IFO�EP�XF�VTF�UIF�WFSC�ǿXJTIȀ�GPMMPXFE�CZ�UIF�XPSE�ǿXPVMEȀ We use the verb “wish” … when we are unhappy or irritated about something that is happening and we want the situation to change (JWF�NF�TPNF�FYBNQMFT �QMFBTF�� I wish they would hurry up and finish the job! I wish my dad would send me some money! In formal written English, “wish” can be followed by the infinitive with “to”, with the meaning of “want” or “would like”. For example, “I wish to complain” means “I would like to complain”. 8IFO�EP�XF�VTF�UIF�WFSC�ǿXJTIȀ�GPMMPXFE�CZ�UIF�JOʝOJUJWF�XJUI�ǿUPȀ We use the verb “wish” … in formal written English "OE�XIBU�EPFT�JU�NFBO � It means “want” or “would like” (JWF�NF�BO�FYBNQMF �QMFBTF�� We wish to inform you that your payment has been received We can also use “wish” to communicate the idea that we want something good to happen to somebody. For example, “I wished her good luck in her exam”, or “Don’t forget to wish them a pleasant journey”. (JWF�NF�BO�FYBNQMF�PG�ǿXJTIȀ�VTFE�UP�DPNNVOJDBUF�UIF�JEFB�UIBU�XF� XBOU�TPNFUIJOH�HPPE�UP�IBQQFO�UP�TPNFCPEZ�� He wished me a happy birthday 735 736 hitchhike )BWF�ZPV�FWFS�IJUDIIJLFE Yes, I’ve hitchhiked ~ No, I’ve never hitchhiked 8PVME�ZPV�SFDPNNFOE�IJUDIIJLJOH�BT�B�HPPE�XBZ�GPS�WJTJUPST�UP�USBWFM� BSPVOE�ZPVS�DPVOUSZ � Yes, I’d recommend … ~ No, I wouldn’t recommend … 8IZ�PS�XIZ�OPU dear %P�ZPV�UIJOL�JUǽT�QPTTJCMF�GPS�UXP�QFPQMF�UP�SFNBJO�EFBS�GSJFOET�GPS�MJGF Yes, I think it’s … ~ No, I don’t think it’s … 0G�BMM�ZPVS�QFSTPOBM�QPTTFTTJPOT �XIJDI�JT�UIF�NPTU�EFBS�UP�ZPV Of all my …, my … is/are … 8IBUǽT�UIF�EFBSFTU�UIJOH�ZPVǽSF�XFBSJOH � My … is/are the dearest … easy ease at ease ill at ease 8IBU�EP�XF�NFBO�CZ�BO�FBTZ�MJGF � � � � By an easy life, we mean a comfortable life, free from stress %P�ZPV�GFFM�BU�FBTF�JO�TUSBOHF�DPNQBOZ �PS�EP�ZPV�GFFM�JMM�BU�FBTF I feel … in strange company "SF�ZPV�BCMF�UP�EP�BMM�UIF�EJDUBUJPOT�JO�UIJT�CPPL�XJUI�FBTF Yes, I’m able to do … ~ No, I’m not able to do … *G�ZPV�IBWF�B�IFBEBDIF �XIBU�EP�ZPV�UIJOL�JT�UIF�CFTU�XBZ�UP�FBTF�UIF� QBJO � If I have …, I think ... to be obliged )BWF�ZPV�FWFS�CFFO�PCMJHFE�UP�BQQFBS�JO�DPVSU�GPS�BOZ�SFBTPO Yes, I’ve been … ~ No, I’ve never been … 737 steal rob robbery thief mask Although the verbs “steal“ and “rob“ are quite similar in meaning, there is a difference in grammar, as follows: “steal“ something “from“ somebody (or somewhere) “rob“ somebody (or somewhere) “of“ something For example, we can say “The thief stole my watch from me“ or “The thief robbed me of my watch“. 8IBUǽT�UIF�EJGGFSFODF�JO�HSBNNBS�CFUXFFO�UIF�WFSCT�ǿTUFBMǿ�BOE�ǿSPCǿ The difference in grammar … is that we “steal“ something “from“ somebody (or somewhere), whereas we “rob“ somebody (or somewhere) “of“ something (JWF�NF�BO�FYBNQMF�PG�FBDI �QMFBTF�� The thief stole the handbag from Mary. The thief robbed Mary of the handbag. *G�B�UIJFG�SPCCFE�ZPV�PG�TPNFUIJOH�JO�UIF�TUSFFU�BOE�SBO�BXBZ �XIBU� XPVME�ZPV�EP � If a thief …, I’d … *O�SFBM�MJGF �IBWF�ZPV�FWFS�TFFO�B�SPCCFS�SVOOJOH�BXBZ�GSPN�UIF�TDFOF�PG� UIF�DSJNF � Yes, in real life, I’ve seen … ~ No, in real life, I’ve never seen … Do bank robbers sometimes hide their identity during robberies by XFBSJOH�NBTLT � Yes, bank robbers … handle gentle 8IBUǽT�UIJT � It’s the door handle 8IBU�LJOE�PG�PCKFDUT�NVTU�CF�IBOEMFE�WFSZ�HFOUMZ�XIFO�XF�UPVDI�UIFN The kind of objects that … are things such as wine glasses, eggs etc. 8IBU�EP�XF�NFBO�CZ�B�QFSTPO�XJUI�B�HFOUMF�OBUVSF � � By a person …, we mean someone who behaves in a calm and kind manner with other people 8IBU�EP�XF�NFBO�CZ�B�HFOUMF�XJOE � By a …, we mean a wind that is not at all strong 738 %P�ZPV�LOPX�IPX�UP�IBOEMF�B�HVO � Yes, I know how … ~ No, I don’t know how … 8IBUǽT�UIF�CFTU�XBZ�UP�IBOEMF�B�IPSTF � The best way … is gently, without moving quickly or suddenly hand-in-hand arm-in-arm custom girlfriend boyfriend 8IBU�EP�XF�NFBO�CZ�ǿXBMLJOH�IBOE�JO�IBOEǿ � � � � By “walking hand-in-hand“, we mean two people holding each other’s hand as they walk *T�JU�UIF�DVTUPN�JO�ZPVS�DPVOUSZ�GPS�QFPQMF�UP�XBML�BSN�JO�BSN�XJUI�UIFJS� HJSMGSJFOE�PS�CPZGSJFOE � Yes, it’s the custom … ~ No, it isn’t the custom … enable instruction booklet %PFT�UIF�BCJMJUZ�UP�TQFBL�TFWFSBM�MBOHVBHFT�FOBCMF�B�QFSTPO�UP�ʝOE�B� HPPE�KPC�NPSF�FBTJMZ � Yes, the ability to … 8IZ�EP�UIFZ�JODMVEF�JOTUSVDUJPO�CPPLMFUT�XJUI�OFX�QSPEVDUT�MJLF� UFMFWJTJPOT�BOE�NJDSPXBWFT � They include … to enable users to understand how they work and what they can do tender tough lovingly 8IJDI�JT�FBTJFS�UP�FBU��UFOEFS�NFBU�PS�UPVHI�NFBU � Tender meat is … Name a tough metal, please. Steel is a tough metal *O�UIF�TFOUFODF�ǿ5IF�NPUIFS�QVU�IFS�IBOE�UFOEFSMZ�PO�IFS�DIJMEǽT�IFBEǿ � XIBU�EPFT�UIF�XPSE�ǿUFOEFSMZǿ�NFBO � In the sentence “The mother …“, the word “tenderly“ means “gently and lovingly“ 739 Idiom 34 DBOǽU�NBLF�IFBE�PS�UBJM�PG�JU���can’t understand it at all e.g. I can’t make head or tail of this email I got from John this morning. I don’t know whether he means he is coming tomorrow or not.8IBU�EPFT�UIF�JEJPN�ǿDBOǽU�NBLF�IFBE�PS�UBJM�PG�JUǿ�NFBO The idiom … “can’t understand it at all“ (JWF�NF�BO�FYBNQMF �QMFBTF�� These instructions that came with the machine are so complicated that I can’t make head or tail of them Dictation 89 He used to be in control/ of the largest printing press in the country./ Another step/ and the child would have stepped/ right off the table/ and fallen onto the floor./ After a bill has been passed by parliament,/ it becomes an act./ My uncle was always talking with pride/ about his many adventures abroad/ as a young man./ I was introduced to the seller,/ gave the car a trial run,/ and found it was working all right./ Although he was a strong swimmer,/ he was carried out to sea/ by the tide./ He hunted for his wallet/ but couldn’t find it. 740 LESSON 134 Giving/asking for opinions in my view from my point of view if you ask me as far as I’m concerned There are various expressions we can use to give an opinion in English. We already know “I’d say”, but some other expressions are “in my opinion”, “in my view”, “from my point of view”, “if you ask me”, “as far as I’m concerned” etc. Of course, we can also use these expressions to ask for opinions. 5FMM�NF�TPNF�PG�UIF�FYQSFTTJPOT�XF�DBO�VTF�UP�HJWF�TPNFPOF�PVS�PQJOJPO� in English. Some of the expressions … are “in my opinion”, “in my view”, “from my point of view”, “if you ask me”, “as far as I’m concerned” etc. (JWF�NF�BO�FYBNQMF �QMFBTF�� If you ask me, he’s the best footballer in this country *O�ZPVS�WJFX �TIPVME�DIJMESFO�CF�BMMPXFE�UP�HP�UP�CFE�XIFOFWFS�UIFZ� XBOU � Yes, in my view, children … ~ No, in my view, children … 'SPN�ZPVS�QPJOU�PG�WJFX �JT�JU�CFUUFS�UP�MJWF�JO�B�CJH�DJUZ�PS�JO�UIF� DPVOUSZTJEF � From my point of view, … 8IBU�XPVME�ZPV�TBZ�XBT�UIF�CFTU�XBZ�UP�MPTF�XFJHIU � � � I’d say the best way … "T�GBS�BT�ZPVǽSF�DPODFSOFE �XIJDI�DPVOUSZ�IBT�UIF�CFTU�GPPE�JO�UIF�XPSME As far as I’m concerned, … 741 clockwise anticlockwise symbol @ = at ɛ = dot 8IFO�XFǽSF�VTJOH�B�TDSFX�UP�IBOH�B�QJDUVSF�PO�B�XBMM �EP�XF�UVSO�UIF� TDSFX�DMPDLXJTF�PS�BOUJDMPDLXJTF � When we’re …, … clockwise 8IBU�EP�XF�DBMM�UIF�TZNCPM�VTFE�JO�FNBJM�BEESFTTFT�UIBU�MPPLT�MJLF�B� MPXFS�DBTF�MFUUFS�ǿBǿ�XJUI�B�UBJM�HPJOH�BSPVOE�JU�BOUJDMPDLXJTF We call … the “at” sign 8IBUǽT�UIF�FNBJM�BEESFTT�GPS�UIJT�TDIPPM � The email address … inquire (or enquire) inquiry (or enquiry) 8IFSF�EP�XF�HP�UP�FORVJSF�BCPVU�USBJO�UJNFT�BU�UIF�TUBUJPO We go to the enquiry office to … 8IFO�B�NFNCFS�PG�UIF�QVCMJD�JT�LJMMFE�CZ�B�QPMJDF�PGʝDFS �EP�ZPV�UIJOL� UIFSF�PVHIU�UP�CF�BO�PGʝDJBM�JORVJSZ�JOUP�UIF�EFBUI � Yes, when a …, I think … ~ No, when a …, I don’t think … escape prisoner *G�ZPV�IBE�CFFO�B�QSJTPOFS�EVSJOH�UIF�MBTU�XPSME�XBS �XPVME�ZPV�IBWF� USJFE�UP�FTDBQF � Yes, if I’d been …, I’d have tried … ~ No, if I’d been …, I wouldn’t have tried … regret *T�UIFSF�BOZUIJOH�ZPV�SFHSFU�IBWJOH�EPOF�PS�OPU�IBWJOH�EPOF�JO�ZPVS�MJGF Yes, there’s something … ~ No, there isn’t anything … 8IBU �8IZ wipe forehead towel 8IBU�BN�*�EPJOH � You’re wiping your forehead with the back of your hand 742 743 "GUFS�XBTIJOH �XIBU�EP�XF�XJQF�PVS�IBOET�BOE�GBDF�PO � After washing, we … a towel interest shares 8IFO�XF�CVZ�BO�JOUFSFTU�JO�B�CVTJOFTT �XIBU�BSF�UIF�EPDVNFOUT�UIBU�XF� CVZ�DBMMFE � When we buy …, the documents that we buy are called “shares“ *T�JU�JO�ZPVS�PXO�JOUFSFTU�UP�XFBS�B�TFBU�CFMU�JO�B�DBS �� � Yes, it’s in my own … Changing the letter “y” to “i” tidiness One useful spelling rule to remember is that when a word ends in the letter “y“ with a consonant before it, we change the “y“ to “i“ when adding a suffix. For example, “study – studied“. The exception to this rule is when we add the suffix “-ing“. In this case, the “y“ does not change. For example, “study – studying“. 8IBU�IBQQFOT�XIFO�XF�BEE�B�TVGʝY�UP�B�XPSE�FOEJOH�JO�UIF�MFUUFS�ǿZǿ� XJUI�B�DPOTPOBOU�CFGPSF�JU � When we add …, we change the “y“ to “i“ 4QFMM�UIF�XPSE�ǿCBCJFTǿ �QMFBTF�� b – a – b – i – e – s 4QFMM�UIF�XPSE�ǿUJEJOFTTǿ �QMFBTF�� t – i – d – i – n – e – s – s 8IBU�JT�UIF�FYDFQUJPO�UP�UIJT�SVMF � The exception … the suffix “ing“ 4QFMM�UIF�XPSE�ǿDBSSZJOHǿ �QMFBTF�� c – a – r – r – y – i – n – g If a word ends in the letter “y“ with a vowel before it, the “y“ does not change to “i“ when we add a suffix. For example, “delay – delays“. 8IBU�IBQQFOT�XIFO�XF�BEE�B�TVGʝY�UP�B�XPSE�FOEJOH�JO�UIF�MFUUFS�ǿZǿ� XJUI�B�WPXFM�CFGPSF�JU � When we add …, we do not change the “y“ to “i“ 4QFMM�UIF�XPSE�ǿKPVSOFZTǿ �QMFBTF�� j – o – u – r – n – e – y – s 744 preferable *O�B�CJH�DJUZ�MJLF�-POEPO�PS�1BSJT �JT�JU�QSFGFSBCMF�GPS�NPTU�QFPQMF�UP�ESJWF�B� DBS�FWFSZ�EBZ�PS�VTF�QVCMJD�USBOTQPSU � In a big …, it’s preferable for … largely quality Do you think that success in life (like making a lot of money) is largely a NBUUFS�PG�MVDL �PS�EP�ZPV�UIJOL�DFSUBJO�RVBMJUJFT�BSF�SFRVJSFE�XIJDI�BSF� NPSF�JNQPSUBOU�UIBO�MVDL I think that ... ~ I don’t think that ...; I think ... may as well might as well We use the expressions “may as well“ or “might as well“ when we are suggesting something, not because we think it is a great idea but because we cannot think of anything better to do. For example, if we say “We may as well go home now“, it means that we are suggesting going home only because we cannot think of a better alternative. 8IFO�EP�XF�VTF�UIF�FYQSFTTJPOT�ǿNBZ�BT�XFMMǿ�PS�ǿNJHIU�BT�XFMMǿ � We use the expressions “may as well“ or “might as well“ when we are suggesting something, not because we think it is a great idea but because we cannot think of anything better to do (JWF�NF�BO�FYBNQMF �QMFBTF�� It’s raining and cold outside. We may (or might) as well stay at home and watch a film on TV on account of *G�ZPV�IBE�CPVHIU�B�UJDLFU�GPS�B�NVTJD�GFTUJWBM�CVU�UIFO�UIF�FWFOU�XBT� DBODFMMFE�BU�UIF�MBTU�NPNFOU�PO�BDDPVOU�PG�CBE�XFBUIFS �EP�ZPV�UIJOL� ZPVǽE�CF�BCMF�UP�HFU�B�SFGVOE � Yes, if I had bought…, I think I’d … ~ No, if I had bought…, I don’t think I’d … energetic After eating your lunch each day, do you generally feel more energetic or MFTT�FOFSHFUJD � After eating …, I generally … 745 breath breathe out of breath through 8IBU�BN�*�EPJOH � You’re breathing "OE�XIBU�DPNFT�PVU�PG�PVS�NPVUIT�XIFO�XF�CSFBUIF � Breath comes … )PX�MPOH�DBO�ZPV�IPME�ZPVS�CSFBUI�GPS � I can hold my ... )PX�EP�QFPQMF�HFU�PVU�PG�CSFBUI � � � People get out of breath through running, climbing the stairs etc. Idiom 35 MVDLZ�CSFBL���a piece of good luck, usually following a period of little or no success e.g. For several months I couldn’t find any work, but then I had a lucky break: a man I met at a party offered me a job. 8IBU�EPFT�UIF�JEJPN�ǿMVDLZ�CSFBLǿ�NFBO � The idiom ... “a piece of ...“ (JWF�NF�BO�FYBNQMF �QMFBTF��� We had to hitchhike, but no one stopped for us all morning. Then we had a lucky break: someone picked us up and took us all the way to the city. clothing Dictation 90 On the whole,/ we speak English rather well now./ My account is almost empty./ I’ve spent all my money/ on clothing for the holiday./ The eastern states of North America/ were settled by the Europeans/ before the western states./ If we need to draw out money/ when the banks are closed,/ it’s necessary to use a cash machine./ We had all expected/ the temple to be damaged/ by the violent storms./ I’m afraid that our opinions/ differ too greatly./ These shoes are not the same size./ Which navy has the best ships? Do Revision Exercise 60 746 LESSON 135 Present perfect continuous: evidence of recent activity As we already know, we can use the perfect continuous tenses to communicate the duration of an action up to a particular point. Forexample, “I have been working for one hour so far“. In addition, we can use the present perfect continuous when there is evidence now of a recent activity. For example, “Look at Lucy’s eyes; I think she’s been crying“ or “The road’s wet. It’s been raining“. (JWF�NF�BO�FYBNQMF�PG�UIF�QSFTFOU�QFSGFDU�DPOUJOVPVT�VTFE�XIFO�UIFSFǽT� FWJEFODF�OPX�PG�B�SFDFOU�BDUJWJUZ�� Look at David; he’s covered in mud. I think he’s been working in his garden. )PX�DBO�XF�UFMM�XIFO�TPNFCPEZǽT�CFFO�SVOOJOH�B�MPU �� We can tell … because they’re breathing heavily 8IFO�XF�BSSJWF�BU�TPNFPOFǽT�IPVTF �IPX�DBO�XF�UFMM�JG�UIFZǽWF�SFDFOUMZ� CFFO�DPPLJOH � When we …, we can tell … because we can smell the food We can use the past perfect continuous in the same way. For example, “When I arrived at David’s house last night, I could tell he had been cooking“. (JWF�NF�BO�FYBNQMF�PG�UIF�QBTU�QFSGFDU�DPOUJOVPVT�VTFE�JO�UIF�TBNF�XBZ � please. When I walked into the living room, both the children looked really angry. It was clear they had been arguing. to take into account tip When considering the price of a meal in a restaurant, do you take into BDDPVOU�TVDI�UIJOHT�BT�UIF�TFSWJDF�DIBSHF�BOE�UIF�XBJUFSǽT�UJQ Yes, when considering ... ~ No, when considering ... 8IBU�QBSU�PG�NZ�ʝOHFS�JT�UIJT � That’s the tip of your finger 747 748 When we are trying to think of a word or a name that we know well but we cannot remember it immediately, we say it’s on the tip of our tongue. 8IBU�EP�XF�TBZ�XIFO�XF�BSF�USZJOH�UP�UIJOL�PG�B�XPSE�PS�B�OBNF�UIBU�XF� LOPX�XFMM �CVU�XF�DBOOPU�SFNFNCFS�JU�JNNFEJBUFMZ � When we are trying ... we say it’s on the tip of our tongue make up your mind 8IFO�ZPVǽSF�CVZJOH�TPNFUIJOH�MJLF�B�OFX�QIPOF�PS�XBUDI �EP�ZPV�IBWF� USPVCMF�NBLJOH�VQ�ZPVS�NJOE�XIJDI�POF�UP�CVZ � Yes, when I’m buying …, I have … ~ No, when I’m buying …, I don’t have … delicate 8IBU�XPVME�IBQQFO�JG�ZPV�XBTIFE�TPNF�EFMJDBUF�DMPUIFT�JO�B�XBTIJOH� NBDIJOF�BU�B�IJHI�UFNQFSBUVSF If I …, they would get damaged or become smaller observe observation %P�QFPQMF�CFIBWF�EJGGFSFOUMZ�GSPN�IPX�UIFZ�OPSNBMMZ�EP�XIFO�UIFZ� UIJOL�UIFZǽSF�OPU�CFJOH�PCTFSWFE�CZ�PUIFST � Yes, people behave … ~ No, people don’t behave … 8IZ�EP�ZPV�UIJOL�UIJT�JT � I think this is because … %PFT�B�EFUFDUJWF�OFFE�UP�IBWF�HPPE�QPXFST�PG�PCTFSWBUJPO � Yes, a detective needs … historic %P�ZPV�UIJOL�JUǽT�SJHIU�GPS�HPWFSONFOUT�UP�TQFOE�QVCMJD�NPOFZ�PO� QSFTFSWJOH�IJTUPSJD�CVJMEJOHT �PS�EP�ZPV�UIJOL�QVCMJD�NPOFZ�TIPVME�CF� TQFOU�JO�PUIFS�XBZT � I think … paw claw 8IBUǽT�B�QBX � A paw is the foot of an animal which has claws, like that of a cat, a dog, a lion etc ... 749 wooden hut woollen silken golden A wooden hut is a hut made of wood; a woollen hat is a hat made of wool; a silk dress is a dress made of silk, whereas silken hair is hair which is soft and smooth like silk; a gold watch is a watch made of gold, whereas golden is hair that looks like gold in colour. 8IBUǽT�B�XPPEFO�IVU � A wooden … made of wood 8IBUǽT�B�XPPMMFO�IBU � A woollen … made of wool 8IBUǽT�B�TJML�ESFTT � A silk … made of silk 8IBUǽT�TJMLFO�IBJS �� Silken … like silk 8IBUǽT�B�HPME�XBUDI � A gold … made of gold 8IBUǽT�HPMEFO�TLJO � Golden … looks like gold in colour every other day %P�ZPV�IBWF�&OHMJTI�MFTTPOT�FWFSZ�EBZ�PS�FWFSZ�PUIFS�EBZ �� � I have English … assist assistant pushchair *G�ZPV�OPUJDFE�TPNFCPEZ�TUSVHHMJOH�UP�HFU�B�QVTIDIBJS�POUP�B�CVT �XPVME� ZPV�BTTJTU�UIFN � Yes, if I noticed …, I’d ... ~ No, if I noticed …, I wouldn’t ... 8PVME�ZPV�TBZ�UIF�TIPQ�BTTJTUBOUT�JO�UIJT�DPVOUSZ�XFSF�SFBTPOBCMZ�QPMJUF� BOE�IFMQGVM � Yes, I’d say … ~ No, I wouldn’t say … otherwise engaged *G�TPNFPOF�DBMMFE�ZPV�PO�ZPVS�NPCJMF�BOE�ZPV�XFSF�PUIFSXJTF�FOHBHFE� XJUI�TPNFUIJOH�JNQPSUBOU �XPVME�ZPV�UBLF�UIF�DBMM Yes, if someone …, I’d … ~ No, if someone …, I wouldn’t … *G�B�DBS�IBE�POF�CSPLFO�XJOEPX�CVU�PUIFSXJTF�XBT�JO�HPPE�DPOEJUJPO � XPVME�ZPV�CVZ�JU � Yes, if a car …, I’d ... ~ No, if a car …, I wouldn’t ... 750 perform performance trick magic *G�ZPV�IBE�UP�QFSGPSN�JO�B�QMBZ �XIBU�LJOE�PG�QBSU�XPVME�ZPV�MJLF�UP� QFSGPSN � If I had to perform …, I’d like to … $BO�ZPV�QFSGPSN�BOZ�NBHJD�USJDLT � Yes, I can … ~ No, I can’t … /BNF�BO�BDUPS�XIP�ZPV�UIJOL�BMXBZT�HJWFT�HPPE�QFSGPSNBODFT�JO�ʝMNT�� An actor who I think … is … envy envious celebrity fame 8IBU�LJOE�PG�QFPQMF�EP�ZPV�FOWZ � I envy … "SF�ZPV�FOWJPVT�PG�UIF�GBNF�UIBU�DFMFCSJUJFT�IBWF � Yes, I’m envious of … ~ No, I’m not envious of … advice (n) advise (v) practice (n) practise (v) licence (n) license (v) 8IBUǽT�UIF�EJGGFSFODF�CFUXFFO�ǿBEWJDFǿ�BOE�ǿBEWJTFǿ The difference … “advice“ is a noun, whereas “advise“ is a verb 8IBUǽT�UIF�EJGGFSFODF�JO�TQFMMJOH�CFUXFFO�UIF�OPVO�ǿQSBDUJDFǿ�BOE�UIF� WFSC�ǿQSBDUJTFǿ � The difference … the noun is spelt “-ce“, whereas the verb is spelt “-se“ "OE�XIBUǽT�UIF�EJGGFSFODF�CFUXFFO�UIF�OPVO�ǿMJDFODFǿ�BOE�UIF�WFSC� ǿMJDFOTFǿ � The difference … the same; the noun is spelt “-ce“, whereas the verb is spelt “-se“ record (n) �ʰUHNɅ�G� record (v) �UɛʰNɅ�G� 8IBUǽT�UIF�EJGGFSFODF�CFUXFFO�UIF�XPSET�ǿSFDPSEǿ� O �BOE�ǿSFDPSEǿ� W The difference … is that “record“ is a noun, whereas “record“ is a verb 751 $BO�ZPV�UIJOL�PG�BOZ�TQPSUJOH�SFDPSE�UIBU�IBT�CFFO�CSPLFO�SFDFOUMZ Yes, I can think … ~ No, I can’t think … 8IJDI )BWF�ZPV�FWFS�SFDPSEFE�ZPVS�PXO�WPJDF �� � � Yes, I’ve recorded … ~ No, I’ve never recorded … 8IBU�EJE�JU�TPVOE�MJLF � It sounded … scatter plant row disorderly 8IZ�EP�GBSNFST�TPNFUJNFT�QMBOU�TFFET�DBSFGVMMZ�JO�UIF�HSPVOE�JO�SPXT� SBUIFS�UIBO�KVTU�TDBUUFS�UIFN�PO�UIF�MBOE �� Farmers sometimes … to prevent birds from eating them, or the wind from blowing them away 8IZ�EPFT�B�EJTPSEFSMZ�DSPXE�PG�QFPQMF�TDBUUFS�XIFO�UIF�QPMJDF�BSSJWF A disorderly crowd of people scatters when the police arrive because the people are afraid of being arrested or hit by the police etc. tap turn on 8IBU�BN�*�EPJOH � You’re tapping your fingers on the table *O�XIJDI�EJSFDUJPO�EPFT�POF�OPSNBMMZ�UVSO�B�XBUFS�UBQ�PO One normally turns a water tap on in an anticlockwise direction pollution polluted *T�QPMMVUJPO�B�NPSF�TFSJPVT�QSPCMFN�OPX�UIBO�JU�XBT�B�IVOESFE�ZFBST�BHP Yes, pollution is … "SF�NPTU�PG�UIF�SJWFST�JO�UIJT�DPVOUSZ�IFBWJMZ�QPMMVUFE � � � Yes, most of the rivers … ~ No, most of the rivers … 752 753 Idiom 36 HFU� IPME�PG �UIF�XSPOH�FOE�PG�UIF�TUJDL���understand something wrongly e.g. No, you’ve got (hold of) the wrong end of the stick. I meant next Wednesday, not this Wednesday! 8IBU�EPFT�UIF�JEJPN�ǿHFU� IPME�PG �UIF�XSPOH�FOE�PG�UIF�TUJDLǿ�NFBO The idiom … “understand something wrongly“ (JWF�NF�BO�FYBNQMF �QMFBTF�� Every time you explain anything to him, he always seems to get (hold of) the wrong end of the stick Dictation 91 It doesn’t matter/ if we occasionally make a mistake./ We were suddenly forced to stop/ by the appearance of men/ standing in front of us/ with bows and arrows./ Some of them/ had drawn back their bows/ ready to shoot at us./ The youth claimed/ that he had not stolen the goods/ but the shopkeeper would not believe him./ Last year, I paid a visit/ to the Holy Land,/ an important region/ for millions of religious believers/ around the world./ We stood on the shore/ and watched the sun go down over the lake. LESSON136 Was + infinitive with “to” “Was“ (or “were“) followed by an infinitive with “to“ expresses a future event in relation to a point in the past. For example, “I did not realize when we first started this job that it was to be so difficult“. (JWF�NF�BO�FYBNQMF�PG�ǿXBTǿ�PS�ǿXFSFǿ�GPMMPXFE�CZ�BO�JOʝOJUJWF�XJUI� ǿUPǿ�� We trusted him completely, but we were to find out laterthat he had been lying all the time slight 8IBU�EP�XF�NFBO�CZ�B�ǿTMJHIU�IFBEBDIFǿ � � � By a “slight headache“, we mean aheadache which is not very strong 8IBU�EP�XF�NFBO�CZ�B�ǿTMJHIU�EFMBZǿ � By a “slight delay“, we mean a delay which is very short 8IBU �UIFO �EPFT�UIF�XPSE�ǿTMJHIUǿ�NFBO � � � The word “slight“ means small, and usually unimportant upside down right way up 8IBU�BN�*�EPJOH � You’re turning your book upside down 8IBU�BN�*�EPJOH � You’re turning your book the right way up feather *T�JU�USVF�UIBU�CJSET�BSF�UIF�POMZ�BOJNBMT�JO�UIF�XPSME�UIBU�IBWF�GFBUIFST Yes, it’s true that … wear sleeve mend worn out exhausted 754 755 8IBUǽE�IBQQFO�JG�*�LFQU�SVCCJOH�NZ�TMFFWF�PO�UIF�FEHF�PG�UIF�UBCMF �MJLF� UIJT �� If you kept rubbing your sleeve, you’d wear a hole in your sleeve 8IBU�EP�XF�EP�XJUI�DMPUIFT�UIBU�BSF�XPSO�PVU � � We mend or throw away clothes that are worn out *G�*�UPME�ZPV�*�XBT�GFFMJOH�XPSO�PVU �XIBU�XPVME�*�NFBO � � � If you …, you’d mean you were exhausted qualification 8IJDI�EP�ZPV�UIJOLǽT�NPSF�JNQPSUBOU�GPS�ʝOEJOH�B�OFX�KPC��FYQFSJFODF�PS� RVBMJʝDBUJPOT � I think ... debt 8IBU�EPFT�JU�NFBO��ǿUP�CF�JO�EFCUǿ “To be in debt“ means that we owe somebody something, usually money *G�ZPV�EPOǽU�NBOBHF�ZPVS�DSFEJU�DBSE�BDDPVOU�QSPQFSMZ �JT�JU�FBTZ�UP�HFU� JOUP�EFCU � Yes, if you don’t …, it’s … interrupt interruption 8IBU�EP�XF�TBZ�XIFO�XF�JOUFSSVQU�TPNFPOF�XIPǽT�TQFBLJOH When we …, we say “Excuse me“ 8IBU�EP�UIFZ�TBZ�PO�UFMFWJTJPO�XIFO�UIFSFǽT�BO�JOUFSSVQUJPO When there’s an interruption on television, they say “We apologize for the interruption“ if only …! When we want to be emphatic, we can say “if only …!“ instead of “I wish …“. For example, instead of saying “I wish I could take a holiday“, we can say “If only I could take a holiday!“ Instead of “I wish I had gone to bed earlier last night“, we can say “If only I had gone to bed earlier last night!“ 8IBU�DBO�XF�TBZ�JOTUFBE�PG�ǿ*�XJTIǿ�XIFO�XF�XBOU�UP�CF�FNQIBUJD We can say “if only …!“ instead of “I wish …“ when we want to be emphatic 756 (JWF�NF�BO�FYBNQMF �QMFBTF�� I hate this job. If only I hadn’t accepted it! act capable %P�ZPV�CFMJFWF�BMM�IVNBOT�BSF�DBQBCMF�PG�BDUT�PG�HSFBU�LJOEOFTT � � Yes, I believe … ~ No, I don’t believe … 8IBUǽT�UIF�CFTU�XBZ�UP�KVEHF�B�QFSTPO��CZ�XIBU�IF�TBZT�PS�IPX�IF�BDUT The best way to ... is by ... bar lock 8IJDI�JT�IFBWJFS��B�CBS�PG�HPME�PS�B�CBS�PG�JSPO� JG �PG�DPVSTF �UIFZ�BSF�UIF� TBNF�TJ[F � A bar of gold is … 8PVME�JU�CF�IFBMUIZ�UP�FBU�B�XIPMF�CBS�PG�DIPDPMBUF�FWFSZ�EBZ No, it wouldn’t … *T�JU�GBJSMZ�DPNNPO�UP�ʝOE�CBST�PO�UIF�HSPVOE�ʞPPS�XJOEPXT�PG�IPVTFT�JO� UIJT�DPVOUSZ � Yes, it’s fairly common … ~ No, it isn’t common … 8IBU�EP�XF�NFBO�JG�XF�TBZ�UIBU�UIF�QPMJDF�IBWF�CBSSFE�B�SPBE � � If we say …, we mean they have put something across the road to prevent cars from going along it 8IZ�EP�DMVCT�BOE�QVCT�TPNFUJNFT�CBS�QBSUJDVMBS�QFPQMF�GSPN�FOUFSJOH Clubs and … because they have behaved very badly on a previous occasion cart 8IBU�EPFT�UIF�FYQSFTTJPO�ǿUP�QVU�UIF�DBSU�CFGPSF�UIF�IPSTFǿ�NFBO The expression “to put the ...“ means to do things in the wrong order (JWF�NF�BO�FYBNQMF �QMFBTF�� Learning to read and write a language before learning to speak and understand it is like putting the cart before the horse, as a language should be listened to first, then spoken, then read, and then finally written 757 deceive complain complaint *G�BO�BSU�EFBMFS�TPME�ZPV�B�QBJOUJOH�BOE�UIFO�ZPV�SFBMJ[FE�UIBU�ZPVǽE� CFFO�EFDFJWFE�BCPVU�UIF�WBMVF�PG�UIF�QBJOUJOH �XPVME�ZPV�HP�CBDL�UP�UIF� EFBMFS�BOE�DPNQMBJO � Yes, if an art dealer …, I’d go … ~ No, if an art dealer …, I wouldn’t go … Would you get complaints from your neighbours if you turned up your TV WFSZ�MPVE � Yes, I’d get … ~ No, I wouldn’t get … )BWF�ZPV�FWFS�NBEF�BO�PGʝDJBM�DPNQMBJOU � Yes, I’ve … ~ No, I’ve never … 8IP�UP ��8IBU�BCPVU either side "SF�UIFSF�TUVEFOUT�TJUUJOH�PO�FJUIFS�TJEF�PG�ZPV � Yes, there are … ~ No, there aren’t … “What” and “which” We generally use “which“ when we are considering a limited number of alternatives, whereas we use “what“ in a more unlimited sense. For example, we say “What’s your phone number?“ because there is an almost unlimited number of possibilities. However, if we have a piece of paper with some phone numbers written on it, we say “Which of these is your phone number?“ because there is a limited number of possibilities. 8IBUǽT�UIF�EJGGFSFODF�CFUXFFO�UIF�XPSET�ǿXIBUǿ�BOE�ǿXIJDIǿ The difference … is that … “which“ … limited number of alternatives, whereas … “what“ … unlimited sense (JWF�NF�BO�FYBNQMF�PG�FBDI �QMFBTF��� What’s your address? Which address should I send the letter to: your home address or your work address? faint excitement fear 8IBU�EP�QFPQMF�EP�XIFO�B�GBJOU�TNFMM�PG�CVSOJOH�SFBDIFT�UIFJS�OPTFT When a faint … reaches people’s noses, they try to find out where it’s coming from 758 8IZ�EP�QFPQMF�GBJOU � People faint because of excessive heat, excitement, fear, pain etc. happen to (JWF�NF�BO�FYBNQMF�PG�ǿIBQQFO�UPǿ �QMFBTF�� � � I happen to know several people who work for that company 8IFO�ZPV�IBQQFO�UP�TFF�TPNFPOF�ZPV�LOPX�PO�UIF�TUSFFU�CVU�JUǽT� TPNFPOF�UIBU�ZPV�EPOǽU�QBSUJDVMBSMZ�XBOU�UP�TQFBL�UP �XIBU�EP�ZPV�EP When I happen to see … want to speak to, I ... outwards inwards %PFT�ZPVS�GSPOU�EPPS�PQFO�PVUXBSET�PS�JOXBSET �� � � My front door opens … lean beneath give way 8IBU�BN�*�EPJOH � You’re leaning on the table 8IZ�EPFT�UIF�-FBOJOH�5PXFS�PG�1JTB�MFBO � The Leaning Tower of Pisa leans because the ground beneath one side has given way mankind 8IBU�EP�XF�NFBO�CZ�NBOLJOE �� � � � By mankind, we mean all the people in the world in general mate 8IBUǽT�BO�JOGPSNBM�XPSE�XF�DBO�VTF�JOTUFBE�PG�ǿGSJFOEǿ An informal … “mate“ zoo cage 8IBU�XPVME�ZPV�EP�JG�ZPV�XFSF�MPPLJOH�BU�B�UJHFS�JO�B�[PP�BOE�TVEEFOMZ� OPUJDFE�UIBU�JUT�DBHF�XBT�TMJHIUMZ�PQFO � If I was …, I’d … 759 760 monkey ape closely 8IJDI�BSF�NPSF�DMPTFMZ�SFMBUFE�UP�IVNBOT��BQFT�PS�NPOLFZT � Apes are … Idiom 37 TOBQ�EFDJTJPO���a quick decision – fast, like the snap of one’s fingers e.g. There wasn’t time to think carefully; I had to make a snap decision. 8IBU�EPFT�UIF�JEJPN�ǿTOBQ�EFDJTJPOǿ�NFBO � The idiom … “a quick …“ (JWF�NF�BO�FYBNQMF �QMFBTF�� Although it was a snap decision, it was the right one Do Revision Exercise 61 LESSON 137 “So” – and its many uses (continued) it is not so so, you have come! it so happens I told you so just (exactly) Here are some more expressions in English that contain the word “so”: 1) “He said the train had left, but it was not so.“ Here, the word “so“ means “true“. 2) “So, you’ve got a new job, I hear!“ Here, the word “so“ is used to start a conversation on a particular subject. 3) “It so happens I have just the thing you are looking for.“ Here, the expression “it so happens“ means “by chance“. 4) “I told you so! We spent too long in the restaurant, and now we’ve missed the last bus home!“ Here, the expression “I told you so“ means “This is exactly what I predicted“. $BO�ZPV�HJWF�NF�TPNF�GVSUIFS�FYBNQMFT�PG�UIF�XPSE�ǿTPǿ Some further … are 1) He said the train had … etc. melt 8IBU�EP�XF�HFU�XIFO�JDF�NFMUT � We get water when ice melts have something to do with … )BT�NZ�KPC�HPU�BOZUIJOH�UP�EP�XJUI�BSU � No, your job … 761 *G�ZPV�JOUFSGFSFE�JO�B�QSJWBUF�NBUUFS�UIBU�IBE�OPUIJOH�UP�EP�XJUI�ZPV � XIBU�NJHIU�TPNFCPEZ�TBZ�UP�ZPV � If I …, … “Mind your own business!“ pick at pick out 8IZ�EP�QFPQMF�TPNFUJNFT�QJDL�BU�UIFJS�GPPE � � � People sometimes … because they aren’t very hungry, or they don’t like the food very much%P�ZPV�ʝOE�JU�IBSE�UP�QJDL�PVU�UIF�SJHIU�DMPUIFT�UP�XFBS�XIFO�ZPVǽSF� HPJOH�UP�B�QBSUZ � Yes, I find it … ~ No, I don’t find it … regard regards greet greetings bye-bye see you Do you think most people in this country regard pollution as a serious QSPCMFN � Yes, I think most ... ~ No, I don’t think most … 8IFO�XF�XBOU�UP�TFOE�PVS�HSFFUJOHT�UP�TPNFCPEZ�UISPVHI�B�UIJSE� QFSTPO �XIBU�EP�XF�TBZ � When we want …, we say “Give my regards to …“ 8IBU�EP�XF�TBZ�XIFO�XF�HSFFU�TPNFPOF�JO�UIF�TUSFFU When we greet …, we say “Hello!“, “Good evening!“ etc. "OE�XIBU�EP�XF�TBZ�XIFO�XF�MFBWF�TPNFPOF When we leave someone, we say “Goodbye“, “Bye-bye“, “See you“, “Cheers“ etc. scent give off 8IJDI�ʞPXFS�EP�ZPV�UIJOL�HJWFT�PGG�UIF�OJDFTU�TDFOU � � � I think the … gives off the nicest scent welcome 8IBU�EPFT�TPNFCPEZ�NFBO�XIFO�UIFZ�PQFO�UIFJS�GSPOU�EPPS�BOE�TBZ� ǿ8FMDPNF�ǿ�UP�B�WJTJUPS �� When somebody …, they mean that they are happy to invite the visitor into their home 762 763 8IFO�XBT�UIF�MBTU�UJNF�ZPV�XFOU�UP�BO�BJSQPSU�UP�XFMDPNF�B�GSJFOE�PS� SFMBUJWF � The last time I … was … go right temper lose one’s temper thoughtful go bad 8IFO�UIJOHT�EPOǽU�HP�SJHIU �XIBU�EP�ZPV�EP��MPTF�ZPVS�UFNQFS �PS�KVTU� CFDPNF�WFSZ�RVJFU�BOE�UIPVHIUGVM � When things don’t go right, I … 8IBU�EP�XF�EP�XJUI�GPPE�UIBU�IBT�HPOF�CBE � We throw away food that has gone bad 8IBU�LJOE�PG�UIJOHT�QVU�ZPV�JO�B�CBE�UFNQFS � The kind of … temper are … 8PVME�ZPV�TBZ�UIBU �HFOFSBMMZ�TQFBLJOH �XPNFO�XFSF�NPSF�TXFFU� UFNQFSFE�UIBO�NFO � Yes, I’d say that … ~ No, I wouldn’t say that … by now *G�ZPV�IBE�MFGU�GPS�4DPUMBOE�UFO�IPVST�BHP �XPVME�ZPV�IBWF�BSSJWFE�UIFSF� CZ�OPX � Yes, if I’d left …, I’d … ~ No, if I’d left …, I wouldn’t … warn ahead triangle 8IBU�LJOE�PG�TJHO�EP�XF�TFF�PO�UIF�TJEF�PG�UIF�SPBE�UIBU�XBSOT�VT�UIBU� UIFSFǽT�EBOHFS�BIFBE � The kind of sign we … ahead is usually a red triangle with a picture of the danger in the middle. If, for example, there is a dangerous bend ahead, there will be a line in the shape of a dangerous bend inside the triangle. mercy *O�BODJFOU�IJTUPSZ �EJE�UIF�DPORVFSPST�PG�B�DPVOUSZ�VTVBMMZ�TIPX�NFSDZ�UP� UIF�QFPQMF�PG�UIF�DPVOUSZ�UIFZ�IBE�DPORVFSFE No, in ancient history, the conquerors … 764 desire 8IBUǽT�B�TJNJMBS�XPSE�UP�ǿXJTIǿ � A similar word to “wish“ is “desire“ %P�ZPV�IBWF�BOZ�HSFBU�EFTJSF�UP�USBWFM�BSPVOE�UIF�XPSME�BU�TPNF�QPJOU�JO� ZPVS�MJGF � Yes, I have a great … ~ No, I don’t have any great … ignore *G�ZPV�EFWFMPQFE�BO�BDIF�JO�ZPVS�MPXFS�CBDL�UIBU�XPVME�OPU�HP�BXBZ � XPVME�ZPV�JHOPSF�JU�PS�HP�UP�UIF�EPDUPS � If I developed …, I’d … upright lung organ 8IZ�JT�JU�IFBMUIJFS�UP�TJU�BOE�XBML�VQSJHIU�SBUIFS�UIBO�XJUI�POFǽT�IFBE�BOE� TIPVMEFST�CFOU�GPSXBSE � The reason it’s healthier … is that the lungs and other organs of the body are not pressed against each other, and, with an upright back, the blood moves more freely in the body and the person feels less tired seldom 8IBUǽT�BOPUIFS�XPSE�GPS�ǿSBSFMZǿ �� Another word … 8IBUǽT�UIF�EJGGFSFODF�CFUXFFO�ǿTFMEPNǿ�BOE�ǿSBSFMZǿ � The difference between “seldom“ and “rarely“ is that “seldom“ is a more formal word than “rarely“ %PFT�JU�PGUFO�SBJO�JO�UIF�TPVUI�PG�4QBJO �� No, it doesn’t …; it seldom rains ... work out 8PSL�PVU�UIJT�QSPCMFN �QMFBTF��XIBU�HFUT�XFUUFS�XIJMF�JUǽT�ESZJOH The answer is “a towel“ 8IBU�BSF�ZPV�EPJOH � I’m working out a problem 765 confusion electrical %P�ZPV�BHSFF�UIBU�UIF�JOTUSVDUJPO�CPPLMFUT�UIBU�DPNF�XJUI�FMFDUSJDBM� products sometimes contain so much detail that they simply cause DPOGVTJPO � Yes, I agree that … ~ No, I don’t agree that … advance step by step progress in advance in arrears 8IZ�JT�JU�CFUUFS�UP�BEWBODF�TUFQ�CZ�TUFQ�XIFO�MFBSOJOH�B�GPSFJHO�MBOHVBHF� SBUIFS�UIBO�USZ�UP�QSPHSFTT�UPP�RVJDLMZ � The reason it’s better to advance … too quickly is that it’s impossible to absorb high-level language unless you can use language from lower levels easily and without thinking %P�BEWBODFT�JO�TDJFODF�NFBO�UIBU�NPSF�QFPQMF�BSF�MJWJOH�MPOHFS�UIFTF� EBZT�UIBO�FWFS�CFGPSF � Yes, advances in … 8IFO�QFPQMF�XPSL �BSF�UIFZ�OPSNBMMZ�QBJE�JO�BEWBODF�PS�JO�BSSFBST When people work, … in arrears cuff preparation Idiom 38 PGG�UIF�DVGG���without preparation e.g. In answer to my question about prices, he was only able to give me a rough idea off the cuff, but said he would email me a full and proper answer the following day. 8IBU�EPFT�UIF�JEJPN�ǿPGG�UIF�DVGGǿ�NFBO � The idiom … “without preparation“ (JWF�NF�BO�FYBNQMF �QMFBTF�� He gave his wedding speech off the cuff because he hadn’t had any time to prepare properly 766 )BWF�ZPV�FWFS�IBE�UP�NBLF�B�TQFFDI�PGG�UIF�DVGG �� � � Yes, I’ve had to … ~ No, I’ve never had to … valley injustice Dictation 92 The chickens/ have not laid a single egg/ for an entire week./ The soldiers behaved with great courage/ and fought well,/ but still they lost the battle./ He had the choice/ of either entering the government/ and becoming some kind of official/ or of entering the church/ and becoming a priest./ The village looked very pretty/ lying in the valley/ in the morning sunshine./ It is not uncommon/ in big cities/ to find people on the street/ preaching against social injustices./ Some people find travelling/ a stressful experience. 767 LESSON 138 bite – bit – bitten 8IBU�BN�*�EPJOH �� You’re biting your finger 8IBU�BSF�UIF�UISFF�GPSNT�PG�ǿCJUFǿ The three forms of “bite“ are “bite, bit, bitten“ bare weapon barely "SF�NZ�IBOET�DPWFSFE � No, your hands ...; they’re bare *T�JU�QPTTJCMF�UP�LJMM�B�NBO�XJUI�POFǽT�CBSF�IBOET��UIBU�JT �XJUIPVU�VTJOH�B� XFBQPO�PG�BOZ�LJOE � Yes, it’s possible to ... 8IFO�ZPV�HP�PO�IPMJEBZ �EP�ZPV�UBLF�B�MPU�PG�DMPUIFT�XJUI�ZPV �PS�KVTU�UIF� CBSF�NJOJNVN � When I go …, I … 8IBU�EP�XF�NFBO�XIFO�XF�TBZ�ǿ8F�CBSFMZ�IBE�UJNF�UP�FBUǿ When we say “We barely …“, we mean we only just had time to eat go back come back go in come in return enter descend overcome go down come down Sometimes it can be difficult to know when to use the verb “go back“ and when to use “come back“, or when to use “go in“ and when to use “come in“. Some students have a similar confusion with the words “bring“ and “take“. The problem exists because, with these verbs, the correct choice depends mainly on where the speaker is at the time. For example, if, at the time of speaking, I was at the school, I would say “After the lesson tomorrow, I’ll go back home“, whereas if I were at home, I would say “After the lesson tomorrow, I’ll come back home“. 768 769 If you really cannot decide which verb to use, one way to overcome the problem is to use the verb “return“ instead of “go back“ or “come back“, and the verb “enter“ instead of “go in“ or “come in“. However, “return“ and “enter“ are quite formal words in English, so only do this if you feel you have to. 8IBUǽT�UIF�EJGʝDVMUZ�XJUI�UIF�XPSET�ǿHP�CBDLǿ�BOE�ǿDPNF�CBDLǿ �BOE�ǿHP� JOǿ�BOE�ǿDPNF�JOǿ � The difficulty with … is that the correct choice of verb depends mainly on … 8IBUǽT�POF�XBZ�UP�PWFSDPNF�UIF�QSPCMFN � One way … is by using “return“ instead of “go back“ or “come back“, and “enter“ instead of “go in“ or “come in“ The same difficulty exists with the verbs “go down“ and “come down“, so you can use “descend“ instead. However, remember that using the word “descend“ sounds quite formal in English. 8IBU�XPSE�DBO�XF�VTF�JOTUFBE�PG�ǿHP�EPXOǿ�PS�ǿDPNF�EPXOǿ We can use the word “descend“ instead of … case barrister 8IBU�EP�XF�DBMM�UIF�UZQF�PG�MBXZFS�XIP�ʝHIUT�DBTFT�JO�B�MBX�DPVSU � We call … a barrister (just) in case risk run a risk The expression “in case“, or “just in case“, means “in preparation for thepossibility that …“. For example, if we say “Here is my phone number in case you need to call me“, we mean “in preparation for the possibility that you need to call me“. If you need to call, you will already be prepared because you will have my number. 8IBU�EPFT�UIF�FYQSFTTJPO�ǿJO�DBTFǿ�NFBO � The expression “in case“ means “in preparation for the possibility that …“ (JWF�NF�BO�FYBNQMF �QMFBTF�� I left home early in case there were any transport problems 770 Do you carry an umbrella in case it rains, or are you the kind of person XIP�QSFGFST�UP�SVO�UIF�SJTL�PG�JU�SBJOJOH � I carry … ~ No, I don’t carry …; I’m the kind of … The expression “just in case“ can be used at the end of a sentence if it is obvious what we mean. For example, “Here’s my mobile number, just in case“ obviously means “Here’s my mobile number in case you need to call me“. (JWF�NF�BO�FYBNQMF�PG�ǿKVTU�JO�DBTFǿ�VTFE�BU�UIF�FOE�PG�B�TFOUFODF � please. I was sure there was enough petrol in the car but I put in some more, just in case Do not confuse the expression “in case“ with the expression “in case of“. We use “in case of“ with the meaning of “if and when something happens“. For example, “In case of fire, leave the building immediately“ means “If and when there is a fire, leave the building immediately“. (JWF�NF�BO�FYBNQMF�PG�UIF�FYQSFTTJPO�ǿJO�DBTF�PGǿ �QMFBTF� In case of any problems, please contact me immediately excuse (v) �ɛNʰVNMX�]� excuse (n) �ɛNʰVNMX�V� 8IBUǽT�UIF�EJGGFSFODF�CFUXFFO�ǿFYDVTFǿ� W �BOE�ǿFYDVTFǿ� O The difference … is that “excuse“ is the verb, whilst “excuse“ is the noun waist waistcoat 8IBU�QBSU�PG�UIF�CPEZ�JT�UIJT � That part of the body is the waist 8IBU�EPFT�B�UISFF�QJFDF�TVJU�DPOTJTU�PG � A three-piece suit consists of trousers, a jacket and a waistcoat fancy 8IBU�EPFT�TPNFCPEZ�NFBO�JG�UIFZ�TBZ�UIBU�UIFZ�EPOǽU�MJLF�GBODZ�GPPE If somebody says that they don’t like fancy food, they mean that they don’t like complicated food; they prefer simple food 771 8IBU�EP�ZPV�GBODZ�GPS�ZPVS�EJOOFS�UIJT�FWFOJOH��UIBU�JT �XIBUǽE�ZPV�MJLF�UP� IBWF � I fancy … for my dinner this evening 5FMM�NF�UIF�OBNF�PG�TPNFCPEZ�GBNPVT�XIP�ZPV�GBODZ�� I fancy … pint gallon litre 0.5683 litres = 1 pint 8 pints = 1 gallon )PX�NBOZ�MJUSFT�NBLF�B�QJOU � 0.5683 litres make a pint )PX�NBOZ�QJOUT�NBLF�B�HBMMPO � 8 pints make a gallon jealous jealousy go out with *G�TPNFCPEZ�ZPV�GBODJFE�TUBSUFE�HPJOH�PVU�XJUI�B�GSJFOE�PG�ZPVST �XPVME� ZPV�GFFM�KFBMPVT �PS�XPVME�ZPV�KVTU�CF�IBQQZ�GPS�ZPVS�GSJFOE � If somebody …, I’d … 8IBUǽT�UIF�OPVO�PG�UIF�BEKFDUJWF�ǿKFBMPVTǿ The noun ... is “jealousy“ fortune fortunate international %P�UPQ�JOUFSOBUJPOBM�TQPSUTNFO�FBSO�B�GPSUVOF � Yes, top international sportsmen earn … 8IBUǽT�BOPUIFS�NFBOJOH�PG�UIF�XPSE�ǿGPSUVOFǿ �� � Another meaning … is “luck“ *G�ZPV�XFSF�GPSUVOBUF�FOPVHI�UP�XJO�c��NJMMJPO�JO�UIF�MPUUFSZ �IPX�NVDI� PG�JU�XPVME�ZPV�HJWF�UP�UIF�PUIFS�NFNCFST�PG�ZPVS�GBNJMZ � If I were …, I’d give … mine miner 8IBU�EP�XF�DBMM�B�NBO�XIP�XPSLT�JO�B�NJOF � � � We call a man who works in a mine a miner tend %P�ZPV�UFOE�UP�FBU�UPP�NVDI�XIFO�ZPV�HP�PO�IPMJEBZ � � � � Yes, I tend … ~ No, I don’t tend … 772 content (n) �ʰNɃQWHQW� content (v or adj) �NɊQʰWHQW� 8IBUǽT�UIF�EJGGFSFODF�CFUXFFO�UIF�XPSET�ǿconUFOUǿ� O �BOE�ǿDPOtentǿ� W� PS�BEK The difference … “content“ is a noun, whereas content“ is a verb or adjective *T�JU�OPSNBM�GPS�QBTTFOHFST�UP�IBWF�UIF�contents of their bags checked at BJSQPSUT � Yes, it’s normal for … Are you content�XJUI�ZPVS�MJGF�BU�UIF�NPNFOU Yes, I’m … ~ No, I’m not … witness )BWF�ZPV�FWFS�XJUOFTTFE�BO�BDDJEFOU�PS�B�DSJNF � �Yes, I’ve witnessed … ~ No, I’ve never witnessed … Idiom 39 JO�B�OVUTIFMM���briefly; in a few words e.g. I won’t give you a long, detailed explanation but, in a nutshell, I couldn’t do the job. 8IBU�EPFT�UIF�JEJPN�ǿJO�B�OVUTIFMMǿ�NFBO � The idiom … “briefly …“ (JWF�NF�BO�FYBNQMF �QMFBTF�� To put it in a nutshell, the answer is “no“ Dictation 93 As a rule,/ I do not waste a lot of time/ worrying about unimportant details./ Last night,/ there was a terrible storm/ and the surface of the sea/ looked like/ a mass of hills and valleys./ There has been a wonderful improvement/ in his health/ and he is now beginning/ to enjoy life again./ Wisdom usually comes with experience./ Although he objected,/ he was still defeated./ I do not mind you smoking/ while I am eating./ We switched on the light/ and found that all the Christmas gifts/ had been stolen from under the tree. Do Revision Exercise 62 773 774 LESSON 139 rid get rid of 8IBUǽT�UIF�CFTU�XBZ�UP�SJE�PVSTFMWFT�PG�TPNFPOF�XIPǽT�DBVTJOH�VT� USPVCMF � The best way to … is … 8IBUǽE�*�FYQFDU�ZPV�UP�EP�JG�*�UPME�ZPV�UP�HFU�SJE�PG�UIBU�QFO If you told me …, you’d expect me to throw it away above all (JWF�NF�B�TFOUFODF�XJUI�UIF�XPSET�ǿBCPWF�BMMǿ�JO�JU �QMFBTF� Don’t forget we need plenty of paper, pencils and rulers for the exam, but above all, we need pens sharp blunt sharpen grind – ground – ground flour wheat 8IBU�EP�XF�NFBO�CZ�B�TIBSQ�LOJGF � By a sharp knife, we mean one which has an edge that cuts well 8IBUǽT�UIF�PQQPTJUF�PG�ǿTIBSQȀ � The opposite … “blunt” )PX�EP�XF�TIBSQFO�B�CMVOU�BYF � We sharpen … by grinding it on a stone 8IBU�JT�ʞPVS � Flour is wheat or corn that has been ground into a powder harm harmful harmless creature %P�ZPV�UIJOL�ZPV�TIPVME�CF�BMMPXFE�UP�EP�XIBUFWFS�ZPV�XBOU�JG�JU�EPFTOǽU� IBSN�BOZCPEZ�FMTF � Yes, I think … 8IJDI�EP�ZPV�UIJOLǽT�UIF�NPTU�IBSNGVM�DSFBUVSF�PO�FBSUI I think … is the most … 775 776 "OE�XIJDI�EP�ZPV�UIJOLǽT�UIF�NPTU�IBSNMFTT � I think … is the most … *G�ZPV�BUF�TPNF�WFHFUBCMFT�TUSBJHIU�GSPN�UIF�HBSEFO�XJUIPVU�XBTIJOH� UIFN�ʝSTU �EP�ZPV�UIJOL�JU�XPVME�EP�ZPV�BOZ�IBSN � Yes, if I ate …, I think … ~ No, if I ate …, I don’t think … Questions without the question form Who helped you? When asking a question in English, we do not always use the question form. However, this is only when a question word, such as “who“, “what“ or “which“, is the subject in the sentence. For example, the sentence “Who did you help?