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Questão 1
Why Honeybees are Vanishing
01
02
03
04
05
06
07
08
09
10
 The mysterious phenomenon known as Bee Colony Collapse Disorder has been worrying
scientists, beekeepers and growers for months now. Without the domesticated bees that are trucked
around the country to pollinate such crops as almonds, peaches, blueberries, cucumbers and squash (but
not, fortunately, wheat or corn), supplies would plummet.
 Theories about why huge numbers of hives have been abandoned, their inhabitants presumably
dead, have included parasites and environmental toxins, but now Science magazine is weighing in with a
suite of papers, based on genomic analysis, that points to a microbe called Israeli Acute Paralysis Virus.
The authors of the papers are pretty convinced that the virus is a significant part of the problem, yet
probably not the only one. Parasites and pesticides almost certainly weakened the bees, allowing the virus
to
have maximum effect. Still, identifying the virus could be a big step toward reversing the big bee die-off.
 From:
http://time-blog.com/eye_on_science
Glossário
Supplies – abastecimento
Hives – colmeias
Choose the alternative where the meaning of the verb ‘plummet’ (line 04) is correct.
A) The poor population cannot have access to buying a house as prices have plummeted recently.
B) The stock market has suffered a depression and stock options have dramatically plummeted.
C) Famous artists around the world have plummeted campaigns to encourage food donation.
D) The government has solved a nation problem as the level of literacy has plummeted.
E) The crowd waved goodbye as soon as the airplane plummeted up into the sky.
Gabarito:
B
Resolução:
O verbo "plummet" significa "cair, despencar". No texto, ele sugere que, com o desaparecimento das
abelhas, os estoques de algumas plantações despencariam.
A alternativa correta é a B (A bolsa de valores sofreu uma depressão e as ações despencaram
dramaticamente); única em que o verbo "plummet" está corretamente empregado.
As demais alternativas são falsas.
A, pois na frase há inadequação semântica, uma vez nela afirmar-se que a população carente não
tem acesso à compra de casas, já que os preços vêm caindo nos últimos meses.
C, porque a tradução da proposição encontrada nessa alternativa é a seguinte: "Artistas famosos no
mundo todo despencaram campanhas para incentivar a doação de alimentos", o que é
semanticamente errado.
D, pois nela lemos que o governo resolveu um problema nacional já que o nível de alfabetização
despencou.
E, porque a proposição nela constante, para ser semanticamente correta, exige o uso de outro verbo,
como "flew up into the sky" (voou em direção ao céu). O que temos nessa alternativa é a sugestão de
que "A multidão acenou logo que o avião despencou em direção ao céu".
Questão 2
Why Honeybees are Vanishing
01
02
03
04
05
06
07
08
09
10
 The mysterious phenomenon known as Bee Colony Collapse Disorder has been worrying
scientists, beekeepers and growers for months now. Without the domesticated bees that are trucked
around the country to pollinate such crops as almonds, peaches, blueberries, cucumbers and squash (but
not, fortunately, wheat or corn), supplies would plummet.
 Theories about why huge numbers of hives have been abandoned, their inhabitants presumably
dead, have included parasites and environmental toxins, but now Science magazine is weighing in with a
suite of papers, based on genomic analysis, that points to a microbe called Israeli Acute Paralysis Virus.
The authors of the papers are pretty convinced that the virus is a significant part of the problem, yet
probably not the only one. Parasites and pesticides almost certainly weakened the bees, allowing the virus
to
have maximum effect. Still, identifying the virus could be a big step toward reversing the big bee die-off.
 From:
http://time-blog.com/eye_on_science
Glossário
Supplies – abastecimento
Hives – colmeias
The conclusion drawn from the sentence “The authors of the papers are pretty convinced that
the virus is a significant part of the problem, yet probably not the only one” (lines 08 and
09) is that:
A) The virus is the only pretty part of this significant problem.
B) Despite it all, the authors are convinced the virus is not significant.
C) Although the virus is a major problem involved, there might be others.
D) The researchers haven’t reached the significant part of this problem yet.
E) The authors of the papers are certain the virus has, alone, caused all the problems.
Gabarito:
C
Resolução:
A única alternativa correta é a C, pois nela afirma-se que "Apesar de o vírus ser um grande problema
envolvido, deve haver outros".
As demais alternativas são falsas.
A, que afirma que o vírus é a única parte "bonita" deste problema significativo – nesse item, a palavra
"pretty" foi utilizada como adjetivo, e não como advérbio, o qual, antecedendo um adjetivo, passa a
ideia de intensidade (a forma como está sendo utilizada no texto).
B, pois não veicula uma informação coerente com o sentido do texto, sugerindo que “Apesar de tudo,
os autores estão convencidos de que o vírus não é significante”.
D, pois nela afirma-se que “Os pesquisadores não chegaram ainda à parte significativa do problema”.
E, pois nela afirma-se que “Os autores dos estudos estão certos de que o vírus, sozinho, causou todos
os problemas”.
Questão 3
Zebras
1 Why zebras have stripes has long perplexed naturalists and continues to challenge scientists.
Among the proposed
 explanations are that stripes promote social cohesion, regulate temperature, or confuse
predators and biting flies. The matter,
 however, is far from settled.
2 Ecologist Brenda Larison of the University of California, Los Angeles, and six colleagues decided
to have a fresh look at
 three hypotheses: predator evasion, thermoregulation, and biting fly avoidance. Plains zebras,
Equus quagga, show a
 marked geographic variation in their stripes, which range from heavy black-and-white patterns
covering the entire body to
 thinner, lighter stripes restricted to particular areas. For example, a now extinct subspecies from
South Africa, E. q. quagga,
 had stripes on its neck, head, and torso but not on its belly or legs. The difference from region to
region prompted the team to
 search for associations between environmental factors and striping patterns.
3 The researchers chose sixteen populations of plains zebras and photographed a minimum of
eight animals per site. Using
 image-processing software, they noted the number of stripes and their length, thickness, and
color saturation on the legs,
 torso, and belly. They also gathered data on twenty-nine environmental variables, including
temperature, precipitation, soil
 moisture, leaf water content, and tree canopy cover. In addition, they used the Food and
Agricultural Organization’s
 published distribution of tsetse flies and modeled the historic geographic distribution of lions and
tsetse flies. The team then
 ran a computer model and looked at which variables best predicted the observed geographic
variation of stripes.
4 Surprisingly, they found no clear link between striping patterns and escape from predators or
avoidance of biting flies.
 Instead, temperature was the strongest predictor of stripe variation. Plains zebras living in
warmer regions had thicker, more
 defined stripes than those in cooler regions. This, say the authors, seems to support the idea
that contrasting black and white
 stripes lead to differential air currents, potentially giving the zebras an onboard air conditioner.
Such a mechanism has
 previously been proposed but still remains to be investigated directly. Another untested
possibility is that it’s not tsetse fly
 distribution that matters, but rather the distributionthe
 newspaper was sometimes printed with a blank space or a cake recipe in the middle of the
news
 never really caugh my attencion. It was alwayslike that and I didn't know any better.
 I had my first glimpse of what it really meant to have a military government and what kind
 of things were going on through songs. There was a song that I liked a lot, O bêbado e a
10 equilibrista, although the lyrics didn't make much sense to me: "My Brazil... / that dreams of
the
 return / of Henfil's brother / and so many people that left / on rocket fins". Henfil was a famous
 cartoonist, but who was his brother? Who were the people who left? What were they singing
 about? This was in 1979 and I was 13.
 Thanks to this song by João Bosco and Aldir Blanc (sung by Elis Regina) and the questions I
15 started to ask, I heard for the first time about all the artists, journalists and activists that had
 been persecuted, imprisoned, tortured and exiled. Many had disappeared or been killed by the
 military regime. This song became an anthem for the amnesty of political prisioners and
activists 
 in exile, wich was announced later in the same year.
