American English File 3A Book Second Edit

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<p>S E C O N D E D I T I O N</p><p>Student Book</p><p>Workbook</p><p>Christina Latham-Koenig</p><p>Clive Oxenden</p><p>OXFORD</p><p>American</p><p>ENGLISH FILE</p><p>Multi-Pack</p><p>American</p><p>ENGLISH FILE</p><p>Christina Latham-Koenig</p><p>Clive Oxenden</p><p>Paul Seligson and Clive Oxenden are the original co-authors of</p><p>English File 1 and English File 2</p><p>OXFORD</p><p>U N I V E R S I T Y P R E S S</p><p>Grammar Vocabulary Pronunciation</p><p>1</p><p>4 A Mood food simple present and continuous, action</p><p>and nonaction verbs</p><p>food and cooking vowel sounds</p><p>8 B Family life future forms: present continuous,</p><p>going to, will/ won't</p><p>Jg) each other</p><p>family, adjectives of</p><p>personality</p><p>sentence stress, word</p><p>stress, adjective endings</p><p>12 ■ < PRACTICAL ENGLISH Episode 1 Meeting the parents</p><p>2</p><p>14 A Spend or save? present perfect and simple past money the letter o</p><p>18 B Changing lives present perfect + for/since,</p><p>present perfect continuous</p><p>strong adjectives: exhausted,</p><p>amazed, etc.</p><p>sentence stress, stress</p><p>on strong adjectives</p><p>22 REVIEW & CHECK 1&2 On the street; Short movies Goodwill Industries</p><p>3</p><p>24 A Race across Miami comparatives and superlatives transportation /ʃ/, /dy, and It,f/, linking</p><p>28 B Stereotypes-or are they? articles: a/an, the, no article collocation: verbs /</p><p>adjectives + prepositions</p><p>/o/, sentence stress, /ðə/</p><p>or /Nil?</p><p>32 PRACTICAL ENGLISH Episode 2 A difficult celebrity</p><p>4</p><p>34 A Failure and success can, could, be able to</p><p>j/j) reflexive pronouns</p><p>-ed / -ing adjectives sentence stress</p><p>38 B Modern manners? modals of obligation: must, have to,</p><p>should</p><p>^5) should have</p><p>phone language silent consonants, linking</p><p>42 REVIEW & CHECK 3&4 M i On the street; Short movies Citi bikes</p><p>5</p><p>44 A Sports superstitions past tenses: simple, continuous,</p><p>perfect</p><p>sports hr/ and hr/</p><p>48 B Love at Exit 19 usually and used to relationships linking, the letters</p><p>52 ■ < PRACTICAL ENGLISH Episode 3 Old friends</p><p>104 Communication 132 Grammar Bank 165 Irregular verbs</p><p>113 Writing 152 Vocabulary Bank 166 Sound Bank</p><p>1 2 2 Listening</p><p>Contents</p><p>G simple present and continuous, action and nonaction verbs</p><p>V food and cooking</p><p>P vowel sounds</p><p>Do you drink</p><p>a lo t o f coffee?</p><p>1A Mood food</p><p>Yes, but I'm</p><p>trying to cut down</p><p>right now.</p><p>1 V O C A B U L A R Y food and cooking 3 L IS T E N IN G & S P E A K IN G</p><p>a Take the quiz in pairs.</p><p>FOOD QUIZ</p><p>Can you th in k of...?</p><p>o n e red fru it, o n e yellow fru it, o n e green fru it</p><p>t w o kinds o f food th a t some people are allergic to</p><p>t h r e e kinds o f food th a t come from milk</p><p>f o u r vegetables tha t you can put in a salad</p><p>f i v e containers tha t you can buy food in</p><p>s i x things th a t people sometimes have fo r breakfast</p><p>b > • p.152 Vocabulary Bank Food and cooking.</p><p>c 14))) Listen to these common adjectives to describe</p><p>food. Do you know what they mean? Then say one kind</p><p>o f food that we often use with each adjective.</p><p>canned fresh frozen low-fat raw spicy take-out</p><p>FOOD & EATING</p><p>1 Is there any food or drink that you</p><p>couldn’t live without? How often do you</p><p>eat/drink it?</p><p>2 Do you ever have</p><p>a ready-made food?</p><p>b take-out food? What kind?</p><p>3 What’s your favorite</p><p>a fruit?</p><p>b vegetable?</p><p>Are there any that you really don’t like?</p><p>*4 When you eat out do you usually order</p><p>meat, fish, or vegetarian?</p><p>□ What food do you usually eat</p><p>a when you're feeling a little down?</p><p>b before playing sports or exercising?</p><p>c before you have an exam or some</p><p>important work to do?</p><p>2 P R O N U N C IA T IO N vowel sounds</p><p>a Look at the eight sound pictures. What are the words and sounds?</p><p>1 1</p><p>squid chicken 5</p><p>spicy grilled " r r</p><p>sausage roast</p><p>chocolate box</p><p>2(p beef steamed 6 ®5"p\v</p><p>beans breakfast \</p><p>pork fork</p><p>boiled pour</p><p>grapes salmon 7 ( )</p><p>lamb cabbage ’Mqu</p><p>cook sugar</p><p>pudding food</p><p>44 r margarine carton 8 l l j spoon zucchini</p><p>fruit duck*@ "© jar warm ( C l j j</p><p>a 16))) Listen to five people talking. Each</p><p>person is answering one o f the questions in</p><p>Food & Eating above. Match each speaker</p><p>with a question.</p><p>[T\ Speaker A [__] Speaker D</p><p>I I SpeakerB Q SpeakerE</p><p>L J Speaker C</p><p>b Listen again and make notes about their</p><p>answers. Compare with a partner.</p><p>c Ask and answer the questions with a partner.</p><p>What do you have in common?</p><p>b</p><p>c</p><p>d</p><p>Look at the words in each list. Cross out the word that doesn’t</p><p>have the sound in the sound picture.</p><p>1 5))) Listen and check.</p><p>> - p.166 Sound Bank. Look at the typical</p><p>spellings o f the sounds in a.</p><p>4 R E A D IN G</p><p>a Are the foods in the list carbohydrates</p><p>or proteins? W ith a partner, think o f four</p><p>more kinds o f food for each category.</p><p>cake chicken pasta salmon</p><p>With a partner, answer the questions below</p><p>with either carbohydrates or proteins.</p><p>What kind o f food do you think it is better</p><p>to eat...?</p><p>• for lunch if you have an important exam</p><p>or meeting</p><p>• for breakfast</p><p>• for your evening meal</p><p>• if you are feeling stressed</p><p>Look at the title o f the article. What do you</p><p>think it means? Read the article once to</p><p>find out, and to check your answers to b.</p><p>Read the article again. Then with a partner,</p><p>say in your own words why the</p><p>following people are mentioned.</p><p>Give as much information as</p><p>you can.</p><p>1 Dr. Paul Clayton</p><p>J</p><p>people on diets</p><p>schoolchildren</p><p>Paul and Terry</p><p>Swiss researchers</p><p>Find adjectives in the article for the verbs</p><p>and nouns in the list. W hat’s the difference</p><p>between the two adjectives made from stress?</p><p>stress (noun) (x2) relax (verb) wake (verb)</p><p>sleep (verb) power (noun) benefit (noun)</p><p>Ask and answer the questions with a</p><p>partner.</p><p>1 What time of day do you usually eat protein</p><p>and carbohydrates? How do they make</p><p>you feel?</p><p>How often do you eat chocolate? Does it</p><p>make you feel happier?</p><p>After reading the article, is there anything</p><p>you would change about your eating habits?</p><p>We live in a stressful world, and daily life can sometimes</p><p>m ake us feel tired, stressed, or depressed. Some people go</p><p>to the doctor for help, others try alternative therapies, but</p><p>the place to find a cure could be somewhere completely</p><p>different: in the kitchen.</p><p>Dr. P au l Clayton, a food expert from Middlesex University, says</p><p>“The brain is affected by what you eat and drink, just like every</p><p>other part of your body. Certain types of food contain substances that</p><p>affect how you think and feel."</p><p>For example, food that is high in carbohydrates can make us feel more</p><p>relaxed. It also makes us feel happy. Research has shown that people on</p><p>diets often begin to feel a little depressed after two weeks because they</p><p>are eating fewer carbohydrates.</p><p>On the other hand, food that is rich in protein makes us feel awake and</p><p>focused. Research has shown that schoolchildren who eat a high-protein</p><p>breakfast often do better at school than children whose breakfast is</p><p>lower in protein. Also, eating the right kind of meal at lunchtime</p><p>can make a difference if you have an exam in the afternoon or a</p><p>business meeting where you need to make some quick decisions.</p><p>In an experiment for a TV show, two chess players, both former</p><p>champions, had different meals before playing each other. Paul</p><p>had a plate of prosciutto and salad (full of protein from the red</p><p>meat), and his opponent Terry had pasta with a creamy sauce (full</p><p>of carbohydrates). In the chess match Terry felt sleepy and took</p><p>much longer than Paul to make decisions about what moves to make.</p><p>The experiment was repeated several times with the same result.</p><p>Another powerful mood food could become a replacement</p><p>for some medications doctors prescribe for stress. In a</p><p>study, Swiss researchers discovered that eating one dark</p><p>chocolate candy bar (about 1.4 ounces) had beneficial</p><p>effects on highly stressed people. Not only did eating</p><p>the dark chocolate help reduce stress, it was also shown to</p><p>improve mood and reduce high blood pressure.</p><p>Why does chocolate make people less stressed? First, it</p><p>causes the body to reduce the level of the stress hormone</p><p>cortisol. Second, it reduces the “fight or flight” hormone—a hormone</p><p>that makes people want to start a fight or run away when they are very</p><p>stressed. In addition,</p><p>a man or a woman?</p><p>c p.137 Grammar Bank 3B. Learn more about articles and</p><p>practice them.</p><p>3 P R O N U N C IA T IO N</p><p>/ə/, sentence stress, /ðə/ or /di/?</p><p>a 2 20))) Listen and repeat the sound and words.</p><p>a about anniversary complain credible</p><p>problem talkative usually woman</p><p>b 2 21))) Listen and repeat the sentences. Then practice saying</p><p>them with the /ə/ sound.</p><p>ı What are we going to have for lunch to day?</p><p>2 i'd like to see a good movie to night.</p><p>3 Please stop complaining about the weather.</p><p>4 The woman in the kitchen is very talkative.</p><p>5 There’s a problem with the computer.</p><p>c 2 22)}) Listen and underline five phrases where the is pronounced</p><p>/di/ (not /ðə/). Why does the pronunciation change?</p><p>the movies the end the other day the world the sun</p><p>the Internet the kitchen the answer the Earth</p><p>4 S P E A K IN G</p><p>Prove that the research in Gossip with the girls? is wrong!</p><p>Work in pairs or small groups.</p><p>If you’re a woman, try to talk for two minutes about:</p><p>soccer cars computers</p><p>If you’re a man, try to talk for two minutes about:</p><p>fashion shopping your family</p><p>Online Practice 3B 29</p><p>A</p><p>d</p><p>ap</p><p>te</p><p>d</p><p>fr</p><p>om</p><p>t</p><p>h</p><p>e</p><p>D</p><p>ai</p><p>ly</p><p>M</p><p>ai</p><p>l</p><p>w</p><p>eb</p><p>si</p><p>te</p><p>A</p><p>d</p><p>ap</p><p>te</p><p>d</p><p>fr</p><p>om</p><p>t</p><p>h</p><p>e</p><p>N</p><p>ew</p><p>S</p><p>ci</p><p>e</p><p>n</p><p>tis</p><p>t</p><p>5 R E A D IN G & L IS T E N IN G</p><p>a Do you think it is a stereotype that women are better</p><p>than men at taking care o f small children? Do you</p><p>know any men who stay at home and take care of their</p><p>children? How do they manage?</p><p>b Look at an illustration based on a new book about</p><p>taking care o f young children. Can you name some of</p><p>the things in the picture?</p><p>d 2 23))) Listen to two men talking in the park</p><p>about the book and mark the sentences T (true)</p><p>or F (false).</p><p>1 Miranda is older than Stephen.</p><p>2 Miranda’s father slept badly the night before.</p><p>3 Stephen’s father recommends sleeping pills.</p><p>4 Stephen’s father hasn't read Commando Dad.</p><p>5 He likes the website because he enjoys reading about</p><p>other men’s experiences.</p><p>6 Stephen’s father really likes the book because it helps</p><p>him and makes him laugh.</p><p>7 In Commando Dad, BT means Baby Trooper and Base</p><p>Camp means the kitchen.</p><p>8 The author of Commando Dad thinks that women are</p><p>c Read the beginning o f an article about the book. Why</p><p>did Neil Sinclair write it? In what way is it different</p><p>from other books about raising children?</p><p>only better than men when the baby is small,</p><p>e Listen again and correct the wrong information.</p><p>F o r s ix y ea rs N eil S in cla ir served as a</p><p>commando in th e arm y. He had been in a</p><p>lot of dangerous situ ation s, but nothing</p><p>prepared him for th e day when he brought</p><p>h is f ir s t baby home from th e hospital.</p><p>“I put th e car seat containing m y tw o-day-</p><p>old son Sam uel down on th e floor and said to</p><p>m y w ife, ‘W hat do w e do now ?”</p><p>When he le ft th e a rm y Sin cla ir and his wife agreed</p><p>th a t he would sta y at home and tak e care of the baby,</p><p>while h is wife w ent back to work.</p><p>“I have done a lot of crazy th ings, but when I put</p><p>th a t baby down I thought: I have a tin y baby, and he is</p><p>crying. W hat does he w ant? W hat does he need? I did</p><p>not know. It was one of th e m ost difficult days of my</p><p>life.”</p><p>It was at th at moment th at Sin clair had an idea.</p><p>“I found m yself th in k in g how much easier life would</p><p>be if I had a basic tra in in g m anual for m y baby, like</p><p>the m anual you get when you jo in th e arm y. I realized</p><p>Adapted from The Times</p><p>th a t somebody needed to w rite such a m anual,</p><p>and who b etter to w rite it th a n m e? I had been a</p><p>commando, but I was now a stay-at-hom e dad. I was</p><p>th e m an for the job.”</p><p>His book, Commando Dad: Basic Training, is a set</p><p>of instructions th a t explains w ith m ilitary precision</p><p>and diagram s how new fa th ers should approach the</p><p>firs t th ree y ears of th eir child’s life to become a</p><p>first-rate father.</p><p>f Do you think it’s a good idea to have a book and a</p><p>website on childcare especially for men?</p><p>Why (not)?</p><p>Glossary</p><p>commando noun one of a group of soldiers who are trained to make</p><p>quick attacks in enemy areas</p><p>stay-at-home dad noun a man who stays at home and takes care of the</p><p>children while his wife goes to work</p><p>6 S P E A K IN G</p><p>a 2 24))) Listen to someone talking about</p><p>men and women, and fill in the blanks.</p><p>“Generally_______, I think women worry</p><p>more about their appearance than men.</p><p>They_______to spend hours choosing</p><p>what to wear, doing their hair, and putting</p><p>on makeup. Women are also_______</p><p>better at making themselves look more</p><p>attractive. But I think that in_______ , men</p><p>are more worried than women about their</p><p>body image. They feel more insecure about</p><p>their hair, for instance, especially when</p><p>they’re going bald.”</p><p>b In small groups discuss if the statements</p><p>about men and women are stereotypes or</p><p>true. Try to use the highlighted expressions</p><p>for generalizing from a.</p><p>MEN<d?WOMEN</p><p>stereotypes or true?</p><p>• Women worry more about their appearance than men.</p><p>• Women spend more time than men on social networking</p><p>sites.</p><p>• Men talk more about things; women talk more about people.</p><p>• Men are more interested than women in gadgets like</p><p>phones and tablets.</p><p>• Women are better at multitasking than men.</p><p>• Men find it more difficult than women to talk to their</p><p>friends or family if they have a problem.</p><p>• Women spend more time than men talking about</p><p>celebrities and their lifestyles.</p><p>• Men are more interested than women in power.</p><p>• Women are less interested in sports than men.</p><p>• Men worry more about their health than women.</p><p>THE BASICS</p><p>Survive the first 24 hours</p><p>Prepare and plan to prevent</p><p>poor parental performance</p><p>Maintain morale</p><p>Feed, clothe, transport and</p><p>entertain your troops</p><p>l=ROM BIRTH TO 3 /EARS</p><p>Foreword by Dr Jan M ager-Jones MB ChB</p><p>7 V O C A B U L A R Y</p><p>collocation: verbs / adjectives + prepositions</p><p>a Cover the statements above. Can you remember the missing</p><p>prepositions?</p><p>1 Men worry more___their health than women.</p><p>2 Women are better___multitasking than men.</p><p>3 Men are more interested than women___power.</p><p>b > - p.156 Vocabulary Bank Dependent prepositions.</p><p>P When are prepositions stressed?</p><p>Prepositions are usually only stressed when they are the</p><p>last word, e.g., in a question. Compare:</p><p>we need to ta lk about our vacation.</p><p>What are you talking about?</p><p>Freddie is afraid of flying.</p><p>What are you afraid of?</p><p>c Complete the questions with a preposition.</p><p>1 When you're with friends of the same sex, what do you usually</p><p>talk___?</p><p>2 Are there any sports or games that you’re good___?</p><p>3 Is there anything you're really looking forward___?</p><p>4 Who in your family are you closest___?</p><p>5 What kind of movies are you interested__ ?</p><p>6 Are there any animals or insects that you're afraid___?</p><p>7 What's your town famous___?</p><p>8 Are there any superstitions that you believe___?</p><p>d 2 27))) Listen and check. Then ask and answer the questions with</p><p>a partner.</p><p>Online Practice 3B 31</p><p>Practical Engli A difficult celebrity</p><p>ROB’S IN T E R V IE W</p><p>a 2 28))) Watch or listen to Rob interviewing</p><p>Kerri. What is she happy / not happy to talk</p><p>about?</p><p>b Watch or listen again. Mark the sentences</p><p>T (true) or F (false). Correct the F sentences.</p><p>1 Kerri’s song is about love.</p><p>2 Kerri plays in a band.</p><p>3 She used to go out with a member of</p><p>the band.</p><p>4 Only one of her parents was a musician.</p><p>5 Kerri started playing the guitar when she</p><p>was six.</p><p>6 Her new album is very different from the</p><p>previous ones.</p><p>7 She’s been recording and touring recently.</p><p>8 She’s going to give a big concert in</p><p>New York City.</p><p>32</p><p>2 ■ < G IV IN G O P IN IO N S</p><p>a 2 29))) Watch or listen to the conversation at lunch. What do they</p><p>disagree about?</p><p>b Watch or listen again. Answer the questions.</p><p>1 What does Kerri think about...?</p><p>a the waiters in New York City compared to London</p><p>b people in New' York City compared to London</p><p>2 Who agrees with Kerri? Who disagrees? What do they think?</p><p>3 Who calls Rob? What about?</p><p>VIDEO</p><p>c 2 30))) Look at some extracts from the</p><p>conversation. Can you remember any o f the</p><p>missing words?</p><p>Watch or listen and check.</p><p>1 Kerri ________ , I th ink people in London</p><p>are a lo t more easygoing. London’s</p><p>ju s t not as hectic as New York.</p><p>Don Sure, we all like peace and quiet.</p><p>But in m y _________, New York is</p><p>possibly... well, no, is defin ite ly the</p><p>g reatest c ity in the world.</p><p>Don’t yo u _________?</p><p>Kerri To b e _________ , I defin ite ly prefer</p><p>London.</p><p>Don Come on, Rob. You've lived in both.</p><p>What do yo u _________ ?</p><p>2 Don OK, I_________ , London has its</p><p>own peculiar charm. But i f y o u _____</p><p>me, nothing compares w ith a c ity</p><p>like New York. The whole world is</p><p>here!</p><p>Kerri But th a t ’s the problem. It’s too</p><p>big. There are too many people.</p><p>Everybody’s so stressed out. And</p><p>nobody has any tim e fo r you.</p><p>Jenny I don’t th ink th a t ’s _________ , Kerri.</p><p>New Yorkers are very friendly.</p><p>Kerri O h_________ , they can sound</p><p>friendly w ith all th a t “Have a nice</p><p>day” s tu ff.</p><p>d 2 3 1 ))) Watch or listen and repeat the</p><p>highlighted phrases. Copy the rhythm and</p><p>intonation.</p><p>e Practice the dialogues in c with a partner.</p><p>3 ■ < A S U R P R IS E FOR KERRI</p><p>a 2 3 2 ))) Watch or listen to the end o f the lunch.</p><p>Why is Kerri surprised?</p><p>O American and British English</p><p>cell phone = American English</p><p>mobile phone = British English</p><p>b Watch or listen again and complete the information.</p><p>1 Kerri thinks the waitress is friendly when they leave because</p><p>Don...</p><p>f m m i In small groups, practice giving</p><p>opinions. Discuss the following sentences.</p><p>2 Jenny is worried because she thinks Rob...</p><p>3 Kerri thinks that the taxi driver is very...</p><p>- The best place to live is in a big city.</p><p>- Riding a bike is the most practical way to</p><p>get around big cities.</p><p>- You only get good service in expensive</p><p>restaurants.</p><p>- It’s irritating when people in stores or</p><p>restaurants say Have a nice day!</p><p>c Look at the Social English phrases. Can you remember any of</p><p>the missing words?</p><p>Social English phrases</p><p>Jenny Did yo u _______ w hat you said in the restaurant, Rob?</p><p>Jenny It’s _______ that... you seemed homesick in there.</p><p>Rob Oh,_______ on a minute.</p><p>Rob Our tax i’s com e_______ .</p><p>Kerri That was s o _______ o f him!</p><p>d 2 33))) Watch or listen and complete the phrases.</p><p>e Watch or listen again and repeat the phrases. How do you say</p><p>them in your language?</p><p>^ Can you...?</p><p>interview someone or be interviewed</p><p>[ give your opinion about something</p><p>agree or disagree w ith o ther people’s opinions</p><p>Online Practice 33</p><p>G can, could, be able to</p><p>V -ed / -ing adjectives</p><p>P sentence stress</p><p>Can you</p><p>speak French?</p><p>4A Failure and success</p><p>No, I’ve</p><p>never been able</p><p>l to learn a foreign</p><p>language.</p><p>1 G R A M M A R can, could, be able to</p><p>a I f at first you don ’t succeed, try, try, try again is a</p><p>well-known saying. What does it mean?</p><p>More recently other people</p><p>have invented different ways</p><p>o f continuing the saying.</p><p>W hich one do you like best?</p><p>If at firs t you don’t succeed,</p><p>...give up</p><p>...blame your parents</p><p>...destroy all the evidence th a t you tried</p><p>...do it the way your m other to ld you to</p><p>...skydiving is no t fo r you</p><p>c Look at the definition o f be able to. What other verb is</p><p>it similar to?</p><p>be able to (do something) to have the ability, opportunity, time,</p><p>etc., to do something: Will you be able to come to the meeting next week?</p><p>d Read about three people who have tried (but failed) to</p><p>learn something, and complete the texts with A -G .</p><p>A I was able to</p><p>B Not being able to</p><p>C I just wasn’t able to</p><p>D I will never be able to</p><p>E I would suddenly be able to</p><p>F I've always wanted to be able to</p><p>G we would never be able to</p><p>e Read the article again. Why did they have problems?</p><p>Have they completely given up trying? Have you ever</p><p>tried to learn something and given up? Why?</p><p>f Look at phrases A -G again. What tense or form is</p><p>be ab le to in each one? What tenses or forms does</p><p>can have?</p><p>g >• p.138 Grammar Bank 4A . Learn more about can,</p><p>could, and be able to, and practice them.</p><p>h > - Communication Guess the sentence A p.105</p><p>B p.109.</p><p>ive never</p><p>been able to...</p><p>I really wanted to learn. Maybe it was because of that</p><p>scene in one of the very first James Bond movies, where a</p><p>beautiful actress comes out of the ocean looking fabulous,</p><p>with oxygen tanks on her back - I could see myself looking</p><p>just like her. So, two years ago I booked a vacation that</p><p>included a week-long intensive course. On the first day of</p><p>the course, I was incredibly excited. First, we had two hours</p><p>of theory, and then we went into the ocean to put it into</p><p>practice. But as soon as I went under the water, I discovered</p><p>that I suffered from claustrophobia. 1_________ do it. After</p><p>about half an hour I gave up. Every evening for the rest of</p><p>my vacation I had to listen to my scuba-diving classmates</p><p>talking about all the wonderful things they had seen that</p><p>day on their diving excursions.2_________ join in the</p><p>conversation was very frustrating.</p><p>I still love swimming and snorkeling, but I think that I have to</p><p>accept that3_________ scuba dive.</p><p>Bea, the US</p><p>b</p><p>4_________________ dance salsa, and when I was working in</p><p>Ecuador there were free classes, so I joined. But the art o f salsa</p><p>is to keep your arms still and move your hips, and I just couldn't</p><p>do it. When I hear music my arms start moving, but my hips</p><p>don't. After about ten hours o f classes 5_________________ do</p><p>the basic steps, but I was dancing like a robot! I d idn't give up,</p><p>but soon everyone in the class was dancing, and I was just</p><p>slowly moving from side to side and counting out loud “one,</p><p>two, three, four.” It was a little embarrassing. I was sure that one</p><p>day6_________________ do it - but that never happened. I can</p><p>still remember the first two steps, and I still try to dance when I</p><p>hear a salsa tune - as long as nobody is watching!</p><p>Sean, Canada</p><p>...speak Japanese</p><p>love manga - Japanese comics - and I tried to learn Japanese,</p><p>but I found it incredibly difficult, and I gave up after two years.</p><p>I think Asian languages, which have symbols instead o f words,</p><p>are extremely hard to learn for people who are more used to</p><p>Roman letters. Also my teacher, a Japanese woman, didn't speak</p><p>Spanish very well, which didn't help! She was a very charming</p><p>woman, but she was a little disappointed with us, and you could</p><p>see that she thought tha t7_________________ learn. However,</p><p>one day she invited us to dinner and gave us some delicious</p><p>traditional Japanese food, and since then I often go to Japanese</p><p>restaurants. So I learned to love the food, if not to speak the</p><p>language!</p><p>2 P R O N U N C IA T IO N sentence stress</p><p>a 2 36))) Listen and repeat the sentences. Copy the</p><p>rhythm.</p><p>ı i d love to be able to ski.</p><p>2 w e won’t be able to come.</p><p>3 iv e never been able to dance.</p><p>4 s h e hates not be ing able to drive.</p><p>b 2 37))) Listen again. Make new sentences with the</p><p>verbs or verb phrases you hear.</p><p>))) I’d love to be able to ski Ride a horse</p><p>I'd love to be able to ride a horse.</p><p>We won’t be able to come. Park</p><p>We won't be able to park.</p><p>3 S P E A K IN G</p><p>a Look at the topics. Choose two or three and think</p><p>about what you could say for them.</p><p>Something you’ve tried to learn, but have never been</p><p>able to do well.</p><p>Something you learned to do a fte r a lo t o f e ffo rt.</p><p>Something you can do, but you'd like to be able to</p><p>do better.</p><p>Something new th a t you would like to be able to do.</p><p>Something you are learning to do and th a t you hope you’ll</p><p>soon be able to do well.</p><p>Something you th ink all young people should be able to do</p><p>before they leave school.</p><p>b Work with a partner. Tell him / her about the things</p><p>you chose in a . Give reasons or explanations for</p><p>each one.</p><p>/’ve never been able to ski and now I don't think lit ever learn.</p><p>I always wanted to learn, but I don't live near mountains...</p><p>Joaquin, Argentina</p><p>Online Practice 4A 35</p><p>4 V O C A B U L A R Y -ed / -ing adjectives</p><p>a Look at the photo. Complete the sentences with</p><p>bored or boring.</p><p>1 The movie was_______ .</p><p>2 The audience was_______</p><p>.</p><p>P -edand -ing adjectives</p><p>Many adjectives for feelings have two possible</p><p>forms, either ending in -ed or in -ing, e.g.,</p><p>frustrated and frustrating.</p><p>We use the adjective ending in -ed for the person</p><p>who has the feeling (I was very frustrated that I</p><p>couldn't scuba dive). We use the adjective ending</p><p>in -ing for a person or situation that produces the</p><p>feeling (/ couldn’t join in the conversation, which</p><p>was very frustrating).</p><p>b Read the information box. Then complete the</p><p>adjectives with -ed or -ing.</p><p>1 What do you think is the most excit___sport</p><p>to watch?</p><p>2 What's the most amaz___scenery you've</p><p>ever seen?</p><p>3 What music do you listen to if you feel</p><p>depress___?</p><p>4 Have you ever been disappoint___by a</p><p>birthday present?</p><p>5 Which do you find more tir___, speaking</p><p>English or listening to English?</p><p>6 What's the most em barrass___thing that’s</p><p>ever happened to you?</p><p>7 Are you scare___ of spiders?</p><p>8 Do you feel very tir___in the morning?</p><p>9 Who’s the most bor___person you know?</p><p>10 Do you ever get frustrat___by technology?</p><p>c 2 38))) Listen and check. Underline the stressed</p><p>syllable in the adjectives.</p><p>d Ask and answer the questions in pairs. Ask for</p><p>more information.</p><p>5 R E A D IN G & S P E A K IN G</p><p>a Do you know anybody who speaks more than two</p><p>languages? W hich languages do they speak? How did</p><p>they learn?</p><p>b 2 39))) You are going to read an article about Alex Rawlings,</p><p>who speaks 11 languages. Before you read, match the</p><p>languages below with words 1 -11 . Then listen and check.</p><p>□□</p><p>m□</p><p>English</p><p>Spanish</p><p>Afrikaans</p><p>Catalan</p><p>LH Greek</p><p>□ Russian</p><p>LH French</p><p>□ Italian</p><p>□ German</p><p>J Dutch</p><p>□ Hebrew</p><p>c Read the article. W hich language(s)...?</p><p>1 did he learn as a child</p><p>2 is he studying in college</p><p>3 does he like best</p><p>4 is he planning to learn next</p><p>5 did he wish he had been able to speak when he was a child</p><p>6 was the first one he taught himself</p><p>7 did he find the most difficult</p><p>He’s only 20,</p><p>but he can speak</p><p>eleven languages</p><p>oo<>oc«oo<x>«<x>oooooooooooo<x>ooo<>ooc>oooc->oocK>oooc<i<>o<x>oo<>ooo<>««<x>o<>oo««eoo<>oo<>coooooooooooc><x>ooooooc>oocooooo<><x><>o<>oo<><>ooo<>ooo««o<>o««o</p><p>In a competition run by a dictionary publisher,</p><p>college student Alex Rawlings was named the</p><p>most multilingual student.</p><p>T h e G e rm a n a n d R u s s ia n s tu d e n t , w h o is o n ly 20 y e a r s</p><p>o ld , c a n s p e a k 11 la n g u a g e s f lu e n t ly . In a v id e o fo r a n e w s</p><p>w e b s ite , he d e m o n s t r a t e d h is s k i l l s by s p e a k in g in a ll o f</p><p>th e m , c h a n g in g q u ic k ly f ro m o n e to a n o th e r . R a w lin g s s a id</p><p>th a t w in n in g th e c o m p e t it io n w a s “a b it o f a s h o c k . " H e</p><p>e x p la in e d , “ I s a w th e c o m p e t it io n a d v e r t is e d , a n d I h e a rd</p><p>s o m e th in g a b o u t a f r e e iP a d . 1 n e v e r im a g in e d th a t it w o u ld</p><p>g e n e ra te t h is a m o u n t o f m e d ia a t te n t io n .”</p><p>A s a c h i ld , R a w lin g s ' m o th e r, w h o is h a lf G re e k , u s e d to</p><p>s p e a k to h im in E n g lis h , G re e k , a n d F re n ch , a n d h e o f te n</p><p>v is it e d h is fa m ily in G re e c e .</p><p>H e s a id th a t h e h a s a lw a y s b e e n in te re s te d in la n g u a g e s .</p><p>“ M y d a d w o rk e d in J a p a n fo r fo u r y e a r s , a n d I w a s a lw a y s</p><p>f r u s t r a t e d th a t I c o u ld n 't s p e a k to th e k id s b e c a u s e o f th e</p><p>la n g u a g e b a r r ie r .” A f te r v is it in g H o lla n d a t th e a g e o f 14 , he</p><p>d e c id e d to le a rn D u tch w ith C D s a n d b o o k s . “ W h e n I w en t</p><p>b a c k I c o u ld t a lk to p e o p le . It w a s g re a t . ”</p><p>H e ta u g h t h im s e lf m a n y o f th e la n g u a g e s w ith “ te a c h</p><p>y o u r s e lf ” b o o k s , b u t a ls o by w a tc h in g m o v ie s , l is t e n in g to</p><p>m u s ic , a n d t r a v e lin g to th e c o u n t r ie s t h e m s e lv e s .</p><p>36 4A</p><p>A</p><p>d</p><p>ap</p><p>te</p><p>d</p><p>fr</p><p>om</p><p>C</p><p>he</p><p>rw</p><p>el</p><p>l.o</p><p>rg</p><p>d Look at the highlighted words and phrases related to</p><p>language learning, and figure out their meaning from</p><p>the context. Then ask and answer the questions with</p><p>a partner.</p><p>1 Can you or anyone in your family speak another</p><p>language fluently?</p><p>2 Do you know any basic phrases in any other</p><p>languages?</p><p>3 Do you have a personal link to another country or</p><p>language? Why?</p><p>4 Have you ever traveled to another country and felt that</p><p>there was a real language barrier?</p><p>5 What other languages would you like to be able to</p><p>O f a ll th e la n g u a g e s h e s p e a k s , R a w lin g s s a y s th a t</p><p>R u s s ia n , w h ic h h e h a s b e e n le a rn in g fo r a y e a r a n d a</p><p>h a lf , is th e h a rd e s t . H e s a id , “T h e re s e e m to b e m o re</p><p>e x c e p t io n s th a n ru le s ! " H e a d d e d , “ I e s p e c ia l ly lik e</p><p>G re e k b e c a u s e I th in k it ’ s b e a u t ifu l a n d , b e c a u s e o f m y</p><p>m o th e r , I h a v e a s t ro n g p e r s o n a l lin k to th e c o u n try a n d</p><p>to th e la n g u a g e ."</p><p>“ E v e ry o n e s h o u ld le a rn la n g u a g e s , e s p e c ia l ly i f th e y</p><p>t ra v e l a b ro a d . If you m a k e th e e f fo r t to le a rn e v e n th e</p><p>m o s t b a s ic p h r a s e s w h e re v e r you g o , it in s ta n t ly s h o w s</p><p>th e p e r s o n y o u 're s p e a k in g to t h a t you r e s p e c t h is o r</p><p>h e r c u ltu re . G o in g a ro u n d s p e a k in g E n g lis h lo u d ly a n d</p><p>g e t t in g f r u s t r a te d w ith p e o p le is t a c t le s s a n d ru d e .”</p><p>T h e n e x t la n g u a g e R a w lin g s h o p e s to le a rn is A ra b ic ,</p><p>b u t “ o n ly o n c e I've f in is h e d m y d e g re e a n d g o t s o m e</p><p>m o re t im e o n m y h a n d s . Fo r now I n e e d to c o n c e n t ra te on</p><p>m y G e rm a n a n d R u s s ia n , s o I c a n p re p a re fo r m y f in a ls ."</p><p>G lossary</p><p>Afrikaans a language that has developed from Dutch,</p><p>spoken in South Africa</p><p>Catalan a language spoken in parts of northern Spain and</p><p>southern France</p><p>fin a ls the last exams that students take in college</p><p>e Read the grammar information box. Then complete</p><p>1 -5 with a reflexive pronoun.</p><p>P Reflexive pronouns</p><p>He taught himself many of the languages with "teach</p><p>yourself" books.</p><p>We use reflexive pronouns (myself, yourself, himself,</p><p>herself, itself, ourselves, yourselves, themselves) when</p><p>the object of a verb is the same as the subject, e.g., He</p><p>taught himself Russian. = He was his own teacher.</p><p>We also use reflexive pronouns to emphasize the subject</p><p>of an action, e.g., We painted the kitchen ourselves.</p><p>1 I always test________ on new vocabulary. It’s a good</p><p>way to remember it.</p><p>2 My uncle built the house________ . It took him</p><p>three years.</p><p>3 This light is automatic. It turns________ on and off.</p><p>4 Did you fix the computer________ ? Good job!</p><p>5 My sister’s so vain! Every time she passes a mirror, she</p><p>looks at________ in it!</p><p>6 L IS T E N IN G & S P E A K IN G</p><p>a 2 40))) You’re going to listen to six advanced students</p><p>o f English giving a tip that has helped them to learn.</p><p>Listen once and complete their tip. Then compare your</p><p>notes with a partner.</p><p>TIP 6: Listen to as many______as</p><p>possible in English, and then</p><p>___________________ them</p><p>b Listen again. Try to add more details about each tip.</p><p>c Talk to a partner.</p><p>• Do you already do any o f these things?</p><p>• Which do you think is the best tip?</p><p>• Which tip could you easily put into practice? Try it!</p><p>• What other things do you do to improve your English</p><p>outside class (e.g., visit chat websites, listen to</p><p>audio books)?</p><p>Online Practice 4A 37</p><p>TIP 5: Book yourself a ______in</p><p>an______-____________ .</p><p>TIP 4: Get a ____________ app for</p><p>your phone.</p><p>TIP 3: Try to find an English-speaking</p><p>______or______ .</p><p>TIP 2: Do things that you______</p><p>______, but in English.</p><p>TIP 1 : Change the language to English on all</p><p>th e ______ you have, for example on</p><p>your______, o r______, o r______ .</p><p>G modals o f obligation: must, have to, should</p><p>V phone language</p><p>P silent consonants, linking</p><p>4B Modern manners?</p><p>Do I have</p><p>to bring a</p><p>present?</p><p>Yes,</p><p>I think you</p><p>probably</p><p>should.</p><p>1 V O C A B U L A R Y & S P E A K IN G</p><p>phone language</p><p>a 2 4 1 ))) Listen and match the</p><p>phone sentences with the sounds.