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1.18 0 +1 -1 a) H-N-N=N: b) H-N=N=N: c) H-C-N=N: .. 0 H -1 +1 0 H d) 0 e) f) H-B-H 0 H H H 1.19 These are resonance structures because the positions of all atoms are identical. Only the position of a lone pair and a bonding pair of electrons are changed. -- - : : H-C-N-H H-C=N-H H H Because the resonance structure on the left has no formal charges, it is more stable than the one on the right. 1.20 Although the atoms in this structure have formal charges, the octet rule is satisfied at all the atoms. Therefore, carbon monoxide is stable. -1 +1 :C=0: ≡ 1.21 Use VSEPR theory to determine the geometry of the molecule. Assign bond dipoles to any polar bonds. Predict the overall dipole moment by estimating the result of vector addition of the bond dipoles. 6