 In fact, due to the extreme censorship during the period of military dictatorship in Brazil, songs
20 were one of the few ways to send political messages. Despite the tight surveillance of the
censors,
 they flourished, giving a voice to the resistance movemente. Like Para não dizer que não falei
das
 flores, by Geraldo Vandré, which was interpreted as a call for armed struggle.
 Words and phrases with double meanings were used to escape censorship and persecution.
The
 greatest master in this art was Chico Buarque de Hollanda. His clever lyrics were often
approved
25 by the censors, who would only later realise what the songs were really about. But then, of
 course, it was too late. That was the case with Apesar de você, which was censored only after it
 had become an anthem on the streets. At first sight, it appears to be a samba about a
 lover's quarrel. Actually, it was a sharp critique of the authotitarian regime and an act of direct
 defiance aimed at the dictators.
30 With the advent of democracy and the new freedom of expression in the late 1980s, protest
 songs played less of a role in Brazil for a while, but in the 1990s they once again became a
 powerful channel to voice social discontent. One of the bands active in this period was O
Rappa, with
 the song A paz que eu não quero. The fight against social inequality, urban and police violence
 and racial discrimination are the most common themes. Nowadays, the lyrics are explicit and
the
 messages are clear.
GUIMARÃES, Mariângela. Disponível em: .
The context often helps if one needs to guess the meaning of an unknown word. For example, the
word lyrics appears in three sentences from the text:
"although the lyrics didn’t make much sense to me:" (l. 10)
"His clever lyrics were often approved by the censors," (l. 24-25)
"Nowadays, the lyrics are explicit" (l. 34)
Based on these examples, lyrics is translated as:
a) letras
b) poesias
c) músicas
d) melodias
Gabarito:
A
Resolução:
(Resolução oficial)
A palavra lyrics, nos três fragmentos, tem a mesma tradução em língua portuguesa: letras (de
música).of the disease-causing parasites carried by
the flies. “It’s something I want
 to follow up on,” says Larison, who is also studying the genetics that underlies zebra striping.
5 “We usually think about zebra stripes in terms of benefits of striping, but the fact that they lose
their striping in certain areas
 suggests that perhaps there are also some costs,” she says. The mystery of zebra stripes is still
being resolved, but for now, one
 possible explanation has been seriously considered.
By Lesley Evans Ogden. Adapted from Natural History, March, 2015.
In paragraph 1, the sentence “The matter, however, is far from settled” most likely means the same
as which of the following?
(A) Scientists and naturalists believe they are close to a solid understanding of the origin and function
of zebra stripes.
(B) Scientists and naturalists have not yet arrived at a solid understanding of the purpose of zebra
stripes.
(C) Scientists and naturalists are still unable to explain why different striping patterns are often
found among members of the same zebra species.
(D) The unsettled, migratory nature of zebra herds has impeded practical scientific research.
(E) Scientists and naturalists believe that only three hypotheses could reasonably explain the purpose
of zebra stripes
Gabarito:
B
Resolução:
Como lemos no parágrafo 1, a explicação acerca do propósito das listras das zebras permanece uma
questão distante de ser solucionada por cientistas e naturalistas (“Why zebras have stripes has long
perplexed naturalists and continues to challenge scientists.[...] The matter, however, is far from
settled”).
Questão 4
Zebras
1 Why zebras have stripes has long perplexed naturalists and continues to challenge scientists.
Among the proposed
 explanations are that stripes promote social cohesion, regulate temperature, or confuse
predators and biting flies. The matter,
 however, is far from settled.
2 Ecologist Brenda Larison of the University of California, Los Angeles, and six colleagues decided
to have a fresh look at
 three hypotheses: predator evasion, thermoregulation, and biting fly avoidance. Plains zebras,
Equus quagga, show a
 marked geographic variation in their stripes, which range from heavy black-and-white patterns
covering the entire body to
 thinner, lighter stripes restricted to particular areas. For example, a now extinct subspecies from
South Africa, E. q. quagga,
 had stripes on its neck, head, and torso but not on its belly or legs. The difference from region to
region prompted the team to
 search for associations between environmental factors and striping patterns.
3 The researchers chose sixteen populations of plains zebras and photographed a minimum of
eight animals per site. Using
 image-processing software, they noted the number of stripes and their length, thickness, and
color saturation on the legs,
 torso, and belly. They also gathered data on twenty-nine environmental variables, including
temperature, precipitation, soil
 moisture, leaf water content, and tree canopy cover. In addition, they used the Food and
Agricultural Organization’s
 published distribution of tsetse flies and modeled the historic geographic distribution of lions and
tsetse flies. The team then
 ran a computer model and looked at which variables best predicted the observed geographic
variation of stripes.
4 Surprisingly, they found no clear link between striping patterns and escape from predators or
avoidance of biting flies.
 Instead, temperature was the strongest predictor of stripe variation. Plains zebras living in
warmer regions had thicker, more
 defined stripes than those in cooler regions. This, say the authors, seems to support the idea
that contrasting black and white
 stripes lead to differential air currents, potentially giving the zebras an onboard air conditioner.
Such a mechanism has
 previously been proposed but still remains to be investigated directly. Another untested
possibility is that it’s not tsetse fly
 distribution that matters, but rather the distribution of the disease-causing parasites carried by
the flies. “It’s something I want
 to follow up on,” says Larison, who is also studying the genetics that underlies zebra striping.
5 “We usually think about zebra stripes in terms of benefits of striping, but the fact that they lose
their striping in certain areas
 suggests that perhaps there are also some costs,” she says. The mystery of zebra stripes is still
being resolved, but for now, one
 possible explanation has been seriously considered.
By Lesley Evans Ogden. Adapted from Natural History, March, 2015.
The information in the article most supports which of the following?
(A) The societal structure of zebra herds helps to determine the length, thickness, and color
saturation of zebra stripes.
(B) At present, scientists have found no evidence to support the hypothesis that zebra striping
patterns may be related to geography and environment.
(C) It is impossible to understand the function of striping patterns without understanding how
predators affect zebra herds.
(D) The native climate of the E. q. quagga zebra species was probably the same as the native climate
of the Equus quagga zebra species.
(E) Although Equus quagga and E. q. quagga zebras are related, the striping pattern of the first
species is clearly different from that of the second.
Gabarito:
E
Resolução:
A partir do que lemos no segundo parágrafo, embora as zebras Equus quagga e a subespécie E.Q
quagga estejam relacionadas, o padrão de listras da primeira espécie é claramente diferente do da
segunda; na subespécie E.Q quagga, aparecem listras no pescoço, cabeça e tronco, mas não na
barriga, nem nas pernas.
Questão 5
Zebras 
1 Why zebras have stripes has long perplexed naturalists and continues to challenge scientists.
Among the proposed
 explanations are that stripes promote social cohesion, regulate temperature, or confuse
predators and biting flies. The matter,
 however, is far from settled.
2 Ecologist Brenda Larison of the University of California, Los Angeles, and six colleagues decided
to have a fresh look at
 three hypotheses: predator evasion, thermoregulation, and biting fly avoidance. Plains zebras,
Equus quagga, show a
 marked geographic variation in their stripes, which range from heavy black-and-white patterns
covering the entire body to
 thinner, lighter stripes restricted to particular areas. For example, a now extinct subspecies from
South Africa, E. q. quagga,
 had stripes on its neck, head, and torso but not on its belly or legs. The difference from region to
region prompted the team to
 search for associations between environmental factors and striping patterns.
3 The researchers chose sixteen populations of plains zebras and photographed a minimum of
eight animals per site. Using
 image-processing software, they noted the number of stripes and their length, thickness, and
color saturation on the legs,
 torso, and belly. They also gathered data on twenty-nine environmental variables, including
temperature, precipitation, soil
 moisture, leaf water content, and tree canopy cover. In addition, they used the Food and
Agricultural Organization’s
 published distribution of tsetse flies and modeled the historic geographic distribution of lions and
tsetse flies. The team then
 ran a computer model and looked at which variables best predicted the observed geographic
variation of stripes.
