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Step 1 of 2 4.016P Refer to Figure P4.16 in the text book for the circuit used in signaling system. Assume ideal diodes. For the input voltage equal to +3 V, the diode is forward biased and the diode is reverse biased. Replace with a short circuit and with an open circuit. D₁ D₂ Ideal diodes 3 V lamps - - red green Figure 1 Thus, when V=+3V the red lamp is ON and the green lamp is OFF. For the input voltage equal to 0 V, both the diodes are reverse biased. Replace both the diodes, and D2 with an open circuit. V=+3 V D₁ D₂ Ideal diodes 3 V lamps - - red green Figure 2 Thus, when the red lamp is OFF and the green lamp is OFF. Step 2 of 2 For the input voltage equal to 03 V, the diode D2 is forward biased and the diode is reverse biased. Replace with a short circuit and with an open circuit. V=+3 V D₁ Ideal diodes 3 V lamps red green Figure 3 Thus, when V=-3V the green lamp is ON and the red lamp is OFF.