</p><p>a D He's dialing a number.</p><p>B [ She's texting / messaging a friend.</p><p>C □ She just hungup.</p><p>D □ She's choosing a new ringtone.</p><p>e D He’s calling back.</p><p>f D She left a message on his voicemail.</p><p>g D The line’s busy.</p><p>b Can you explain what these are?</p><p>Skype a screensaver silent / vibrate mode</p><p>quiet zones instant messaging</p><p>c Use the questionnaire to interview another</p><p>student. Ask for more information.</p><p>G R A M M A R</p><p>modals o f obligation: must, have to, should</p><p>Read the extract from Debrett’s guide to cell phone</p><p>etiquette. Then talk to a partner about questions 1 -4 .</p><p>1 Do you agree with what Debrett’s says?</p><p>2 Do you ever do any of these things?</p><p>3 Are they a problem where you live?</p><p>4 Are there any other things people do with their phones that</p><p>annoy you?</p><p>Debrett's, a well-known publisher, has been producing</p><p>guides on how people should behave since the 1900s,</p><p>including Debrett’s Etiquette and Modern Manners and The</p><p>English Gentleman. Nowadays it still offers advice on what</p><p>(and what not) to do in social situations.</p><p>YOU AND YOUR PHONE</p><p>I W hat brand is your phone? How long</p><p>have you had it?</p><p>j Would you like to get a new one?</p><p>W hy (not)?</p><p>I W hat ringtone do you have?</p><p>j W hat do you use your phone for (apart</p><p>from talking)?</p><p>I Where and when do you usually turn off</p><p>your cell phone?</p><p>Have you ever...?</p><p>• lost your phone</p><p>• sent a message to the wrong person</p><p>• forgotten to turn your phone off</p><p>(with embarrassing consequences)</p><p>D E B R E T T ’ S</p><p>guide to</p><p>cell phone etiquette</p><p>1 Think what your ringtone says about you</p><p>I f you're sometimes embarrassed by your ringtone, it's</p><p>almost certainly the wrong one and you should change it.</p><p>2 W hen in doubt, use silent or vibrate m ode</p><p>It may surprise your companions when you suddenly</p><p>answer an invisible, silent phone, but at least they won't</p><p>have to listen to your ringtone.</p><p>3 Take notice o f who is around you</p><p>Make sure your conversation is not disturbing other people.</p><p>Intimate conversations are never appropriate in front</p><p>of others.</p><p>38</p><p>b Read the text again. Match the highlighted phrases</p><p>with their meaning. Two o f the phrases match the</p><p>same meaning.</p><p>A You don’t need to do this. It isn't necessary.</p><p>B Don’t do this. It isn’t allowed / permitted.</p><p>C It’s necessary or required to do this.</p><p>D It’s a good idea to do this.</p><p>c >• p.139 Grammar Bank 4B. Learn more about must,</p><p>have to, and should, and practice them.</p><p>4 Respect quiet zones</p><p>You must not use your phone in quiet zones on trains or in</p><p>hotels. That is the reason why they exist.</p><p>5 N ever shout</p><p>Your phone is not a megaphone. You don’t have to shout.</p><p>And don’t shout because you think reception is poor. It</p><p>won’t make any difference.</p><p>6 People with you deserve m ore attention</p><p>than those at the end o f a phone</p><p>Wherever possible, turn off your phone in social situations</p><p>and at mealtimes, or put it on vibrate. I f you have to keep</p><p>your phone on because you are expecting an important call,</p><p>apologize in advance.</p><p>7 D on’t continue on with phone conversations</p><p>when you are in the m iddle o f something else</p><p>This is especially true if you are in banks, stores, etc. It is</p><p>insulting not to give the people who are serving you your</p><p>full attention.</p><p>8 Think about where you are calling from</p><p>Don’t make (or receive) calls in inappropriate places. Put</p><p>your phone on vibrate in meetings, movies, etc. I f you</p><p>must take a call in the car, use a hands-free set.</p><p>Adapted from D eb re tt's M odern Manners</p><p>3 P R O N U N C IA T IO N &</p><p>S P E A K IN G</p><p>silent consonants, linking</p><p>a Each o f the words in the list has a silent</p><p>consonant or consonants. W ith a partner,</p><p>cross out the silent letters.</p><p>shoigld ta lk wrong listen half dishonest</p><p>knowledge design whole rhythm doubt</p><p>foreign calm island</p><p>b 2 46))) Listen and check.</p><p>c 2 47))) L isten and repeat the sentences.</p><p>Try to copy the rhythm and to link the</p><p>marked words.</p><p>1 You must t u r n j j f f your p h o n e ^ rc it i</p><p>p la n e .</p><p>2 You shouidj)nly call himjrLan^</p><p>emergency.</p><p>3 we h a v e to leavQ _?up leven .</p><p>4 y o u m u s t n o t j ) p e n j ) t h e r p e o p le ’s ^</p><p>e m a ils .</p><p>5 You s h o u ld n ’f j t a l k lo u d ly o r\^ c e l l</p><p>p h o n e .</p><p>d Read the definition o f m anners. T hen</p><p>make sentences using shou ld / shou ldn ’t for</p><p>som ething that you think is a question o f</p><p>m anners, and w ith must / must n ot / have to</p><p>for som ething that is a law or rule.</p><p>manners pi noun a way ofbehaving that is</p><p>considered acceptable in your country or culture</p><p>■ turn o ff your phone in a theater</p><p>■ talk loudly on your phone in public</p><p>■ send text messages when you are</p><p>driving</p><p>■ reply to a message on your phone</p><p>w hile you are talking to somebody</p><p>face-to-face</p><p>■ p lay noisy games on a phone in public</p><p>■ use your phone at a gas station</p><p>■ video people on your phone w ithout</p><p>their permission</p><p>■ set your phone to silent mode on a train</p><p>■ send or receive texts at the movies</p><p>■ turn o ff your phone on a plane during</p><p>take-off and landing</p><p>Online Practice ■ 4B 39</p><p>4 R E A D IN G</p><p>a Imagine that you have been invited to visit your</p><p>partner’s family. Think of three things that you feel</p><p>would be bad manners to do.</p><p>b Read the article. Did Heidi do any o f those things?</p><p>W hat did she do wrong (according to Mrs. Bourne)?</p><p>Whose side would you take?</p><p>News online</p><p>Two sides to every story</p><p>By NEWS ONLINE Reporter</p><p>Everyone knows it can be difficult to get along with your in-laws,</p><p>but for 29-year-old Heidi Withers, it may now be impossible.</p><p>Heidi was invited to spend the weekend with her fiance Freddie's</p><p>family at their house. But soon after they returned home, Heidi</p><p>received a very nasty email from Carolyn Bourne, Freddie's</p><p>stepmother, criticizing her manners.</p><p>Here are a few examples of your lack of manners:</p><p>• When you are a guest in another person’s house, you</p><p>should not declare what you will and will not eat - unless</p><p>you are allergic to something.</p><p>• You should not say that you do not have enough food.</p><p>• You should not start before everyone else.</p><p>• You should not take extra helpings without being invited to</p><p>by your host.</p><p>• You should not lie in bed until late morning.</p><p>• You should have sent a handwritten note after the visit.</p><p>You have never written to thank me when you have stayed.</p><p>Heidi was shocked, and immediately sent the email on to</p><p>some of her close friends. Surprised and amused, the friends</p><p>forwarded it to other people, and soon the email had been</p><p>posted on several websites, with thousands of people writing</p><p>comments about the mother-in-law.</p><p>Adapted from the Daily Mail website</p><p>should have</p><p>We use should have to talk about something that</p><p>happened in the past that you think was wrong, e.g., You</p><p>should have written me a thank-you letter. = you didn’t</p><p>write to me. I think this was wrong.</p><p>d Now read some o f the comments that were posted on</p><p>the Internet. Write H next to the ones that support</p><p>Heidi and C next to the ones that support Carolyn.</p><p>1</p><p>2</p><p>3</p><p>4</p><p>5</p><p>6</p><p>7</p><p>e Write your own comment. Then compare with a</p><p>partner. Do you agree?</p><p>f > - Communication The big day p.105. Read about what</p><p>Heidi and Freddie did next.</p><p>Mrs. Bourne says Heidi should have sent a handwritten</p><p>thank-you note... however, she sends this letter by email!</p><p>We are in the 21st century. Nobody sends handwritten</p><p>letters anymore. 07/13/2011 6:52 p.m.</p><p>Why do we hear nothing about Freddie’s role in all this?</p><p>Why didn't he prepare Heidi? He must know what his</p><p>stepmother is like. He could also have prepared his</p><p>family by telling them about any eating problems his</p><p>girlfriendhas.</p><p>07/13/2011 4:25 p. m.</p><p>The email was a private communication. I don't think</p><p>Heidi should have sent it on to her friends. It makes</p><p>me think that Mrs. Bourne might be right about her bad</p><p>manners. 07/13/2011 12:40 p.m.</p><p>The stepmother seems to be extremely jealous of Heidi.</p><p>Maybe she wants to keep Freddie all to herself. If I were</p><p>Heidi, I would leave him. 07/12/2011 10:15 a.m.</p><p>The mother-in-law may have a few good points, but she</p><p>should have spoken to Heidi face-to-face, and not sent</p><p>her an email. 07/11/2011 6:50 p.m.</p><p>I think that the one with the extremely bad manners is</p><p>Mrs. Bourne. 07/11/2011 2:10 p.m.</p><p>Mrs. Bourne, I agree with every word you say. Young</p><p>people just don't have any manners nowadays. I hope</p><p>Freddie comes to his senses and finds someone better.</p><p>07/11/2011 9:48 a.m.</p><p>40 4B</p><p>c Find words or phrases in the article that m ean...</p><p>1 _________ noun a man to whom you are going to</p><p>be married</p><p>2 _________ adj unpleasant</p><p>3 _________ verb saying what is bad or wrong with</p><p>somebody or something</p><p>4 _________ noun not having enough of something</p><p>5 _________ noun a person who you invite to your house</p><p>6 _________ noun a person who receives a visitor</p><p>7 _________ verb sent an email or message you received</p><p>to another person</p><p>5 L IS T E N IN G 6 S P E A K IN G</p><p>a 2 48))) Listen to Caroline Halloran, who</p><p>is dating Jason Win, talking about the</p><p>differences between Burmese manners and</p><p>American manners. What was their problem</p><p>when they firs t met? How have they managed</p><p>to solve their differences about manners?</p><p>In groups, talk about each thing in the G ood Manners? questionnaire.</p><p>Do you think it’s good manners, bad manners, or not important /</p><p>not necessary. Why?</p><p>I think it's very rude to criticize the</p><p>food if you are in somebody’s house.</p><p>b Listen again and mark the sentences T (true)</p><p>or F (false).</p><p>1 Jason thought Caroline was rude when she</p><p>asked him to hang out with her.</p><p>2 In Burma it's OK to spend time alone with</p><p>someone at the beginning of a romantic</p><p>relationship.</p><p>3 Burmese culture is not as open as American</p><p>culture is.</p><p>4 Jason wrote long responses to Caroline’s</p><p>Facebook romantic posts.</p><p>5 Caroline wants Jason to stop bragging about</p><p>their relationship to his friends and family.</p><p>6 Jason sometimes gets confused about good</p><p>and bad manners in the US.</p><p>7 Caroline and Jason don't argue about</p><p>manners anymore.</p><p>c W hat would people from your country do in</p><p>these situations?</p><p>I think it depends. It’s OK if you know the person</p><p>very well or i f i t ’s a member o f your family...</p><p>7 2 49))) SONG You Can’t Hurry Love Jl</p><p>WHEN YOU ARE INVITED TO</p><p>SOMEBODY’S HOUSE...</p><p>] criticize the food (e.g., if it is too</p><p>cold, salty, etc.)</p><p>] take a present</p><p>j write an email to say thank you</p><p>] arrive more than ten minutes late</p><p>for lunch or dinner</p><p>WHEN GREETING PEOPLE...</p><p>I use more formal language</p><p>when speaking to an</p><p>older person</p><p>□ kiss a woman on the</p><p>cheek when you meet her</p><p>for the first time</p><p>] use your partner's</p><p>parents' first names</p><p>WHEN YOU ARE HAVING A</p><p>MEAL WITH FRIENDS IN A</p><p>RESTAURANT...</p><p>] leave your cell phone on silent on</p><p>the table in front of you</p><p>1 answer or send a text or message</p><p>1 make a phone call</p><p>MEN AND WOMEN-</p><p>A MAN’S ROLE...</p><p>1 pay for the meal on a</p><p>first date</p><p>□ wait for a woman to go</p><p>through the door first</p><p>□ accompany a</p><p>woman home</p><p>ON SOCIAL NETWORKING</p><p>SITES...</p><p>] post a private message or</p><p>conversation on an Internet site</p><p>] post an embarrassing photo</p><p>or video clip of a friend without</p><p>asking his or her permission</p><p>] post all the details of your break­</p><p>up with a partner</p><p>Online Practice 4B 41</p><p>3&4 Review and Check</p><p>G R A M M A R</p><p>(Circle)a, b, or c.</p><p>1 I walk to work. It's______ than driving.</p><p>a healthyer b as healthy c healthier</p><p>2 Riding a bike isn't______ people think.</p><p>a as dangerous as b as dangerous than</p><p>c so dangerous than</p><p>3 This is______ time of day for traffic jams.</p><p>a the most bad b the worse c the worst</p><p>4 My wife is a much safer driver than______ .</p><p>a 1 b me c my</p><p>5 W hat______beautiful day!</p><p>a a b - c an</p><p>6 I never drink coffee after______ dinner.</p><p>a - b the c an</p><p>7 ______ are usually good language learners.</p><p>a The women b Women c Woman</p><p>8 We’ve decided to visit Peru______ .</p><p>a the next summer b next summer</p><p>c the summer next</p><p>9 We won’t ______ come to the party.</p><p>a can b be able c be able to</p><p>10 When he was five he______ already swim.</p><p>a can b could c was able</p><p>11 My mother has never______ cook well.</p><p>a been able to b could c be able to</p><p>12 Entrance is free. You______ pay anything.</p><p>a don’t have to b must not c shouldn't</p><p>13 I’l l______ work harder if I want to pass.</p><p>a must b should c have to</p><p>14 I don't think I ______ have a dessert. I’ve</p><p>already eaten too much!</p><p>a must b should c have to</p><p>15 You______ turn on your phone until the</p><p>plane has landed.</p><p>a don’t have to b must not c shouldn’t</p><p>V O C A B U L A R Y</p><p>a Complete with a preposition.</p><p>1 We arrived______Vancouver at 5:30.</p><p>2 I apologized______ being late.</p><p>3 I’m not very interested______ horror movies.</p><p>4 My son is good______ speaking languages.</p><p>5 This song reminds me______ my vacation.</p><p>b Complete the compound nouns.</p><p>1 Slow down! The speed______ on this road is 55 mph, not 65 mph.</p><p>2 I won’t start the car until you have all put on your seat______ .</p><p>3 It’s not a good town for bike riders - there are very few</p><p>bicycle______.</p><p>4 Try to avoid using the subway during______ hour - between 8:00</p><p>and 9:30 in the morning.</p><p>5 There’s a taxi______ right next to the train station.</p><p>c Complete with the right word.</p><p>1 We were late because we got s______ in a terrible traffic jam.</p><p>2 I'm moving into a new apartment next week. I've rented a v______</p><p>so that I can take all my things there.</p><p>3 The next train to New Haven is now waiting at pi______ 5.</p><p>4 We’re going to s______ off early because we want to get to the</p><p>hotel before it gets dark.</p><p>5 How long does it t______ to get from here to the airport?</p><p>d (Circle) the right adjective.</p><p>1 The game ended 0 -0 . It was really bored / boring.</p><p>2 It was the most amazed / amazing experience I’ve ever had.</p><p>3 We’re very excited / exciting about our vacation!</p><p>4 I’m a little disappointed / disappointing with my exam results.</p><p>5 This show is too depressed / depressing. Turn it off.</p><p>e Complete the missing words.</p><p>1 I’m not in right now. Please 1______ a message.</p><p>2 The line’s b______ . Please hold.</p><p>3 I was in the middle o f talking to him, and he just h______up!</p><p>4 1 love the scr______ on your phone. Is it a photo of your kids?</p><p>5 I hate it when people have really loud r______ on their cell phones!</p><p>P R O N U N C IA T IO N</p><p>b Underline the stressed syllable.</p><p>1 free way 3 pe des tri an 5 em barr ass ing</p><p>2 dis a ppoint ed 4 vi brate</p><p>42</p><p>1</p><p>2</p><p>3</p><p>4</p><p>5</p><p>language want manners traffic</p><p>the moon the sun the beginning the end</p><p>watch cheap machine each</p><p>should crash permission gossip</p><p>change message argue apologize</p><p>(Circle)the word with a different sound.</p><p>A</p><p>da</p><p>pt</p><p>ed</p><p>fr</p><p>om</p><p>T</p><p>he</p><p>N</p><p>ew</p><p>Y</p><p>or</p><p>k</p><p>Ti</p><p>m</p><p>es</p><p>VIDEO</p><p>C A N Y O U U N D E R S T A N D T H E S E</p><p>PEOPLE?</p><p>C A N Y O U U N D E R S T A N D T H IS T E X T ?</p><p>a Read the article once. What kind o f concert was it?</p><p>W hat happened?</p><p>Turn it off!</p><p>Something historic happened at</p><p>the New York Philharmonic on</p><p>the evening of January 10,2012,</p><p>about an hour into Mahler's Ninth</p><p>Symphony. During the beautiful</p><p>fourth movement, an audience</p><p>member’s cell phone loudly rang.</p><p>And rang. And rang again. It was the kind of marimba r iff we've</p><p>all heard on the street from a stranger’s phone.</p><p>From my seat in Row L, I could see the horrified discomfort of</p><p>the other audience members from their body language. We all</p><p>wondered whether the conductor Alan Gilbert would react, and</p><p>how. Suddenly there was silence. The orchestra had stopped</p><p>playing. Mr. Gilbert had halted the performance. He turned to</p><p>the man, who was seated in the front row, and said:</p><p>“Are you going to turn it off? Will you do that?”</p><p>There was some "discussion” between the conductor and the</p><p>cell phone owner, but we couldn’t hear it.</p><p>In the Avery Fisher</p><p>Hall, many members of the audience stood</p><p>and demanded that the man leave the hall. They were so furious</p><p>that I could have imagined them dragging him from his seat on</p><p>to the stage, tying him to a stake, and setting him alight!</p><p>When the “power off" button on the man’s phone had finally</p><p>been located and put to use, Mr. Gilbert turned to the audience.</p><p>"Usually, when there’s a disturbance like this, it’s best to ignore</p><p>it,” he said. “But this time I could not allow it.”</p><p>The audience applauded as if Mahler himself, the orchestra’s</p><p>conductor from 1909 to 1911, had suddenly been resurrected</p><p>onstage. Mr. Gilbert neither smiled nor acknowledged the</p><p>cheers. Instead he turned to the orchestra, instructing the</p><p>players to resume, several bars back from the point at which</p><p>he had stopped the performance. Just before, he raised his</p><p>baton and turned again to the audience and said, this time</p><p>with a smile, “We’ll start again.” A few seconds later, the fourth</p><p>movement resumed.</p><p>Mr. Gilbert’s brave decision that night brought new music to</p><p>the Philharmonic.</p><p>b Read the text again and answer the questions.</p><p>1 In what part o f the symphony did the phone ring?</p><p>What kind of ringtone was it?</p><p>2 Did the owner turn it off immediately?</p><p>3 How did the audience react a) to the phone ringing,</p><p>and b) to what the conductor did?</p><p>4 Did the audience really drag the man onto the stage?</p><p>5 Did Mr. Gilbert restart the music from the same place</p><p>where he had stopped?</p><p>6 Does the journalist think Mr. Gilbert made the</p><p>right decision?</p><p>c Choose five new words or phrases from the text.</p><p>Check their meaning and pronunciation and try to</p><p>learn them.</p><p>2 50))) O n the street Watch or listen to five people and</p><p>answer the questions.</p><p>Christopher Maria Harry Skylar Cristina</p><p>1 Christopher likes using the subway because______ .</p><p>a he only needs to take one train</p><p>b he gets to work in less than half an hour</p><p>c it runs all day and night</p><p>2 Maria thinks that women are better than men at taking</p><p>care o f young children because______ .</p><p>a they have had a lot of practice</p><p>b they know when children are hungry</p><p>c they know what to do when children are sick</p><p>3 Harry says that men in her family______ .</p><p>a don’t enjoy telling stories</p><p>b talk about the same things as women</p><p>c try to talk about things that interest them</p><p>4 Skylar______ .</p><p>a still paints, but just as a free-time activity</p><p>b paints very well</p><p>c now does other things in her free time</p><p>5 It annoys Cristina when people______ .</p><p>a check their phones for the time</p><p>b don’t interact with you while they're on the phone</p><p>c use their phones when they are having dinner</p><p>Do the tasks with a partner. Check ( / ) the box if you</p><p>can do them.</p><p>Can you...?</p><p>1 F?] compare different methods of public transportation</p><p>in your town / country</p><p>2 Q agree or disagree with this statement, and say why:</p><p>All towns and cities should have a lot more bicycle lanes.</p><p>3 FZ1 talk about typical stereotypes about men and</p><p>women, and say if you think they are true</p><p>4 ^ describe something you would like to be able to do,</p><p>but have never been able to</p><p>5 Ld talk about things that are / aren't good manners in</p><p>your country if you are staying with someone as a</p><p>guest, and what you think is the right thing to do</p><p>Short movies Citi bikes</p><p>v id e o Watch and enjoy the movie.</p><p>C A N Y O U S A Y T H IS IN EN G LIS H ?</p><p>G past tenses: simple, continuous, perfect</p><p>V sports</p><p>P hr! and /or/</p><p>5A Sports superstitions</p><p>Why did</p><p>he lose the</p><p>match?</p><p>Because he</p><p>wasn't feeling</p><p>very well in</p><p>the last set.</p><p>1 V O C A B U L A R Y sports 3 S P E A K IN G</p><p>a Take the quiz in small groups.</p><p>SPORTS QUIZ</p><p>What sport do you associate with...?</p><p>b > - p . l5 7 Vocabulary Bank Sports.</p><p>2 P R O N U N C IA T IO N hr/ and /or/</p><p>a Write the words in the correct column. Be careful</p><p>with or (there are two possible pronunciations).</p><p>court four girl hurt score serve shirt</p><p>shorts sport warmup world worse workout</p><p>b 3 6))) Listen and check.</p><p>c >• p.166 Sound Bank. Look at the typical spellings</p><p>o f these sounds.</p><p>d 3 7))) Listen and write six sentences.</p><p>In pairs, interview your partner about sports using the</p><p>questionnaire. Ask for more information.</p><p>What sports!</p><p>do /did you</p><p>have to play at</p><p>school?</p><p>Do / Did</p><p>you enjoy</p><p>it?</p><p>How</p><p>often do</p><p>you play</p><p>sports?</p><p>What</p><p>sport(s)</p><p>do you</p><p>play?</p><p>Have you</p><p>ever won</p><p>a cup or a</p><p>trophy?</p><p>Do you think</p><p>that there are</p><p>good sports</p><p>facilities in your</p><p>town?</p><p>Do you think</p><p>physical education</p><p>should be optional</p><p>or required at</p><p>school?</p><p>Do you think</p><p>there is too much</p><p>(or not enough)</p><p>sports on TV?</p><p>Do you</p><p>like sports?</p><p>NO YES</p><p>Do you do</p><p>any kind of</p><p>exercise?</p><p>1 Do you think</p><p>you’re in shape?</p><p>Would you like</p><p>to get in better</p><p>shape?</p><p>Have you</p><p>ever been</p><p>[injured playing</p><p>sports?</p><p>Do you</p><p>prefer</p><p>playing sports</p><p>or watching</p><p>sports?</p><p>How many hours</p><p>do you spend a</p><p>week watching</p><p>sports on TV?</p><p>Is there</p><p>any sport</p><p>you don’t mind</p><p>watching on</p><p>TV?</p><p>Do your</p><p>family and</p><p>friends like</p><p>sports?</p><p>What</p><p>sport(s) do you</p><p>hate watching</p><p>on TV?</p><p>Have you</p><p>ever found a</p><p>sports event</p><p>exciting?</p><p>What’s the</p><p>most exciting</p><p>sports event</p><p>you have been</p><p>to?</p><p>Do you</p><p>go to watch</p><p>a local sports</p><p>team?</p><p>4 R E A D IN G</p><p>a Do you know o f any sports players who are</p><p>superstitious? What do they do?</p><p>b Read an article about sports superstitions and</p><p>complete it with A-F.</p><p>A It is not only the players who are superstitious</p><p>B A good example is Serena Williams</p><p>C Superstitions and rituals are very common among fans</p><p>D After my wife had left the room, Murray lost the</p><p>fourth set</p><p>E The superstitions and rituals are not confined</p><p>to the court</p><p>F Tennis players-are-strartge-people</p><p>c Read the article again. W ho does the article say</p><p>are superstitious: sports players, sports fans, TV</p><p>spectators, or all o f them?</p><p>d Underline five words or phrases you want to remember</p><p>from the article.</p><p>e Look at the photos o f four more famous sports people</p><p>who are superstitious. Do you know what any o f their</p><p>superstitions are or were?</p><p>f > - Communication Other sp orts superstitions</p><p>A p.104 B p.108. Read and tell each other about the</p><p>people in the photos.</p><p>g Do y ou have any superstitions, e.g., when you are</p><p>playing or watching sports, or before an exam?</p><p>If I bounce the ball five times...</p><p>F-</p><p>E</p><p>MATTHEW SYED writes about</p><p>sports superstitions</p><p>1 Tennis players are strange people. Have</p><p>you noticed how they always ask for</p><p>three balls instead of two; how they</p><p>bounce the ball the same number of</p><p>times before serving, as if any change</p><p>from their routine might result in</p><p>disaster?</p><p>________________ , the number</p><p>1 female tennis player. When she</p><p>was once asked why she had played</p><p>so badly at the French Open she</p><p>answered, “I didn't tie my shoe laces</p><p>right, and I didn't bounce the ball five</p><p>times, and I didn’t bring my shower</p><p>sandals to the court with me. I didn't</p><p>have my extra dress. I just knew it was</p><p>fate; it wasn’t going to happen.”</p><p>________________ . Goran Ivanisevic,</p><p>Wimbledon champion in 2001, was</p><p>convinced that if he won a match, he</p><p>had to repeat everything he did the</p><p>previous day, such as eating the same</p><p>food at the same restaurant, talking</p><p>to the same people, and watching the</p><p>same TV shows. One year this meant</p><p>that he had to watch Teletubbies</p><p>every morning during his Wimbledon</p><p>campaign. “Sometimes it got very</p><p>boring/’ he said.</p><p>________________ . As we were</p><p>watching tennis player Andy Murray</p><p>play the fourth set at Wimbledon, my</p><p>wife suddenly got up and went to the</p><p>kitchen. “He keeps losing games when</p><p>I’m in the room/' she said. “If I go out</p><p>now, he’ll win.”</p><p>________________ . Last year, a</p><p>survey of British soccer supporters</p><p>found that 21 percent had a lucky</p><p>charm (anything from a scarf</p><p>to a lucky coin), while another</p><p>questionnaire revealed that</p><p>70 percent of Spanish soccer fans</p><p>performed pre-match rituals (like</p><p>wearing “ lucky” clothes, eating the</p><p>same food or drink, or watching</p><p>games with the same people).</p><p>________________ . She returned, £0)</p><p>and he won the fifth. I laughed</p><p>at §-</p><p>her, and then remembered my soccer</p><p>team, Spurs, who were losing 1-0 in</p><p>the Carling Cup. "If I leave the room</p><p>now, Spurs will score/’ I told my kids,</p><p>after 27 minutes of overtime. I left the</p><p>room and they scored. Twice.</p><p>Glossary</p><p>Teletubbies a television series for</p><p>very young children</p><p>Spurs Tottenham Hotspur, a London</p><p>soccer team</p><p>5 L IS T E N IN G</p><p>a In your country, are referees a) well-paid b) respected c) unpopular?</p><p>Why do you think somebody would want to become a referee?</p><p>b 3 8))) You’re going to hear an interview with an ex-Champions</p><p>League soccer referee from Spain. Listen to P art 1 and choose a,</p><p>b, or c.</p><p>1 Why did he become a referee?</p><p>a His father was a referee.</p><p>b He liked sports, but wasn't good at them,</p><p>c He was always attracted by the idea.</p><p>2 What was the most exciting game he ever refereed?</p><p>a His first professional game.</p><p>b He can't choose just one.</p><p>c Real Madrid against Barcelona.</p><p>3 The worst experience he ever had as a referee was when_______</p><p>attacked him.</p><p>a a player b a woman c a child</p><p>4 Why does he think there is more cheating in soccer today?</p><p>a Because soccer is big business.</p><p>b Because the referees are worse,</p><p>c Because soccer players are better at cheating.</p><p>5 How does he say soccer players often cheat?</p><p>a They fall over when no one has touched them,</p><p>b They accept money to lose games,</p><p>c They touch the ball with their hands.</p><p>c 3 9))) Now listen to P a rt 2 . Complete the sentences with one to</p><p>three words.</p><p>1 The most difficult thing for him about being a referee is making</p><p>during a game.</p><p>2 One o f the reasons why it’s difficult is because soccer today is</p><p>so_________________ .</p><p>3 Making correct decisions often depends on the referee’s</p><p>interpretation o f_________________ .</p><p>4 He thinks that players who cheat are still_________________ .</p><p>5 A study that was done on Leo Messi shows that he can run</p><p>exceptionally fast_________________ .</p><p>6 He thinks Messi isn't the_________________ soccer player.</p><p>d Do you agree with the referee that there is more cheating in</p><p>soccer than before? Is it true in other sports as well? Would you</p><p>like to be a sports referee (or umpire)? Why (not)?</p><p>6 G R A M M A R past tenses: simple,</p><p>continuous, perfect</p><p>a In your country, is cheating considered a</p><p>serious problem in sports? In what sports</p><p>do you think cheating is most common?</p><p>What kinds o f things do people do when</p><p>they cheat?</p><p>b Read Taking a Short Cut about a marathon</p><p>runner who cheated. How did she cheat?</p><p>c Look at the highlighted verbs in the text.</p><p>W hich o f them are used for...?</p><p>1 a completed action in the past</p><p>2 an action that happened before the past time</p><p>we are talking about</p><p>3 an action in progress (or not) at a particular</p><p>moment in the past</p><p>d > - p.140 Grammar Bank 5A. Learn more</p><p>about past tenses and practice them.</p><p>e Read The Hand o f God? and complete it</p><p>with the verbs in the right tenses.</p><p>46 5A</p><p>7 S P E A K IN G</p><p>Famous (cheating)</p><p>moments in sports</p><p>Although it isn’t true that everybody</p><p>in sports cheats, it is certainly true that</p><p>there are cheaters in every sport...</p><p>Taking a short cut</p><p>O</p><p>n A p r i l 2 1 ,1 9 8 0 ,2 3 -y e a r -o ld R o s ie</p><p>R u iz w as th e f ir s t w o m a n to c r o s s th e</p><p>f in is h l in e a t th e B o s to n M a ra th o n .</p><p>S h e f in is h e d th e ra c e in th e th ir d - f a s te s t t im e</p><p>fo r a fe m a le ru n n e r (tw o h o u rs , 31 m in u te s ,</p><p>5 6 se co n d s ) . B u t w hen th e o rg a n iz e r s</p><p>c o n g ra tu la te d R o s ie a f te r th e ra ce , th e y w e re</p><p>s u rp r is e d b e c a u se sh e w a s n ’t s w e a t in g v e ry</p><p>m u ch . S o m e s p e c ta to r s w h o w e re w a tc h in g</p><p>th e ra ce to ld th e m w h a t h a d re a lly h a p p e n e d .</p><p>D u r in g th e la s t h a lf m ile , R o s ie s u d d e n ly</p><p>ju m p e d o u t o f th e c ro w d a n d s p r in te d to</p><p>th e f in is h lin e . T h e m a ra th o n o rg a n iz e rs</p><p>to o k R u iz 's t i t le a w a y an d a w a rd e d i t to th e</p><p>r e a l w in n e r, J a c q u e lin e G a re a u . It w a s la te r</p><p>d is c o v e re d th a t th re e m o n th s e a r lie r , R o s ie had</p><p>a ls o c h e a te d in th e N ew Y o rk C it y M a ra th o n</p><p>w h e re sh e had ta k e n th e subw ay !</p><p>The hand of God?</p><p>I</p><p>t w a s Ju n e 2 2 ,1 9 8 6 . A rg e n t in a</p><p>tw os p la y in g (p la y ) E n g la n d in th e q u a r te r ­</p><p>f in a ls o f th e W o r ld C u p , a n d b o th te a m s</p><p>2_________ (p la y ) w e ll. T h e s c o re 3__________ (be)</p><p>0 - 0 . In th e 5 1 s t m in u te , th e A rg e n t in ia n</p><p>c a p ta in , D ie g o M a ra d o n a , 4_________ (sco re ) a</p><p>g o a l. T h e E n g lis h p la y e rs 5_________ (p ro te s t) ,</p><p>b u t th e re fe re e 6__________(g ive ) th e g o a l.</p><p>H ow eve r, T V c a m e ra s sh o w e d th a t M a ra d o n a</p><p>7_________ (sco re ) th e g o a l w ith h is hand !</p><p>M a ra d o n a e__________ (say) th e n e x t d a y “ It w as</p><p>p a r t ly th e h a n d o f M a ra d o n a , a n d p a r t ly th e</p><p>h a n d o f G o d .”</p><p>L a te r in th e g a m e , M a ra d o n a 9_________ (sco re )</p><p>a n o th e r g o a l, an d A rg e n t in a 10__________ (w in)</p><p>th e g a m e 2 -1 . T h e y w e n t on to w in th e</p><p>W o r ld C up .</p><p>a You are going to tell your partner two</p><p>anecdotes. Choose two o f the topics below</p><p>and plan what you are going to say. Ask your</p><p>teacher for any words you need.</p><p>TELL YOUR PARTNER ABOUT...</p><p>• a time you cheated (in a sport/game</p><p>or on an exam)</p><p>When and where did this happen? What were</p><p>you doing? Why did you cheat? What happened in</p><p>the end?</p><p>• a really exciting sports event you saw</p><p>Where and when was it? Who was</p><p>playing?</p><p>What happened? Why was it so</p><p>exciting?</p><p>• a time you had an accident or</p><p>got a sports injury</p><p>When and where did this happen?</p><p>What were you doing? How did the accident</p><p>happen? What part o f your body did you hurt?</p><p>What happened next? How long did it take you</p><p>to recover?</p><p>• a time you got lost</p><p>Where were you going? How were</p><p>you traveling? Why did you get lost?</p><p>What happened in the end?</p><p>b Work with a partner. Tell each other your</p><p>two stories. Give as much detail as you can.</p><p>• a time you saw or met a celebrity</p><p>When was this? Where were you? Who were</p><p>you with? What was the celebrity doing?</p><p>What was he / she wearing? Did you speak to</p><p>him / her? What happened in the end?</p><p>P Starting an anecdote</p><p>I'm going to tell you about a time when...</p><p>This happened a few years ago...</p><p>When I was younger...</p><p>8 W R IT IN G</p><p>> - p.116 Writing T e llin g a s to r y . Write a story about something</p><p>that happened to you.</p><p>9 3 14))) S O N G We Are the Champions</p><p>Online Practice 5A 47</p><p>G usually and used to</p><p>V relationships</p><p>P linking, the le tte r s</p><p>Love at Exit 19</p><p>How do</p><p>you usually get</p><p>to work?</p><p>I used to</p><p>take the bus,</p><p>but now I ride</p><p>my bike.</p><p>1</p><p>a</p><p>b</p><p>Love at Exit 19</p><p>R E A D IN G</p><p>How do you think people usually meet friends and</p><p>partners nowadays? Number the phrases 1-5</p><p>(1 = the most popular). Then compare with a partner.</p><p>Do you agree?</p><p>A D at work</p><p>b n at school or college</p><p>c D on the Internet (e.g., on forums, on social</p><p>networking sites, etc.)</p><p>d D in a cafe, dub, etc.</p><p>E ŋ through friends</p><p>3 15))) Read and listen to an article about Sonya Baker</p><p>and Michael Fazio. Why did their relationship almost</p><p>never happen?</p><p>He was a tollbooth collector, and she was a soprano who sang</p><p>in Carnegie Hall. Their eyes met at Exit 19 of the New York State</p><p>Thruway, when he charged her 3?ct. The romance that followed</p><p>was even less likely than the plot of an opera!</p><p>Sonya Baker was a frequent commuter from her home in the</p><p>suburbs to New York City. One day, when she was driving to</p><p>an audition,she came offtheThruway and stopped atthe</p><p>tollbooth where Michael Fazio was working. She talked with him as</p><p>she paid to go through, and thought he was cute. For the next three</p><p>months, they used to exchange</p><p>a few words</p><p>as she handed him the money, and he raised</p><p>the barrier to let her pass. “It was mostly</p><p>‘What are you doing today? Where are</p><p>you going?”' she said. They learned more</p><p>about each other, for example that Sonya</p><p>loved Puccini and Verdi, while Michael’s</p><p>love was the New York Yankees. But their</p><p>conversations suddenly came to an end when</p><p>Michael changed his working hours. “He used</p><p>to work during the day/’ said Sonya, “but he</p><p>changed to night shifts/'Although Michael still</p><p>looked out for Sonya’s white Toyota Corolla, he</p><p>did not see her again for six months.