“ uses the question form because the subject is the word “you“. However, the question “Who helped you?“ doesn’t use the question form because the subject is the word “who“. %P�XF�BMXBZT�VTF�UIF�RVFTUJPO�GPSN�XIFO�BTLJOH�B�RVFTUJPO�JO�&OHMJTI No, we don’t always … 8IFO�EPOǽU�XF�VTF�UIF�RVFTUJPO�GPSN � � � We don’t … when a question word, such as “who“, “what“ or “which“, is the subject of the verb (JWF�NF�TPNF�FYBNQMFT �QMFBTF�� “Who is going to pay the gas bill?“; “What is making that horrible noise?“; “Which pen writes best?” iron 8IBU�EP�XF�VTF�UP�JSPO�PVS�DMPUIFT � We use an iron to iron our clothes Do you iron your clothes yourself or does someone else iron them for ZPV � I iron … ~ Someone else irons … extreme /BNF�B�SFHJPO�PG�UIF�XPSME�UIBU�FYQFSJFODFT�FYUSFNF�XFBUIFS� conditions. … is a region … 777 reduce 8IBU�EP�ZPV�UIJOLǽT�UIF�CFTU�XBZ�UP�SFEVDF�POFǽT�XFJHIU I think the best … likely unlikely "SF�ZPV�MJLFMZ�UP�CF�IFSF�OFYU�XFFL � Yes, I’m likely to … ~ No, I’m not likely to … %P�ZPV�UIJOL�JUǽT�MJLFMZ�UP�SBJO�JO�UIF�OFYU����IPVST � � � Yes, I think it’s … ~ No, I don’t think it’s … %P�ZPV�UIJOL�JUǽT�IJHIMZ�VOMJLFMZ�UIBU�ZPV�XJMM�HP�UISPVHI�UIF�FOUJSF�XJOUFS� OFYU�ZFBS�XJUIPVU�DBUDIJOH�B�TJOHMF�DPME � Yes, I think it’s highly … ~ No, I don’t think it’s highly … do someone a favour That’s all right Not at all It’s nothing You’re welcome Don’t mention it No problem When we give something to someone or do someone a favour, and they say “Thank you“, there are many ways in which we can reply. Some commonexpressions we can use are “That’s all right“, “That’s OK“, “Not at all“, “It’s nothing“, “You’re welcome“, “Don’t mention it“, or “No problem“. 8IFO�XF�HJWF�TPNFUIJOH�UP�TPNFPOF �PS�EP�TPNFPOF�B�GBWPVS �BOE�UIFZ� TBZ�ǿ5IBOL�ZPVǿ �XIBU�DBO�XF�SFQMZ � When we …, we can reply “That’s all right“, “That’s OK“, “Not at all“, “It’s nothing“, “You’re welcome“, “Don’t mention it“, or “No problem“ up tear – tore – torn When we add the word “up“ to a verb, it sometimes gives it the meaning of doing the action more completely. For example, the sentence “I broke the piece of wood“ could mean that I broke it only once, but “I broke up the piece of wood“ means that I broke it into many smaller pieces. 778 8IFO�XF�BEE�UIF�XPSE�ǿVQǿ�UP�B�WFSC �XIBU�NFBOJOH�EPFT�JU�TPNFUJNFT� HJWF�UIF�WFSC � When we add …, it sometimes gives the verb the meaning of doing the action more completely (JWF�NF�BO�FYBNQMF �QMFBTF�� “I’m cutting a loaf of bread into two halves“ means that I’m cutting the loaf once, whereas “I’m cutting the loaf of bread up“ means I’m cutting it many times 8IBU�BN�*�EPJOH � You’re tearing a piece of paper 8IBU�BN�*�EPJOH � You’re tearing a piece of paper up 8IFO�BMM�UIF�GPPE�JT�VTFE�VQ�BU�IPNF �XIBU�EP�ZPV�IBWF�UP�EP When all …, I have to do the shopping cheek cheeky 8IBUǽT�UIJT � It’s your cheek 8IFO�ZPV�XFSF�B�DIJME �XFSF�ZPV�BMXBZT�QPMJUF�XJUI�BEVMUT�PS�XFSF�ZPV� TPNFUJNFT�B�CJU�DIFFLZ�XJUI�UIFN � When I was a child, I … pile one on top of the other heap 8IBU�BN�*�EPJOH � You’re piling your books one on top of the other 8IBUǽT�B�IFBQ � A heap is an untidy pile 8IFO�ZPV�HP�UP�CFE�BU�OJHIU �EP�ZPV�FWFS�KVTU�MFBWF�ZPVS�DMPUIFT�JO�B� IFBQ�PO�UIF�ʞPPS�JOTUFBE�PG�QVUUJOH�UIFN�BXBZ � Yes, when I …, I sometimes … ~ No, when I …, I never … point freeze – froze – frozen nought zero Fahrenheit 8IBU�EP�XF�VTF�UP�TIBSQFO�UIF�QPJOU�PG�B�QFODJM �� We use a pencil sharpener or knife to sharpen … 8IBUǽT�UIF�CPJMJOH�QPJOU�PG�XBUFS �� � � The boiling … 100 degrees centigrade or 212 degrees Fahrenheit 779 780 "OE�BU�XIBU�UFNQFSBUVSF�EPFT�XBUFS�GSFF[F � Water freezes at nought (or zero) degrees centigrade, or 32 degrees Fahrenheit %PFT�UIF�GSFF[JOH�QPJOU�PG�XBUFS�SJTF�PS�GBMM�JG�TBMU�JT�BEEFE�UP�JU The freezing … falls if … insect itch scratch scrape 8IFO�ZPV�IBWF�BO�JOTFDU�CJUF�UIBUǽT�JUDIJOH�B�MPU �EP�ZPV�TDSBUDI�JU�PS�USZ� UP�MFBWF�JU�BMPOF � When I have …, I … 8IBU�BN�*�EPJOH � �You’re scratching your cheek with your finger %P�XF�VTVBMMZ�IBWF�UP�TDSBQF�PGG�UIF�PME�QBJOU�GSPN�B�XPPEFO�EPPS� CFGPSF�QBJOUJOH�JU�BHBJO � Yes, we usually have to scrape off … 8IFO�ZPVOH�DIJMESFO�BSF�SVOOJOH�BSPVOE �EP�UIFZ�PGUFO�GBMM�PWFS�BOE� TDSBQF�UIFJS�LOFFT � Yes, when young … Idiom 40 JU�OFWFS�SBJOT�CVU�JU�QPVST���when one bad thing happens, a lot of other bad things also happen e.g. Our car had broken down, there were no trains or buses until the next morning, and there was only one hotel, which was full. Well, you know what they say: it never rains but it pours. 8IBU�EPFT�UIF�JEJPN�ǿJU�OFWFS�SBJOT�CVU�JU�QPVSTǿ�NFBO � The idiom … “when one bad thing …“ (JWF�NF�BO�FYBNQMF �QMFBTF�� � � One thing went wrong after another. It’s always the same: it never rains but it pours. 781 opposition Dictation 94 Some people find it sad/ that the steam engine/ isn’t used any longer/ on the railways./ Although he strongly opposed the bill,/ he knew it would be passed/ all the same/ and so, after replying to the opposition,/ he returned sadly to his seat./ The guards were given orders/ to shoot the enemy on sight./ I am an early bird,/ which means that I feel very bright/ in the morning/ and tired in the evening./ Find out if he is fit/ to do the job first. LESSON 140 “The” + comparative …, “the” + comparative … the sooner ..., the better This structure is used to communicate that there is a relationship between two things. For example, “The colder it is, the more clothes I wear“ means that I wear light clothes when it’s hot, more clothes when it’s cool, and a lot of clothes when it’s cold. 8PVME�ZPV�TBZ�UIBU�UIF�NPSF�XF�MFBSO �UIF�IBQQJFS�XF�CFDPNF � � Yes, I’d say that … ~ No, I wouldn’t say that … (JWF�NF�B�TFOUFODF�XJUI�UIF�XPSET�ǿUIF�TPPOFS�ȅ �UIF�CFUUFSǿ�� The sooner we get the job finished, the better responsible council "U�BCPVU�XIBU�BHF�EP�ZPV�GFFM�UIBU�B�QFSTPO�TIPVME�CF�DPOTJEFSFE�CZ�MBX� UP�CF�SFTQPOTJCMF�GPS�UIFJS�PXO�BDUJPOT � I feel that … 8IBUǽT�B�MPDBM�UPXO�DPVODJM�SFTQPOTJCMF�GPS � A local town council is responsible for keeping the streets clean, looking after public buildings and land etc. scream fright frighten horror %P�TPNF�QFPQMF�TDSFBN�XJUI�GSJHIU�EVSJOH�IPSSPS�ʝMNT � � � � Yes, some people … )BWF�ZPV�FWFS�CFFO�GSJHIUFOFE�CZ�TUSBOHF�OPJTFT�EVSJOH�UIF�OJHIU � Yes, I’ve been … ~ No, I’ve never been … mean %P�ZPV�LOPX�BOZCPEZ�XIPǽT�TP�NFBO�UIBU�UIFZ�OFWFS�FWFO�CVZ�QSFTFOUT� GPS�UIFJS�GBNJMZ � Yes, I know somebody … ~ No, I don’t know anybody … 782 783 "SF�ZPVOH�DIJMESFO�TPNFUJNFT�WFSZ�NFBO�UP�POF�BOPUIFS�BU�TDIPPM � Yes, young children … thoughtless 8IBU�EP�XF�NFBO�CZ�B�UIPVHIUMFTT�QFSTPO � � � By a thoughtless person, we usually mean someone who acts without considering how other people might feel pale sickness 8IBU�DBO�NBLF�B�QFSTPOǽT�GBDF�UVSO�QBMF � � Fright, fear, sickness etc. can make a person’s face turn pale -ish When we add the suffix “-ish“ to an adjective, it means “rather“ or “more or less“. For example, “France is not exactly a big country, like Russia or the USA, but it’s biggish compared with countries like England and Scotland“. 8IBU�NFBOJOH�EPFT�UIF�TVGʝY�ǿ�JTIǿ�HJWF�XIFO�XF�BEE�JU�UP�BO�BEKFDUJWF The suffix “-ish“ gives the meaning of “rather“ or “more or less“ when we add it to an adjective (JWF�NF�BO�FYBNQMF �QMFBTF�� � � � � � The door is not exactly green, but it’s greenish We can also use the suffix “-ish“ to mean “about“ when we say a time of day. For example, if someone says that they will come to your house at “eightish“, they mean “about eight“. (JWF�NF�BO�FYBNQMF�PG�UIF�TVGʝY�ǿ�JTIǿ�VTFE�UP�TQFBL�BCPVU�B�UJNF�PG� day, please. He woke up at sixish and went for a run light – lit – lit candle failure 8IBU�BSF�UIF�UISFF�GPSNT�PG�ǿMJHIUǿ � � � The three forms of “light“ are “light, lit, lit“ Do you keep any candles at home in case there’s a failure in the electricity TVQQMZ � Yes, I keep some … ~ No, I don’t keep any … 784 8IBU�LJOE�PG�UIJOHT�EP�ZPV�UIJOL�NBLF�B�QBSUZ�B�GBJMVSF I think the kind of things that … are … upset feel upset terribly 8IBU�XPVME�*�NFBO�JG�*�TBJE�ǿ.Z�QMBOT�GPS�UIF�GVUVSF�IBWF�BMM�CFFO�VQTFU� CZ�UIF�JOUFSGFSFODF�PG�NZ�GBUIFSǿ � If you said …, you’d mean that he had not agreed with your plans, and had made you change them *G�ZPV�VQTFU�B�HMBTT�PG�SFE�XJOF�PWFS�TPNFPOF �XIBUǽE�ZPV�TBZ�BOE�EP � If I upset a …, I’d say “I’m terribly sorry“ and would offer to pay for the clothes to be cleaned *G�*�TBJE�UIBU�*�XBT�GFFMJOH�WFSZ�VQTFU�UPEBZ �XIBU�XPVME�*�NFBO If you said that you were feeling very upset today, you’d mean that you were not happy because something unpleasant had happened wreck misfortune shipwreck )PX�XPVME�ZPV�GFFM �BOE�XIBU�XPVME�ZPV�EP �JG�BMM�ZPVS�QMBOT�GPS� UIF�GVUVSF�XFSF�XSFDLFE�UISPVHI�TPNF�BDDJEFOU�PS�TPNF�QJFDF�PG� NJTGPSUVOF � If all my plans for the future were wrecked …, I’d feel … and I’d … %FTDSJCF�XIBU�IBQQFOT�JO�B�TIJQXSFDL�� In a shipwreck, a ship sinks as a result of being attacked, hitting rocks, or being damaged in severe weather sale for sale sales advertisement %P�ZPV�UIJOL�UIF�TBMF�PG�XFBQPOT�CZ�POF�DPVOUSZ�UP�BOPUIFS�JT�XSPOH Yes, I think … ~ No, I don’t think … 8IBU�DBO�UIF�PXOFS�PG�B�TIPQ�EP�JO�PSEFS�UP�JODSFBTF�TBMFTIn order to …, the owner … reduce prices, advertise in the press or online etc. *G�ZPV�IBE�B�DBS�GPS�TBMF �XIFSF�XPVME�ZPV�QMBDF�BO�BEWFSUJTFNFOU If I had …, I’d place … "SF�UIFSF�BOZ�QBSUJDVMBS�UJNFT�PG�ZFBS�JO�UIJT�DPVOUSZ�XIFO�BMM�UIF�TIPQT� IBWF�TBMFT � Yes, there are … ~ No, there aren’t … 8IFO 785 commercial rival %P�ZPV�HFU�BOOPZFE�CZ�DPNNFSDJBM�CSFBLT�PO�57 � � � � Yes, I get … ~ No, I don’t get … /BNF�NF�UXP�DPNQBOJFT�UIBU�BSF�CJH�DPNNFSDJBM�SJWBMT �QMFBTF� … and … are big commercial rivals “Some” in questions We sometimes use the words “some“, “somebody“ and “something“ in questions instead of the usual “any“, “anybody“ and “anything“. We generally do this when we expect a positive answer, and especially when we offer something to somebody. For example, “Would you like some more tea?“; “Is there somebody here you’re looking for?“; “Would you like me to buy you something nice for Christmas?“ etc. 8IFO�EP�XF�VTF�ǿTPNFǿ �ǿTPNFCPEZǿ�BOE�ǿTPNFUIJOHǿ�JO�RVFTUJPOT� JOTUFBE�PG�UIF�VTVBM�ǿBOZǿ �ǿBOZCPEZǿ�BOE�ǿBOZUIJOHǿ � We use “some“ … when we expect a positive answer, and especially when we offer something to somebody (JWF�NF�BO�FYBNQMF�PG�FBDI �QMFBTF�� “Would you like some wine with your meal?“; “Did somebody just ring the doorbell?“; “Would you like something nice for dinner?“ over 8IBU�EP�*�NFBO�JG�*�TBZ�UIBU�NZ�CSPUIFS�JT�PWFS�UXP�NFUSFT�UBMM If you …, you mean that he is more than two metres tall basement %PFT�UIF�CVJMEJOH�XIFSF�ZPV�MJWF�IBWF�B�CBTFNFOU � � � Yes, the building … ~ No, the building … 786 bargain *T�JU�QPTTJCMF�UP�ʝOE�TPNF�SFBMMZ�HPPE�CBSHBJOT�JO�UIF�TBMFT Yes, it’s possible to … 8IFO�ZPV�HP�UP�B�NBSLFU �EP�ZPV�CBSHBJO�PWFS�UIF�QSJDFT Yes, when I … ~ No, when I … caution cautiously *O�XIBU�LJOE�PG�TJUVBUJPOT�EP�QFPQMF�IBWF�UP�BDU�WFSZ�DBVUJPVTMZ People have to … in dangerous situations )PX�NBOZ�UJNFT�EP�UIF�QPMJDF�DBVUJPO�ZPV�BCPVU�CBE�ESJWJOH�CFGPSF�UIFZ� UBLF�BXBZ�ZPVS�MJDFODF � The police caution you … about bad driving before … Idiom 41 IBSE�VQ���with very little money e.g. I can’t let you have any money this week; I’m really hard up. 8IBU�EPFT�UIF�JEJPN�ǿIBSE�VQǿ�NFBO � The idiom … “with very …“ (JWF�NF�BO�FYBNQMF �QMFBTF�� We were so hard up that we couldn’t even afford a newspaper rapid Dictation 95 We spent the whole afternoon/ gathering up the apples/ that had fallen on the ground./ A railway line/ does not have to be level,/ but it should not climb too rapidly,/ otherwise a train cannot run on it./ When we weighed the cake,/ my father was very surprised./ He had not realized/ it would weigh so much./ The theatre seats were well made,/ so the audience/ were able to relax/ and watch the play in comfort./ For one brief moment,/ I was certain he would succeed. Do Revision Exercise 63 787 788 LESSON 141 Double contractions Although it is not common, we sometimes use double contractions in spoken English. For example, instead of saying “I will have gone by tomorrow“, we can say “I’ll’ve gone by tomorrow“. Also, instead of saying “I would have done it“, we can say “I’d’ve done it“. (JWF�NF�BO�FYBNQMF�PG�B�EPVCMF�DPOUSBDUJPO �QMFBTF� She’ll’ve gone home before you arrive. She’d’ve come later if she’d known. deliver mail beforehand "U�XIBU�UJNF�EP�UIFZ�EFMJWFS�UIF�NBJM�BU�ZPVS�IPVTF They deliver … at about … *G�ZPV�IBE�UP�EFMJWFS�B�TQFFDI �XPVME�ZPV�DBSFGVMMZ�QSFQBSF�OPUFT� CFGPSFIBOE�PS�XPVME�ZPV�HJWF�JU�PGG�UIF�DVGG If I had to deliver a speech, I’d … critic *G�ZPV�DPVME�DIPPTF�CFUXFFO�XPSLJOH�BT�B�SFTUBVSBOU�DSJUJD�PS�B�UIFBUSF� DSJUJD �XIJDI�XPVME�ZPV�QSFGFS �� If I could choose between working …, I’d prefer … expect rely on "SF�ZPV�FYQFDUJOH�B�MFUUFS�GSPN�BOZPOF�JO�UIF�OFYU�GFX�EBZT Yes, I’m expecting … ~ No, I’m not expecting … %P�ZPV�UIJOL�ZPVOH�DIJMESFO�DBO�CF�FYQFDUFE�UP�EP�IPNFXPSL�XJUIPVU� CFJOH�GPSDFE�UP�EP�TP �FJUIFS�CZ�UIFJS�UFBDIFST�PS�CZ�UIFJS�QBSFOUT Yes, I think … ~ No, I don’t think … *�FYQFDU�CZ�OPX�UIBU�ZPV�VOEFSTUBOE�FWFSZUIJOH�*�TBZ�XJUI�FBTF��JT�UIBU� SJHIU � Yes, that’s right; I understand … ~ No, that isn’t right; I don’t understand … 789 790 $BO�ZPV�BMXBZT�CF�SFMJFE�PO�UP�EP�UIJOHT�UIBU�ZPV�IBWF�QSPNJTFE�UP�EP Yes, I can always be relied on to … ~ No, I can’t always be relied on to ... fast fasten 8IBU�EP�XF�NFBO�XIFO�XF�TBZ�UIBU�TPNFPOFǽT�GBTU�BTMFFQ When we …, we mean that they’re completely asleep, and would be difficult to wake up %P�BFSPQMBOF�QBTTFOHFST�IBWF�UP�GBTUFO�UIFJS�TFBU�CFMUT�CFGPSF�UIF�QMBOF� UBLFT�PGG�PS�MBOET � Yes, aeroplane passengers have to … porter *G�ZPV�BSSJWFE�BU�B�SBJMXBZ�TUBUJPO�XJUI�B�IFBWZ�TVJUDBTF �XPVME�ZPV�BTL�B� QPSUFS�UP�IFMQ�ZPV�XJUI�JU�PS�XPVME�ZPV�TUSVHHMF�XJUI�JU�ZPVSTFMG If I arrived …, I’d … Compound adjectives (continued) a fifty-minute lesson a four-door car jog Another common type of compound adjective in English is when, instead of saying “The lesson lasted for fifty minutes“, we say “It was a fifty- minute lesson“, or instead of saying “This car has four doors“, we say “This is a four-door car“. In these examples, “fifty-minute“ and “four- door“ are compound adjectives. 8IBU�DBO�XF�TBZ�JOTUFBE�PG�ǿ)F�IBE�B�IPMJEBZ�UIBU�MBTUFE�UXP�XFFLTǿ Instead of …, we can say “He had a two-week holiday“ 8IBU�DBO�XF�TBZ�JOTUFBE�PG�ǿ-FUǽT�KPH�GPS�UFO�LJMPNFUSFTǿ Instead of …, we can say “Let’s go for a ten-kilometre jog“ With these adjectives, notice that the word after the number is singular, not plural. For example, we say “a twenty-page document“, not “a twenty-pages document“. This is because the word “page“ is being used as an adjective in this phrase, and adjectives in English do not have plural forms. 791 *O�UIF�QISBTF�ǿB�UFO�LJMPNFUSF�KPHǿ �XIZ�JT�UIF�XPSE�ǿLJMPNFUSFǿ�TJOHVMBS� BOE�OPU�QMVSBM � In the phrase …, the word “kilometre“ … because it is being used as an adjective, and adjectives in English do not have plural forms (JWF�NF�TPNF�PUIFS�FYBNQMFT�PG�UIJT�UZQF�PG�DPNQPVOE�BEKFDUJWF �QMFBTF�� An eleven-man team, a two-litre bottle, a six-bedroom house overnight lifestyle %P�QFPQMF�XIP�CFDPNF�SJDI�PS�GBNPVT�PWFSOJHIU�PGUFO�IBWF�QSPCMFNT� NBOBHJOH�UIFJS�OFX�MJGFTUZMF � Yes, people who … mere *T�UIFSF�BOZ�KPC�ZPV�DPVME�UIJOL�PG�UIBU�ZPV�XPVME�MJLF�UP�EP �OPU�GPS�UIF� NPOFZ �CVU�GPS�UIF�NFSF�IPOPVS�UIBU�HPFT�XJUI�UIF�KPC � Yes, there’s a job I can think of that I’d like … ~ No, there isn’t any job I can think of that I’d like … 8IJDI�KPC nuisance 8IBU�EP�ZPV�UIJOLǽT�UIF�CFTU�UIJOH�UP�EP�XJUI�DIJMESFO�XIP�BSF�NBLJOH�B� OVJTBODF�PG�UIFNTFMWFT � I think the best … is to … post doorpost goal dig – dug – dug postage 8IBU�BSF�UIFTF � These are doorposts 8IBU�EP�XF�IBWF�UP�EP�XIFO�XF�XBOU�UP�QVU�QPTUT�JO�UIF�HSPVOE�UP� NBLF�UIF�HPBMT�GPS�B�HBNF�PG�GPPUCBMM�PS�SVHCZ � When we want to put …, we must dig fairly deep holes in the ground 8IBU�BSF�UIF�UISFF�GPSNT�PG�ǿEJHǿ � The three forms of “dig“ are “dig, dug, dug“ 792 8IBU�XPVME�ZPV�TBZ�XBT�ZPVS�NBJO�HPBM�JO�MJGF�BU�UIF�NPNFOU I’d say my … was to … %P�CJH�DPNQBOJFT�PGUFO�BEWFSUJTF�OFX�QPTUT�JO�OBUJPOBM�OFXTQBQFST Yes, big companies … )PX�NVDI�JT�UIF�QPTUBHF�GPS�B�MFUUFS�GSPN�ZPVS�DPVOUSZ�UP�&OHMBOE The postage for … is … naughty punish 8IFO�ZPV�XFSF�OBVHIUZ�BT�B�DIJME �IPX�EJE�ZPVS�QBSFOUT�VTF�UP�QVOJTI� ZPV When I was …, my parents… fold 8IBU�BN�*�EPJOH � You’re folding a page of your book native 8IBUǽT�ZPVS�OBUJWF�MBOHVBHF � My native language is … treasure *T�UIFSF�TUJMM�BOZ�MPTU�USFBTVSF�JO�UIF�XPSME � Yes, there’s still …, especially at the bottom of the sea where ships sank in the old days receipt prove 8IBU�QSPCMFN�NJHIU�ZPV�IBWF�JG�ZPV�UPPL�B�GBVMUZ�QSPEVDU�CBDL�UP�B�TIPQ� CVU�EJEOǽU�IBWF�UIF�SFDFJQU�UP�QSPWF�XIFSF�ZPV�CPVHIU�JU�BOZNPSF� If I took …, the shop might not agree to change the product or give me a refund 793 Idiom 42 QVU�POFǽT�GPPU�EPXO���to be determined and insist on something e.g. My daughter kept asking me if she could go to the party but I had to put my foot down and say no. 8IBU�EPFT�UIF�JEJPN�ǿUP�QVU�POFǽT�GPPU�EPXOǿ�NFBO ��� � The idiom … “to be determined and …“ (JWF�NF�BO�FYBNQMF �QMFBTF��� If I hadn’t put my foot down and got angry with them, they would have done nothing and the work would never have got finished 794 LESSON 142 Two meanings of “quite” In front of some extreme adjectives, such as “wonderful“ or “terrible“, the word “quite“ means “completely“. In this situation, we say the word “quite“ with a heavy stress, because we are being emphatic. For example, we can say “The weather is quite wonderful!“. In this sentence, the words “quite wonderful“ mean “completely wonderful“. (JWF�NF�BO�FYBNQMF�PG�UIF�XPSE�ǿRVJUFǿ�XJUI�UIF�NFBOJOH�PG� ǿDPNQMFUFMZǿ �QMFBTF�� This wine is quite excellent! I’m sorry, but what you’re asking me to do is quite impossible! excuse me I’m sorry We generally use “Excuse me“ for something that is not very important and “I’m sorry“ for a more important apology. 8IBUǽT�UIF�EJGGFSFODF�CFUXFFO�ǿ&YDVTF�NFǿ�BOE�ǿ*ǽN�TPSSZǿ The difference … is that we generally use “Excuse me“ for something that is not very important, and “I’m sorry“ for a more important apology 8IBU�EP�ZPV�TBZ�XIFO�ZPV�XBOU�UP�QBTT�CFUXFFO�UXP�QFPQMF�XIP�BSF� TQFBLJOH�UP�FBDI�PUIFS � When I want to ..., I say “Excuse me“ "OE�XIBU�EP�ZPV�TBZ�JG �JO�QBTTJOH �ZPV�BDDJEFOUBMMZ�TUFQ�PO�UIF�GPPU�PG� POF�PG�UIF�UXP�QFPQMF�XIP�BSF�TQFBLJOH � If, in passing, I accidentally step …, I say “I’m sorry!“ wealthy 8IJDI�JT�UIF�XFBMUIJFTU�SFHJPO�PG�UIJT�DPVOUSZ � … is the wealthiest … 795 796 disaster flood )PX�DBO�B�MPOH�QFSJPE�PG�IFBWZ�SBJO�SFTVMU�JO�B�EJTBTUFS A long period … because it can lead to floods that cause death, terrible damage to farms and buildings etc. then The word “then“ has three meanings: 1) At that time – e.g. I’m going to see him on Thursday, so I can give him the news then. 2) Next – e.g. We’ll have dinner first, and then watch TV. 3) In that case – e.g. If you don’t understand, then ask. 8IBU�BSF�UIF�UISFF�NFBOJOHT�PG�UIF�XPSE�ǿUIFOǿ � � � � The three … are “at that time“, “next“ and “in that case“ (JWF�NF�BO�FYBNQMF�PG�FBDI �QMFBTF� 1) I began studying English last year. Before then (i.e. before that time) I did not know a single word. 2) I’ll study first, then go to the cinema. 3) The door might be locked; what will you do then? urge 8IBUǽT�UIF�CFTU�XBZ�UP�VSHF�TPNFPOF�UP�EP�TPNFUIJOH�UIFZ�EP�OPU�XBOU� UP�EP � The best way to urge someone to … is to tell them how much better everything will be after they have done it affair love affair *T�JU�XJTF�UP�TQFBL�BCPVU�POFǽT�QSJWBUF�BGGBJST�JO�QVCMJD No, it isn’t wise to … "SF�MPWF�BGGBJST�BMXBZT�IBQQZ � No, love affairs aren’t … 797 Strong and weak pronunciation forms strong form weak form can �N Q� �NɊQ� than �ê Q� �êɊQ� but �EɽW� �EɊW� some �VɽP� �VɊP� your �MɅ�� �MɊ� to �WX�� �WɊ�� are �ɂ�� �Ɋ� was �ZɃ]� �ZɊ]�� In English, many common words have a “strong“ pronunciation form and a “weak“ pronunciation form. For example, the strong form of the word “can“ is /kæn/, whereas the weak form is /kən/. With the weak form, the vowel in the word is usually the sound /ə/, which is the most common sound in the English language. We use the weak pronunciation form of a word when we say the word normally in a sentence without any special stress. For example, we say “I /kən/ speak three languages”. We use the strong pronunciation form when we say the word on its own, or when we put stress on the word for some reason. For example, if someone says “You can’t speak three languages“, we might reply emphatically and say “Yes, I /kæn/!“ 8IFO�EP�XF�VTF�UIF�XFBL�QSPOVODJBUJPO�GPSN�PG�B�XPSE�JO�&OHMJTI We use … when we say the word normally in a sentence without any special stress (JWF�NF�TPNF�FYBNQMFT �QMFBTF�� I’m taller �êɊQ� you. I’m going /tə/ the shops now. I didn’t know she �ZɊ]� here. 8IFO�EP�XF�VTF�UIF�TUSPOH�QSPOVODJBUJPO�GPSN�PG�B�XPSE We use … when we say the word on its own, or when we put stress on the word for some reason 798 (JWF�NF�TPNF�FYBNQMFT �QMFBTF�� �VɽP� adults are married, and �VɽP� are single The letters “y – o – u – r“ spell the word �MɅ�� charm charming musical snake snake charmer instrument 8IPǽT�UIF�NPTU�DIBSNJOH�QFSTPO�ZPV�LOPX � � � � � The most charming person I know is … 8IBUǽT�B�TOBLF�DIBSNFS � � � � � A snake charmer is a person who charms a snake by playing a musical instrument %P�ZPV�CFMJFWF�UIBU�UIFSF�BSF�QFPQMF�JO�UIF�XPSME�XIP�DBO�QVU�B�NBHJD� DIBSN�PO�PUIFS�QFPQMF � Yes, I believe that … ~ No, I don’t believe that … latest last last but one One important difference between “latest“ and “last“ is that, if I say “John Brown’s latest book is excellent“, it means John Brown’s newest book. However, if I say “John Brown’s last book was excellent“, it probably means the book he wrote before his new one, or it means his final book ever, because he has now retired or died. 8IBUǽT�UIF�EJGGFSFODF�CFUXFFO�ǿMBUFTUǿ�BOE�ǿMBTUǿ The difference … is that if I say “John Brown’s latest …“, it means … newest book, whereas if I say “John Brown’s last…“, it probably means … before his new one, or … final book ever, because … 8IJDIǽT�UIF�MBTU�MFUUFS�CVU�POF�JO�UIF�&OHMJTI�BMQIBCFU �� � Y’s the last letter but one … blackboard whiteboard chalk 8IBU�EP�XF�XSJUF�PO�B�CMBDLCPBSE�XJUI � We write on a blackboard with a piece of chalk 8IBU�EP�XF�XSJUF�PO�B�XIJUFCPBSE�XJUI � We write on a whiteboard with a special pen 799 eyebrow eyelash eyelid lid pan 8IBUǽT�UIJT � It’s an eyebrow 8IBU�BSF�UIFTF � Those are eyelashes 8IBUǽT�UIJT � It’s an eyelid %PFT�XBUFS�JO�B�QBO�CPJM�NPSF�RVJDLMZ�XJUI�UIF�MJE�PO�PS�XJUI�UIF�MJE�PGG Water in a pan … with the lid on 8IZ � Because, with the lid on, the steam and the heat are kept in favour yacht hinder *T�JU�XSPOH�GPS�QBSFOUT�UP�GBWPVS�POF�DIJME�PWFS�BOPUIFS Yes, it’s wrong for … %PFT�CBE�XFBUIFS�GBWPVS�B�ZBDIU�JO�B�SBDF�BU�TFB �� � No, bad weather doesn’t …; it hinders it 8IBU�EP�ZPV�EP�XIFO�ZPV�EPOǽU�BQQSPWF�PG�TPNFCPEZǽT�CFIBWJPVS � When I don’t …, I tell the person, do nothing etc. clothe $BO�B�XPNBO�DMPUIF�IFSTFMG�NPSF�DIFBQMZ�UIBO�B�NBO �� Yes, a woman can ... ~ No, a woman can’t … endless .BLF�B�TFOUFODF�DPOUBJOJOH�UIF�XPSE�ǿFOEMFTTǿ �QMFBTF�� There was an endless stream of traffic on the road bunch grape 8IJDIǽE�ZPV�SBUIFS�CF�HJWFO��B�CVODI�PG�ʞPXFST�PS�B�CVODI�PG�HSBQFT I’d rather be given a bunch of … 800 Idiom 43 HJWF�TPNFCPEZ�UIF�DPME�TIPVMEFS���make somebody feel unwelcome, usually by ignoring them e.g. I didn’t know what I had done wrong, but everyone seemed to give me the cold shoulder. 8IBU�EPFT�UIF�JEJPN�ǿHJWF�TPNFCPEZ�UIF�DPME�TIPVMEFSǿ�NFBO The idiom … “make somebody feel …“ (JWF�NF�BO�FYBNQMF �QMFBTF�� � � Instead of a friendly welcome, we were given the cold shoulder revolution Dictation 96 Lacking central heating,/ we managed to keep the room/ sufficiently warm with an oil heater/ which our next-door neighbour/ had lent us./ The military leaders behaved so wickedly/ that the people marched against them,/ and a bloody revolution soon broke out./ The Greeks in the old days/ believed in many gods,/ whereas many modern religions/ only have one god./ The accident was not really the soldier’s fault;/ he simply did/ what the captain commanded him to do./ It was quite plain/ that he was a policeman,/ even though he was not in uniform. Do RevisionExercise 64 801 LESSON 143 Uses of the passive voice Although the passive voice is less common than the active voice, it is very useful in certain situations. Four common situations in which we often use the passive voice are: 1) when we don’t know who does the action: for example, “My car has been stolen!“; 2) when we don’t want to say who does the action: for example, “You were seen entering the office without permission“; 3) when it is not important who does the action: for example, “The Eiffel Tower was built in 1889“; 4) when it is obvious who does the action: for example, “He was arrested for stealing“. 5FMM�NF�GPVS�DPNNPO�TJUVBUJPOT�JO�XIJDI�XF�PGUFO�VTF�UIF�QBTTJWF�WPJDF � please. Four common situations … are 1) when we don’t know …; 2) when we don’t want to say …; 3) when it is not important …; 4) when it is obvious … (JWF�NF�BO�FYBNQMF�PG�FBDI �QMFBTF�� 1) All the wine has been drunk. 2) A complaint has been made against you. 3) The doors were designed to close by themselves. 4) I was given some extra homework. resist resistance *T�UIFSF�BOZUIJOH�UIBU�ZPV�DBOOPU�SFTJTU�FBUJOH�FWFO�UIPVHI�ZPV�LOPX�JUǽT� OPU�WFSZ�HPPE�GPS�UIF�IFBMUI � Yes, there’s something … ~ No, there isn’t anything … 802 8PVME�ZPV�TIPX�BOZ�SFTJTUBODF�JG�B�QPMJDFNBO�USJFE�UP�BSSFTU�ZPV�GPS�B� DSJNF�UIBU�ZPV�EJE�OPU�DPNNJU � Yes, I’d show some … ~ No, I wouldn’t show any … substantial bacon toast fry – fried – fried Do you prefer to eat a substantial breakfast like bacon and eggs in the NPSOJOH �PS�EP�ZPV�QSFGFS�TPNFUIJOH�MJHIU�TVDI�BT�DFSFBM�BOE�UPBTU I prefer to eat … *T�JU�HPPE�GPS�UIF�IFBMUI�UP�FBU�GSJFE�GPPE�FWFSZ�EBZ � No, it isn’t … approximate 8IBUǽT�UIF�BQQSPYJNBUF�QPQVMBUJPO�PG�UIF�XPSME � The approximate population … is … course starter main course dessert *G�ZPVǽSF�JO�B�SFTUBVSBOU�CVU�ZPV�POMZ�XBOU�B�UXP�DPVSTF�NFBM �XIJDI� EP�ZPV�OPSNBMMZ�IBWF��B�TUBSUFS�BOE�NBJO�DPVSTF �PS�B�NBJO�DPVSTF�BOE� EFTTFSU � If I’m in …, I normally have … dine 8IBUǽT�UIF�OBNF�PG�UIF�SPPN�JO�XIJDI�POF�EJOFT � � The name of the room ... is the dining room marmalade jam pear plum The difference between marmalade and jam is that marmalade is generally made from oranges, whereas jam is made from other fruits, such as pears, apples, plums etc. 8IBUǽT�UIF�EJGGFSFODF�CFUXFFO�NBSNBMBEF�BOE�KBN � � The difference … is that marmalade … oranges, whereas jam … other fruits … 803 804 the country rejoice victory When we say “the country“, we often mean “the countryside“. However, another meaning of “the country“ is “the people of a nation“. For example, we can say “The country rejoiced at the news of the victory“, or “The country voted to change the government“. 8IBUǽT�BOPUIFS�NFBOJOH�PG�ǿUIF�DPVOUSZǿ�CFTJEFT�ǿUIF�DPVOUSZTJEFǿ Another meaning ... is “the people of a nation“ (JWF�NF�BO�FYBNQMF �QMFBTF� Most of the country was in favour of his election shave razor heal 8IBU�EP�XF�TIBWF�XJUI � We shave with a razor "CPVU�IPX�MPOH�EPFT�JU�UBLF�GPS�B�TIBWJOH�DVU�UP�IFBM � � � It takes about … for a shaving cut to heal live (v) �OɛY� live (adj) �ODɛY� musician 8IBUǽT�UIF�EJGGFSFODF�CFUXFFO�MJWF� W �BOE�MJWF� BEK � � The difference … is that “live“ is a verb, whereas … %P�ZPV�UIJOL�JUǽT�BMM�SJHIU�UP�QFSGPSN�FYQFSJNFOUT�PO�MJWF�BOJNBMT Yes, I think it’s all right to ... ~ No, I don’t think it’s all right to ... )BWF�ZPV�FWFS�CFFO�UP�TFF�B�GBNPVT�NVTJDJBO�PS�CBOE�MJWF�BOE�GFMU�SFBMMZ� MFU�EPXO�CZ�UIF�QFSGPSNBODF � Yes, I’ve been to see … ~ No, I’ve never been to see … mild remark look stormy 8IBU�LJOE�PG�SFNBSL�XPVME�TPNFPOF�IBWF�UP�NBLF�UP�CSJOH�B�NJME�MPPL� PG�TVSQSJTF�UP�ZPVS�GBDF � The kind of remark someone would … would be that they have the same surname as me, or that they used to live in the same town as me etc. 805 8IBU�EP�XF�NFBO�CZ�NJME�XFBUIFS � By mild weather, we mean weather that is not stormy, or very hot, or very cold. In other words, we mean weather that is not extreme. 8IZ�JT�TPBQ�EFTJHOFE�GPS�XBTIJOH�UIF�GBDF�NJMEFS�UIBO�TPBQ�EFTJHOFE�GPS� XBTIJOH�UIF�SFTU�PG�UIF�CPEZ � Soap designed for washing the face is … because the skin on the face is very sensitive and can easily become irritated and itchy proof *O�ZPVS�DPVOUSZ �EP�ZPV�IBWF�UP�DBSSZ�EPDVNFOUT�BT�QSPPG�PG�ZPVS� JEFOUJUZ � Yes, in my country, we have to … ~ No, in my country, we don’t have to ... saying 8IBU�EPFT�UIJT�TBZJOH�NFBO��ǿ)PNF�JT�XIFSF�UIF�IFBSU�JTǿ The saying “Home is …“ means that your real home is not always the house or flat where you live; it is the place where you feel most comfortable or where you feel that you belong trap 8IBU�DBO�XF�QVU�JO�B�USBQ�UP�DBUDI�B�NPVTF � We can put many different types of food, such as chocolate or cheese, in a trap to catch a mouse pot cooking pot flowerpot coffee pot teapot Name me some different kinds of pots, please. Some different kinds of pots are cooking pots, flowerpots, coffee pots, teapots etc. 806 in relation to relationship relative overweight %P�ZPV�UIJOL�NPTU�QFPQMF�JO�ZPVS�DPVOUSZ�BSF�PWFSXFJHIU�PS�VOEFSXFJHIU� JO�SFMBUJPO�UP�UIFJS�IFJHIU � I think most people … in relation to their height %PFT�ZPVS�DPVOUSZ�IBWF�B�HPPE�SFMBUJPOTIJQ�XJUI�NPTU�PG�JUT� OFJHICPVSJOH�DPVOUSJFT � Yes, my country has … ~ No, my country doesn’t have … 8IBU�EP�XF�NFBO�XIFO�XF�TBZ�UIBU�FWFSZUIJOH�JT�SFMBUJWF When we say that everything is relative, we mean that what we think of something often depends on what we are comparing it to (JWF�NF�BO�FYBNQMF �QMFBTF�� A man is only considered tall if the people around him are shorter than he is. If he were surrounded by people who were taller than him, he would be considered short. It’s all relative. at sea by sea )PX�MPOH�BSF�ZPV�BU�TFB�GPS�XIFO�ZPV�USBWFM�CZ�TFB�GSPN�&VSPQF�UP� "NFSJDB � How long you are at sea for when you travel by ... depends on the ship, but I reckon about ... Idiom 44 UPVDI�XPPE���what people say when they touch something that is made of wood in the hope of preventing bad luck e.g. We’ve been very lucky and everything’s gone very well so far; touch wood. 8IBU�EP�QFPQMF�EP�BOE�TBZ�XIFO�UIFZ�IPQF�UP�QSFWFOU�CBE�MVDL When people …, they touch something that is made of wood and say “Touch wood!“ (JWF�NF�BO�FYBNQMF �QMFBTF�� I’ve been driving now for ten years without an accident; touch wood! 807 Dictation 97 She picked up her wedding ring/ from the floor/ and put it back on her finger./ A bird has a pair of wings/ and a tail./ The value of goods/ depends a great deal/ on how much they are in demand./ The ball rolled straight towards me./ Unless the sea is extremely rough,/ I never feel seasick./ Please stop rocking the chair/ backwards and forwards./ Most people like to live a quiet life,/ but often find their lives/ are interfered with/ by those who like to stir up trouble./ A chicken is not a very brave bird. 808 LESSON 144 “By” and its many uses go past nearby There are many expressions in English that contain the word “by“. Here are some examples: 1) “The traffic passed by my house“ means that the traffic went past my house. 2) “Mr Williams lives by himself“ means that nobody lives with him, whereas “Mr Williams did the job by himself“ means that he did it without any help. 3) “He worked by night and slept by day“ means that he worked during the night and slept during the day. 4) “This play was written by Shakespeare“ means that Shakespeare was the writer of this play. 5) “He worked in the town and lived in a nearby village“ means that he lived in a village that was near the town. Notice that we cannot say “a near town“; we must say “a nearby town“. /PX �*�XJMM�TBZ�B�TFOUFODF�BOE�*�XBOU�ZPV�UP�NBLF�B�TJNJMBS�TFOUFODF�XJUI�UIF�XPSE�ǿCZȀ� *�TBX�IJN�HPJOH�QBTU�NZ�IPVTF�ZFTUFSEBZ��� I saw him passing by my house yesterday Henry sat alone in the room. Henry sat in the room by himself )FOSZ�EJE�UIF�USBOTMBUJPO�XJUIPVU�IFMQ�� � � Henry did the translation by himself Cats prefer to hunt during the night. Cats prefer to hunt by night 809 810 .Z�TJTUFS�XBT�UIF�QBJOUFS�PG�UIJT�QJDUVSF�� � � This picture was painted by my sister *T�JU�DPSSFDU�UP�TBZ�ǿ5IF�NBO�MJWFE�JO�B�OFBS�UPXOǿ � No, it isn’t correct to … 8IBU�NVTU�XF�TBZ�JOTUFBE � We must say “The man lived in a nearby town“ instead in season out of season "SF�BQQMFT�JO�TFBTPO�PS�PVU�PG�TFBTPO�BU�UIF�NPNFOU � � Apples are … season at the moment thread needle sew compass injection 8IBU�BN�*�QSFUFOEJOH�UP�EP � You’re pretending to thread a piece of cotton through the eye of a needle "CPVU�IPX�MPOH�EPFT�B�UISFBE�PG�DPUUPO�IBWF�UP�CF�UP�TFX�B�CVUUPO�PO�B� TIJSU � A thread of cotton has to be about … cm long to sew a button on a shirt 8IBU�PUIFS�LJOET�PG�OFFEMFT�BSF�UIFSF�CFTJEFT�TFXJOH�OFFEMFT Besides sewing needles, there are compass needles, injection needles etc. agent agency 8IZ�EP�QSPGFTTJPOBM�BDUPST�IBWF�BHFOUT � Professional actors have agents to help them find suitable work 8IFO�ZPV�HP�PO�IPMJEBZ �EP�ZPV�QSFGFS�UP�MFU�B�USBWFM�BHFODZ�EFBM�XJUI� FWFSZUIJOH�GPS�ZPV �PS�EP�ZPV�QSFGFS�UP�NBLF�BMM�ZPVS�BSSBOHFNFOUT� ZPVSTFMG � When I go on holiday, I prefer to … title champion boxer 8IBU�XBT�UIF�UJUMF�PG�UIF�MBTU�CPPL�ZPV�SFBE The title of the last book I read was … 8IP �BU�QSFTFOU �IPMET�UIF�UJUMF�PG�XPSME�IFBWZXFJHIU�DIBNQJPO�CPYFS � At present, … holds the title of … 811 enormous 8PVME�JU�DBVTF�FOPSNPVT�QSPCMFNT�JG�BMM�UIF�USBGʝD�MJHIUT�JO�UIJT�UPXO� TVEEFOMZ�TUPQQFE�XPSLJOH � Yes, it’d cause … ~ No, it wouldn’t cause belief %P�ZPV�UIJOL�UIBU�SFMJHJPVT�CFMJFG�JT�JODSFBTJOH�JO�UIF�XPSME�HFOFSBMMZ �PS� CFDPNJOH�MFTT�JNQPSUBOU � I think that religious belief is … effort stay in touch with *T�JU�BO�FGGPSU�GPS�ZPV�UP�HFU�VQ�JO�UIF�NPSOJOH � Yes, it’s an effort … ~ No, it isn’t an effort … %P�ZPV�NBLF�BO�FGGPSU�UP�TUBZ�JO�UPVDI�XJUI�BOZ�PG�UIF�QFPQMF�ZPV�VTFE�UP� HP�UP�TDIPPM�XJUI � Yes, I make … ~ No, I don’t make … tolerate *G�ZPV�MJWFE�OFYU�UP�BO�BJSQPSU �EP�ZPV�UIJOL�ZPVǽE�CF�BCMF�UP�UPMFSBUF�UIF� OPJTF�PG�UIF�QMBOFT � Yes, if I lived …, I think I’d … ~ No, if I lived …, I don’t think I’d … go ahead just the same 8IFO�ZPV�XFSF�B�DIJME�BOE�ZPVS�QBSFOUT�GPSCBEF�ZPV�UP�EP�TPNFUIJOH � EJE�ZPV�VTF�UP�HP�BIFBE�BOE�EP�JU�KVTU�UIF�TBNF � Yes, when I was a child and …, I used to … ~ No, when I was a child and …, I didn’t use to … 8IBU�XFSF�UIF�DPOTFRVFODFT � The consequences were that ... bath bathe sunbathe The difference between “bath“ and “bathe“ is that “bath“ is generally used as a noun, whereas “bathe“ is generally used as a verb. We have (or take) a bath in a bathroom, whereas we bathe in the sea, in a river, in a swimming pool etc. 812 8IBUǽT�UIF�EJGGFSFODF�CFUXFFO�ǿCBUIǿ�BOE�ǿCBUIFǿ The difference between … Other uses of the word “bathe“ are, for example, “to sunbathe“, “to bathe a wound with water“ etc. 8IZ�EP�QFPQMF�TPNFUJNFT�CBUIF�UIFJS�FZFT � People sometimes … because they have something in their eyes that is causing irritation, or because their eyes feel tired %P�ZPV�FOKPZ�TVOCBUIJOH � Yes, I enjoy sunbathing ~ No, I don’t enjoy sunbathing cheat 8IBU�EP�ZPV�UIJOL�PVHIU�UP�IBQQFO�XIFO�B�TUVEFOU�JT�DBVHIU�DIFBUJOH�JO� BO�FYBN � When a student is caught cheating in an exam, I think they should be sent out of the room etc. $BO�ZPV�OBNF�NF�B�XFMM�LOPXO�DIFBU�GSPN�UIF�XPSME�PG�TQPSU�PS�QPMJUJDT � Yes, I can … ~ No, I can’t … 8IP dip horizon horizontal %P�ZPV�UIJOL�JUǽT�CBE�NBOOFST�UP�EJQ�CJTDVJUT�JOUP�B�DVQ�PG�UFB�PS�DPGGFF Yes, I think … ~ No, I don’t think … 8IBUǽT�NZ�IBOE�EPJOH � You’re hand’s moving in a horizontal direction, then suddenly dipping and coming up again %PFT�UIF�TVO�SJTF�PWFS�UIF�IPSJ[PO�JO�UIF�FBTU�PS�UIF�XFTU �� � The sun rises over the horizon in the east feed – fed – fed *G�B�EPH�TJUT�MPPLJOH�BU�ZPV�XIJMF�ZPVǽSF�FBUJOH�B�NFBM �EP�ZPV�GFFE�JU� XIJMF�ZPVǽSF�FBUJOH �PS�EP�ZPV�MFBWF�B�MJUUMF�CJU�PG�GPPE�PO�ZPVS�QMBUF�BOE� GFFE�JU�UP�UIF�EPH�BGUFS�ZPVǽWF�ʝOJTIFE � If a dog sits …, I … 813 hay straw stem The difference between hay and straw is that hay is dried grass, whereas straw is the stems of wheat or other types of corn after it has been cut. 8IBUǽT�UIF�EJGGFSFODF�CFUXFFO�IBZ�BOE�TUSBX � � � The difference … is that hay is … The possessive apostrophe For people and animals, we almost always use the apostrophe to communicate possession. For example, we say “Mr Johnson’s tie“, “my uncle’s house“, “the horse’s tail“ etc. We sometimes use it for things as well. For example, we can say “The book’s main purpose is to teach“, which is the same as saying “The main purpose of the book is to teach“. However, for things, we generally communicate possession by using the word “of“, and we say, for example, “the door of the house“, or “the smell of the food“. 8IFO�EP�XF�VTF�UIF�BQPTUSPQIF�UP�DPNNVOJDBUF�QPTTFTTJPO We generally use the apostrophe to communicate possession for people or animals (JWF�NF�TPNF�FYBNQMFT �QMFBTF��� Steven’s house, the dog’s nose )PX�EP�XF�HFOFSBMMZ�DPNNVOJDBUF�QPTTFTTJPO�GPS�UIJOHT We generally communicate possession for things by using the word “of“ (JWF�NF�BO�FYBNQMF �QMFBTF�� the streets of London, the peace of the countryside Idiom 45 UIF�MBTU�TUSBX���the last of several bad things that have happened, which makes you realize you cannot stand a situation anymore e.g. I’ve tried very hard to tolerate the noise from our neighbours but this is the last straw. I’m going to say something to them. 8IBU�EPFT�UIF�JEJPN�ǿUIF�MBTU�TUSBXǿ�NFBO � The idiom … “the last of several …“ 814 815 (JWF�NF�BO�FYBNQMF �QMFBTF�� After all the other difficulties we’d had with the house, the problem with the heating system was the last straw development Dictation 98 The storm had caused/ a lot of damage on the beach,/ which took a lot of tidying up./ It was the first time/ he had ever spoken in public,/ and it was clear/ that the poor man/ was suffering from stage fright./ Our plans were at/ a very advanced stage of development/ when we suddenly had to change them entirely,/ and in doing so received/ a stream of emails/ protesting about our decision./ They all went to the railway station/ to wave goodbye to their guest. Do Revision Exercise 65 LESSON 145 preference cuisine %P�ZPV�IBWF�B�TUSPOH�QSFGFSFODF�GPS�BOZ�QBSUJDVMBS�OBUJPOBM�DVJTJOF � Yes, I have … ~ No, I don’t have … 8IJDI style )BWF�ZPV�FWFS�IBE�B�IBJSTUZMF�UIBU�XBT�DPNQMFUFMZ�EJGGFSFOU�GSPN�UIF�POF� ZPV�IBWF�OPX � Yes, I’ve had … ~ No, I’ve never had … help yourself can’t help "U�B�QBSUZ �EP�ZPV�UIJOL�JUǽT�CFUUFS�UP�MFU�FWFSZPOF�IFMQ�UIFNTFMWFT�UP�UIF� GPPE �PS�EP�ZPV�UIJOL�JUǽT�CFUUFS�GPS�UIFN�UP�CF�TFSWFE�CZ�TPNFPOF At a party, I think it’s better … *T�UIFSF�BOZ�NJTUBLF�JO�&OHMJTI�UIBU�ZPV�DBOǽU�IFMQ�NBLJOH�XIFO�ZPV�XSJUF� PS�TQFBL � Yes, there’s a mistake in … ~ No, there isn’t any mistake in … 8IJDI load barrel lead rod 8IJDI�BOJNBM�EP�ZPV�UIJOL�DBO�QVMM�UIF�IFBWJFTU�MPBE � � I think the elephant can … )PX�EJE�UIFZ�VTF�UP�MPBE�B�HVO�JO�UIF�PME�EBZT They used to load a gun in the old days by pouring gunpowder down the barrel of the gun, then dropping a lead ball down the barrel onto the powder, and then, finally, pushing everything down with a metal rod %P�ZPV�LOPX�IPX�UP�VTF�B�ʝTIJOH�SPE � Yes, I know … ~ No, I don’t know … 816 817 voyage space 8IBU�JT�B�WPZBHF � A voyage is a long journey onwater or in space tour tourist )BWF�ZPV�FWFS�CFFO�PO�B�UPVS�PG�B�DJUZ�PO�BO�PQFO�UPQQFE�CVT � � Yes, I’ve been on ... ~ No, I’ve never been on ... 8IFSF /BNF�NF�TPNFXIFSF�JO�UIJT�DPVOUSZ�UIBUǽT�WJTJUFE�CZ�UPVSJTUT�UISPVHIPVU� the year. … is somewhere in … pet rabbit *T�JU�DIFBQFS�UP�LFFQ�B�SBCCJU�BT�B�QFU�UIBO�B�EPH � Yes, it’s cheaper … run on create 8IZ�BSF�DBST�UIBU�SVO�PO�FMFDUSJDJUZ�CFDPNJOH�NPSF�QPQVMBS�UIFTF�EBZT Cars that … because they don’t create any pollution 8PVME�JU�DSFBUF�CJH�QSPCMFNT�GPS�ZPV�JG�ZPV�MPTU�ZPVS�NPCJMF�QIPOF Yes, it’d create … ~ No, it wouldn’t create … 8IZ�PS�XIZ�OPU situated 8IZ�BSF�DBTUMFT�PGUFO�TJUVBUFE�PO�IJHI�HSPVOE � Castles are often situated on high ground because, in the past, this made it more difficult for enemies to attack cloth 8IBU�LJOE�PG�DMPUI�JT�NPTU�DPNNPOMZ�VTFE�UP�NBLF�NFOǽT�TVJUT � Wool is most commonly used … 818 convince try set free 8IFO�B�NBO�DPNNJUT�NVSEFS�BOE�UIF�MBX�DBOOPU�QSPWF�IF�EJE�JU �FWFO� UIPVHI�FWFSZPOF�JT�DPOWJODFE�IF�EJE �XIBU�IBQQFOT � When a man …, even though …, the man is set free "OE�JG�OFX�FWJEFODF�JT�EJTDPWFSFE�BGUFS�UIF�NBO�IBT�CFFO�TFU�GSFF �DBO�IF� CF�USJFE�BHBJO � Yes, in some countries, if new evidence … relieve relief pill painkiller 8IBU�EP�XF�DBMM�UIF�QJMMT�UIBU�XF�UBLF�UP�SFMJFWF�B�IFBEBDIF We call … painkillers )PX�MPOH�JT�B�TPMEJFS�HFOFSBMMZ�PO�HVBSE�GPS�CFGPSF�IFǽT�SFMJFWFE � A soldier is generally on guard for maybe two to four hours before he’s relieved 8IBUǽT�UIF�OPVO�PG�ǿSFMJFWFǿ � The noun ... is “relief“ %VSJOH�B�XBS �XIBU�EP�XF�NFBO�CZ�3FE�$SPTT�SFMJFG During a war, by Red Cross relief, we mean the food, medicine and protection that the Red Cross provide to people whose lives are being affected by the war self selfish self-control control 8IZ�JT�JU�UIBU�XF�TFMEPN�LOPX�BOPUIFS�QFSTPOǽT�SFBM�TFMG The reason we seldom ... is that most people keep some of their true character and feelings hidden from others %P�QFPQMF�XIP�BSF�TQPJMU�BT�DIJMESFO�PGUFO�HSPX�VQ�UP�CF�TFMʝTI�BT� BEVMUT � Yes, people who are … 8IBU�EP�XF�NFBO�CZ�TFMG�DPOUSPM By self-control, we mean control over our own feelings, desires and emotions without discipline coming from others 819 lie – lay – lain lie – lied – lied lay – laid – laid Three verbs which sometimes get confused with one another are: 1) the irregular verb “to lie“, meaning “to be in a horizontal position“, its three forms being “lie, lay, lain“; 2) the regular verb “to lie“, meaning “not to tell the truth“, its three forms being “lie, lied, lied“; and 3) the verb “to lay“, meaning “to put carefully on a surface“, its three forms being “lay, laid, laid“. 