gerund or present participle

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GERUND OR PRESENT PARTICIPLE
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 To be (past) + verb (+ ing form = present participle)
 To be (present) + verb (+ ing form = present participle)
CONTINUOUS OR PROGRESSIVE TENSES
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Idade = verbo to be. Ex: Bob is 25 years old.
Altura = verbo to be. Ex. I’m 5,3 feet tall. (± 1,60m)
 
Verbs that have the same meaning as be: appear, feel, look, seem, smell, sound, taste
I am hungry – Not *I have hunger*.
It’s cold – Not * It makes cold*.
Jade Barbosa lost her mother when she _____ just nine years old. At thirteen she had to leave her father and brother in Rio to train at the Curitiba training center. 
 
Complete the text with the missing verb.
a) was
b) got
c) had
d) made
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-ING FORM
 
 subject – Sleeping is good for health.
Gerund = Noun
 object – John enjoys gambling.
 complement – My favorite activity is reading.
Adjective – There was an interesting film on TV last night. 
Lembrete: Adjetivo não é gerúndio
Present Participle – Mike was teaching English.
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	admit
avoid
detest
consider
delay
deny
enjoy	imagine
keep
mind
miss
postpone
practice
finish	put off
quit
recommend
risk
suggest
dislike
 
Após preposições
 They save time by putting sellers in touch with buyers.
Após certos verbos I avoid going to soccer games. 
USE OF GERUND
Stop no sentido de parar definitivamente
I stopped smoking.
Stop no de sentido de parar para fazer outra coisa
I stopped to smoke.
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	begin continue hate = not stand = not bear intend like love mention prefer start 
	afford
agree
appear
arrange
decide
expect
fail
happen	hope
learn (how)
manage
mean = intend
offer
pay
plan
 	pretend
promise
refuse
seem
threaten
want
would like
Após alguns verbos usa-se o infinitivo com “to” I hope to win the lottery.
Após os verbos a seguir pode-se usar o verbo no infinitivo com “to” ou no –ing sem alteração de significado 
I love to eat I love eating.
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Being able to work well with people from other cultures, both outside and inside your own country is important for careers success. Certain underlying factors create problems in developing smooth cross-cultural relations. Ethnocentrism leads to misunderstandings. Paying attention to intergroup factors rather than individual factors leads to problems. Understanding and appreciating intercultural differences promotes clearer communication
This interesting usage shows the return of a word – ‘wireless’. Informally, we can also say that people are ‘wired up’ when they are fully aware of what is happening in their surroundings. 
Peppermint could help alleviate symptoms of IBS (irritable bowel syndrome) by reducing abdominal pain, gas and diarrhea. Peppermint is also appreciated for the soothing effect it has in treating headaches, migraines, skin irritations, nausea, and menstrual cramps.
This interesting usage shows the return of a word that everybody thought had gone completely out of date – ‘wireless’. Informally, we can also say that people are ‘wired up’ when they are fully aware of what is happening in their surroundings. 
Liking to read is a calling, like painting, making music or playing soccer. 
According to the Princeton University study, having a spiritual life is the most important factor in the pursuit of happiness. Going to church helps people to make new friends and deal better with day-to-day problems.
Cherries may prove more effective than aspirin in relieving pain… and they were ten times more powerful at inhibiting inflammatory enzymes as aspirin. Nair is experimenting with the idea of converting the anthocyanins into a tablet form. 
After surviving the tsunami in Aceh, Zahrul Fuadi was then caught up in the disaster in Japan, making him perhaps unique in surviving two of the biggest tsunamis in recent history. 
It is not very common for a person to be hit by lightning ... 
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Doing things
Evan: Hey, Chloe. What are you doing?
Chloe: I’m drawing a picture for the story I wrote in school today.
Evan: Oh, yeah! Terrific. Can I see it? It’s very pretty. I like the colors.
Chloe: Thanks, Dad.
Evan: Chloe, go look in the kitchen. Is Mom _______ coffee?
Chloe: Uh, no, Daddy, she’s still ______ the dishes.
Evan: Oh. I guess I can wait a few minutes. I have to make a call.
Chloe: Are you calling Grandma?
Evan: No. It’s a business call.
Fill in the blanks with the correct verbs, respectively
a) making / making
b) making / doing
c) doing / making
d) doing / doing
  