</p><p>When Michael's working hours changed back</p><p>to the day shift, he decided to put a traffic</p><p>cone in front of his lane. He thought, “It will be like putting a candle</p><p>in a window.” Sonya saw it, and their romance started up again. “I</p><p>almost crashed my car on various occasions,” she said, “trying to</p><p>cross several lanes to get to his exit/’ Finally, she found the courage</p><p>to give Michael a piece of paper with her phone number as she</p><p>passed through the toll. Michael called her and for their first date</p><p>they went to see the movie Cool Runnings, and then later they</p><p>went to an opera, La Boheme, and to a Yankees game.</p><p>They are now married and living in Kentucky, where Sonya is a</p><p>voice and music professor at Murray State</p><p>College and Michael runs an activity center</p><p>at a nursing home. It turned out that she had</p><p>given him her number just in time. A short</p><p>while later, she moved to New Jersey and</p><p>stopped usingthe New York State Thruway. “I</p><p>might never have seen him again,” she said.</p><p>Glossary</p><p>a tollbooth a small building by the side of a road</p><p>where you pay money to use the road</p><p>Carnegie Hall a famous concert hall in New York</p><p>City</p><p>New York State Thruway a road</p><p>New York Yankees a baseball team based in the</p><p>Bronx in New York City</p><p>a traffic cone a plastic object, often orange and</p><p>white, used to show where vehicles can or can’t go</p><p>A</p><p>d</p><p>ap</p><p>te</p><p>d</p><p>fr</p><p>om</p><p>T</p><p>he</p><p>T</p><p>im</p><p>es</p><p>48</p><p>a D Michael changed his working hours.</p><p>B □ Michael tried to find Sonya.</p><p>C LH They got married.</p><p>D □ Sonya moved to New Jersey.</p><p>E Ld Sonya gave Michael her phone number.</p><p>F □ Michael changed his working hours again.</p><p>G CD Sonya talked with Michael.</p><p>H Ld They stopped seeing each other.</p><p>I □ They had their first date.</p><p>J I 1 Sonya and Michael moved to Kentucky.</p><p>b 3/16))) Listen to four people talking about where they met their</p><p>partner. Match each one with a place from la .</p><p>Speaker 1 LH Speaker 2 LH Speaker 3 L j Speaker 4 LD</p><p>c Listen to each story again and take notes on how the people</p><p>met. Compare your notes with your partner and listen again if</p><p>necessary. Which meeting do you think was the most romantic?</p><p>d Look at two extracts from the listening. Answer the questions</p><p>with a partner.</p><p>We used to go to clubs together on Saturday night.</p><p>It used to be difficult to meet people.</p><p>1 When do we use used to? How do you make negatives and</p><p>questions?</p><p>2 How would you change these sentences (using usually) if you</p><p>wanted to talk about present habits or situations?</p><p>e >• p.141 Grammar Bank 5B. Learn more about usually and used</p><p>to, and practice them.</p><p>3 P R O N U N C IA T IO N &</p><p>S P E A K IN G linking</p><p>^ 3 used to</p><p>Remember that used to and use to are usually</p><p>linked and pronounced /'yusta/.</p><p>a 318))) Listen and repeat the sentences.</p><p>Copy the linking and the sentence rhythm.</p><p>ı ı usedjo livejn Los Angeles.</p><p>2 she didn’t ussjo wear glasses.</p><p>3 Where did you usqjo work before?</p><p>4 They usecjjo see eachj)theua lot.</p><p>5 Didn’t you usqjo haveja beard?</p><p>b In pairs, tell each other about three o f the</p><p>following. Give as much information as you</p><p>can. How do you feel about these people and</p><p>things now?</p><p>Is there...</p><p>• a kind of food or</p><p>drink you didn't</p><p>use to like at all, but</p><p>that you now like?</p><p>• a TV series you used to</p><p>be addicted to?</p><p>Why did you like it?</p><p>• a singer or a kind o f music you used</p><p>to listen to a lot (but don’t anymore)?</p><p>• a sport or game you used to play a lot, but</p><p>that you’ve given up?</p><p>• a place you used to go</p><p>during summer vacation,</p><p>and that you’d like to go</p><p>back to?</p><p>• a machine or</p><p>gadget you used</p><p>to use a lot,</p><p>but that is</p><p>now out of</p><p>date?</p><p>I used to hate most vegetables, especially</p><p>spinach and cauliflower, but now I love them</p><p>and usually eat a lot o f vegetables every day...</p><p>Online Practice 5B 49</p><p>c Read the article again and number the events in the order</p><p>they happened.</p><p>d Read the article again and look at the highlighted words and</p><p>phrases. Try to figure out what they mean. Then match them with</p><p>1-10 below.</p><p>1 __________ a period of time worked by a group of workers</p><p>2 __________ a person who travels into a city to work every day</p><p>3 __________ attractive, good-looking</p><p>4 __________ what had happened was</p><p>5 __________ manages</p><p>6 __________ probable</p><p>7 __________ something that is used to give light, made of wax</p><p>8 __________ have short conversations</p><p>9 __________ they looked at each other romantically</p><p>10 __________ was brave enough</p><p>2 G R A M M A R usually and used to</p><p>a Think o f a couple you know well, e.g., your parents or friends.</p><p>How did they meet? Do you know any couples who met under</p><p>unusual circumstances?</p><p>4 V O C A B U L A R Y relationships</p><p>a Explain the difference between these pairs o f phrases.</p><p>1 to meet somebody and to know somebody</p><p>2 a colleague and a friend</p><p>3 to argue with somebody and to discuss something</p><p>with somebody</p><p>b > • p.158 Vocabulary Bank Relationships.</p><p>c Think o f one o f your close friends. In pairs, ask and</p><p>answer the questions.</p><p>How long have you known him / her?</p><p>Where did you meet?</p><p>Why do you get along well?</p><p>What do you have in common?</p><p>Do you ever argue? What about?</p><p>How often do you see each other?</p><p>How do you keep in touch?</p><p>Have you ever lost touch? Why? When?</p><p>Do you think you’ll stay friends?</p><p>5 P R O N U N C IA T IO N</p><p>the letter s</p><p>a 3 21))) Listen to the words in the list.</p><p>How is the s (or se) pronounced? Write them</p><p>in the correct columns.</p><p>busy close (adj) close (verb) conversation decision</p><p>discuss eyes friends lose music pleasure</p><p>promise raise school somebody sport sugar</p><p>summer sure unusual used to usually various</p><p>b</p><p>c</p><p>3 22))) Listen and check.</p><p>Answer with a partner.</p><p>1 How is s usually pronounced at the beginning of a</p><p>word? What are the two exceptions?</p><p>2 What two ways can s (or es) be pronounced at the end</p><p>of a word?</p><p>3 How is s pronounced in -sion?</p><p>6</p><p>a</p><p>L IS T E N IN G</p><p>Talk to a partner. Do you think the following are T (true) or</p><p>F (false)?</p><p>1 22-year-olds have an average o f 1,000 friends.</p><p>2 Men have more online friends than women.</p><p>3 People who spend a lot of time on Facebook become more</p><p>dissatisfied with their own lives.</p><p>3 23))) Listen to the introduction to a radio program.</p><p>According to research, are 1-3 in a true or false?</p><p>7 S P E A K IN G</p><p>Read sentences A -F below. Check ( / ) the</p><p>ones you agree with and put an / next to the</p><p>ones you don’t agree with. Think about your</p><p>reasons.</p><p>c 3 24))) Listen to four people who call the program, Young,</p><p>Beth, Emma, and Ned. W ho is the most positive about Facebook?</p><p>W ho is the most negative?</p><p>d Listen again. Answer with Young, Beth, Em m a, or Ned.</p><p>Which caller...?</p><p>1 L J does not want to share personal information with strangers</p><p>2 LH has fewer Facebook friends than he / she used to have</p><p>3 L J has over a thousand friends</p><p>4 Q J uses it to keep in touch with friends who don���t live close by</p><p>5 L J thinks people use Facebook to give themselves more</p><p>importance</p><p>6 [__j used to use Facebook more than he / she does now'</p><p>7 Q uses Facebook instead of calling</p><p>8 [__I does not use social networking sites</p><p>e Do you use Facebook or any other social networking sites? Do</p><p>you agree with anything the speakers said?</p><p>A □ You can only have tw o or three</p><p>close friends.</p><p>B Ld Nowadays people are in touch</p><p>w ith more people bu t have fewer</p><p>close friends.</p><p>C □ Men keep the ir friends longer</p><p>than women.</p><p>D P ] You should never criticize your</p><p>friend's partner.</p><p>E rU You should never lend money to a</p><p>friend (or</p><p>borrow money).</p><p>f D It's impossible to stay good friends</p><p>w ith an ex-partner.</p><p>b In groups, compare opinions. Try to give</p><p>real examples from your own experience or</p><p>o f people you know. Use the phrases below</p><p>to help you.</p><p>P Giving examples</p><p>For example, I have a friend who I’ve known</p><p>since I was five years old...</p><p>For instance, I once lent some money to a</p><p>cousin...</p><p>Online Practice 5B 51</p><p>Practical English Old friends</p><p>■ < J E N N Y H A S CO FFEE W IT H A</p><p>FR IEN D</p><p>a 3 25))) Watch or listen to Jenny and Monica. W hat’s</p><p>Monica’s news?</p><p>2 ■ < P E R M IS S IO N A N D R E Q U E S TS</p><p>a 3 26))) Watch or listen. W hat two favors does Rob</p><p>ask Jenny?</p><p>b Watch or listen again. Mark the sentences T (true) or</p><p>F (false). Correct the F sentences.</p><p>1 Rob orders a cappuccino.</p><p>2 Rob says Monica looks different from her photos.</p><p>3 Monica gets a good impression of Rob.</p><p>4 Monica leaves because she has to go to work.</p><p>5 Jenny says that most of their friends are in serious</p><p>relationships.</p><p>6 Paul is going to stay for two weeks.</p><p>7 Paul used to be very quiet when they were younger.</p><p>8 jenny is excited to meet Paul.</p><p>b Watch or listen again and answer the questions.</p><p>1 Who's Scott?</p><p>2 When did they get engaged?</p><p>3 Who has Monica told the news to?</p><p>4 What did she use to do a lot at night? What does she</p><p>do now?</p><p>5 Who’s going to organize the wedding?</p><p>6 What does jenny tell Monica about her relationship</p><p>with Rob?</p><p>7 What does Monica think about Rob being British?</p><p>52</p><p>c 3 27))) Look at some extracts from the</p><p>conversation. Can you remember any o f the</p><p>missing words? Watch or listen and check.</p><p>Asking permission</p><p>1 Rob Do you________ if I join you?</p><p>Monica O f________ not. Come on, sit</p><p>down.</p><p>2 Rob Is i t ________ if we change our</p><p>plans a bit this week?</p><p>Jenny Uh...sure.</p><p>Requests: asking someone to do something</p><p>1 Rob ________ you pass the sugar?</p><p>Jenny ________ .</p><p>2 Rob Could you do me a big________ ?</p><p>I have to work late this evening,</p><p>so... would you mind________ him</p><p>at the airport?</p><p>Jenny ________ at all. I'd like to meet him.</p><p>3 Rob And do you think you________</p><p>take him to my flat? I'll give you</p><p>the keys.</p><p>Jenny No________ , Rob.</p><p>d Look at the highlighted phrases and answer</p><p>the questions.</p><p>1 How do you respond to Do you mind if...?</p><p>and Would you mind...? when you mean OK,</p><p>no problem?</p><p>2 Which two forms of request should you rise</p><p>if you want to be very polite or are asking a</p><p>very big favor?</p><p>e 3 28)}) Watch or listen and repeat the</p><p>highlighted phrases. Copy the rhythm</p><p>and intonation.</p><p>f Practice the dialogues in c with a partner.</p><p>g mm > - Communication Could you do m e a</p><p>favor? p.105.</p><p>PAUL A R R IV E S</p><p>a 3 29))) Watch or listen. How do Rob and Jenny feel about</p><p>Paul’s arrival?</p><p>b Watch or listen again and (circle) the right answer.</p><p>1 Paul’s appearance has changed a lot / hasn’t changed much.</p><p>2 His flight was on time / late.</p><p>3 On the trip from the airport Paul talked a lot about himself / asked</p><p>Jenny a lot o f personal questions.</p><p>4 Rob suggests eating in / eating out.</p><p>5 Paul feels exhausted / fu ll o f energy.</p><p>6 Jenny feels like / doesn’t fe e l like going out.</p><p>c Look at the Social English phrases. Can you remember any of</p><p>the missing words?</p><p>d 3 30))) Watch or listen and complete the phrases.</p><p>e Watch or listen again and repeat the phrases. How do you say</p><p>them in your language?</p><p>Can you...?</p><p>use different expressions to ask permission to</p><p>do something and respond</p><p>use different expressions to ask another person</p><p>to do something and respond</p><p>greet someone you haven't seen for a long time</p><p>Online Practice 53</p><p>VIDEO</p><p>3</p><p>Social English phrases</p><p>Paul Hey !</p><p>Paul It’s to see you. mate.</p><p>Rob How you're so late?</p><p>Paul No , man!</p><p>Jenny Rob, 1 think I’ll go home if you don’t</p><p>Rob Just like the old !</p><p>Paul Rob. we’ve got a lot to talk !</p><p>Communication</p><p>P E I H O W A W FU Li H O W F A N T A S T IC ! Student A</p><p>a Read your sentences 1-9 to B. B must react with a phrase, e.g.,</p><p>You’re kidding, Oh, no!, etc.</p><p>1 I collect funny salt-and-pepper shakers.</p><p>2 I spilled some coffee on my laptop last night, and now it</p><p>doesn't work.</p><p>3 I'm going to New York City next weekend.</p><p>4 Someone stole my bike yesterday.</p><p>5 My dog can open the kitchen door by itself.</p><p>6 My father's going to be interviewed on TV tomorrow.</p><p>7 My grandmother just bought a sports car.</p><p>8 My parents met when they were only 15.</p><p>9 I just won $2,000 in the lottery!</p><p>b Listen to B ’s sentences and react with a phrase.</p><p>c Tell B some real (or invented) news about you for B to react.</p><p>React to B ’s news.</p><p>5 A O T H E R S P O R TS S U P E R S T IT IO N S Student A</p><p>a Read about Sydney Crosby and Kolo Toure.</p><p>SIDNEY CROSB' never calls his mother</p><p>on a game day, even if it’s her birthday. He</p><p>believes that he gets injured on the days he</p><p>calls his mother before a game.</p><p>When COLO TOUR1 played for Arsenal,</p><p>he always insisted on being the last player to</p><p>leave the dressing room after the half-time</p><p>break. This was never usually a problem.</p><p>However, in one game when William Gallas,</p><p>his teammate, was injured and needed</p><p>treatment at half-time during a match,</p><p>Toure stayed in the dressing room until</p><p>Gallas had been treated. This meant that</p><p>Arsenal had to start the second half with</p><p>only nine players.</p><p>b Now cover the text and tell B about their superstitions from</p><p>memory.</p><p>c Listen to B telling you about Jason Terry and Alexander Wurz’s</p><p>superstitions.</p><p>d Together decide which superstition you think is a) the strangest</p><p>b) the most impractical.</p><p>104</p><p>2B A R E Y O U H U N G R Y ?</p><p>Student A</p><p>a Ask B your questions. He / She responds</p><p>with the phrase in parentheses.</p><p>1 Is the water cold? (Yes, it’s freezing.)</p><p>2 Was the movie good? (Yes, it was fantastic.)</p><p>3 Were you tired after the exam? (Yes, I was</p><p>exhausted.)</p><p>4 Was the room dirty? (Yes, it was filthy.)</p><p>5 Is it a big house? (Yes, it's enormous.)</p><p>6 Were you surprised? (Yes, I was amazed.)</p><p>7 Are you sure? (Yes, I’m positive.)</p><p>b Respond to B ’s questions. Say Yes, it’s . .. /</p><p>I ’m ..., etc. + the strong form o f the adjective</p><p>that B used in the question. Remember to</p><p>stress the strong adjective.</p><p>Are you afraid o f flying? Yes, I’m terrified.</p><p>c Repeat the exercise. Try to respond as</p><p>quickly as possible.</p><p>3 A I’M A T O U R IS T - C A N Y O U</p><p>H ELP M E? Student A</p><p>a Think o f the town / city where you are,</p><p>or the nearest big town. You are a foreign</p><p>tourist, and you are planning to get</p><p>around using public transportation. Ask B</p><p>questions 1-5 . Get as much information</p><p>from B as you can.</p><p>1 What kind of public transportation is there?</p><p>2 What’s the best way for me to get around</p><p>the city?</p><p>3 Can I rent a bike? Are there any bicycle lanes?</p><p>4 Is it easy to find taxis? How expensive</p><p>are they?</p><p>5 What’s the best way to get to the airport</p><p>from the center of town? How long does</p><p>it take?</p><p>b Switch roles. B is a foreign tourist in the</p><p>town who has rented a car. You live in the</p><p>town. Answer B ’s questions and give as</p><p>much information as you can.</p><p>4 A G U E S S T H E S E N T E N C E Student A</p><p>a Look at sentences 1 -6 and think o f the correct form of</p><p>be able to + a verb. D on’t w rite anything yet!</p><p>b Read your sentence 1 to B. If it isn't right, try again</p><p>until B tells you, “That’s right.” Then write it.</p><p>Continue with 2 -6 .</p><p>c Now listen to B say sentence 7. I f it's the same as your</p><p>sentence 7 below, say “That’s right.” I f not, say “Try</p><p>again” until B gets it right. Continue with 8 -1 2 .</p><p>7 It must be great to be able to speak a lot of languages.</p><p>8 I won't be able to see you tonight. I'm too busy.</p><p>9 My grandmother can’t walk very well, but luckily we</p><p>were able to park just outside the restaurant.</p><p>10 They haven’t been able to find an apartment yet.</p><p>They're still looking.</p><p>11 You should be able to do this exercise. It’s very easy.</p><p>12 We really enjoy being able to eat outside in the summer.</p><p>P E 3 C O U LD Y O U DO M E A FAVOR?</p><p>Students A+B</p><p>a Look at the verb phrases below. Choose two things you</p><p>would like somebody to do for you. Think about</p><p>any</p><p>details, e.g., what kind o f dog it is, how much money</p><p>you need, etc.</p><p>• take care o f (your children, your dog for the weekend,</p><p>your apartment while you're away, etc.)</p><p>• lend you (some money, their car, etc.)</p><p>• give you a ride (home, to the mall, etc.)</p><p>• help you (with a problem, with your homework, to</p><p>paint your apartment, to choose some new clothes, etc.)</p><p>b Ask as many other students as possible. Be polite</p><p>(C ouldyou do me a big favor? Would you mind. ..? Do</p><p>you thinkyou cou ld ...?) and explain why you want the</p><p>favor. How many people agree to help you?</p><p>4 B T H E BIG D AY Students A+B</p><p>Read a newspaper article about what happened at Heidi</p><p>and Freddie’s wedding. Do you think they behaved well or</p><p>badly? Why?</p><p>News online</p><p>Two sides to every story</p><p>What happened next...</p><p>By NEWS ONLINE Reporter</p><p>Y esterday Heidi Withers married Freddie Bourne</p><p>in a $40,000 ceremony at St. Mary the Virgin</p><p>Church. It was followed by a reception at a</p><p>900-year-old castle. However, there was no sign of</p><p>Carolyn, Freddie's stepmother, the woman who was</p><p>ridiculed for the email she sent Heidi. She and her</p><p>husband Edward, Freddie’s father, were not invited.</p><p>Heidi arrived almost 25 minutes late for the ceremony,</p><p>which was due to begin at 2:45 p.m. Perhaps, as</p><p>Carolyn suggested was her habit, she had been in bed</p><p>until the last possible minute. She arrived at the church</p><p>with security guards holding umbrellas to prevent</p><p>onlookers from seeing her, and with her head covered.</p><p>This is a well-known tactic for celebrities, but for a</p><p>29-year-old secretary it seemed, in the words of one</p><p>onlooker, “a bit ridiculous.”</p><p>Edward and Carolyn admitted to being disappointed at</p><p>not receiving an invitation. They spent the weekend on</p><p>vacation with friends. They have had no contact with</p><p>the couple since the saga began, and did not even</p><p>know the date of the wedding.</p><p>Communication 105</p><p>1 I’m sorry I won’t _____________________ to your</p><p>party next weekend.</p><p>2 It was August, but we_____________________ a hotel</p><p>without any problems.</p><p>3 I used to ___________ a little Japanese, but I can't now.</p><p>4 I love__________________ in bed late on the weekend.</p><p>5 Will you________________the work before Saturday?</p><p>6 I’ve never_______________________________fish well.</p><p>Communication</p><p>5 A O TH E R S P O R TS S U P E R S T IT IO N S</p><p>Student B</p><p>a Read about Jason Terry and Alexander Wurz.</p><p>JASON TERRY, an American basketball player,</p><p>wears the colors of his team's opponents the night</p><p>before a game. If the team he’s playing the next day</p><p>wears black and white, then Terry wears black and</p><p>white to bed the night before. He’s been doing this</p><p>since his playing days in college.</p><p>ALEXANDER WURZ. an Austrian racing driver,</p><p>used to race with odd-colored shoes, the left one red</p><p>and the right one blue. It came about when he lost</p><p>a shoe before a big race and had to borrow one of a</p><p>different color. After winning the race, he decided it</p><p>was a lucky omen.</p><p>b Now listen to A telling you about Sydney Crosby</p><p>and Kolo Toure’s superstitions.</p><p>c Cover the text and tell B about Jason Terry and</p><p>Alexander Wurz’s superstitions from memory.</p><p>I B P E R S O N A L IT Y Students A+B</p><p>Read the explanation and compare with a partner. Do you</p><p>agree with your results?</p><p>The activity you have just done is a personality test. The first</p><p>adjective you wrote down is how you see yourself, the second</p><p>is how other people see you, and the third is what you are</p><p>really like.</p><p>2 A S P E N D E R OR S A V ER ? Students A+B</p><p>Check your results. Then compare with a partner. Do you</p><p>agree with your results?</p><p>M ostly a answers</p><p>You can't be trusted with your own money! You definitely need</p><p>someone to help you to manage your finances better. Why not</p><p>speak to an organized friend about how to plan? This will help</p><p>you to make your money go further and stop you from getting</p><p>into debt.</p><p>M ostly b answers</p><p>Although you understand how to manage your money,</p><p>sometimes you need to be a little more organized. Try setting</p><p>yourself a weekly or monthly budget, and then stick to it. You</p><p>will then know how much money you have, what you spend it</p><p>on, and how much you can save.</p><p>M ostly c answers</p><p>Congratulations! It sounds like you really know what you are</p><p>doing when it comes to managing your money. You know</p><p>how important it is to keep track of your spending and are</p><p>responsible with your money.</p><p>d Together decide which superstition you think is</p><p>a) the strangest b) the most impractical.</p><p>108</p><p>P E I H O W A W FU L! H O W 3 A I’M A TO U R IS T - C A N Y O U HELP ME?</p><p>F A N T A S T IC ! Student B Student B</p><p>a Listen to A’s sentences and react with a a</p><p>phrase, e.g., You’re kidding, Oh, no!, etc.</p><p>b Read your sentences 1 -9 for A to react.</p><p>1 I failed my driving test yesterday.</p><p>2 I lost my wallet on the way to class.</p><p>3 I met George Clooney at a party last week.</p><p>4 I think I saw a ghost last night.</p><p>5 I won a salsa competition last weekend.</p><p>6 I'm going to be on a new edition of</p><p>Big Brother.</p><p>7 My dog died yesterday.</p><p>8 My grandfather has a black belt in karate.</p><p>9 My uncle is 104.</p><p>c Tell A some real (or invented) news about</p><p>you for A to react. React to A’s news.</p><p>Think o f the town / city where you are, or the nearest big town.</p><p>A is a foreign tourist who is planning to get around using public</p><p>transportation. You live in the town. Answer A’s questions and</p><p>give as much information as you can.</p><p>Switch roles. You are a foreign tourist in the town. You have</p><p>rented a car. Ask A questions 1 -5 . Get as much information from</p><p>A as you can.</p><p>1 What time is rush hour in this town?</p><p>2 Where are there usually traffic jams?</p><p>3 What’s the speed limit in the town? Are there speed cameras</p><p>anywhere?</p><p>4 What will happen if I park somewhere illegal?</p><p>5 Where’s the nearest tourist attraction outside the city? How long</p><p>does it take to drive there from here?</p><p>4 A G U E S S T H E S E N TE N C E</p><p>2 B ARE YO U H U N G R Y? Student B Student B</p><p>a Respond to A's questions. Say Yes, it’s . .. /</p><p>I ’m ..., etc. + the strong form o f the adjective</p><p>that A used in the question. Remember to</p><p>stress the strong adjective.</p><p>Is the water cole1?^) (^Yes, it’s freezing.</p><p>b Ask A your questions. He / She responds</p><p>with the phrase in parentheses.</p><p>1 Are you afraid of flying? (Yes, I’m terrified.)</p><p>2 Is the soup hot? (Yes, it’s boiling.)</p><p>3 Was the teacher angry? (Yes, he / she was</p><p>furious.)</p><p>4 Is the bedroom small? (Yes, it’s tiny.)</p><p>5 Are the children hungry? (Yes, they’re</p><p>starving.)</p><p>6 Is the chocolate cake good? (Yes, it’s</p><p>delicious.)</p><p>7 Was she happy with the present? (Yes, she</p><p>was excited.)</p><p>c Repeat the exercise. Try to respond as</p><p>quickly as possible.</p><p>a Look at sentences 7 -1 2 and think of the correct form of</p><p>be able to + a base form verb. D on’t w rite anything yet!</p><p>7 It must be great to _________________ a lot of languages.</p><p>8 I won't_________________ you tonight. I'm too busy.</p><p>9 My grandmother can't walk very well, but luckily we</p><p>just outside the restaurant.</p><p>10 They haven't_________________ an apartment yet. They’r</p><p>looking.</p><p>11 You should_________________ this exercise. It’s very easy</p><p>12 We really enjoy_________________ outside in the summei</p><p>b Now listen to A say sentence 1. I f it’s the same as your sentence</p><p>1 below, say “That’s right.” I f not, say “Try again” until A gets it</p><p>right. Continue with 2 -6 .</p><p>1 I’m sorry I won’t be able to com e to your party next weekend.</p><p>2 It was August, but we were able to find a hotel without any</p><p>problems.</p><p>3 I used to be able to understand a little Japanese, but I can’t now.</p><p>4 1 love being able to stay in bed late on the weekend.</p><p>5 Will you be able to finish the work before Saturday?</p><p>6 I’ve never been able to cook fish well.</p><p>c Read your sentence 7 to A. If it isn't right, try again until A tells</p><p>you, “That’s right.” Then write it. Continue with 8 -1 2 .</p><p>Communication 109</p><p>Writing</p><p>1 A D E S C R IP T IO N O F A PER SO N</p><p>a Read the two Facebook messages once and answer the questions.</p><p>1 Why has Angela written to Sofia?</p><p>2</p><p>it contains other compounds that lower blood</p><p>pressure and improve your mood. These three things, along with its</p><p>delicious taste, make chocolate a powerful mood changer.</p><p>Mood food - w hat the exp erts say</p><p>• Blueberries and cocoa can raise concentration levels for up</p><p>to five hours.</p><p>• Food th at is high, in protein helps your brain to work more</p><p>efficiently</p><p>• For relaxation and to sleep better, eat carbohydrates.</p><p>• Dark green vegetables (e.g., cabbage and spinach) and oily</p><p>fish (e.g., salmon) eaten regularly cam. help to fight depression.</p><p>Online Practice 1A</p><p>5 L IS T E N IN G & S P E A K IN G</p><p>a Ask and answer the questions with a</p><p>partner.</p><p>RESTAURANTS</p><p>1 How often do you eat out?</p><p>2 What's your favorite...?</p><p>a kind of food (Chinese, Italian, etc.)</p><p>b restaurant dish</p><p>3 How important are these things to</p><p>you in a restaurant? Number them 1-4</p><p>(1 = the most important).</p><p>[ 1 the food</p><p>] the service</p><p>] the atmosphere</p><p>] the price</p><p>4 Have you ever tried English food?</p><p>What did you think of it?</p><p>b 17))) Read the text about Steve Anderson.</p><p>Then listen to P a rt 1 o f an interview with</p><p>him, and number the photos in the order he</p><p>mentions them.</p><p>c Listen again. Why does he mention</p><p>each thing?</p><p>d 1 8))) Now listen to P a rt 2 and answer the</p><p>questions.</p><p>1 What does he say is the best and worst thing</p><p>about running a restaurant?</p><p>2 What’s the main difference between British</p><p>and Spanish customers?</p><p>3 What kinds of customers does he find</p><p>difficult?</p><p>4 How does he think eating habits in Spain</p><p>are changing?</p><p>e W hat about you? Answer the questions with</p><p>a partner.</p><p>1 What was your favorite food when you were</p><p>a child?</p><p>2 Is there anything that you like / don’t like</p><p>cooking?</p><p>3 In your country, when people eat out would</p><p>they usually tell the chef what they really</p><p>think about the food?</p><p>4 Do you know anyone who is a “difficult</p><p>customer” in restaurants?</p><p>6 1A</p><p>STEVE ANDERSON has always had a passion for</p><p>food. He was first taught to cook by his mother, who is</p><p>half Burmese. After studying physics in college, he got a</p><p>summer job helping with a cooking course in Italy, where he</p><p>met several famous chefs. One of them, Alastair Little, later</p><p>hired him as a trainee chef. Two years later, he moved to</p><p>Valencia in Spain and opened a restaurant, SeuXerea, now</p><p>one of the most popular restaurants in town.</p><p>6 G R A M M A R</p><p>simple present and continuous, action and nonaction verbs</p><p>a 19))) Listen again to some o f the things Steve said .(Circle) the form of the</p><p>verb he uses.</p><p>1 This week for example, I cook / I ’m cooking nearly every day. We usually close /</p><p>are usually closing on Sundays and Mondays, but this Monday is a public</p><p>holiday.</p><p>2 The British always say / are saying that everything is lovely.</p><p>3 Actually, I think I prefer / 1 am preferring that honesty, because it helps us to</p><p>know what people like.</p><p>4 Unfortunately, 1 think they get / they're getting worse. People eat / are eating</p><p>more unhealthily.</p><p>b With a partner, say why you think he has chosen each form.</p><p>c ^ p.132 Grammar Bank 1A. Learn more about the simple present and the</p><p>present continuous, and practice them.</p><p>d Make questions to ask your partner with the simple present or continuous.</p><p>Ask for more information.</p><p>On a typical day</p><p>- What / usually have for breakfast?</p><p>- / drink soda? How many glasses /</p><p>drink a day?</p><p>- Where / usually have lunch?</p><p>- What / usually have for lunch</p><p>during the week?</p><p>- / ever cook? What / make?</p><p>- / prefer eating at home or</p><p>eating out?</p><p>Right now / nowadays</p><p>- I need to buy any food today?</p><p>- / want anything to eat right now?</p><p>What?</p><p>- I take vitamins or food</p><p>supplements right now?</p><p>- / try to cut down on anything</p><p>right now?</p><p>- I the diet in your country / get</p><p>better or worse?</p><p>7 S P E A K IN G</p><p>WHAT DO YOU THINK?</p><p>1 Men are better cooks than women.</p><p>2 Both boys and girls should learn to cook at school.</p><p>3 Cheap restaurants usually serve bad food.</p><p>4 On a night out with friends, where and what you eat isn’t important.</p><p>5 Not all fast food is unhealthy.</p><p>6 Every country thinks that their cuisine is the best in the world.</p><p>a 1J13))) Listen to two people discussing sentence 1. W ho do you agree with</p><p>more, the man or the woman? Why?</p><p>b 1 14))) Listen to the phrases in the Useful language box. Copy the intonation.</p><p>Useful language: Giving your opinion (1)</p><p>I agree. I’m not sure. For example,...</p><p>I don’t agree. (I think) it depends. In my opinion...</p><p>c In small groups, say what you think about sentences 2 -6 . Try to use the</p><p>U seful language phrases.</p><p>Online Practice 1A 7</p><p>G future forms: present continuous, going to, will / won’t</p><p>V fam ily adjectives o f personality</p><p>P sentence stress, word stress, adjective endings</p><p>Are you seeing</p><p>your grandparents</p><p>this weekend?</p><p>IB Family life</p><p>No, I’m going to</p><p>stay home. I'll</p><p>probably see them</p><p>next weekend.</p><p>1 V O C A B U L A R Y & S P E A K IN G</p><p>family</p><p>a Look at some photos showing family members.</p><p>W hat’s happening in each one? What do you think the</p><p>relationship is between the people?</p><p>b With a partner, explain the difference between</p><p>each pair.</p><p>1 a father and a parent</p><p>2 a mother and a stepmother</p><p>3 a brother and a brother-in-law</p><p>4 a grandfather and a great-grandfather</p><p>5 a nephew and a niece</p><p>6 a child and an only child</p><p>7 your immediate family and your extended family</p><p>c Read Changing—f o r the better and try to guess what</p><p>the missing percentages are. Choose from the list.</p><p>11% 43% 60% 67% 75%</p><p>d ly 15))) Listen and check. Do any o f the statistics</p><p>surprise you? Which ones do you think would be very</p><p>different if the survey was taken in your country?</p><p>e Work in small groups. Say what you think and give</p><p>reasons.</p><p>Do you th in k that...?</p><p>• families should have a meal together every day</p><p>• children should leave home as soon as they can</p><p>afford to</p><p>• parents and their teenaged children should spend</p><p>a lot of time together</p><p>• parents should be friends with their children on</p><p>social networking sites, e.g., Twitter</p><p>• elderly parents should live with their children</p><p>when they are too old to live alone</p><p>Useful language:</p><p>Giving your opinion (2)</p><p>We often use should + verb to say what we think is the</p><p>right thing or a good thing (to do), e.g.,</p><p>I think families should have dinner together every day</p><p>because...</p><p>I don’t think parents should be friends with their children</p><p>on Twitter because...</p><p>Changing -</p><p>for the better?</p><p>Family life is changing in th e US, but not in th e way</p><p>we m ight th in k . The resu lts of several different</p><p>US surveys expected to find th a t family relationships</p><p>w ere suffering because of th e decline in traditional</p><p>family stru ctu res.</p><p>However, some of th e resu lts were very surprising...</p><p>of young</p><p>adults under</p><p>25 and</p><p>of adults 30-34</p><p>still live at home</p><p>with their parents.</p><p>of families eat together every day.</p><p>say they have the TV on during</p><p>dinner.</p><p>think a new baby in</p><p>the family brings more</p><p>happiness.</p><p>of adults are happy</p><p>and enjoy their lives</p><p>without a lot of stress.</p><p>of adults are not happy</p><p>and have a lot of stress</p><p>or worry in their lives.</p><p>of teens feel close to</p><p>their family.</p><p>of teens want to spend</p><p>more time with their</p><p>parents.</p><p>of parents stay</p><p>connected with their</p><p>children on social</p><p>networks.</p><p>of parents worry about</p><p>what their kids post on</p><p>social networks.</p><p>of elderly women</p><p>live with a relative</p><p>such as a daughter,</p><p>daughter-in-law, or</p><p>grandchild.</p><p>2 G R A M M A R future forms</p><p>a 1> 16))) Listen to three dialogues between different family members. W ho is</p><p>talking to who (e.g., brother to sister)? What are they talking about?</p><p>b Listen again and match two sentences with each dialogue (1-3).</p><p>A I I I'll make you a cup o f tea. D [ ] I’m staying overnight there.</p><p>B I__I You'll drive too fast. E [__ | I'll drive really slowlv.</p><p>c D I'm not going to go to college yet. F Q It's going to be cold tonight.</p><p>c With a partner, decide which sentence (A -F) is...</p><p>] a plan or intention [__][__] a prediction ’_] an offer</p><p>I I an arrangement Q apromi.se</p><p>d V p.133 Grammar Bank IB . Learn</p><p>Does Sofia recommend her friend to Angela?</p><p>& Messages</p><p>Angela Vernon</p><p>Hi Sofia,</p><p>I hope you're well.</p><p>I'm looking for an au pair to look after Austin and Melissa,</p><p>and I remembered your Peruvian friend Marisol, who I met</p><p>last summer. She said she might be interested in working</p><p>in the US as an au pair, so I thought I would write and ask</p><p>her. The thing is, I don't really know her, so before I write</p><p>and suggest it, could you tell me a little about her (age,</p><p>personality, etc., and what she likes doing) so that I can see</p><p>if she would f i t in with the family? Please be honest!