8IBU�BSF�UIF�UISFF�GPSNT�PG�UIF�JSSFHVMBS�WFSC�ǿUP�MJFǿ�BOE�XIBU�EPFT�JU� NFBO � The three forms … “lie, lay, lain“, and it means “to be in a horizontal position“ 8IBU�BSF�UIF�UISFF�GPSNT�PG�UIF�SFHVMBS�WFSC�ǿUP�MJFǿ �BOE�XIBU�EPFT�JU� NFBO � The three forms … “lie, lied, lied“, and it means “not to tell the truth“ 8IBU�BSF�UIF�UISFF�GPSNT�PG�UIF�WFSC�ǿUP�MBZǿ�BOE�XIBU�EPFT�JU�NFBO The three forms … “lay, laid, laid“, and it means “to put carefully on a surface“ tight tight-fitting loose-fitting airtight watertight container 8IBU�BN�*�EPJOH � You’re holding on tightly to the arm (or side) of the chair 8IBUǽT�UIF�DPOUSBSZ�PG�ǿUJHIUǿ � The contrary … “loose“ 8IJDI�BSF�NPSF�DPNGPSUBCMF��UJHIU�ʝUUJOH�PS�MPPTF�ʝUUJOH�DMPUIFT Loose-fitting clothes … 8IBU�EP�XF�NFBO�XIFO�XF�TBZ�B�DPOUBJOFS�JT�BJSUJHIU�BOE�XBUFSUJHIU When we say a …, we mean that no air or water can pass into it from outside, or vice versa 820 aim take aim 8IBU�BN�*�QSFUFOEJOH�UP�EP � You’re pretending to take aim at the window with a gun )BWF�ZPV�HPU�BOZ�QBSUJDVMBS�BJN�JO�MJGF � Yes, I’ve got a … ~ No, I haven’t got any ... 8IBU damp *T�JU�IFBMUIZ�UP�MJWF�JO�B�EBNQ�IPVTF � No, it isn’t healthy to … 8IZ�OPU � Because it can make us ill indeed emphasis 8IBU�EPFT�UIF�XPSE�ǿJOEFFEǿ�NFBO �BOE�XIFO�EP�XF�VTF�JU The word “indeed“ means “really“, and we often add it for emphasis when we use the word “very“ (JWF�NF�TPNF�FYBNQMFT �QMFBTF�� It’s very cold today indeed. She sings very beautifully indeed. Tigers are very dangerous animals indeed. jaw 8IBU�QBSU�PG�UIF�CPEZǽT�UIJT � It’s the jaw ladder vertical Describe a ladder, please. A ladder consists of two long vertical pieces of wood or metal, connected together by several short horizontal pieces of wood or metal 8IBU�EP�XF�VTF�B�MBEEFS�GPS � We use a ladder for climbing up walls, trees etc. 821 admit take place punishment 8IBU�NVTU�ZPV�CVZ�JO�PSEFS�UP�CF�BENJUUFE�UP�UIF�DJOFNB You must buy a ticket in order to ... *G�B�DSJNJOBM�BENJUT�UIFJS�HVJMU�CFGPSF�BOZ�USJBM�UBLFT�QMBDF �JT�UIFJS� QVOJTINFOU�PGUFO�SFEVDFE�CZ�UIF�KVEHF � Yes, if a criminal …, their punishment … Idiom 46 B�MPBE�PGG�POFǽT�NJOE���a relief from worry e.g. Now that I know the results at last, it’s a load off my mind. 8IBU�EPFT�UIF�JEJPN�ǿB�MPBE�PGG�POFǽT�NJOEǿ�NFBO �� � � The idiom … “a relief from worry“ (JWF�NF�BO�FYBNQMF �QMFBTF�� I’m glad you’ve arrived safely; it’s a great load off my mind Dictation 99 I am afraid/ I cannot recommend him for the job./ The soldier was wounded during the battle./ They decided to separate/ and sit at separate tables./ We generally finish a business letter/ with “Yours faithfully“ or “Yours sincerely“./ When we apply for a job,/ the manager, or whoever it might be,/ usually asks for a reference./ The corn stood shoulder high/ but was, unfortunately,/ full of weeds./ There is still a chance/ that the envelope containing the money/ might be found./ It was only a slight injury,/ so there was no need/ to visit the hospital. 822 Revision Exercise 57 (Lessons 118 – 119) 1 When we use countable nouns in the general sense, what do we do with them? 2 Is it correct to say “the water is necessary for the life“? 3 What are the articles in English? � What kind of worms are there? � Do you think some people deserve more of the good things in life than others? 6 Do you pay frequent visits to your doctor? 7 What are the main attractions of the place where you live? 8 Do you think most people these days are too busy with their own lives to care about the rest of the people in the world? 9 What do we mean by “miserable weather“? 10 Do you ever get very emotional when you watch a sad film? 11 What are two common uses of the structure “to be“ + infinitive with “to“? 12 How old must you be before you can vote in elections in this country? 13 What is unemployment? �� Is it always possible to put theory into practice? �� If you decided to set up a business in the place where you lived, what kind of business would you choose? 16 When don't we use “could“ as the past of “can“? 17 Is it in your nature to worry about things too much? 18 Are the cars that people drive today more efficient than the cars of fifty years ago? 19 What colour clothes do you think suit you best? 20 Do you think regular physical exercise can have any effect on how happy someone feels? "OTXFST 1 When we use countable nouns in the general sense, we put them in the plural and we do not put an article in front of them. 2 No, it isn't correct to say “the water is necessary for the life“; we say “water is necessary for life”. 3 The articles in English are “the“, “a“ and “an“. � There are earthworms, silkworms, woodworms etc. � Yes, I think some people deserve more of the good things in life than others. ~ No, I don't think some people deserve more of the good things in life than others. 6 Yes, I pay frequent visits to my doctor. ~ No, I don't pay frequent visits to my doctor.7 The main attractions of the place where I live are … 8 Yes, I think most people these days are too busy with their own lives to care about the rest of the people in the world. ~ No, I don't think most people these days are too busy with their own lives to care about the rest of the people in the world. 9 By “miserable weather“ we mean cold and rainy weather. 10 Yes, I sometimes get very emotional when I watch a sad film. ~ No, I never get very emotional when I watch a sad film. 11 Two common uses of the structure “to be“ + infinitive with “to“ are to communicate an arrangement or an obligation. 12 You must be … before you can vote in elections in this country. 13 Unemployment is when there's not enough work for everyone. �� No, it isn't always possible to put theory into practice. �� If I decided to set up a business in the place where I lived, the kind of business I’d choose would be ... 16 We don't use “could“ as the past of “can“ if we talk about a particular occasion when somebody managed to do something. 17 Yes, it’s in my nature to worry about things too much. ~ No, it isn’t in my nature to worry about things too much. 18 Yes, the cars that people drive today are more efficient than the cars of fifty years ago. 19 I think … clothes suit me best. 20 Yes, I think regular physical exercise can have some effect on how happy someone feels. ~ No, I don't think regular physical exercise can have any effect on how happy someone feels. Revision Exercise 58 (Lessons 120 – 121) 1 Is there anything you should have done yesterday but didn't do? 2 What's the biggest expense in your daily life? 3 What does it mean to postpone a game of football? � Name some situations that people normally find stressful. � When we're painting a room, what is it important to do first of all? 6 Why should shopkeepers always try to be polite when they attend to customers? 7 What kind of things move people to tears? 8 What'd you do if you wanted to spoil someone's pleasure in eating their lunch? 9 If you were dying of hunger, would you share your last piece of food with another dying person? 10 What does the idiom “I don't know if I'm coming or going” mean? 11 What does somebody mean if they say that they needn’t have done something? 12 Why is courage considered by some people the greatest of all the virtues? 13 Which animal is man's most loyal companion? �� What's the right spirit to adopt when learning a language? �� Does traffic flow smoothly during the rush hour? 16 Would you dare to swim in the sea in the middle of winter? 17 Where were you brought up? 18 What'd you have to do in order to fix a picture up on a wall? 19 If you went to a dinner party at somebody's house and criticized their cooking, would you expect to be invited back again? 20 What does the idiom “fall to pieces” mean? "OTXFST 1 Yes, there's something I should have done yesterday but didn't do. ~ No, there isn't anything I should have done yesterday but didn't do. 2 The biggest expense in my daily life is ... 3 To postpone a game of football means to delay the game until a better time. � Some situations that people normally find stressful are arguments, examinations, job interviews etc. � When we're painting a room, first of all it's important to cover the furniture so that it doesn't get paint on it. 6 Shopkeepers should always try to be polite when they attend to customers because they want the customers to come back again. 7 The kind of things that move people to tears are music, sad films, weddings etc. 8 If I wanted to spoil someone's pleasure in eating their lunch, I'd talk about something unpleasant. 9 Yes, if I were dying of hunger, I'd share my last piece of food with another dying person. ~ No, if I were dying of hunger, I wouldn't share my last piece of food with another dying person. 10 The idiom “I don't know if I'm coming or going” means “I am confused”. 11 If somebody says that they needn’t have done something, it means that they did it, but it was, in fact, not necessary. 12 Courage is considered by some people the greatest of all the virtues because one needs it to be able to practise the other virtues. 13 The dog is man's most loyal companion. �� The right spirit to adopt when learning a language is that it's better to speak and make a mistake than not to speak because of being afraid of making a mistake. �� No, traffic doesn’t flow smoothly during the rush hour. 16 Yes, I would dare to swim in the sea in the middle of winter. ~ No, I wouldn’t dare to swim in the sea in the middle of winter. 17 I was brought up in … 18 In order to fix a picture up on a wall, I'd need to hammer a nail into the wall and hang the picture on the nail. 19 No, if I went to a dinner party at somebody's house and criticized their cooking, I wouldn't expect to be invited back again. 20 The idiom “fall to pieces” means “lose control of yourself and your emotions after something bad has happened”. Revision Exercise 59 (Lessons 122 – 123) 1 Apart from being a measure of distance, what can the word “yard” mean? 2 What kind of amusements are there in your home town? 3 Can photography be an expensive hobby? � Can most people afford to eat in restaurants every day? � Where could you find information regarding concerts and other events in your area? 6 Why is leather a good material for making bags from? 7 Are your eyes sensitive to bright light? 8 Are you sensible with money? 9 Is it sensible to run across the road without looking? 10 If you add up figures in an accounts book and find they don't balance, what must you do? 11 In which situation do we use the definite article “the“ when we use a noun for the first time? 12 Do we use the indefinite article when we talk about people's jobs? 13 Do you note down all the new English words you hear? �� What colour are the banknotes of your country? �� Why did soldiers wear armour in the old days? 16 Can a court find someone guilty of a crime if there is no evidence? 17 What are the letters “i.e.“ the abbreviation of? 18 What does it mean if we say that we are used to something? 19 Why do we put the gerund after the expression “to be used to“? 20 Do you think you could ever get used to living in a country where your language wasn't spoken? "OTXFST 1 Apart from being a measure of distance, the word “yard” can mean an open space outside a building, enclosed by walls, but with no roof. 2 In my home town, there are amusements such as cinemas, theatres etc. 3 Yes, photography can be an expensive hobby. � No, most people can’t afford to eat in restaurants every day. � You could find information regarding concerts and other events in your area by looking in local newspapers, visiting websites etc. 6 Leather is a good material for making bags from because it’s soft but also very strong. 7 Yes, my eyes are sensitive to bright light. ~ No, my eyes aren't sensitive to bright light. 8 Yes, I'm sensible with money. ~ No, I'm not sensible with money. 9 No, it isn't sensible to run across the road without looking. 10 If you add up figures in an accounts book and find they don't balance, you must add them up again. 11 We use the definite article “the“ when we use a noun for the first time only when the speaker and the listener both know who or what is being talked about. 12 Yes, we use the indefinite article when we talk about people's jobs. 13 Yes, I note down all the new English words I hear. ~ No, I don't note down all the new English words I hear. �� The banknotes of my country are … �� Soldiers wore armour in the old days to protect themselves in battle. 16 No, a court can't find someone guilty of a crime if there is no evidence. 17 The letters “i.e.“are the abbreviation of “id est“, which is Latin for “that is“. 18 If we say that we are used to something, it means that it is not strange or uncomfortable for us anymore because we have experience of it. 19 We put the gerund after the expression “to be used to“ because the word “to“ is a preposition. 20 Yes, I think I could get used to living in a country where my language wasn't spoken. ~ No, I don't think I could ever get used to living in a country where my language wasn't spoken. Revision Exercise 60 (Lessons 124 – 125) 1 When arguing with someone, do you ever suddenly agree with them just for the sake of peace and quiet? 2 Do you think a sense of humour is one of the most important parts of a person’s character? 3 When discussing painting, who do we mean by the old masters? � Now, I will give you a sentence and I want you to make a similar sentence with the word “so”: “We wore very light clothes in order not to suffer from the heat”. � What's the danger of giving children too much praise? 6 Do sensitive people sometimes take criticism too personally? 7 What do they give a hospital patient to make them unconscious before an operation? 8 What do we use to split wood? 9 When you eat in a restaurant with a group of friends, do you think the bill should be split equally among everyone or do you think each person should pay for what they personally ordered? 10 What does the idiom “kill two birds with one stone” mean? 11 When was the mobile phone invented? 12 Give me some examples of mountain chains. 13 When a person retires from work after many years of employment in the same company, are they usually presented with a gift? �� When do people swear? �� If you parked a car outside your house and left it idle for a few months, would it get very dirty? 16 Why do we always remember certain scenes in a film better than we remember others? 17 What do we call a part of a song that is repeated more than once: a verse or a chorus? 18 How do people pray, and what do they usually say in their prayers? 19 Tell me the name of a job that you think combines work and pleasure. 20 What does the idiom “go in one ear and out the other“ mean? "OTXFST 1 Yes, when arguing with someone, I sometimes suddenly agree with them just for the sake of peace and quiet. ~ No, when arguing with someone, I never suddenly agree with them just for the sake of peace and quiet. 2 Yes, I think a sense of humour is one of the most important parts of a person’s character. ~ No, I don’t think a sense of humour is one of the most important parts of a person’s character. 3 When discussing painting, by the old masters we mean painters such as Rembrandt, Michelangelo etc. � “We wore very light clothes so as not to suffer from the heat”. � The danger of giving children too much praise is that they might think they are better than they really are and start to become careless in their work. 6 Yes, sensitive people sometimes take criticism too personally. 7 They usually give a hospital patient a special kind of gas or an injection to make them unconscious before an operation. 8 We use an axe to split wood. 9 When I eat in a restaurant with a group of friends, I think the bill should be split equally among everyone/each person should pay for what they personally ordered. 10 The idiom “kill two birds with one stone” means “do two things at the same time and, therefore, save time and energy”. 11 The mobile phone was invented in 1973. 12 Some examples of mountain chains are the Andes, the Himalayas, the Alps etc. 13 Yes, when a person retires from work after many years of employment in the same company, they are usually presented with a gift. �� People swear when they hurt themselves or when they’re very angry. �� Yes, if I parked a car outside my house and left it idle for a few months, it'd get very dirty. 16 We always remember certain scenes in a film better than we remember others because they are very emotional or full of action. 17 We call a part of a song that is repeated more than once a chorus. 18 People often pray with their eyes closed, and they usually ask for something in their prayers. 19 The name of a job that I think combines work and pleasure is … 20 The idiom “go in one ear and out the other“ means “be heard but then immediately forgotten”. Revision Exercise 61 (Lessons 126 – 127) 1 Extend your arms towards the ceiling, please. What are you doing? 2 When did the United States of America become independent from Britain? 3 When you were a young child, were you completely dependent on your parents for everything? � Why is it important to be punctual when you have an appointment with your doctor or dentist? � What does the verb “wish” communicate? 6 Do you wish you were relaxing on a beach at the moment? 7 Are you the kind of person who enjoys talking about the ideal, theoretical state of things, or do you consider such things a waste of time and prefer to talk about the actual state of things? 8 When you pay for something in a shop, do you always check to see that they have given you the right change? 9 Which tool would you need if you wanted to hit a nail into a piece of wood? 10 What do we mean when we say that someone's full of beans? 11 Why does a car have to edge forward slowly when turning from a side street into a main street? 12 How do most adjectives of two syllables which have the stress on the first syllable form their comparatives and superlatives? 13 How do we form the comparatives and superlatives of adverbs that are made by adding “-ly” to an adjective? �� Do you feel any anxiety about the future of the world? �� Supposing you could entertain a famous person at your house, either a great figure in history or someone alive today, who would you choose? 16 What do we mean by the background of a picture or a photograph? 17 What kind of activities do you apply your energy to most? 18 Name me a profession that is both highly respected and highly paid. 19 Which is one of the most ancient civilizations in the history of the world? 20 If a student gets an “A“ grade in an exam, is that a good result or a bad result? "OTXFST 1 I’m extending my arm towards the ceiling. 2 The United States of America became independent from Britain on the 4th of July, 1776. 3 Yes, when I was a young child, I was completely dependent on my parents for everything. � It's important to be punctual when you have an appointment with your doctor or dentist because they might not be able to see you if you arrive late. � The verb “wish” communicates the idea that we would like things to be different from the way they in fact are now, or were in the past. 6 Yes, I wish I was relaxing on a beach at the moment. ~ No, I don’t wish I was relaxing on a beach at the moment. 7 I'm the kind of person who enjoys talking about the ideal, theoretical state of things. ~ I'm not the kind of person who enjoys talking about the ideal, theoretical state of things; I consider such things a waste of time and prefer to talk about the actual state of things. 8 Yes, when I pay for something in a shop, I always check to see that they have given me the right change. ~ No, when I pay for something in a shop, I don’t always check to see that they have given me the right change. 9 I'd need a hammer if I wanted to hit a nail into a piece of wood. 10 When we say that someone's full of beans, we mean they’re full of life and energy. 11 A car has to edge forward slowly when turning from a side street into a main street so that the other cars have enough time to see what it intends doing. 12 Most adjectives of two syllables which have the stress on the first syllable form their comparatives and superlatives by adding “-er”and “-est”. 13 We form the comparatives and superlatives of adverbs that are made by adding “-ly” to an adjective by using “more than” and “the most”. �� Yes, I feel some anxiety about the future of the world. ~ No, I don't feel any anxiety about the future of the world. �� Supposing I could entertain a famous person at my house, either a great figure in history or someone alive today, I'd choose … 16 By the background of a picture or a photograph, we mean the part which is behind the main subject. 17 The kind of activities I apply my energy to most are … 18 A profession that is both highly respected and highly paid is … 19 One of the most ancient civilizations in the history of the world is the Egyptian civilization, or the Babylonian. 20 If a student gets an “A“ grade in an exam, that's a good result. Revision Exercise 62 (Lessons 128 – 129) 1 Now that you are at this stage of your English studies, do you think you'd be able to travel abroad confident of making yourself understood in the language? 2 If a friend of yours wants to go to one cinema and you want to go to another, and you can't agree about which to go to, what do you do? 3 What do you think ought to be done with drivers who don't take care whilst driving, and consequently run people over? � If you went for dinner at a friend's house but didn't care much for the food, would you still tell them it was good? � What does the expression “I dare say you're right“ mean? 6 Why do we rub our hands together in cold weather? 7 If you found yourself face to face with a killer with a knife in his hand, what'd you do? 8 What can the word “thus” mean? 9 If the cost of living suddenly rose and you needed to economize, what changes would you make in your life? 10 Why does food become scarce in war time? 11 If you held a dinner party and served food that had been cooked in a microwave, would it make a good impression on your guests? 12 Does it anger you when an airline makes an additional charge for luggage? 13 Do you feel insulted if a foreign person says negative things about your country? �� Why are some people more afraid that they might get killed if they travel by plane than by other means of transport? �� For what purpose does a cat use its whiskers? 16 What are the advantages of an indoor swimming pool? 17 Do you think a small man who was good at judo would be a match for a big man who knew how to box? 18 Why do we have a path in a garden? 19 What do you think is the best thing to do for a sore throat? 20 Is it the custom in your country for people to cross their fingers when they wish for something? If not, what do they do instead? "OTXFST 1 Yes, now that I'm at this stage of my English studies, I think I’d be able to travel abroad confident of making myself understood in the language. ~ No, even though I'm at this stage of my English studies, I don’t think I'd be able to travel abroad confident of making myself understood in the language. 2 If a friend of mine wants to go to one cinema and I want to go to another, and we can't agree about which to go to, we … 3 I think that drivers who don't take care whilst driving, and consequently run people over ought to … � Yes, if I went for dinner at a friend's house but didn't care much for the food, I'd still tell them it was good. ~ No, if I went for dinner at a friend's house but didn't care much for the food, I wouldn't tell them it was good. � The expression “I dare say you're right“ means “I think you're probably right“. 6 We rub our hands together in cold weather because it makes them warmer. 7 If I found myself face to face with a killer with a knife in his hand, I'd … 8 The word “thus” can mean “therefore” or “in this way”. 9 If the cost of living suddenly rose and I needed to economize, I'd … 10 Food becomes scarce in war time because there aren't enough people to work on the farms or in the factories. 11 No, if I held a dinner party and served food that had been cooked in a microwave, it wouldn't make a good impression on my guests. 12 Yes, it angers me when an airline makes an additional charge for luggage. ~ No, it doesn't anger me when an airline makes an additional charge for luggage. 13 Yes, I feel insulted if a foreign person says negative things about my country. ~ No, I don't feel insulted if a foreign person says negative things about my country. �� Some people are more afraid that they might get killed if they travel by plane than by other means of transport because a plane crash is front-page news. �� A cat uses its whiskers to measure the width of a gap in a fence or a hedge to see if it is possible to get through the gap without using force and making a lot of noise. 16 The advantages of an indoor swimming pool are that the water can be heated more easily, and one can swim in it in any kind of weather. 17 Yes, I think a small man who was good at judo would be a match for a big man who knew how to box. ~ No, I don't think a small man who was good at judo would be a match for a big man who knew how to box. 18 We have a path in a garden so that people don't walk on the grass or on the flowers. 19 I think the best thing to do for a sore throat is … 20 Yes, it's the custom in my country for people to cross their fingers when they wish for something. ~ No, it isn't the custom in my country for people to cross their fingers when they wish for something; instead, they … Revision Exercise 63 (Lessons 130 – 131) 1 Give an example of a compound adjective made by putting an adverb or adjective together with a participle. 2 Give an example of a compound adjective made by putting an adjective together with a noun that has the letters “ed“ after it. 3 What's the main unit of currency in your country? � When we speak about driving a car, what's the opposite of “to slow down“? � Give the name of a dish that's peculiar to your country. 6 What's the difference between a nail and a screw? 7 What's the minimum number of people necessary for a game of tennis? 8 When a college student is writing an essay, should they put all their main points in one big paragraph? 9 When we cut ourselves, why might we put a pad of cotton wool over the cut? 10 What do we mean when we say that a map is drawn to a scale of one inch to a mile? 11 What does the idiom “sore point“ mean? 12 Give me an example of an unfinished sentence ending with “to“, please. 13 Why do people have a much greater chance of living to a much greater age these days than they did in the old days? �� Why do people take hold of something when they suddenly become afraid? �� Where'd be the best place to hide from the police in this building? 16 Why do you have to pay attention all the time during a Callan Method lesson? 17 Which nationalities are particularly famous for their food? 18 When do people sweat? 19 What's the difference between “under“ and “underneath“? 20 What does the idiom “get you down“ mean? "OTXFST 1 A beautifully designed jacket, a slow-moving train. 2 A four-legged animal, a blue-eyed baby. 3 The main unit of currency in my country is … � When we speak about driving a car, the opposite of “to slow down” is “to speed up“. � The name of a dish that’s peculiar to my country is … 6 The difference between a nail and a screw is that we hammer a nail into something with a hammer, whereas we screw a screw into something by turning it with a screwdriver. 7 The minimum number of people necessary for a game of tennis is two. 8 No, when a college student is writing an essay, they shouldn’t put all their main points in one big paragraph; they should divide the points between different paragraphs. 9 When we cut ourselves, we might put a pad of cotton wool over the cut to absorb the blood and protectthe wound. 10 When we say that a map is drawn to a scale of one inch to a mile, we mean that one inch on the map represents one mile of actual land. 11 The idiom “sore point” means “a subject which makes somebody feel unhappy or angry when it is mentioned“. 12 He doesn't know if he'll see her at the party but he's hoping to. 13 People have a much greater chance of living to a much greater age these days than they did in the old days because life today is easier and more comfortable, and medicine has improved a lot in recent times. �� People take hold of something when they suddenly become afraid in order to give themselves strength and support. �� The best place to hide from the police in this building would be … 16 I have to pay attention all the time during a Callan Method lesson because the teacher could suddenly ask me a question at any moment. 17 The French, the Italians, the Chinese etc are particularly famous for their food. 18 People sweat when they do exercise, when they are nervous, and when the weather is hot. 19 The difference between “under“ and “underneath“ is that “underneath“ means “under that“ or “under it“, and unlike “under“, it does not usually need to be followed by any other words. 20 The idiom “get you down“ means “make you tired and unhappy“. Revision Exercise 64 (Lessons 132 – 133) 1 What, according to you, is the best way to deal with murderers? 2 In this town, do you get bands of young people going around the streets at night causing disturbances? 3 When browsing on the internet, do you ever follow so many links that you forget what you were originally doing? � How many carriages does the average train consist of? � If you have a car accident and make a claim on your insurance, do you have to give a detailed explanation of what happened? 6 What kind of things do housemates argue about? 7 If you came to the classroom for your lesson one day but there was nobody about, what would you do? 8 Does tea without sugar taste sweet? 9 Do you think there'll always be high levels of poverty in some parts of the world? 10 What does the idiom “touch and go“ mean? 11 When do we use the verb “wish” followed by the word “would”? 12 Would you recommend hitchhiking as a good way for visitors to travel around your country? 13 Of all your personal possessions, which is the most dear to you? �� If you have a headache, what do you think is the best way to ease the pain? �� Have you ever been obliged to appear in court for any reason? 16 If a thief robbed you of something in the street and ran away, what would you do? 17 What kind of objects must be handled very gently when we touch them? 18 Why do they include instruction booklets with new products like televisions and microwaves? 19 Name a tough metal, please. 20 What does the idiom “can't make head or tail of it“ mean? "OTXFST 1 In my opinion, the best way to deal with murderers is to … 2 Yes, in this town, we get bands of young people going around the streets at night causing disturbances. ~ No, in this town, we don't get bands of young people going around the streets at night causing disturbances. 3 Yes, when browsing on the internet, I sometimes follow so many links that I forget what I was originally doing. ~ No, when browsing on the internet, I never follow so many links that I forget what I was originally doing. � The average train consists of about … carriages. � Yes, if I have a car accident and make a claim on my insurance, I have to give a detailed explanation of what happened. 6 The kind of things that housemates argue about are cleaning, noise etc. 7 If I came to the classroom for my lesson one day but there was nobody about, I’d … 8 No, tea without sugar doesn’t taste sweet; it tastes bitter. 9 Yes, I think there’ll always be high levels of poverty in some parts of the world. ~ No, I don't think there’ll always be high levels of poverty in some parts of the world. 10 The idiom “touch and go“ means “very uncertain“. 11 We use the verb “wish” followed by the word “would” when we are unhappy or irritated about something that is happening and we want the situation to change. 12 Yes, I'd recommend hitchhiking as a good way for visitors to travel around my country. ~ No, I wouldn't recommend hitchhiking as a good way for visitors to travel around my country. 13 Of all my personal possessions, my … is/are the most dear to me. �� If I have a headache, I think the best way to ease the pain is … �� Yes, I've been obliged to appear in court for a particular reason. ~ No, I've never been obliged to appear in court for any reason. 16 If a thief robbed me of something in the street and ran away, I'd … 17 The kind of objects that must be handled very gently when we touch them are things such as wine glasses, eggs etc. 18 They include instruction booklets with new products like televisions and microwaves to enable users to understand how they work and what they can do. 19 Steel is a tough metal. 20 The idiom “can't make head or tail of it“ means “can't understand it at all“. Revision Exercise 65 (Lessons 134 – 135) 1 From your point of view, is it better to live in a big city or in the countryside? 2 As far as you’re concerned, which country has the best food in the world? 3 When we're using a screw to hang a picture on a wall, do we turn the screw clockwise or anti-clockwise? � When a member of the public is killed by a police officer, do you think there ought to be an official inquiry into the death? � If you had been a prisoner during the last world war, would you have tried to escape? 6 After washing, what do we wipe our hands and face on? 7 When we buy an interest in a business, what are the documents that we buy called? 8 In a big city like London or Paris, is it preferable for most people to drive a car every day or use public transport? 9 When do we use the expressions “may as well“ or “might as well“? 10 How do people get out of breath? 11 What does the idiom “lucky break“ mean? 12 When we arrive at someone's house, how can we tell if they've recently been cooking? 13 What do we say when we are trying to think of a word or a name that we know well, but we cannot remember it immediately? �� What would happen if you washed some delicate clothes in a washing machine at a high temperature? �� What's a paw? 16 If you noticed somebody struggling to get a pushchair onto a bus, would you assist them? 17 If someone called you on your mobile but you were otherwise engaged with something important, would you take the call? 18 If you had to perform in a play, what kind of part would you like to perform? 19 Why do farmers sometimes plant seeds carefully in the ground in rows rather than just scatter them on the land? 20 What does the idiom “get (hold of) the wrong end of the stick“ mean? "OTXFST 1 From my point of view, it’s better to live in … 2 As far as I’m concerned, the country which has the best food in the world is … 3 When we're using a screw to hang a picture on a wall, we turn the screw clockwise. � Yes, when a member of the public is killed by a police officer, I think there ought to be an official enquiry into the death. ~ No, when a member of the public is killed by a police officer, I don't think there ought to be an official enquiry into the death. � Yes, if I'd been a prisoner during the last world war, I'd have tried to escape. ~ No, if I'd been prisoner during the last world war, I wouldn't have tried to escape. 6 After washing, we wipe our hands and face on a towel. 7 When we buy an interest in a business, the documents that we buy are called “shares“. 8 In a big city like London or Paris, it's preferable for most people to use public transport. 9 We use the expressions“may as well“ or “might as well“ when we are suggesting something, not because we think it is a great idea but because we cannot think of anything better to do. 10 People get out of breath through running, climbing the stairs etc. 11 The idiom “lucky break“ means “a piece of good luck, usually following a period of little or no success“. 12 When we arrive at someone’s house, we can tell if they’ve recently been cooking because we can smell the food. 13 When we are trying to think of a word or a name that we know well, but we cannot remember it immediately, we say it's on the tip of our tongue. �� If I washed some delicate clothes in a washing machine at a high temperature, they would get damaged or become smaller. �� A paw is the foot of an animal which has claws, like that of a cat, a dog, a lion etc. 16 Yes, if I noticed somebody struggling to get a pushchair onto a bus, I’d assist them. ~ No, if I noticed somebody struggling to get a pushchair onto a bus, I wouldn’t assist them. 17 Yes, if someone called me on my mobile and I was otherwise engaged with something important, I'd take the call. ~ No, if someone called me on my mobile but I was otherwise engaged with something important, I wouldn't take the call. 18 If I had to perform in a play, I'd like to perform the part of … 19 Farmers sometimes plant seeds carefully in the ground in rows rather than just scatter them on the land to prevent birds from eating them, or the wind from blowing them away. 20 The idiom “get (hold of) the wrong end of the stick“ means “understand something wrongly“. ����EPU ....................��� !���BU .....................��� B�ʝGUZ�NJOVUF� lesson ....................791 B�GPVS�EPPS�DBS ......791 a load off one’s NJOE� JEJPN��� .....822 B�XIJMF ...................727 about .....................732 BCPWF�BMM ................��� absorb ...................722 according to ..........730 act ..........................��� additional ..............709 admiration ............733 admire ...................733 admit .....................822 BEWBODF .................766 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....................807 ȀCZȀ�BOE�JUT�NBOZ� uses .......................809 CZF�CZF .................762 cage .......................760 candle ....................��� can’t help ..............816 can’t make head or tail of it JEJPN��� ..............739 capable ..................��� care for ..................��� carriage .................731 cart ........................��� case ........................769 caution ..................787 cautiously ..............787 celebrity ................��� cemetery ...............709 centigrade .............702 chalk ......................799 champion ..............811 chance ...................��� changing the letter ȀZȀ�UP�ȀJȀ ...............��� charm ....................798 charming ...............798 cheat......................813 cheek .....................779 cheeky ...................779 DMBX .......................��� DMPDLXJTF ...............��� closely ....................760 cloth ......................818 clothe ....................800 clothing .................��� coffee pot ..............806 come back .............768 DPNF�EPXO ...........768 come in ..................768 commercial ............��� DPNQBSBUJWFT�BOE� TVQFSMBUJWFT�PG� BEKFDUJWFT �QBSUJDJQMFT� BOE�BEWFSCT ..........698 compass ................810 complain ...............��� complaint ..............��� compound .............718 compound BEKFDUJWFT ..............718 DPNQPVOE�BEKFDUJWFT� (continued) ...........791 DPOʝEFOU ...............��� confusion ..............��� DPOTFSWF ................706 container ...............820 content (n) ............773 DPOUFOU� W�PS�BEK ..773 control ...................819 DPOWJODF ................818 cooking pot ...........806 corner ....................723 DPUUPO�XPPM ...........722 council ...................782 course ....................803 crash ......................712 create ....................817 creature .................776 critic .......................789 cuff ........................766 cuisine ...................816 currency .................719 custom ...................738 damp .....................821 daring ....................706 dear .......................736 debt .......................��� EFDFJWF ..................��� degree ...................702 delicate ..................��� EFMJWFS ...................789 descend .................768 design ....................716 desire .....................��� dessert ...................803 detail .....................726 EFWFMPQNFOU .........