4 Surprisingly, they found no clear link between striping patterns and escape from predators or
avoidance of biting flies.
 Instead, temperature was the strongest predictor of stripe variation. Plains zebras living in
warmer regions had thicker, more
 defined stripes than those in cooler regions. This, say the authors, seems to support the idea
that contrasting black and white
 stripes lead to differential air currents, potentially giving the zebras an onboard air conditioner.
Such a mechanism has
 previously been proposed but still remains to be investigated directly.Another untested
possibility is that it’s not tsetse fly
 distribution that matters, but rather the distribution of the disease-causing parasites carried by
the flies. “It’s something I want
 to follow up on,” says Larison, who is also studying the genetics that underlies zebra striping.
5 “We usually think about zebra stripes in terms of benefits of striping, but the fact that they lose
their striping in certain areas
 suggests that perhaps there are also some costs,” she says. The mystery of zebra stripes is still
being resolved, but for now, one
 possible explanation has been seriously considered.
By Lesley Evans Ogden. Adapted from Natural History, March, 2015.
According to the information in the article, Brenda Larison and her research team
(A) relied on computerized technology in order to research certain stripe characteristics of
various zebras.
(B) studied eight of the sixteen known populations of plains zebras.
(C) used image-processing software to prove that length, thickness, and color saturation of zebra
stripes help to regulate body temperature.
(D) discovered that zebra stripes are affected by twentynine environmental variables.
(E) found evidence that zebra stripes are strongly influenced by temperature, precipitation,
soil moisture, leaf water content, and tree canopy cover.
Gabarito:
A
Resolução:
Como lemos no terceiro parágrafo, a equipe de pesquisadores de Brenda Larison fez uso de
tecnologia computadorizada, munida de programa com processamento de imagem, com o objetivo de
pesquisar certas características de listras de diversas zebras, como comprimento das listras e
saturação da cor ("Using image-processing software, they noted the number of stripes and their
length, thickness, and color saturation on the legs, torso, and belly").
Questão 6
Zebras 
1 Why zebras have stripes has long perplexed naturalists and continues to challenge scientists.
Among the proposed
 explanations are that stripes promote social cohesion, regulate temperature, or confuse
predators and biting flies. The matter,
 however, is far from settled.
2 Ecologist Brenda Larison of the University of California, Los Angeles, and six colleagues decided
to have a fresh look at
 three hypotheses: predator evasion, thermoregulation, and biting fly avoidance. Plains zebras,
Equus quagga, show a
 marked geographic variation in their stripes, which range from heavy black-and-white patterns
covering the entire body to
 thinner, lighter stripes restricted to particular areas. For example, a now extinct subspecies from
South Africa, E. q. quagga,
 had stripes on its neck, head, and torso but not on its belly or legs. The difference from region to
region prompted the team to
 search for associations between environmental factors and striping patterns.
3 The researchers chose sixteen populations of plains zebras and photographed a minimum of
eight animals per site. Using
 image-processing software, they noted the number of stripes and their length, thickness, and
color saturation on the legs,
 torso, and belly. They also gathered data on twenty-nine environmental variables, including
temperature, precipitation, soil
 moisture, leaf water content, and tree canopy cover. In addition, they used the Food and
Agricultural Organization’s
 published distribution of tsetse flies and modeled the historic geographic distribution of lions and
tsetse flies. The team then
 ran a computer model and looked at which variables best predicted the observed geographic
variation of stripes.
4 Surprisingly, they found no clear link between striping patterns and escape from predators or
avoidance of biting flies.
 Instead, temperature was the strongest predictor of stripe variation. Plains zebras living in
warmer regions had thicker, more
 defined stripes than those in cooler regions. This, say the authors, seems to support the idea
that contrasting black and white
 stripes lead to differential air currents, potentially giving the zebras an onboard air conditioner.
Such a mechanism has
 previously been proposed but still remains to be investigated directly. Another untested
possibility is that it’s not tsetse fly
 distribution that matters, but rather the distribution of the disease-causing parasites carried by
the flies. “It’s something I want
 to follow up on,” says Larison, who is also studying the genetics that underlies zebra striping.
5 “We usually think about zebra stripes in terms of benefits of striping, but the fact that they lose
their striping in certain areas
 suggests that perhaps there are also some costs,” she says. The mystery of zebra stripes is still
being resolved, but for now, one
 possible explanation has been seriously considered.
By Lesley Evans Ogden. Adapted from Natural History, March, 2015.
With respect to the Food and Agricultural Organization, which of the following is most supported by
the information in the article?
(A) The Food and Agricultural Organization provides the most accurate data on African predator
distribution.
(B) The Food and Agricultural Organization developed a computer model that shows the
geographic distribution of certain zebra populations.
(C) Brenda Larison and her research team worked closely with the Food and Agricultural Organization
in order to model the geographical distribution of lions, tsetse flies, and zebras.
(D) Data from the Food and Agricultural Organization helped Brenda Larison and her research team
to disqualify one hypothesis about zebra stripes.
E) Food and Agricultural Organization statistics suggest that predators and biting flies rarely inhabit
the same geographical area.
Gabarito:
D
Resolução:
Como lemos nos parágrafos 3 e 4, os dados da Organização de Agricultura e Alimentos ("Food and
Agricultural Organization"), relativos à distribuição geográfica de leões e de moscas tsé-tsé, ajudaram
Brenda Larison e sua equipe de pesquisa a desqualificar a hipótese de que as listras das zebras
teriam relação com uma função de escapar de predadores e espantar moscas ("...they used the Food
and Agricultural Organization’s published distribution of tsetse flies and modeled the historic
geographic distribution of lions and tsetse flies. The team then ran a computer model and looked at
which variables best predicted the observed geographic variation of stripes. Surprisingly, they found
no clear link between striping patterns and escape from predators or avoidance of biting flies").
Questão 7
Zebras 
1 Why zebras have stripes has long perplexed naturalists and continues to challenge scientists.
Among the proposed
 explanations are that stripes promote social cohesion, regulate temperature, or confuse
predators and biting flies. The matter,
 however, is far from settled.
2 Ecologist Brenda Larison of the University of California, Los Angeles, and six colleagues decided
to have a fresh look at
 three hypotheses: predator evasion, thermoregulation, and biting fly avoidance. Plains zebras,
Equus quagga, show a
 marked geographic variation in their stripes, which range from heavy black-and-white patterns
covering the entire body to
 thinner, lighter stripes restricted to particular areas. For example, a now extinct subspecies from
South Africa, E. q. quagga,
 had stripes on its neck, head, and torso but not on its belly or legs. The difference from region to
region prompted the team to
 search for associations between environmental factors and striping patterns.
3 The researchers chose sixteen populations of plains zebras and photographed a minimum of
eight animals per site. Using
 image-processing software, they noted the number of stripes and their length, thickness, and
color saturation on the legs,
 torso, and belly. They also gathered data on twenty-nine environmental variables, including
temperature, precipitation, soil
 moisture, leaf water content, and tree canopy cover. In addition, they used the Food and
Agricultural Organization’s
 published distribution of tsetse flies and modeled the historic geographic distributionof lions and
tsetse flies. The team then
 ran a computer model and looked at which variables best predicted the observed geographic
variation of stripes.
4 Surprisingly, they found no clear link between striping patterns and escape from predators or
avoidance of biting flies.
 Instead, temperature was the strongest predictor of stripe variation. Plains zebras living in
warmer regions had thicker, more
 defined stripes than those in cooler regions. This, say the authors, seems to support the idea
that contrasting black and white
 stripes lead to differential air currents, potentially giving the zebras an onboard air conditioner.
Such a mechanism has
 previously been proposed but still remains to be investigated directly. Another untested
possibility is that it’s not tsetse fly
 distribution that matters, but rather the distribution of the disease-causing parasites carried by
the flies. “It’s something I want
 to follow up on,” says Larison, who is also studying the genetics that underlies zebra striping.