</p><p>Angela</p><p>Sofia Lugo</p><p>Hi Angela,</p><p>Marisol is one of my best friends, so of course I know her very</p><p>well. She's 22, and she just graduated from college with a</p><p>degree in economics, but she doesn't have a job yet, and I'm</p><p>sure she would be jQt£jr££t£d in going to the US. Her parents</p><p>are both doctors, and she has two younger brothers. She gets</p><p>along very well with them, and they are a very close family.</p><p>Marisol's an intelligent girl and very hardworking. She can</p><p>be really shy at first, but when she gets to know you she's</p><p>incredibly friendly. She loves children - she often takes care</p><p>of her brothers - so she has a lot of experience, and she's</p><p>also very l^spf)rj$ahje.</p><p>In her free time she likes going to the movies, listening to</p><p>music, and she's also very good atfo iogj^ghy-she always</p><p>has her camera with her. She's really jcicl^p^ru^Qt and happy</p><p>to do things on her own, so you won't have to worry about</p><p>taking her to places.</p><p>The only problem with Marisol is that she's a little fQrggtfulL</p><p>she sometimes loses things, like her keys, or her phone.</p><p>Also, to be honest her English isn't great, but I'm sure she'll</p><p>improve very quickly. I think Austin and Melissa will love her.</p><p>I hope this helps! Let me know if you need anything else.</p><p>Love,</p><p>Sofia</p><p>b The computer has found fiyejjjjeJfilig,</p><p>J33j t̂aisA§. it1 Sofia’s email. Can you</p><p>correct them?</p><p>c Read both emails again. Then cover them</p><p>and answer the questions from memory.</p><p>1 What five EE adjectives describe Marisol’s</p><p>personality?</p><p>2 What does she like doing in her free time?</p><p>3 What negative things does Sofia say about</p><p>Marisol?</p><p>4 Does Sofia think Marisol will get along</p><p>with Angela’s family?</p><p>d Look at the highlighted expressions we use</p><p>to modify adjectives. Put them in the correct</p><p>place in the chart.</p><p>Marisol is very. forgetful.</p><p>P Useful language: describing a person</p><p>He’s really/ very, etc. + positive adjective</p><p>(e.g., friendly, outgoing, etc.)</p><p>She's a little + negative adjective (e.g., messy,</p><p>shy, etc.)</p><p>He likes/ loves/ doesn't mind + verb + -ing</p><p>She's happy to + base form</p><p>He’s good j with children</p><p>at making new friends</p><p>e Imagine you received Angela’s message asking</p><p>about a friend of yours. W rite an email to</p><p>answer it. Plan what you’re going to write</p><p>using the paragraph headings below. Use</p><p>the Useful language box and Vocabulary</p><p>Bank Personality p. 153 to help you.</p><p>Paragraph 1 age, family, work / study</p><p>Paragraph 2 personality (good side)</p><p>Paragraph 3 hobbies and interests</p><p>Paragraph 4 any negative things?</p><p>f C heck your email for mistakes (grammar,</p><p>vocabulary, punctuation, and spelling).</p><p>< p . U</p><p>2 A N IN F O R M A L EM A IL</p><p>a Marisol went to the US and stayed for six months</p><p>with a couple, Angela and Matt, working as an</p><p>au pair. After going back to Peru, she sent them</p><p>an email. Look at the list o f things she says in her</p><p>email. Number them in a logical order 1-6 .</p><p>] She promises to send some photos.</p><p>] She thanks them for her stay and says how</p><p>much she enjoyed it.</p><p>I I She talks about what she’s been doing recently.</p><p>] She apologizes for not writing before.</p><p>I I She thanks them again and invites them to stay.</p><p>] She talks about the nice things that happened</p><p>when she was with them.</p><p>b Now read M arisol’s email and check your</p><p>answers to a.</p><p>c Correct eight mistakes in the email (gl^JQtpEtr,</p><p>p^jia ji^tion, and Sfleilitig.)</p><p>O Useful language: informal emails</p><p>Beginnings</p><p>Hi + name (or Dear + name if you want to be a little</p><p>more formal)</p><p>Sorry for not writing sooner, but...</p><p>Thank you / Thanks [so much) for (your letter,</p><p>having me to stay etc.)...</p><p>It was great to hear from you...</p><p>Endings</p><p>That’s all for now.</p><p>Hope to hear from you soon. / Looking forward to</p><p>hearing from you soon.</p><p>0Give my) regards / love to...</p><p>Best wishes / Love (from)</p><p>P.S. (when you want to add a short message at the</p><p>end of an email) I’ve attached a photo...</p><p>d Imagine you have some American friends in the</p><p>US, and you stayed with them for a week last</p><p>month. W rite an email to say thank you. Plan</p><p>what you're going to say. Use 1 -6 in a and the</p><p>U seful language box to help you.</p><p>e C heck your email for mistakes (grammar,</p><p>vocabulary, punctuation, and spelling).</p><p>< p . 2 1</p><p>From: Marisol [marisol_new@gmail.com]</p><p>To: Angela [angelav1970@yahoo.com]</p><p>Subject: Thanks</p><p>Hi Angela,</p><p>I'm really sorry for not writing sooner, but L^m very busy since I</p><p>got back!</p><p>Thanks for a wonderful six months. I loved being in Colorado, and</p><p>I had a great time. I also think my english got a little better... dQrit</p><p>you think?</p><p>It was so nice to take care of Austin and Melissa. I thought they</p><p>were adorable, and I think we had a fantastic time together. I have</p><p>really good memories - for example our travel to Denver and the</p><p>amusement park there!</p><p>I've been a little stressed these last few weeks, because I've</p><p>started working at a restaurant, while I look for a full-time job.</p><p>a waitress is very hard work, but I can now afford to rent an</p><p>apartment with Sofia and two other friends, and I'm saving fQi</p><p>iQ jjtly a car! I’ve also spent a lot of time with my family - my</p><p>brothers have changed so much over the past six months!</p><p>I've had several jugagg^s from Austin and Melissa since I've</p><p>been back! Please tell them from me that I miss them and that</p><p>LgttQd them some photos very soon.</p><p>That's all for now. Thanks again for everything. And I hope you</p><p>know you're welcome in Lima any time - my family would love to</p><p>meet you. Summer here is usually beautiful.</p><p>Hope to hear from you soon. Give my regards to Matt!</p><p>Best wishes,</p><p>Marisol</p><p>P.S. I've attached a photo I took of me with the kids. I hope you</p><p>like it!</p><p>Writing 114</p><p>mailto:marisol_new@gmail.com</p><p>mailto:angelav1970@yahoo.com</p><p>Writing</p><p>3 A N A R TIC LE FOR A M A G A Z IN E</p><p>a Look at the four forms o f public transportation in New</p><p>York City. W hich one do you think is probably...?</p><p>• the least expensive</p><p>• the healthiest</p><p>• the best if you want to see the sights of New York City</p><p>• the safest to use at night</p><p>b Read an article from an online magazine for foreign</p><p>students about public transportation in New York</p><p>City and check your answers to a. Then answer these</p><p>questions from memory.</p><p>1 What can you use a MetroCard for?</p><p>2 What kind of money do you have to use if you want to</p><p>pay cash to ride a New York City bus?</p><p>3 What’s the difference between a taxi and car service?</p><p>c Read the article again and fill in the blanks with a</p><p>preposition from the list.</p><p>around at in next to on (x2) on the top of with</p><p>O Useful language: transportation in your town</p><p>You can buy MetroCards at many places in New York City.</p><p>You need a ticket or card before you get on the subway.</p><p>(You = people in general)</p><p>Comparatives and superlatives:</p><p>Buses aren’t as quick as trains.</p><p>Riding a bike is the cheapest way to get around.</p><p>d W rite an article about transportation in your nearest</p><p>town or city for foreign students. P lan what headings</p><p>you're going to use and what to say about each form o f</p><p>transportation.</p><p>e C h eck your article for mistakes (grammar,</p><p>vocabulary, punctuation, and spelling).</p><p>< p .2 7</p><p>Transportation</p><p>in New York City</p><p>The Subway This is the quickest way to g e t1around</p><p>the city, and there are many subway stations a ll over New</p><p>York City. The cheapest way to use the subway is to get a</p><p>MetroCard. This is Like a phone card. You put money on</p><p>it, and you can add more when you need to. Then you use</p><p>it every time you g e t2________</p><p>the subway. You can buy</p><p>MetroCards at subway stations, newsstands, and even</p><p>from your employer.</p><p>Buses They can be quicker than the subway if there</p><p>isn't too much traffic. The easiest way to use the buses,</p><p>Like the subway, is to just use your MetroCard. You can</p><p>buy a single-ride ticket from machines 3________ some,</p><p>but not a ll bus stops. You can also pay cash (but</p><p>no pennies and no paper money) when you g e t4________</p><p>the bus. Traveling 5________ a private double-decker</p><p>bus is also a good way to see New York City.</p><p>Bikes Bikes are starting to become more popular in</p><p>New York City, especially 6________ tourists and people</p><p>who want to travel to parts o f the city. Like the waterfront</p><p>areas, where subways don't usually go. One o f the</p><p>newest bike-share programs is called C iti Bike. When you</p><p>rent a bike from C iti Bike, you get a key that Looks Like a</p><p>flash drive. You can use the key at any Citi Bike kiosk and</p><p>get a bike to ride fo r the day.</p><p>Taxis and Car Service New York C ity's ye llow</p><p>taxis are expensive, but they are comfortable, and the</p><p>taxi drivers know shortcuts through the city to get you</p><p>to places quickly. You usually te l l the driver where you</p><p>want to go when you g e t7________ the taxi. Car service</p><p>is made up o f normal cars that work fo r a company, and</p><p>you have to ca ll them ahead o f tim e to pick you up. They</p><p>are more expensive than taxis. Taxis and car service are</p><p>probably the safest way to travel Late8________ night.</p><p>subway double-decker bus j</p><p>taxibike</p><p>4 TE LLIN G A S T O R Y</p><p>DISASTROUS TRIPS!a A magazine asked its readers to send in</p><p>stories o f a time they got lost. Read the story</p><p>once. Why did Bethany and her husband get</p><p>lost? What else went wrong?</p><p>b Read the story again and complete it with a</p><p>connecting word or phrase from the list.</p><p>although as soon as because but</p><p>instead of so then when</p><p>P Useful language: getting lost</p><p>We were going in the wrong direction.</p><p>We took the wrong exit / turn.</p><p>We turned right instead o f left.</p><p>We didn't know where we were.</p><p>We had to turn around and go back in the</p><p>opposite direction.</p><p>c W rite about a trip where you got lost</p><p>(or invent one) to send to the magazine.</p><p>P lan what you’re going to write using the</p><p>paragraph headings below. Use the U sefu l</p><p>language to help you.</p><p>Paragraph 1 When was the journey? Where</p><p>were you going? Who with?</p><p>Why?</p><p>Paragraph 2 How did you get lost? What</p><p>happened?</p><p>Paragraph 3 What happened in the end?</p><p>d C h eck your story for mistakes (grammar,</p><p>vocabulary, punctuation, and spelling).</p><p>< p .47</p><p>We asked you to te ll us about a tim e you got lost.</p><p>Bethany from the US w ro te to us...</p><p>ANDORRA</p><p>larragona</p><p>Madrid</p><p>BALEARIC</p><p>ISLANDS</p><p>Alicante,</p><p>200 miles</p><p>This happened a few years ago. My husband and I had rented a</p><p>house in Galicia fo r a summer vacation. We were going to firs t</p><p>drive to Tarragona, to stay fo r a few days with some friends,</p><p>and 1 then drive from Tarragona to Galicia.</p><p>The first part of the trip was fine. We were using our new GPS for the</p><p>first time, and it took us right to the door of our friends' house. Three</p><p>days later,2________we continued our trip, we put in the name of the</p><p>small town in Galicia, Nigran, which was our final destination. We started</p><p>off, obediently following the instructions, but after a while we realized</p><p>tha t3________driving west toward Lerida, we were going north. In</p><p>fact, soon we were very close to Andorra. I was sure we were going in</p><p>the wrong direction,4________my husband wanted to do what the</p><p>GPS was telling us - it was his new toy! It was only when we started</p><p>seeing mountains that even he admitted this couldn't be the right way.</p><p>5________we stopped, got out an old map, and then turned around!</p><p>We had wasted almost two hours going in the wrong direction!</p><p>It was an awful tr ip 6________as well as getting lost, when we were</p><p>almost at our destination we had another problem. We stopped for a</p><p>coffee, bu t7________we got back onto the road, we realized that we</p><p>had left our dog under the table in the cafe! For the second time that</p><p>day we had to turn around and go back. Luckily, the dog was still there!</p><p>However,8________ the beginning of our trip was a disaster, we had a</p><p>wonderful vacation!</p><p>Writing 116</p><p>GALICIAX __</p><p>F R A N C E</p><p>Lerida</p><p>'</p><p>Listening</p><p>ı 6»)</p><p>A I u su a lly h av e m e a t o r s e a f o o d . U su a lly s h r im p</p><p>o r s o m e th in g a s a n a p p e tiz e r a n d th e n m a y b e</p><p>la m b fo r th e m a in c o u rs e .</p><p>B I o f t e n h av e re a d y -m a d e v e g e ta b le so u p s th a t you</p><p>ju s t h av e to h e a t u p - in fa c t , th e y ’r e th e o n ly</p><p>v e g e ta b le s I ev e r e a t ! A n d I u su a lly h av e a co u p le</p><p>o f fr o z e n p iz z a s in th e f r e e z e r fo r e m e r g e n c ie s .</p><p>I d o n ’t r e a lly o rd e r ta k e -o u t w h e n I ’m o n m y</p><p>o w n , b u t i f I ’m w ith fr ie n d s in th e e v e n in g , w e</p><p>s o m e t im e s o rd e r C h in e s e fo o d fo r d in n e r .</p><p>C E g g s a n d s o d a . I h av e e g g s fo r b r e a k fa s t a t le a s t</p><p>tw ic e a w e e k , a n d I d r in k a c o u p le o f c a n s o f so d a</p><p>e v e ry day.</p><p>D I f l ’m fe e lin g d o w n , c h ic k e n so u p , w ith n ic e b ig</p><p>p ie c e s o f c h ic k e n in it . I t ’s w a r m a n d c o m f o r t in g .</p><p>U h , I u su ally h ave a b a n a n a b e fo r e g o in g to th e g y m .</p><p>I f I k n o w I’m g o in g to h ave a re a lly lo n g m eetin g ,</p><p>I u su ally have a c o ffe e a n d a c u p ca k e b e ca u se I th in k</p><p>it w ill k e ep m e aw ake an d giv e m e energy.</p><p>E F r u it - c h e r r ie s , s t r a w b e r r ie s , r a s p b e r r ie s , an d</p><p>ap p le s . V e g e ta b le s - p e p p e rs , to m a t o e s , and</p><p>c u c u m b e r s . T h e o n ly th in g 1 re a lly d o n 't lik e is</p><p>z u c c h in i . I c a n ’t ev en s ta n d th e sm e ll o f it.</p><p>1 7»)</p><p>P a r t 1</p><p>I n t e r v i e w e r W h a t w a s y o u r fa v o r ite fo o d w h en</p><p>y o u w e re a c h ild ?</p><p>S t e v e W e ll , 1 a lw a y s l ik e d u n u s u a l t h in g s , a t le a s t</p><p>th in g s t h a t m o s t E n g lis h c h ild r e n a t th e t im e</p><p>d id n ’t lik e . F o r in s ta n c e , w h e n I w a s s ix o r sev en</p><p>m y fa v o r ite th in g s w e re s n a ils , o h a n d p ra w n s</p><p>w ith g a r lic .</p><p>I n t e r v i e w e r F u n n y th in g s fo r a s ix -y e a r-o ld</p><p>E n g lis h b o y to lik e !</p><p>S t e v e W e ll , th e th in g is m y p a r e n ts l ik e d tr a v e lin g</p><p>a n d e a t in g o u t a lo t , a n d 1 f i r s t tr ie d s n a i ls in</p><p>F r a n c e , a n d th e p ra w n s , m y f ir s t p r a w n s I h a d a t a</p><p>S p a n is h r e s ta u r a n t in th e to w n w h e re w e lived .</p><p>I n t e r v i e w e r S o y o u w e re in te r e s te d in S p a n is h</p><p>fo o d r ig h t f r o m th e s t a r t . Is th a t w h y y o u d e c id e d</p><p>t o c o m e to S p a in ?</p><p>S t e v e P a rtly , b u t o f c o u r s e , I su p p o s e lik e a lo t o f</p><p>B r it is h p e o p le I w a n te d to s e e th e s u n ! T h e o th e r</p><p>th in g th a t a t t r a c te d m e w h e n I g o t h e re w e re all</p><p>th e fa n ta s t ic in g r e d ie n ts . I r e m e m b e r g o in g in to</p><p>th e m a r k e t fo r th e f i r s t t im e a n d s a y in g “W o w !”</p><p>I n t e r v i e w e r W h e n y o u o p e n e d y o u r re s ta u r a n t ,</p><p>h o w d id y o u w a n t it to b e d if fe r e n t fr o m ty p ica l</p><p>S p a n is h re s ta u r a n ts ?</p><p>S t e v e W e ll , w h e n 1 c a m e to S p a in , a ll th e g o o d</p><p>r e s ta u r a n ts w e re v e ry fo r m a l, v e ry t r a d it io n a l . In</p><p>L o n d o n th e n , th e fa s h io n w a s fo r in fo r m a l p la c e s</p><p>w h e r e th e w a ite r s w o r e je a n s , b u t th e fo o d w a s</p><p>a m</p><p>a z in g . S o I w a n te d a r e s ta u r a n t a b i t l ik e th a t.</p><p>I a ls o w a n te d a r e s ta u r a n t w h e r e y o u c o u ld tr y</p><p>m o re in te r n a t io n a l fo o d , b u t m a d e w ith s o m e o f</p><p>th e s e fa n ta s t ic lo c a l in g r e d ie n ts . F o r e x a m p le ,</p><p>S p a in ’s g o t w o n d e r fu l s e a fo o d , b u t u su a lly h ere</p><p>i t ’s ju s t g r il le d o r f r ie d . I s ta r te d d o in g th in g s in</p><p>m y r e s ta u r a n t l ik e c o o k in g V a le n c ia n m u sse ls in</p><p>T h a i g r e e n c u r r y p a ste .</p><p>I n t e r v i e w e r W h a t d o y o u m o s t e n jo y c o o k in g ?</p><p>S t e v e W h a t 1 m o s t e n jo y c o o k in g , 1 th in k , a re</p><p>th o s e tr a d it io n a l d is h e s w h ic h u se q u ite ch e a p</p><p>in g r e d ie n ts , b u t th e y n e e d v e ry lo n g a n d c a re fu l</p><p>c o o k in g , a n d th e n y o u tu r n it in to s o m e th in g</p><p>re a lly s p e c ia l .. . l ik e a re a lly g o o d c a s s e r o le , fo r</p><p>e x a m p le .</p><p>I n t e r v i e w e r A n d is th e r e a n y th in g y o u d o n ’t lik e</p><p>c o o k in g ?</p><p>122</p><p>S t e v e M a y b e d e s s e r ts . Y o u h av e to b e v e ry v e ry</p><p>p r e c is e w h e n y o u 'r e m a k in g d e s s e r ts . A n d t h a t ’s</p><p>n o t th e w ay I am .</p><p>1 8»)</p><p>P a r t 2</p><p>I n t e r v i e w e r W h a t ’s th e b e s t th in g a b o u t r u n n in g</p><p>a r e s ta u r a n t?</p><p>S t e v e I th in k th e b e s t th in g is m a k in g p e o p le</p><p>h ap p y . T h a t ’s w h y ev en a f t e r a ll th is t im e I s t il l</p><p>e n jo y it s o m u c h .</p><p>I n t e r v i e w e r A n d th e w o r s t th in g ?</p><p>S t e v e T h a t ’s ea sy , it h a s to b e th e lo n g h o u rs . T h is</p><p>w e e k fo r e x a m p le . I ’m c o o k in g n e a r ly ev ery day.</p><p>W e u su a lly c lo s e o n S u n d a y s a n d M o n d a y s , b u t</p><p>th is M o n d a y is a p u b lic h o lid a y , w h e n lo ts o f</p><p>p e o p le w a n t to e a t o u t , s o w e ’re o p e n .</p><p>I n t e r v i e w e r S e u X e r e a is in a ll th e B r it is h</p><p>r e s ta u r a n t g u id e s n o w . D o e s th a t m e a n y o u g e t a</p><p>lo t o f B r it is h c u s to m e r s ?</p><p>S t e v e Y es , w e g e t a lo t o f B r i t is h p e o p le , e s p e c ia lly</p><p>a t th e w e e k e n d s , b u t th e n w e g e t p e o p le fr o m</p><p>o th e r c o u n tr ie s , to o .</p><p>I n t e r v i e w e r A n d a r e th e B r i t is h c u s to m e r s a n d th e</p><p>S p a n is h c u s to m e r s v e ry d if fe r e n t?</p><p>S t e v e Y e s , I th in k th e y a re . T h e B r it is h a lw ay s say</p><p>th a t e v e ry th in g is lovely , ev en i f th e y ’ve o n ly ea ten</p><p>h a l f o f i t . T h e S p a n is h , o n th e o th e r h a n d , a re</p><p>a b so lu te ly h o n e s t a b o u t e v e ry th in g . T h e y te lly o u</p><p>w h a t th ey lik e ; th e y te ll y o u w h a t th ey d o n ’t lik e . I</p><p>re m e m b e r w h en 1 f ir s t o p e n e d , I h ad su sh i o n th e</p><p>m e n u , w h ich w a s very u n u su a l a t th a t tim e , an d 1</p><p>w e n t in to th e d in in g ro o m , a n d I sa id to p e o p le , “S o</p><p>w h a t d o y o u th in k o f th e s u s h ? ” A n d th e c u s to m e rs ,</p><p>w h o w e re a ll S p a n is h , sa id “O h , it w a s a w fu l! It w as</p><p>raw f is h !” A ctu a lly , I th in k 1 p re fe r th a t h o n esty ,</p><p>b e c a u se it h e lp s u s to k n o w w h a t p eo p le like .</p><p>I n t e r v i e w e r W h a t k in d o f c u s to m e r s d o y o u fin d</p><p>d if f ic u l t?</p><p>S t e v e I th in k c u s t o m e r s w h o w a n t m e t o c o o k</p><p>s o m e t h in g in a w a y t h a t 1 d o n ’t th in k is v ery</p><p>g o o d . L e t ’s s e e , a p e r s o n w h o a s k s f o r a re a lly</p><p>w e ll-d o n e s t e a k , fo r in s ta n c e . F o r m e t h a t ’s a</p><p>d i f f i c u l t c u s to m e r . Y o u k n o w , say , “ I w a n t s t e a k ,”</p><p>s o I g iv e th e m a r e a lly r e a lly w e ll-d o n e s t e a k , an d</p><p>th e n th e y say “ I t ’s to u g h .” A n d I th in k w e ll, o f</p><p>c o u r s e i t ’s to u g h . I t ’s w ell d o n e ! W e ll-d o n e s te a k</p><p>is a lw a y s to u g h .</p><p>I n t e r v i e w e r P e o p le say th a t th e M e d ite r r a n e a n</p><p>d ie t is v e ry h e a lth y . D o y o u th in k p e o p le ’s e a t in g</p><p>h a b its in S p a in a r e c h a n g in g ?</p><p>S t e v e W e ll , i th in k th e y a re c h a n g in g -</p><p>u n fo r tu n a te ly I th in k th e y ’r e g e t t in g w o rse .</p><p>P e o p le a re e a t in g m o re u n h e a lth ily .</p><p>I n t e r v i e w e r H o w d o y o u n o t ic e th a t?</p><p>S t e v e I s e e it w ith , e s p e c ia l ly w ith y o u n g e r fr ie n d s .</p><p>T h e y o f t e n e a t in fa s t-fo o d r e s ta u r a n ts , th e y d o n ’t</p><p>c o o k .. . a n d a c tu a lly th e y o u n g e r o n e s c o m e fr o m a</p><p>g e n e r a t io n w h e re th e i r m o th e r s d o n 't c o o k e ith e r .</p><p>T h a t ’s w h a t’s h a p p e n in g n o w , a n d i t ’s a r e a l p ity .</p><p>1 27)))</p><p>I n t e r v i e w e r T h is m o r n in g w e ’r e ta lk in g a b o u t</p><p>fa m ily a n d fa m ily l i fe , a n d n o w D a n ie l le B a r n e s</p><p>is g o in g to te ll u s a b o u t a b o o k s h e h a s ju s t read</p><p>c a lle d Birth Order b y L in d a B la ir . S o w h a t’s th e</p><p>b o o k a b o u t , D a n ie l le ?</p><p>D a n i e l l e W e ll , it 's a ll a b o u t h o w o u r p o s itio n in th e</p><p>fa m ily in f lu e n c e s th e k in d o f p e rso n w e a re . I m e a n</p><p>w h e th e r w e’re f ir s t b o r n , a m id d le c h ild , a y o u n g e s t</p><p>c h ild , o r an o n ly c h ild . L in d a B la ir a rg u e s th a t o u r</p><p>p o s itio n in th e fa m ily is p o ss ib ly th e s tro n g e s t</p><p>in f lu e n c e o n o u r c h a r a c te r a n d p e rso n a lity .</p><p>I n t e r v i e w e r S o t e l l u s m o r e a b o u t th is , D a n ie lle .</p><p>W h a t a b o u t th e o ld e s t c h ild r e n in a fa m ily , th e</p><p>f i r s t -b o r n ?</p><p>D a n i e l l e W e ll f i r s t - b o r n c h ild r e n o f t e n h av e to</p><p>ta k e c a r e o f th e i r y o u n g e r b r o t h e r s a n d s is te r s , so</p><p>th e y ’r e u su a lly s e n s ib le a n d re s p o n s ib le a s a d u lts .</p><p>T h e y a ls o te n d to b e a m b it io u s , a n d th e y m a k e</p><p>g o o d le a d e rs . M a n y U S P r e s id e n ts a n d B r it is h</p><p>P r im e M in is t e r s , in c lu d in g f o r e x a m p le A b ra h a m</p><p>L in c o ln w e re o ld e s t c h ild r e n .</p><p>O n th e n eg ativ e s id e , o ld e s t c h ild r e n c a n b e in s e c u re</p><p>an d a n x io u s . T h i s is b e c a u se w h en th e se c o n d ch ild</p><p>w a s b o r n , lie o r sh e lo st so m e o f h is o r h e r p a re n ts ’</p><p>a t te n tio n an d m ay b e h e o r s h e fe lt re je c te d .</p><p>I n t e r v i e w e r T h a t ’s v e ry in te r e s t in g . W h a t a b o u t</p><p>th e m id d le c h ild ?</p><p>D a n i e l l e M id d le c h ild r e n a re u su a lly m o re re la x e d</p><p>th a n o ld e s t c h ild r e n . T h a t ’s p ro b a b ly b e c a u se</p><p>th e p a re n ts a r e m o re re la x e d th e m s e lv e s by th e</p><p>t im e th e s e c o n d c h ild a rr iv e s . T h e y ’re u su a lly</p><p>v e ry s o c ia b le - th e k in d o f p e o p le w h o g e t a lo n g</p><p>w ith e v e ry b o d y , a n d th e y ’re a ls o u su a lly s e n s it iv e</p><p>to w h a t o th e r p e o p le n e e d . N o w , th is is b e c a u se</p><p>th ey grew ' u p b e tw e e n o ld e r a n d y o u n g e r b r o th e r s</p><p>a n d s is te r s . F o r th e s a m e r e a s o n th e y a r e o fte n</p><p>g o o d a t s o r t in g o</p><p>u t a r g u m e n ts , a n d th e y 're a lw a y s</p><p>s y m p a th e t ic to th e o n e s o n th e lo s in g s id e , o r in</p><p>g e n e r a l t o p e o p le w h o a r e h a v in g p r o b le m s . O n</p><p>th e o th e r h a n d , m id d le c h ild r e n c a n s o m e t im e s b e</p><p>u n a m b it io u s , a n d th e y c a n la ck d ir e c t io n in life .</p><p>I n t e r v i e w e r A n d y o u n g e s t c h ild r e n ?</p><p>D a n i e l l e I w a s v e ry in te r e s te d in th is p a r t o f</p><p>th e b o o k b e c a u s e I ’m a y o u n g e s t c h ild m y se lf .</p><p>It s e e m s th a t y o u n g e s t c h ild r e n a re o f t e n v e ry</p><p>o u tg o in g a n d c h a r m in g . T h i s is th e w a y th e y try</p><p>to g e t th e a tte n tio n o f b o th t h e i r p a r e n ts a n d th e ir</p><p>o ld e r b r o th e r s a n d s is te r s .</p><p>T h e y a re o f t e n m o re r e b e llio u s , a n d th is is</p><p>p ro b a b ly b e c a u s e i t ’s e a s ie r f o r th e y o u n g e s t</p><p>c h ild r e n to b r e a k th e r u l e s - b y th is t im e th e ir</p><p>p a re n ts a re m o r e re la x e d a b o u t d is c ip lin e .</p><p>O n th e n e g a tiv e s id e , y o u n g e s t c h ild r e n c a n be</p><p>im m a tu r e a n d d is o r g a n iz e d , a n d th e y o fte n</p><p>d e p e n d t o o m u c h o n o th e r p e o p le . T h is is b e c a u s e</p><p>th e y h av e a lw a y s b e e n th e b a b y o f t h e fa m ily .</p><p>I n t e r v i e w e r F a s c in a t in g . A n d fin a lly , w h a t a b o u t</p><p>o n ly c h ild r e n ?</p><p>D a n i e l l e O n ly c h ild r e n u su a lly d o v e ry w e ll at</p><p>s c h o o l b e c a u s e th e y h av e a lo t o f c o n t a c t w ith</p><p>a d u lts . T h e y g e t a lo t o f lo v e a n d a t te n tio n fro m</p><p>th e ir p a r e n ts , s o th e y ’re ty p ica lly s e lf - c o n f id e n t .</p><p>T h e y ’re a ls o in d e p e n d e n t b e c a u s e th e y ’re u sed to</p><p>b e in g by th e m s e lv e s . A n d b e c a u s e th e y sp e n d a lo t</p><p>o f t im e w ith a d u lts th e y ’re u su a lly v e ry o rg a n iz e d .</p><p>I n t e r v i e w e r I ’m a n o n ly c h ild m y s e l f a n d p eo p le</p><p>a lw a y s th in k th a t I m u s t b e sp o ile d . I s th a t tru e ,</p><p>a c c o r d in g to L in d a B la ir?</p><p>D a n i e l l e W e ll, i t ’s tr u e th a t o n ly ch ild re n ca n</p><p>s o m e tim e s b e sp o iled by th e ir p a re n ts b ecau se</p><p>th e y ’re g iv en e v e ry th in g th e y ask fo r . A ls o , o n th e</p><p>n eg ativ e sid e , o n ly ch ild ren ca n b e s e lf ish , a n d th ey</p><p>c a n a lso b e im p a tie n t, e sp e c ia lly w h en th in g s g o</p><p>w r o n g .T h is is b e ca u se th e y ’r e n o t u sed to so rt in g</p><p>out p ro b le m s w ith o th e r b ro th e rs a n d siste rs .</p><p>1 28)))</p><p>J e n n y M y n a m e ’s je n n y Z ie l in s k i. A n d N e w Y ork</p><p>is m y c ity . I liv e h e re a n d I w o rk fo r a m a g a z in e ,</p><p>NewYork24seven.</p><p>R o b M y n a m e ’s R o b W a lk e r . I ’m a w r i te r o n</p><p>NewYork24seven. Y o u c a n p ro b a b ly te ll fr o m</p><p>m y a c c e n t th a t I ’m n o t a c tu a lly f r o m N e w Y o rk .</p><p>I ’m B r i t is h , a n d 1 c a m e o v e r to th e S t a t e s a few</p><p>m o n th s ag o .</p><p>J e n n y I m e t R o b in L o n d o n w h e n I w a s v is i t in g</p><p>th e U K o n a w o rk tr ip . H e w a s w r it in g fo r th e</p><p>L o n d o n e d it io n o f 24seven. W e g o t a lo n g w e ll</p><p>r ig h t aw ay. I re a lly l ik e d h im .</p><p>R o b S o w h y a m 1 in N ew Y o r k ? B e c a u s e o f Je n n y ,</p><p>o f c o u r s e . W h e n th e y g av e m e th e o p p o r tu n ity</p><p>t o w o rk h e re fo r a m o n th , I to o k it im m e d ia te ly .</p><p>I t g av e u s th e c h a n c e to g e t to k n o w e a c h o th e r</p><p>b e t te r . W h e n th e y o f fe r e d m e a p e r m a n e n t jo b I</p><p>c o u ld n ’t b e lie v e it!</p><p>J e n n y I h e lp ed R o b fin d a n a p a r tm e n t . A n d n o w</p><p>h e re w e a re . T o g e th e r in N e w Y o rk . I 'm s o h ap p y . I</p><p>ju s t h o p e R o b ’s h ap p y h e re , to o .</p><p>R o b I r e a lly lo v ed l iv in g in L o n d o n . A lo t o f m y</p><p>fr ie n d s a n d fa m ily a r e th e r e , so o f c o u r s e I s t il l</p><p>m is s i t . B u t N ew Y o r k ’s a fa n ta s t ic c ity . I ’v e g o t a</p><p>g r e a t jo b a n d Je n n y ’s h e re , to o .</p><p>J e n n y T h in g s a r e c h a n g in g p re tty fa s t in th e o f f ic e .</p><p>W e h ave a n e w b o s s , D o n T a y lo r . A n d th in g s a re</p><p>c h a n g in g in m y p e r s o n a l l i fe , to o . T h is e v e n in g 's</p><p>k in d o f im p o r t a n t . I ’m ta k in g R o b to m e e t m y</p><p>p a r e n ts f o r th e v e ry f i r s t t im e . 1 ju s t h o p e it g o e s</p><p>w e ll!</p><p>1 29)))</p><p>J e n n y I c a n ’t b e lie v e w e g o t h e re s o la te .</p><p>R o b I ’m s o rr y , Je n n y . I h a d t o f in is h th a t a r t i c le fo r</p><p>D o n .</p><p>J e n n y D o n ’t fo r g e t th e c h o c o la te s .</p><p>R o b O K .</p><p>R o b O h , n o !</p><p>J e n n y I d on ’t b e liev e it. D o n 't te ll m e y o u fo rg o t th em !?</p><p>R o b I th in k th e y ’re s t i l l o n m y d esk .</p><p>J e n n y Y o u 're k id d in g .</p><p>R o b Y o u k n o w w h a t m y d e s k ’s lik e .</p><p>J e n n y Y e a h , i t ’s a c o m p le te m e s s . W h y d o n ’t you</p><p>e v e r tid y it?</p><p>R o b W e c o u ld g o a n d b u y s o m e m o re .</p><p>J e n n y H o w ca n w e gel so m e m o re ? W e 're a lread y late !</p><p>J e n n y H i, th e r e !</p><p>H a r r y Y o u m a d e it!</p><p>J e n n y S o r r y w e ’r e la te . S o , th is is m y m o m a n d d ad ,</p><p>H a r r y a n d S a lly . A n d th is , o f c o u r s e , is R o b .</p><p>R o b H e llo .</p><p>S a l l y I t 's s o n ic e to m e e t y o u a t la s t.</p><p>H a r r y Y e s , je n n y 's f in a lly d e c id e d to in tro d u c e</p><p>y o u to us.</p><p>S a l l y C o m e in , c o m e in !</p><p>J e n n y M o m , I ’m re a lly s o r r y - w e b o u g h t y o u s o m e</p><p>c h o c o la te s , b u t w e le f t th e m a t th e o f f ic e .</p><p>S a l l y W h a t a p ity . N e v e r m in d .</p><p>H a r r y Y e a h , d o n ’t w o r ry a b o u t it . W e k n o w w h a t</p><p>a b u sy y o u n g w o m a n y o u a re . A n d y o u r m o m h a s</p><p>m a d e w ay to o m u c h fo o d f o r t h is e v e n in g an y w ay .</p><p>S a l l y O h , H a r ry .</p><p>J e n n y B u t i a ls o h av e so m e g o o d n ew s.</p><p>S a l l y R e a lly ? W h a t ’s th a t?</p><p>J e n n y W e ll ,y o u k n o w w e h av e a n ew b o s s ? H e ’s</p><p>s t i l l n ew to th e jo b a n d n e e d s s u p p o rt , s o to d a y h e</p><p>m a d e m e th e m a n a g in g e d ito r o f th e m a g a z in e .</p><p>S a l l y S o y o u ’v e g o t a p r o m o t io n ? H o w fa n ta s t ic !</p><p>H a r r y T h a t ’s g r e a t n e w s! H ey , d o e s th a t m e a n</p><p>Je n n y ’s g o in g to b e y o u r b o s s , R o b ?</p><p>R o b U K ... y e s , 1 g u e s s so .</p><p>J e n n y W e ll , n o t e x a c tly . I ’m a m a n a g e r , b u t I ’m n o t</p><p>R o b ’s m a n a g e r .</p><p>S a l l y L e t ’s g o a n d h ave d in n e r .</p><p>J e n n y W h a t a g r e a t id ea !</p><p>1 32)))</p><p>H a r r y Y o u k n o w , o u r Je n n y l ia s d o n e in c r e d ib ly</p><p>w e ll, R o b . S h e ’s th e f i r s t m e m b e r o f o u r fa m ily</p><p>to s tu d y a t H a r v a rd . S h e 's a v e ry c a p a b le an d</p><p>a m b it io u s y o u n g w o m a n .</p><p>J e n n y O il , D a d .</p><p>R o b N o , i t ’s t r u e , Je n n y .</p><p>H a r r y B u t w h a t a b o u t y o u , R o b ? i lo w d o you se e y ou r</p><p>c a re e r? D o y o u se e y o u r s e lf g o in g in to m a n ag em en t?</p><p>R o b M e ? N o . N o t re a lly . I 'm m o re o f a ... a w r ite</p><p>r .</p><p>H a r r y R e a lly ? W h a t k in d o f th in g s d o y o u w r ite ?</p><p>R o b U m .. .y o u k n o w , in te r v ie w s , re v ie w s ... th in g s</p><p>lik e th a t . . . a n d I ’m d o in g a lo t o f w o rk fo r th e</p><p>o n lin e m a g a z in e ...</p><p>J e n n y R o b ’s a v e ry ta le n te d w r ite r , D a d . H e ’s v ery</p><p>c r e a t iv e .</p><p>H a r r y T h a t ’s g r e a t , b u t b e in g c re a t iv e d o e s n ’t</p><p>a lw a y s pay th e b ills .</p><p>J e n n y Y o u k n o w , m y d a d ’s a v e ry k e e n</p><p>p h o to g r a p h e r . H e t o o k a ll o f th e s e p h o to s .</p><p>H a r r y O h , R o b w o n ’t b e in te r e s te d in th o s e .</p><p>R o b B u t 1 a m in te r e s te d . I m e a n , I lik e p h o to g ra p h y .</p><p>A n d I th in k 1 r e c o g n iz e so m e o f th e s e p e o p le .. .</p><p>H a r r y T h a t ’s b e c a u s e m o s t o f th e m a r e o f Je n n y .</p><p>R o b B u t th e r e a r e s o m e g r e a t ja z z m u s ic ia n s , to o .</p><p>T h a t ’s M ile s D a v is ... a n d is n 't th a t Jo h n C o itr a n e ?</p><p>A n d t h a t ’s W y n to n M a rs a lis .</p><p>H a r r y Y o u k n o w a b o u t W y n to n M a r s a lis ?</p><p>R o b K n o w a b o u t h im ? I ’v e in te r v ie w e d h im !</p><p>H a r r y H o w in c r e d ib le ! I lo v e th a t g u y . H e ’s a h ero</p><p>o f m in e .</p><p>R o b W e ll , h e ’s a re a lly n ic e g u y . I sp e n t a w h o le day</p><p>w ith h im , c h a t t in g a n d w a tc h in g h im re h e a rs e .</p><p>H a r r y R e a lly ? I w a n t to h e a r a l l a b o u t it.</p><p>S a l l y H a v e a c o o k ie , R o b .</p><p>H a r r y G o a h e a d , s o n ! S a l ly m a k e s th e b e s t c o o k ie s</p><p>in N e w Y o rk !</p><p>1 40)))</p><p>1 I ’m a s p e n d e r , I th in k . 1 tr y to sa v e , b u t s o m e th in g</p><p>a lw a y s s e e m s to c o m e a lo n g th a t I n e e d to buy ,</p><p>a n d I en d u p b r o k e . I c a n g e t b y w ith v e ry l it t le</p><p>m o n e y fo r m y s e l f w h e n I n e e d to , b u t I d o n ’t se e m</p><p>to b e g o o d a t h o ld in g o n to it . A ls o , i f m y k id s ask</p><p>to b o r r o w s o m e m o n e y , I a lw a y s say y e s .</p><p>2 I w o u ld s a y th a t I ’m a sp e n d e r , i sp e n d m o n e y</p><p>o n th in g s l ik e c o n c e r ts o r o n t r ip s b e c a u s e I lik e</p><p>h a v in g th e e x p e r ie n c e a n d th e m e m o r ie s . I k n o w</p><p>th a t 1 sh o u ld sp e n d m y m o n e y o n t i l in g s th a t la s t,</p><p>o r sav e fo r th e fu tu r e , b u t 1 d o n ’t w a n t to m is s a ll</p><p>th o s e g o o d t i l in g s t h a t a r e h a p p e n in g r ig h t now .</p><p>3 I c o n s id e r m y s e l f a sp e n d e r . I d o n ’t h av e m u ch</p><p>m o n e y , b u t w h e n 1 d o h av e s o m e th e r e ’s a lw a y s</p><p>s o m e t h in g I n e e d o r w a n t to s p e n d it o n . 1 love</p><p>c o m p u te r s a n d c o m p u te r g a m e s , s o I b u y th in g s</p><p>to m a k e s u r e m y c o m p u te r i s a lw a y s u p to d a te .</p><p>I k n o w i t ’s n o t v e ry s e n s ib le , b u t i t ’s im p o r ta n t</p><p>to m e .</p><p>4 T h a t ’s h a rd to say. I c a n sa v e m o n e y i f th e r e ’s</p><p>s o m e t h in g I re a lly , re a lly w a n t, b u t u su a lly m y</p><p>m o n e y d is a p p e a r s a s s o o n a s I g e t it . I g e t so m e</p><p>m o n e y fr o m m y p a r e n ts e v e ry w e e k , s o 1 h ave</p><p>ju s t e n o u g h m o n e y t o g o to th e m o v ie s w ith m y</p><p>f r ie n d s a n d to b u y s o m e t h in g fo r m y s e lf , m a y b e</p><p>a b o o k o r a D V D o r s o m e m a k e u p .. . I u su a lly en d</p><p>u p b u y in g s o m e th in g . B u t, fo r e x a m p le , i f I w a n t</p><p>to g o o n a t r i p w ith m y fr ie n d s , th e n I c a n m a k e</p><p>a n e f f o r t a n d sav e s o m e m o n e y fo r a fe w w e e k s .