��� dig – dug – dug ....792 dine .......................803 dip .........................813 disaster ..................796 dishonest ...............��� disorderly ..............��� dissatisfaction .......732 distinguish .............727 disturbance ...........730 do someone a GBWPVS ....................778 Don’t mention it ...778 doorpost ...............792 double contractions ..........789 doubling consonants ............721 eager .....................706 ease .......................736 easy .......................736 FDPOPNJ[F .............708 edge ......................697 effort .....................811 Egypt .....................702 either of them .......721 either side .............��� electrical ................��� emphasis ...............821 enable ...................739 endless ..................800 energetic ...............��� engaged ................��� enormous ..............811 enter ......................768 entertain ...............701 entrance ................713 FOWJPVT ..................��� FOWZ .......................��� escape ...................��� essay ......................722 FWFSZ�PUIFS�EBZ .....��� FYDJUFNFOU ............���FYDVTF� O ..............770 FYDVTF� W ..............770 FYDVTF�NF .............��� FYIBVTUFE .............��� FYQFDU ....................789 FYQMBOBUJPO ...........731 FYUSFNF .................777 FZFCSPX ................799 eyelash ..................799 eyelid .....................799 face ........................707 face to face ...........707 Fahrenheit .............780 failure ....................��� faint .......................��� fall asleep ..............716 fame ......................��� fancy ......................771 fast ........................790 fasten ....................790 GBWPVS ....................800 fear ........................��� feather ..................��� feed – fed – fed ....813 feel upset ..............��� fence .....................712 ʞPPE ......................796 ʞPVS.......................��� ʞPXFSQPU ..............806 ʞZ ..........................716 fold ........................793 for days and days ..732 GPS�IFBWFOǽT�TBLF� (idiom 29) ..............710 for sale ...................��� forbid – forbade – forbidden ..............720 forehead ...............��� fortunate ...............772 fortune ..................772 GSFF[F�ǹ�GSP[F�ǹ� GSP[FO ....................780 fright .....................782 frighten .................782 from my point PG�WJFX...................��� fry – fried – fried .......................803 funeral ...................��� further uses of the WFSC�ǿXJTIȀ ...........��� gallon ....................771 gap ........................712 generous ...............733 gentle ....................738 get (hold of) the XSPOH�FOE�PG�UIF� stick (idiom 36) ......��� get rid of ...............��� HFU�ZPV�EPXO� (idiom 32) ..............728 girlfriend ...............738 HJWF�PGG ..................762 HJWF�TPNFCPEZ�UIF� cold shoulder JEJPN��� ..............801 HJWF�XBZ ................��� HJWJOH�BTLJOH�GPS� opinions ................��� go ahead ...............812 go back ..................768 go bad ...................763 HP�EPXO ................768 go in ......................768 HP�PVU�XJUI ...........772 go past ..................809 go right .................763 goal .......................792 god ........................707 golden ...................��� grade .....................702 grape .....................800 greet ......................762 greetings ...............762 grind – ground – ground ..................��� hall .........................713 IBOE�JO�IBOE .......738 handle ...................738 happen to .............��� hard up JEJPN��� ..............787 harm ......................776 harmful .................776 harmless ................776 IBWF�TPNFUIJOH� UP�EP�XJUI�ȅ .........761 hay .........................��� heal .......................��� heap ......................779 hedge ....................712 help yourself .........816 hide – hid – hidden ...................��� highly ....................701 hinder ....................800 historic ...................��� hitchhike ...............736 IPSJ[PO ..................813 IPSJ[POUBM ..............813 horrible .................700 horror ....................782 hut .........................��� *�EBSF�TBZ ...............706 *�UPME�ZPV�TP ...........761 *ǽN�TPSSZ ................��� JG�POMZ�ȅ�� ..............��� if you ask me .........��� ignore ....................��� ill at ease ...............736 impression .............709 in a nutshell (idiom 39) ..............773 in addition to ........720 JO�BEWBODF .............766 in arrears ...............766 in my opinion ........730 JO�NZ�WJFX .............��� in relation to .........806 in season ...............810 indeed ...................821 indoor ....................713 indoors ..................713 JOKFDUJPO ................810 JOKVTUJDF .................767 JORVJSF� PS�FORVJSF ...........��� JORVJSZ� PS�FORVJSZ ...........��� insect .....................780 instruction .............739 instrument ............798 insult (n) ................709 JOTVMU� W .................709 insurance ...............��� insure.....................��� intend ....................697 interest ..................��� international .........772 interrupt ................��� interruption ..........��� JOWFOUJPO ...............731 JOWPMWF ...................708 JOXBSET ..................��� iron ........................777 �JTI ........................783 it is not so ..............761 JU�OFWFS�SBJOT�CVU�JU� QPVST� JEJPN��� ....781 it so happens .........761 *UǽT�OPUIJOH ............778 itch.........................780 KBN ........................��� KBX .........................821 KFBMPVT ...................772 KFBMPVTZ .................772 KPH .........................791 KVEP .......................��� KVTU� FYBDUMZ ..........761 KVTU�UIF�TBNF .........812 KVTU �JO�DBTF ..........770 LFFQ�ZPVS�ʝOHFST� crossed (idiom 30 ) .............717 knee ......................��� kneel – knelt – knelt ......................��� ladder ....................821 largely ...................��� last .........................799 last but one ...........799 late ........................��� lately ......................��� latest ......................799 lay – laid – laid ......819 lead .......................816 lean .......................��� liar .........................726 licence (n) ..............��� MJDFOTF� W ..............��� lid...........................799 lie – lay – lain ........819 lie – lied – lied .......819 lifestyle ..................791 light – lit – lit .........��� likely ......................777 link .........................731 MJRVJE .....................713 litre ........................771 little by little ..........697 MJWF� BEK .................��� MJWF� W ....................��� load .......................816 lock ........................��� look .......................��� MPPTF�ʝUUJOH ..........820 lose one’s temper ..................763 MPWF�BGGBJS ..............797 MPWJOHMZ ..................739 lucky break JEJPN��� ..............��� lung .......................��� madness ................710 magic .....................��� mail........................789 main course ...........803 make up your mind ......................��� mankind ................��� marmalade ............��� mask ......................737 match ....................��� mate ......................��� NBYJNVN ..............722 NBZ�BT�XFMM ............��� mean .....................783 melt .......................761 mend .....................��� mercy .....................��� mere ......................792 NJHIU�BT�XFMM .........��� mild .......................��� military ..................730 mine ......................772 miner .....................772 minimum ...............722 misfortune .............��� monkey .................760 musical ..................798 musician ................��� mystery ..................��� OBUJWF ....................793 naughty .................793 nearby ...................809 neat .......................733 needle ...................810 neither of them .....721 OFSWPVT .................727 No problem ...........778 Not at all ................778 nought ..................780 OPX�UIBU ................��� nuisance ................792 PCTFSWBUJPO ...........��� PCTFSWF ..................��� off the cuff (idiom 38) ..............766 on account of ........��� PO�BWFSBHF ............698 one on top of the other ...............779 opposition .............781 organ .....................��� PUIFSXJTF ..............��� out of breath .........��� out of doors ..........713 out of season ........810 outdoor .................713 outdoors................713 PVUXBSET ...............��� PWFS .......................786 PWFSDPNF ..............768PWFSOJHIU ..............791 PWFSXFJHIU ............806 pad ........................722 painkiller ...............818 pale .......................783 pan ........................799 paragraph .............722 path .......................��� QBX .......................��� pay attention ........726 pear .......................��� peculiar .................720 peculiarity .............720 pence .....................719 penny ....................719 perform .................��� performance .........��� pet .........................817 pick at ....................762 pick out .................762 pile.........................779 pill ..........................818 pint ........................771 plant ......................��� plum ......................��� point ......................722 point ......................780 polluted .................��� pollution................��� pool .......................713 porter ....................790 possession .............700 post .......................792 postage .................792 pot .........................806 QPWFSUZ ..................733 practice (n) ............��� QSBDUJTF� W .............��� preferable .............��� preference .............816 preparation ...........766 present perfect DPOUJOVPVT��FWJEFODF� PG�SFDFOU�BDUJWJUZ ...��� QSFTFSWF ................697 prisoner .................��� progress ................766 proof .....................��� QSPWF .....................793 punish ...................793 punishment ...........822 pushchair ..............��� put one’s foot EPXO� JEJPN��� ....��� RVBMJʝDBUJPO ..........��� RVBMJUZ ...................��� RVFTUJPOT�XJUIPVU�UIF� RVFTUJPO�GPSN .......776 rabbit .....................817 rapid ......................788 SB[PS ......................��� reach out ...............722 receipt ...................793 reckon ...................700 record (n) ...............��� SFDPSE� W ...............��� reduce ...................777 regard ....................762 regards ..................762 regret ....................��� SFKPJDF ....................��� relationship ...........806 SFMBUJWF ..................806 relief ......................818 SFMJFWF ....................818 rely on ...................789 remark ...................��� SFRVJSF ...................706 resist ......................802 resistance ..............802 responsible ............782 return ....................768 SFWPMVUJPO ..............801 rid ..........................��� right angle ............702 SJHIU�XBZ�VQ ..........��� risk .........................770 SJWBM ........................��� rob .........................737 robbery..................737 rod .........................816 SPX ........................��� rub .........................706 rub out ..................706 rubber ...................706 run a risk ...............770 run on ....................817 SVO�PWFS .................��� sale ........................��� sales .......................��� saying ....................806 scale .......................723 scarce .....................708 scarcely ..................708 scatter ....................��� scent ......................762 scrape ....................780 scratch ...................780 scream ...................782 TDSFX .....................721 TDSFXESJWFS ............721 TFDPOE�IBOE .........��� see you ..................762 seldom ...................��� self .........................819 TFMG�DPOUSPM ............819 TFMʝTI ....................819 set free ..................818 TFX ........................810 shares ....................��� sharp .....................��� sharpen .................��� TIBWF .....................��� TIJQXSFDL ..............��� sickness..................783 silken .....................��� situated .................818 TMFFWF ....................��� slight......................��� TMPX�EPXO .............720 snake .....................798 snake charmer.......798 snap decision (idiom 37) ..............760 TP �ZPV�IBWF� DPNF� ....................761 ȀTPȀ�ǹ�BOE�JUT�NBOZ� uses (continued) ...761 social .....................697 ǿTPNFȀ�JO� RVFTUJPOT ...............786 TPNFXIBU .............702 sore ........................716 sore point (idiom 31) ..............723 space .....................817 speed up ...............720 starter ....................803 TUBZ�JO�UPVDI�XJUI ..811 steal .......................737 stem .......................��� step by step ...........766 still .........................729 stormy ...................��� TUSBX .....................��� TUSPOH�BOE�XFBL� pronunciation forms .....................797 style .......................816 substantial .............803 TVGʝY .....................721 sunbathe ...............812 TXFBU .....................727 symbol ...................��� sympathy ...............699 take a look ............��� take aim ................820 take by surprise .....��� take care ................��� take hold of ...........��� take place ..............822 tap .........................��� teapot ...................806 tear – tore – torn ..778 temper ..................763 temptation ............��� tend .......................772 tender ...................739 terribly ...................��� That’s all right .......778 UIF�#SPXOT ............701 the country ............��� UIF�MBTU�TUSBX� JEJPN��� ..............��� UIF�QPTTFTTJWF� apostrophe ...........��� the sooner ..., the better ....................782 ǿUIFȀ���BEKFDUJWF� ��OPVO ...................726 ǿUIFȀ��� DPNQBSBUJWF�ȅ � ....782 theft ......................��� then .......................796 thief .......................737 thoughtful.............763 thoughtless ...........783 thread....................810 throne ...................716 through .................��� thus .......................707 tidiness ..................��� tight .......................820 UJHIU�ʝUUJOH ...........820 tin ..........................697 tip ..........................��� title ........................811 to be obliged.........737 to take into account .................��� toast ......................803 tolerate ..................812 touch and go (idiom 33) ..............733 UPVDI�XPPE� JEJPN��� ..............807 tough ....................739 tour .......................817 tourist ....................817 UPXFM .....................��� UPXO�IBMM ...............713 trap ........................806 treasure .................793 triangle ..................��� trick .......................��� try ..........................818 turn on ..................��� UXP�NFBOJOHT�PG� ǿRVJUFȀ ..................��� underneath ...........727 VOʝOJTIFE�TFOUFODFT� FOEJOH�XJUI�ȀUPȀ ..��� unit ........................719 unity ......................703 unlike ....................727 unlikely ..................777 up ..........................778 upright ..................��� upset .....................��� VQTJEF�EPXO .........��� urge .......................796 VTFT�PG�UIF�QBTTJWF� WPJDF ......................802 using nouns as BEKFDUJWFT ..............��� WBMMFZ .....................767 WFSC�BOE�JOʝOJUJWF� PS�Ȁ�JOHȀ ...............711 WFSUJDBM ...................821 WJDUPSZ ....................��� WJFX .......................��� WPZBHF ...................817 XBJTU ......................771 XBJTUDPBU ...............771 XBOEFS ..................727 XBSO ......................��� XBT���JOʝOJUJWF� XJUI�ȀUPȀ ...............��� XBUFSUJHIU .............820 XFBMUIZ .................796 XFBQPO .................768 XFBS ......................��� XFMDPNF ................763 XIBU�BCPVU� (you) ......................732 ȀXIBUȀ�BOE� ǿXIJDIȀ .................��� XIFBU ....................��� XIJTLFST ................712 XIJUFCPBSE ...........799XIZ�PO�FBSUI� (idiom 28) ..............703 XJQF ......................��� XJUOFTT� W .............773 XPPEFO .................��� XPPMMFO .................��� XPSL�PVU................��� XPSO�PVU ...............��� XSFDL .....................��� yacht ......................800 yet .........................729 :PVǽSF�XFMDPNF ....778 [FSP .......................780 [PP ........................760 English–Czech Vocabulary Book Stage 9 English in a quarter of the time! STAGE 9 Czech vocabulary LESSON 127 697 social................................. společenský 697 edge ....... roh/hrana/pomalu směřovat 697 little by little ......................... postupně 697 intend ...................mít v úmyslu/hodlat 697 tin ..........................................konzerva 697 preserve...................................uchovat 697 aluminium ...................................hliník 698 on average .......................... průměrně 699 sympathy ........... náklonnost/sympatie 700 reckon ..........domnívat se/spoléhat na 700 airline .....................letecká společnost 700 horrible .................................... hrozný 700 anxiety .......................................úzkost 700 anxious ................................... dychtivý 700 possession .............................. majetek 701 entertain ......................................bavit 701 background ............... pozadí/minulost 701 apply ................................... ucházet se 701 highly ........................................ vysoce 701 the Browns ........................... Brownovi 702 ancient ................................. starověký 702 Egypt .......................................... Egypt 702 degree ...................................... stupeň 702 angle .............................................úhel 702 right angle ..........................pravý úhel 702 grade .......................................známka 702 centigrade .................................Celsius 702 somewhat .............................poněkud 702 at all ............................................ vůbec 703 unity ..................... jednota/jednotnost LESSON 128 704 confident ......................... přesvědčený 704 now that .......................... “nyní, když” 705 agree about .............dohodnout se na 705 agree that ............... souhlasit s tím, že 705 agree to ....................... dohodnout, že 705 agree with ...........................souhlasit s 705 take care ........................... dávat pozor 705 run over ...................... přejet (někoho) 705 care for .................................pečovat o 706 I dare say ........................dovoluji si říci 706 daring ......................................... smělý 706 require ................................. vyžadovat 706 conserve ................................ zachovat 706 eager .........................................horlivý 706 rub ...................................................třít 706 rub out ................................... vymazat 706 rubber ........................................ guma 707 face ................................................ tvář 707 face to face..........................tváří v tvář 707 god ................................................ bůh 707 thus ....................................... tak/tudíž 708 economize ................................... šetřit 708 involve .................zahrnovat/zapojit se 708 attack................................. napadnout 708 scarcely ........................................ sotva 708 scarce .........................................vzácný 709 impression ................................. dojem 709 bury ......................................... pohřbít 709 cemetery ..................................hřbitov 709 anger .........................................rozčílit 709 additional ......... dodatečný/doplňkový 709 insult (v) ...................................... urazit 709 insult (n) ....................................urážka 710 madness ..................................šílenství LESSON 129 712 afraid of...................................... bát se 712 afraid that .......................obávat se, že 712 afraid to................................ obávat se 712 crash ......................................... narazit 712 whiskers ...................................... fousy 712 gap ...........................................mezera 712 fence ................................. ohrada/plot 712 hedge .....................................živý plot 713 hall .................................................hala 713 entrance ...................................vstupní 713 town hall ..................................radnice 713 pool .............................................louže 713 liquid ......................................kapalina 713 indoor ...........................................krytý 713 outdoor .................................venkovní 713 indoors .....................................interiér 713 outdoors .....................................venku 713 out of doors ...............................venku 714 knee ......................................... koleno 714 kneel – knelt – knelt ................. klečet: ....................přítomný čas – minulý čas ...................................– příčestí minulé 714 late ............................poslední/zesnulý 714 lately ...................................... nedávno 714 match ......................................... zápas 714 judo ........................................... džudo 715 funeral ......................................pohřeb 715 mystery ...................................záhadný 715 path ......................................... cestička 715 insure ........................................ pojistit 715 insurance ................................pojištění 715 theft ..........................................krádež 716 throne ...........................................trůn 716 annoy .................................. obtěžovat 716 fly ....................................moucha/letět 716 fall asleep ................................. usnout 716 sore ........................................ bolestivý 716 design (v) ....................... vytvořit návrh LESSON 130 718 compound ................................složený 719 currency ...................................... měna 719 unit ........................................ jednotka 719 penny .........................................pence 719 pence ..........................................pence 720 slow down ............................. zpomalit 720 speed up ................................... zrychlit 720 in addition to ............................ kromě 720 forbid – forbade – forbidden .............. .......................... zakázat: přítomný čas ..............– minulý čas – příčestí minulé 720 peculiar ................................... zvláštní 720 peculiarity ........................... zvláštnost 721 suffix .......................................přípona 721 either of them ............. kterýkoli z nich 721 neither of them ................žádný z nich 721 screw .......................................... šroub 721 screwdriver ..........................šroubovák 722 maximum ............................maximální 722 minimum ............................. minimální 722 point ............................................ smysl 722 essay .............................................. esej 722 paragraph ............................. odstavec 722 pad ..........................................tampón 722 cotton wool ...................................vata 722 absorb ............................... absorbovat 722 reach out ........................ natáhnout se 723 scale ........................................ stupnice 723 corner .........................žít na rohu ulice LESSON 131 724 chance .........................................šance724 by chance ..............................náhodou 725 take hold of ............................. uchopit 725 take by surprise .................... překvapit 725 take a look........................... podívat se 725 second-hand ........................... použitý 725 temptation ............................pokušení 725 dishonest ............................... nečestný 725 view ................................náhled/názor 725 hide – hid – hidden ....................skrýt: ....................přítomný čas – minulý čas ...................................– příčestí minulé 726 liar ................................................. lhář 726 pay attention ................... dávat pozor 726 detail .......................................... detail 727 sweat ........................................potit se 727 nervous ................................. nervózní 727 underneath ................................... pod 727 unlike ..........................................oproti 727 wander ...................................toulat se 727 distinguish ............................ rozlišovat 727 a while ....................................okamžik LESSON 132 729 still .....................................dosud/stále 729 yet..........................................ještě (ne) 729 annoyance ......................nepříjemnost 730 according to ............................... podle 730 in my opinion ...... podle mého názoru 730 band .............................. skupina/tlupa 730 disturbance ............................výržnost 730 military ...................................vojenský 731 link .................................odkaz/spojení 731 browse................................... prohlížet 731 carriage ..............................náklad/vůz 731 invention ................................. vynález 731 explanation ..........................vysvětlení 732 about ....................................... o/okolo 732 for days and days ................... celé dny 732 what about (you) ....................a co (ty) 732 bitter .......................................... hořký 732 dissatisfaction ..............nespokojenost 733 neat ........................................ úhledný 733 poverty .................................. chudoba 733 admire ................................. obdivovat 733 admiration.................................. obdiv 733 generous ....................................štědrý LESSON 133 736 hitchhike ............................... stopovat 736 dear .....................................drahý/milý 736 easy ............................................. lehký 736 ease .......................... snadnost/zmírnit 736 at ease ..................................pohodlně 736 ill at ease ..........................nepohodlně 737 to be obliged .................... být povinen 737 steal ............................................ukrást 737 rob ..............................................okrást 737 robbery ......................................loupež 737 thief ............................................zloděj 737 mask .......................................... maska 738 handle ...................... rukojeť/nakládat 738 gentle .........................................jemný 738 hand-in-hand ....................ruku v ruce 738 arm-in-arm ..............................v objetí 738 custom .......................................... zvyk 738 girlfriend ............................. přítelkyně 738 boyfriend .................................... přítel 739 enable .................................... umožnit 739 instruction ..................................pokyn 739 booklet ....................................brožura 739 tender.........................................jemný 739 tough........................................... tvrdý 739 lovingly ....................................s láskou LESSON 134 741 in my view .................z mého pohledu 741 from my point of view ............... podle ........................................mého názoru 741 if you ask me ............když se mne ptáš 741 as far as I’m concerned .cose mne týče 742 clockwise .............................. po směru .............................. hodinových ručiček 742 anticlockwise................................proti ................... směru hodinových ručiček 742 symbol ...................................... symbol 742 @ = at ............................... @ = zavináč 742 . = dot .................................... . = tečka 742 inquire (or enquire)............informovat .......................................se (dotazovat) 742 inquiry (or enquiry) .............. zjišťování ........................................ (dotazování) 742 escape ..........................................utéci 742 prisoner ...................................... vězeň 743 regret .........................................litovat 743 wipe...............................................utřít 743 forehead ........................................ čelo 743 towel ..........................................ručník 743 interest ........................................ podíl 743 shares .......................................... akcie 743 tidiness ................................... pořádek 744 preferable ..........................přednostní 744 largely ............................... z velké části 744 quality ................................... vlastnost 745 may as well ...........................smět také 745 might as well ...................mohl by také 745 on account of ............................... kvůli 745 energetic .............................. energický 745 breath ...........................................dech 745 breathe ......................................dýchat 745 out of breath .......................bez dechu 745 through .............................. v důsledku 746 clothing ......................................oděvy LESSON 135 748 to take into account ......... vzít v úvahu 748 tip ......................................... spropitné 748 make up your mind ...........rozhodni se 748 delicate .......................................jemný 748 observe ................................ pozorovat 748 observation .......................... sledování 749 historic .................................. historický 749 paw ............................................. tlapa 749 claw .............................................. dráp 749 wooden ...................................dřevěný 749 hut ...............................................chata 749 woollen ..................................... vlněný 749 silken ....................................hedvábný 749 golden .......................................... zlatý 750 every other day ........ každý druhý den 750 assist .........................................pomoci 750 assistant................................... asistent 750 pushchair .................................kočárek 750 otherwise .....................................jinak 750 engaged ..................... zaneprázdněný 750 perform ....................... hrát/předvádět 750 performance ..............................výkon 750 trick ................................................ trik 750 magic ................................ kouzelnický 751 envy ..........................................závidět 751 envious ................................... závistivý 751 celebrity..... celebrita/známá osobnost 751 fame .............................................sláva 751 advice (n) ...................................... rada 751 advise (v) ..................................poradit 751 practice (n) ................................cvičení 751 practise (v) ....................................cvičit 751 licence (n) .............................. povolení 751 license (v).................................. povolit 751 record (n) .................................záznam 751 record (v) ......................... zaznamenat752 scatter ..................... rozhodit/rozejít se 752 plant ......................................... zasadit 752 row ............................................. řádek 752 disorderly ..................nedisciplinovaný 752 tap .......... klepat/vodovodní kohoutek 752 turn on ....................................... otočit 752 pollution .............................. znečištění 752 polluted ...............................znečištěný LESSON 136 754 slight ............................................ slabý 754 upside down ..............vzhůru nohama 754 right way up ............správná orientace 755 feather ........................................... peří 755 wear ................................ opotřebovat 755 sleeve...........................................rukáv 755 mend .........................................spravit 755 worn out ............ obnošený/vyčerpaný 755 exhausted ........................... vyčerpaný 755 qualification ....................... kvalifikace 755 debt .............................................. dluh 756 interrupt .................................. přerušit 756 interruption .......... přerušení/výpadek 756 if only …! ............................... kéž by...! 756 act .........................................čin/jednat 756 capable ................................... schopný 756 bar ...................... cihlička/tabulka/mříž 756 lock ....................................uzamknout 757 cart .............................................. vozík 757 deceive ................................... oklamat 757 complain ............................. stěžovat si 757 complaint ................................ stížnost 758 either side ...........................obě strany 758 faint ..................................slabý/omdlít 758 excitement ............................. vzrušení 758 fear ............................................. strach 759 happen to ................................. stát se 759 outwards ..........................směrem ven 759 inwards .......................směrem dovnitř 759 lean.....................................naklonit se 759 beneath ......................................... pod 759 give way ..............................sesednout 759 mankind .................................... lidstvo 759 mate ...................................... kamarád 760 zoo..................................................zoo 760 cage ............................................... klec 760 monkey .......................................opice 760 ape ............................................ lidoop 760 closely .........................................blízko LESSON 137 761 it is not so ........................... tak to není 761 so, you have come! ...............tak jsi tu! 761 it so happens ....... náhodou se to stalo 761 I told you so ....................řekl jsem ti to 761 just (exactly) ..............................přesně 761 melt .................................... roztopit se 761 have something to do with … ....... mít ............................ něco společného s... 762 pick at ................................. přebírat se 762 pick out ......................................vybrat 762 regard ............................. považovat za 762 regards ..................................pozdravy 762 greet ..................................... pozdravit 762 greetings ...............................pozdravy 762 bye-bye .......................... nashledanou 762 see you .............................. na viděnou 762 scent .............................................vůně 762 give off ............................. šířit/vydávat 763 welcome ...........................vítat/přivítat 763 go right .........................dařit se dobře 763 temper......................................povaha 763 lose one’s temper ......................ztratit ........................................ sebeovládání 763 thoughtful .......... hloubavý/přemýšlivý 763 go bad ................................nezdařit se 763 by now........................................dosud 764 warn .........................................varovat 764 ahead ................................ před sebou 764 triangle ...............................trojúhelník 764 mercy ..........................................milost 764 desire .......................................... touha 764 ignore .................................nevšímat si 765 upright ............................... vzpřímeně 765 lung .............................................. plíce 765 organ ..........................................orgán 765 seldom ........................................zřídka 765 work out .................................... vyřešit 765 confusion .................................zmatek 765 electrical ............................... elektrický 766 advance ................ pokrok/postupovat 766 step by step ................ krok za krokem 766 progress ................................zlepšit se 766 in advance ...............................předem 766 in arrears .................................. zpětně 766 cuff ........................................ manžeta 766 preparation ............................ příprava 767 valley ........................................... údolí 767 injustice .......................nespravedlnost LESSON 138 768 bite – bit – bitten .....................kousat: ....................přítomný čas – minulý čas ...................................– příčestí minulé 768 bare ...............................................holý 768 weapon ...................................... zbraň 768 barely .......................................... sotva 768 go back .................................. vracet se 768 come back ...............................vrátit se 768 go in ..................................... jít dovnitř 768 come in .......................vstoupit dovnitř 768 return .......................................... vrátit 768 enter ....................................... vstoupit 768 descend .................................sestoupit 768 overcome...............................překonat 768 go down ................................sejít dolů 768 come down ..........................přijít dolů 769 case ............................................případ 769 barrister ...................................advokát 770 (just) in case ...........(pouze) pro případ 770 risk ...............................................riziko 770 run a risk...................podstoupit riziko 770 excuse (v) ................................. omluvit 770 excuse (n) .................................omluva 771 waist ............................................... pas 771 waistcoat ..................................... vesta 771 fancy ............................zvláštní/efektní 771 pint .............................................. pinta 771 gallon ......................................... galón 771 litre .................................................. litr 772 jealous ....................................... žárlivý 772 jealousy ..................................žárlivost 772 go out with ................. chodit s někým 772 fortune ............................ šťastný osud 772 fortunate .................................. šťastný 772 international ...................mezinárodní 772 mine ............................................... důl 772 miner ......................................... horník 772 tend .......................................mít sklon 773 content (n) .................................obsah 773 content (v or adj) .. vyhovět/spokojený 773 witness (v) .................................svědčit LESSON 139 775 rid ...........................................zbavit se 775 get rid of ...................zbavit se něčeho 775 above all ..............................především 775 sharp ............................................ostrý 775 blunt ............................................. tupý775 sharpen .................. nabrousit/naostřit 775 grind – ground – ground ....... brousit: ....................přítomný čas – minulý čas ...................................– příčestí minulé 775 flour .......................................... mouka 775 wheat ...................................... pšenice 776 harm ...........................................ublížit 776 harmful ...................................škodlivý 776 harmless ...............................neškodný 776 creature ......................................... tvor 777 iron ..............................................žehlit 777 extreme ................................. extrémní 777 reduce ......................................... snížit 777 likely .......................... pravděpodobně 777 unlikely .................. nepravděpodobně 778 do someone a favour ............ prokázat ............................................... někomu ............................................... laskavost 778 That’s all right ............. to je v pořádku 778 Not at all ................................. není zač 778 It’s nothing ............... to byla maličkost 778 You’re welcome ........................prosím 778 Don’t mention it ........ to nestojí za řeč 778 No problem ................. žádný problém 778 up ...................... (váže se ke slovesům, ..................kde dokončí jejich význam) 778 tear – tore – torn ........................trhat: ....................přítomný čas – minulý čas ...................................– příčestí minulé 779 cheek .............................................. líce 779 cheeky ...........................................drzý 779 pile ................................................ klást 779 one on top of the other ............. jeden ............................................... na druhý 779 heap ............................................ kupa 780 point ...........................................špička 780 freeze – froze – frozen .......zmrznout: ....................přítomný čas – minulý čas ...................................– příčestí minulé 780 nought ..........................................nula 780 zero ...............................................nula 780 Fahrenheit ............ stupeň Fahrenheita 780 insect ...........................................hmyz 780 itch .............................................. svědit 780 scratch ......................................škrábat 780 scrape ...........................................odřít 781 opposition ...............................opozice LESSON 140 782 the sooner ..., the better ...... čím dříve, ................................................ tím lépe 782 responsible ........................ odpovědný 782 council .......................................... rada 782 scream .........................................křičet 782 fright .......................................... strach 782 frighten ...............................vystrašený 782 horror ..........................................horor 783 mean ........................................ lakomý 783 thoughtless .............................sobecký 783 pale .............................................bledý 783 sickness ......................................nemoc 784 light – lit – lit ............................zapálit: ....................přítomný čas – minulý čas ...................................– příčestí minulé 784 candle ......................................... svíčka 784 failure ................................... neúspěch 784 upset ...................................... překazit 784 feel upset ............... cítit se rozzlobený 784 terribly ...................................... strašně 785 wreck .......................................... zhatit 785 misfortune ............................... neštěstí 785 shipwreck ............................ ztroskotat 785 sale ............................................ prodej 785 for sale ..................................na prodej 785 sales ..................................... výprodeje 785 advertisement ............ reklama/inzerát 785 commercial ............................komerční 785 rival ......................................konkurent 786 over ...............................................přes 786 basement ................................ suterén 787 bargain ....................... výhodná koupě 787 caution ........................... napomenout 787 cautiously ................................opatrně 788 rapid ........................................... rychlý LESSON 141 789 deliver ...................................... doručit 789 mail ..............................................pošta 789 beforehand .............................předem 789 critic ............................................. kritik 789 expect .................................... očekávat 789 rely on .......................... spoléhat se na 790 fast ............................................. rychle 790 fasten ...................................... upevnit 790 porter .......................................... nosič 791 a fifty-minute lesson ............................ ... padesátiminutová vyučovací hodina 791 a four-door car ......... čtyřdvéřové auto 791 jog .............................................. běhat 791 overnight ................................ přes noc 791 lifestyle ............................... životní styl 792 mere .......................................... pouhý 792 nuisance .........................nepříjemnost 792 post .................................................kůl 792 doorpost ................................ zárubeň 792 goal .......................................... branka 792 dig – dug – dug ........................ kopat: ....................přítomný čas – minulý čas ...................................– příčestí minulé 792 postage ................................ poštovné 793 naughty ................................nezbedný 793 punish....................................potrestat 793 fold ...........................................ohnout 793 native.....................................mateřský 793 treasure .................................... poklad 793 receipt ...................pokladní stvrzenka 793 prove ..................................... prokázat LESSON 142 795 excuse me ............................. promiňte 795 I’m sorry .................................je mi líto 796 wealthy .................................... bohatý 796 disaster ................pohroma/katastrofa 796 flood ...................................... povodeň 796 then ................................................pak 796 urge ......................................... spěchat 797 affair ..................................... záležitost 797 love affair ................... milostný poměr 798 charm ........................................kouzlo 798 charming ............................ okouzlující 798 musical ...................................hudební 798 snake ............................................. had 798 snake charmer ............... zaklínač hadů 798 instrument ............................... nástroj 799 latest .................................... nejnovější 799 last ..........................................poslední 799 last but one .................... předposlední 799 blackboard ......................školní tabule 799 whiteboard ........................ bílá tabule 799 chalk ............................................ křída 799 eyebrow ......................................obočí 799 eyelash .......................................... řasa 799 eyelid ....................................oční víčko 799 lid ...................................................víko 799 pan .............................................pánev 800 favour ............................. upřednostnit 800 yacht ...........................................jachta 800 hinder ....................................překážet 800 clothe .................................. oblékat se 800 endless ...............................nekonečný 800 bunch ......................................... kytice 800 grape ............................ hroznové víno 801 revolution ...............................revoluce LESSON 143 802 resist ...................................... odolávat 802 resistance ................... odolnost/odpor 803 substantial ...............................vydatný 803 bacon ....................................... slanina 803 toast ........................................ topinka 803 fry – fried – fried ..................... smažit: ....................přítomný čas – minulý čas ...................................– příčestí minulé 803 approximate ...........................přibližný 803 course ...........................................chod 803 starter .....................................předkrm 803 main course .......................hlavní chod 803 dessert .....................................zákusek 803 dine .........................................stolovat 804 marmalade ........................marmeláda 804 jam...............................................džem 804 pear ...........................................hruška 804 plum .........................................švestka 804 the country ................................krajina 804 rejoice ....................................... těšit se 804 victory ..................................... vítězství 804 shave ........................................holit se 804 razor ..........................................žiletka 804 heal........................................ vyléčit se 805 live (v) ...............................................žít 805 live (adj) ..........................................živý 805 musician ............................... hudebník 805 mild ............................................ mírný 805 remark ................................ poznámka 805 look ............................................. výraz 805 stormy .................................... bouřlivý 805 proof ..........................................důkaz 806 saying ....................................... přísloví 806 trap ................................................past 806 pot ........................................... nádoba 806 cooking pot ................................ hrnec 806 flowerpot ............................... květináč 806 coffee pot ....................kávová konvice 806 teapot ........................... čajová konvice 806 in relation to ................... v souvislosti s 806 relationship .................................vztah 806 relative ....................................relativní 806 overweight ................................obézní 807 at sea ........................................ u moře 807 by sea ......................................po moři LESSON 144 809 go past ........................................ míjet 809 nearby ........................................ blízký 810 in season ................................v sezóně 810 out of season .................mimo sezónu 810 thread ................................... navéci/nit 810 needle ..........................................jehla 810 sew ................................................... šít 810 compass ...................................kompas 810 injection ................................... injekce 810 agent .......................................... agent 810 agency ...................................agentura 811 title ................................................ titul 811 champion .....................................vítěz 811 boxer .......................................... boxer 811 enormous ...............................enormní 811 belief ..............................................víra 811 effort ............................................. úsilí 811 stay in touch with .... zůstat v kontaktu 812 tolerate ........................................ snést 812 go ahead ...................................jít dále 812 just the same .....................zcela stejně 812 bath ..............................................vana 812 bathe ....................................koupat se 812 sunbathe ........................... opalovat se 813 cheat .....................................podvádět 813 dip .......................................... namočit 813 horizon ...................................horizont 813 horizontal .........................horizontální 813 feed – fed – fed ......................... krmit: ....................přítomný čas – minulý čas ...................................– příčestí minulé 814 hay ................................................ seno 814 straw ........................................... sláma 814 stem ...........................................stonek 815 development ............................... vývoj LESSON 145 816 preference ..........................preference 816 cuisine .................................... kuchyně 816 style ................................................ styl 816 help yourself ..................samoobsluha 816 can’t help ................ nemoci si pomoci 816 load .................................náklad/nabít 816 barrel .........................................hlaveň 816 lead ...............................olověná kulka 816 rod ................................................. drát 817 voyage ...... plavba/výprava do vesmíru 817 space ......................................... vesmír 817 tour..................................okružní jízda 817 tourist ........................................ turista 817 pet ................................... domácí zvíře 817 rabbit ...........................................králík 817 run on ...............................fungovat na 817 create ....................................... vyvolat 818 situated .................................umístěný 818 cloth .............................................látka 818 convince .............................. přesvědčit 818 try .............................................. soudit 818 set free ................................ osvobodit 818 relieve ....................................propustit 818 relief ............................................ úleva 818 pill ........................................... tabletka 818 painkiller ......................... analgetikum 819 self ............................................... jáství 819 selfish ......................................sobecký 819 self-control ..................... sebekontrola 819 control ....................................kontrola 819 lie – lay – lain ..............................ležet: ....................přítomný čas – minulý čas ...................................– příčestí minulé 819 lie – lied – lied .............................. lhát: ....................přítomný čas – minulý čas ...................................– příčestí minulé 819 lay – laid – laid ........................ položit: ....................přítomný čas – minulý čas ...................................– příčestí minulé 820 tight ............................................pevný 820 tight-fitting ...........................přiléhavý 820 loose-fitting ................................ volný 820 airtight .......................... vzduchotěsný 820 watertight ...........................vodotěsný 820 container ................................. nádoba 820 aim.................................................... cíl 820 take aim........................................ mířit 821 damp ........................................... vlhký 821 indeed ................................... skutečně 821 emphasis .................................... důraz 821 jaw ................................................čelist 821 ladder .........................................žebřík 821 vertical ...................................vertikální 822 admit ......................................připustit822 take place ...............................konat se 822 punishment .................................. trest English–Italian Vocabulary Book Stage 9 English in a quarter of the time! STAGE 9 Italian vocabulary LESSON 127 697 social..........................................sociale 697 edge ..............bordo, muoversi adagio 697 little by little .................. a poco a poco 697 intend ....................... avere intenzione 697 tin ................ lattina, barattolo, stagno 697 preserve.............................. conservare 697 aluminium ............................ alluminio 698 on average .............................in media 699 sympathy ..................... comprensione, ........................................ compassione 700 reckon .... calcolare, credere, supporre 700 airline .................................linea aerea 700 horrible ....................................orribile 700 anxiety ..........ansietà, preoccupazione 700 anxious ..............ansioso, preoccupato 700 possession ................... possedimento, .................................... proprietà, bene 701 entertain .......... intrattenere, divertire 701 background ................ sfondo, passato 701 apply ....applicare(si), fare domanda di 701 highly ...................... molto, altamente 701 the Browns ............. la famiglia Brown, ................................................. i Brown 702 ancient .......................................antico 702 Egypt ..........................................Egitto 702 degree ........................................grado 702 angle ........................................ angolo 702 right angle ...................... angolo retto 702 grade ............categoria, classe, qualità 702 centigrade ..........................centigrado 702 somewhat ............piuttosto, alquanto 702 at all .......................................... affatto 703 unity ............................................ unità LESSON 128 704 confident ..........fiducioso, confidente, .............................................. ottimista 704 now that .............................adesso che 705 agree about ..... essere d’accordo su… 705 agree that ...... essere d’accordo che… 705 agree to ........................ acconsentire a 705 agree with ...... essere d’accordo con… 705 take care .............avere, prendersi cura 705 run over .................................. investire 705 care for ........prendersi cura di, piacere 706 I dare say .........suppongo, credo (che) 706 daring .......................................audace 706 require ................................. richiedere 706 conserve ............................. conservare 706 eager .......desideroso, avido, bramoso 706 rub .......... strofinare, fregare, sfregare 706 rub out ................................ cancellare 706 rubber ............. gomma per cancellare 707 face .......... essere rivolto, fronteggiare 707 face to face.................... faccia a faccia 707 god ................................................. dio 707 thus .......................... in tal modo, così, .................................... di conseguenza 708 economize ................... fare economia, ........................................... risparmiare 708 involve ..............implicare, comportare 708 attack........................................assalire 708 scarcely ............................. a malapena 708 scarce ....................scarso, insufficiente 709 impression ........................ impressione 709 bury ......................................seppellire 709 cemetery ................................ cimitero 709 anger ........................... fare arrabbiare 709 additional ...........................aggiuntivo 709 insult (v) ..................................insultare 709 insult (n) ....................................insulto 710 madness .................................... pazzia LESSON 129 712 afraid of.................................. paura di 712 afraid that ............................paura che 712 afraid to...........................paura di fare 712 crash ........ incidente, scontro, fracasso 712 whiskers .........................baffi, basette 712 gap ..........................apertura, carenza 712 fence ......................................... recinto 712 hedge ........................... siepe, barriera 713 hall .................................sala, vestibolo 713 entrance ...................................entrata 713 town hall ..............................municipio 713 pool ...............................pozza, stagno 713 liquid ........................................ liquido 713 indoor .................................all’interno, ............................. al coperto, al chiuso 713 outdoor .............all’aperto, in esterno, ..................................................di fuori 713 indoors ................... in casa, all’interno 713 outdoors ............. fuori casa, all’aperto 713 out of doors .................................fuori 714 knee .....................................ginocchio 714 kneel – knelt – knelt ..... inginocchiarsi 714 late .............................ultimo, defunto 714 lately ............. di recente, ultimamente 714 match .......... eguagliare, intonarsi con 714 judo .............................................. judo 715 funeral .................................... funerale 715 mystery .................................... mistero 715 path ........................................ sentiero 715 insure ....................................assicurare 715 insurance ........................assicurazione 715 theft ............................................ furto 716 throne .........................................trono 716 annoy .................... seccare, infastidire 716 fly ............................................... mosca 716 fall asleep .....................addormentarsi 716 sore ....................dolente, infiammato, ...........................................che fa male 716 design (v) ................ disegnare, ideare, ............................................ progettare LESSON 130 718 compound ........................... composto 719 currency ......................................valuta 719 unit .............................................. unità 719 penny .........................................penny 719 pence ..........................................pence 720 slow down ............................ rallentare 720 speed up .............................. accelerare 720 in addition to ............................ oltre a 720 forbid – forbade – forbidden .............. .................................................proibire 720 peculiar ................peculiare, singolare 720 peculiarity .......................... peculiarità 721 suffix ....................................... suffisso 721 either of them ................l’uno o l’altro 721 neither of them ......né l’uno né l’altro 721 screw ..............................................vite 721 screwdriver ........................... cacciavite 722 maximum .............................. massimo 722 minimum ................................. minimo 722 point ...........................................punto 722 essay ...............saggio, componimento 722 paragraph ........................... paragrafo 722 pad ................. imbottitura, cuscinetto 722 cotton wool .......... batuffolo di cotone 722 absorb ...................................assorbire 722 reach out ........................... stender(si),....................... sforzarsi di raggiungere 723 scale ..............................................scala 723 corner ....................................... angolo LESSON 131 724 chance ............opportunità, occasione 724 by chance ............................... per caso 725 take hold of .......... prendere, afferrare 725 take by surprise .....................prendere ............................................di sorpresa 725 take a look............... dare un’occhiata, ...................................................vedere 725 second-hand ................seconda mano 725 temptation ......................... tentazione 725 dishonest ..............................disonesto 725 view .......................................... veduta 725 hide – hid – hidden ..........nascondere 726 liar .........................................bugiardo 726 pay attention ............. fare attenzione 726 detail .....................................dettaglio 727 sweat ........................................ sudore 727 nervous ......nervoso, teso, apprensivo 727 underneath ........... al di sotto, di sotto 727 unlike ............................ a differenza di 727 wander .....................................vagare, ........................ camminare senza meta 727 distinguish ......................... distinguere 727 a while ............................(per) un poco LESSON 132 729 still .............................................ancora 729 yet..............................................ancora 729 annoyance .............fastidio, irritazione 730 according to .......................... secondo, ................................ conformemente a 730 in my opinion ................... secondo me 730 band ............ orchestra, gruppo, fascia 730 disturbance ...........disturbo, disordine 730 military .................................... militare 731 link ................... legame, collegamento 731 browse......dare un’occhiata, curiosare 731 carriage ....................vagone, carrozza 731 invention ............................invenzione 731 explanation ...................... spiegazione 732 about ....... in giro , attorno, intorno, di 732 for days and days ..... per lungo tempo 732 what about (you) ............ che ne pensi 732 bitter ......................................... amaro 732 dissatisfaction ............ insoddisfazione 733 neat ............................. ordinato, lindo 733 poverty .................................... povertà 733 admire ..................................ammirare 733 admiration...................... ammirazione 733 generous .............................. generoso LESSON 133 736 hitchhike ...............................autostop 736 dear ................................ caro, costoso 736 easy ............................................. facile 736 ease ......................facilità, disinvoltura 736 at ease .......................... a proprio agio 736 ill at ease ............................... a disagio 737 to be obliged .............essere obbligato 737 steal ...........................................rubare 737 rob ............................derubare, rubare 737 robbery ...................................... rapina 737 thief ............................................. ladro 737 mask ..................................... maschera 738 handle ..............................maneggiare 738 gentle ............................ gentile, dolce 738 hand-in-hand ......... mano nella mano 738 arm-in-arm ......................sottobraccio 738 custom ............................ uso, costume 738 girlfriend ..............ragazza (fidanzata) 738 boyfriend ............ ragazzo (fidanzato) 739 enable ............. mettere in grado di…, .......................................... permettere 739 instruction ........................... istruzione 739 booklet .................... libretto, opuscolo 739 tender........................................tenero 739 tough............................................duro 739 lovingly .................... affettuosamente, ....................................amorevolmente LESSON 134 741 in my view ........................ secondo me 741 from my point of view .............dal mio ....................................... punto di vista 741 if you ask me ................... per quel che ...........................................mi riguarda 741 as far as I’m concerned ..... per quanto ...........................................mi riguarda 742 clockwise ......................in senso orario 742 anticlockwise......... in senso antiorario 742 symbol .....................................simbolo 742 @ = at ....................................chiocciola 742 . = dot .........................................punto 742 inquire (or enquire)............ informarsi, ......................................... fare ricerche 742 inquiry (or enquiry) ............ informarsi, ......................................... fare ricerche 742 escape .......................fuggire, evadere 742 prisoner ............................. prigioniero 743 regret ...............................rimpiangere 743 wipe..................asciugare strofinando 743 forehead .................................... fronte 743 towel ..............................asciugamano 743 interest .................................. interesse 743 shares .........................................azioni 743 tidiness ...................... ordine, lindezza 744 preferable ...........................preferibile 744 largely ................................largamente 744 quality ...................................... qualità 745 may as well ...................tanto vale fare ......................qualcosa in mancanza di ...............................alternative migliori 745 might as well ................tanto vale fare ......................qualcosa in mancanza di ...............................alternative migliori 745 on account of ......................a causa di, ...................................... per conto di… 745 energetic ............................ energetico 745 breath ....................................... respiro 745 breathe .................................. respirare 745 out of breath ......................senza fiato 745 through ........................attraverso, per 746 clothing ........vestiario, abbigliamento LESSON 135 748 to take into account ..........prendere in ..................................... considerazione 748 tip ................................. punta, mancia 748 make up your mind ............... decidersi 748 delicate ....................................delicato 748 observe ................................. osservare 748 observation .....................osservazione 749 historic .......................................storico 749 paw ...........................................zampa 749 claw ..........................................artiglio 749 wooden .................................. di legno 749 hut .............................capanna, rifugio 749 woollen .....................................di lana 749 silken ......................................... di seta 749 golden .........................................d’oro 750 every other day ...........a giorni alterni, ..........................un giorno se e uno no 750 assist ......................... assistere, aiutare 750 assistant................................assistente 750 pushchair ........................... passeggino 750 otherwise ..................... in altro modo, ..................... altrimenti, diversamente 750 engaged ................................occupato750 perform ............... fare, rappresentare, ................................................eseguire 750 performance ...........rappresentazione 750 trick ............................................trucco 750 magic ........................................magico 751 envy ........................................invidiare 751 envious .................................. invidioso 751 celebrity..................................celebrità 751 fame ............................................ fama 751 advice (n) ............................... consiglio 751 advise (v) ............................ consigliare 751 practice (n) ................................pratica 751 practise (v) ............................. praticare 751 licence (n) ................................. licenza 751 license (v)......... concedere una licenza 751 record (n) .......... record, primato, disco 751 record (v) .............................. registrare 752 scatter .............................. sparpagliare 752 plant .......................................... pianta 752 row ....................................... fila, solco 752 disorderly ................disordinatamente 752 tap ............. tambureggiare, rubinetto 752 turn on ....................................... aprire 752 pollution ....................... inquinamento 752 polluted ................................inquinato LESSON 136 754 slight ...............................leggero, lieve 754 upside down ........ capovolto, rovescio 754 right way up .... diritto, non al rovescio 755 feather ....................................... piuma 755 wear ...................logorare, consumare 755 sleeve........................................ manica 755 mend ................... riparare, aggiustare 755 worn out .............. spossato, distrutto, ............................. consumato, usurato 755 exhausted ............................... esausto 755 qualification ..................qualificazione 755 debt ...........................................debito 756 interrupt .........................interrompere 756 interruption .................... interruzione 756 if only …! ........................... magari ….! 756 act ........................................agire; atto 756 capable ..................................... capace 756 bar ............................................. sbarra 756 lock ..........serratura, chiudere a chiave 757 cart ..........................................carretto 757 deceive ................................ ingannare 757 complain .............................lamentarsi 757 complaint ............. lamentela, reclamo 758 either side .................... ambedue i lati 758 faint ............................svenire, leggero 758 excitement ........................ eccitazione 758 fear ............................................. paura 759 happen to .............. accadere, capitare 759 outwards ......................verso l’esterno 759 inwards ......................... verso l’interno 759 lean.................. pendere, appoggiarsi, ...............................................sporgersi 759 beneath ................................al di sotto 759 give way ..........cedere sotto pressione 759 mankind ................................. umanità 759 mate ................................... compagno 760 zoo..................................................zoo 760 cage .......................................... gabbia 760 monkey ...................................scimmia 760 ape ..........................................scimmia 760 closely ............................. strettamente LESSON 137 761 it is not so ............................ non è cosí 761 so, you have come! ................... allora, ............................................sei venuto! 761 it so happens .... guarda caso, per caso 761 I told you so ...............te l’avevo detto! 761 just (exactly) .................... esattamente 761 melt .....................sciogliersi, liquefarsi 761 have something to do with … ............. .............. qualcosa a che vedere con…. 762 pick at ..................................spiluccare, ....................... mangiare di malavoglia 762 pick out ................................. scegliere 762 regard ................................considerare 762 regards ........................................ saluti 762 greet ........................................salutare 762 greetings ..................................... saluti 762 bye-bye .............................. arrivederci 762 see you ............................... arrivederci 762 scent ...................................... profumo 762 give off ............................dare, esalare 763 welcome ................. prego, benvenuto 763 go right ...........................andare bene 763 temper....................................... collera 763 lose one’s temper .... andare in collera 763 thoughtful ..........................pensieroso 763 go bad ..........andare a male, guastarsi 763 by now.......adesso, a quest’ora, ormai 764 warn ....................avvertire, ammonire 764 ahead .........................................avanti 764 triangle ................................. triangolo 764 mercy ........................................... pietà 764 desire .................................. desiderare 764 ignore .....................................ignorare 765 upright .......................................eretto 765 lung .......................................polmone 765 organ ........................................organo 765 seldom ......................................organo 765 work out ................calcolare, risolvere, ...................................... esercizio fisico 765 confusion ...........................confusione 765 electrical ................................. elettrico 766 advance .................................avanzare 766 step by step ...........un passo alla volta, ...................................... gradualmente 766 progress ................................avanzare 766 in advance ...........................in anticipo 766 in arrears ........................... in arretrato 766 cuff ...........................................polsino 766 preparation ....................preparazione 767 valley ............................................ valle 767 injustice ............................... Ingiustizia LESSON 138 768 bite – bit – bitten ...................mordere 768 bare .............................nudo, scoperto 768 weapon ....................................... arma 768 barely ................ appena, a mala pena 768 go back .................................. ritornare 768 come back ............................. ritornare 768 go in .........................................entrare 768 come in .....................................entrare 768 return .................................... ritornare 768 enter .........................................entrare 768 descend ................................. scendere 768 overcome............................... superare 768 go down ................................ scendere 768 come down ........................... scendere 769 case .....................................caso, causa 769 barrister ........... avvocato patrocinante 770 (just) in case ............................casomai, ......................................nel caso che … 770 risk ............................................. rischio 770 run a risk..................correre un rischio 770 excuse (v) ..................................scusare 770 excuse (n) .................................... scusa 771 waist ...............................................vita 771 waistcoat ...................... panciotto, gilè 771 fancy ........................... immaginare(si), ................................... figurarsi, vedere 771 pint .............................................. pinta 771 gallon ...................................... gallone 771 litre ................................................ litro 772 jealous .......................................geloso 772 jealousy .................................... gelosia 772 go out with ...........stare con qualcuno ...........................(relazione romantica) 772 fortune .................................... fortuna 772 fortunate .............................. fortunato 772 international ................internazionale 772 mine ........................................ miniera 772 miner .....................................minatore 772 tend .........................avere la tendenza 773 content (n) ..........................contenuto 773 content (v or adj) .......... accontentare, ............................. appagare, contento 773 witness (v) ........................... testimone LESSON 139 775 rid .........................liberare, sbarazzare 775 get rid of .............liberarsi, sbarazzarsi 775 above all ............................ soprattutto 775 sharp ........................................affilato 775 blunt ................non affilato, senza filo 775 sharpen ....................................affilare 775 grind – ground – ground .................... ...............macinare, macinai, macinato 775 flour ............................................ farina 775 wheat ....................... grano, frumento 776 harm ................ danneggiare, nuocere 776 harmful ................................. dannoso 776 harmless ................................. innocuo 776 creature .................................. creatura 777 iron ..................... stirare, ferro da stiro 777 extreme .................................. estremo 777 reduce ...................................... ridurre 777 likely .....................................probabile 777 unlikely .............................improbabile 778 do someone a favour ....fare un favore 778 That’s all right ............. prego, va bene 778 Not at all ............. prego, non del tutto 778 It’s nothing .................................prego 778 You’re welcome ................ non è nulla 778 Don’t mention it ........................prego 778 No problem ..............nessun problema 778 up ............... (suffisso) completamente 778 tear – tore – torn ................. strappare 779 cheek .......................................guancia 779 cheeky ................................... sfacciato 779 pile ................. mucchio, ammucchiare, ................................................ impilare 779 one on top of the other ...... uno sopra ................................................... l’altro 779 heap .........................mucchio, cumulo 780 point ...........................................punto 780 freeze – froze – frozen ....... congelare 780 nought ............................. zero, niente 780 zero ...............................................zero 780 Fahrenheit .......................... Fahrenheit 780 insect ........................................ insetto 780 itch ............................. prudere, prurito 780 scratch ..................... grattare, grattarsi 780 scrape .....................grattare, raschiare 781 opposition ........................opposizione LESSON 140 782 the sooner ..., the better ...................... ................................. prima è, meglio è 782 responsible ...................... responsabile 782 council .............. consiglio (municipale) 782 scream ........................................... urlo 782 fright .....................................spavento 782 frighten ..............................spaventare 782 horror ........................................ orrore 783 mean ........................cattivo, malvagio 783 thoughtless ........................ irriflessivo, ..................................... senza riguardo 783 pale .......................................... pallido 783 sickness ................................... malattia 784 light – lit – lit ......................accendere, ........................................accesi, acceso 784 candle ...................................... candela 784 failure .. insuccesso, mancanza, guasto 784 upset ................sconvolto, addolorato 784 feel upset ...sentirsi sconvolto, agitato 784 terribly ............................ terribilmente 785 wreck ...........provocare il naufragio di, .............distruggere; naufragio, relitto 785 misfortune ..............................sventura 785 shipwreck .............................naufragio 785 sale .......................................... vendita 785 for sale ..................................in vendita 785 sales ......................................... vendite 785 advertisement ...................... annuncio .........................................pubblicitario 785 commercial ...................... commerciale 785 rival ..............................................rivale 786 over ...................................più di, oltre 786 basement ....... interrato, seminterrato 787 bargain .... mercanteggiare, negoziare 787 caution ................... cautela, prudenza 787 cautiously ..................prudentemente, ....................................... con prudenza 788 rapid .......................................... rapido LESSON 141 789 deliver ............ recapitare, consegnare 789 mail ............................. corrispondenza 789 beforehand .........................in anticipo 789 critic ............................................critico 789 expect ................. aspettare, attendere 789 rely on ................. fare affidamento su 790 fast ....................................saldamente 790 fasten ....................... allacciare, legare 790 take off ..................................decollare 790 porter ..................................... portiere 791 a fifty-minute lesson .....una lezione di ..................................cinquanta minuti 791 a four-door car .....................un’auto a ....................................... quattro porte 791 jog ................................... fare jogging 791 overnight ................... tutt’ad un tratto 791 lifestyle ............................... stile di vita 792 mere .............................semplice, puro 792 nuisance ................. fastidio, seccatura 792 post .............................. pilastro, posto 792 doorpost .................stipite della porta 792 goal ....................porta meta obiettivo 792 dig – dug – dug .......................scavare 792 postage ............................affrancatura 793 naughty .....................cattivo, birichino 793 punish........................................ punire 793 fold .......................................... piegare 793 native......................................... nativo 793 treasure ..................................... tesoro 793 receipt .....................................ricevuta 793 prove ....................................... provare LESSON 142 795 excuse me .............. mi scusi, scusatemi 795 I’m sorry .........scusi, scusa, mi dispiace 796 wealthy ....................ricco, benestante796 disaster ....................................disastro 796 flood ......................................alluvione 796 then ................ allora, poi, in quel caso 796 urge ......................... incitare, spingere 797 affair .......................... affare, faccenda 797 love affair .............. relazione amorosa 798 charm ................................affascinare, .........................incantare, incantesimo 798 charming ..........................affascinante 798 musical ...................................musicale 798 snake ..................................... serpente 798 snake charmer ................... incantatore ............................................ di serpenti 798 instrument ..........................strumento 799 latest ................................il più recente 799 last ............................................. ultimo 799 last but one .........................penultimo 799 blackboard .............................. lavagna 799 whiteboard ................. lavagna bianca 799 chalk ........................................... gesso 799 eyebrow ........................... sopracciglio 799 eyelash ........................................ ciglio 799 eyelid ..................................... palpebra 799 lid ..........................................coperchio 799 pan ..........................................pentola 800 favour ...................................... favorire 800 yacht ............................................ yacht 800 hinder .................intralciare, rallentare 800 clothe ..................... vestire, abbigliarsi 800 endless ........ interminabile, senza fine 800 bunch ............fascio, mazzo, grappolo 800 grape ..............................................uva 801 revolution .......................... rivoluzione LESSON 143 802 resist ....................................... resistere 802 resistance ............................ resistenza 803 substantial ..........................sostanziale 803 bacon .................................... pancetta 803 toast ................................pane tostato 803 fry – fried – fried ................... friggere 803 approximate ................approssimativo 803 course ...........................portata, piatto 803 starter ................................... antipasto 803 main course ...............piatto principale 803 dessert .........................................dolce 803 dine .......................... pranzare, cenare 804 marmalade ....... marmellata di agrumi 804 jam..................................... marmellata 804 pear .............................................. pera 804 plum .........................................prugna 804 the country ............il paese, la nazione 804 rejoice ........................gioire, fare festa 804 victory .......................................vittoria 804 shave ......................................... radere 804 razor ...........................................rasoio 804 heal.......................guarire, cicatrizzare 805 live (v) ........................... vivere, abitare 805 live (adj) ........................... vivo, vivente 805 musician ................................musicista 805 mild ............. mite, delicato, moderato 805 remark .........commento, osservazione 805 look .........................sguardo, occhiata 805 stormy ................................burrascoso 805 proof .......................................... prova 806 saying ........detto, massima, proverbio 806 trap .........................................trappola 806 pot ..................................vaso, tegame 806 cooking pot .............................pentola 806 flowerpot .........................vaso da fiori 806 coffee pot ............................caffettiera 806 teapot ......................................... teiera 806 in relation to ...................in relazione a 806 relationship ........................... rapporto 806 relative .................................... relativo 806 overweight ........................ sovrappeso 807 at sea ....................................... in mare 807 by sea ....................................per mare LESSON 144 809 go past .................................... passare 809 nearby ..................... vicino, nella zona 810 in season ............................di stagione 810 out of season ................fuori stagione 810 thread ................................ infilare, filo 810 needle ........................................... ago 810 sew ............................................. cucire 810 compass ................................... bussola 810 injection ................................iniezione 810 agent ........................................ agente 810 agency .....................................agenzia 811 title ..............................................titolo 811 champion .............................campione 811 boxer ......................................... pugile 811 enormous ................................enorme 811 belief .......................... fede, credenza, ..........................................convinzione 811 effort ..........................................sforzo 811 stay in touch with ..................tenersi in ......................................... contatto con 812 tolerate ...................................tollerare 812 go ahead .procedere col fare qualcosa 812 just the same .................... in ogni caso 812 bath ........................................... bagno 812 bathe ......................................bagnarsi 812 sunbathe .....................prendere il sole 813 cheat ................. ingannare; imbroglio, ........... inganno, tranello, truffa, frode 813 dip ................... immergere, abbassare 813 horizon ................................. orizzonte 813 horizontal .......................... orizzontale 813 feed – fed – fed ....................... nutrire 814 hay ............................................... fieno 814 straw ...........................................paglia 814 stem ..............................................stelo 815 development .......................... sviluppo LESSON 145 816 preference ..........................preferenza 816 cuisine ....................................... cucina 816 style ............................................... stile 816 help yourself ............... servirsi, aiutare 816 can’t help ............... poter fare a meno 816 load .................... carico, peso, caricare 816 barrel ...............................barile, canna 816 lead .........................................piombo 816 rod ................... sbarra, bacchetta asta, .....................................canna da pesca 817 voyage ......................................viaggio 817 space ......................................... spazio 817 tour................................................ giro 817 tourist ........................................ turista 817 pet .........................animale domestico 817 rabbit .......................................coniglio 817 run on .............................. andare a … , .......................... essere alimentato con 817 create .........................................creare 818 situated .................................... situato 818 cloth ............................ tessuto, stoffa, .............................. panno, strofinaccio 818 convince .............................convincere 818 try ............. giudicare, provare, tentare 818 set free .................................... liberare 818 relieve ................. alleviare, soccorrere, ...............................................sostituire 818 relief ........................................ sollievo 818 pill ...............................................pillola 818 painkiller ....................... antidolorifico 819 self ..............................stesso, se stesso 819 selfish .......................................egoista 819 self-control .................... autocontrollo 819 control ................................... controllo 819 lie – lay – lain ............ sdraiare, sdraiai, ................................................ sdraiato 819 lie – lied – lied ........... mentire, mentii, .................................................mentito 819 lay – laid – laid .............. posare, posai, .................................................. posato 820 tight ...........................................stretto 820 tight-fitting ...........................aderente 820 loose-fitting ................................ largo 820 airtight .........................a tenuta d’aria 820 watertight ................ a tenuta d’acqua 820 container ...........................contenitore 820 aim.......... scopo, fine, mirare, puntare 820 take aim.....................prendere la mira 821 damp ......................................... umido 821 indeed .................... infatti, veramente 821 emphasis ....................................enfasi 821 jaw ..........................................mascella 821 ladder ................................ scala a pioli 821 vertical ....................................verticale 822 admit ..............ammettere, far entrare 822 take place ..........avere luogo, avvenire 822 punishment ......................... punizione English–Japanese Vocabulary Book Stage 9 English in a quarter of the time! STAGE 9 Japanese vocabulary LESSON 127 697 social..............................................嫦が堬ᐈ 697 edge ..............岗뉰ᐓ뉰㎫뉰㶹Ᏽᏸᐂ燚ᐞ 697 little by little ..................................㶹Ᏽᏸᐂ 697 intend ............................................䊷㢛ᐩ 697 tin ....................................... 惞氘ᐌ惞뉰ᑎᑏ 697 preserve.........................................ㆅ㴀ᐩ 697 aluminium ..............................ᐷᒀᑴᑠᐻᑵ 698 on average ....................................䀛㣯Ᏽᐄ 699 sympathy .............................................. 㖴䉭 700 reckon ....................................憫Ꮶᐩ뉰䇅Ꮴ 700 airline ............................................插尢ヂ嫦 700 horrible...................................ᐐᐇᏭ⾵䆓ᐈ 700 anxiety .................................................. 䅫狵 700 anxious .......................................ᏫᏪᏩᐨᐈ 700 possession .........................................䏨䢱向 701 entertain .......................................䕍䄭ᐩ 701 background .......................................... 扴䠗 701 apply ............................㎢稀ᐩ뉰ᏻᏻᏮ뉰 ..................................爑囐Ᏻᐪᐩ뉰四汳ᐩ 701 highly ................................................䬝ᐟᐄ 701 the Browns ......................ᑫᑾᐻᒈᏳᐱ⾨㵞 702 ancient ..............................................㖌るᐌ 702 Egypt .............................................ᐽᑍᑬᑝ 702 degree .............. 뉝歺䁎ᐢ俑䁎ᐌ㔀ヵᐌ뉞䁎 702 angle .................................................... 歺䁎 702 right angle............................................ 墜歺 702 grade .................................................... 毽ㅉ 702 centigrade ............................................ ᑐ䶷 702 somewhat .....................................ᏢᏭᐧᏩ 702 at all ........................................㌐Ꮽ«ᐅᐈᏢ 703 unity ..................................................... 廸䤇 LESSON 128 704 confident ................................排ㆉᐰ䒩ᐁᐄ 704 now that .................................ひᐢ«Ꮹᐧ 705 agree about ................«ᐉᐂᏢᐄ㖴䊷ᐩ 705 agree that ..........WKDWろ⾳ᐌᏱᐆᐉ㖴䊷ᐩ 705 agree to .......................뉝ヽᏩ뉞ᐉ㖴䊷ᐩ 705 agree with ......................... �ぢ뉞ᐉ㖴䊷ᐩ 705 take care ...................亐䊷ᐩ뉰⾾氙ᐰᐩ 705 run over .........................................灲ᐅ䂽Ꮽ 705 care for ..........................................«ᐰ㬥ᐞ 706 I dare say ............................ 㫂㎮ᏻᏤᐫᏤ 706 daring .....................................㖹ᏱᏤ欳ᏸᐌ 706 require ........................................䅭欩ᐆᐩ 706 conserve .....................................㫏㎯ᐉㄧᏤ 706 eager .................................................卙䅫ᐈ 706 rub ..........................................ᐨ㖰ᐭᏹᐩ 706 rub out ........................뉝估Ᏽᑉᑵ뉞ᐅ估 706 rubber ...........................................估Ᏽᑉᑵ 707 face ..................................... «ᐉ礊ᏵᐄᏢᐩ 707 face to face.............................礊ᐆ㖹Ꮹᐁᐄ 707 god ...........................................................嬆 707 thus ..........................ᏻᐪ䛭ᐉ뉰ᏻᐌᐦᏤᐉ 708 economize .....................................㇡庬ᐩ 708 involve ................................ 㗓ᐞ뉰睊⾶ᐩ 708 attack .............................................欚ᐭᐪᐩ 708 scarcely ............................... ᐙᐆᐱᐇ«ᐈᏢ 708 scarce .................................................⿷ᏵᏢ 709 impression ..................................㔘渉뉰䋇 709 bury ...................................................㥳ᐟᐩ 709 cemetery .............................................. 㨻㣘 709 anger .................................................... 䆺ᐨ 709 additional ..........................................熥㑈ᐌ 709 insult (v) .........................................ㅖ煙ᐩ 709 insult (n) .....................................㫙嫤ᐈ殨㑽 710 madness ............................................... 呪䶿 LESSON 129 712 afraid of.............................................䇸ᐪᐩ 712 afraid that ............«ᐅᐈᏢᏩᐆ䅫狵ᐩ뉰 ..................................䴳䆝ᐈᏪᐧ«ᐌᐦᏤ 712 afraid to...........................«ᐩᐌᐰ䆾Ꮺᐩ 712 crash ..................................................... 㩄日 712 whiskers ............................................... ᑧᑇ 712 gap ...........................眻砼뉰Ꮻ眻뉰㎯ᐪ墖 712 fence .........................................................㧨 712 hedge ................................................... 㥋䧡 713 hall ..........................................䀫眻뉰ᑰᒑᒀ 713 entrance ............................................㌍ᐨ㖋 713 town hall ...........................................㾪䄡䏨 713 pool ........................................佚・ᐌᏽᐜᐨ 713 liquid .................................................... 佚・ 713 indoor ................................................㷳㌭ᐌ 713 outdoor .............................................㷳㪾ᐌ 713 indoors ..............................................㷳㌭ᐅ 713 outdoors ............................................㷳㪾ᐅ 713 out of doors ......................................䏠㪾ᐅ 714 knee ..................................................... ᐐᏴ 714 kneel - knelt - knelt ........ᐐᏴᐜᏸᏭ뉰ᐐᏴ 714 late .............................................㋰ᐌ뉰䛭« 714 lately ..................................................... 䢨煹 714 match ...................㖰ᐭᏹᐩ뉰㬥䜝䏳뉰氎㖰 714 judo ...................................................... 䥼燻 715 funeral .................................................. 昔䂷 715 mystery .......................................ᑴᑎᑛᑿᒑ 715 path ...................................................... 㶷燻 715 insure ......................................ㆅ砢ᐰᏩᏯᐩ 715 insurance .............................................. ㆅ砢 715 theft ..................................................... 塿碋 716 throne .................................................. 唳䁏 716 annoy ................................. ᐹᑾᐹᑾᏳᏹᐩ 716 fly .......................................................... ᑤᐽ 716 fall asleep ...................................壈ᐨᐉᐂᏭ 716 sore ..................................... ᑧᑿᑧᑿᐆ垃Ꮲ 716 design(v) ................................ᑜᑋᐹᒈᐩ LESSON 130 718 compound .........................................檯㖰汆 719 currency ................................................ 燂湐 719 unit ....................................................... 㔀ヵ 719 penny ................................................ᑯᑠᒑ 719 pence .................................................ᑯᒈᑎ 720 slow down ..............................燇䁎ᐰ日ᐆ 720 speed up ........................................㑈燇ᐩ 720 in addition to ....................................Ᏻᐧᐉ 720 forbid – forbade – forbidden ...........嬩ᐩ 720 peculiar .............................. 㫯㭁ᐈ뉰咔吡ᐌ 720 peculiarity ..................................咔吡ᐈᐠᐌ 721 suffix..................................................䕍㷦汆 721 either of them .................... ᐇᐧᏩ⾨䝡ᐌ 721 neither of them ...............ᐇᐧᐠ«ᐅᐈᏢ 721 screw .................................................... ᐋ 721 screwdriver ....................................ᐋ㢆Ᏽ 722 maximum ......................................䢨㫏矸ᐌ 722 minimum .......................................䢨㶷矸ᐌ 722 point ..............................................䊷㘛뉰剡 722 essay ..................................................㶷汾䜯 722 paragraph ............................................ 䵝日 722 pad ...........................䃻ᐄ向뉰氘ᐟ向ᐰᐩ 722 cotton wool ...................................ᑀᑘᑝ彧 722 absorb ...........................................㗠㕶ᐩ 722 reach out ....................................䏳ᐰムᐎ 723 scale .................................... 墖境ᐨ뉰忖㷢䵼 723 corner ..............................屖㣘ᐉ熥Ꮲ氘ᐟᐩ LESSON 131 724 chance .............................ᑖᑸᒈᑎ뉰㖗报䇏 724 by chance ..........................................㈞勞ᐉ 725 take hold of .......................................ᐂᏩᐞ 725 take by surprise ..........................⾵䊷ᐰ欚Ꮴ 725 take a look ..................................汧ᐗᐄᐝᐩ 725 second-hand .....................................⿕㖌ᐌ 725 temptation ........................................... 汀䉹 725 dishonest .......................................⾵䴋墜ᐈ 725 view ...................................................... 䠗搚 725 hide – hid – hidden ..........................硈ᐪᐩ 726 liar .................................................ᏤᏻᐂᏫ 726 pay attention ................................亐䊷ᐩ 726 detail .................................................... 氛廘 727 sweat .............................................䷿ᐰᏩᏭ 727 nervous .........................................彲䃝Ᏽᐄ 727 underneath ...................................«ᐌ⾳ᐉ 727 unlike ......................................«ᐆᐍ燽ᐁᐄ 727 wander ........................ᏠᐄᐠᐈᏭ䴑Ꮻ㢆ᐩ 727 distinguish .....................................㓢㏍ᐩ 727 a while ...........................................㶹Ᏽᐌ眻 LESSON 132 729 still .................ᐜ뉰ᏻᐪᐉᐠᏩᏩᐭᐧᏸ뉰 ................................................ᐈᏨᏢᐁᏻᏤ 729 yet......................................................... ᐜ 729 annoyance .....................................Ꮲᐧ 730 according to ...........................«ᐉᐦᐪᐎ뉰 .......................... «ᐉ殨ᐭᏹᐩᐆ뉰ᐉ䄻ᐁᐄ 730 in my opinion .........................孩ᐌ憫Ꮶᐅᐍ 730 band ..........确㢋뉰䬥㢋뉰뉝㿗呞ᐌ뉞ᑥᒈᑞ 730 disturbance .......................................... 箺Ꮼ 730 military ..............................................灵砲ᐌ 731 link ...................................... 睊燋䇏뉰ᑿᒈᑄ 731 browse......................ᐻᐼᑫᑯᒑᑍᐰ欳ᐩ뉰 ............................................ 㛮㙩ᐰ欳ᐄ㢆ᐩ 731 carriage ...........................燳熩뉰㵊灲뉰答灲 731 invention .............................................. 堢䞶 731 explanation .......................................... 汔䞶 732 about .................................. ᐂᏢᐄ뉰㘐ᐨᐉ 732 for days and days ..............................ヽ䞍ᐠ 732 what about (you) ............... ᏠᐈᏽᐍᐇᏤ뉴 732 bitter ..........................................撎Ꮲ뉰䍌ᐨ 732 dissatisfaction ...................................... ⾵倨 733 neat ............................................䜜离Ᏻᐪᏽ 733 poverty ................................................. 湏㢘 733 admire ...........................................官溃ᐩ 733 admiration............................................ 官溃 733 generous ............................ 向䊄ᏵᐝᏵᐈᏢ LESSON 133 736 hitchhike .....................ᑧᑘᑖᑤᐹᑄᐰᐩ 736 dear .................. 歒䋃ᐈᐩ뉰㫏㎯ᐈ뉰粀ㅉᐈ 736 easy ...................................................... 䬥ᐈ 736 ease .................................㵡䞻ᐉ뉰㘴ᐧᏰᐩ 736 at ease ...............................................䶿䬥ᐉ 736 ill at ease ................................日壨ᏩᐈᏢ 737 to be obliged ...................... ㊨ᐈᏭ«ᐩ 737 steal ...................................................... 塿ᐞ 737 rob ........................................................ 㬒Ꮴ 737 robbery ................................................. 䃟塿 737 thief ...................................................... 亍䩺 737 mask ..................................................... 欮礊 738 handle ....................................㕾ᐁ䏳뉰䐙Ꮴ 738 gentle ..............................㋒ᏵᏢ뉰寷ᐢᏩᐈ 738 hand-in-hand .................... 䏳ᐰ㕾ᐨ㖰ᐁᐄ 738 arm-in-arm ................................拽ᐰ廬ᐱᐅ 738 custom .................................................. 穐慺 738 girlfriend ............................ ᑁᒑᒀᑪᒁᒈᑞ 738 boyfriend ........................... ᑱᒑᐹᑪᒁᒈᑞ 739 enable ................................ «ᐰ㖗报ᐉᐩ 739 instruction ..................................ぽ䮀汔䞶䢠 739 booklet ................................................. ㌲㳸 739 tender............ᐢᐭᐧᏩᏢ뉰䋃䉭ᐌᏱᐠᐁᏽ 739 tough.................................................... 娔Ꮲ 739 lovingly ...................................䋃䉭ᐰ煤ᐟᐄ LESSON 134 741 in my view ..............................孩ᐌ䊷欳ᐅᐍ 741 from my point of view ....孩排灓ᐌ欳残ᐅᐍ 741 if you ask me ...................... 孩ᐉ殨ᐭᏹᐪᐎ 741 as far as I’m concerned ................................ ..............................㶹ᐈᏭᐆᐠ孩ᐉ睊Ᏽᐄᐍ 742 clockwise .........................䟪殰㢆ᐨᐌ䝡㖹ᐉ 742 anticlockwise ...............熮䟪殰㢆ᐨᐌ䝡㖹ᐉ 742 symbol .................................................. 毀㖟 742 @ = at ......................................ᐷᑘᑝᑳᒑᑄ 742 . = dot ................................................ᑞᑘᑝ 742 inquire (or enquire)...........................㶳ᐋᐩ 742 inquiry (or enquiry) .......................㕾ᐨ汧ᐗ 742 escape ...........................................拙㎢ᐩ 742 prisoner ................................................ 䓽栄 743 regret ................................................... 䄴䈼 743 wipe...................................................... 䒕Ꮽ 743 forehead ...................................................秵 743 towel .................................................ᑔᐿᒀ 743 interest .......................................㏑䯑뉰㏑塲 743 shares .......................................................䧒 743 tidiness ........................䜜离ᏳᐪᐄᏢᐩᏱᐆ 744 preferable .....................................䣃ᐜᏵᏢ 744 largely ............................................㫏犐㎮ᐍ 744 quality .................................................. 湯溒 745 may as well ......................«ᐩ䝡ᏪᐜᏵ 745 might as well ...................«ᐩ䝡ᏪᐜᏵ 745 on account of .............................«ᐌ單囙ᐅ 745 energetic .........................ᐽᑢᒀᑃᑘᑌᑺᐈ 745 breath .......................................................䈗 745 breathe ..........................................䈗ᐰᐩ 745 out of breath ..........................䈗ᐰ㎯ᐧᏵᐄ 745 through ......................................«ᐌᏽᐟᐉ 746 clothing ................................................ 樋稆 LESSON 135 748 to take into account ........«ᐰ憫䌖ᐉ㌍ᐪᐩ 748 tip ....................................ᑖᑘᑬ뉰䒯㋰뉰㋰ 748 make up your mind .......................丢䅫ᐩ 748 delicate .......................................㉟ᐝᐢᏢ 748 observe ..........................................歛㶇ᐩ 748 observation .......................................... 歛㶇 749 historic ....................................䴜㖚⾲獵欩ᐈ 749 paw...............................................㑽向ᐌ潛 749 claw ...............................................ᏩᏬᐃᐟ 749 wooden .............................................䣐檥ᐌ 749 hut ........................................................ 㶷㷳 749 woollen .............................................䶃庠ᐌ 749 silken ..........................................弡ᐌᐦᏤᐈ 749 golden ...............................................獹搚ᐌ 750 every other day ..........................⾨䞍ᏨᏫᐉ 750 assist ..................................................㑑Ꮿᐩ 750 assistant................................................ 䀿㚉 750 pushchair ....................................ᑮᑨᒑᑀᒑ 750 otherwise ......まᐌᏱᐆᐅ뉰ᏻᐌまᐌ剡ᐅᐍ 750 engaged ......................䏳ᏪᐓᏳᏪᐁᐄᏢᐩ 750 perform ..................................傼ᐩ뉰槴Ꮴ 750 performance ........................................ 傼䐨 750 trick ...................................................... 摠䃻 750 magic .................................................... 䏳㙩 751 envy .................................... ᏤᐧᐢᐜᏵᏪᐩ 751 envious ...................................ᏤᐧᐢᐜᏵᏢ 751 celebrity.............................................䢱㖵ぢ 751 fame ..................................................... 㖵㪘 751 advice (n) ....................................ᐷᑞᑥᐹᑎ 751 advise (v) ............................ ᐷᑞᑥᐹᑎᐩ 751 practice (n) ........................................... 徜慺 751 practise (v) .....................................徜慺ᐩ 751 licence (n) ...................................ᑾᐹᑐᒈᑎ 751 license (v)..................ᑾᐹᑐᒈᑎᐰ毙㖗ᐩ 751 record (n) ............................ 毀瓚뉰䢨粀毀瓚 751 record (v) .....................毀瓚ᐩ뉰瓚禛ᐩ 752 scatter ............ᐜᏫ䜋ᐧ뉰䜋ᐨ䜋ᐨᐉᐈᐩ 752 plant ..................................................䪵Ꮶᐩ 752 row ...........................................................㎿ 752 disorderly ........................乣㴱ᐰ〙ᐦᏤᐈ 752 tap ...................................炥ᏭᏽᏽᏭ뉰桯㖋 752 turn on ................... �䷜ᐢᑁᑎᐈᐇᐰ뉞㎢ 752 pollution ............................................... 丂䥻 752 polluted ......................................丂䥻Ᏻᐪᏽ LESSON 136 754 slight .......炥Ꮲ뉰ᐭᏸᏩᐈ뉰㕾ᐩᐉ潛ᐨᐈᏢ 754 upside down .................................熮Ᏻᐜᐉ 754 right way up ...........................䴋ᏵᏢ䝡㖹ᐉ 755 feather ......................................................慥 755 wear ...........................................䚎ᐨ㎯ᐧ 755 sleeve........................................................樾 755 mend .............................................㆖單ᐩ 755 worn out ..................壨㖌Ᏽᏽ뉰坚ᐪ䥄ᐄᏽ 755 exhausted ..............................ᐐᐇᏭ坚ᐪᏽ 755 qualification ......................................... 湯䧤 755 debt ...................................................... ㇇獹 756 interrupt ............................. ぢᐌ殨旱ᐰ爖ᐩ 756 interruption ......................................... 㭐㵛 756 if only …! ...................«ᐅᏠᐨᏳᏦᐪᐎ 756 act ....................................... 槴剢뉰槴㑽ᐩ 756 capable ........................«ᐩᏱᐆᏪᐅᏫᐩ 756 bar .................... 䩺뉰䤧呞ᐌᐠᐌ뉰珬䧤㳸뉰 ................燚㌍ᐰ矣䴊ᐩ뉰㎢㌍ᐨᐰ嬩ᐩ 756 lock .........................................ᏩᏬᐰ䕃Ꮿᐩ 757 cart ....................................................攟答灲 757 deceive ..............................................ᐜ 757 complain ....................................䜯㖍ᐰ殨Ꮴ 757 complaint ........................撎䉭뉰⾵倨ᐌ毜Ꮶ 758 either side .........................................⿉㈜ᐉ 758 faint .............................ᏩᏩᐈ뉰㓺ㆺᐩ 758 excitement ........................................... 掰㬖 758 fear ....................................................... 䇸ᐪ 759 happen to...............................㈞勞ᐉ«ᐩ 759 outwards ...........................................㪾㈜ᐖ 759 inwards ..............................................㌭㈜ᐖ 759 lean..................................㵬ᐨᏩᏩᐩ뉰㉦Ꮽ 759 beneath .............................................«⾳ᐌ 759 give way ............................................㻑ᐪᐩ 759 mankind ............................................... ぢ稆 759 mate ..................................................... ゚眻 760 zoo .....................................................㑽向㢺 760 cage ...................................................... Ꮸᐨ 760 monkey ................................................ ᑊᒀ 760 ape ....................................................稆ぢ哧 760 closely ................................................㵮䕍ᐉ LESSON 137 761 it is not so ...............................ᏻᏤᐅᐍᐈᏢ 761 so, you have come! ....................ᐈᐩᐙᐇᎧ ................................................䤍ᐜᏵᏽᐋ뉖 761 it so happens .................................ᏽᐜᏽᐜ 761 I told you so ..........ᏻᐌᐦᏤᐉ殨ᐁᏽᐅᏵᐥ 761 just (exactly) ..................................ᐜᏳᏵᏭ 761 melt ...................................................ᐆᏯᐩ 761 have something to do with … ................... ............................................ «ᐆ睊ㅪᏪᏠᐩ 762 pick at ..........................«ᐰᐂᐂᏢᐄ窇ᐗᐩ 762 pick out .........................................爠ᐑ㎢ 762 regard ................................................ᐝᐈ 762 regards .....................䜔䊷ᐌ䆝뉝ᐦᐫᏵᏭ뉞 762 greet ..............................................䓐䒞ᐩ 762 greetings .............................................. 䓐䒞 762 bye-bye .........................................Ᏻᐦᐈᐧ 762 see you ..............................................ᐜᏽᐋ 762 scent ..................................................... 㒪Ꮲ 762 give off ................................................. 䛦ᐂ 763 welcome ......................ᐦᏤᏱᏻ뉰䳻煶ᐩ 763 go right ......................................ᏤᐜᏭᏢᏭ 763 temper........................................䰇㱴뉰䇏溒 763 lose one’s temper .........................全䆺ᐩ 763 thoughtful ..................................憫Ꮶ煤ᐱ 763 go bad ......................ᏤᐜᏭᏢᏩᐈᏢ뉰拸ᐩ 763 by now........................................ひ禫ᐍᐠᏤ 764 warn ..............................................洎㗲ᐩ 764 ahead .....................................ᏱᐪᏩᐧ㋰ᐉ 764 triangle ..............................................⾱歺䄊 764 mercy .................................................... 䋰䉚 764 desire ..........................................䣃ᐞ뉰稀䣃 764 ignore ............................................勉款ᐩ 765 upright ..............................................墜屳ᐌ 765 lung ..........................................................扢 765 organ .................................................... 捻㠐 765 seldom ................................ ᐙᐆᐱᐇ«ᐈᏢ 765 work out .................................撎㑜Ᏽᐄ残Ꮽ 765 confusion ............................................. 侟〙 765 electrical ............................................碣䶿ᐌ 766 advance ......................................燚ᐞ뉰燚䴑 766 step by step ........................ ⾨䴑⾨䴑壨㵇ᐉ 766 progress ............................................... 燚ᐞ 766 in advance .....................................㋰䏽Ꮲᐅ 766 in arrears .......................................䄴䏽Ꮲᐅ 766 cuff ....................................................... 樾㖋 766 preparation .......................................... 倾㉁ 767 valley .................................................... 侻淟 767 injustice .............................................⾵㌔䀛 LESSON 138 768 bite - bit - bitten .................................. Ꮹᐞ 768 bare ...............ᐞᏫ㎢Ᏽᐌ뉰檠ᐌ뉰䢨ヶ矸ᐌ 768 weapon ................................................ 䴎㠐 768 barely ................................. 煃Ꮴᐄ«ᐩ 768 go back .......................................䏣ᐁᐄ槴Ꮽ 768 come back ..................................䏣ᐁᐄ䤍ᐩ 768 go in ...........................................㌍ᐁᐄᏢᏭ 768 come in .......................................㌍ᐁᐄᏭᐩ 768 return ................................................... 䏣ᐩ 768 enter ..................................................... ㌍ᐩ 768 descend .............................................⾳ᐨᐩ 768 overcome.......................................㋳䢵ᐩ 768 go down ........................................⾳ᐉ槴Ꮽ768 come down ...................................⾳ᐉ䤍ᐩ 769 case ....................................................... 毜毇 769 barrister ......................................乽䂟䂩洟㪓 770 (just) in case ...................................䆝ᐌᏽᐟ 770 risk ........................................................ 㔙砢 770 run a risk.....................................㔙砢ᐰ㌺ 770 excuse (v) .....................毙뉰殨Ꮲ毛ᐰᐩ 770 excuse (n) ...............................毙Ᏽ뉰殨Ꮲ毛 771 waist ..............................................ᐻᐽᑎᑝ 771 waistcoat .......................................ᑖᑼᑘᑂ 771 fancy ..............䏳Ꮺ煤ᐱ뉰㬥ᐞ뉰䶿ᐉ㌍ᐩ 771 pint ............................... �佚獷㔀ヵ�ᑦᐹᒈᑝ 771 gallon .............................�佚獷㔀ヵ뉞ᑁᒂᒈ 771 litre ................................................ᑿᑘᑝᒀ 772 jealous ...........................................㱱㭔Ᏽᐄ 772 jealousy .............................................ᐋᏽᐝ 772 go out with ............................«ᐆが硃ᐩ 772 fortune .......................................㫏獹뉰䀠燳 772 fortunate ...........................................䀠燳ᐈ 772 international .................................㢥硃堬ᐈ 772 mine ..................................................... 琙㸙 772 miner ..........................................琙㸙㑜㉵憭 772 tend .................................... «ᏵᏪᐅᏠᐩ 773 content (n) ........................................... ⿕灓 773 content (v or adj) ........倨潛Ᏻᏹᐩ뉰倨潛ᐈ 773 witness (v) .....................................墖䘫ᐩ LESSON 139 775 rid ..................................................㕾ᐨ砌Ꮽ 775 get rid of ................................«ᐰ㎎㎮ᐩ 775 above all ........................................ᐆᐨᐭᏯ 775 sharp .................................................... 璕Ꮲ 775 blunt .......................................ᐆᏪᐁᐄᐈᏢ 775 sharpen .........................................璕Ꮽᐩ 775 grind – ground – ground .................... 妼Ꮾ 775 flour ...................................................㶷聎帱 775 wheat ................................................... 㶷聎 776 harm ................................... «ᐰ㵛ᐩ뉰㵛 776 harmful .............................................䢱㵛ᐈ 776 harmless ............................................勉㵛ᐈ 776 creature .............................................囇Ꮻ向 777 iron ..................................ᐷᐹᒂᒈᐰᏩᏯᐩ 777 extreme .............................................䬝岗ᐈ 777 reduce ...............................................促ᐧ 777 likely ............................«ᐩ㖗报䇏Ꮺ粀Ꮲ 777 unlikely ............................... ᏠᐨᏻᏤᐠᐈᏢ 778 do someone a favour ......... ぢᐌ秤ᐝᐰ戆Ꮽ 778 That’s all right ............................䭳Ꮲᐜᏹᐱ 778 Not at all ............................. ᐇᏤ掜ᏵᐜᏵᐄ 778 It’s nothing ......................ヽᐅᐠᏠᐨᐜᏹᐱ 778 You’re welcome ................. ᐇᏤ掜ᏵᐜᏵᐄ 778 Don’t mention it ................ ᐇᏤ掜ᏵᐜᏵᐄ 778 No problem ...ヽᐅᐠᐈᏢᏳ뉰Ꮸ㴱ᏢᏲ囐 778 up .........................㴴㌐ᐉ뉝«ᏵᐄᏵᐜᏤ뉞 778 tear – tore – torn ..........................䂽Ꮻ橪Ꮽ 779 cheek ........................................................秔 779 cheeky ...........................................囇䊷䶿ᐈ 779 pile ..............................................寵ᐝ獵ᐋᐩ 779 one on top of the other .............禮ᐉ獵ᐋᐄ 779 heap ................................㸙寵ᐝᐉᏵᏽ呞䋳 780 point ..............................................㋰岗뉰剡 780 freeze – froze – frozen ........................ ㍵ᐩ 780 nought ................................................. ᑑᒂ 780 zero ...................................................... ᑑᒂ 780 Fahrenheit ............................................ 斗䶷 780 insect .................................................... 䞮栓 780 itch .....................................................Ꮹᐤᐝ 780 scratch ...........................................䂽ᐁᏩᏭ 780 scrape ...................Ᏹᐨ日ᐆ뉰䚎ᐨᐞᏭ 781 opposition ..............................㕵㶦憭뉰獶㌂ LESSON 140 782 the sooner ..., the better .............................. ..................................«ᐪᐎᐩᐙᐇᐦᏢ 782 responsible ...........湔ィᐰ䒩ᐂ뉰湔ィᏪᏠᐩ 782 council ...........................................㣘䝡洘ヂ 782 scream ................................ 㖓ᐑ㪘ᐰᏠᏰᐩ 782 fright .................................................... 䇸䆾 782 frighten .............................................䆾Ꮺᐩ 782 horror ............................................ᑰᑾᒑᐌ 783 mean ...............................Ꮿᐈ뉰䊷㣘䉒ᐈ 783 thoughtless ........................ 䇅ᏢᐢᐨᐌᐈᏢ 783 pale................................................磺Ᏼᐟᏽ 783 sickness ................................................. 坭䶿 784 light – lit – lit ............뉝刓ᐢ碣䶿ᐰ뉞ᐂᏯᐩ 784 candle ............................................ᐫᏤᏻᏭ 784 failure .........................................䛭硄뉰㫙䛿 784 upset .................................. 뉝殰団ᐈᐇᏪ뉞 .......................... ᐟᐉᐈᐩ뉰ᐐᐁᏭᐨ煼 784 feel upset ........................䶿㎮ᐰ㵛ᏵᐄᏢᐩ 784 terribly ...............................................ᐐᐇᏭ 785 wreck ..........................................䓓䑀Ᏻᏹᐩ 785 misfortune ............................................ ⾵燳 785 shipwreck ............................................. 碋姜 785 sale ....................................................... 㪚湟 785 for sale .............................㪚ᐨᐉ㎢Ᏽᏽᐠᐌ 785 sales .................................㪚ᐨ⾲Ᏸ뉰ᑐᒑᒀ 785 advertisement ...................................... 䀫㗲 785 commercial .............................ᑈᑳᒑᑌᑸᒀ 785 rival ................................................岞〱墠䏳 786 over ...............................................ᐦᐨ⾲ᐅ 786 basement ..........................................㣘⾳㵌 787 bargain ..........䕀ᐨ㎢Ᏽ向뉰㇌䵝ᐰが侱ᐩ 787 caution ..........................................洎㗲ᐩ 787 cautiously ......................................亐䊷侙Ꮽ 788 rapid ..................................................... 䇍ᐈ LESSON 141 789 deliver .............. 狵燼ᐩ뉰Ꭾ傼汔뉞ᐰᐩ 789 mail ....................................................犝ㅧ向 789 beforehand .......................................〳㏵ᐉ 789 critic ...................................................毽汾㵞 789 expect ............... 䤍ᐩᐌᐰ䄭ᐂ뉰䣇䄭ᐩ뉰 ....................................................«ᐆ䇅Ꮴ 789 rely on ........................................秤ᐨᐉᐩ 790 fast .............................................Ꮾᐁᐨᐆ 790 fasten ................................................很ᐟᐩ 790 porter ............................................ᑲᒑᑔᒑ 791 a fifty-minute lesson ..............��㎮眻ᐌ䔰䬕 791 a four-door car ................................