5 “We usually think about zebra stripes in terms of benefits of striping, but the fact that they lose
their striping in certain areas
 suggests that perhaps there are also some costs,” she says. The mystery of zebra stripes is still
being resolved, but for now, one
 possible explanation has been seriously considered.
By Lesley Evans Ogden. Adapted from Natural History, March, 2015.
According to the information in the article, Brenda Larison and her research team found evidence
to support which of the following?
(A) Biting flies are attracted to the black and white of zebra striping patterns.
(B) Because of striping patterns, the body temperature of zebras in hot climates is the same as that of
zebras in cool climates.
(C) Certain stripe characteristics can indicate the climate of a zebra’s native region.
(D) Zebra stripes may be irrelevant in cool regions.
(E) Striping patterns help to establish social hierarchies in zebra herds, regardless of the climate of
their native region.
Gabarito:
C
Resolução:
Como lemos no parágrafo 4, de acordo com Brenda Larison e sua equipe de pesquisa, há provas que
apoiam a informação de que a temperatura está relacionada ao padrão das listras – as zebras de
planícies que viviam em regiões mais quentes tinham faixas mais largas e mais definidas do que
aquelas em regiões mais frias (" ...temperature was the strongest predictor of stripe variation. Plains
zebras living in warmer regions had thicker, more defined stripes than those in cooler regions").
Questão 8
Zebras 
1 Why zebras have stripes has long perplexed naturalists and continues to challenge scientists.
Among the proposed
 explanations are that stripes promote social cohesion, regulate temperature, or confuse
predators and biting flies. The matter,
 however, is far from settled.
2 Ecologist Brenda Larison of the University of California, Los Angeles, and six colleagues decided
to have a fresh look at
 three hypotheses: predator evasion, thermoregulation, and biting fly avoidance. Plains zebras,
Equus quagga, show a
 marked geographic variation in their stripes, which range from heavy black-and-white patterns
covering the entire body to
 thinner, lighter stripes restricted to particular areas. For example, a now extinct subspecies from
South Africa, E. q. quagga,
 had stripes on its neck, head, and torso but not on its belly or legs. The difference from region to
region prompted the team to
 search for associations between environmental factors and striping patterns.
3 The researchers chose sixteen populations of plains zebras and photographed a minimum of
eight animals per site. Using
 image-processing software, they noted the number of stripes and their length, thickness, and
color saturation on the legs,
 torso, and belly. They also gathered data on twenty-nine environmental variables, including
temperature, precipitation, soil
 moisture, leaf water content, and tree canopy cover. In addition, they used the Food and
Agricultural Organization’s
 published distribution of tsetse flies and modeled the historic geographic distribution of lions and
tsetse flies. The team then
 ran a computer model and looked at which variables best predicted the observed geographic
variation of stripes.
4 Surprisingly, they found no clear link between striping patterns and escape from predators or
avoidance of biting flies.
 Instead, temperature was the strongest predictor of stripe variation. Plains zebras living in
warmer regions had thicker, more
 defined stripes than those in cooler regions. This, say the authors, seems to support the idea
that contrasting black and white
 stripes lead to differential air currents, potentially giving the zebras an onboard air conditioner.
Such a mechanism has
 previously been proposed but still remains to be investigated directly. Another untested
possibility is that it’s not tsetse fly
 distribution that matters, but rather the distribution of the disease-causing parasites carried by
the flies. “It’s something I want
 to follow up on,” says Larison, who is also studying the genetics that underlies zebra striping.
5 “We usually think about zebra stripes in terms of benefits of striping, but the fact that they lose
their striping in certain areas
 suggests that perhaps there are also some costs,” she says. The mystery of zebra stripes is still
being resolved, but for now, one
 possible explanation has been seriously considered.
By Lesley Evans Ogden. Adapted from Natural History, March, 2015.
At the end of paragraph 4, when Brenda Larison says, “It’s something I want to follow up on,” she
most likely means that
(A) she’s interested in researching a possible connection between zebra striping patterns and
parasites.
(B) she hopes to discover the environmental factors that affect zebra striping patterns.
(C) black and white stripes may regulate a zebra’s body temperature by affecting air currents.
(D) she has developed a theory that a zebra’s black and white stripes may act to repel tsetse flies.
(E) she intends to do further research on the role of genetics in determining zebra striping patterns.
Gabarito:
A
Resolução:
 No fim do parágrafo 4, quando Brenda Larison afirma “It’s something I want to follow up on” ("Isto é
algo que eu quero acompanhar"), significa que a pesquisadora está interessada na pesquisa da
possível relação entre os padrões das listras e os parasitas, como descrito no período imediatamente
anterior no texto (" Another untested possibility is that it’s not tsetse fly distribution that matters, but
rather the distribution of the disease-causing parasites carried by the flies.").
Questão 9
Zebras 
1 Why zebras have stripes has long perplexed naturalists and continues to challenge scientists.
Among the proposed
 explanations are that stripes promote social cohesion, regulate temperature, or confuse
predators and biting flies. The matter,
 however, is far from settled.
2 Ecologist Brenda Larison of the University of California, Los Angeles, and six colleagues decided
to have a fresh look at
 three hypotheses: predator evasion, thermoregulation, and biting fly avoidance. Plains zebras,
Equus quagga, show a
 marked geographic variation in their stripes, which range from heavy black-and-white patterns
covering the entire body to
 thinner, lighter stripes restricted to particular areas. For example, a now extinct subspecies from
South Africa, E. q. quagga,
 had stripes on its neck, head, and torso but not on its belly or legs. The difference from region to
region prompted the team to
 search for associations between environmental factors and striping patterns.
3 The researchers chose sixteen populations of plains zebras and photographed a minimum of
eight animals per site. Using
 image-processing software, they noted the number of stripes and their length, thickness, and
color saturation on the legs,
 torso, and belly. They also gathered data on twenty-nine environmental variables, including
temperature, precipitation,soil
 moisture, leaf water content, and tree canopy cover. In addition, they used the Food and
Agricultural Organization’s
 published distribution of tsetse flies and modeled the historic geographic distribution of lions and
tsetse flies. The team then
 ran a computer model and looked at which variables best predicted the observed geographic
variation of stripes.
4 Surprisingly, they found no clear link between striping patterns and escape from predators or
avoidance of biting flies.
 Instead, temperature was the strongest predictor of stripe variation. Plains zebras living in
warmer regions had thicker, more
 defined stripes than those in cooler regions. This, say the authors, seems to support the idea
that contrasting black and white
 stripes lead to differential air currents, potentially giving the zebras an onboard air conditioner.
Such a mechanism has
 previously been proposed but still remains to be investigated directly. Another untested
possibility is that it’s not tsetse fly
 distribution that matters, but rather the distribution of the disease-causing parasites carried by
the flies. “It’s something I want
 to follow up on,” says Larison, who is also studying the genetics that underlies zebra striping.
5 “We usually think about zebra stripes in terms of benefits of striping, but the fact that they lose
their striping in certain areas
 suggests that perhaps there are also some costs,” she says. The mystery of zebra stripes is still
being resolved, but for now, one
 possible explanation has been seriously considered.
By Lesley Evans Ogden. Adapted from Natural History, March, 2015.
According to the information in the article, the fact that zebra striping patterns can vary in
accordance with geographical area may indicate that
(A) each zebra species reacts differently to both predators and climate.
(B) genetics may not be as powerful a factor in determining striping patterns as was once believed.
(C) zebra stripes may not be entirely beneficial.
(D) zebra stripes are a relatively new evolutionary phenomenon.
(E) zebra stripes are beneficial in ways that have never been imagined.