</p><p>5 S in c e I w a s l i t t le , I ’v e a lw a y s sa v ed a b o u t a</p><p>th ir d o f th e m o n e y I g e t . I w o u ld n e v e r th in k o f</p><p>s p e n d in g a ll th e m o n e y 1 h a v e . Y o u c o u ld say th a t</p><p>I ’m c a r e fu l a b o u t m o n e y . W h e n 1 w a n t to bu y</p><p>s o m e t h in g t h a t ’s e x p e n s iv e , I d o n ’t u se a c re d it</p><p>c a rd . I ta k e th e m o n e y o u t o f th e b a n k s o I n ev er</p><p>h av e to w o r ry a b o u t g e t t in g in to d e b t.</p><p>6 I ’d sa y a sa v e r , d e fin ite ly . I l ik e h a v in g s o m e</p><p>m o n e y sa v ed in c a s e I h av e a n e m e r g e n c y . 1 a lso</p><p>th in k v e ry c a r e fu lly b e fo r e I b u y s o m e th in g , an d</p><p>I a lw a y s m a k e s u r e i t ’s th e b e s t I c a n bu y fo r th a t</p><p>p r ic e . B u t I w o u ld n 't d e s c r ib e m y s e l f a s ch e a p . I</p><p>lo v e b u y in g p r e s e n ts fo r p e o p le , a n d w h e n I d o</p><p>sp e n d m y m o n e y I l ik e t o b u y n ic e th in g s , ev en i f</p><p>th e y ’r e m o re e x p e n s iv e .</p><p>1 45)))</p><p>P a r t i</p><p>I n t e r v i e w e r Ja n e , y o u ’re a n e le m e n ta r y s c h o o l</p><p>te a c h e r , a n d a w r ite r . W h a t k in d o f b o o k s d o</p><p>y o u w r ite ?</p><p>J a n e W e ll , I w r i te b o o k s fo r c h ild r e n w h o a re</p><p>le a r n in g E n g lis h a s a fo r e ig n la n g u a g e .</p><p>I n t e r v i e w e r H o w lo n g h av e y o u b e e n a w r ite r ?</p><p>J a n e U h , let m e s e e , s in ce 1 9 9 0 . S o fo r a b o u t 2 2 y e a r s .</p><p>I n t e r v i e w e r T e ll u s a b o u t th e t r ip th a t c h a n g e d</p><p>y o u r l i fe . W h e r e w e re y o u g o in g ?</p><p>J a n e W e ll , it w a s in th e s u m m e r o f 2 0 0 8 , a n d m y</p><p>f a m i l y - m y h u sb a n d a n d 1 a n d o u r th r e e c h ild r e n ,</p><p>d e c id e d t o h av e a h o lid a y o f a l i f e t im e , a n d to go</p><p>to A fr ic a . W e w e n t to U g a n d a a n d R w a n d a , to</p><p>s e e th e m o u n ta in g o r il la s . It w a s s o m e th in g w e'd</p><p>a lw a y s w a n te d t o d o . A n y w a y , a b o u t h a l f w ay</p><p>th ro u g h th e t r ip , w e w e re in U g a n d a , a n d w e w e re</p><p>tr a v e lin g in a lo r r y w h e n th e lo r r y b ro k e d o w n .</p><p>S o th e d r iv e r h a d to f in d a m e c h a n ic to c o m e an d</p><p>h e lp f ix it.</p><p>I n t e r v i e w e r A n d th e n w h a t h a p p e n e d ?</p><p>J a n e W e ll , a s s o o n a s w e s to p p e d , lo ts o f c h ild r e n</p><p>a p p e a re d a n d s u r ro u n d e d u s . I c o u ld s e e so m e</p><p>lo n g b u ild in g s q u ite n e a r , s o 1 a sk e d th e c h ild r e n</p><p>w h a t th e y w e re , a n d th e y sa id in E n g lis h “T h a t ’s</p><p>o u r s c h o o l ." A n d I w a s v e ry c u r io u s to s e e w h a t a</p><p>U g a n d a n s c h o o l w a s lik e , s o I a sk e d th e m to sh o w</p><p>it to m e .</p><p>I n t e r v i e w e r W h a t w a s i t lik e ?</p><p>J a n e i w a s s h o c k e d w h e n I f i r s t sa w it. T h e w a lls</p><p>w e re f a l l in g d o w n , th e b la c k b o a r d s w e re b ro k e n ,</p><p>a n d th e r e w e re n ’t m a n y d e s k s . B u t th e c h ild r e n</p><p>w e re s o fr ie n d ly , a n d I a sk e d th e m i f th e y w ou ld</p><p>lik e to le a rn a s o n g in E n g lis h . T h e y s a id y e s , an d</p><p>I s ta r te d te a c h in g th e m s o m e s o n g s , l ik e Heads,</p><p>Shoulders, Knees, and Toes a s o n g I ’v e u se d a ll o v e r</p><p>th e w o rld to te a c h c h ild r e n p a r ts o f th e b od y .</p><p>A lm o s t im m e d ia te ly th e c la s s r o o m f il le d u p w ith</p><p>c h ild r e n o f a l i a g e s , a n d th e y a ll w a n te d to le a rn .</p><p>I w a s ju s t a m a z e d b y h o w q u ic k ly th e y le a rn e d</p><p>th e so n g !</p><p>I n t e r v i e w e r D id y o u m e e t th e te a ch e r s ?</p><p>J</p><p>a n e Y e s , w e d id , a n d th e h e a d m a s te r , to o . H e</p><p>e x p la in e d th a t th e s c h o o l w a s c a lle d S t . (o s e p h s ,</p><p>a n d it w a s a c o m m u n ity s c h o o l fo r o r p h a n s , v ery</p><p>p o o r c h ild r e n a n d re fu g e e s . I a sk e d h im w h a t th e</p><p>s c h o o l n e e d e d . I th o u g h t th a t h e m ig h t say “w e</p><p>n e e d b o o k s , o r p a p e r ,” a n d th e n la te r w e co u ld</p><p>s e n d th e m to h im . B u t a c tu a lly h e sa id “W h a t w e</p><p>n e e d is a n e w s c h o o l ." A n d i th o u g h t y e s , o f c o u rs e</p><p>h e 's r ig h t . T h e s e c h ild r e n d e se rv e to h av e b e t te r</p><p>c o n d it io n s th a n th is to le a r n in . S o w h e n 1 g o t</p><p>b a c k h o m e , m y h u sb a n d a n d I, a n d o th e r p e o p le</p><p>w h o w e re w ith u s o n th e tr ip d e c id e d to s e t u p an</p><p>o r g a n iz a t io n to g e t m o n e y to b u ild a n ew s c h o o l .</p><p>1 46)))</p><p>P a r t 2</p><p>I n t e r v i e w e r S o A d e la n te A fr ic a w a s b o r n . W h y</p><p>d id y o u d e c id e to c a ll it th a t?</p><p>J a n e W e ll , w e w a n te d a n a m e th a t g av e th e id e a</p><p>o f A fr ic a m o v in g fo rw a rd , a n d m y h u sb a n d is</p><p>S p a n is h , a n d h e s u g g e s te d A d e la n te A fr ic a ,</p><p>b e c a u s e in S p a n is h A d a la n te m e a n s “g o fo r w a r d ,”</p><p>a n d A d e la n te A f r ic a s o r t o f so u n d e d b e t te r th a n</p><p>“G o F o r w a r d , A fr ic a .”</p><p>I n t e r v i e w e r H o w lo n g d id it ta k e to ra is e th e</p><p>m o n e y fo r th e n e w s c h o o l?</p><p>J a n e A m a z in g ly e n o u g h , n o t lo n g re a lly , o n ly a b o u t</p><p>tw o y e a r s . T h e s c h o o l o p e n e d o n th e 1 4 th M a rc h</p><p>2 0 1 0 w ith 7 5 c h ild r e n . T o d a y , it h a s n e a r ly 5 0 0</p><p>c h ild r e n .</p><p>I n t e r v i e w e r T h a t ’s g r e a t ! 1 u n d e rs ta n d t h a t s in c e</p><p>th e n ew s c h o o l o p e n e d y o u ’v e b e e n w o r k in g o n</p><p>o th e r p r o je c ts fo r th e s e c h ild r e n .</p><p>J a n e Y e s . W h e n w e o p e n e d th e s c h o o l w e re a liz e d</p><p>th a t a lth o u g h th e c h ild r e n n o w h a d a b e a u tifu l</p><p>n e w s c h o o l , th e y c o u ld n ’t r e a lly m a k e m u ch</p><p>p r o g r e s s b e c a u s e th e y w e re s u f fe r in g fr o m</p><p>m a ln u tr it io n , m a la r ia , th in g s lik e th a t . S o w e ’ve</p><p>b e e n w o r k in g to im p ro v e t h e i r d ie t a n d h e a lth ,</p><p>a n d a t th e m o m e n t w e 're b u ild in g a h o u s e w h e re</p><p>c h ild r e n w h o d o n ’t h av e f a m il ie s c a n live.</p><p>I n t e r v i e w e r A n d a r e y o u r c h ild r e n in v o lv ed in</p><p>A d e la n te A fr ic a to o ?</p><p>J a n e Y e s , a b s o lu te ly ! T h e y a l l g o o u t t o U g a n d a a t</p><p>le a s t o n c e a y e a r . M y d a u g h te r T e s s ie ru n s th e</p><p>F a c e b o o k p a g e , a n d m y o th e r d a u g h te r A n a r u n s</p><p>a p r o je c t to h e lp c h ild r e n to g o to s e c o n d a ry</p><p>s c h o o l , a n d G e o r g ie , m y s o n , o r g a n iz e s a fo o tb a ll</p><p>to u r n a m e n t th e r e e v e ry y e a r .</p><p>I n t e r v i e w e r A n d h o w d o y o u th in k y o u h ave m o s t</p><p>c h a n g e d d ie c h ild r e n ’s liv e s?</p><p>Listening 123</p><p>Jane I th in k th e s c h o o l h a s c h a n g e d th e c h ild r e n ’s</p><p>liv es b e c a u s e it h a s g iv e n th e m h o p e . P e o p le fr o m</p><p>o u ts id e c a m e a n d lis te n e d to th e m a n d c a re d a b o u t</p><p>th e m . B u t i t ’s n o t o n ly th e c h ild r e n w h o s e liv es</p><p>h av e c h a n g e d . A d e la n te A fr ic a h a s a ls o ch a n g e d</p><p>m e a n d m y fa m ily . W e h av e b e e n v e ry lu ck y in life .</p><p>I fe e l th a t l ife h a s g iv en m e a lo t . N o w I w a n t to</p><p>g iv e s o m e th in g b a c k . B u t i t ’s n o t a ll g iv in g . I fe e l</p><p>th a t I g e t m o re f r o m th e m th a n I g iv e ! I lo v e b e in g</p><p>th e r e . I lo v e th e ir s m ile s a n d h o w th e y h ave su ch a</p><p>s t r o n g s e n s e o f c o m m u n ity , a n d I lo v e fe e l in g th a t</p><p>m y fa m ily a n d th e o th e r m e m b e r s o f A d e la n te</p><p>A fr ic a a re a c c e p te d a s p a r t o f t h a t c o m m u n ity .</p><p>Interviewer A n d d o y o u h av e a w e b s ite ?</p><p>Jane Y es, w e d o . I t ’s w w w .a d e la n te a fr ic a .c o m .</p><p>W e ’v e h ad th e w e b s ite fo r a b o u t fo u r y e a r s . I t w a s</p><p>o n e o f th e f i r s t th in g s w e s e t u p . I f y o u 'd l ik e to</p><p>f in d o u t m o re a b o u t A d e la n te A fr ic a , p le a se go</p><p>th e r e a n d h ave a lo o k . T h e r e a re lo t s o f p h o to s</p><p>a n d ev en a v id e o m y s o n t o o k o f m e te a c h in g th e</p><p>c h ild r e n to s in g o n th a t f i r s t day. M a y b e it w ill</p><p>c h a n g e y o u r l i f e to o , w h o k n o w s ?</p><p>1 52)))</p><p>Phone call 4</p><p>I h a v e n ’t h ad a n y m u s ic fo r th e la s t th r e e d ay s,</p><p>b e c a u s e m y iP o d b r o k e , s o p a d d lin g h a s b e e n g e tt in g</p><p>m o re b o r in g . T o p a ss th e t im e I c o u n t o r I n a m e</p><p>c o u n tr ie s in m y h e a d , a n d s o m e t im e s I ju s t lo o k up</p><p>a t th e sk y . S o m e t im e s th e sk y is p in k w ith c lo u d s</p><p>th a t lo o k l ik e c o t t o n , a n d o th e r t im e s i t ’s d a r k lik e</p><p>th e s m o k e fr o m a f i r e , a n d s o m e t im e s i t ’s b r ig h t</p><p>b lu e . T h e d ay th a t I r e a d ie d th e h a lf w a y p o in t in m y</p><p>tr ip , th e s k y w a s b r ig h t b lu e . I ’m s u p e r s t it io u s so i</p><p>d id n 't c e le b r a te - th e r e ’s s t i l l a v e ry lo n g w a y to g o .</p><p>Phone call 5</p><p>T h is w e e k (h e m o s q u ito e s h a v e b e e n d r iv in g m e</p><p>c ra z y . T h e y o b v io u s ly th in k I ’m e a sy fo o d ! T h e y</p><p>e s p e c ia l ly l ik e m y fe e t . 1 w a k e u p in th e n ig h t w h en</p><p>th e y b ite m e , a n d 1 c a n ’t s to p s c r a t c h in g m y fe e t .</p><p>B u t I ’m fe e l in g h a p p ie r n o w th a n I ’v e b e e n</p><p>fe e l in g fo r w e e k s . I 'v e s e e n a lo t o f a m a z in g w ild life</p><p>t h i s w e e k . O n e day, I fo u n d m y s e l f in th e m id d le</p><p>o f a g r o u p o f d o lp h in s . T h e r e w e re a b o u t s ix p a irs</p><p>ju m p in g o u t o f th e w a te r . I 'v e a ls o s e e n e n o r m o u s</p><p>b u t te r f l ie s , ig u a n a s , a n d v u ltu r e s th a t f ly a b o v e</p><p>m e in b ig g r o u p s . Y e ste rd a y , a f is h ju m p e d in to m y</p><p>k a y a k . M a y b e it m e a n s I ’m g o in g t o b e lu cky . I am</p><p>s t a r t in g to fe e l a l i t t le sa d th a t th is a d v e n tu re is</p><p>c o m in g ro a n e n d .</p><p>A n d f in a lly o n th e n e w s , T V h o s t H e le n S k e l to n h a s</p><p>s u c c e s s fu lly c o m p le te d h e r 1 ,9 9 8 - m ile tr ip d o w n</p><p>th e A m a z o n R iv e r in a k a y a k . S h e le f t f r o m N a u ta in</p><p>P e ru s ix w e e k s a g o o n a t r ip th a t m a n y p e o p le sa id</p><p>w o u ld b e im p o s s ib le . B u t y e s te rd a y , sh e c ro s s e d th e</p><p>f in is h l in e a t A lm e ir im in B r a z il to b e c o m e th e f ir s t</p><p>w o m a n to p a d d le d o w n th e A m a z o n . H e r e ’s H e le n :</p><p>“ I t ’s b e e n h a rd , b u t I ’ve h ad a n a m a z in g t im e . T h e</p><p>o n ly th in g I ’v e re a lly m is s e d is m y d o g B a r n e y . S o</p><p>th e f i r s t th in g I ’m g o in g to d o w ill b e to p ic k</p><p>h im up</p><p>a n d ta k e h im fo r a n ic e lo n g w a lk .”</p><p>2 9)))</p><p>T a n n e r to o k a ta x i fr o m th e th e b o a ty a r d to th e</p><p>a ir p o r t w h e r e th e s e a p la n e w a s le a v in g fr o m . It</p><p>to o k 4 5 m in u te s to g e t f r o m th e b o a t y a rd to th e</p><p>a i r p o r t . O n c e h e g o t o n th e s e a p la n e , T a n n e r q u ick ly</p><p>m a d e u p th e t im e h e s p e n t r id in g in th e ta x i . W ith</p><p>th e p la n e f ly in g c lo s e to 1 0 0 m ile s an h o u r , T a n n e r</p><p>c a u g h t u p to R u t le d g e a n d A d a m n e a r S e v e n M ile</p><p>B r id g e . A f t e r la n d in g a t th e a i r p o r t in K e y W e s t ,</p><p>T a n n e r re n te d a s c o o te r fo r th e la s t th r e e m ile s o f</p><p>th e r a c e . Ju s t a fe w m o re m in u te s u n ti l h e a rr iv e d a t</p><p>th e s o u th e r n -m o s t p o in t o f th e U S .</p><p>2 15)))</p><p>H o s t A n d o n to n ig h t ’s p ro g ra m w e ta lk to T o m</p><p>D ix o n , w h o is a n e x p e r t o n ro a d s a fe ty . T o m ,</p><p>n ew te c h n o lo g y l ik e G P S d e v ic e s h a s m e a n t n ew</p><p>d is t r a c t io n s fo r d r iv e rs , h a s n ’t it?</p><p>T o m T h a t ’s r ig h t , N ick y , b u t it i s n ’t ju s t te c h n o lo g y</p><p>t h a t ’s th e p ro b le m . C a r d r iv e r s d o a lo t o f o t h e r</p><p>th in g s w h ile th e y ’re d r iv in g th a t a r e d a n g e ro u s</p><p>124 Listening</p><p>a n d th a t c a n c a u s e a c c id e n ts . R e m e m b e r , d r iv e r</p><p>d is t r a c t io n is th e n u m b e r o n e c a u s e o f ro a d</p><p>a c c id e n ts .</p><p>H o s t N o w I k n o w y o u ’v e b e e n d o in g a lo t o f te s ts</p><p>w ith s im u la to r s . A c c o r d in g io y o u r te s ts , w h a t ’s</p><p>th e m o s t d a n g e ro u s th in g to d o w h e n y o u ’re</p><p>d r iv in g ?</p><p>T o m T h e te s ts w e did in a s im u la to r sh o w ed t hat</p><p>th e m o s t d a n g e ro u s th in g to d o w h ile y o u ’re</p><p>d r iv in g is to s e n d o r re ce iv e a t e x t m e ssa g e . T h is is</p><p>in c r e d ib ly d a n g e ro u s , a n d it is , o f c o u r s e , ille g a l.</p><p>In fa c t , re s e a r c h c lon e b y th e p o lic e s h o w s th a t</p><p>th is is m o re d a n g e ro u s th a n d r in k in g a n d d r iv in g .</p><p>H o s t W h y i s th a t?</p><p>T o m W e ll , th e r e a s o n is o b v io u s - m a n y p e o p le u se</p><p>tw o h a n d s to t e x t , o n e to h o ld th e p h o n e a n d th e</p><p>o th e r t o ty p e . W h ic h m e a n s th a t th e y d o n ’t h ave</p><p>t h e i r h a n d s o n th e w h e e l, a n d th e y ’re lo o k in g</p><p>a t th e p h o n e , n o t a t th e ro a d . E v en fo r p e o p le</p><p>w h o c a n t e x t w ith o n e h a n d , i t ’s s t i l l e x tre m e ly</p><p>d a n g e ro u s , h i th e te s ts w e d id in th e s im u la to r ,</p><p>tw o o f th e d r iv e r s c r a s h e d w h ile te x tin g .</p><p>H o s t A n d w h ic h is th e n e x t m o s t d a n g e ro u s?</p><p>T o m T h e n e x t m o s t d a n g e ro u s th in g is to s e t o r</p><p>a d ju s t y o u r G P S . T h i s is e x tr e m e ly h a z a rd o u s to o</p><p>b e c a u s e a lth o u g h y o u c a n d o it w ith o n e h a n d , you</p><p>s t i l l h av e to ta k e y o u r e y e s o f f t h e ro a d fo r a few</p><p>s e c o n d s .</p><p>H o s t A n d n u m b e r th r e e ?</p><p>Tom N u m b e r th r e e w a s p u ttin g o n m a k eu p o r d o in g</p><p>y o u r h a ir . In fa c t , th is is s o m e th in g th a t p eo p le</p><p>o fte n d o , e sp e c ia lly w o m e n , o f c o u rs e , w h en th ey</p><p>s to p a t t r a f f ic lig h ts , b u t i f t h e y h av en ’t fin ish e d</p><p>w h en th e lig h ts c h a n g e , th ey o fte n c o n tin u e w h en</p><p>th ey s ta r t d r iv in g a g a in . I t ’s th a t fa ta l c o m b in a tio n</p><p>o f ju s t h a v in g o n e h a n d o n th e s te e r in g w h e e l, and</p><p>lo o k in g in th e m ir r o r , n o t a t th e ro ad .</p><p>H o s t A n d n u m b e r fo u r?</p><p>T o m In fo u r th p la c e , th e r e a r e tw o a c t iv it ie s th a t a re</p><p>e q u a lly d a n g e ro u s . O n e o f th e m is m a k in g a p h o n e</p><p>c a l l o n a c e ll p h o n e . O u r r e s e a rc h sh o w e d th a t</p><p>w h en p e o p le ta lk o n th e p h o n e , th e y d r iv e m o re</p><p>s lo w ly (w h ic h c a n b e ju s t a s d a n g e ro u s a s d r iv in g</p><p>fa s t ) , b u t th e ir c o n tr o l o f th e c a r g e ts w o rse ,</p><p>b e c a u s e th e y ’re c o n c e n tr a t in g o n th e p h o n e c a ll</p><p>a n d n o t o n w h a t’s h a p p e n in g o n th e ro a d . B u t th e</p><p>o th e r th in g , w h ic h is ju s t a s d a n g e ro u s a s ta lk in g</p><p>o n y o u r c e ll p h o n e , is e a t in g a n d d r in k in g , in fa c t ,</p><p>i fy o u d o th is , y o u d o u b le y o u r c h a n c e o f h a v in g</p><p>a n a c c id e n t b e c a u s e e a t in g a n d d r in k in g a lw a y s</p><p>in v o lv e s ta k in g a t le a s t o n e h a n d o f f t h e s te e r in g</p><p>w h e e l. A n d th e th in g t h a t ’s m o s t w o r r y in g h ere</p><p>is th a t p e o p le d o n ’t th in k o f th is a s a d a n g e ro u s</p><p>a c t iv ity a t a ll , a n d it is n ’t e v en ille g a l.</p><p>H o s t A n d in f i f t h , w e ll a c tu a lly s ix th p la c e . Ii m u st</p><p>b e l is te n in g to m u s ic , b u t w h a t k in d ?</p><p>Tom W e ll, i t ’s l is te n in g to m u s ic y o u kn ow .</p><p>H o s t O h , t h a t ’s in te r e s t in g .</p><p>T o m W e fo u n d in o u r te s ts th a t w h e n d r iv e r s w e re</p><p>l is te n in g to m u s ic th e y k n e w a n d lik e d , th e y d ro v e</p><p>e ith e r fa s te r o r s lo w e r d e p e n d in g o n w h e th e r th e</p><p>m u s ic w a s fa s t o r slow .</p><p>H o s t S o fa s t m u s ic m a d e d r iv e r s d r iv e fa s te r .</p><p>T o m E x a c t ly . A n d a s tu d y in C a n a d a a ls o fo u n d</p><p>th a t i f th e m u s ic w a s v e ry lo u d , th e n d r iv e r s ’</p><p>r e a c t io n t im e w a s 2 0 % s lo w e r. I f y o u ’r e l is te n in g</p><p>to v e ry lou d m u s ic y o u 're tw ic e a s lik e ly to g o</p><p>th ro u g h a red lig h t.</p><p>H o s t S o th e s a fe s t o f a l l o f th e th in g s o n th e l is t is</p><p>io l is te n to m u s ic w e d o n ’t kn ow .</p><p>T o m E x a c t ly . I f w e d o n 't k n o w th e m u s ic , th e n it</p><p>d o e s n ’t d is t r a c t u s . In th is p a r t o f th e t e s t s a ll</p><p>d r iv e r s d ro v e sa fe ly .</p><p>2 23)))</p><p>A E x c u s e m e , is t h is s e a t e m p ty ?</p><p>B Y e s , s u r e s i t d o w n . A h , h e ’s c u te . Is h e y o u rs?</p><p>A Y e s , y e s . A c tu a lly , h e ’s a s h e . M ir a n d a .</p><p>B O h . T h r e e m o n th s ?</p><p>A T h r e e a n d a h a lf . H o w a b o u t y o u rs?</p><p>B S te p h e n . H e ’s fo u r m o n th s . D id y o u h av e a bad</p><p>n ig h t?</p><p>A Y es, M ir a n d a w a s c r y in g a ll n ig h t . Y o u kn ow ,</p><p>th a t n o is e g e ts t o y o u . It d r iv e s m e c ra z y .</p><p>B D o y o u k n o w w h a t y o u n e e d ? T h e s e .</p><p>A W h a t a r e th e y ? E a r p lu g s ?</p><p>B Y e s . E a r p lu g s ! W h e n th e b a b y s t a r t s c r y in g y o u</p><p>ju s t p u t th e s e in . Y o u c a n s t i l l h e a r th e c r y in g ,</p><p>b u t th e n o is e is n ’t s o b a d , a n d i t ’s n o t s o s t r e s s fu l .</p><p>A T h a t ’s a g r e a t id e a ! W h o to ld y o u io d o th a t?</p><p>B I t ’s a ll in th is b o o k I re a d . Y ou sh o u ld g e t it.</p><p>A Y e a h ? W h a t ’s it c a lle d ?</p><p>B I t ’s c a lle d Comm ando Dad. Ii w a s w r i t te n b y an</p><p>e x -s o ld ie r . H e w a s a c o m m a n d o in th e arm y ,</p><p>a</p><p>n d i t ’s e s p e c ia lly fo r m e n w ith b a b ie s o r s m a ll</p><p>c h ild r e n . I t ’s p r e t ty g o o d .</p><p>A R e a lly ? S o w h a t’s s o g o o d a b o u t it?</p><p>B W e ll , i t 's lik e a m ilita ry m a n u a l. It te lls y o u ex a ctly</p><p>w h a t to d o w ith a b a b y in an y s itu a tio n . It m ak es</p><p>e v e ry th in g ea sier . T h e r e ’s a w e b site , to o , th a t you</p><p>c a n g o to - c o m m a n d o d a d .c o m . I t h a s a lo t o f</p><p>a d v ice a b o u t ta k in g c a re o f b a b ie s an d s m a ll k id s,</p><p>a n d I re a lly lik e th e fo r u m s w h ere m en c a n w r ite in</p><p>w ith th e ir p ro b le m o r th e ir e x p e rie n ce s .</p><p>A W h a t k in d o f th in g s d o e s it h e lp y o u w ith ?</p><p>B A ll k in d s o f t h in g s . H o w to c h a n g e d ia p e rs - he</p><p>lia s a re a lly g o o d s y s te m , h o w to d re s s th e b aby ,</p><p>h o w to g e t th e b a b y to s le e p , th e b e s t w ay to feed</p><p>th e b ab y , h o w io k n o w i f th e b a b y is s ic k . I t ’s re a lly</p><p>u se fu l a n d i t ’s p re tty fu n n y , to o , I m e a n h e u se s</p><p>a k in d o f m ili ta r y la n g u a g e , s o fo r e x a m p le lie</p><p>c a l ls th e b a b y a B T w h ic h m e a n s a b a b y tr o o p e r ,</p><p>a n d th e b a b y ’s b e d r o o m is b a s e c a m p , a n d ta k in g</p><p>th e b a b y fo r a w a lk is m a n e u v e rs , a n d ta k in g th e</p><p>d ia p e rs to th e tra sh is c a lle d b o m b d isp o s a l.</p><p>A W h a t e ls e d o e s it say?</p><p>B W e ll , i t h a s a ll k in d s o f s t u f f a b o u t ...</p><p>A A n d w h a t d o e s h e th in k a b o u t m en ta k in g c a r e o f</p><p>c h i ld r e n ? D o e s h e th in k vve d o it w e ll?</p><p>B H e th in k s th a t m e n a r e ju s t a s g o o d a s w o m e n a t</p><p>ta k in g c a r e o f c h ild r e n in a lm o s t e v e ry th in g .</p><p>A A lm o s t e v e ry th in g ?</p><p>B Y e a h , h e sa y s th e o n e t im e w h e n w o m e n a re</p><p>b e t t e r ih a n m e n is w h e n th e k id s a r e s ick .</p><p>W o m e n k in d o f u n d e rs ta n d b e t te r w h a t to do .</p><p>T h e y h a v e an in s t in c t . O h . N o w i t ’s m y tu r n . O K ,</p><p>1 k n o w e x a c t ly w h a t th a t c r y m e a n s . It m e a n s h e ’s</p><p>h u n g ry .</p><p>A W o w ! W h a t w a s th a t b o o k c a lle d ?</p><p>2 28)))</p><p>Kerri Y o u w o rk h a rd , b u t y o u r m o n e y ’s a ll sp e n t</p><p>H a v e n ’t g o t e n o u g h to p ay th e re n t</p><p>Y o u k n o w i t ’s n o t r ig h t a n d it m a k e s n o se n s e</p><p>T o g o c h a s in g , c h a s in g th o s e d o lla r s a n d c e n ts</p><p>C h a s in g , c h a s in g th o s e d o lla r s a n d c e n ts . ..</p><p>R o b T h a t w a s g r e a t , K e r r i .</p><p>Kerri T h a n k s .</p><p>R o b K e r r i ,y o u u se d to b e in a b a n d , n o w y o u p lay</p><p>s o lo . W h y d id y o u c h a n g e ?</p><p>Kerri W h a t h a p p e n e d w ith th e b a n d is p r iv a te .</p><p>I 'v e a lre a d y sa id I d o n ’t w a n t to ta lk a b o u t it in</p><p>in te r v ie w s . A ll i ’ ll s a y is th a t I h av e a lo t m o re</p><p>fr e e d o m th is w ay . I c a n p l a y - a n d s a y - w h a t I</p><p>w a n t.</p><p>R o b D id y o u r r e la t io n s h ip w ith th e b a n d ’s lead</p><p>g u ita r is t a f f e c t th e b r e a k up ?</p><p>Kerri N o c o m m e n t . I n e v e r ta lk a b o u t m y p riv a te</p><p>life .</p><p>R o b Y o u r D a d w a s in a fa m o u s p u n k b a n d ,</p><p>a n d y o u r M u m ’s a c la s s ic a l p ia n is t , h av e th ey</p><p>in f lu e n c e d y o u r m u s ic ?</p><p>K e r r i O f c o u r s e th e y h av e - w h a t d o y o u th in k ?</p><p>Is n ’t e v e ry o n e in f lu e n c e d by th e i r p a re n ts ?</p><p>R o b W h e n d id y o u s t a r t p la y in g ?</p><p>Kerri I s t a r te d p la y in g th e g u i ta r w h en I w a s a b o u t</p><p>fo u r.</p><p>R o b F o u r ? T h a t ’s p re tty y o u n g .</p><p>Kerri Y e a h , th e g u ita r w a s n e a r ly a s b ig a s m e!</p><p>R o b I t h in k th a t y o u r n e w a lb u m is y o u r b e s t y e t.</p><p>I t ’s a lo t q u ie te r a n d m o re e x p e r im e n ta l th a n y o u r</p><p>e a r lie r a lb u m s .</p><p>Kerri T h a n k y o u ! I th in k i t ’s m y b e s t w o rk .</p><p>R o b S o w h a t h av e y o u b e e n d o in g re c e n tly ?</p><p>Kerri W e ll , I ’v e b e e n w r i t in g a n d r e c o r d in g</p><p>s o m e n e w s o n g s . A n d I ’ve p lay ed a t s o m e o f th e</p><p>s u m m e r fe s t iv a ls in th e U K .</p><p>http://www.adelanteafrica.com</p><p>Rob A n d w h a t a re y o u d o in g w h ile y o u 're in th e</p><p>S t a te s ?</p><p>Kerri I ’m g o in g to p lay a t s o m e c lu b s h e re in N ew</p><p>Y o rk , th e n I ’m d o in g s o m e s m a ll g ig s in o th e r</p><p>p la c e s . I ju s t w a n t to g e t t o k n o w th e c o u n tr y an d</p><p>th e p e o p le . I t ’s a ll v e ry n e w to m e .</p><p>Jenny G o o d jo b , R o b . S h e is n ’t th e e a s ie s t p e rso n</p><p>t o in te rv ie w .</p><p>Rob S h e ’s O K . A n d t h i s v id e o c l ip w ill w o rk g r e a t</p><p>o n lin e .</p><p>Don W e ll , th a n k y o u fo r c o m in g in to d ay , K e r r i .</p><p>N o w I s u g g e s t w e h av e s o m e lu n c h . R o b , co u ld</p><p>y o u c a ll a ta x i?</p><p>Rob U h , su r e .</p><p>2 29)))</p><p>Don S o w h e n w il l y o u b e c o m in g b a c k to N ew</p><p>Y o rk , K e r r i?</p><p>Kerri O h , I d o n 't kn ow .</p><p>Waitress H i, g u y s . I s e v e r y th in g O K ?</p><p>Don Y e s , i t ’s d e lic io u s , th a n k y o u .</p><p>W a i t r e s s T h a t ’s g r e a t!</p><p>Kerri N ew Y o rk w a ite rs n e v e r leav e y o u a lo n e ! I</p><p>re a lly d o n ’t lik e a ll t h i s “H i g u y s ! Is e v e r y th in g</p><p>O K ? ” s t u f f</p><p>Don W h a t ? Y o u m e a n w a ite rs a r e n 't fr ie n d ly in</p><p>L o n d o n ?</p><p>Rob O h , th e y ’re v e ry fr ie n d ly !</p><p>Kerri Y es, th e y ’r e fr ie n d ly , b u t n o t t o o fr ie n d ly .</p><p>T h e y d o n ’t b o th e r y o u a ll th e t im e .</p><p>Waitress C a n 1 g e t y o u a n y th in g e ls e ? M o re</p><p>d r in k s , m a y b e ?</p><p>Don N o t h a n k s . W e ’re f in e .</p><p>Waitress F a n ta s t ic .</p><p>Kerri S e e w h a t I m e a n ? P e rso n a lly , I th in k p e o p le</p><p>in L o n d o n a r e a lo t m o re e a sy g o in g . L o n d o n 's ju s t</p><p>n o t a s h e c t ic a s N e w Y o rk .</p><p>Don S u r e , w e a ll lik e p e a c e a n d q u ie t . B u t in m y</p><p>o p in io n , N e w Y o rk is p o ss ib ly ... w e ll, n o , is</p><p>d e f in ite ly th e g r e a te s t c i ty in th e w o r ld . D o n ’t you</p><p>a g r e e ?</p><p>Kerri T o b e h o n e s t , 1 d e f in ite ly p r e fe r L o n d o n .</p><p>Don C o m e o n , R o b . Y o u 'v e liv ed in b o th . W h a t d o</p><p>y o u th in k ?</p><p>Rob U m , w e ll, I h av e to say, L o n d o n ’s v e ry sp e c ia l. I t ’s</p><p>m o re re la x e d , i t ’s g o t g r e a t p ark s an d y o u ca n cy cle</p><p>e v ery w h ere . I t ’s d a n g e ro u s to cy c le in N e w Y o rk !</p><p>Don W h y w o u ld y o u c y c le w h e n y o u c a n d r iv e a c a r ?</p><p>Kerri Y o u c a n 't b e s e r io u s .</p><p>Don O K , I a g r e e , L o n d o n h a s i t s o w n p e c u lia r</p><p>c h a r m . B u t i f y o u a sk m e , n o th in g c o m p a r e s w ith</p><p>a c ity l ik e N e w Y o rk . T h e w h o le w o rld is h e re !</p><p>Kerri B u t t h a t ’s th e p ro b le m . Ir ’s to o b ig . T h e r e are</p><p>to o m a n y p e o p le . E v e ry b o d y ’s so s tr e s s e d o u t.</p><p>A n d n o b o d y h a s a n y t im e fo r y o u .</p><p>Jenny I d o n ’t t h in k t h a t ’s r ig h t , K e r r i . N e w Y o rk e rs</p><p>a r e v e ry f r ie n d ly .. .</p><p>Kerri O h s u r e , th e y c a n s o u n d fr ie n d ly w ith a l l th a t</p><p>“ H av e a n ic e d a y</p><p>" s t u f f . B u t I a lw a y s th in k i t ’s a</p><p>l i t t le b it . . . fak e .</p><p>Don Y o u ’v e g o t to b e k id d in g m e!</p><p>Rob I ’m so rry . I ’ ll ju s t h ave to ta k e th is .. . H e llo ? ...</p><p>Y e s ... Y o u ’r e w h o ? ... T h e ta x i d riv er? ... W h a t did sh e</p><p>le a v e ? ... H e r c e ll p h o n e ... r ig h t . O K . Y es , w e’re s t ill</p><p>a t th e re s ta u ra n t. S e e y o u in a b o u t fiv e m in u te s .</p><p>2 32)))</p><p>K e r r i T h a n k y o u fo r a n ic e lu n c h , D o n .</p><p>Don Y o u ’r e w e lc o m e .</p><p>Waitress T h a n k s fo r c o m in g , g u y s! H av e a n ice day.</p><p>Don S e e ? N ic e , fr ie n d ly s e r v ic e .</p><p>Kerri M a y b e . B u t I th in k s h e s a w th e b ig t ip you</p><p>le f t o n th e ta b le !</p><p>Jenny D id y o u m e a n w h a t y o u sa id in th e</p><p>r e s ta u r a n t , R o b ?</p><p>Rob D ici 1 m e a n w h a t?</p><p>Jenny A b o u t m is s in g L o n d o n ?</p><p>Rob S u r e , I m is s i t , Je n n y .</p><p>Jenny R e a lly ?</p><p>Rob B u t h ey , n o t th a t m u c h ! I t ’s ju s t th a t m o v in g to</p><p>a n ew p la c e is a lw a y s d if f ic u lt .</p><p>Jenny B u t y o u d o n 't r e g r e t c o in in g h e re , d o y o u ?</p><p>Rob N o . . . n o . . . n o t a t a ll.</p><p>Jenny i t ’s ju s t th a t . . . y o u s e e m e d h o m e s ic k in th e r e .</p><p>F o r th e p a r k s , th e c y c l in g ...</p><p>Rob W e ll th e r e a r e s o m e th in g s I m is s b u t - O h ,</p><p>h a n g o n a m in u te . L o o k o v e r th e r e . O u r t a x i ’s</p><p>c o m e b a c k .</p><p>Taxi driver E x c u s e m e , M a ’a m .</p><p>Kerri W h o m e ? W h a t is it?</p><p>Taxi driver I b e lie v e t h i s is y o u r c e ll p h o n e . Y o u</p><p>le f t i t in m y ca b .</p><p>Kerri W h a t? .. . O h , w o w ... th a n k y ou !</p><p>Taxi driver H a v e a n ic e day !</p><p>Kerri T h a t w a s s o k in d o f h im !</p><p>Don S e e ? N e w Y o rk e rs a re re a lly fr ie n d ly p e o p le .</p><p>2 40)))</p><p>1 O n e v e ry e a sy th in g y o u c a n d o , is ju s t c h a n g e</p><p>th e la n g u a g e to E n g lis h o n a ll th e g a d g e ts you</p><p>h a v e , f o r e x a m p le o n y o u r p h o n e , o r la p to p , o r</p><p>ta b le t . T h a t w a y y o u 'r e r e a d in g E n g lis h ev ery</p><p>day a n d w ith o u t re a lly n o t ic in g y o u ju s t le a rn a</p><p>w h o le lo t o fv o c a b u la r y , fo r e x a m p le th e th in g s</p><p>y o u s e e o n y o u r s c r e e n lik e A reyou sure you want</p><p>to shut down now, th in g s l ik e th a t.</p><p>2 M y t ip is to d o th in g s th a t y o u l ik e d o in g , b u t in</p><p>E n g l is h . S o fo r e x a m p le , i f y o u l ik e r e a d in g , th e n</p><p>re a d in E n g l is h , i f y o u lik e m o v ie s , w a tc h th e m</p><p>in E n g lis h w ith s u b t it le s , i f y o u l ik e c o m p u te r</p><p>g a m e s , p lay th e m in E n g l is h . B u t d o n ’t d o th in g s</p><p>y o u d o n ’t e n jo y in y o u r la n g u a g e , I m e a n i fy o u</p><p>d o n ’t lik e r e a d in g in y o u r la n g u a g e , y o u 'll e n jo y</p><p>it e v en le s s in E n g l is h , a n d s o y o u p ro b a b ly w o n ’t</p><p>le a r n a n y th in g .</p><p>3 W h a t re a lly h e lp e d m e to im p ro v e m y E n g lis h</p><p>w a s h a v in g an A m e r ic a n b o y fr ie n d . H e d id n 't</p><p>s p e a k a n y Ja p a n e s e - w e ll, n o t m a n y fo r e ig n e rs</p><p>d o - s o w e s p o k e E n g lis h a ll th e t im e , a n d m y</p><p>E n g lis h im p ro v e d re a lly q u ick ly . W e b ro k e up</p><p>w h e n h e w e n t b a c k to th e U S , b u r b y th e n I co u ld</p><p>s p e a k p re tty flu e n tly . W e d id n ’t e x a c t ly e n d up</p><p>a s fr ie n d s , b u t I ’ ll a lw a y s b e g r a te fu l to h im fo r</p><p>th e E n g lis h I le a rn e d . S o m y tip is tr y to f in d an</p><p>E n g lis h -s p e a k in g b o y fr ie n d o r g ir lfr ie n d .</p><p>4 I ’v e a lw a y s th o u g h t th a t le a r n in g v o c a b u la r y</p><p>is v e ry im p o r ta n t , s o I b o u g h t a v o c a b u la r y</p><p>f la s h c a r d a p p fo r m y p h o n e . I w r i te d o w n a ll</p><p>th e n e w w o r d s a n d p h r a s e s I w a n t to re m e m b e r</p><p>in F r e n c h a n d in E n g l is h , a n d th e n w h e n I g e t</p><p>a q u ie t m o m e n t I t e s t m y s e l f It re a lly h e lp s m e</p><p>r e m e m b e r n e w v o c a b u la r y . S o th a t ’s m y tip . G e t</p><p>a v o c a b u la r y le a r n in g a p p f o r y o u r p h o n e .</p><p>5 I th in k o n e o f (h e b ig p ro b le m s w h e n y o u ’re</p><p>le a r n in g s o m e th in g n ew is m o tiv a t io n , s o m e th i n g</p><p>to m a k e y o u c o n t in u e a n d n o t g iv e up . S o m y</p><p>tip is to b o o k y o u r s e l f a v a c a t io n in a n E n g lish -</p><p>sp e a k in g c o u n tr y o r a c o u n tr y w h e re p eo p le</p><p>s p e a k v e ry g o o d E n g lis h , lik e th e C a r ib b e a n , a s a</p><p>l it t le re w a rd fo r y o u rs e lf , a n d so y o u c a n a c tu a lly</p><p>p r a c t ic e y o u r E n g lis h . I t ’s re a lly m o tiv a t in g</p><p>w h en y o u g o so m e w h e re a n d fin d th a t p eo p le</p><p>u n d e rs ta n d y o u a n d y o u c a n c o m m u n ic a te ! L a s t</p><p>y e a r , I w e n t to th e B a h a m a s fo r a w e ek e n d , a n d I</p><p>h a d a g r e a t t im e , a n d I s p o k e a lo t o f E n g lish .</p><p>6 I fy o u love m u sic , w h ic h I d o , m y tip is to listen to as</p><p>m a n y so n g s a s p o ss ib le in E n g lish a n d th e n learn</p><p>to s in g th e m . I t ’s s o easy n o w ad ay s w ith Y ou T u be.</p><p>F irs t, i d o w n lo ad th e ly r ic s a n d tr y to u n d e rsta n d</p><p>th e m . T h e n I s in g a lo n g w ith th e s in g e r a n d tr y to</p><p>co p y th e w ay h e o r sh e s in g s - th is is fa n ta s t ic fo r</p><p>y o u r p ro n u n c ia tio n . T h e n o n ce 1 c a n d o it w e ll, 1 go</p><p>b a c k to Y o u T u b e an d g e t a k a ra o k e v ersio n o f th e</p><p>so n g , an d th e n 1 s in g it . I t ’s fu n a n d y o u r E n g lis h</p><p>w ill re a lly im p ro v e a s a resu lt.</p><p>2 48)))</p><p>I a lw a y s th o u g h t th a t g o o d m a n n e r s w e re g o o d</p><p>m a n n e r s w h e r e v e r y o u w e re in th e w o rld . B u t th a t</p><p>w a s u n ti l m e t m y b o y fr ie n d la s o n , w h o is fr o m</p><p>B u r m a — a ls o k n o w n a s M y a n m a r . W e m e t in</p><p>u p s ta te N e w Y o rk , w h en w e w e re b o t l i s tu d e n ts in</p><p>c o lle g e . W h e n w e f i r s t g o t to k n o w e a c h o th e r , w e</p><p>w e re a lw a y s s u r r o u n d e d b y a g ro u p o f fr ie n d s . I lik ed</p><p>)a s o n b e c a u s e h e w a s fu n n y a n d k in d , a n d I c o u ld te ll</p><p>h e lik ed m e , b u t w e n e v e r s p e n t a n y t im e a lo n e .</p><p>T h e f i r s t t im e I s u g g e s te d th a t w e h a n g</p><p>o u t w ith o u t o u r fr ie n d s , h e s a id n o w ith o u t an</p><p>e x p la n a t io n , w h ic h 1 th o u g h t w a s k in d o f ru d e . M y</p><p>fe e l in g s w e re h u rt , s o 1 d id n ’t ta lk to h im a s m u ch .</p><p>T h e n e x t t im e I s a w Ja s o n in o u r b ig g r o u p , h e w a s</p><p>ju s t a s fr ie n d ly a n d h a p p y a s u su a l. I w a s c o n fu s e d .</p><p>F in a lly , I a sk e d h im w h y h e w o u ld n 't h a n g o u t</p><p>w ith m e . H e a p o lo g iz e d a n d th e n h e to ld m e th a t in</p><p>B u r m a , i t ’s c u s to m to “d a te ” in a g r o u p s itu a t io n .</p><p>S in c e h e h ad o n ly b e e n in th e U S f o r a fe w y e a r s , he</p><p>w a s s t i l l h a v in g tr o u b le n a v ig a t in g th e tw o c u ltu r e s</p><p>h e liv ed in — th e m o re re se rv e d B u r m e s e c u ltu r e an d</p><p>th e m o r e o p e n A m e r ic a n c u ltu r e .</p><p>A</p><p>fe w m o n th s la te r , a f t e r w e w e s ta r te d d a tin g ,</p><p>I a sk e d h im w h y h e n e v e r re sp o n d e d t o m y c u te ,</p><p>r o m a n tic F a c e b o o k p o s ts w ith m o re th a n “c o o l” o r</p><p>“th a n k s .” I t s e e m e d w e ird to m e th a t h is re s p o n s e s</p><p>w e re n ’t r o m a n t ic . A n d h o n e s tly , 1 w a s a l i t t le je a lo u s</p><p>o f th e s w e e t p o s t s m y A m e r ic a n f r ie n d s ’ b o y fr ie n d s</p><p>le f t o n th e ir F a c e b o o k p a g e s.