�ᑞᐷ灲 791 jog ...................................... ᑍᑼᑃᒈᑅᐩ 791 overnight ....................................⾨㫄ᐉᏵᐄ 791 lifestyle ............................... ᑾᐹᑪᑎᑔᐹᒀ 792 mere ..................................................㔀ᐈᐩ 792 nuisance ........................................ᐍᏽ熟䉹 792 post ...............................................ᏭᏢ뉰戟 792 doorpost.....................................䏠㖋ᐌ㈜䦙 792 goal .............................ᑉᒑᒀᐽᑿᐷ뉰墖䯁 792 dig – dug – dug ............................«ᐰ䕀ᐩ 792 postage .........................................犝ㅧ䝁獹 793 naughty ......................................Ꮲᏽᏸᐧᐈ 793 punish................................................愘ᐩ 793 fold .............................................䑀ᐨᏽᏽᐞ 793 native.................................................䵵㢥ᐌ 793 treasure ................................................ 㵅向 793 receipt ...............................................秀㕶䢠 793 prove .............................................毤䞶ᐩ LESSON 142 795 excuse me ......... ᐥᐁᐆ㫙嫤뉰ᐝᐜᏹᐱ 795 I’m sorry ........... ᐝᐜᏹᐱ뉰ᏲᐟᐱᐈᏳᏢ 796 wealthy..............................................淲Ꮹᐈ 796 disaster ................................................. 別㵛 796 flood ..................................................... 仒䷜ 796 then ........ᏻᐌᐆᏫᐉ뉰ᏻᐌ䳉ᐉ뉰ᏻᐌ㧜㖰 796 urge ...................................................... ㅫ 797 affair .....................................................〳䥬 797 love affair ......................................䇳䋃睊ㅪ 798 charm ...................糭㑃뉰糼砌Ꮿ뉰糭〮ᐩ 798 charming .......................................糭㑃堬ᐈ 798 musical ...................................ᑴᑺᒑᑍᑀᒀ 798 snake .................................................... ᑭᑨ 798 snake charmer ...............................ᑭᑨㄧᏢ 798 instrument .................................㠐㌟뉰䬥㠐 799 latest ..................................................䢨䝘ᐌ 799 last ...................................... ㏵㢆ᐌ뉰䢨䄴ᐌ 799 last but one ...................... 䢨䄴Ꮹᐧ�園墖ᐌ 799 blackboard ........................................... 聺䤧 799 whiteboard ........................ ᑰᒄᐹᑝᑱᒑᑞ 799 chalk ..................................................... 堥㩐 799 eyebrow ............................................... 墱䶃 799 eyelash ..............................................ᐜᐂᏰ 799 eyelid .................................................ᐜᐔᏽ 799 lid .......................................................... ᐓᏽ 799 pan ....................................................... ᐈᐗ 800 favour ........ᏦᏱᐐᏢᏫᐩ뉰㬥犥㖰ᐉ㉵Ꮽ 800 yacht ..................................................ᑽᑘᑝ 800 hinder ................................................㭐Ᏸᐩ 800 clothe ................................. 樋䢵ᐰᏠᐄᏪᏤ 800 endless .......................................弞Ꮶ眻ᐈᏢ 800 bunch ................................................䤇뉰䏧 800 grape .................................................ᑫᑞᐻ 801 revolution ............................................. 礑㘥 LESSON 143 802 resist ..............................................䑝䐿ᐩ 802 resistance ............................................. 䑝䐿 803 substantial .........................................㓩㎮ᐈ 803 bacon ............................................ᑮᒑᑈᒈ 803 toast ..............................................ᑝᒑᑎᑝ 803 fry – fried – fried......乡ᐅ䖂Ᏸᐩ뉰Ꮲᏽᐟᐩ 803 approximate ..................................ᏨᏨᐦᏻ 803 course .........................................ᑈᒑᑎ䝁單 803 starter ............ᑈᒑᑎ䝁單ᐌ䢨㏅ᐉᐅᐩ䝁單 803 main course ................................ᑶᐹᒈ䝁單 803 dessert ...........................................ᑜᑋᒑᑝ 803 dine ............................................窇〳ᐰᐩ 804 marmalade .............................ᑳᒑᑳᒁᒑᑞ 804 jam.....................................................ᑍᑸᑵ 804 pear ...............................................欧亳ᑟᑌ 804 plum ...........................................欧亳ᑎᑷᑷ 804 the country .................................囘掶뉰㢥㵞 804 rejoice ................................. «ᐰ䅫Ꮹᐧ㝄ᐔ 804 victory ................................................... 㒅㏑ 804 shave ..........................................ᐐᏰᐰᏻᐩ 804 razor ..............................................Ꮹᐝᏻᐨ 804 heal....................................................... 乣ᐩ 805 live (v) ................................................囇Ꮻᐩ 805 live (adj) ....................囇ᏫᐄᏢᐩ뉰ᑾᐹᑫᐌ 805 musician ............................. ᑴᑺᒑᑍᑌᑸᒈ 805 mild ...........炥Ꮲ뉰寷ᐢᏩᐈ뉰㏢全ᐌ㶹ᐈᏢ 805 remark .................................................. 堢殨 805 look ...................................................秼ᐂᏫ 805 stormy .................................................. 㻸ᐌ 805 proof .................................................... 毤䞶 806 saying ............................................ᏱᐆᐭᏴ 806 trap ..................................ᑢᑏᑴ䓽ᐨ뉰ᐭᐈ 806 pot ...................................... 琊뉰瓳뉰ᑲᑘᑝ 806 cooking pot ................................䝁單囐侙瓳 806 flowerpot ..........................................䪵䣐琊 806 coffee pot ........................... ᑈᒑᑧᒑᑲᑘᑝ 806 teapot .....................................ᑛᐸᒑᑲᑘᑝ 806 in relation to ...............................«ᐉ睊Ᏽᐄ 806 relationship .......................................... 睊ㅪ 806 relative ..........................................墠㶦堬ᐈ 806 overweight ....................................㫒ᐨᏬ 807 at sea ...............................插伟⿕ᐅ뉰伟⾲ᐅ 807 by sea ................................................... 握ᐅ LESSON 144 809 go past .......................................燂ᐨᏬᐩ 809 nearby ........................................Ꮾ煹Ꮽᐌ 810 in season .............................................. 䞔ᐌ 810 out of season .............................㴋嵨㪾ᐪᐌ 810 thread .......................................................庠 810 needle ......................................................玅 810 sew ..................................忓Ꮴ뉰忓ᏢむᏯᐩ 810 compass .........................................ᑈᒈᑦᑎ 810 injection ............................................亐㶬ᐌ 810 agent ......................................ᐽᒑᑍᐼᒈᑝ 810 agency ...............................................る單䀿 811 title ..................................... 䢠㖵뉰ᑔᐹᑝᒀ 811 champion ...............................ᑖᑸᒈᑩᐿᒈ 811 boxer .............................................ᑱᑄᑊᒑ 811 enormous ...............................礆㿠ᐉ㫏Ꮻᐈ 811 belief .................................................... ㆉ 811 effort ..........................................㬖瞀뉰㑒㑃 811 stay in touch with ............... 燋弉ᐰ㕾ᐨ㖰Ꮴ 812 tolerate ..............................................憸Ꮶᐩ 812 go ahead ..................排㎮ᐌ䇅Ꮲ燂ᐨᐉᐩ 812 just the same ...................... ㌐Ꮽ㖴ᐦᏤᐉ 812 bath ...................................................... ㌍伜 812 bathe ......................................伜ᐑᐩ뉰亿Ꮴ 812 sunbathe ....................................䞍㋱伜ᐩ 813 cheat ..............ᑀᒈᑠᒈᑅᐩ뉰ᏢᏩᏳᐜ㿓 813 dip ..........................................ᐥᐁᐆ传 813 horizon ..............................................㣘䀛徂 813 horizontal ..........................................䷜䀛ᐈ 813 feed – fed – fed .........................窴ᐰ⾶Ꮶᐩ 814 hay .....................................................䀚Ᏽ擱 814 straw ..................................................... ᐭᐧ 814 stem ..........................................................撶 815 development ........................................ 眳堢 LESSON 145 816 preference ............................................ 㬥ᐝ 816 cuisine .................................................. 䝁單 816 style ...............................................ᑎᑔᐹᒀ 816 help yourself ............排㎮ᐅᐆᐁᐄ窇ᐗᐩ뉰 ................................................排囙ᐉ«ᐩ 816 can’t help .............«ᐉᐈᐩᐌᐍぽ䝡ᏪᐈᏢ 816 load .................................... 寵攟뉰橭㨓ᐩ 816 barrel .................................................... 琫灓 816 lead...........................................................球 816 rod .....................................................䩺뉰岧 817 voyage ................................ 뉝握ᐈᐇᐌ뉞䝭 817 space .................................................㴯㵁ᐌ 817 tour....................................................ᑙᐷᒑ 817 tourist ................................................䝭槴憭 817 pet .....................................................ᑯᑘᑝ 817 rabbit .................................................ᐻᑊᑃ 817 run on ............................................«ᐅ㑽Ꮽ 817 create .........................................䂽Ꮻ漟Ᏹ 818 situated ..................................ヵ愖ᏵᐄᏢᐩ 818 cloth ..................................................... 㾫㣘 818 convince .................................婢ㆉᏵᐄᏢᐩ 818 try ...........................................橩㏌ᐉᏩᏯᐩ 818 set free .......................................獰䛦Ᏻᐪᐩ 818 relieve ............炥促ᐩ뉰ィ㒁Ꮹᐧ残䛦ᐩ 818 relief ................................... 㢘屖憭䛹侰向湯 818 pill ......................................................... 瓈㐌 818 painkiller .......................................垃ᐝ䴊ᐟ 819 self .................................................䣔ぢ排灓 819 selfish ............... 排㎮ᐌᏱᐆᏵᏩ憫ᏦᐈᏢ뉰 ....................................................ᐭᏪᐜᐜᐈ 819 self-control ........................................... 排㏞ 819 control .............................䐹Ꮶᐩ뉰墋夋ᐩ 819 lie – lay – lain ................................䯒ᏽᐭᐩ 819 lie – lied – lied ............................ᏤᏻᐰᐂᏭ819 lay – laid – laid ................... 䯒ᏽᏦᐩ뉰愖Ꮽ 820 tight ............................................ᏵᐁᏩᐨᐆ 820 tight-fitting .................・ᐉᐒᐁᏽᐨᐆᏵᏽ 820 loose-fitting ...........................ᐤᐁᏽᐨᏵᏽ 820 airtight ..........................................㵮眱Ᏽᏽ 820 watertight ..............................䷜傷ᐪᏵᐈᏢ 820 container .............................................. 㵡㠐 820 aim........................................................ 咁Ꮲ 820 take aim..................................咁Ꮲᐰ㵂ᐟᐩ 821 damp .................................................倧ᐁᏽ 821 indeed ...............................................䣔䃻ᐉ 821 emphasis .......................................䃟汧ᐩ 821 jaw ........................................................ ᏠᏲ 821 ladder ................................................ᐍᏵᏲ 821 vertical ...............................................㤪墜ᐈ 822 admit ................ ㌍㧜ᐰ毙㖗Ᏻᐪᐩ뉰氵ᐟᐩ 822 take place ......................................槴ᐭᐪᐩ 822 punishment .......................................... ㎹愘 English–Polish Vocabulary Book Stage 9 English in a quarter of the time! STAGE 9 Polish vocabulary LESSON 127 697 social................................... towarzyski 697 edge ......................................krawędź, ....................... poruszać się stopniowo 697 little by little .........................po trochu 697 intend .................................. zamierzać 697 tin ....................................puszka, cyna 697 preserve......................... konserwować 697 aluminium .......................... aluminium 698 on average ...............................średnio 699 sympathy ..........................współczucie 700 reckon ................ sądzić, przypuszczać 700 airline .............................. linie lotnicze 700 horrible .................................. okropny 700 anxiety ..................... trwoga, niepokój 700 anxious ................pragnący coś zrobić, ............................................ zatroskany 700 possession ................. własność (rzecz) 701 entertain .............................. zabawiać 701 background ...................tło, przeszłość 701 apply ......................... składać podanie, ...........................................zastosować 701 highly .......................................wysoce 701 the Browns ........................Brownowie 702 ancient ................................starożytny 702 Egypt ........................................... Egipt 702 degree ..................................... stopień 702 angle ...............................................kąt 702 right angle ...........................kąt prosty 702 grade ..........................................ocena 702 centigrade ....................skala Celsjusza 702 somewhat ...................................nieco 702 at all ........................................ w ogóle 703 unity ........................................ jedność LESSON 128 704 confident ...................................pewny 704 now that ........................... teraz, skoro 705 agree about ..........................uzgodnić 705 agree that ................. zgodzić się, że... 705 agree to .........................zgodzić się na 705 agree with ...................zgadzać się z ... 705 take care ......... uważać, opiekować się 705 run over ..........przejechać (coś, kogoś) 705 care for ............................... przepadać 706 I dare say ...................Śmiem twierdzić 706 daring ......................śmiałość, odwaga 706 require .................................. wymagać 706 conserve ............................ oszczędzać 706 eager ...................................... ochoczy 706 rub ................................................trzeć 706 rub out ..................................wymazać 706 rubber .................. gumka do mazania 707 face ................. wychodzić na (o oknie) 707 face to face................. twarzą w twarz 707 god ................................................ bóg 707 thus ................................więc, takowo 708 economize ......................... oszczędzać 708 involve ............wiazać z, zaangażować 708 attack.................................... atakować 708 scarcely .................................. zaledwie 708 scarce ....................rzadki, ograniczony 709 impression .............................wrażenie 709 bury .....................zakopać, pogrzebać 709 cemetery .............................. cmentarz 709 anger ......................................... złościć 709 additional .......................... dodatkowy 709 insult (v) ....................................obrazić 709 insult (n) ................................... obraza 710 madness .............................szaleństwo LESSON 129 712 afraid of............. przestraszony czegoś 712 afraid that ................przestraszony, że 712 afraid to........ przestraszony coś zrobić 712 crash ..... katastrofa lotnicza, wypadek 712 whiskers ............................ wąsy (kota) 712 gap ................................... szpara, luka 712 fence .............................................. płot 712 hedge ................................... żywopłot 713 hall ........................................... hol/sala 713 entrance ...................................wejście 713 town hall ....................................ratusz 713 pool ............................... kałuża, basen 713 liquid ............................................ciecz 713 indoor .............................. wewnętrzny 713 outdoor .............................zewnętrzny 713 indoors ................................ wewnątrz 713 outdoors ...........................na zewnątrz 713 out of doors .....................na zewnątrz 714 knee ......................................... kolano 714 kneel – knelt – knelt ............. uklęknąć 714 late ................. poprzedni, św. pamięci 714 lately ....................................... ostatnio 714 match ............................... dopasować, ...................... godny przeciwnik, mecz 714 judo ........................................... dżudo 715 funeral ....................................pogrzeb 715 mystery .................................tajemnica 715 path .......................................... ścieżka 715 insure ................................ubezpieczyć 715 insurance ...................... ubezpieczenie 715 theft .......................................kradzieź 716 throne ...........................................tron 716 annoy ............................. denerwować 716 fly ...............................................mucha 716 fall asleep ..................................zasnąć 716 sore ............................................ bolący 716 design .............................. projektować LESSON 130 718 compound ............................... złożony 719 currency .................................... waluta 719 unit .......................................jednostka 719 penny ...........................................pens 719 pence ............................................pens 720 slow down ............................... zwolnić 720 speed up ...........................przyspieszyć 720 in addition to ........................... oprócz 720 forbid – forbade – forbidden .............. ................................................zabronić 720 peculiar ....................dziwny, osobliwy 720 peculiarity ..........................osobliwość 721 suffix .................................. przyrostek 721 either of them ......którykolwiek z nich 721 neither of them ............... żaden z nich 721 screw ...........................................śruba 721 screwdriver ...........................śrubokręt 722 maximum ...........................maksimum 722 minimum .............................. minimum 722 point ..................................sens, punkt 722 essay .............................................. esej 722 paragraph ................................. akapit 722 pad ...........................kłębek, wyścielać 722 cotton wool ..................................wata 722 absorb ................................. wchłaniać 722 reach out ....................................sięgać 723 scale ..............................................skala 723 corner ...................................... osaczyć LESSON 131 724 chance ....................................... szansa 724 by chance ...................... przypadkiem, ....................................... przypadkowo 725 take hold of ............ chwycić się czegoś 725 take by surprise .........zaskoczyć kogoś 725 take a look............................... zerknąć 725 second-hand ......................... używany 725 temptation ...............................pokusa 725 dishonest ............................nieuczciwy 725 view ............................................widok 725 hide – hid – hidden .........chować (się) 726 liar ............................................ kłamca 726 pay attention ......................... uważać, .................................... zwracać uwagę 726 detail ............................detal, szczegół 727 sweat ...................................... pocić się 727 nervous ...................... zdenerwowany 727 underneath ....... pod spodem, poniżej 727 unlike ...................................inaczej niż 727 wander ...........wędrować, spacerować 727 distinguish ............................ rozróżnić 727 a while ....................................... chwila LESSON 132 729 still ................................. jeszcze, wciąż 729 yet.......................................jeszcze, już 729 annoyance ............................... irytacja, .................................. zniecierpliwienie 730 according to ............................ według 730 in my opinion .............. moim zdaniem 730 band .................. banda, zespół, pasek 730 disturbance ........................ zakłócenie 730 military ................................ wojskowa 731 link ............................... powiąznie, link 731 browse................................przeglądać 731 carriage ........................wagon, karoca 731 invention ....................... wynalezienie, ............................................ wynalazek 731 explanation .................wytłumaczenie 732 about ...............o, na, dookoła, wokół, ............................ po całym (i tak dalej) 732 for days and days ......... całymi dniami, .................................................... długo 732 what about (you) ....co (ty) na to, a ty? 732 bitter ......................................... gorzki 732 dissatisfaction ........... niezadowolenie 733 neat ....................................... schludny 733 poverty .................................. ubóstwo 733 admire ................................. podziwiać 733 admiration............................... podziw 733 generous .....................................hojny LESSON 133 736 hitchhike ..................... jeździć stopem 736 dear ............................................. drogi 736 easy ............................ łatwy, wygodny 736 ease ........................łatwość, złagodzić 736 at ease ............................... swobodnie 736 ill at ease ............................... nieswojo 737 to be obliged .........być zobowiązanym 737 steal ............................................. kraść 737 rob ............................................. okraść 737 robbery ...................................kradzież 737 thief ......................................... złodziej 737 mask .......................................... maska 738 handle .....klamka, uchwyt, operować, ........................................obchodzić się 738 gentle ....................................delikatny 738 hand-in-hand ...................ręka w rękę 738 arm-in-arm ........................... pod rękę 738 custom ..................................... zwyczaj 738 girlfriend ...........................dziewczyna 738 boyfriend ................................chłopak 739 enable ............. umożliwić, upoważnić 739 instruction ............................ instrukcja 739 booklet ................................książeczka 739 tender..............................miękki, czuły 739 tough............................twardy, mocny 739 lovingly .......................czule, z miłością LESSON 134 741 in my view .........w moim przekonaniu 741 from my point of view ......... z mojego .................................. punktu widzenia 741 if you ask me .................. według mnie 741 as far as I’m concerned .......jak o mnie .................................................. chodzi 742 clockwise ............................zgodnie ze ...........................wskazówkami zegara 742 anticlockwise...................... odwrotnie ......................... do wskazówek zegara 742 symbol ...................................... symbol 742 @ = at ........................................ małpa 742 . = dot ....................................... kropka 742 inquire (or enquire)................ zapytać, ................................... dowiadywać się 742 inquiry (or enquiry) .............zapytanie, ........................................ dochodzenie 742 escape ..........................................uciec 742 prisoner ................................... więzień 743 regret ..................................... żałować 743 wipe........................................wycierać 743 forehead ...................................... czoło 743 towel ........................................ ręcznik 743 interest ..........................udział, interes 743 shares ..............................akcja (giełd.) 743 tidiness .......................... ład, porządek 744 preferable ..................................lepszy 744 largely .......................w dużym stopniu 744 quality ........................................jakość 745 may as well ....................................móc 745 might as well .................................móc 745 on account of ......... ze względu, przez 745 energetic ............................energiczny 745 breath ...................................... oddech 745 breathe ................................. oddychać 745 out of breath ..........................bez tchu 745 through .......................................przez 746 clothing .....................................odzież LESSON 135 748 to take into account ......................brać ........................................... pod uwagę 748 tip ........................ napiwek, koniuszek 748 make up your mind .... zdecydować się 748 delicate ..................................delikatny 748 observe ............................obserwować 748 observation ...................... obserwacja, ................................ spostrzegawczość 749 historic ............................... historyczny 749 paw ...............................................łapa 749 claw ............................................ pazur 749 wooden .............................. drewniany 749 hut ...............................................chata 749 woollen .................................wełniany 749 silken ....................................jedwabny 749 golden ..........................................złoty 750 every other day ............ co drugi dzień 750 assist .......................pomóc, asystować 750 assistant..............................ekspedient 750 pushchair ...................................wózek 750 otherwise ................ inaczej, poza tym 750 engaged ..................................... zajęty 750 perform ...........odegrać rolę, wykonać 750 trick ........................................sztuczka 750 performance...............przedstawienie 750 magic .................................... magiczny 751 envy .....................................zazdrościć 751 envious ................................ zazdrosny 751 celebrity.................................celebryta 751 fame ........................................... sława 751 advice (n) ..................................porada 751 advise (v) .................................... radzić 751 practice (n) ............................ praktyka 751 practise (v) .........ćwiczyć, praktykować 751 licence (n) .................................licencja 751 license (v)............. udzielić pozwolenia 751 record (n) ...................................rekord 751 record (v) ..............................nagrywać 752 scatter ....................rozrzucić, rozsypać 752 plant ...........................................sadzić 752 row ................................... szereg, rząd 752 disorderly ..............................bezładny 752 tap .................................. stukać, kurek 752 turn on .................................... włączyć 752 pollution ................... zanieczyszczenie 752 polluted ..................... zanieczyszczony LESSON 136 754 slight ........... drobny, lekki, nieznaczny 754 upside down ..............do góry nogami 754 right way up ..................... prawidłowe ............................................. położenie 755 feather ......................................... pióro 755 wear ................................. wycierać się 755 sleeve..........................................rękaw 755 mend .....................................naprawić 755 worn out .................. wytarty, wypruty 755 exhausted ....................... wykończony 755 qualification ..................... kwalifikacje 755 debt .............................................. dług 756 interrupt ................................przerwać 756 interruption ........przerwa, zakłócenie 756 if only …! ...........................gdyby tylko 756 act ..................... czyn, zachowywać się 756 capable ......................................zdolny 756 bar .....................sztaba, tabliczka, bar, .........................barykadować, zakazać 756 lock ...................... zamknąć na zamek, .............................zamek (w drzwiach) 757 cart ..............................wóz, furmanka 757 deceive ................ oszukiwać, zwodzić 757 complain ............ skarżyć się, narzekać 757 complaint .................pretensja, skarga 758 either side .................. obydwie strony 758 faint ...............................nikły, zemdleć 758 excitement ...................... podniecenie 758 fear ............................................. strach 759 happen to ..................... przypadkowo ........................................... (coś zrobić) 759 outwards ..........................na zewnątrz 759 inwards ........................... do wewnątrz 759 lean....................... oprzeć się, pochylić 759 beneath ....................................poniżej 759 give way .............................ustępować 759 mankind .................................ludzkość 759 mate ........................................ kumpel 760 zoo..................................................zoo 760 cage ............................................klatka 760 monkey ................małpa szerokonosa ...................................... i makakowata 760 ape .................. małpa człekokształtna 760 closely ......................................... blisko LESSON 137 761 it is not so .......................to nie jest tak .................................... (to nie prawda) 761 so, you have come! ................. no więc ......................................... przyszedłeś! 761 it so happens ..................tak się składa 761 I told you so ..................a nie mówiłem 761 just (exactly) ..........właśnie, dokładnie 761 melt ......................................... topnieć 761 have something to do with … ............. ......................mieć coś wspólnego z … 762 pick at ....................................... skubać 762 pick out .................................... wybrać 762 regard ...................................... uważać 762 regards .............pozdrowienia, ukłony 762 greet ............................................ witać 762 greetings .......................pozdrowienia 762 bye-bye .......................................pa pa 762 see you ......................... do zobaczenia 762 scent ......................................... zapach 762 give off .................................wydzielać 763 welcome ........................witaj, powitać 763 go right ................. układać się dobrze 763 temper...............opanowanie, nastrój, ....................................... usposobienie 763 lose one’s temper ......................stracić ........................... panowanie nad sobą 763 thoughtful ...........................zamyślony 763 go bad ................................. zepsuć się 763 by now................................do tej pory 764 warn .....................................ostrzegać 764 ahead .................................... z przodu 764 triangle ...................................... trójkąt 764 mercy ........................................... litość 764 desire ..................................pragnienie 764 ignore ................................. ignorować 765 upright .........................wyprostowany 765 lung .............................................płuco 765 organ .............................organ, narząd 765 seldom ...................................... rzadko 765 work out .............................. rozwiązać 765 confusion ..........................zmieszanie, ....................................... dezorientacja 765 electrical ............................elektryczne 766 advance .......... posuwać się do przodu 766 step by step ...................krok po kroku 766 progress ...........................postępować 766 in advance ..................................z góry 766 in arrears ....................................z dołu 766 cuff ......................................... mankiet 766 preparation .................przygotowanie 767 valley ......................................... dolina 767 injustice ..................niesprawiedliwość LESSON 138 768 bite – bit – bitten ........................ gryźć 768 bare ...............................................goły 768 weapon ........................................broń 768 barely ........................................ledwie 768 go back ..........................wracać (pójść) 768 come back .................. wracać (przyjść) 768 go in ............................................wejść 768 come in ........................................wejść 768 return ....................................... wracać 768 enter ............................................wejść 768 descend ........................ zejść, schodzić 768 overcome...................... przezwyciężyć 768 go down .................................schodzić 768 come down ............................schodzić 769 case ............................................ proces 769 barrister ..................adwokat, obrońca 770 (just) in case .......... na wypadek gdyby, .............................na wszelki wypadek 770 risk ............................................. ryzyko 770 run a risk..............podejmować ryzyko 770 excuse (v) .................. usprawiedliwiać, ..............................................wybaczać 770 excuse (n) ............................wymówka 771 waist ...................................... pas, talia 771 waistcoat ............................. kamizelka 771 fancy ............... fantazyjny, wykwintny, ................................ mieć ochotę, lubić 771 pint ..............................................pinta 771 gallon ......................................... galon 771 litre .................................................. litr 772 jealous ................................. zazdrosny 772 jealousy ................................. zazdrość 772 go out with ....................spotykać się z 772 fortune ..............fortuna, los, szczęście 772 fortunate ............. szczęśliwy, fortunny 772 international ........... międzynarodowy 772 mine ...................................... kopalnia 772 miner ......................................... górnik 772 tend ............................. mieć skłonność 773 content (n) .......................... zawartość 773 content (v or adj) ............zadowolony, ............................................ zadowalać 773 witness (v) ....................być świadkiem LESSON 139 775 rid ....................pozbyć się, uwolnić się 775 get rid of .............................pozbyć się 775 above all .................... ponad wszystko 775 sharp ............................................ostry 775 blunt ............................................. tępy 775 sharpen .................................... ostrzyć 775 grind – ground – ground .................... ..................................... szlifować, mleć 775 flour .............................................mąka 775 wheat .....................................pszenica 776 harm .....................krzywdzić, krzywda 776 harmful ................................szkodliwy 776 harmless ..........................nieszkodliwy 776 creature ...................stworzenie, istota 777 iron ....................................... prasować 777 extreme ............................ekstremalny 777 reduce ............................... redukować 777 likely ........................ prawdopodobny, ................................................ możliwy 777 unlikely ................ nieprawdopodobny 778 do someone a favour .................zrobić ..............................................przysługę 778 That’s all right ................ nie ma za co, .......................................... w porządku 778 Not at all ............................nic takiego, ..................................... proszę, bardzo 778 It’s nothing .........................nic takiego 778 You’re welcome ........... proszę bardzo 778 Don’t mention it .........nie wspominaj, ............................................... drobiazg 778 No problem ..............nie ma problemu 778 up ......................................................... 778 tear – tore – torn ........................drzeć 779 cheek ...................................... policzek 779 cheeky .................zuchwały, bezczelny 779 pile ....................................... stos, kupa 779 one on top of the other ............. jeden .............................................na drugim 779 heap .................................... stos, kupa 780 point ...........................................punkt 780 freeze – froze – frozen ........ zamarzać 780 nought ..........................................zero 780 zero ...............................................zero 780 Fahrenheit .......................... Fahrenheit 780 insect ...............................insekt, owad 780 itch .........................................swędzieć 780 scratch ................................. drapać się 780 scrape ..........................zdrapać, otrzeć 781 opposition ............................. opozycja LESSON 140 782 the sooner ..., the better ...................... ...................... im szybciej …, tym lepiej 782 responsible ................ odpowiedzialny 782 council .......................................... rada 782 scream ................krzyczeć, wrzeszczeć 782 fright .....................przerażenie, strach 782 frighten ..........przerażać, przestraszać 782 horror ........................................ horror 783 mean .............................skąpy, wredny 783 thoughtless ........................bezmyślny, .........................................nierozważny 783 pale .............................................blady 783 sickness ................................... choroba 784 light – lit – lit ........... zaświecić, zapalić 784 candle ........................................świeca 784 failure ...........awaria, klęska, niewypał 784 upset ........................dezorganizować, ................................przewrócić, wylać, .......................................... zmartwiony 784 feel upset ..........być zdenerwowanym 784 terribly ................................... strasznie 785 wreck ..................... popsuć, zrujnować 785 misfortune ........................ nieszczęście 785 shipwreck ............... katastrofa morska 785 sale ........................................ sprzedaż 785 for sale .............................. na sprzedaż 785 sales ...........................................obroty 785 advertisement ....................... reklama, ............................................ogłoszenie 785 commercial ........................reklamowy, ............................................. handlowy 785 rival ..............................................rywal 786 over ........................................... ponad 786 basement ................................ piwnica 787 bargain .....................okazja (cenowa), ......................................... targować się 787 caution .................................ostrzegać 787 cautiously ............................. ostrożnie 788 rapid .............................. szybki, wartki LESSON 141 789 deliver ................................ dostarczać 789 mail ............................................poczta 789 beforehand ..........................przedtem 789 critic ............................................krytyk 789 expect ....... spodziewać się, oczekiwać 789 rely on ................................polegać na 790 fast ........................................... mocno 790 fasten .....................umocować, zapiąć 790 porter ....................................... portier 791 a fifty-minute lesson ............................ ........... pięćdziedięciominutowa lekcja 791 a four-door car ....................samochód ................................... czterodrzwiowy 791 jog ....................................biegać, bieg 791 overnight ..............................przez noc 791 lifestyle .................................. styl życia 792 mere ....................... zwykły, zwyczajny 792 nuisance ................. utrapienie, kłopot 792 post ..................................filar, słupek, ............................. posada, stanowisko 792 doorpost ........................słup od drzwi 792 goal ...................................bramka, cel 792 dig – dug – dug .................... wykopać 792 postage .................... opłata pocztowa 793 naughty ............................ niegrzeczny 793 punish.......................................... karać 793 fold ...........................................składać 793 native....................................... ojczysty 793 treasure .......................................skarb 793 receipt .................................. rachunek 793 prove ................................. udowodnić LESSON 142 795 excuse me ........................przepraszam 795 I’m sorry ..........................przepraszam 796 wealthy ................................. zamożny 796 disaster ................................ katastrofa 796 flood ....................................... powódź 796 then .........................wtedy, następnie, .................................w takim wypadku 796 urge .....................................przekonać 797 affair ......................................... sprawa 797 love affair ................................ romans 798 charm ................urok,czar, oczarować 798 charming .................. uroczy, czarujący 798 musical .................................muzyczny 798 snake ............................................. wąż 798 snake charmer ............. zaklinacz węży 798 instrument .........................instrument 799 latest ...................... ostatni, najnowszy 799 last .............................................ostatni 799 last but one ..................... przedostatni 799 blackboard ................................ tablica 799 whiteboard ............................... tablica 799 chalk ........................................... kreda 799 eyebrow ...................................... brew 799 eyelash ........................................ rzęsa 799 eyelid ......................................powieka 799 lid ......................................... pokrywka 799 pan ............................................ rondel 800 favour ..............faworyzować, sprzyjać 800 yacht .............................................jacht 800 hinder ...................................utrudniać 800 clothe ............................. ubrać, odziać 800 endless ................................ bez końca 800 bunch ....................... grono, wiązanka 800 grape ................................. winogrono 801 revolution .............................rewolucja LESSON 143 802 resist ................................... opierać się 802 resistance .....................................opór 803 substantial ...............solidny, odżywczy 803 bacon ....................................... boczek 803 toast .............................................. tost 803 fry – fried – fried ..................... smażyć 803 approximate ......................przybliżony 803 course ......................................... danie 803 starter ................................ przystawka 803 main course ................... danie główne 803 dessert .........................................deser 803 dine ..................................... jeść obiad 804 marmalade ........................marmolada 804 jam...............................................dżem 804 pear .........................................gruszka 804 plum ...........................................śliwka 804 the country .................................naród 804 rejoice ............................... radować się 804 victory ................................zwycięstwo 804 shave .......................................golić się 804 razor ....................................... brzytwa 804 heal........................................ wyleczyć 805 live (v) ..............................................żyć 805 live (adj) ....................................... żywy 805 musician ....................................muzyk 805 mild ........................................ łagodny 805 remark .............. uwaga, spostrzeżenie 805 look ................................wyraz twarzy 805 stormy ....................................burzliwy 805 proof ........................................ dowód 806 saying ............................. powiedzenie 806 trap ......................................... pułapka 806 pot ......................................... naczynie 806 cooking pot .............................. garnek 806 flowerpot .............................. doniczka 806 coffee pot .............................. dzbanek 806 teapot .................................... dzbanek 806 in relation to .................w stosunku do 806 relationship ............................ związek 806 relative .................................względny 806 overweight .........................z nadwagą 807 at sea .................................... na morzu 807 by sea ...................................po morzu LESSON 144 809 go past ............................ przejść obok 809 nearby ..................................... pobliski 810 in season ............................. w sezonie 810 out of season ..................... po sezonie 810 thread .............................nić, nawlekać 810 needle ............................................igła 810 sew ................................................ szyć 810 compass ...................................kompas 810 injection ................................. zastrzyk 810 agent .......................................... agent 810 agency .....................................agencja 811 title ............................................... tytuł 811 champion ............................ zwycięzca 811 boxer .........................................bokser 811 enormous ..............................ogromny 811 belief ...........................................wiara 811 effort ........................................wysiłek 811 stay in touch with .............otrzymywać .............................................. kontakt z 812 tolerate ................................ tolerować 812 go ahead ........................... iść naprzód 812 just the same ..................... tak czy siak 812 bath ............................................ kąpiel 812 bathe ................ kąpać się, przemywać 812 sunbathe ..............................opalać się 813 cheat ....................... oszukiwać, oszust 813 dip ......................................... zanurzać 813 horizon ..................................horyzont 813 horizontal ...............................poziomy 813 feed – fed – fed ........................karmić 814 hay ............................................... siano 814 straw ........................................... słoma 814 stem .......................................... łodyga 815 development ............................ rozwój LESSON 145 816 preference ........................upodobanie 816 cuisine .....................................kuchnia 816 style ................................................ styl 816 help yourself ............. poczęstować się 816 can’t help ......... nie móc powstrzymać 816 load .........................ładunek, ładować 816 barrel ............................................. lufa 816 lead ............................................. ołów 816 rod .................................................pręt 817 voyage ......................................podróż 817 space .............przestrzeń (kosmiczna), ................................................. kosmos 817 tour...................................... wycieczka 817 tourist ....................................... turysta 817 pet ........................... zwierzę domowe 817 rabbit ...........................................królik 817 run on .................................. działać na 817 create ................................. wytwarzać 818 situated ........................ zlokalizowane 818 cloth ....................................... materiał 818 convince ..............................przekonać 818 try ............................................... sądzić 818 set free ....................................uwolnić 818 relieve ............................ ulżyć, zwolnić 818 relief ............................................. ulga 818 pill ............................. pigułka, tabletka 818 painkiller .........środek przeciwbólowy 819 self ................................jaźń, własne ja 819 selfish .................................samolubny 819 self-control ....................samokontrola 819 control ............................. kontrolować 819 lie – lay – lain ...............................leżeć 819 lie – lied – lied .......................... kłamać 819 lay – laid – laid ........................ położyć 820 tight ............................... obcisły, ciasny 820 tight-fitting ...............................obcisły 820 loose-fitting ................................ luźny 820 airtight ............................hermetyczny 820 watertight .....................wodoszczelny 820 container ................................ zbiornik820 aim.................................... cel, celować 820 take aim.............................. nacelować 821 damp ..................................... wilgotny 821 indeed ........... rzeczywiście, naprawdę 821 emphasis .............nacisk, podkreślenie 821 jaw ........................................... szczęka 821 ladder ...................................... drabina 821 vertical ................................... pionowy 822 admit .............wpuszczać, przyznać się 822 take place ........................ mieć miejsce 822 punishment ...................................kara English–Portuguese Vocabulary Book Stage 9 English in a quarter of the time! STAGE 9 Portuguese vocabulary LESSON 127 697 social............................................social 697 edge ...................................... beirada / ....................... mover cuidadosamente 697 little by little ................ pouco a pouco 697 intend .................................. pretender 697 tin ...................................................lata 697 preserve............. preservar (conservar) 697 aluminium ............................. alumínio 698 on average .......................... em média 699 sympathy ............................compaixão 700 reckon .................................considerar 700 airline ...................... companhia aérea 700 horrible ................................... horrível 700 anxiety .................................ansiedade 700 anxious .................................... ansioso 700 possession .................................. posse 701 entertain ................................ entreter 701 background ............. fundo / formação 701 apply .........................inscrever / aplicar 701 highly ..................................altamente 701 the Browns ................. a família brown 702 ancient ......................................antigo 702 Egypt ........................................... Egito 702 degree .......................................... grau 702 angle ........................................ ângulo 702 right angle ....................... ângulo reto 702 grade ............................................ nota 702 centigrade ........................ centígrados 702 somewhat ................de alguma forma 702 at all .................de maneira nenhuma / .................................... absolutamente 703 unity ....................................... unidade LESSON 128 704 confident .............................. confiante 704 now that ..............................agora que 705 agree about .............. concordar sobre 705 agree that .................... concordar que 705 agree to ............................ concordar a 705 agree with ................... concordar com 705 take care .......................tomar cuidado 705 run over .................................atropelar 705 care for ................................. ligar para 706 I dare say ........................Eu ouso dizer 706 daring .......................................ousado 706 require ................................... requerer 706 conserve ............................... conservar 706 eager ....................................... ansioso 706 rub .......................................... esfregar 706 rub out ..................................... apagar 706 rubber ................................... borracha 707 face .............................. fica de frente à 707 face to face......................... face a face 707 god ...............................................Deus 707 thus .................deste modo / portanto 708 economize ........................ economizar 708 involve .................envolver / envolvido 708 attack..........................................atacar 708 scarcely .......................... escassamente 708 scarce ........................................escasso 709 impression ........................... impressão 709 bury ........................................ enterrar 709 cemetery .............................. cemitério 709 anger ....................................enfurecer 709 additional ..............................adicional 709 insult (v) ....................................insultar 709 insult (n) ....................................insulto 710 madness .................................. loucura LESSON 129 712 afraid of................................. medo de 712 afraid that ........................... medo que 712 afraid to................................. medo de 712 crash ...........................................colidir 712 whiskers ......................bigode de gato 712 gap ................. vão (buraco) / intervalo 712 fence ......................... cerca de madeira 712 hedge ........................ cerca de plantas 713 hall ............................................... salão 713 entrance ..................................entrada 713 town hall ............................. prefeitura 713 pool ................................poça / piscina 713 liquid ........................................ líquido 713 indoor .......................................interno 713 outdoor ...................................externo 713 indoors .........................dentro de casa 713 outdoors ...............................ao ar livre 713 out of doors ..................... fora de casa 714 knee .......................................... joelho 714 kneel – knelt – knelt .............. ajoelhar 714 late ............................ último / falecido 714 lately ..............................recentemente 714 match ................ combinar / equiparar ........................... / partida de (esporte) 714 judo .............................................. judô 715 funeral ...................................... funeral 715 mystery ................................... mistério 715 path ........................................caminho 715 insure ............... segurar (fazer seguro) 715 insurance .................................. seguro 715 theft ...........................................roubo 716 throne .........................................trono 716 annoy ..........................................irritar 716 fly ............................................... mosca 716 fall asleep ...........................adormecer 716 sore .........................................dolorido 716 design (v) ......................desenhar, criar LESSON 130 718 compound ........................... composto 719 currency .................................... moeda 719 unit ......................................... unidade 719 penny ....................... moeda de 1 pêni 719 pence ............................. plural de pêni 720 slow down ......................... desacelerar 720 speed up ..................................acelerar 720 in addition to ..........................além de 720 forbid – forbade – forbidden .............. ...................................................proibir 720 peculiar ................ peculiar / particular 720 peculiarity ..................... peculiaridade 721 suffix ..........................................sufixo 721 either of them ....... qualquer um deles 721 neither of them .............nenhum deles 721 screw ....................parafuso, parafusar 721 screwdriver ..................chave de fenda 722 maximum ................................máximo 722 minimum ................................. mínimo 722 point .............................razão (motivo) 722 essay .......................................... ensaio 722 paragraph ........................... parágrafo 722 pad ................. almofada / acolchoado 722 cotton wool ............................ algodão 722 absorb ................................... absorver 722 reach out ................................ alcançar 723 scale ............................................escala 723 corner ...........encurralar / encurralado LESSON 131 724 chance ...................................... chance 724 by chance ............................. por acaso 725 take hold of ..............................agarrar 725 take by surprise ...... pegar de surpresa 725 take a look................................... olhar 725 second-hand .................segunda-mão 725 temptation ............................ tentação 725 dishonest .............................desonesto 725 view .............................................. vista 725 hide – hid – hidden ..............esconder 726 liar ....................................... mentiroso 726 pay attention ............. prestar atenção 726 detail ....................................... detalhe 727 sweat .................................. suar (suor) 727 nervous ...................................nervoso 727 underneath .......................embaixo de 727 unlike ................................ao contrário 727 wander .................. andar sem destino 727 distinguish ............................ distinguir 727 a while ..................... por pouco tempo LESSON 132 729 still .............................................. ainda 729 yet............................................... ainda 729 annoyance ................... aborrecimento 730 according to .................de acordo com 730 in my opinion ..........na minha opinião 730 band ...................banda / faixa / grupo 730 disturbance ........................... distúrbio 730 military ...................................... militar 731 link ................................. conexão / link 731 browse........................ procurar / olhar 731 carriage ..................... vagão / carroça / ............................................ transporte 731 invention ............................... invenção 731 explanation .........................explicação 732 about ......... próximo de / a respeito de 732 for days and days ......... por dias e dias 732 what about (you) ...... o que você acha 732 bitter .......................................amargo 732 dissatisfaction ...................insatisfação 733 neat ..................................... arrumado 733 poverty ................................... pobreza 733 admire .....................................admirar 733 admiration...........................admiração 733 generous .............................. generoso LESSON 133 736 hitchhike ......................... pedir carona 736 dear ...............caro (querido, precioso) 736 easy ......................... fácil (confortável) 736 ease ......................... facilidade / aliviar 736 at ease ............................... confortável 736 ill at ease ......................desconfortável 737 to be obliged ................ ser obrigado a 737 steal ...........................................roubar 737 rob .............................................roubar 737 robbery .......................................roubo 737 thief ........................................... ladrão 737 mask ....................................... máscara 738 handle .................puxador / manusear 738 gentle ........................... suave / amável 738 hand-in-hand ............. de mãos dadas 738 arm-in-arm ............... de braços dados 738 custom ....................................costume 738 girlfriend .............................namorada 738 boyfriend ............................namorado 739 enable ................................ possibilitar 739 instruction .............................instrução 739 booklet .....................................folheto 739 tender........................ macio / delicado 739 tough............................................duro 739 lovingly ........................amorosamente LESSON 134 741 in my view .......no meu ponto de vista 741 from my point of view ............ do meu ...................................... ponto de vista 741 if you ask me ......................se você me ............................................. perguntar 741 as far as I’m concerned ........ na minha ................................................ opinião 742 clockwise .....................sentido horário 742 anticlockwise....................anti-horário 742 symbol .....................................símbolo 742 @ = at .........................................arroba 742 . = dot .........................................ponto 742 inquire (or enquire).............consultar / ............................................ perguntar 742 inquiry (or enquiry) .............. consulta / ..........................................averiguação 742 escape ..................................... escapar 742 prisoner .............................. prisioneiro 743 regret ........................... arrepender-se 743 wipe............................................. secar 743 forehead .......................................testa 743 towel ......................................... toalha 743 interest ....................... juros / interesse 743 shares ..........................................ações 743 tidiness ............................... arrumação 744 preferable ............................ preferível 744 largely ..............................amplamente 744 quality ................................. qualidade 745 may as well ................ sim, porque não 745 might as well ............. sim, porque não 745 on account of .................. por causa de 745 energetic ............................ energético 745 breath .................................. respiração 745 breathe .................................... respirar 745 out of breath ......................sem fôlego 745 through .......................... por, devido a 746 clothing .................. roupa, vestimenta LESSON 135 748 to take into account ............... levar em ....................................... consideração 748 tip .........................gorjeta, dica, ponta 748 make up your mind ..............decida-se 748 delicate ...................................delicado 748 observe ...................................observar 748 observation ....................... observação 749 historic ....................................histórico 749 paw .............................................. pata 749 claw ............................................. garra 749 wooden ............................. de madeira 749 hut ............................................cabana 749 woollen ........................................de lã 749 silken ....................................... de seda 749 golden .................... dourado / de ouro 750 every other day .......... dia sim, dia não 750 assist .........................................auxiliar 750 assistant................................assistente 750 pushchair ..................carrinho de bêbe 750 otherwise ......... caso contrário / senão 750 engaged ................................ ocupado 750 perform .............................representar 750 performance ...........................atuação 750 trick ...........................................truque 750 magic ........................................mágico 751 envy ...........................................invejar 751 envious ................................... invejoso 751 celebrity............................ celebridade 751 fame ............................................ fama 751 advice (n) ............................... conselho 751 advise (v) ............................aconselhar 751 practice (n) ................................prática 751 practise (v) ............................... praticar 751 licence (n) ..................................licença 751 license (v)................................ licenciar 751 record (n) .......................registro, disco 751 record (v) ................................... gravar 752 scatter .....................................espalhar 752plant .........................................plantar 752 row ............................................. fileira 752 disorderly ............ desordenadamente 752 tap ................................ bater, torneira 752 turn on .........................................abrir 752 pollution .................................poluição 752 polluted ................................... poluído LESSON 136 754 slight .............................................. leve 754 upside down .............de ponta cabeça 754 right way up ........................ jeito certo 755 feather ......................................... pena 755 wear .................................. usar, gastar 755 sleeve........................................ manga 755 mend .................................... consertar 755 worn out ..................... gasto / exausto 755 exhausted ...............................exausto 755 qualification ..................... qualificação 755 debt ...........................................débito 756 interrupt ...........................interromper 756 interruption ......................interrupção 756 if only …! ...................Desejo enfático! 756 act ................................................. ação 756 capable ....................................... capaz 756 bar ...................................barra, barrar 756 lock ........................................... trancar 757 cart ...........................................carroça 757 deceive ...................................enganar 757 complain ............................... reclamar 757 complaint .......................... reclamação 758 either side ...................ambos os lados 758 faint ............................. leve / desmaiar 758 excitement ........................... excitação 758 fear ............................................. medo 759 happen to .......................acontecer de 759 outwards ...............................para fora 759 inwards ............................. para dentro 759 lean............................. apoiar / inclinar 759 beneath .....................................abaixo 759 give way ......................................ceder 759 mankind ......................... raça humana 759 mate ...............................companheiro 760 zoo........................................zoológico 760 cage ..............................................jaula 760 monkey ................................... macaco 760 ape .......................................... macaco 760 closely ... proximamente, intimamente LESSON 137 761 it is not so ..................... não é verdade 761 so, you have come! .........................ah, ...................................então você veio! 761 it so happens .............por coincidência 761 I told you so .........................eu te disse 761 just (exactly) ..................... exatamente 761 melt ........................................ derreter 761 have something to do with … ............. .................................. tem haver com... 762 pick at ............................pegar (pinçar) 762 pick out .................................. escolher 762 regard ..................................considerar 762 regards ......................... cumprimentos 762 greet ..........................................saudar 762 greetings .............................saudações 762 bye-bye ...................................... tchau 762 see you ................................... até mais 762 scent ......................... cheiro (perfume) 762 give off .......................................exalar 763 welcome ................................. de nada 763 go right .................................dar certo 763 temper......................... temperamento 763 lose one’s temper ..................perder a .............................................. paciência 763 thoughtful ............................pensativo 763 go bad ................................ dar errado 763 by now.................................. até agora 764 warn ........................... prevenir / avisar 764 ahead ......................................a frente 764 triangle ..................................triângulo 764 mercy ...................................... piedade 764 desire .......................... desejar / desejo 764 ignore .......................................ignorar 765 upright ........................................ereto 765 lung ......................................... pulmão 765 organ ..........................................órgão 765 seldom .................................raramente 765 work out ..................................resolver 765 confusion ..............................confusão 765 electrical .................................. elétrico 766 advance ................................... avançar 766 step by step ................... passo a passo 766 progress ............................... progredir 766 in advance ...........................adiantado 766 in arrears ............................... atrasado 766 cuff ............................................punho 766 preparation ....................... preparação 767 valley ............................................. vale 767 injustice .................................. injustiça LESSON 138 768 bite – bit – bitten .....................morder 768 bare .................................... nu / básico 768 weapon ....................................... arma 768 weapon ....................................... arma 768 go back ................................ ir de volta 768 come back ..........................vir de volta 768 go in ...........................................entrar 768 come in .......................................entrar 768 return ......................................... voltar 768 enter ...........................................entrar 768 descend ..................................... descer 768 overcome................................. superar 768 go down .................................... descer 768 come down ............................... descer 769 case ................................................caso 769 barrister ............................... advogado 770 (just) in case .......................apenas se... 770 risk ................................................ risco 770 run a risk.............................correr risco 770 excuse (v) ..............................desculpar 770 excuse (n) .............................. desculpa 771 waist ......................................... cintura 771 waistcoat ....................................colete 771 fancy ................ extravagante / desejar 771 pint .................................... 0.5679 litro 771 gallon ......................................... galão 771 litre ................................................ litro 772 jealous .................................. ciumento 772 jealousy ......................................ciúme 772 go out with ............................ sair com 772 fortune .................................... fortuna 772 fortunate ............................. fortunado 772 international .................. internacional 772 mine .............................................mina 772 miner ....................................... mineiro 772 tend ...........................................tender 773 content (n) ........................... conteúdo 773 content (v or adj) ...............contentar / ............................................... contente 773 witness (v) .......................testemunhar LESSON 139 775 rid ............................................livrar-se 775 get rid of .................................livrar-se 775 above all ....................... acima de tudo 775 sharp ......................................... afiado 775 blunt ...................................cego (faca) 775 sharpen ......................... amolar (afiar) 775 grind– ground – ground ........... moer 775 flour ..........................................farinha 775 wheat ...........................................trigo 776 harm .....................................machucar 776 harmful .....................................nocivo 776 harmless ..............................inofensivo 776 creature ................................... criatura 777 iron ......................passar à ferro / ferro 777 extreme ..................................extremo 777 reduce ...................................... reduzir 777 likely .......................................provável 777 unlikely ...............................improvável 778 do someone a favour .................. fazer ...............................um favor à alguém 778 That’s all right ......................tudo bem 778 Not at all ....................... não ha de que 778 It’s nothing ........................ não é nada 778 You’re welcome ..................... de nada 778 Don’t mention it .......não se preocupe 778 No problem .................. sem problema 778 up ...............................completamente 778 tear – tore – torn ...................... rasgar 779 cheek ....................................bochecha 779 cheeky .................................... atrevido 779 pile .............................. empilhar / pilha 779 one on top of the other ........... um em .......................................cima do outro 779 heap .............................................pilha 780 point .............................. ponto / ponta 780 freeze – froze – frozen ......... congelar 780 nought ......................................... nulo 780 zero ...............................................zero 780 Fahrenheit .......................... Fahrenheit 780 insect ..........................................inseto 780 itch ............................................ coceira 780 scratch ......................................... coçar 780 scrape ........................................ raspar 781 opposition ............................. oposição LESSON 140 782 the sooner ..., the better .............. mais ................................. rápido...., melhor 782 responsible ....................... responsável 782 council ................................. prefeitura 782 scream .........................................gritar 782 fright ........................................... susto 782 frighten ...................................assustar 782 horror ........................................ horror 783 mean ................ mesquinho / malvado 783 thoughtless .............sem consideração 783 pale ........................................... pálido 783 sickness .....................................doença 784 light – lit – lit .......................... acender 784 candle ............................................ vela 784 failure .......................... falha / fracasso 784 upset ......................... prejudicar / virar 784 feel upset .............. sentir-se chateado 784 terribly .............. terrivelmente (muito) 785 wreck .....................destruir / destroços 785 misfortune .....................................azar 785 shipwreck .............................naufrágio 785 sale .............................................venda 785 for sale .....................................à venda 785 sales .......................................... vendas 785 advertisement .........................anúncio 785 commercial ........................... comercial 785 rival ................................................rival 786 over ......................................... mais de 786 basement ...................................porão 787 bargain ................barganha / negociar 787 caution ....................................advertir 787 cautiously .................. cautelosamente 788 rapid .......................................... rápido LESSON 141 789 deliver .................entregar / transmitir 789 mail ........................... correspondência 789 beforehand .................... de ante-mão 789 critic ............................................crítico 789 expect ...................................... esperar 789 rely on ................................ confiar em 790 fast .............................completamente 790 fasten ........................................ fechar 790 porter ..................................... porteiro 791 a fifty-minute lesson ................aula de ............................................50 minutos 791 a four-door car ......... carro de 4 portas 791 jog ................................correr / corrida 791 overnight ...............da noite para o dia 791 lifestyle ........................... estilo de vida 792 mere ............................................ mero 792 nuisance ...................... aborrecimento 792 post .............................. posto / correio 792 doorpost .................................batente 792 goal ................................ gol / objetivo 792 dig – dug – dug .......................... cavar 792 postage ............................... postagem 793 naughty ......................... desobediente 793 punish.......................................... punir 793 fold ............................................dobrar 793 native......................................... nativo 793 treasure ................................... tesouro 793 receipt ........................................recibo 793 prove ......................................... provar LESSON 142 795 excuse me ........................desculpe-me 795 I’m sorry ..........................desculpe-me 796 wealthy ..........................................rico 796 disaster ................................... desastre 796 flood ..................................... enchente 796 then ...................... então (em seguida, ............................................neste caso) 796 urge ....................................... pesuadir 797 affair ..............................................caso 797 love affair ...................... caso amoroso 798 charm .................................... encantar 798 charming ........ encantador / charmoso 798 musical .....................................musical 798 snake ...........................................cobra 798 snake charmer ...................encantador ................................................de cobra 798 instrument ...................... instrumento 799 latest ................................mais recente 799 last ............................................. último 799 last but one .........................penúltimo 799 blackboard .................................. lousa 799 whiteboard ..................... lousa branca 799 chalk ................................................giz 799 eyebrow ...........................sobrancelha 799 eyelash .......................................... cílio 799 eyelid ..................................... pálpebra 799 lid ............................................... tampa 799 pan ........................................... panela 800 favour ................................... favorecer 800 yacht ...............................................iate 800 hinder ...................................... impedir 800 clothe ..................................... vestir-se 800 endless ....................................sem fim 800 bunch ......................cacho / ramalhete 800 grape ..............................................uva 801 revolution .............................revolução LESSON 143 802 resist .......................................... resistir 802 resistance ............................resistência 803 substantial ..........................substancial 803 bacon .........................................bacon 803 toast ........................................ torrada 803 fry – fried – fried .........................fritar
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Confronting Shame -- Ilse Sand -- 2022 -- b28a8773d2765ba65ae06c0d15b6fc09 -- Annas Archive- teleaula 2 pesquisa
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- Simulados das avaliações_ Revisão da tentativa 8
- Simulados das avaliações_ Revisão da tentativa 6
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- Estética e Crítica da Arte 1
- APOSTILA DUOLINGO 1 EDIÇÃO - Resumo
- Qual das seguintes opções é um recurso valioso mencionado no texto para ajudar no desenvolvimento de habilidades específicas? Questão 13Resposta a. Ev
- Como o texto define o pensamento crítico? Questão 10Resposta a. A habilidade de analisar informações de forma objetiva, avaliando a veracidade, relevâ
- Que tipo de habilidades podem ser desenvolvidas por meio de projetos em grupo, jogos de simulação e outras atividades na escola? Questão 9Resposta a.
- Quais são algumas estratégias que pessoas com altas habilidades/superdotação podem usar para lidar com o estresse e a pressão das altas expectativas?
- São ações de gestão da clínica que podem melhorar o cuidado ofertado à puérpera e ao bebê e podem, inclusive, diminuir a sobrecarga do cuidado para...
- A BNCC recomenda que o ensino em ciências da natureza utilize abordagens de ensino investigativas. Assim, a pesquisa em sala de aula caracteriza uma d
- Cruzeiro do Sul Virtual as provas EAD de engenharia civil são online?
- Questão 6: Quanto ao princípio da Variabilidade, é correto afirmar que: permite‐se que as partes regulamentem suas relações econômicas fazendo combina
- No processo de envelhecimento, a pessoa idosa busca: Opções da pergunta 9: a) Se preocupar com os problemas familiares b) Capacitação profi...
- O processo de adoção é gratuito e deve ser iniciado na Vara de Infância e Juventude mais próxima. Mas, para isso ocorrer, é necessário preencher algun
- Qual dos seguintes desafios é comum em Business Intelligence? Questão 16Escolha uma opção: a. Integração de sistemas legados. b. Desenvolvimento de no
- Qual a principal diferença entre um stakeholder com "alto poder" e "alto interesse" e um com "alto poder" e "baixo interesse" em uma matriz de poder/i
- Marque qual é o processos judiciais em que o corretor de imóveis habilitado com o CNAI não pode ser convocado:
- 21SHORTANSWERSTOINTERVIEWQUESTIONS_Tracked
- escala trabalho