Gabarito:
C
Resolução:
De acordo com a informação contida no artigo, especialmente no último parágrafo, o fato de o padrão
das listras nas zebras poder variar de acordo com a região geográfica indica que o padrão de listras
das zebras pode não ser totalmente benéfico. Como coloca Brenda Larison, os pesquisadores
costumam encarar as listras das zebras pelo prisma dos benefícios que possam representar a esses
animais, mas o fato de que zebras não apresentam listras em algumas regiões sugere que os padrões
podem ter desvantagens ("“We usually think about zebra stripes in terms of benefits of striping, but
the fact that they lose their striping in certain areas suggests that perhaps there are also some
costs”...").
Questão 10
Zombie Neuroscience
I don’t know if cockroaches dream, but I imagine if they do, jewel wasps feature prominently in their
nightmares. These small, solitary tropical wasps are of little concern to us humans; after all, they
don’t manipulate our minds so that they can serve us up as willing, living meals to their newborns, as
they do to unsuspecting cockroaches. The story is simple, if grotesque: the female wasp controls the
minds of the cockroaches she feeds to her offspring, taking away their sense of fear or will to escape
their fate. What turns a once healthy cockroach into a mindless zombie it’s venom. Not just any
venom, either: a specific venom that acts like a drug, targeting the cockroach's brain.
WILCOX, Christie. Zombie Neuroscience. Scientific American, New York, v. 315, n. 2, p. 70-73, 2016.
Adaptado.
De acordo com o autor,
a) certas baratas conseguem escapar de ataques de vespas comportando-se como zumbis.
b) baratas são capazes de ações predatórias que mal podemos imaginar.
c) vespas fêmeas de uma certa espécie podem controlar a mente das baratas.
d) uma barata pode inocular um veneno que transforma uma outra barata em um zumbi.
Gabarito:
C
Resolução:
A alternativa C é confirmada pelo trecho "[...] the female wasp controls the minds of the cockroaches
she feeds to her offspring" ("a vespa fêmea controla as mentes das baratas que alimenta à sua cria").
Questão 11
Wiser and older 
 Sometimes the world of science and medicine produces something that can
only be described
 as unalloyed good news. We are used to stories about pollution scares and
increases in the
 rates of cancer, but bubbling beneath is the stark reality that we live at a
time when humans are
 healthier and live longer than any time in our history.
5 The Office for National Statistics figures, recently released, make heartening
if surprising reading.
 They show that most men are survinving until the age of 85, while women
are living four years
 longer. Furthermore, we can expect these figures to increase as the century
progresses. What's
 driving this extraordinary increase in human longevity?
 The increase has been driven by a number of advances. Firstly, the huge
reduction in neonatal
10 and infant deaths. These days, nearly all babies born in a prosperous
advanced nation can expect
 to survive into adulthood. Over half the couples in the world are havind fewer
than two children
 each. This is partly because almost everywhere infant mortality is falling,
globally faster today
 than at any time in human history.
 Sanitation, vaccination and better diets have increased lifespans once we
survive infancy, but
15 they cannot wholly explain why people are living into their eighties and
beyond. A cut in physical
 stress and a huge reduction in exposure to toxic and carcinogenic
substances in the environment
 may explain much of the increase. In the 1950s, thousands died or became
very ill during the
 London smogs. That threat, along with numerous other environmental
containments, has gone.
 We have also begun to stop smoking and we are drinking less, too.
20 Finally, life is much safer than it used to be. As psychologist Steven Pinker
shows in his book,
 The better angels of our nature, the history of all societies has shown an
amazing decline in
 violence over the past century. We are ten times less likely to be murdered
today than we were
 two hundred years ago, and three times less likely to be killed on the roads
than we were in the
 1960s.
25 So, can the increase in longevity continue? According to gerontologists, there
is no clear answer.
 Currently the maximum human lifespan is 122 years, attained by the French
woman Jeanne Calment
 who died in 1997. Significantly, no one has come close to her astonishing
record. Instead, more
 and more of us are dodging the bullets of middle age and living to our
personal genetic potential.
 So how long is the natural human lifespan? The answer seems to be that, in a
world where
30 infectious diseases are kept at bay and where we are safe from predators
and starvation, and
 provided we keep our lifestyles in check, most people should reach 80 or 90.
 Something very big is going on, wrote Ban Ki-moon, the United Nations
secretary general. He
 warned thar "the social and economic implications of this phenomenon are
profound, extending
 far beyond the individual older person and the immediate family, touching
broader society and
 the global community is unprecedented ways". What the figures show more
than anything is
 that we need a rapid and radical rethink of how we treat the elderly among
us, as they will soon
 be the majority.
Available at: .
most men are surviving until the age of 85, while women are living four years longer. (l. 6-7)
According to the sentence above, women will probably reach the age of:
a) 80
b) 81
c) 85
d) 89
Gabarito:
D
Resolução:
(Resolução oficial)
O fragmento retirado do texto diz que “a maioria dos homens está sobrevivendo até a idade de 85
anos, enquanto as mulheres estão vivendo quatro anos a mais”. Portanto, depreende-se da afirmação
que as mulheres provavelmentechegarão à idade de 89 anos.
Questão 12
Wiser and older 
 Sometimes the world of science and medicine produces something that can
only be described
 as unalloyed good news. We are used to stories about pollution scares and
increases in the
 rates of cancer, but bubbling beneath is the stark reality that we live at a
time when humans are
 healthier and live longer than any time in our history.
5 The Office for National Statistics figures, recently released, make heartening
if surprising reading.
 They show that most men are survinving until the age of 85, while women
are living four years
 longer. Furthermore, we can expect these figures to increase as the century
progresses. What's
 driving this extraordinary increase in human longevity?
 The increase has been driven by a number of advances. Firstly, the huge
reduction in neonatal
10 and infant deaths. These days, nearly all babies born in a prosperous
advanced nation can expect
 to survive into adulthood. Over half the couples in the world are havind fewer
than two children
 each. This is partly because almost everywhere infant mortality is falling,
globally faster today
 than at any time in human history.
 Sanitation, vaccination and better diets have increased lifespans once we
survive infancy, but
15 they cannot wholly explain why people are living into their eighties and
beyond. A cut in physical
 stress and a huge reduction in exposure to toxic and carcinogenic
substances in the environment
 may explain much of the increase. In the 1950s, thousands died or became
very ill during the
 London smogs. That threat, along with numerous other environmental
containments, has gone.
 We have also begun to stop smoking and we are drinking less, too.
20 Finally, life is much safer than it used to be. As psychologist Steven Pinker
shows in his book,
 The better angels of our nature, the history of all societies has shown an
amazing decline in
 violence over the past century. We are ten times less likely to be murdered
today than we were
 two hundred years ago, and three times less likely to be killed on the roads
than we were in the
 1960s.
25 So, can the increase in longevity continue? According to gerontologists, there
is no clear answer.
 Currently the maximum human lifespan is 122 years, attained by the French
woman Jeanne Calment
 who died in 1997. Significantly, no one has come close to her astonishing
record. Instead, more
 and more of us are dodging the bullets of middle age and living to our
personal genetic potential.
 So how long is the natural human lifespan? The answer seems to be that, in a
world where
30 infectious diseases are kept at bay and where we are safe from predators
and starvation, and
 provided we keep our lifestyles in check, most people should reach 80 or 90.
 Something very big is going on, wrote Ban Ki-moon, the United Nations
secretary general. He
 warned thar "the social and economic implications of this phenomenon are
profound, extending
 far beyond the individual older person and the immediate family, touching
broader society and
 the global community is unprecedented ways". What the figures show more
than anything is
 that we need a rapid and radical rethink of how we treat the elderly among
us, as they will soon
 be the majority.
Available at: .
From the third to the fifth paragraph, the author presents the advances that led to an increase in
human longevity.