</p><p>B u t Ja s o n to ld m e in B u r m a , i t ’s c o n s id e re d</p><p>b ra g g in g t o e x p r e s s y o u r fe e l in g s in p u b lic ,</p><p>e s p e c ia l ly o n a s o c ia l n e tw o r k in g s ite . H e d id n ’t</p><p>w a n t h is fa m ily a n d fr ie n d s to th in k h e w a s b ra g g in g</p><p>a b o u t h is A m e r ic a n g ir l f r ie n d . F r o m a n A m e r ic a n</p><p>p o in t o f v ie w , I th o u g h t h e w a s b e in g a b it c o ld ;</p><p>h o w e v e r f r o m a B u r m e s e p o in t o fv ie w , h e w a s</p><p>a c tu a lly b e in g r e s p e c tfu l.</p><p>A s c o n fu s e d a s I w a s a b o u t w h a t’s c o n s id e re d</p><p>g o o d a n d b a d m a n n e r s in Ja s o n 's c u ltu r e , h e fe lt th e</p><p>s a m e w a y a b o u t A m e r ic a n c u ltu r e . H e th o u g h t it</p><p>w a s b ad m a n n e r s to r e fe r to h av e a “b e s t fr ie n d ,” an d</p><p>h e w o u ld a rg u e w ith m e w h e n e v e r I c a lle d m y fr ie n d</p><p>R a c h e l , m y b e s t fr ie n d . ]a s o n s a id th e r e is n o su ch</p><p>th in g a s a “b e s t f r ie n d ” in B u r m e s e c u ltu r e . T h e r e</p><p>a re o n ly “c lo s e f r ie n d s .” It w o u ld b e in c o n s id e r a te</p><p>to n a m e o n e p e r s o n a s a “b e s t f r ie n d " b e c a u s e y o u r</p><p>o t h e r fr ie n d s w o u ld fe e l o ffe n d e d .</p><p>A n y w ay , w e 'v e b e e n to g e th e r fo r tw o y e a r s , an d</p><p>w e s t il l h av e d is a g re e m e n ts . B u t, w e ’ve le a rn e d th a t</p><p>a s lo n g a s w e ’re a c o u p le , w e’ll n e v e r c o m p le te ly a g re e</p><p>a b o u t w h e th e r o u r m a n n e r s a re g o o d o r b a d , a n d th a t</p><p>m o s t im p o rta n tly . . . i t ’s O K to a g re e to d is a g re e !</p><p>3 8)))</p><p>Part 1</p><p>Interviewer W h a t m a d e y o u w a n t to b e c o m e a</p><p>s o c c e r r e fe r e e , o r fo o tb a ll r e fe r e e a s y o u w ou ld</p><p>c a ll it?</p><p>Juan M y fa th e r w a s a re fe r e e , b u t th a t d id n ’t</p><p>in f lu e n c e m e - in fa c t , th e o p p o s ite b e c a u s e I saw</p><p>a ll th e p ro b le m s th a t h e h a d a s a r e fe r e e . B u t a s a</p><p>c h ild I w a s a lw a y s a t t r a c te d b y th e id e a o f b e in g</p><p>a re fe r e e , a n d a t s c h o o l I u se d to r e fe r e e a ll k in d s</p><p>o f s p o r ts , b a s k e tb a ll , h a n d b a ll , v o lle y b a ll , a n d o f</p><p>c o u r s e , fo o tb a ll . I w a s in v ite d to jo in th e R e f e r e e ’s</p><p>F e d e r a tio n w h e n I w a s o n ly 1 4 y e a r s o ld .</p><p>Interviewer W e r e y o u g o o d a t s p o r ts y o u r s e l f ?</p><p>Juan Y e s , I w a s a v e ry g o o d h a n d b a ll p lay e r. P eo p le</p><p>o f t e n th in k th a t r e fe r e e s b e c o m e r e fe r e e s b e c a u se</p><p>th e y a re f r u s t r a te d s p o r ts m e n , b u t t h i s is ju s t n o t</p><p>tr u e in m o s t c a s e s in m y e x p e r ie n c e .</p><p>Interviewer W h a t w a s th e m o s t e x c i t in g m a tc h</p><p>y o u e v e r re fe r e e d ?</p><p>Juan I t ’s d i f f i c u l t to c h o o s e o n e m a tc h a s th e m o s t</p><p>e x c it in g . I re m e m b e r s o m e o f th e R e a l M a d r id -</p><p>B a r c e lo n a m a tc h e s , fo r e x a m p le th e f i r s t o n e I</p><p>e v e r re fe r e e d . T h e a tm o s p h e r e w a s in c r e d ib le in</p><p>th e s ta d iu m . B u t r e a lly i t ’s im p o s s ib le to p ic k ju s t</p><p>o n e - th e r e h av e b e e n s o m an y .</p><p>Interviewer W h a t w a s th e w o r s t e x p e r ie n c e you</p><p>e v e r h a d a s a r e fe r e e ?</p><p>Juan T h e w o r s t? W e ll , th a t w a s s o m e t h in g th a t</p><p>h a p p e n e d v e ry e a r ly in m y c a r e e r . 1 w a s o n ly 16 ,</p><p>a n d i w a s r e fe r e e in g a m a tc h in a to w n in S p a in ,</p><p>a n d th e h o m e te a m lo s t . A f t e r th e m a tc h , I w a s</p><p>a tta c k e d a n d in ju r e d b y th e p la y e rs o f th e h o m e</p><p>te a m a n d b y th e s p e c t a to r s . A f t e r a ll th e s e y e a r s I</p><p>c a n s t i l l re m e m b e r a m o th e r , w h o h a d a l i t t le bab y</p><p>in h e r a rm s , w h o w a s t r y in g to h it m e . S h e w a s s o</p><p>a n g r y w ith m e th a t s h e n e a r ly d ro p p e d h e r b aby .</p><p>T h a t w a s m y w o r s t m o m e n t , a n d it n e a r ly m a d e</p><p>m e s to p b e i n g a re fe r e e .</p><p>Listening 125</p><p>Interviewer D o y o u th in k th a t th e r e 's m o re</p><p>c h e a t in g in s o c c e r th a n in th e p a s t?</p><p>Juan Y e s , I th in k so .</p><p>Interviewer W h y ?</p><p>Juan I th in k i t 's b e c a u s e th e r e ’s so m u c h m o n e y</p><p>in fo o t b a ll to d a y th a t i t ’s b e c o m e m u ch m o re</p><p>im p o r ta n t to w in . A ls o fo o tb a ll is m u c h fa s te r</p><p>th a n ii u se d to b e , s o i t ’s m u c h m o re d i f f i c u l t fo r</p><p>r e fe r e e s to d e te c t c h e a t in g .</p><p>Interviewer H o w d o s o c c e r p la y e rs c h e a t?</p><p>Juan O h , th e r e a re m a n y w ay s, b u t fo r m e th e w o rst</p><p>th in g in fo o tb a ll to d a y is w h a t w e c a l l “s im u la tio n .”</p><p>S im u la tio n is w h en a p la y e r p re te n d s to h ave</p><p>b e e n fo u le d w h en in fa c t h e h a sn ’t . F o r e x a m p le ,</p><p>s o m e t im e s a p la y e r fa lls o v e r in th e p e n a lty a re a</p><p>w h e n , in fa c t , n o b o d y h a s to u ch e d h im a n d th is</p><p>c a n re su lt in th e r e fe r e e g iv in g a p e n a lty w h e n it</p><p>w a s n ’t a p e n a lty . In m y o p in io n , w h e n a p la y e r d o e s</p><p>th is h e ’s c h e a t in g n o t o n ly th e re fe r e e , n o t o n ly th e</p><p>p lay e rs o f th e o th e r te a m , b u t a lso th e s p e c ta to rs ,</p><p>b e c a u s e s p e c ta to r s pay m o n e y to s e e a fa ir c o n te s t .</p><p>3 9)))</p><p>Part 2</p><p>Interviewer W h a t ’s th e m o s t d if f ic u l t th in g a b o u t</p><p>b e in g a re fe r e e ?</p><p>Juan T h e m o s t d i f f i c u l t th in g is t o m a k e th e r ig h t</p><p>d e c is io n s d u r in g a m a tc h . I t ’s d if f ic u l t b e c a u s e</p><p>y o u h av e to m a k e d e c is io n s w h e n e v e r y th in g ’s</p><p>h a p p e n in g s o q u ick ly - fo o tb a ll to d a y is v ery</p><p>fa s t . Y o u m u st r e m e m b e r th a t e v e r y th in g is</p><p>h a p p e n in g a t 1 0 0 k i lo m e tr e s a n h o u r. A ls o</p><p>im p o r ta n t d e c is io n s o f t e n d e p en d o n th e r e fe r e e ’s</p><p>in te r p r e ta t io n o f th e r u le s . T h in g s a r e n ’t b la ck</p><p>a n d w h ite . A n d o f c o u r s e m a k in g d e c is io n s w ou ld</p><p>b e m u c h e a s ie r i f p la y e rs d id n ’t c h e a t.</p><p>Interviewer D o y o u th in k th a t th e id e a o f fa ir p lay</p><p>d o e s n ’t e x is t an y m o re ?</p><p>Juan N o t a t a ll . I th in k fa ir p lay d o e s e x i s t - d i e</p><p>p la y e rs w h o c h e a t a r e th e e x c e p t io n s .</p><p>Interviewer F in a lly , w h o d o y o u th in k is th e b e s t</p><p>p la y e r r ig h t n o w ?</p><p>Juan I th in k m o s t p e o p le a g r e e th a t th e b e s t</p><p>fo o tb a lle r to d a y is L e o M e s s i .</p><p>Interviewer W h y d o y o u th in k lie ’s s o g o o d</p><p>more about future forms, and</p><p>practice them.</p><p>3 P R O N U N C IA T IO N sentence stress</p><p>P Sentence stress</p><p>An important aspect of speaking English is stressing the words in a sentence</p><p>that carry the information, and not stressing the other ones. This will help you to</p><p>communicate better and to speak with good rhythm.</p><p>a 121))) Listen to the rhythm in these three dialogues.</p><p>1 A Are you coming home for dinner tonight?</p><p>b No. fm going out with my friends.</p><p>2 A What are you going to do in the summer?</p><p>b we re going to rent a house with my sister and her husband.</p><p>3 a do you think they'll have children soon?</p><p>b ı don’t think so. Not for a few years anyway.</p><p>b Practice them with a partner. Copy the rhythm.</p><p>c Ask and answer the questions below. Give as much information as possible.</p><p>ARE YOU...?</p><p>• having dinner with your family tonight</p><p>• or is anyone in your family getting married soon</p><p>• doing something with a family member this week</p><p>• visiting a relative this weekend</p><p>ARE YOU GOING TO...?</p><p>• have a new nephew or niece soon</p><p>• have a big family get-together soon</p><p>• go on vacation with your family this year</p><p>• buy a present for a member of your family this month</p><p>DO YOU THINK...?</p><p>• the number of people getting divorced will go up or down in the future</p><p>• the birthrate will go up or down in your country</p><p>• anyone in your family will live to be 90 or more</p><p>• you will move away from (or back to) the area where your family lives</p><p>4 1 22>)) S O N G Our House</p><p>Online Practice ■ IB 9</p><p>5 R E A D IN G</p><p>a W hich do you think has more advantages,</p><p>being an only child, or having brothers and</p><p>sisters? Why?</p><p>b Work in pairs. A read The Younger Brother,</p><p>B read The Only Child.</p><p>c Tell your partner about 1 and 2 below.</p><p>Whose childhood sounds happier?</p><p>1 other family members who are mentioned</p><p>2 how the writer’s experience as a child</p><p>affects him / her now</p><p>d Look at the highlighted words in the two</p><p>texts. Try to figure out their meaning</p><p>from the context. Then match them with</p><p>definitions 1-12.</p><p>1 ____________ adj ill</p><p>2 ____________ it’s no surprise that</p><p>3 ____________ noun competition between</p><p>two people</p><p>4 ____________ noun the time when you were</p><p>a child</p><p>5 ____________ norm a meeting of people,</p><p>e.g., family</p><p>6 ____________ norm people who are fully</p><p>grown</p><p>7 ____________ adj knowing about or being</p><p>conscious of something</p><p>8 ____________ noun a school where children</p><p>can live during the year</p><p>9 ____________ verb think that somebody or</p><p>something is important</p><p>10 ____________ verb divided something</p><p>between two or more people</p><p>11 _____________verb try to hurt somebody else</p><p>12 ____________ noun a group of friends</p><p>m each other</p><p>When brothers and sisters get older they</p><p>value each other more.</p><p>Use each other to talk about an action</p><p>between two people or groups of people, e.g.,</p><p>I don’t get along very well with my father. We</p><p>don't understand each other.</p><p>e Talk to a partner. Do you have brothers and</p><p>sisters, or are you an only child? Do you feel</p><p>positive or negative about it?</p><p>10 IB</p><p>THE YOUNGER BROTHER</p><p>NOVELIST TIM LOTT</p><p>Rivalry between brothers is normal, but</p><p>there was a special reason for the tension</p><p>between us. 1 was very ill when I was born,</p><p>and spent three months in the hospital</p><p>with my mother. My brother did not see</p><p>her at all during that time because he</p><p>went to stay with an aunt. When our</p><p>mother returned home, it was with a sick</p><p>newborn baby who took all the attention.</p><p>No wonder he haled me (although if you</p><p>ask Jeff, he will say that he didn’t - we</p><p>remember things differently).</p><p>My brother and I were completely</p><p>different. We shared the same bedroom,</p><p>but he was neat, and 1 was really messy.</p><p>He was responsible; I was rebellious. He</p><p>was sensible; I was emotional. I don’t</p><p>have any positive memories of our childhood together,</p><p>though there must have been good moments. Je ff says we used to play</p><p>“Cowboys and Indians,” but I only remember him trying to suffocate</p><p>me under the bedcovers.</p><p>My relationship with Je ff has influenced my attitude toward my own</p><p>four daughters. If the girls fight, I always think that the younger child</p><p>is innocent. But the good news about brothers and sisters is that when</p><p>they get older, they value each other more. Je ff is now one of my best</p><p>friends, and I like and admire him greatly. For better or for worse, we</p><p>share a whole history. It is the longest relationship in my life.</p><p>Adapted from T he T im es</p><p>THE ONLY CHILD</p><p>JOURNALIST SARAH LEE</p><p>I went to boarding school when 1 was seven, and the hardest thing I</p><p>found was making friends. Because I was an only child, I just didn’t</p><p>know how to do it. The thing is that when you’re an only child, you</p><p>spend a lot of your time with adults, and you're often the only child in</p><p>a gathering of adults. Your parents go on living more or less</p><p>the way they have always lived, only now you are there, too.</p><p>I found being an only child interesting because it gave me</p><p>a view of the world of adults that children in a big family</p><p>might not get. And I know it has, at least partly, made me</p><p>the kind of person I am - 1 never like being one of a group,</p><p>for example. I f I have to be in a group, I will always try to go</p><p>off and do something on my own, or be with just one other</p><p>person — I’m not comfortable with being one of a gang.</p><p>My parents are divorced now and my mother lives in the US</p><p>and my father in the UK. I feel very responsible for them - I</p><p>feel responsible for their happiness. I ’m the closest relative in</p><p>the world to each of them, and I am very aware of tiiat.</p><p>Adapted from T he G uard ian</p><p>Younger brother only child?</p><p>6 V O C A B U L A R Y</p><p>adjectives of personality</p><p>a Without looking back at The Younger Brother</p><p>text, can you remember who was neat,</p><p>responsible, and sensible and who was messy,</p><p>rebellious, and em otional? Do you know what</p><p>the adjectives mean? Would you use any of</p><p>them to describe yourself?</p><p>b > - p.153 Vocabulary Bank Personality</p><p>c Write down the first three adjectives of</p><p>personality that come into your head. Don't</p><p>show them to your partner. Now go to</p><p>> - Communication Personality p.108.</p><p>7 P R O N U N C IA T IO N</p><p>word stress, adjective endings</p><p>a 1 26))) Underline the stressed syllable in</p><p>these mulitsyllable adjectives. Listen and</p><p>check.</p><p>1 jea lous an xious am bi tious</p><p>ge ne rous re bell ious</p><p>2 so cia ble re li a ble</p><p>3 re spon si ble sen si ble</p><p>4 com pe ti five tal ka five</p><p>a ggre ssive sen si tive</p><p>5 un friend ly in se cure</p><p>im pa tient i mma ture</p><p>b Listen again and answer the questions.</p><p>1 Is -ous pronounced /aus/ or /as/?</p><p>2 Is -ab le pronounced bb\l or /eibl/?</p><p>3 Is -ib le pronounced /obi/ or /ibl/?</p><p>4 Is -ive pronounced /ov/ or /iv/?</p><p>5 Are -ous / -ab le / -ib le / -ive stressed?</p><p>6 Are un- / in- / im - stressed?</p><p>8 L IS T E N IN G & S P E A K IN G</p><p>a</p><p>b</p><p>W hat’s your position in the family?</p><p>Are you the oldest child, a middle child, the</p><p>youngest child, or an only child?</p><p>1 27))) Look at the cover o f Linda Blair’s</p><p>book. Now listen to a journalist talking</p><p>about it on a radio program. Complete the</p><p>chart by writing four more adjectives of</p><p>personality in each column.</p><p>Oldest children Middle children Youngest children Only children I</p><p>sensible relaxed outgoing self-confident</p><p>c Compare with a partner. Then listen to the four sections one by</p><p>one. Check your answers. What reasons or examples does the</p><p>journalist give?</p><p>d Look at the completed chart above. In pairs, say...</p><p>...if you th ink it is true fo r you - and if not, why not?</p><p>...if you th ink it is true fo r other people you know</p><p>(your brothers and sisters, friends, etc.)</p><p>9 W R IT IN G</p><p>> - p.113 Writing A description o f a person . Write a description of</p><p>a friend you know well.</p><p>Online Practice IB 11</p><p>Practical Engli Meeting the parents</p><p>■ < IN T R O D U C T IO N</p><p>a Look at the photos. Describe Jenny and Rob.</p><p>b 1 28)}) Watch or listen to Jenny and Rob talking. Fill</p><p>in the blanks.</p><p>Jenny Zielinski and Rob Walker work for a 1</p><p>called New York24seven. She’s American, and he's</p><p>2__________ . Rob came to New York a</p><p>?</p><p>Juan I t ’s h a rd to say w h a t m a k e s h im s o s p e c ia l , b u t</p><p>a s tu d y w a s d o n e o n h im w h ic h sh o w ed th a t M e ss i</p><p>c a n ru n fa s te r w ith th e b a ll th a n m a n y fo o tb a lle r s</p><p>c a n d o w ith o u t th e b a ll . A p a r t fro m h is g re a t</p><p>a b ility , w h a t I a lso lik e a b o u t h im is th a t h e is n ’t th e</p><p>ty p ica l su p e rs ta r fo o tb a lle r . Y ou c a n se e th a t he</p><p>e n jo y s p la y in g fo o tb a ll , an d h e b e h a v e s in p u b lic</p><p>a n d in h is p e rso n a l life in a v e ry n o rm a l w ay. T h a t ’s</p><p>u n u su a l w h e n you th in k h o w fa m o u s h e is. A n d</p><p>w h a t’s m o re he d o e s n ’t c h e a t - h e d o e s n ’t n e e d to !</p><p>3 23)))</p><p>Host H e llo , a n d w e lc o m e to Forum, th e p ro g ra m</p><p>t h a t a s k s y o u w h a t y o u th in k a b o u t c u r r e n t to p ic s .</p><p>T o d a y M a r t h a P a rk w il l b e ta lk in g a b o u t th e</p><p>s o c ia l n e tw o r k in g s ite F a c e b o o k , h o w w e u se it ,</p><p>h o w m u c h w e l ik e it - o r d is l ik e it . S o g e t re ad y to</p><p>c a l l u s , o r te x t u s a n d te ll u s w h a t y o u t h in k . T h e</p><p>n u m b e r a s a lw a y s is 5 5 5 - 4 3 1 8 . M a r t h a .</p><p>Martha H e llo . S in c e F a c e b o o k w a s f ir s t la u n ch e d</p><p>in 2 0 0 4 , a lo t o f re s e a r c h h a s b e e n d o n e to fin d</p><p>o u t w h a t k in d o f p e o p le u s e it , w h a t th e y u se it fo r ,</p><p>a n d w h a t e f f e c t it h a s o n th e ir liv e s . A c c o r d in g</p><p>t o a r e c e n t s tu d y by c o n s u m e r r e s e a rc h s p e c ia l is t</p><p>In te r s p e r ie n c e , th e a v e ra g e 2 2 y e a r o ld in B r ita in</p><p>h a s o v e r 1 ,0 0 0 o n lin e fr ie n d s . In fa c t , 2 2 s e e m s to</p><p>b e th e a g e a t w h ic h th e n u m b e r o f fr ie n d s p e a k s .</p><p>It a ls o a p p e a rs th a t w o m e n h a v e s lig h tly m o re</p><p>o n lin e fr ie n d s th a n m e n . A n d a n o th e r s tu d y fro m</p><p>a n A m e r ic a n u n iv e rs ity s h o w s th a t p e o p le w h o</p><p>sp e n d a lo t o f t im e o n F a c e b o o k r e a d in g o th e r</p><p>p e o p le ’s p o s ts te n d to fe e l m o re d is s a t is f ie d w ith</p><p>th e ir o w n liv e s , b e c a u s e th e y fe e l th a t e v e ry o n e</p><p>e ls e is h a v in g a b e t te r t im e th a n th e y a re .</p><p>S o , o v e r to y o u . D o y o u u se F a c e b o o k ? H o w</p><p>d o y o u fe e l a b o u t i t? C a n y o u r e a lly h a v e 1 ,0 0 0</p><p>fr ie n d s ? A r e s o c ia l n e tw o r k in g s i te s m a k in g u s</p><p>u n h a p p y ? C a l I in a n d s h a r e y o u r e x p e r ie n c e s . ..</p><p>3 24)))</p><p>Host A n d o u r f i r s t c a lle r is Y o u n g . G o a h e a d , Y o u n g .</p><p>Young H i. U h , y e a h , I u se F a c e b o o k a lo t , ev ery day.</p><p>I th in k i t 's a g r e a t w a y to , u h , o r g a n iz e y o u r s o c ia l</p><p>l ife a n d k e ep in to u c h w ith y o u r fr ie n d s .</p><p>1 h a v e a lo t o f fr ie n d s .</p><p>Martha H o w m a n y fr ie n d s d o y o u h a v e , Y o u n g ?</p><p>Young R ig h t n o w , I h av e 1 ,0 4 2 .</p><p>Martha A n d h o w m a n y o f th e m d o y o u k n o w</p><p>p e r s o n a lly ?</p><p>Young A b o u t h a l f m a y b e ?</p><p>Martha A n d w h a t d o y o u u se F a c e b o o k fo r?</p><p>Young F o r m e , i t ’s a g o o d w a y to g e t in to u ch w ith</p><p>m y fr ie n d s w ith o u t h a v in g to u se th e p h o n e a ll th e</p><p>t im e . W h e n I ’m h a v in g a b u s y w e e k a t s c h o o l , I</p><p>c a n c h a n g e m y s t a tu s so I c a n le i m y fr ie n d s k n o w</p><p>I c a n ’t g o o u t. T h a t ’s a lo t e a s ie r th a n w a s t in g t im e</p><p>te l l in g p e o p le “s o r r y I ’m to o b u sy to g e t to g e th e r .”</p><p>I t ’s ju s t e a s ie r a n d q u ic k e r th a n u s in g th e p h o n e .</p><p>Host T h a n k s , Y o u n g . W e h av e a n o th e r c a l le r , i t 's</p><p>B e th . H e llo , B e t h . '</p><p>Beth H i. U h , I d o n ’t u s e F a c e b o o k o r a n y o th e r</p><p>s o c ia l n e tw o r k in g s ite .</p><p>Martha W h y ’s t h a t B e th ?</p><p>Beth W e ll , tw o r e a s o n s . F ir s t , I d o n ’t sp e n d m u ch</p><p>t im e o n lin e . I p lay a lo t o f s p o r t s - I ’m o n a h o ck e y</p><p>te a m , s o I m e e t m y te a m m a te s a lm o s t e v e ry day,</p><p>a n d w e d o n ’t n e e d to c o m m u n ic a te o n F a c e b o o k .</p><p>Martha A n d th e o th e r r e a s o n ?</p><p>Beth I ju s t d o n ’t re a lly l ik e th e w h o le id e a o f s o c ia l</p><p>n e tw o r k in g s ite s . I m e a n , w h y w o u ld I w a n t to</p><p>te ll th e w h o le w o rld e v e r y th in g th a t I ’m d o in g ? I</p><p>d o n ’t w a n t to s h a r e m y p e r s o n a l in f o r m a t io n w ith</p><p>th e w o rld a n d b e c o m e f r ie n d s w ith p e o p le I d o n ’t</p><p>e v en k n o w . A n d I d o n ’t w a n t to re a d w h a t o th e r</p><p>p e o p le h a d fo r b r e a k fa s t o r lu n c h o r d in n e r o r</p><p>w h a t th e y 're p la n n in g to d o th is w e e k e n d .</p><p>Host T h a n k s fo r th a t , B e th . O u r n e x t c a l le r is</p><p>E m m a . I t ’s y o u r tu r n , E m m a .</p><p>Martha H i, E m m a</p><p>Emma H i, M a r th a .</p><p>Martha A n d d o y o u u se F a c e b o o k , E m m a ?</p><p>Emma I u se it o n c e in a w h ile , b u t n o t v e ry m u ch .</p><p>I o n ly re a lly u se it to k e e p u p w ith fr ie n d s w h o</p><p>h ave m o v e d a b ro a d o r liv e t o o fa r aw ay fo r us</p><p>to m e e t re g u la r ly . F o r e x a m p le , o n e o f m y b e s t</p><p>f r ie n d s r e c e n t ly m o v e d to C a n a d a , a n d w e c h a t o n</p><p>F a c e b o o k . B u t 1 n e v e r a d d f r ie n d s w h o a re p eo p le</p><p>I h a rd ly k n o w . I ju s t c a n ’t u n d e rs ta n d th o s e</p><p>p e o p le w h o c o lle c t h u n d re d s o r ev en th o u s a n d s</p><p>o f F a c e b o o k fr ie n d s ! I th in k i t ’s ju s t c o m p e tit io n ,</p><p>p e o p le w h o w a n t to m a k e it se e m th a t th e y ’re</p><p>m o r e p o p u la r th a n e v e ry b o d y e ls e .</p><p>M a r t h a S o y o u th in k th e F a c e b o o k w o rld is k in d</p><p>o f u n r e a l?</p><p>Emma A b so lu te ly . I th in k p e o p le w r i te th in g s an d</p><p>p o s t p h o to s o f t h e m s e lv e s ju s t to s h o w e v e ry o n e</p><p>th e y k n o w w h a t a fa n ta s t ic t im e th e y ’re h a v in g</p><p>a n d w h a t e x c i t in g liv es th e y le a d . B u t th e y ’re</p><p>p ro b a b ly ju s t s i t t in g a t h o m e in f r o n t o f th e</p><p>c o m p u te r a ll th e t im e .</p><p>Host T h a n k s fo r th a t , E m m a . W e h av e t im e fo r</p><p>o n e m o re c a l le r b e fo r e th e n e w s , a n d i t ’s N e d . H i,</p><p>N e d . Y o u 'l l h ave to b e q u ick .</p><p>Martha H i, N ed .</p><p>Ned H i. W h e n I s ta r te d o f f w ith F a c e b o o k , ( th o u g h t</p><p>it w a s g r e a t, a n d I u se d it to c o m m u n ic a te w ith c lo s e</p><p>fr ie n d s a n d w ith fam ily , an d 1 g o t b a c k in to u ch w ith</p><p>o ld fr ie n d s fr o m s c h o o l, i t w a s g o o d b e c a u s e all th e</p><p>p e o p le 1 w a s fr ie n d s w ith o n F a c e b o o k w e re p eo p le</p><p>I kn ew , an d I w a s in te re s te d in w h a t th e y w ere</p><p>d o in g . B u t th e n I s ta r te d a d d in g fr ie n d s , p eo p le 1</p><p>h a rd ly k n e w w h o w e re fr ie n d s o f fr ie n d s , p eo p le</p><p>lik e t h a t - i n th e en d , I h ad m o re th a n a 1 , 0 0 0 - and</p><p>ii ju st b e c a m e ioo m u ch . I t w a s ju s t to o m an y</p><p>p eo p le le a v in g u p d ates, w r it in g m e ssa g e s o n m y</p><p>w a ll.</p><p>S o la s t m o n th I d e cid ed to d e lete m o s t o f</p><p>th e m . It to o k m e a b o u t h a lfa n h o u r io d e le te , a n d in</p><p>th e e n d , th e o n ly p e o p le I le ft w e re a c tu a l, re a l- life</p><p>fr ie n d s an d fa m ily , a n d o ld s c h o o l fr ie n d s . I g o t it</p><p>d o w n to 9 9 . I t w a s re a lly lib era tin g .</p><p>Host T h a n k s , N e d , a n d w e ’ll b e b a c k a f t e r th e</p><p>n e w s , s o k e ep th o s e c a l ls c o m in g .</p><p>3 25)))</p><p>Jenny M o n ic a !</p><p>Monica ]e n n y !</p><p>Jenny W o w ! H o w a r e y o u ? Y o u lo o k g r e a t!</p><p>Monica T h a n k s , je n n y ! Y o u lo o k re a lly g o o d , to o .</p><p>Jenny H ey , w hy d o n ’t w e g e t s o m e c o f fe e ?</p><p>Monica I ’d love to , b u t I ’m o n th e w ay to m e e t .. . o h ,</p><p>c o m e o n . F iv e m in u te s !</p><p>Jenny S o , h o w is e v e ry th in g ?</p><p>Monica O h , g r e a t . T h in g s c o u ld n ’t b e b e t te r</p><p>a c tu a lly . S c o t t a n d I . . . w e ’r e g e t t in g m a rr ie d !</p><p>Jenny Y o u 're w h a t? C o n g r a tu la t io n s !</p><p>Monica T h a n k y o u !</p><p>Jenny W h e n d id y o u g e t e n g a g e d ?</p><p>Monica O n ly a fe w d a y s a g o . I ’m g lad I sa w you</p><p>a c tu a lly . I w a s g o in g to c a ll y o u . W e ’ve o n ly to ld</p><p>fa m ily s o fa r .</p><p>Jenny I c a n 't b e lie v e it . M o n ic a th e w ife ! A n d to</p><p>th in k y o u u se d to g o c lu b b in g e v e ry n ig h t!</p><p>Monica W e ll , th a t w a s a fe w y e a r s a g o ! A l l I w an t</p><p>to d o n o w is s ta y in a n d re a d w e d d in g m a g a z in e s .</p><p>Jenny A n d h o w a r e th e p la n s c o m in g a lo n g ?</p><p>Monica I h av en ’t d o n e a n y th in g y e t . M y m o m a n d</p><p>S c o t t ’s m o m w a n t to o r g a n iz e th e w h o le th in g</p><p>th e m s e lv e s !</p><p>Jenny T h a t ’s w h a t m o th e r s a r e fo r !</p><p>Monica T ru e . B u t w h a t a b o u t y o u ? Y ou lo o k fa n ta stic .</p><p>Jenny W e ll , I g u e s s I ’m k in d o f h a p p y , to o .</p><p>Monica U h -h u h . W h a t ’s h is n a m e ?</p><p>Jenny R o b .</p><p>Monica Y o u ’v e b e e n k e e p in g h im v e ry q u ie t ! Is it</p><p>s e r io u s ?</p><p>Jenny U rn , it ’s k in d o f , y o u k n o w ...</p><p>Monica S o it is!</p><p>Jenny I t ’s s t i l l e a r ly . W e h a v e n ’t b e e n to g e th e r fo r</p><p>lo n g . H e o n ly m o v ed h e r e f r o m L o n d o n a few</p><p>m o n th s a g o ...</p><p>Monica W h a t? H e ’s B r it is h ? A n d y o u th in k y o u</p><p>c a n p e r su a d e h im to s ta y in N e w Y o rk ? T h a t</p><p>w o n ’t b e e a sy !</p><p>Jenny I th in k h e l ik e s it h e re . Y o u k n o w h o w gu ys</p><p>a re , y o u n e v e r k n o w w h a t th e y ’r e th in k in g .</p><p>Monica W h e n c a n I m e e t h im ?</p><p>Jenny U h ... t h a t ’s h im now .</p><p>3 26)))</p><p>Rob D o y o u m in d i f l jo in y o u ?</p><p>Monica O f c o u r s e n o t. C o m e o n , s i t d o w n .</p><p>Rob T h a n k y o u .</p><p>Monica I h a v e to le a v e in a m in u te an y w ay .</p><p>Rob C o u ld I h av e a la rg e la t te , p le a s e ?</p><p>W aiter O f c o u r s e .</p><p>Jenny R o b , th is is M o n ic a .</p><p>Monica N ic e to m e e t y o u , R o b .</p><p>Rob Y o u to o , M o n ic a . Y o u k n o w , Je n n y ta lk s a b o u t</p><p>y o u a lo t . A n d I ’v e s e e n c o lle g e p h o to s o f y o u tw o</p><p>to g e th e r . A i je n n y ’s p a r e n ts ' h o u s e .</p><p>Jenny O f c o u r s e y o u h a v e . M y d a d ’s p h o to s .</p><p>Rob Y o u 'v e h a rd ly c h a n g e d a t a ll.</p><p>Monica W h a t a n ic e m a n ! I c a n s e e w h y y o u lik e</p><p>h im , Je n n y . T h e p e r fe c t E n g lis h g e n t le m a n .</p><p>W aiter Y o u r la tte .</p><p>Rob O h , th a n k s . C a n y o u p a s s th e su g a r?</p><p>Jenny S u r e .</p><p>Monica S o r r y g u y s , b u t I h av e to g o .</p><p>Rob Y o u ’r e s u r e I h a v en ’t in te r r u p te d a n y th in g ?</p><p>Monica N o t a t a ll . I t 's ju s t th a t I h ave to m e e t</p><p>s o m e o n e . B u t l e t ’s g e t to g e th e r v e ry s o o n .</p><p>Jenny W e w ill!</p><p>Monica B y e , R o b . N ic e m e e t in g y o u .</p><p>Rob B y e.</p><p>Jenny B y e. T a lk s o o n .</p><p>Rob S h e s e e m s lik e a h ap p y p e rso n .</p><p>Jenny S h e is , e s p e c ia l ly r ig h t n o w - s h e ’s g e t t in g</p><p>m a rr ie d .</p><p>Rob T h a t ’s fa n ta s t ic n ew s!</p><p>Jenny Y e a h , it is . I g u e s s w e ’r e a t th a t a g e now .</p><p>W h e n m o s t o f o u r fr ie n d s a r e s e t t l in g d o w n an d</p><p>g e t t in g m a rr ie d .</p><p>Rob Y e a h ... O h , s p e a k in g o f fr ie n d s , I w a n t to a s k</p><p>y o u a fa v o r. I s it O K i f w e c h a n g e o u r p la n s a b it</p><p>t h i s w e e k ?</p><p>Jenny U h .. . s u r e . W h a t ’s up ?</p><p>126 Listening</p><p>Rob I ’v e ju s t h ad a c a ll fro m an o ld fr ie n d o f m in e ,</p><p>P au l. I h a v en 't se e n h im s in c e w e w e re a t u n iv ersity ,</p><p>a n d h e’s tra v e lin g a ro u n d th e S ta te s a t th e m o m e n t.</p><p>A n y w ay , h e ’s a rr iv in g in N e w Y o rk th is e v e n in g</p><p>a n d , u h ... I ’v e in v ited h im to s ta y fo r th e w e ek .</p><p>Jenny C o o l ! I t ’ ll b e fu n to m e e t o n e o f y o u r o ld</p><p>fr ie n d s ! W h a t ’s h e lik e ?</p><p>Rob O h , P a u l’s a la u g h . H e u se d t o b e a b it w ild , b u t</p><p>th a t w a s a lo n g t im e a g o . H e 's p r o b a b ly ch a n g e d</p><p>c o m p le te ly .</p><p>Jenny W e ll , I ’m lo o k in g fo r w a rd to m e e t in g h im .</p><p>Rob Ju s t o n e o th e r th in g . C o u ld y o u d o m e a b ig</p><p>fa v o r? i h av e to w o rk la te th is e v e n in g s o ... w ou ld</p><p>y o u m in d m e e t in g h im a t th e a ir p o r t?</p><p>Jenny N o t a t a ll . I ’d lik e to m e e t h im .</p><p>Rob A n d d o y o u th in k y o u c o u ld ta k e h im to m y</p><p>f la t ? I ’ ll g iv e y o u th e key s.</p><p>Jenny N o p ro b le m , R o b .</p><p>Rob T h a n k s s o m u ch , ]e n n y . Y o u ’re a r e a l s ta r .</p><p>3 29)))</p><p>Paul H ey , m a n !</p><p>Rob P au l!</p><p>Paul I t ’s g r e a t to s e e y o u , m a te .</p><p>Rob Y o u to o , P a u l. I t ’s b e e n y e a r s . Y o u h a v e n ’t</p><p>c h a n g e d a t a ll.</p><p>P a u l Ju s t g o t b e t te r lo o k in g !</p><p>Rob H o w c o m e y o u 're s o la te ?</p><p>Jenny P a u l's f l ig h t f r o m L A w a s d e la y e d . A n d th e n</p><p>th e t r a f f i c c o m in g b a c k w a s ju s t a w fu l.</p><p>P a u l B u t th a t g av e u s t im e to g e t to k n o w e a c h</p><p>o th e r .</p><p>Jenny Y e a h . P au l to ld m e a ll a b o u t h is tra v e ls .</p><p>E v e r y d e ta il .</p><p>Paul A n d lo o k a t th is . Y o u r o w n N ew Y o rk f ia t .</p><p>H o w c o o l i s th a t?</p><p>Rob I t ’s g o o d . R e a lly g o o d . B u t - d o y o u w a n t</p><p>s o m e th in g to e a t? I g o t s o m e th in g s o n m y w ay</p><p>h o m e .</p><p>Paul S ta y in ? I t ’s m y f ir s t n ig h t in th e B ig A p p le !</p><p>L e t ’s g o o u t a n d h ave a p iz z a o r s o m e th in g .</p><p>Rob 1 th o u g h t y o u ’d b e t ir e d a f t e r th e f l ig h t.</p><p>Paul N o w ay, m a n ! I ’m re a d y f o r a c t io n .</p><p>Rob G r e a t ! I ’l l g e t m y ja c k e t . . .</p><p>Jenny R o b , I th in k I 'l l g o h o m e i fy o u d o n ’t m in d . I,</p><p>u h , I ’m e x h a u s te d .</p><p>Rob O h , O K th e n .</p><p>Paul S o i t ’s a b o y s ’ n ig h t o u t!</p><p>Rob Ju st lik e th e o ld d ay s!</p><p>Paul A n d a f t e r th e p iz z a w e c a n g o o n so m e w h e r e</p><p>e ls e . R o b , w e ’v e g o t a lo t to ta lk a b o u t !</p><p>Listening 127</p><p>1 A</p><p>simple present and continuous, action and</p><p>nonaction verbs</p><p>s im p le p re s e n t: / live , h e w o rk s , e tc .</p><p>1 I w o r k in a bank. She s tu d ie s Russ ian . 1 10)})</p><p>W e d o n ’t h a ve any pets. Jack d o e sn ’ t w e a r glasses.</p><p>W h e re d o you l iv e ? D o e s you r b ro the r h a ve a car?</p><p>2 She u sua lly h a s cereal fo r breakfast.</p><p>I ’m never late fo r w ork.</p><p>W e on ly e a t o u t about once a m onth.</p><p>1 W e use the s im p le present fo r th ings that are a lways true o r</p><p>happen regularly.</p><p>• Rem em ber the sp e llin g ru les fo r th ird person s ingu lar, e.g.,</p><p>lives, studies, watches.</p><p>• Rem em ber the w ord o rde r fo r questions: (question word),</p><p>au x ilia ry , subject, base fo rm o f verb. Do you know David?</p><p>What time does the movie start?</p><p>2 W e often use the s im p le present w ith adverbs o ffrequency,</p><p>e.g., usually, never, o r express ions o f frequency, e.g., every day,</p><p>once a week.</p><p>• A dve rbs o f frequency go before the m a in verb, and after be.</p><p>• E xp re ss ion s o f frequency u sua lly go at the end o f the</p><p>sentence o r verb phrase.</p><p>p re s e n t c o n t in u o u s : b e + v e rb + - in g</p><p>A W h o a r c you w a it in g fo r? 1 ID ))</p><p>B I ’m w a it in g fo r a friend .</p><p>A Is you r s is te r s t i l l g o in g o u t w ith Adam ?</p><p>B N o , they broke up. She is n ’ t g o in g o u t w ith anyone</p><p>righ t now.</p><p>• W e use the present con tinuous (not the s im p le present)</p><p>fo r ac tion s in progress at the tim e o f speak ing , e.g., th ings</p><p>that are happen ing now o r around now. These are usua lly</p><p>tem porary, not hab itua l actions.</p><p>• Rem em ber the sp e llin g ru les, e.g., living, studying, getting.</p><p>• W e a lso use the present con tinuous fo r fu tu re arrangem ents</p><p>(see IB ) .</p><p>a c t io n an d n o n a c t io n v e rb s</p><p>A W h a t are you cooking? 1 12)))</p><p>B I’m making pasta.</p><p>A G reat! I lo v e pasta.</p><p>A W h a t are you looking for?</p><p>B M y ca r keys.</p><p>A I ' l l he lp you in a m inute.</p><p>B Bu t I need them now!</p><p>• Verbs that describe actions, e.g., cook, make, can be used</p><p>in the s im p le present o r con tinuous. I’m making lunch.</p><p>I usually m ake lunch on the weekend.</p><p>• Verbs that describe states o r feelings (not actions), e.g., love,</p><p>need, be, are nonaction verbs. They are not usua lly used in</p><p>the present con tinuous, even i f we mean “now .”</p><p>• C o m m o n nonaction verbs are agree, be, believe, belong,</p><p>depend, forget, hate, hear, know, like, love, matter, mean, need,</p><p>prefer, realize, recognize, remember, seem, suppose.</p><p>P Verbs than can be both action and nonaction</p><p>A few verbs have an action and a nonaction meaning,</p><p>e.g., have and think.</p><p>I have a cat now. = possession (nonaction)</p><p>I can't talk now. I'm having lunch. = an action</p><p>1 think this music's great. = opinion (nonaction)</p><p>What are you thinking about? = an action</p><p>a C o m p le te th e se n ten ce s w it h th e s im p le p re se n t o r</p><p>p re se n t c o n t in u o u s fo rm s o f th e v e rb s in p a ren th eses).</p><p>W e doii’t go to C h in e se re s tau ran ts v e ry o ften , (not go)</p><p>1 T h e se days, m o st c h i ld r e n _________ too m any suga ry</p><p>snacks, (have)</p><p>2 _________ y o u __________any v ita m in s r ig h t now ? (take)</p><p>3 D o n 't eat th a t sp in a ch i f y o u _________ it. (no t like )</p><p>4 _________ y o u r b o y f r ie n d __________h o w to c o o k</p><p>f is h ? (know )</p><p>5 W e _________ take-ou t p iz za s d u r in g the week, (not get)</p><p>6 W h a t_________ y o u r m o th e r__________? It sm e lls</p><p>great! (make)</p><p>7 Y o u lo o k sad. W h a t _________ y o u __________</p><p>abou t? (th in k )</p><p>8 T h e d ie t in m y c o u n t r y _________ w orse , (get)</p><p>9 H o w o f te n _________ y o u __________sea food? (eat)</p><p>10 I _________ u s u a lly __________ fish , (no t cook)</p><p>b (C i r c l e) the c o r re c t fo rm , s im p le p re sen t, o r c o n t in u o u s .</p><p>(T doift belieyfoj I ’m not believing th a t you co o ked th is</p><p>m ea l you rse lf.</p><p>1 C o m e on, le t ’s o rder. T h e w a ite r comes / is coming.