The verb tense underlined in the text is
a) simple past.
b) simple present.
c) present perfect.
d) present continuous.
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Which alternative, extracted from the text, does not present a gerund form?
a) Before being hit by the earthquake…
b) …responsible for the Haitian’s suffering.
c) …until the beginning of the 20th century…
d) …over half are living below the level of extreme povert…
“Helicopters were swarming everywhere in that country,” he said.
The –ing form in “Helicopters were swarming…” is being used in the same way as in
a) Carter admits feeling nervous […]
b) Soon after arriving at the base, […]
c) […] when he first found out he was deploying to Iraq […]
d) Carter said his Sather tour has been extremely rewarding […]
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Ancient mummies unearthed in Egypt after more than 2,600 years
A sealed door was also unearthed where it is expected more mummies may lie behind, said Khaled el-Anany the first Minister of Antiquities and Tourism, adding that the artifacts were in an excellent state of preservation and would be displayed in the Grand Egyptian museum next year. 
The negative form of the underlined sentence is:
a) Were the artifacts in an excellent state of preservation.
b) The artifacts won’t be in an excellent state of preservation.
c) The artifacts were not in an excellent state of preservation.
d) The artifacts wouldn’t be in an excellent state of preservation.
Choose the best alternative to complete the blank. 
“I know Kelly _______ in the office at this moment.”
a) work
b) is working
c) has worked
d) were working
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My friend’s mother is sick, but she avoids _______ to the doctor.
a) goes
b) to go
c) going
d) not to go
WAITER: Are you ready to order? 
CLIENT: Would you mind _____ me the menu? 
a) to bring 
b) brought 
c) bringing 
d) not bring 
Doctors suggest not _________ much fat and sugar. Patients suffering from cardiopulmonary diseases also should not avoid ______ to the doctor.
a) to eat – to go
b) eating – go
c) to eat – going
d) eating – going
In “I enjoy dancing every Saturday.”, the underlined verb is closest in meaning to
a) like.
b) hate.
c) need.
d) want. 
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Ana: Do you ever go to museums?
Martin: Yes, I enjoy _________ them.
Ana: Would you like to go to a museum now?
Martin: No, I'm hungry. I suggest _______ to a restaurant.
 
Select the alternative that best completes the dialogue:
a) visiting – to go
b) to visit – to go
c) to visit – going
d) visiting – going
Which alternative is in the continuous tense?
a) “Reaching a speed of 2333 kilometres per hour, …”
b) “…, Concorde would leave a pistol bullet standing.”
c) “One example that does help is comparing it with a pistol bullet.”
d) “… a Concorde when it was travelling flat out with its crew…”
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Our F1 engineers spend up to 3 years in training. 
“training” is being used as
a) a noun
b) a verb
c) a subject
d) an adjective
Imagine that you are taking a peaceful walk in the British countryside, when suddenly you hear the annoying sound of mobile phones … “annoying” is
a) a verb
b) a noun
c) an adverb
d) an adjective
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Which alternative is in the progressive tense?
a) After completing his task, he smiled so happily.
b) Having perfect set of teeth please more American fans. 
c) Singers with a perfect smile are making consumers more prone to buy their CDs.
d) Being good-looking seems to be strongly associated with the so-called beauty premium.
 
Choose the sentence in the progressive tense.a) Living with Bob was fun.
b) Mark is tired of working hard.
c) The water was cold, but refreshing.
d) The children were looking for their mother.
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In “What are your parents doing?”, the correct answer to this question is: 
a) She is cooking dinner. 
b) He is reading a magazine. 
c) You are studying your lesson. 
d) They are talking to their friends. 
Investigators trying to find out what happened to a Malaysia Airlines jet that disappeared en route to Beijing on Saturday morning were examining the causes of plane crashes… 
The underlined verbs in the text are in the
a) present progressive. 
b) past progressive. 
c) simple present. 
d) future. 
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After _______, the flight attendant must pass a test at the DAC to obtain a license. Only now can this professional be part of the crew. 
Fill in the blank with the suitable option.
a) graduate 
b) graduates 
c) graduated 
d) graduating 
After ________ and _________ out the cabin crew, the 45-year-old woman had to be handcuffed to her seat, and the Boeing 767-300 was diverted to Bermuda…
Choose the alternative so as to have the article completed correctly:
a) shout / hit
b) shouted / hit
c) shouting / hitting
d) had shouted / had hit
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Fill in the blank with the suitable option:
a) purchase
b) purchased
c) purchasing
d) had purchased
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All of me
John Legend
‘Cause all of me
Loves all of you
Love your curves and all your edges
All your perfect imperfections
Give your all to me
I’ll give my all to you
You’re my end and my beginning
Even when I lose I’m winning
‘Cause I give you all of me
And you give me all of you...
All of the words bellow are verbs, EXCEPT:
a) Love (line 03)
b) Lose (line 08)
c) Beginning (line 07)
d) Winning (line 08)
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The sentence “Now it’s raining” is in the:
a) Simple Past
b) Simple Present
c) Past Progressive
d) Present Progressive
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Increasing CPR training to save lives
In August, Jeffrey Feig, a 50-year-old financial executive in Manhattan and father of three young sons, became one of the more than 350,000 Americans who each year suffer a sudden cardiac arrest. His heart went into an erratic and ineffective rhythm and he stopped _____________. But unlike 90 percent of people similarly afflicted, Mr. Feig not only lived to tell the tale but survived his near-death experience without any damage to his heart muscle or his brain, an outcome rarely seen following an out-of-hospital cardiac arrest.
Complete the blank with the right verb:
a) is breathing
b) breathing
c) brought
d) breath
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Economic crisis increases consumption of rice and beans in Brazil
The economic crisis is making the Brazilian consumer exchange meat for the traditional dish of rice and beans. High unemployment and falling incomes, together with the low prices of these products, caused by good harvest, are responsible for the increase in demand, which will be 15% to 20% this month, compared to the prediction for the year. The average consumption per capita is around 3, 5 kilos of rice and 1, 5 kilo of beans.
The words “is making”, underlined in the text, is in the __________.
a) simple past
b) future tense
c) simple present
d) present progressive
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... “ARE MULTIPLYING “... in the text is in the: 
Simple Present Tense 
Simple Past Tense 
Present Progressive 
Past Progressive 
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