In the fourth paragraph, the pair of factors affected by those advances is:
a) diet and stress
b) society and lifespan
c) sanitation and infancy
d) lifestyle and environment
Gabarito:
D
Resolução:
(Resolução oficial)
Na linha 9, o autor diz que o aumento da longevidade humana se deve a vários avanços. De acordo
com o quarto parágrafo, os aspectos da vida que mais se beneficiaram dos avanços foram os
relacionados ao estilo de vida (lifestyle) - já que os seres humanos passaram a viver em locais
saudáveis (sanitation), a se vacinar (vaccination) e a se alimentar melhor (better diets) -, e ao meio
ambiente (environment), que passa a conter menos substâncias tóxicas e carcinogênicas. 
Questão 13
Wiser and older 
 Sometimes the world of science and medicine produces something that can
only be described
 as unalloyed good news. We are used to stories about pollution scares and
increases in the
 rates of cancer, but bubbling beneath is the stark reality that we live at a
time when humans are
 healthier and live longer than any time in our history.
5 The Office for National Statistics figures, recently released, make heartening
if surprising reading.
 They show that most men are survinving until the age of 85, while women
are living four years
 longer. Furthermore, we can expect these figures to increase as the century
progresses. What's
 driving this extraordinary increase in human longevity?
 The increase has been driven by a number of advances. Firstly, the huge
reduction in neonatal
10 and infant deaths. These days, nearly all babies born in a prosperous
advanced nation can expect
 to survive into adulthood. Over half the couples in the world are havind fewer
than two children
 each. This is partly because almost everywhere infant mortality is falling,
globally faster today
 than at any time in human history.
 Sanitation, vaccination and better diets have increased lifespans once we
survive infancy, but
15 they cannot wholly explain why people are living into their eighties and
beyond. A cut in physical
 stress and a huge reduction in exposure to toxic and carcinogenic
substances in the environment
 may explain much of the increase. In the 1950s, thousands died or became
very ill during the
 London smogs. That threat, along with numerous other environmental
containments, has gone.
 We have also begun to stop smoking and we are drinking less, too.
20 Finally, life is much safer than it used to be. As psychologist Steven Pinker
shows in his book,
 The better angels of our nature, the history of all societies has shown an
amazing decline in
 violence over the past century. We are ten times less likely to be murdered
today than we were
 two hundred years ago, and three times less likely to be killed on the roads
than we were in the
 1960s.
25 So, can the increase in longevity continue? According to gerontologists, there
is no clear answer.
 Currently the maximum human lifespan is 122 years, attained by the French
woman Jeanne Calment
 who died in 1997. Significantly, no one has come close to her astonishing
record. Instead, more
 and more of us are dodging the bullets of middle age and living to our
personal genetic potential.
 So how long is the natural human lifespan? The answer seems to be that, in a
world where
30 infectious diseases are kept at bay and where we are safe from predators
and starvation, and
 provided we keep our lifestyles in check, most people should reach 80 or 90.
 Something very big is going on, wrote Ban Ki-moon, the United Nations
secretary general. He
 warned thar "the social and economic implications of this phenomenon are
profound, extending
 far beyond the individual older person and the immediate family, touching
broader society and
 the global community is unprecedented ways". What the figures show more
than anything is
 that we need a rapid and radical rethink of how we treat the elderly among
us, as they will soon
 be the majority.
Available at: .
most people should reach 80 or 90. (l. 31)
The function of should in the fragment above is to:
a) give advice
b) clear doubt
c) express possibility
d) impose obligation
Gabarito:
C
Resolução:
(Resolução oficial)
A forma verbal should expressa uma possibilidade futura. No fragmento destacado, portanto, ela
indica a possibilidade de a maioria das pessoas chegar aos 80 ou 90 anos.
Questão 14
Wiser and older 
 Sometimes the world of science and medicine produces something that can
only be described
 as unalloyed good news. We are used to stories about pollution scaresand
increases in the
 rates of cancer, but bubbling beneath is the stark reality that we live at a
time when humans are
 healthier and live longer than any time in our history.
5 The Office for National Statistics figures, recently released, make heartening
if surprising reading.
 They show that most men are survinving until the age of 85, while women
are living four years
 longer. Furthermore, we can expect these figures to increase as the century
progresses. What's
 driving this extraordinary increase in human longevity?
 The increase has been driven by a number of advances. Firstly, the huge
reduction in neonatal
10 and infant deaths. These days, nearly all babies born in a prosperous
advanced nation can expect
 to survive into adulthood. Over half the couples in the world are havind fewer
than two children
 each. This is partly because almost everywhere infant mortality is falling,
globally faster today
 than at any time in human history.
 Sanitation, vaccination and better diets have increased lifespans once we
survive infancy, but
15 they cannot wholly explain why people are living into their eighties and
beyond. A cut in physical
 stress and a huge reduction in exposure to toxic and carcinogenic
substances in the environment
 may explain much of the increase. In the 1950s, thousands died or became
very ill during the
 London smogs. That threat, along with numerous other environmental
containments, has gone.
 We have also begun to stop smoking and we are drinking less, too.
20 Finally, life is much safer than it used to be. As psychologist Steven Pinker
shows in his book,
 The better angels of our nature, the history of all societies has shown an
amazing decline in
 violence over the past century. We are ten times less likely to be murdered
today than we were
 two hundred years ago, and three times less likely to be killed on the roads
than we were in the
 1960s.
25 So, can the increase in longevity continue? According to gerontologists, there
is no clear answer.
 Currently the maximum human lifespan is 122 years, attained by the French
woman Jeanne Calment
 who died in 1997. Significantly, no one has come close to her astonishing
record. Instead, more
 and more of us are dodging the bullets of middle age and living to our
personal genetic potential.
 So how long is the natural human lifespan? The answer seems to be that, in a
world where
30 infectious diseases are kept at bay and where we are safe from predators
and starvation, and
 provided we keep our lifestyles in check, most people should reach 80 or 90.
 Something very big is going on, wrote Ban Ki-moon, the United Nations
secretary general. He
 warned thar "the social and economic implications of this phenomenon are
profound, extending
 far beyond the individual older person and the immediate family, touching
broader society and
 the global community is unprecedented ways". What the figures show more
than anything is
 that we need a rapid and radical rethink of how we treat the elderly among
us, as they will soon
 be the majority.
Available at: .
Words and expressions such as older (title), live longer (l. 4), longevity (l. 8), older person 
 (l. 34) and the elderly (l. 36) belong to the same semantic field.
The elderly is translated as:
a) antigos
b) idosos
c) obsoletos
d) longínquos
Gabarito:
B
Resolução:
(Resolução oficial)
A palavra elderly, que está contida no mesmo campo semântico de older (mais velhos), live
longer (viver mais), longevity (longevidade) e older person (pessoa mais velha), é traduzida em
português pela palavra "idosos".
Questão 15
Wiser and older 
 Sometimes the world of science and medicine produces something that can
only be described
 as unalloyed good news. We are used to stories about pollution scares and
increases in the
 rates of cancer, but bubbling beneath is the stark reality that we live at a
time when humans are
 healthier and live longer than any time in our history.
5 The Office for National Statistics figures, recently released, make heartening
if surprising reading.
 They show that most men are survinving until the age of 85, while women
are living four years
 longer. Furthermore, we can expect these figures to increase as the century
progresses. What's
 driving this extraordinary increase in human longevity?
 The increase has been driven by a number of advances. Firstly, the huge
reduction in neonatal
10 and infant deaths. These days, nearly all babies born in a prosperous
advanced nation can expect
 to survive into adulthood. Over half the couples in the world are havind fewer
than two children
 each. This is partly because almost everywhere infant mortality is falling,
globally faster today
 than at any time in human history.
 Sanitation, vaccination and better diets have increased lifespans once we
survive infancy, but
15 they cannot wholly explain why people are living into their eighties and
beyond. A cut in physical
 stress and a huge reduction in exposure to toxic and carcinogenic
substances in the environment
 may explain much of the increase. In the 1950s, thousands died or became
very ill during the
 London smogs. That threat, along with numerous other environmental
containments, has gone.
 We have also begun to stop smoking and we are drinking less, too.