</p><p>2 K a te doesn’t want / isn’t wanting to have d in n e r now .</p><p>She is n ’t hung ry .</p><p>3 T h e head c h e f is s ick , so he doesn’t work / isn’t working</p><p>today.</p><p>4 T h e check seems / is seeming v e ry h ig h to me.</p><p>5 W e 've had an a rgum en t, so we don’t speak /</p><p>aren't speaking to each o the r r ig h t now .</p><p>6 M y m o m thinks / is thinking m y d ie t is a w fu l these days.</p><p>7 D o we need / Are we needing to go sh o p p in g today?</p><p>8 C a n I c a ll you back? I have / I ’m having lu n ch r ig h t now .</p><p>9 i d id n 't use to l ik e o ily f is h , bu t n o w I love / I ’m loving it!</p><p>10 W h a t do you cook / are you cooking? It sm e lls d e lic io u s !</p><p>GRAMMAR BANKI B</p><p>future forms</p><p>b e g o in g to + b a se fo rm</p><p>future plans and intentions 1 17)))</p><p>M y s is te r’s going to adopt a ch ild .</p><p>Are you going to buy a new' ca r o r a used one?</p><p>I’m not going to go to N ew Y o rk C it y tom orrow . The</p><p>m eeting is canceled.</p><p>predictions 1 18)))</p><p>T he Yankees are going to win. They 're p lay ing rea lly w ell.</p><p>L o o k at those b lack clouds. I th in k i t ’s going to rain.</p><p>• W e use going to ( N O T will / won’t) w hen we have a lready</p><p>decided to do som eth ing . N O T My sister will adoprcrchikh</p><p>• W e a lso use going to to m ake a p red ic tion about the future,</p><p>espec ia lly w hen you can see o r have som e evidence</p><p>(e.g., b lack clouds).</p><p>p re s e n t c o n t in u o u s : b e + v e rb + - in g</p><p>future arrangements 1 19)))</p><p>L o rn a and James are getting m arried in O ctober.</p><p>We’re meeting at 10:00 tom o rrow in jack 's office.</p><p>Jane’s leaving on F rid a y and coming back next Tuesday.</p><p>• W e o ften use the present con tinuous fo r fu ture arrangem ents.</p><p>• The re is very lit t le d iffe rence between the present con tinuous</p><p>and going to fo r fu tu re p lans / arrangem ents, and o ften you</p><p>can use either.</p><p>- going to show s that you have made a decis ion.</p><p>We’re going to get married next year.</p><p>- the present con tinuous em phasizes that you have made</p><p>the arrangem ents. We’re getting married on October 12th.</p><p>(= we've ordered the in v ita tions, etc.)</p><p>• W e o ften use the present con tinuous w ith verbs re la ting</p><p>to trave l arrangem ents, e.g., go, come, arrive, leave, etc.</p><p>I’m going to Tokyo tomorrow and coming back on Tuesday.</p><p>w il l + b a s e fo rm</p><p>instant decisions, promises, offers, predictions, 1 20)))</p><p>future facts, suggestions</p><p>I ’ l l have the steak, (instan t decision)</p><p>I won’t tell anybody where you are. (prom ise)</p><p>I ’ l l carry that bag fo r you. (offer)</p><p>Y o u ’ l l lo v e N ew Y o rk C ity ! (p red iction)</p><p>I ’ l l b e hom e a ll a fte rnoon , (fu ture fact)</p><p>W e use will / won’t (N O T the simple present) fo r instant decisions,</p><p>prom ises, offers, and suggestions. N O T Icarry that bagforyou.</p><p>• W e can a lso use will / won’t fo r p red ictions, e.g., I think the</p><p>Yankees will win, and to ta lk about fu tu re facts, e.g., The</p><p>election will be on March 1st.</p><p>a ( C ir c le ) th e c o r r e c t fo rm . C h e c k / the</p><p>sen ten ce i f b o th a re p o ss ib le .</p><p>M y grandparents are going to retire / will retire</p><p>next year. /</p><p>1 We’U invite / We’re going to in v ite y o u r</p><p>pa ren ts fo r S u nd ay lunch?</p><p>2 I’m going to make / I ’ll make a cake fo r y o u r</p><p>m om 's b irth d ay , i f you w ant.</p><p>3 I ’m not having / I ’m not going to have d in n e r</p><p>w ith m y fa m ily ton ig h t.</p><p>4 T h e e xam will be / is being o n the la st F r id a y</p><p>o f the semester.</p><p>5 Y ou can tru s t m e. I ’m not telling / 1 won’t tell</p><p>anyone w h a t you to ld me.</p><p>6 M y cou s in is arriving / will arrive at 5:30 p.m .</p><p>7 I t h in k the b ir th ra te will go down / is going to</p><p>go down in m y c o u n try in the n ex t few years.</p><p>8 I ’m not going to go / I won’t go to m y b ro th e r-</p><p>in - la w ’s p a r ty n e x t w eekend.</p><p>9 I ’m going to help / I ’ll help you w ith the dishes.</p><p>b C o m p le te B ’s r e p lie s w it h a c o r r e c t fu tu re fo rm .</p><p>A W h a t 's y o u r s tepm o the r g o in g to do abou t he r ca r?</p><p>B S he’s going to buy a used one, (buy)</p><p>1 A I’m go in</p><p>g to m is s you.</p><p>B D o n 't w o rry . I p ro m ise I _________ every day. (w rite)</p><p>2 A W h a t are A la n 's p lan s fo r the fu tu re?</p><p>B H e _________ a degree in eng in ee rin g , (earn)</p><p>3 A C a n I see you to n ig h t?</p><p>B N o , I _________ late. H o w abou t Sa tu rd ay? (w ork)</p><p>4 A W h a t w o u ld you l ik e fo r an appe tize r?</p><p>B I _________ the sh r im p , p lease, (have)</p><p>5 A T h e re ’s n o th in g in the re fr ig e ra to r.</p><p>B O K . _________ w e __________som e take -ou t M e x ic a n fo od? (get)</p><p>6 A I d o n ’t have an y m oney, so I ca n 't go out.</p><p>B N o p rob lem , I _________ you som e, (lend)</p><p>7 A C a n w e have a ba rbecue to m o rro w ?</p><p>B I d o n ’t th in k so. O n the ra d io they sa id tha t i t _________ . (ra in)</p><p>8 A W e la n d at abou t e igh t o ’c lo ck .</p><p>B _________ y o u __________a r id e f ro m the a irp o r t? (need)</p><p>< p . 9</p><p>Online Practice 133</p><p>I’ll have the steak.</p><p>s im p le p a s t (w o rk e d , s to p p e d , w e n t, had, e tc .)present perfect and simple past</p><p>present perfect: h a v e /h a s + past participle (w o rk e d , seen , etc.)</p><p>1 past experiences 1 42)))</p><p>I’ve been to M ia m i but l haven’t been to Tampa.</p><p>H a v e you ever lo s t you r c red it card?</p><p>S a lly has never met B i l l ’s ex-w ife.</p><p>2 with yet and already (for emphasis)</p><p>l ’ve a lready se e n th is m ov ie tw ice . C a n ’t we w atch another one?J</p><p>M y b ro the r h a s n ’ t fo u n d a job yet. H e 's s t il l look ing .</p><p>H a v e you f in is h e d you r hom ew ork yet? N o , not yet.</p><p>1 W e use the present perfect fo r past experiences w hen we don 't say exactly</p><p>when they happened.</p><p>• W e often use ever and never when we ask o r ta lk about past</p><p>experiences. T hey go before the m a in verb.</p><p>2 In A m e r ican Eng lish , we use the present perfect and the s im p le past w ith</p><p>yet and already.</p><p>• already is used in 0 sentences and goes before the m a in verb.</p><p>• yet is used w ith Q sentences and [?]. It goes at the end o f the phrase.</p><p>• F o r ir re g u la r past pa rtic ip le s see I r r e g u la r v e rb s p.165.</p><p>They got m arried last year. 1 43)))</p><p>W h a t tim e did you wake up th is m orn ing?</p><p>I didn’t have tim e to do m y hom ew ork.</p><p>• Use the s im p le past fo r f in ish ed past actions</p><p>(when we say, ask, o r know when they happened).</p><p>p re s e n t p e r f e c t o r s im p le p a s t ?</p><p>I’ve been to M ia m i tw ice. 1 44)))</p><p>(= in my life up to now)</p><p>I went there in 1998 and 2002.</p><p>(= on tw o spec ific occasions)</p><p>• U se the s im p le past ( N O T the present perfect)</p><p>to ask o r ta lk about f in ish ed actions in the past,</p><p>when the time is mentioned or understood.</p><p>W e o ften use a past t im e express ion, e.g.,</p><p>yesterday, last week, etc.</p><p>a C o m p le te th e m in i d ia lo g u e s w ith the</p><p>p re se n t p e r fe c t f o r m o f th e v e rb in</p><p>p a re n th e se s an d an a d ve rb f r o m th e lis t .</p><p>Y o u c a n u se th e a d ve rb s m o re th a n once .</p><p>already ever never yet</p><p>A _________y o u __________ the</p><p>lo t t e r y _________ ? (play)</p><p>B T h a t 's w h y I ’m s m il in g - 1 w o n $50 !</p><p>1 A _________y o u _____________________a f l ig h t o n lin e ? (book)</p><p>B Yes, o f cou rse . I’ve done it m a n y tim es .</p><p>2 A W h e n are you g o in g to b u y a m o to rcyc le ?</p><p>B S oon . I ___________________ a lm o s t$ l,0 0 0 . (save)</p><p>3 A _________y o u __________ the e le c tr ic ity b i l l _________ ? (pay)</p><p>B N o , so rry . I fo rgo t.</p><p>4 A _________ y o u r p a re n ts____________________ yo u m oney? (lend)</p><p>B Yes, bu t I p a id it b ack as so o n as I cou ld .</p><p>5 A H o w does eBay w o rk ?</p><p>B I d o n ’t know . I ______________________________it. (use)</p><p>6 A _________y o u _____________________to T h a ila n d ? (be)</p><p>B N o , I haven ’t. B u t I'd l ik e to som e day.</p><p>7 A W h y d o n 't y o u have any m oney?</p><p>B I ___________________ m y sa lary . I b ou gh t a n ew tab le t</p><p>la st w eek, (spend)</p><p>8 A D o you l ik e H u g h Jackm an?</p><p>B Yes, I ___________________ h is n ew m o v ie tw ice ! (see)</p><p>b R ig h t o r w ro n g ? W r it e a c h e c k / o r a n /</p><p>n e x t to th e sen ten ce s . C o r r e c t th e w ro n g</p><p>sen ten ces.</p><p>I ’ve never been in debt. </</p><p>H o w m uch has y o u r new cam era cost? X</p><p>How much did your new camera cost?</p><p>1 D e a n in h e r ite d $ 5 ,0 0 0 f ro m a re la tive .</p><p>2 D id y o u r s is te r pay y o u b a ck yet?</p><p>3 W e b ooked o u r v a ca t io n o n lin e a</p><p>m o n th ago.</p><p>4 W h e n have you b ou gh t tha t lea the r jacket?</p><p>5 T h e y 'v e f in is h e d p a y in g b a ck the lo an la st</p><p>m on th .</p><p>6 W e haven ’t p a id the gas b i l l yet.</p><p>7 H ave you ever w asted a lo t o f m oney on</p><p>som e th in g ?</p><p>8 I’m sure I haven ’t b o rro w e d any m oney</p><p>f ro m you la st w eek.</p><p>9 I spen t m y sa la ry re a lly q u ic k ly la s t m on th .</p><p>10 H ave you seen the B a tm an m o v ie o n T V</p><p>yesterday?</p><p>< p.!6</p><p>2 A</p><p>GRAMMAR BANK2B</p><p>present perfect + for/since, present perfect continuous</p><p>present perfect + f o r / s in c e</p><p>T h e y ’ve known each o the r fo r ten years. 1 47)))</p><p>Ju lia h a s h a d that bag s ince she was in college.</p><p>A H o w long h a ve you worked here?</p><p>B S ince 1996.</p><p>A H o w long h a s you r b ro the r h a d h is m otorcycle?</p><p>B F o r about a year.</p><p>• W e use the present perfect +for o r since w ith n o n a c t io n v e rb s (e.g., like,</p><p>have, know, etc.) to ta lk about som eth ing that started in the past and is</p><p>s t i l l true now.</p><p>They’ve known each other fo r tenyears. (= they m et ten years ago, and they</p><p>s t il l know each o the r today)</p><p>• W e use How long...? + present perfect to ask about an un fin ish ed period</p><p>o f tim e (from the past u n t il now).</p><p>• W e use fo r + a period o f tim e, e.g., fo r two weeks, o r since + a po in t o f tim e,</p><p>e.g., since 1990.</p><p>• D o n 't use the sim p le present w ith fo r / since, N O T They know each other</p><p>f o r nIongtime.</p><p>present perfect continuous: have / h a s b e e n + verb + -ing</p><p>1 H o w long have you been learning En g lish ? 1 48)))</p><p>N ic k has been working here s ince A p r il .</p><p>T h e y ’ve been going out together fo r about th ree years.</p><p>2 Y o u r eyes are red. Have you been crying?</p><p>N o , I’ve been cutting on ions.</p><p>1 W e use the present perfect con tinuous w ith /o r</p><p>and since w ith a c t io n v e rb s (e.g., learn, work, go,</p><p>etc.) to ta lk about actions that started in the past</p><p>and are s t i l l true now.</p><p>• D o n 't use the present con tinuous w ith / o r /</p><p>since, N O T l am working h ere fo r twoyears.</p><p>2 W e can a lso use the present perfect con tinuous</p><p>fo r con tinuous o r repeated actions that have been</p><p>happen ing very recently. T he actions have usua lly</p><p>ju st fin ished .</p><p>I’ve (I have)</p><p>You’ve (You have)</p><p>He / She / It’s (He has)</p><p>We’ve (We have)</p><p>They’ve (They have)</p><p>been working here</p><p>for two years.</p><p>Have you been working</p><p>here for two years?</p><p>Yes,</p><p>1 have.</p><p>No,</p><p>1 haven’t.</p><p>Has she been working</p><p>here for two years?</p><p>Yes,</p><p>she has.</p><p>No,</p><p>she hasn’t.</p><p>work and live</p><p>Work and live are often used in either present</p><p>perfect or present perfect continuous with</p><p>the same meaning.</p><p>I’ve lived here since 1980.</p><p>I’ve been living here since 1980.</p><p>a C o r r e c t th e m is ta k e s .</p><p>H a r r y is u nem p loyed s in ce la s t year.</p><p>Harry has been unemployed since last year</p><p>1 W e 've had o u r new ap a rtm en t s in ce s ix m on th s.</p><p>2 H i , Jackie! H o w are you ? I d o n ’t see you fo r ages!</p><p>3 H o w lo n g are you k n o w in g y o u r husband?</p><p>4 E m ily has been a vo lu n te e r fo r ten yea rs ago.</p><p>5 Pau l doesn’t eat an y th in g since yesterday because he's sick.</p><p>6 It h asn 't ra in e d s in ce tw o m on th s.</p><p>7 H o w lo n g has y o u r pa ren ts been m a rr ie</p><p>d ?</p><p>8 T h e y ’ re h a v in g th e ir d og s in ce th ey go t m a rried .</p><p>9 I haven ’t go tten any e m a ils f ro m m y b ro th e r fo r</p><p>la s t w in te r.</p><p>10 M y g ra n d m o th e r liv e s in the sam e house a l l he r life .</p><p>b M a k e sen ten ce s w ith th e p re se n t p e r fe c t o r p re se n t</p><p>p e r fe c t c o n t in u o u s ( a n d /o r / since i f ne ce ssa ry ). U s e the</p><p>p re se n t p e r fe c t c o n t in u o u s i f p o s s ib le .</p><p>I / w o rk fo r a c h a r ity / e igh t years</p><p>I ’ve been working fo r a charity fo r eight years.</p><p>1 w e / k n o w each o th e r / w e w ere c h ild re n</p><p>2 the c h ild re n / p lay co m p u te r gam es / tw o hou rs</p><p>3 y o u r s is te r / have th a t h a irs ty le / a lo ng t im e?</p><p>4 1/ love he r / the f ir s t day w e m et</p><p>5 m y In te rn e t c o n n e c t io n / n o t w o rk / yesterday</p><p>6 h o w lo ng / you / w a it?</p><p>7 I / be a teacher / th ree years</p><p>8 it / sn ow / f iv e o ’c lo c k th is m o rn in g</p><p>9 S am / n o t s tudy enough / re cen tly</p><p>10 y o u / liv e in C h ic a g o / a lo n g t im e?</p><p>< p . ! 9</p><p>Online Practice 135</p><p>I haven’t (I have not)</p><p>You haven’t</p><p>He / She / It hasn't</p><p>We haven’t</p><p>They haven’t</p><p>been working here</p><p>for two years.</p><p>comparing tw o actionscomparatives and superlatives:</p><p>adjectives and adverbs</p><p>comparing tw o people, places, things, etc.</p><p>1 M y sister is a litt le taller than me. 2 ID))</p><p>San Francisco is more expensive than Chicago.</p><p>T h is test is less difficult than the last one.</p><p>O liv e o i l is better fo r you than butter.</p><p>2 T he new sofa isn 't as comfortable as the</p><p>o ld one.</p><p>I don 't have as many books as I used to.</p><p>1 W e use com parative adjectives to com pare tw o</p><p>people, places, th ings, etc.</p><p>• R eg u la r com parative adjectives: sp e llin g ru les</p><p>old > older big > bigger easy > easier</p><p>modem > more modern difficult > m ore difficul</p><p>• Irregu la r com parative adjectives:</p><p>good > better bad > worse fa r > farther /</p><p>further</p><p>• O ne-sy llab le adjectives end ing in -ed:</p><p>bored > m ore bored stressed > m ore stressed</p><p>tired > more tired</p><p>1 M y fa the r d rives faster than me. 2 12)))</p><p>You w a lk more quickly than l do.</p><p>A tla n ta p layed worse today than la st week.</p><p>2 M a x doesn 't speak E n g lish as well as h is w ife does.</p><p>I don 't earn as much as m y boss.</p><p>1 W e use com parative adverbs to com pare tw o actions.</p><p>• R eg u la r com parative adverbs: sp e llin g ru les</p><p>fast > faster slowly > m ore slowly carefully > m ore carefully</p><p>• Irregu la r comparatives:</p><p>well > better badly > worse</p><p>2 W e can a lso use (not) as + adverb + as to m ake com parisons,</p><p>superlatives</p><p>2 W e can a lso use (not) as + adjective + as to make</p><p>com parisons.</p><p>f j Object pronouns (me, him, etc.) after than</p><p>and as</p><p>After than or as we can use an object pronoun</p><p>(me, him, her, etc.) or a subject pronoun (/, he,</p><p>she, etc.) + auxiliary verb.</p><p>She’s taller than me. OR She’s taller than I am.</p><p>NOT -ShHs-tatler-thafrl.</p><p>They're not as busy as us. OR They’re not as</p><p>busy as we are. NOT -Tkey-'fe-not -aslousy-as-we.</p><p>the same as</p><p>We use the same as to say that two people,</p><p>places, things, etc. are identical.</p><p>Her dress is the same as mine.</p><p>• W e use superlative adjectives and adverbs to com pare people, th ings, o r</p><p>actions w ith a ll o f th e ir group.</p><p>• F o rm superlatives lik e com paratives, bu t use -est instead o f -er and most /</p><p>least instead o f more / less.</p><p>• W e u sua lly use the before superlatives, bu t you can a lso use possessive</p><p>adjectives, e.g., my best friend, their most famous song.</p><p>• W e o ften use a superlative w ith present perfect + ever, e.g., It’s the best</p><p>book I’ve ever read.</p><p>P in after superlatives</p><p>Use in (NOT of) before places after a superlative.</p><p>It’s the longest bridge in the world. NOT o f the world</p><p>It’s the best beach in Florida. NOT of Florida</p><p>a C o m p le te w it h th e c o m p a ra t iv e o r s u p e r la t iv e o f the</p><p>bold w o rd (and than i f ne ce ssa ry ).</p><p>W h a t ’s the fastest w av to get a ro u n d M ia m i? fast</p><p>1 I th in k s k i in g i s _________ ho rseback r id in g , easy</p><p>2 A m o to rcy c le i s _________ a scoo te r, powerful</p><p>3 I t h in k th a t tra v e lin g b y t ra in i s _________ fo rm o f</p><p>tra n sp o rta t io n , relaxing</p><p>4 Y ou w a lk _________ I do. slowly</p><p>5 _________ tim e to trave l is o n h o lid a y w eekends, bad</p><p>6 _________ I've ever d r iv e n is f r o m W a sh in g to n , D .C . to</p><p>C h ic a g o , far</p><p>7 T h e L o n d o n U n d e rg ro u n d i s _________ the subw ay in</p><p>N e w Y o rk C ity , old</p><p>8 T h is i s _________ bu s I've ever been on. hot</p><p>9 O f a l l m y fa m ily , m y m o m i s _________ d r iv e r , good</p><p>b C o m p le te w it h o n e w o rd .</p><p>G o in g by m o to rb o a t is more e x c it in g th an tra ve lin g</p><p>b y ferry.</p><p>1 A bus is n ’t as c o m fo r ta b le ______a tra in .</p><p>2 It ’s ______m o st expens ive ca r w e ’ve ever bought.</p><p>3 T h e t r a f f ic w as w o r s e ______w e expected .</p><p>4 T h is is the lo nges t t r ip I ’v e ______been on.</p><p>5 H e gets hom e late, bu t h is w ife a rr iv e s la te r t h a n _____</p><p>6 T h e ______in te re s t in g p lace I ’ve ever v is ite d is Ven ice .</p><p>7 I leave h om e at the sam e t im e ______m y b ro the r.</p><p>8 H e d r iv e s ______c a re fu lly th an h is g ir l f r ie n d - he's</p><p>never had an acc iden t.</p><p>9 W e d o n 't go a b ro a d ______o fte n as w e used to.</p><p>10 W h a t 's the longest f re e w a y_____ the U S ?</p><p>< p .2 6136</p><p>3 A</p><p>K e v in is the tallest player on the team. 2 13)))</p><p>Tokyo is the most expensive c ity in the w orld .</p><p>T he sm a ll bag is the least expensive.</p><p>Lucy is the best student in the class.</p><p>W h o dresses the most stylishly in y ou r fam ily?</p><p>T ha t's the worst w e’ve ever played.</p><p>GRAMMAR BANK3B</p><p>articles: a/an , the, no article</p><p>a / an</p><p>1 I saw an old man w ith a dog. 2 17)))</p><p>2 It's a nice house. She's a lawyer.</p><p>3 W h a t an awful day!</p><p>4 I have classes three tim es a week.</p><p>• W e use the:</p><p>1 when we ta lk about som eth ing w e ’ve a lready m entioned.</p><p>2 when it 's c lea r w hat you 're re fe rrin g to.</p><p>3 when there's o n ly one o f som eth ing.</p><p>4 w ith places in a town, e.g., movies and theater.</p><p>5 w ith superlatives.</p><p>no a r t ic le</p><p>• W e use a / an w ith s in gu la r countab le nouns:</p><p>1 the f ir s t tim e you m en tion a th ing / person.</p><p>2 w hen you say w hat som eth ing is o r what</p><p>som ebody does.</p><p>3 in exc lam ations w ith What...!</p><p>4 in express ions o f frequency.</p><p>the</p><p>1 l saw an o ld m an w ith a dog. 2 18)))</p><p>The dog w as bark ing.</p><p>2 M y fa the r opened the door.</p><p>The children are at schoo l.</p><p>3 The moon goes around the Earth.</p><p>4 I'm go ing to the movies ton ight.</p><p>5 It's the best restauran t in town.</p><p>1 Women usua lly ta lk m ore than men</p><p>Love is m ore im p o rta n t than money</p><p>2 She's not at home today.</p><p>I get back from work at 5:30.</p><p>3 I never have breakfast.</p><p>4 See you next Friday.</p><p>• W e don 't use an article:</p><p>1 when we are speak ing in genera l (w ith p lu ra l and uncountab le nouns).</p><p>Com pare:</p><p>I love flow ers. (= flow e rs in general)</p><p>I love theflow ers in my garden. (= the sp e c if ic flow e rs in m y garden)</p><p>2 w ith some nouns, (e.g., home, work, school) a fte r at / to I from.</p><p>3 before m eals, days, and m onths.</p><p>4 before next / last + day, week, etc.</p><p>2 19)))</p><p>a (Circle) the correct answers. b</p><p>I love (wedding)/ the weddings!</p><p>1 Jess is nurse / a nurse in a ho sp ita l. A hospital /</p><p>The hospital is fa r f ro m he r house. 1</p><p>2 W h a t a horrible day / horrible dayl W e 'll</p><p>have to have o u r p ic n ic in the car / a car. ^</p><p>3 M y w ife l ik e s love stories / the love stories,</p><p>bu t I p re fe r the war movies / war movies. ^</p><p>4 W e go to theater / the theater about</p><p>once a month / once the month. 4</p><p>5 I ’m h a v in g dinner / the dinner w ith</p><p>som e</p><p>fr ie n d s the next Friday / next Friday. 5</p><p>6 M y b o y fr ie n d is chef / a chef. I th in k h e ’s</p><p>the best cook I best cook in the w o rld . 6</p><p>7 I ’m no t su re i f I c lo sed the windows /</p><p>windows b e fo re I le ft the home / home</p><p>th is m o rn in g .</p><p>8 In genera l, I lik e dogs / the dogs, b u t I d o n ’t</p><p>l ik e dogs I the dogs tha t liv e n ex t d o o r to m e. 8</p><p>9 I got to the school / school la te eve ry day</p><p>the last week / last week.</p><p>9</p><p>10 I t h in k happiness / the happiness is m o re</p><p>im p o rta n t th an success / the success.</p><p>C o m p le te w ith a / an, the, o r - (= n o a rt ic le ) .</p><p>A W e ’re lo st. L e t ’s s top and b u y a m ap.</p><p>B N o need. I ' l l pu t the address in the G P S .</p><p>A H o w o fte n do you go t o ______gym ?</p><p>B A b o u t th ree t im e s ______w eek. B u t I never</p><p>go o n _________ Fridays .</p><p>A W h a t t im e d o e s______t r a in leave?</p><p>B In ten m in u te s . C a n you g ive m e ______rid e t o ______ sta tion?</p><p>A W h a t ______b e a u t ifu l dress!</p><p>B T h a n k s . I b ou gh t it o n ______sa le ______ la s t m on th .</p><p>A W h a t ’s ______m o st in te re s t in g p lace to v is it in y o u r tow n?</p><p>B P ro b a b ly _____ m useum . I t ’s _______o ldest b u ild in g in tow n .</p><p>A W h a t sh o u ld w e d o ______next w eekend?</p><p>B L e t ’s in v ite som e fr ie n d s f o r ______lu n ch . W e co u ld eat ou ts ide</p><p>i n ______yard.</p><p>A D o y o u l ik e ______dogs?</p><p>B N o t rea lly . I p re fe r______cats. I t h in k th e y ’r e ______ best pets.</p><p>A Is y o u r m o m ______ housew ife?</p><p>B N o , she ’s ______teacher. S h e ’s a lw ays t ire d w hen she gets hom e</p><p>f r o m ______w o rk .</p><p>A H ave you ever h a d ______p ro b le m in y o u r re la t io n sh ip ?</p><p>B Yes, bu t w e go t o v e r______p ro b lem , and w e go t m a r r ie d ______</p><p>la s t year.</p><p>A W h e n i s _____ m eeting?</p><p>B T h e y 'v e ch a n g e d ______date. I t 's ______ nex t Tuesday now.</p><p>< p . 2 9</p><p>Online Practice 137</p><p>can, could, be able to (ability and possibility)</p><p>c a n / c o u ld</p><p>I can speak three languages fluently. 2 34)))</p><p>Jenny can’t com e ton ight. She's sick.</p><p>M y cous in could play the v io lin w hen she was three.</p><p>They couldn’t w a it because they were in a hu rry .</p><p>Could you open the d oo r fo r me, please?</p><p>• can is a m odal verb. It o n ly has a present fo rm (w h ich can be used w ith</p><p>fu tu re m ean ing) and a past o r cond it io n a l fo rm (could).</p><p>• F o r a ll o the r tenses and fo rm s, we use be able to + base fo rm .</p><p>b e a b le to + b a se fo rm</p><p>1 Luke has been able to sw im since he was three. 2 35)))</p><p>I'd lik e to be able to ski.</p><p>I love being able to stay in bed late on Sunday m orn ing .</p><p>Y o u ’ l l be able to practice you r E n g lish in the U S .</p><p>2 Fo rtunate ly , I am a b le to accept you r in v ita tion .</p><p>M y co lleagues weren’t able to com e to yesterday's meeting.</p><p>1 W e use be able to + base fo rm fo r a b ility and</p><p>po ss ib ility , espec ia lly where there is no fo rm o f</p><p>can, e.g., fu ture, present perfect, in f in it iv e and</p><p>gerund, etc.</p><p>2 W e som etim es use be able to in the present and</p><p>past (instead o f can / could), u sua lly i f we w an t to</p><p>be m ore fo rm a l.</p><p>a C o m p le te w it h th e c o r r e c t f o r m o f be able to ( 0 , E L</p><p>or[?]).</p><p>I ’ve never been able to scuba d ive .</p><p>1 H e r c e ll phone has been tu rn e d o f f a l l m o rn in g , so I</p><p>ta lk to h e r vet.</p><p>2 I d o n 't l ik e n o is y re stau ran ts. I l i k e _________________</p><p>have a co n ve rsa tio n w ith o u t shou ting .</p><p>3 I _________________leave hom e w hen I get a job.</p><p>4 W e 're h a v in g a p a r ty n e x t S a tu rd a y ._________________</p><p>y o u _________________com e?</p><p>5 Y ou n e e d ________________ sw im be fo re you can go in a</p><p>canoe.</p><p>6 I'm g o in g to F ran ce n e x t w eek, bu t I d o n 't speak</p><p>F ren ch . I h a te _________________co m m u n ic a te w ith</p><p>peop le.</p><p>7 Fo rtu n a te ly , f ir e f ig h te r s _________________rescue a l l o f</p><p>the peop le trapped in s id e the b u rn in g house.</p><p>8 I ’m ve ry so rry , b u t w e _________________go to y o u r</p><p>w e d d in g n e x t m on th . W e 'l l be o n vaca tion .</p><p>9 I'm fe e lin g a lit t le w o rs e ._________________you</p><p>_________________co n ta c t the d o c to r yet?</p><p>10 T h e m a n a g e r________________ see y o u r ig h t n ow</p><p>because he's in a m eeting .</p><p>b ( C ir c le ) th e c o r re c t fo rm . C h e c k / i f b o th a re p o s s ib le .</p><p>I ’ve a lw ays w an ted to can /(be ab le lcjidance salsa.</p><p>1 M y lit t le b o y couldn't / wasn’t able to speak u n t il he w as</p><p>a lm o s t tw o yea rs o ld .</p><p>2 S h e ’s m u ch be tte r a fte r he r o pe ra t ion . S h e ’ l l can /</p><p>be able to w a lk ag a in in a few m onth s.</p><p>3 H e hasn 't could / been able to f ix m y b ik e yet. H e ’ l l d o it</p><p>to m o rrow .</p><p>4 It ’s the w eekend a t last! I love can / being able to go o u t</p><p>w it h m y fr iend s.</p><p>5 W h e n w e liv e d on the coast, w e used to can / be able to</p><p>go to the beach eve ry day.</p><p>6 I can ’t / ’m not able to send any e m a ils r ig h t now .</p><p>M y co m p u te r is n ’t w o rk in g .</p><p>7 I could I was able to read be fo re I s ta rted schoo l.</p><p>8 W e w o n ’t can / be able to go o n va ca t io n th is year</p><p>because w e need to spend a lo t o f m oney o n the house.</p><p>9 L in d a hasn't been able to / couldiih f in d a job.</p><p>10 A le x can / is able to sp eak K o re a n f lu e n t ly a fte r l iv in g</p><p>in S e o u l fo r ten years.</p><p>< p .34</p><p>138</p><p>4 A</p><p>Could you open the door</p><p>for me, please?</p><p>GRAMMAR BANK4 B</p><p>have to, must, should</p><p>have t o / m u s t (+ base form)</p><p>1 You have to w ear a seat be lt in the car. 2 4 2 )))</p><p>D o you have to w o rk on Saturdays?</p><p>I had to w ear a u n ifo rm at m y e lem entary schoo l.</p><p>I’ l l have t o get up early tom orrow . M y in te rv iew is a t 9:00.</p><p>2 Y ou must be on tim e tom o rrow because there's a test.</p><p>Y ou must rem em ber to ca ll E m ily - it's her b irthday.</p><p>3 I love the Louvre ! You have t o go w hen you 're in Paris.</p><p>Y ou must see th is m ov ie — it's am azing!</p><p>• have to and must are u sua lly used to ta lk about o b lig a t io n o r</p><p>som eth ing that is necessary to do.</p><p>1 have to is a n o rm a l verb and it ex ists in a ll tenses and fo rm s,</p><p>e.g., a lso as a gerund o r in f in it iv e .</p><p>2 must is a m oda l verb. It o n ly ex ists in the present, but it can be</p><p>used w ith a fu tu re m eaning.</p><p>3 You can a lso use have to o r must fo r strong recom m endations.</p><p>P have to or must?</p><p>Have to and must have a very similar meaning, and you</p><p>can usually use either form.</p><p>Have to is more common for general, external obligations,</p><p>for example rules and laws.</p><p>Must is more common for specific (i.e., on one occasion)</p><p>or personal obligations. Compare:</p><p>I have to wear a shirt and tie a t work. (= It’s the rule in this</p><p>company.)</p><p>I must buy a new shirt - this one is too old now. (= It’s my</p><p>own decision.)</p><p>have got to</p><p>Have got to is often used instead of have to in spoken</p><p>English, e.g., I’ve got to go now. It's very late.</p><p>d o n 't h a ve to</p><p>Y ou don’t have to pay - th is m useum is free. 2 4 3 )))</p><p>Y ou don’t have to go to the p a rty i f you don ’t w ant to.</p><p>m u s t n o t</p><p>Y ou must not park here. 2 44)))</p><p>• W e use don’t have to w hen there is no o b liga tion to do</p><p>som eth ing , and must not when som eth ing is p roh ib ited.</p><p>• don’t have to and must not are com plete ly d iffe rent. Com pare:</p><p>You don't have to drive - we can take a train. (= You can d rive i f</p><p>you w ant to, but it ’s no t necessary / obligatory.)</p><p>You must not drive along this street. (= It's p roh ib ited , against</p><p>the law, N O T You don’t-kaveto-drive along this street.)</p><p>• You can o ften use can’t o r not allowed</p><p>to instead o f must not.</p><p>You must not / can ’t / ’re not allowed to park here.</p><p>s h o u ld / s h o u ld n 't (+ b a s e fo rm )</p><p>You should take w arm c lo thes w ith you to Q u ito . 2 45)))</p><p>It m igh t be co ld at n ight.</p><p>Y ou shouldn’t d r in k so m uch coffee. It isn ’t good fo r you.</p><p>I th in k the governm ent should do som eth ing about</p><p>unem ploym ent.</p><p>• should is no t as strong as must / have to. W e use it to give advice</p><p>o r an o p in io n - to say i f we th in k som eth ing is the r ig h t o r</p><p>w rong th in g to do.</p><p>• should is a m oda l verb. T he o n ly fo rm s are should / shouldn’t.</p><p>a C o m p le te w it h th e c o r re c t fo rm o f have to ( 0 , Q , o r [7]).</p><p>I’ll have to c a ll b ack la te r because the lin e 's busy. 0</p><p>1 P a sseng e rs_________ tu rn o f f th e ir la p to p s d u r in g ta k e -o f f Q</p><p>2 _________ y o u __________do a lo t o f h o m e w o rk w hen you w ere in</p><p>sch oo l? CO</p><p>3 M y s is te r is a nu rse , so som e w eeks sh e _________ w o rk n ig h ts . 0</p><p>4 _________ you e v e r__________have an o p e ra t io n ? [7]</p><p>5 Sa tu rd ays a re the best day o f the w eek. I lo v e _________ get up</p><p>early. Q</p><p>6 I _________ leave a message on he r vo icem a il because she w asn ’t in . 0</p><p>7 In the fu tu re , p e o p le _________ go to schoo l; th e y 'll a l l s tudy at</p><p>hom e. G</p><p>8 W it h o ld c e ll phones, you used t o _________ cha rge the ba tte ry</p><p>m o re o ften . 0</p><p>9 _________ you r b o y fr iend_________ answ er h is w o rk em ails on</p><p>weekends? |T]</p><p>10 T h e e x h ib it io n w as free, so I _________ pay. QJ</p><p>(̂ C i r c le ) th e c o r r e c t fo rm . C h e c k / i f b o th</p><p>a re p o s s ib le .</p><p>Y o u don’t have to /(jnust'nop use y o u r phone</p><p>in qu ie t zones.</p><p>1 D o you th in k w e should j have to te x t D a d to</p><p>te ll h im w e ’ l l be late?</p><p>2 Y o u don 't have to / must not send text</p><p>m essages w h e n you are d r iv in g .</p><p>3 A p i lo t has to / must w ea r a u n ifo rm w hen</p><p>he ’s at w o rk .</p><p>4 Y o u shouldn’t / must not ta lk on you r ce ll</p><p>phone w h e n you 're f i l l in g up the ca r w ith gas.</p><p>5 I have to / should speak to m y phone</p><p>com pany. M y la st b i l l w as w rong .</p><p>6 W e don 't have to / shouldn't hu rry . W e have</p><p>p len ty o f tim e.</p><p>< p .39</p><p>Online Practice 139</p><p>b</p><p>p a s t p e r fe c t : h a d + p a s t p a r t ic ip le</p><p>5 A</p><p>past tenses</p><p>s im p le p a s t: w o rk e d , s to p p e d , w e n t, had , e tc .</p><p>She was bo rn in Seou l. 3 10)))</p><p>They got m arried last year.</p><p>O n the way to R om e we stopped in F lo rence fo r the n ight.</p><p>T he p lane didn’t arrive on tim e.</p><p>W h a t tim e did you get up th is m o rn ing?</p><p>• W e use the s im p le past fo r fin ish ed actions in the past (when</p><p>we say, ask, o r know when they happened).</p><p>• Rem em ber Irregular verbs p. 165.</p><p>p a s t c o n t in u o u s : w a s / w e re + v e rb + - in g</p><p>1 W h a t were you doing at s ix o ’c lo ck last n igh t? 3 ID))</p><p>2 1 was driving along the freeway when it started snow ing.</p><p>3 W h ile 1 was doing the housew ork the ch ild re n were</p><p>playing in the yard.</p><p>4 It was a co ld n igh t and it was raining. I was watching T V</p><p>in the l iv in g room ...</p><p>1 W e use the past con tinuous to ta lk about an action in progress</p><p>at a sp e c if ic tim e in the past.</p><p>2 W e o ften use the past con tinuous to describe a past ac tion in</p><p>progress that was in te rrup ted by another action (expressed in</p><p>the s im p le past).</p><p>3 W e o ften use the past con tinuous w ith while fo r tw o actions</p><p>happen ing at the same tim e.</p><p>4 W e o ften use the past con tinuous to describe the b eg inn ing o f</p><p>a sto ry o r anecdote.</p><p>a > th e c o r r e c t fo rm .</p><p>T h e teache r gave R ob b ie a ze ro because he cheated /</p><p><Juld~cheate$> on the exam .</p><p>1 T h e y d id n ’t w in the gam e a lth o u g h they were training /</p><p>had trained e ve ry even ing .</p><p>2 M ik e had an a cc id en t w h ile he drove / was driving</p><p>to w o rk .</p><p>3 I cleaned / had cleaned the house w hen I go t hom e. It</p><p>lo o ke d great.</p><p>4 W h e n w e a rr iv e d , the gam e started / had started. W e go</p><p>there ju st in t im e and saw the w ho le game!</p><p>5 T h e c a p ta in didn’t score / hadn’t scored a n y goa ls w hen</p><p>the re fe ree e jected h im .</p><p>6 M y son got in ju re d w h ile he played / wasplaying</p><p>ba ske tb a ll la st Sa turday.</p><p>7 L u c k ily , w e stopped / had stopped s k i in g w hen the</p><p>sn o w s to rm sta rted . W e w ere a lre a d y ba ck at the hote l.</p><p>8 T h e L ake rs weren’t losing / hadn ’t lost any o f th e ir</p><p>gam es d u r in g th e ir t r ip to the E a s t C oas t.</p><p>9 T h e referee suspended the gam e because it was mining /</p><p>mined to o ha rd to play.</p><p>W h en they tu rned on the TV, the game had already 3 12)))</p><p>finished.</p><p>A s soon as I shut the door, I rea lized that I ’d left m y keys on</p><p>the table.</p><p>W e cou ldn ’t get a table in the restaurant because we hadn’t</p><p>booked one.</p><p>• W e use the past perfect when we are ta lk in g about the past</p><p>and we w an t to ta lk about an earlie r past action . Com pare:</p><p>When John arrived, they went out. (= f ir s t John a rr ived and</p><p>then they w en t out)</p><p>When John arrived, they had gone out. (= they w en t out before</p><p>John arrived)</p><p>u s in g n a r ra t iv e t e n s e s t o g e th e r</p><p>It was a co ld n igh t and it was raining. 1 was 3 13)))</p><p>watching T V in the l iv in g room . Sudden ly 1 heard a knock</p><p>at the door. 1 got up and opened the door. B u t there was</p><p>nobody there. T he person w ho had knocked on the doo r</p><p>had disappeared...</p><p>• Use the past con tinuous (was mining, was watching) to set</p><p>the scene.</p><p>• U se the s im p le past (heard, got up, etc.) to say w hat happened.</p><p>• U se the past perfect (had knocked, had disappeared) to say</p><p>w hat happened before the prev ious past action.</p><p>b C o m p le te w it h th e s im p le past, p a s t c o n t in u o u s , o r</p><p>p a s t p e rfe c t.