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18.4 a) The compound on the right has a larger equilibrium constant because of the inductive electron withdrawing effect of the F's. b) The aldehyde has a larger equilibrium constant because the inductive and steric effects of the methyl group make the ketone less reactive. c) The compound on the left has a larger equilibrium constant because its carbonyl carbon is less sterically hindered. d) The compound on the right has a larger equilibrium constant because of the inductive electron withdrawing effect of its Cl's. e) There is not much difference in the equilibrium constants because the steric effect is too far from the reacting carbonyl carbon. 18.5 CH₃CH₂CH