20 Finally, life is much safer than it used to be. As psychologist Steven Pinker
shows in his book,
 The better angels of our nature, the history of all societies has shown an
amazing decline in
 violence over the past century. We are ten times less likely to be murdered
today than we were
 two hundred years ago, and three times less likely to be killed on the roads
than we were in the
 1960s.
25 So, can the increase in longevity continue? According to gerontologists, there
is no clear answer.
 Currently the maximum human lifespan is 122 years, attained by the French
woman Jeanne Calment
 who died in 1997. Significantly, no one has come close to her astonishing
record. Instead, more
 and more of us are dodging the bullets of middle age and living to our
personal genetic potential.
 So how long is the natural human lifespan? The answer seems to be that, in a
world where
30 infectious diseases are kept at bay and where we are safe from predators
and starvation, and
 provided we keep our lifestyles in check, most people should reach 80 or 90.
 Something very big is going on, wrote Ban Ki-moon, the United Nations
secretary general. He
 warned thar "the social and economic implications of this phenomenon are
profound, extending
 far beyond the individual older person and the immediate family, touching
broader society and
 the global community is unprecedented ways". What the figures show more
than anything is
 that we need a rapid and radical rethink of how we treat the elderly among
us, as they will soon
 be the majority.
Available at: .
The first paragraph introduces the subject of the text by calling it unalloyed good news (l. 2).
This expression refers to the following fact:
a) people are living longer
b) science is changing quickly
c) pollution is increasing slowly
d) medicine is developing faster
Gabarito:
A
Resolução:
(Resolução oficial)
A expressão "unalloyed good news" caracteriza como uma boa notícia o assunto do texto, que está
enunciado nas linhas 3 e 4: "humans are healthier and live longer than at any time in our history", ou
seja, as pessoas estão com mais saúde e vivendo mais tempo do que em toda a história.
Questão 16
Brazilian protest songs: "Peace without a voice is no peace but fear"
 I was born a year after the military coup in Brazil. The dictatorship that followed lasted from
 1964 until — all my childhood and teenage years. But untill I was 13 or 14 years old, I had
 no clue of what was going on in my country. I lived in a small town and my parents were not
 involved in politics. We listened to the radio, watched the news on TV and had a subscription to
5 a national newspaper, but all themedia were completely censored at the time. The fact that
the
 newspaper was sometimes printed with a blank space or a cake recipe in the middle of the
news
 never really caugh my attencion. It was alwayslike that and I didn't know any better.
 I had my first glimpse of what it really meant to have a military government and what kind
 of things were going on through songs. There was a song that I liked a lot, O bêbado e a
10 equilibrista, although the lyrics didn't make much sense to me: "My Brazil... / that dreams of
the
 return / of Henfil's brother / and so many people that left / on rocket fins". Henfil was a famous
 cartoonist, but who was his brother? Who were the people who left? What were they singing
 about? This was in 1979 and I was 13.
 Thanks to this song by João Bosco and Aldir Blanc (sung by Elis Regina) and the questions I
15 started to ask, I heard for the first time about all the artists, journalists and activists that had
 been persecuted, imprisoned, tortured and exiled. Many had disappeared or been killed by the
 military regime. This song became an anthem for the amnesty of political prisioners and
activists 
 in exile, wich was announced later in the same year.
 In fact, due to the extreme censorship during the period of military dictatorship in Brazil, songs
20 were one of the few ways to send political messages. Despite the tight surveillance of the
censors,
 they flourished, giving a voice to the resistance movemente. Like Para não dizer que não falei
das
 flores, by Geraldo Vandré, which was interpreted as a call for armed struggle.
 Words and phrases with double meanings were used to escape censorship and persecution.
The
 greatest master in this art was Chico Buarque de Hollanda. His clever lyrics were often
approved
25 by the censors, who would only later realise what the songs were really about. But then, of
 course, it was too late. That was the case with Apesar de você, which was censored only after it
 had become an anthem on the streets. At first sight, it appears to be a samba about a
 lover's quarrel. Actually, it was a sharp critique of the authotitarian regime and an act of direct
 defiance aimed at the dictators.
30 With the advent of democracy and the new freedom of expression in the late 1980s, protest
 songs played less of a role in Brazil for a while, but in the 1990s they once again became a
 powerful channel to voice social discontent. One of the bands active in this period was O
Rappa, with
 the song A paz que eu não quero. The fight against social inequality, urban and police violence
 and racial discrimination are the most common themes. Nowadays, the lyrics are explicit and
the
 messages are clear.
GUIMARÃES, Mariângela. Disponível em: .
“Peace without a voice is no peace but fear” (title) is a line from the song A paz que eu não quero, by
the Brazilian band O Rappa. This line is an example of intertextuality.
The resource used by the author that signals this process of intertextuality is:
a) parody
b) summary
c) quotation
d) paraphrase
Gabarito:
C
Resolução:
(Resolução oficial)
O processo de intertextualidade se manifesta no título por meio de uma frase retirada da letra de
uma música. Essa frase aparece entre aspas, indicando o uso de uma citação.
Questão 17
Brazilian protest songs: "Peace without a voice is no peace but fear"
 I was born a year after the military coup in Brazil. The dictatorship that followed lasted from
 1964 until — all my childhood and teenage years. But untill I was 13 or 14 years old, I had
 no clue of what was going on in my country. I lived in a small town and my parents were not
 involved in politics. We listened to the radio, watched the news on TV and had a subscription to
5 a national newspaper, but all the media were completely censored at the time. The fact that
the
 newspaper was sometimes printed with a blank space or a cake recipe in the middle of the
news
 never really caugh my attencion. It was alwayslike that and I didn't know any better.
 I had my first glimpse of what it really meant to have a military government and what kind
 of things were going on through songs. There was a song that I liked a lot, O bêbado e a
10 equilibrista, although the lyrics didn't make much sense to me: "My Brazil... / that dreams of
the
 return / of Henfil's brother / and so many people that left / on rocket fins". Henfil was a famous
 cartoonist, but who was his brother? Who were the people who left? What were they singing
 about? This was in 1979 and I was 13.
 Thanks to this song by João Bosco and Aldir Blanc (sung by Elis Regina) and the questions I
15 started to ask, I heard for the first time about all the artists, journalists and activists that had
 been persecuted, imprisoned, tortured and exiled. Many had disappeared or been killed by the
 military regime. This song became an anthem for the amnesty of political prisioners and
activists 
 in exile, wich was announced later in the same year.
 In fact, due to the extreme censorship during the period of military dictatorship in Brazil, songs
20 were one of the few ways to send political messages. Despite the tight surveillance of the
censors,
 they flourished, giving a voice to the resistance movemente. Like Para não dizer que não falei
das
 flores, by Geraldo Vandré, which was interpreted as a call for armed struggle.
 Words and phrases with double meanings were used to escape censorship and persecution.
The
 greatest master in this art was Chico Buarque de Hollanda. His clever lyrics were often
approved
25 by the censors, who would only later realise what the songs were really about. But then, of
 course, it was too late. That was the case with Apesar de você, which was censored only after it
 had become an anthem on the streets. At first sight, it appears to be a samba about a
 lover's quarrel. Actually, it was a sharp critique of the authotitarian regime and an act of direct
 defiance aimed at the dictators.
30 With the advent of democracy and the new freedom of expression in the late 1980s, protest
 songs played less of a role in Brazil for a while, but in the 1990s they once again became a
 powerful channel to voice social discontent. One of the bands active in this period was O
Rappa, with
 the song A paz que eu não quero. The fight against social inequality, urban and police violence
 and racial discrimination are the most common themes. Nowadays, the lyrics are explicit and
the
 messages are clear.
GUIMARÃES, Mariângela. Disponível em: .
Besides describing the effect of the Brazilian political situation on the media, the first paragraph also
mentions that the author had no idea of this situation at the time.
The author’s complete lack of knowledge is best established by means of the following sentence:
a) I was born a year after the military coup in Brazil. (l. 1)
b) I had no clue of what was going on in my country. (l. 2-3)
c) all the media were completely censored at that time. (l. 5)
d) a cake recipe in the middle of the news never really caught my attention. (l. 6-7)
Gabarito:
C
Resolução:
(Resolução oficial)
A frase "I had no clue of what was going on in my country" (Eu não tinha a menor ideia do que estava
acontecendo em meu país) estabelece o total desconhecimento da autora acerca da situação política
do
Brasil na época de sua infância e adolescência.
Questão 18
Brazilian protest songs: "Peace without a voice is no peace but fear"
 I was born a year after the military coup in Brazil. The dictatorship that followed lasted from
 1964 until — all my childhood and teenage years. But untill I was 13 or 14 years old, I had
 no clue of what was going on in my country. I lived in a small town and my parents were not
 involved in politics. We listened to the radio, watched the news on TV and had a subscription to
5 a national newspaper, but all the media were completely censored at the time. The fact that
the
 newspaper was sometimes printed with a blank space or a cake recipe in the middle ofthe
news
 never really caugh my attencion. It was alwayslike that and I didn't know any better.
 I had my first glimpse of what it really meant to have a military government and what kind
 of things were going on through songs. There was a song that I liked a lot, O bêbado e a
10 equilibrista, although the lyrics didn't make much sense to me: "My Brazil... / that dreams of
the
 return / of Henfil's brother / and so many people that left / on rocket fins". Henfil was a famous
 cartoonist, but who was his brother? Who were the people who left? What were they singing
 about? This was in 1979 and I was 13.
 Thanks to this song by João Bosco and Aldir Blanc (sung by Elis Regina) and the questions I
15 started to ask, I heard for the first time about all the artists, journalists and activists that had
 been persecuted, imprisoned, tortured and exiled. Many had disappeared or been killed by the
 military regime. This song became an anthem for the amnesty of political prisioners and
activists 
 in exile, wich was announced later in the same year.
 In fact, due to the extreme censorship during the period of military dictatorship in Brazil, songs
20 were one of the few ways to send political messages. Despite the tight surveillance of the
censors,
 they flourished, giving a voice to the resistance movemente. Like Para não dizer que não falei
das
 flores, by Geraldo Vandré, which was interpreted as a call for armed struggle.
 Words and phrases with double meanings were used to escape censorship and persecution.
The
 greatest master in this art was Chico Buarque de Hollanda. His clever lyrics were often
approved
25 by the censors, who would only later realise what the songs were really about. But then, of
 course, it was too late. That was the case with Apesar de você, which was censored only after it
 had become an anthem on the streets. At first sight, it appears to be a samba about a
 lover's quarrel. Actually, it was a sharp critique of the authotitarian regime and an act of direct
 defiance aimed at the dictators.
30 With the advent of democracy and the new freedom of expression in the late 1980s, protest
 songs played less of a role in Brazil for a while, but in the 1990s they once again became a
 powerful channel to voice social discontent. One of the bands active in this period was O
Rappa, with
 the song A paz que eu não quero. The fight against social inequality, urban and police violence
 and racial discrimination are the most common themes. Nowadays, the lyrics are explicit and
the
 messages are clear.
GUIMARÃES, Mariângela. Disponível em: .
According to the author, Chico Buarque de Hollanda was an expert in the art of writing songs with
double meanings.
He did that with the following aim:
a) inflict torture
b) resist change
c) overcome failure
d) avoid repression
Gabarito:
D
Resolução:
(Resolução oficial)
Segundo o texto, Chico Buarque de Hollanda era especialista em escrever letras com duplo sentido
para escapar da censura e perseguição ("to escape censorship and persecution"). Esse objetivo pode
ser retomado por meio da expressão "avoid repression" – evitar a repressão.
Questão 19
Brazilian protest songs: "Peace without a voice is no peace but fear"
 I was born a year after the military coup in Brazil. The dictatorship that followed lasted from
 1964 until — all my childhood and teenage years. But untill I was 13 or 14 years old, I had
 no clue of what was going on in my country. I lived in a small town and my parents were not
 involved in politics. We listened to the radio, watched the news on TV and had a subscription to
5 a national newspaper, but all the media were completely censored at the time. The fact that
the
 newspaper was sometimes printed with a blank space or a cake recipe in the middle of the
news
 never really caugh my attencion. It was alwayslike that and I didn't know any better.
 I had my first glimpse of what it really meant to have a military government and what kind
 of things were going on through songs. There was a song that I liked a lot, O bêbado e a
10 equilibrista, although the lyrics didn't make much sense to me: "My Brazil... / that dreams of
the
 return / of Henfil's brother / and so many people that left / on rocket fins". Henfil was a famous
 cartoonist, but who was his brother? Who were the people who left? What were they singing
 about? This was in 1979 and I was 13.
 Thanks to this song by João Bosco and Aldir Blanc (sung by Elis Regina) and the questions I
15 started to ask, I heard for the first time about all the artists, journalists and activists that had
 been persecuted, imprisoned, tortured and exiled. Many had disappeared or been killed by the
 military regime. This song became an anthem for the amnesty of political prisioners and
activists 
 in exile, wich was announced later in the same year.
 In fact, due to the extreme censorship during the period of military dictatorship in Brazil, songs
20 were one of the few ways to send political messages. Despite the tight surveillance of the
censors,
 they flourished, giving a voice to the resistance movemente. Like Para não dizer que não falei
das
 flores, by Geraldo Vandré, which was interpreted as a call for armed struggle.
 Words and phrases with double meanings were used to escape censorship and persecution.
The
 greatest master in this art was Chico Buarque de Hollanda. His clever lyrics were often
approved
25 by the censors, who would only later realise what the songs were really about. But then, of
 course, it was too late. That was the case with Apesar de você, which was censored only after it
 had become an anthem on the streets. At first sight, it appears to be a samba about a
 lover's quarrel. Actually, it was a sharp critique of the authotitarian regime and an act of direct
 defiance aimed at the dictators.
30 With the advent of democracy and the new freedom of expression in the late 1980s, protest
 songs played less of a role in Brazil for a while, but in the 1990s they once again became a
 powerful channel to voice social discontent. One of the bands active in this period was O
Rappa, with
 the song A paz que eu não quero. The fight against social inequality, urban and police violence
 and racial discrimination are the most common themes. Nowadays, the lyrics are explicit and
the
 messages are clear.
GUIMARÃES, Mariângela. Disponível em: .
"At first sight, it appears to be a samba about a lover’s quarrel. Actually, it was a sharp critique of the
authoritarian regime" (l. 27-28)
If the two sentences above are rewritten as one, the result is:
a) It appears to be a samba about a lover’s quarrel, therefore it was a sharp critique of
the authoritarian regime.
b) As long as it appears to be a samba about a lover’s quarrel, it was a sharp critique of
the authoritarian regime.
c) It appears to be a samba about a lover’s quarrel, because it was a sharp critique of
the authoritarian regime.
d) Even though it appears to be a samba about a lover’s quarrel, it was a sharp critique of
the authoritarian regime.
Gabarito:
D
Resolução:
(Resolução oficial)
As duas frases do fragmento têm entre si uma relação de concessão. Portanto, para manter a mesma
noção ao serem reescritas como apenas uma frase, pode-se fazer uso do conectivo even though. Em
português, o resultado dessa reescritura seria "Apesar de parecer um samba sobre uma briga de
namorados, era uma crítica severa ao regime autoritário". 
Questão 20
Brazilian protest songs: "Peace without a voice is no peace but fear"
 I was born a year after the military coup in Brazil. The dictatorship that followed lasted from
 1964 until — all my childhood and teenage years. But untill I was 13 or 14 years old, I had
 no clue of what was going on in my country. I lived in a small town and my parents were not
 involved in politics. We listened to the radio, watched the news on TV and had a subscription to
5 a national newspaper, but all the media were completely censored at the time. The fact that