</p><p>T h e m a ra th on ru n n e r was sweating w hen she crossed</p><p>the f in is h lin e , (sweat, cross)</p><p>1 T h e a c c id e n t_________ w h e n th e y __________hom e.</p><p>(happen , d r ive )</p><p>2 T h e c r o w d _________ w hen the re fe ree__________ the</p><p>f in a l w h is t le , (cheer, b low )</p><p>3 I _________ her at f ir s t because s h e __________so m uch.</p><p>(no t re cog n ize , change)</p><p>4 T h e p o l ic e _________ her on the freew ay because she</p><p>_________ a seat be lt, (stop, n o t wear)</p><p>5 S om e o f the p la y e rs_________ w h ile the c o a c h ________</p><p>to them , (no t lis te n , ta lk)</p><p>6 W e _________ use the s k i s lo p e because i t __________</p><p>enough, (not can , n o t snow )</p><p>7 T h e y _________ p lay te n n is because th e y __________a</p><p>co u rt, (not ab le to, n o t book)</p><p>8 T h e p la y e r_________ a y e llo w ca rd because h e ________</p><p>h is s h ir t , (get, take o ff)</p><p>< p . 4 6</p><p>GRAMMAR BANK5B</p><p>present and past habits and states: usually and used to</p><p>1 I usually get up at 8:00 d u r in g the week. 3 17)))</p><p>I don’t normally go out d u r in g the week.</p><p>H ouses in the subu rbs usually have yards.</p><p>Do you normally walk to w ork?</p><p>2 W e used to go to the beach fo r ou r vacations when I was a ch ild .</p><p>H e didn’t use to do any exercise, bu t now he run s m arathons.</p><p>I never used to like hockey, but I w atch it every week now.</p><p>W e used to be close friends, but we don 't ta lk to each o the r anym ore.</p><p>T h a t b u ild in g used to be a restaurant, but it c losed dow n la st year.</p><p>Did they use to live dow ntow n?</p><p>Didn’t you use to have long ha ir?</p><p>1 F o r present hab its we can use usually o r normally + s im p le present.</p><p>N O T I used to get tip at 8:00.</p><p>2 F o r past hab its we use used to / didn’t use to + base form .</p><p>• used to does not ex is t in the present tense. N O T f t tse f o-get tip at 8:00</p><p>during the week.</p><p>• W e use used to fo r th ing s tha t were true over a pe riod o f tim e in the</p><p>past. Used to o ften refers to som eth ing that is not true now.</p><p>I used to play a lot o f sports. (= 1 played a lo t o f spo rts fo r a pe riod o f tim e</p><p>in the past, but now' I d on ’t.)</p><p>• used to I didn’t use to can be used w ith ac tion verbs (e.g., go, do) and</p><p>nonaction verbs (e.g., be, have).</p><p>• W e can a lso use the s im p le past to describe past hab its (often w ith an</p><p>adverb o f frequency).</p><p>W e (often) went to the beach fo r our vacations when I was a child.</p><p>I lived downtown until I got married.</p><p>used to or s im p le past?</p><p>We can use used to or simple past for</p><p>repeated actions or states, and the meaning</p><p>is the same.</p><p>I used to live in Miami as a child. / I lived In</p><p>Miami as a child.</p><p>But if the action happened only once, or we</p><p>mention exact dates or number of times, we</p><p>have to use simple past.</p><p>I went to Paris last year. NOT / used to go to</p><p>Paris last year.</p><p>Jack caught the train to Chicago four times</p><p>last week. NOT Jack used to catch the train to</p><p>Chicago four times last week.</p><p>anymore and any longer</p><p>We often use not...anymore / any longer</p><p>(= not now) with the simple present to</p><p>contrast with used to.</p><p>I used to go to the gym, but I don't (go)</p><p>anymore / any longer.</p><p>be used to and get used to</p><p>Don't confuse used to / didn't use to (do</p><p>something) with be used to or get used to</p><p>(doing something).</p><p>I am used to getting up early every day.</p><p>(= I am accustomed to it. I always do it, so it is</p><p>not a problem for me.)</p><p>Lola can't get used to living in the US.</p><p>(= She can’t get accustomed to it. It is a</p><p>problem for her.)</p><p>a C o m p le te w it h used to (0 . El o r |T|) a n d a v e rb f r o m th e lis t .</p><p>argue be get along go out have</p><p>like hve speak spend wear work</p><p>S o n ya used to live in N e w Y o rk C ity , b u t la te r she m oved to</p><p>N e w Jersey. 0</p><p>1 W e _________ a lo t in co m m o n , b u t n o w w e ’re com p le te ly</p><p>d iffe ren t. 0</p><p>2 I _________ m u ch t im e o n lin e , bu t now I’m add icted to Facebook . 0</p><p>3 _________ yo u r f ia n c e __________glasses? H e lo o ks d iffe ren t now . [T]</p><p>4 I _________ w ith m y c lassm ates, b u t n o w I spend a l l m y t im e w ith</p><p>m y b o y fr ie n d . 0</p><p>5 W h e r e _________ y o u r h u sb a n d __________be fo re he go t the job in</p><p>the b an k? U]</p><p>6 M y s is te r lo s t a lo t o f w e igh t. S h e _________ so s lim . 0</p><p>7 _________ y o u __________a lo t w ith y o u r pa ren ts w hen you w ere a</p><p>teenager? [7]</p><p>8 I _________ Japanese fo od , bu t now' I eat a lo t o f su sh i. GO</p><p>9 L a u ra _________ w e ll w ith her room m ate , but now they don ’t ta lk to</p><p>each other. 0</p><p>10 M y e x _________to m e, bu t n o w he c a lls m e a lo t. Q</p><p>b A r e the h ig h l ig h te d v e rb fo rm s r ig h t / o r</p><p>w ro n g X ? C o r r e c t th e w ro n g ones.</p><p>S o n ya use to see M ic h a e l e ve ry day. X used</p><p>to see</p><p>1 H is parents used to sp lit up a fte r he w as bo rn .</p><p>2 D o you u su a lly te ll a c lo se f r ie n d abou t y o u r</p><p>p rob lem s?</p><p>3 M y s is te r d id n 't use to w an t c h ild re n , but</p><p>n o w she has fou r!</p><p>4 I d id n 't used to lik e m y m a th teache r w hen 1</p><p>w as in schoo l.</p><p>5 T h e y used to go on v aca tio n eve ry year.</p><p>6 T h a t coup le has th ree k id s , so they d o n ’t use</p><p>to go ou t at n igh t.</p><p>7 W h e re d id y o u r pa ren ts use to m eet w hen</p><p>they f ir s t w en t out?</p><p>8 M y hu sband use to w o rk fo r a bank , bu t now</p><p>he's unem p loyed .</p><p>9 W e love the theater. W e u su a lly go to a p lay</p><p>at least once a m on th .</p><p>< p . 4 9</p><p>Online Practice 141</p><p>Food and cooking V O C A B U L A R Y B A N K</p><p>1 FOOD</p><p>a M a t c h th e w o rd s and</p><p>p ic tu re s .</p><p>Fish and seafood</p><p>1 c rab /krteb /</p><p>m u sse ls /'mAslz/</p><p>sa lm o n /'stemon/</p><p>s h r im p JY im p/</p><p>sq u id /skwid/</p><p>tuna/'tuno/</p><p>Meat</p><p>b e e f /hi f/</p><p>ch ic ke n tjikon/</p><p>duck/dAk/</p><p>la m b hum/</p><p>p o rk /pork/</p><p>Fruits and vegetables</p><p>beet /bit/</p><p>cabbage /'ktebid.y</p><p>ch e rr ie s / 'tjb riz/</p><p>cu cu m b e r /'kyukAm bar/</p><p>eggp la n t /'egpkent/</p><p>(BritE auberg ine)</p><p>g rapes /greips/</p><p>green bean s /grin b in/7</p><p>lem on/dem on/</p><p>m ango /'majpgoo/</p><p>m e lo n 'melon/</p><p>peach /pilJ7</p><p>pea r /per/</p><p>ra spb e rr ie s /'rtezberiz/</p><p>red p ep pe r /red 'pepar/</p><p>z u c c h in i /zu 'k in i /</p><p>(B r itE c o u rgette)</p><p>b 1 2)}) L is te n an d check .</p><p>c A r e th e re a n y th in g s in</p><p>th e l is t th a t y o u .. .?</p><p>a love</p><p>b hate</p><p>c have never tr ie d</p><p>d A r e th e re a n y o th e r k in d s</p><p>o f f is h , m ea t, o r f r u it s and</p><p>veg e tab le s th a t a re v e ry</p><p>c o m m o n in y o u r c o u n try ?</p><p>2 C O O K IN G</p><p>a M a t c h th e w o rd s and p ic tu re s .</p><p>4 b o ile d Zboild/ g r il le d /grild/</p><p>roasted /roosttd/ fr ie d /fra id/</p><p>baked /b e ik l/ steam ed /stim d/</p><p>b 13))) L is te n a n d ch e ck .</p><p>c H o w d o y o u p re fe r th e se th in g s to</p><p>b e c o o ke d ?</p><p>eggs chicken</p><p>potatoes fish</p><p>P P h ra sa l ve rb s</p><p>Lea rn th e s e p h ra sa l v e rb s co n n e c te d</p><p>w ith fo o d and d ie t.</p><p>I eat out a lot because I don't really</p><p>have time to cook.</p><p>(= eat in restaurants)</p><p>I’m trying to cut down on coffee</p><p>right now. I'm only having one cup at</p><p>breakfast. (= have less)</p><p>The doctor told me I had very</p><p>high cholesterol and that I should</p><p>completely cut out all high-fat cheese</p><p>and dairy products from my diet</p><p>(= eliminate)</p><p>< p . 4</p><p>V O C A B U L A R Y B A N KPersonality</p><p>1 W H A T A R E T H E Y LIKE?</p><p>a C o m p le te th e d e f in it io n s w it h th e ad jec t ive s .</p><p>affe c tionate /o'fekjbnat/ aggressive /o'grcsiv/</p><p>am bitious/tem 'bijbs/ anxious /'aenklos/ bossy /'bosi/</p><p>charming /'tfa rm n y com petitive kom 'pctotiv/</p><p>independent /ind i'pendant/ jealous P d ^ ls s l</p><p>moody "m udi/ rebellious /n 'bdvos/ reUable/n 'la iobl/</p><p>self ish /'se lfif/ sensible /'sensabl/ sensitive /'sensativ/</p><p>sociable /'soufobl/ spoiled /spoild/ stubborn /'stAbarn/</p><p>1 Selfish p eop le th in k abou t them se lves and no t about</p><p>o th e r peop le.</p><p>2 A ______________ pe rso n a lw ays w a n ts to w in .</p><p>3 ______________ ch ild re n behave b ad ly because they are</p><p>g iven e v e ry th in g they w an t.</p><p>4 A n ______________ pe rso n gets a n g ry q u ic k ly and lik e s</p><p>f ig h t in g and a rgu ing .</p><p>5 ______________ peop le have an a ttra c t iv e p e rso n a lity</p><p>and m ake peop le l ik e them .</p><p>6 A ______________ person has co m m o n sense and is</p><p>p ra c tica l.</p><p>7 A ______________ pe rso n is f r ie n d ly an d en joys b e in g</p><p>w ith o th e r peop le.</p><p>8 ______________ peop le are o fte n w o r r ie d o r stressed.</p><p>9 A ______________ pe rson is h appy one m in u te and sad</p><p>the next, and is o ften bad-tem pered .</p><p>10 ______________ peop le lik e d o in g th in g s o n th e ir ow n ,</p><p>w ith o u t help.</p><p>11 A ______________ pe rso n lik e s g iv in g o rd e rs to o the r</p><p>peop le.</p><p>12 A n ______________ pe rson show s th a t he o r she loves o r</p><p>lik e s peop le ve ry m uch .</p><p>13 A ______________ pe rso n th in k s th a t som eone loves</p><p>an o the r p e rso n m o re th an h im o r her, o r w an ts w hat</p><p>o th e r peop le have.</p><p>14 A ______________ pe rson can be ea s ily h u r t o r o ffended .</p><p>15 A n ______________ pe rso n w an ts to be su cce ss fu l in</p><p>life .</p><p>16 A ______________ pe rso n is som eone w h o you can t ru s t</p><p>o r depend on.</p><p>17 A ______________ p e rso n doesn ’t l ik e o b e y in g ru le s .</p><p>18 A ______________ pe rson never changes h is (or her)</p><p>o p in io n o r a ttitu de abou t som e th ing .</p><p>b 1 23))) L is te n and check .</p><p>c C o v e r the d e f in it io n s and lo o k a t th e ad je c t ive s .</p><p>R e m e m b e r th e d e f in it io n s .</p><p>2 O P P O S ITE</p><p>S</p><p>a M a t c h th e a d je c t iv e s and th e ir o p p o s ite s .</p><p>cheap / ifip / hardworking /ha rd 'w ork ıŋ/</p><p>o u tgoing /'aotaooin/ self-confid en t Self 'kantddont/</p><p>stupid 'stupod/ ta lkative /'tokativ /</p><p>—</p><p>Opposite</p><p>gene rous ____________</p><p>in se cu re ____________</p><p>la z y ____________</p><p>q u ie t ____________</p><p>shy ____________</p><p>sm a rt ____________</p><p>b 1 24))) L is t e n a n d ch e ck . T h e n c o ve r th e o p p o s ite s and</p><p>te s t y o u rs e lf .</p><p>c W it h a p a r tn e r , lo o k a t th e a d je c t iv e s a g a in in 1 and</p><p>2 . D o y o u t h in k th e y a re p o s it iv e , n eg a tiv e , o r n e u tra l</p><p>c h a ra c te r is t ic s ?</p><p>3 N E G A T IV E P R E FIXES</p><p>a W h ic h p r e f ix d o y o u u se w it h th ese ad je c t ive s? P u t</p><p>th e m in th e c o r r e c t c o lu m n .</p><p>am bitious clean friend ly honest imaginative</p><p>kind mature organized pa tien t reliable</p><p>responsible selfish sensitive sociable</p><p>un-/d is - im - / ir - / in -</p><p>unambitious</p><p>b 1 25))) L is t e n and ch e ck . W h ic h o f th e n ew ad je c t iv e s</p><p>h a s a p o s it iv e m e a n in g ?</p><p>c C o v e r th e c o lu m n s . T e s t y o u rse lf .</p><p>P False friends</p><p>Some words in English are very similar to words in o ther</p><p>languages, but have d iffe ren t meanings.</p><p>S e n s ib le looks very similar to sensible in Spanish and</p><p>French, bu t in fa c t in English it means someone who has</p><p>common sense and is practical. The Spanish / French</p><p>word sensible translates as s e n s it iv e in English (to</p><p>describe a person who is easily hurt).</p><p>S y m p a th e t ic does not mean the same as sempatik</p><p>in Turkish (which mean n ic e , f r ie n d ly ). In English,</p><p>s y m p a th e t ic means a person who understands</p><p>other people’s feelings, e.g., My best friend was very</p><p>sympathetic when I failed my exam last week.</p><p>< p . l l Online Practice 153</p><p>Money V O C A B U L A R Y B A N K</p><p>1 V E R B S</p><p>a C o m p le te th e se n ten ce s w it h a v e rb f r o m th e lis t .</p><p>2 P R E P O S IT IO N S 3 N O U N S</p><p>a C o m p le te th e Preposition c o lu m n w it h a w o rd f ro m</p><p>th e lis t .</p><p>by fo r (x2) from in (x2) into on to</p><p>Preposition</p><p>1 Would you like to pay cash or credit</p><p>card?</p><p>in, by</p><p>2 1 paid the dinner last night. It was my</p><p>birthday.</p><p>3 1 spent $50 books yesterday.</p><p>4 My uncle invested all his money real</p><p>estate.</p><p>5 1 don't like lending money friends.</p><p>6 1 borrowed a lo t o f money the bank.</p><p>7 They charged me $120 a haircut!</p><p>8 1 never ge t debt. 1 hate owing people</p><p>money.</p><p>b 1 36))) L is te n and check .</p><p>c C o v e r the Preposition c o lu m n . L o o k at th e sen ten ces</p><p>and re m e m b e r th e p re p o s it io n s .</p><p>a M a tc h th e n o u n s and d e f in it io n s .</p><p>ATM (BritE cash machine) 'ei ti 'em/ b ill/b il/</p><p>eeift /ko in/ loan /loon/ m ortgage /'morgid.V</p><p>sa lary /'sadori/ ta x /tacks/</p><p>1 coin a p iece o f m o n e y m ade o f m e ta l</p><p>2 _________ a p iece o f pape r tha t show s how m uch</p><p>m oney you have to pay fo r so m e th in g</p><p>3 _________ the m oney you get fo r the w o rk you d o</p><p>4 _________ m oney th a t you pay to the gove rnm en t</p><p>5 _________ m oney tha t som ebody (or a bank) lend s you</p><p>6 _________ m oney tha t a b a n k lends you to b u y a house</p><p>7 _________ a m a ch in e w here you can get m oney</p><p>b 1 37))) L is te n and ch e ck . C o v e r th e w o rd s and lo o k at</p><p>th e d e f in it io n s . T r y to re m e m b e r th e w o rd s .</p><p>P Phrasal verbs</p><p>I took out $200 from an ATM. (= took from my bank</p><p>account)</p><p>When can you pay me back the money I lent you? (= return)</p><p>I have to live o f f my parents while I'm in college,</p><p>(= depend on financially)</p><p>It’s difficult for me and my wife to live on only one salary.</p><p>(= have enough money fo r basic th ing s you need to live)</p><p>< p . ! 4</p><p>be w orth /hi unit) borrow /'huroo/ can't affo rd /krcnt o'ford/ charge H ardy cost/kost/ earn d m /</p><p>inherit Jn'herot/ invest /in'vest/ lend lend/ owe/oo/ raise iy i/ save seiv waste /weist/</p><p>1 M y unc le d ied and le ft m e $ 2 ,0 0 0 .</p><p>2 I pu t som e m oney as ide eve ry w eek fo r m y nex t vaca tion .</p><p>3 M y b ro th e r p ro m ise d to g ive m e $50 .</p><p>4 I need to ask m y m o m to g ive m e $20 .</p><p>5 I o fte n spend m oney o n s tup id th ings.</p><p>6 I d o n ’t have enough m oney to buy tha t car.</p><p>7 I u su a lly have to pay the m ech a n ic $ 4 0 0 to f ix m y car.</p><p>8 The se shoes are ve ry expens ive . T h e y are $ 2 00 .</p><p>9 J im gave m e $ 1 0 0 .1 haven ’t p a id h im ba ck yet.</p><p>10 1 w an t to pu t m oney in a b a n k a ccoun t. T h e y 'l l g ive m e 5% in te rest.</p><p>11 I w o rk in a supe rm a rke t. T h e y pay m e $ 1 ,6 0 0 a m on th .</p><p>12 I c o u ld se ll m y house fo r abou t $ 2 0 0 ,0 0 0 .</p><p>13 W e need to get peop le to g ive m oney to b u ild a new h o sp ita l.</p><p>I 'm g o in g to inherit $ 2 ,0 0 0 .</p><p>I _________ m oney eve ry week.</p><p>H e p ro m is e d t o _________ m e $50 .</p><p>1 need t o _________ $ 2 0 fro m m y m om .</p><p>I o f te n _________ m oney.</p><p>I _________ to b u y th a t car.</p><p>T h e m e c h a n ic _________ m e $ 4 0 0 .</p><p>T h e y _________ $2 00 .</p><p>I _________ J im $100 .</p><p>I w an t t o _________ som e m oney.</p><p>I _________ $ 1 ,6 0 0 a m on th .</p><p>M y h o u s e _________ abou t $ 2 0 0 ,0 0 0 .</p><p>W e w a n t t o _________ m oney fo r the n ew ho sp ita l.</p><p>b 1 35))) L is te n and ch e ck . C o v e r th e sen ten ce s o n th e r ig h t . T r y to re m e m b e r them .</p><p>Transportation V O C A B U L A R Y B A N K</p><p>1 PU B LIC T R A N S P O R T A T IO N</p><p>A N D V E H IC LE S</p><p>a M a tc h th e w o rd s and p ic tu re s .</p><p>bus /bns/</p><p>freew ay / 'fr iw e i/</p><p>lig h t r a i l / la it red/</p><p>1 p la t fo rm /'p ltetform /</p><p>sco o ter/ 'sku to r/</p><p>b 2 2))) L is te n a n d ch e ck .</p><p>subw ay /'sAbwei/</p><p>(BritE the un de rg roun d )</p><p>t r a in It re in/</p><p>t ru c k ltr\kl</p><p>v a n /vaj n/</p><p>c C o v e r the w o rd s a n d lo o k a t th e p ic tu re s .</p><p>T r y to re m e m b e r th e w o rd s .</p><p>2 O N T H E ROAD</p><p>P Compound nouns</p><p>Compound nouns are two nouns together where the firs t noun describes the</p><p>second, e.g., a child seat = a seat for a child, a bus stop = a place for buses to</p><p>stop, etc. In compound nouns, the first noun is stressed more strongly than</p><p>the second. There are many compound nouns related to road travel.</p><p>a C o m p le te th e c o m p o u n d n o u n s .</p><p>belt belt/ camera /'kasmra/ crash kr<e|7 hour /'auar/ jam /d 3tem/</p><p>te fte /le in / light/la it/ lim it/'lim ot/ stand /sttend/ station /'steifn/</p><p>ticke t/'tikot/ walk w ok work/work/ zone Moon/</p><p>b 2 3))) L is te n an d ch e ck . T h e n c o ve r th e c o m p o u n d n o u n s and lo o k a t the</p><p>p ic tu re s . R e m e m b e r th e c o m p o u n d n o u n s .</p><p>3 H O W LONG D O ES</p><p>IT TA K E?</p><p>How long does it take?</p><p>It takes about an hour to get from</p><p>Princeton to New York City by train.</p><p>It took (me) more than an hour to get</p><p>to work yesterday.</p><p>How long does it take (you) to get to</p><p>school?</p><p>Use take (+ person) + time (+ to get to) to</p><p>talk about the duration of a trip, etc.</p><p>R e a d th e in fo rm a t io n b o x above . T h e n ask</p><p>and a n sw e r th e q u e s t io n s w it h a p a rtne r.</p><p>1 H o w do you get to w o rk / schoo l?</p><p>H o w lo n g does it take?</p><p>2 H o w lo ng does it take to get f ro m</p><p>y o u r house to the cen te r o f to w n ?</p><p>J D Phrasal verbs</p><p>Learn these phrasal verbs connected</p><p>with transportation and travel.</p><p>We set o ff at 7:00 in the morning to try</p><p>to avoid the traffic. (= leave on a trip)</p><p>I arrive at 8:15. Do you think you could pick</p><p>me up at the station? (= go somewhere in</p><p>a car and get him/her, etc.)</p><p>1 got on the wrong bus, and / ended up</p><p>on the opposite side o f town. (= find</p><p>yourself in a place / situation that you</p><p>did not expect)</p><p>We’re running out o f gas. Let's</p><p>stop</p><p>at the next gas station. (= finish your</p><p>supply o f something)</p><p>Watch out! / Look out! You’re going to</p><p>crash! (= be careful or pay attention to</p><p>something dangerous)</p><p>< p . 2 4</p><p>Online Practice 155</p><p>1 bicycle lane 2 car 3 cross</p><p>4 gas 5 parking 6 pedestrian</p><p>7 road 8 rush 9 seat 10 speed</p><p>11 speed 12 taxi 13 traffic 14 traffic</p><p>Dependent prepositions V O C A B U L A R Y B A N K</p><p>1 A F T E R V E R B S</p><p>a C o m p le te th e Preposition c o lu m n w it h a w o rd</p><p>f r o m th e l is t .</p><p>about at between for in o f on to with</p><p>He apologized to the police officer for driving fast,</p><p>b 2 25))) L is te n a n d check .</p><p>c C o v e r the Preposition c o lu m n . S a y the</p><p>sen ten ce s w ith th e c o r r e c t p re p o s it io n .</p><p>Preposition</p><p>1 He apologized the police officer driving fast, to . for</p><p>2 We’re arriving Miami on Sunday. _____</p><p>3 We’re arriving O’Hare Airport at 3:45. _____</p><p>4 Who does this book belong ? _____</p><p>5 I never argue my husband money. _____,_____</p><p>6 Could you ask the waiter the check? _____</p><p>7 Do you believe ghosts? _____</p><p>8 I can't choose these two bags. _____</p><p>9 We might go out. It depends the weather. _____</p><p>10 I dreamed my childhood last night. _____</p><p>11 Don’t laugh me! I'm doing my best! _____</p><p>12 I'm really looking forward the party. _____</p><p>13 If I pay the gas, can you pay for the parking? _____</p><p>14 This music reminds me our honeymoon in Italy. _____</p><p>15 I don’t spend a lot of money clothes. _____</p><p>2 A F T E R A D JE C T IV E S</p><p>a C o m p le te th e Preposition c o lu m n w it h a w o rd</p><p>f r o m th e lis t .</p><p>about at for from in of on to with</p><p>My brother is afraid of* bats.</p><p>‘also scared of and frightened of</p><p>b 2 26))) L is te n and check .</p><p>c C o v e r th e Preposition c o lu m n . S a y the</p><p>sen ten ce s w it h th e c o r re c t p re p o s it io n .</p><p>J D Gerunds after prepositions</p><p>Remember that after a preposition we use a verb</p><p>in the gerund (+ -ing).</p><p>We're really excited a b o u t g o in g to Brazil.</p><p>I’m tired o f w a lk in g .</p><p>< p .3 1</p><p>1 My brother is afraid* bats.</p><p>2 She’s really angry her boyfriend last night.</p><p>3 I’ve never been good sports.</p><p>4 Eat your vegetables. They’re good you.</p><p>5 I’m very close my older sister.</p><p>6 This exercise isn't very different the last one.</p><p>7 We’re really excited going to Brazil.</p><p>8 I’m fed up listening to you complaining.</p><p>9 Krakow is famous its main square.</p><p>10 My sister is very interested astrology.</p><p>11 I’m very fond my little nephew. He’s adorable.</p><p>12 She’s very passionate riding her bike. She does</p><p>about 30 miles every weekend.</p><p>13 I don’t like people who aren’t kind animals.</p><p>14 She used to be married a pop star.</p><p>15 I’m really happy my new motorcycle.</p><p>16 My dad was very proud learning to ski.</p><p>17 Why are you always rude waiters and</p><p>salespeople?</p><p>18 Rachel is worried losing her job.</p><p>19 I’m tired walking. Let’s stop and rest.</p><p>Preposition</p><p>.o f___</p><p>(or to)</p><p>Sports V O C A B U L A R Y B A N K</p><p>1 PEOPLE A N D PLA C ES</p><p>a M a t c h th e w o rd s and p ic tu re s .</p><p>cap ta in /'kmpton/</p><p>coach /kootf/</p><p>1 fans/f<Enz/</p><p>p layers /'p le iarz/</p><p>re fe ree /refo'ri/ /</p><p>u m p ire Im p a io r/</p><p>sp e c ta to rs / 'spektc ito rz/ /</p><p>the c ro w d /kraud/</p><p>team 'tim /</p><p>s ta d iu m /'ste id iam /</p><p>s p o rts a rena /spo rts o'rino/</p><p>b 3 2)}) L is te n an d ch e ck . C o v e r th e w o rd s an d lo o k at</p><p>th e p ic tu re s . T e s t y o u rse lf .</p><p>c M a t c h th e p la ce s a n d sp o rts .</p><p>course /kors/ court kort/ field /fild /</p><p>pool/pul slope /sloop/ t r a c k / t ra ik /</p><p>1 te n n is / b a ske tb a ll court</p><p>2 so cce r / b a se b a ll____________</p><p>3 s w im m in g / d iv in g ____________</p><p>4 ru n n in g / ho rse r a c in g ____________</p><p>5 g o l f ------------------</p><p>6 s k i____________</p><p>d 3 3))) L is te n an d ch e ck . T h e n te st a p a rtn e r .</p><p>A (b o o k open) say a sp o rt, e.g., tennis.</p><p>B (b o o k c losed) say w here you p lay it, e.g., tennis court.</p><p>2 V E R B S d C o m p le te th e Verb c o lu m n w it h a v e rb f r o m th e lis t .</p><p>P w in and b e a t</p><p>You win a game, competition, medal, or trophy.</p><p>You beat another team or person NOT The</p><p>Red Sox won the Yankees.</p><p>a C o m p le te w it h th e p a s t ten se a n d past</p><p>p a r t ic ip le s .</p><p>beat beat _______</p><p>win _______ _______</p><p>lose ______ _______</p><p>tie ______ _______</p><p>b C o m p le te th e Verb c o lu m n w it h th e p ast</p><p>ten se o f a v e rb f r o m a.</p><p>1 Costa Rica the US 3-0.</p><p>2 Costa Rica the game 3-0.</p><p>3 The Chicago Bulls 78-91 to</p><p>the Boston Celtics.</p><p>4 Spain with Brazil 2-2.</p><p>Verb</p><p>c 3 4))) L is te n an d ch e ck a an d b.</p><p>do get injured get in shape go kick score throw tram</p><p>Verb</p><p>1 Professional sportspeople have to every day. train</p><p>2 Don’t play tennis on a wet court. You might . ________</p><p>3 A soccer player has to try to the ball into the goal. ________</p><p>4 I’ve started going to the gym because I want to . ________</p><p>5 Our new striker is going to a lot of goals. ________</p><p>6 Would you like to swimming this afternoon? ________</p><p>7 My brothers yoga and tai-chi. ________</p><p>8 In basketball, players the ball to each other. ________</p><p>e 3 5))) L is te n and ch e ck . C o v e r th e Verb c o lu m n s in b and d.</p><p>T e s t y o u rse lf .</p><p>P Phrasal verbs</p><p>It’s important to warm up before you do any vigorous exercise. (= do</p><p>light exercise to get ready, e.g., for a game)</p><p>My daughter works out every afternoon. (= exercises at a gym)</p><p>My team was knocked out in the semi-finals. (= eliminated)</p><p>< p .44</p><p>Online Practice 157</p><p>V O C A B U L A R Y B A N KRelationships</p><p>1 PEOPLE</p><p>a M a t c h th e w o rd s a n d d e f in it io n s .</p><p>classmate /'k ltesm eit/</p><p>close friend k lo u s frend/</p><p>colleague/'ka lig/ couple .'kA.pl/</p><p>ex /eks/ fiancd Tiun'sci/ (female fiancee)</p><p>partner /'part nor/ roommate /'rum m eit/</p><p>b 3 19))) L is t e n and ch e ck . C o v e r the</p><p>d e f in it io n s a n d lo o k a t th e w o rd s .</p><p>R e m e m b e r th e d e f in it io n s .</p><p>1 couple_________ tw o peop le w h o are m a rr ie d o r in a ro m a n t ic re la t io n sh ip</p><p>2 _______________ y o u r husband , w ife , b o y fr ie n d , o r g ir lf r ie n d</p><p>3 _______________ the p e rso n th a t you a re engaged to be m a rr ie d to</p><p>4 _______________ a pe rson th a t you share an ap a rtm en t o r house w ith</p><p>5 _______________ a p e rso n th a t you w o rk w ith</p><p>6 _______________ (colloquial) a pe rson th a t you used to have a re la t io n sh ip</p><p>w ith</p><p>7 _______________ a ve ry g ood fr ie n d tha t you can ta lk to abou t a n y th in g</p><p>8 _______________ a f r ie n d f ro m sch o o l o r co llege</p><p>2 V E R B S A N D V E R B P H R A S E S</p><p>a C o m p le te th e se n ten ce s w ith a v e rb o r v e rb p h ra se in th e p a s t tense.</p><p>be together become friends break up get along get in touch get married</p><p>get to know go out together have something in common lose touch meet</p><p>propose</p><p>1 1 met_______M a r k w hen I w as s tu d y in g at B o s to n U n iv e rs ity .</p><p>2 W e ________each o th e r q u ic k ly because w e w en t to the sam e classes.</p><p>3 W e s o o n _________ , and w e d iscove red th a t w e _________ a lo t __________ . F o r</p><p>exam p le , w e b o th lik e d a rt and m us ic .</p><p>4 W e _________ in o u r second sem ester, and w e fe ll in love.</p><p>5 W e _________ fo r tw o years, bu t w e a rgued a lo t, an d in o u r la s t sem ester o f</p><p>sch oo l, w e _________ .</p><p>6 A f t e r w e g raduated f ro m co llege , w e _________ because I m oved to C h icag o ,</p><p>and he stayed in B o ston .</p><p>7 F iv e yea rs later, w e _________ aga in o n Faceb ook . W e w ere b o th s t i l l s ing le ,</p><p>and M a r k had m oved to C h ic a g o , too.</p><p>8 T h is t im e w e _________ b e tte r th an be fo re , m aybe because w e w ere o lder.</p><p>9 A f t e r tw o m o n th s M a r k _________ and I accepted.</p><p>10 W e _________ last sum m er. A lo t o f o u r o ld</p><p>few 3__________</p><p>ago. He had met Jenny when she went to 4__________ on</p><p>a work trip. They got along very well, and he was offered a</p><p>job for a month in 5__________ . Later he was offered a</p><p>6__________ job. Jenny helped R o b 7___________an</p><p>apartment, and they are enjoying life in the US, although</p><p>Rob misses his friends and 8__________ .</p><p>O American and British English</p><p>apartment = American English</p><p>fla t = British English</p><p>■ < R EA C TIN G TO W H A T PEOPLE SAY</p><p>a 1 29))) Watch or listen to Jenny introducing Rob to</p><p>her parents. What bad news does Rob have for Jenny?</p><p>What good news does Jenny have for her parents?</p><p>o American and British English</p><p>mom = American English</p><p>mum = British English</p><p>b Watch or listen again and mark the sentences T (true)</p><p>or F (false). Correct the F sentences.</p><p>1 Rob left the chocolates at the office.</p><p>2 Rob’s desk is usually very neat.</p><p>3 It's the second time that Rob has met Jenny's parents.</p><p>4 Sally has prepared a big dinner.</p><p>5 jenny’s new job is managing director.</p><p>6 jenny is going to be Rob's manager.</p><p>12</p><p>c 1 30))) Look at some extracts from the</p><p>conversation. Can you remember any o f the</p><p>missing words? Watch or listen and check.</p><p>1 Jenny Don’t forget the chocolates.</p><p>Rob OK. Oh,________ !</p><p>Jenny I don’t ________ it. Don't tell me you</p><p>forgot them?</p><p>Rob I think they’re still on my desk.</p><p>Jenny ________ kidding.</p><p>2 Jenny Mom, I’m really sorry - we bought</p><p>you some chocolates, but we left</p><p>them at the office.</p><p>Sally What a _________._________mind.</p><p>3 Jenny But I also have some good news.</p><p>Sally ________ ? What’s that?</p><p>4 Sally So you’ve got a promotion?_______</p><p>fantastic!</p><p>Harry That’s great________ !</p><p>5 Sally Let’s go and have dinner.</p><p>Jenny What a ________ idea!</p><p>d 1 31))) Watch or listen and repeat the</p><p>phrases in the chart below. Copy the rhythm</p><p>and intonation.</p><p>REACTING TO WHAT PEOPLE SAY</p><p>What you say when you hear...</p><p>something surprising You’re kidding.</p><p>1 don’t believe it.</p><p>something interesting Really?</p><p>some good news How fantastic!</p><p>That’s great news!</p><p>What a great idea!</p><p>some bad news Oh, no!</p><p>What a pity.</p><p>Never mind.</p><p>O How + adjective, What + noun</p><p>We often use How + adjective or What + noun to</p><p>respond to what people say.</p><p>How interesting! How awful! How amazing!</p><p>What a pity! What a good idea! What terrible news!</p><p>3 ■ < H A R R Y F IN D S O U T M O R E A B O U T ROB</p><p>a 1 32))) Watch or listen to the after-dinner conversation. Does</p><p>the evening end well or badly?</p><p>b Watch or listen again and answer the questions.</p><p>1 What school did Jenny go to?</p><p>2 Is Harry impressed by Rob’s job? Why (not)?</p><p>3 What does Harry like doing in his free time?</p><p>4 Who are most of the photos in the dining room of?</p><p>5 Who are Miles Davis, John Coltrane, and Wynton Marsalis?</p><p>6 What surprises Harry about Rob?</p><p>c Look at the Social English phrases. Can you remember any of</p><p>the missing words?</p><p>Social English phrases</p><p>Harry How do you______ your career?</p><p>Rob N ot______ . I’m more of a writer.</p><p>Rob Oh, you know, interviews, reviews,_______like that...</p><p>Rob I_______, I like photography.</p><p>Harry That’s ______ most of them are of Jenny.</p><p>Harry How_______!</p><p>Rob Well, he's a really nice_______.</p><p>Harry Go_______, son!</p><p>e Practice the dialogues in c with a partner.</p><p>f mm V Communication How awful! How</p><p>fantastic! A p.104 B p.109.</p><p>d 1 33))) Watch or listen and complete the phrases.</p><p>e Watch or listen again and repeat the phrases. How do you say</p><p>them in your language?</p><p>^ Can you...?</p><p>react to good news, bad news, unexpected</p><p>news, and interesting news</p><p>introduce yourself and other people</p><p>use phrases that give you time to think,</p><p>e.g., you know, I mean, etc.</p><p>Online Practice 13</p><p>G present perfect and simple past</p><p>V money</p><p>P the le tte r o</p><p>2A Spend or save?</p><p>Have you</p><p>paid the phone</p><p>bill yet?</p><p>1 V O C A B U L A R Y money</p><p>a 1 34))) Listen to a song about money. Fill in</p><p>the blanks with phrases A -G .</p><p>A a material world</p><p>B comes with a fee</p><p>C foot the bill</p><p>D for free</p><p>E paper or plastic</p><p>F shopping sprees</p><p>G with money</p><p>b Listen again and read the lyrics.</p><p>Which phrase (A -G ) means...?</p><p>1 rich</p><p>2 cash or credit cards</p><p>3 you have to pay for it</p><p>4 pay the bill</p><p>5 that you don’t have to pay for</p><p>6 buying a lot of things at one time</p><p>7 a consumer society</p><p>c W hat do you think the song is saying?</p><p>Do you think it is ...?</p><p>• very cynical</p><p>• sad, but sometimes true</p><p>• offensive to women (and men)</p><p>d > • p.154 Vocabulary Bank Money.</p><p>G irls don’t like boys, girls like cars and money</p><p>Boys w ill laugh at girls when they’re no t funny</p><p>D on’t m atter</p><p>She’ll have it</p><p>Vacations</p><p>And 4____</p><p>These are a few</p><p>O f her favorite things</p><p>She’ll get w hat she wants</p><p>If she’s w illing to please</p><p>His type o f girl</p><p>Always 5____</p><p>Hey, now, the re ’s nothing</p><p>Girls don’t like boys, girls like cars and money</p><p>Boys w ill laugh at girls when they’re no t funny</p><p>And these girls like these boys like these boys like these girls</p><p>The girls w ith the bodies like boys w ith Ferraris</p><p>G irls don’t like boys, girls like cars and money</p><p>Educated, 1____</p><p>He’s well-dressed</p><p>N o t funny</p><p>And not much to say in</p><p>Most conversations</p><p>But he’ll 2____ in</p><p>A ll situations</p><p>’Cause he pays fo r everything</p><p>A ll o f these boys, yeah get all o f these girls</p><p>Losing th e ir souls in 7____</p><p>14</p><p>Yes, I paid it</p><p>yesterday</p><p>2 P R O N U N C IA T IO N the letter o</p><p>a Can you remember which word rhymes with money in</p><p>the song Girls & Boys?</p><p>b Look at some more words with the letter o. Put them in</p><p>the correct column.</p><p>clothes dollar done honest loan money go</p><p>nothing owe shopping some sold won</p><p>d Look at some words with the letters or. How is or</p><p>usually pronounced when it’s stressed? Which two are</p><p>different?</p><p>afford order worth organized mortgage store work</p><p>e 1 39))) Listen and check.</p><p>f Practice saying these sentences.</p><p>Let's go shopping for clothes.</p><p>Can I borrow some money?</p><p>He won a million dollars.</p><p>They can’t afford to pay the mortgage.</p><p>I work in a store.</p><p>I've done nothing wrong.</p><p>3 R E A D IN G & S P E A K IN G</p><p>a Read the questionnaire and choose your answers,</p><p>b Compare your answers with a partner. Say why.</p><p>c > - Communication Spender or saver? p.108. Find out if</p><p>you are a spender or a saver.</p><p>4 L IS T E N IN G</p><p>a 1 40))) Listen to six people answering the question Are</p><p>you a spender or a saver? How many are savers?</p><p>b Listen again and match speakers 1 -6 with A-F. W ho.. .?</p><p>A Q always has money in the bank</p><p>B [_I often ends up with no money</p><p>C □ thinks he/she is careful with money, but not cheap</p><p>D [_] enjoys spending money on his / her hobby</p><p>E can save money if he / she needs to</p><p>F L J prefers to live now than worry about the future</p><p>ARE YOU A SPENDER</p><p>OR A SAVER?</p><p>1 You go shopping and you see som ething very</p><p>expensive th a t you really w ant, but can’t afford.</p><p>You...</p><p>a buy i t w ith your c red it card. You can w o rry about the</p><p>bill next month.</p><p>b already have some money in the bank and plan to</p><p>save fo r a couple o f weeks and then buy the thing</p><p>you want.</p><p>c b o rro w the money and agree to pay back a small</p><p>am ount every week.</p><p>2 You get $100 fo r your birthday. You...</p><p>a spend some o f i t and save some,</p><p>b go straight to a shopping mall and spend it all.</p><p>c put all o f i t in your bank account until you know what</p><p>you want to spend it on.</p><p>3 Do you always know how much m oney you have,</p><p>how much m oney you have spent, and on what?</p><p>a Yes. I'm very organized and know exactly what I have</p><p>and what I've spent.</p><p>b No. I have no idea. W hen I have money, I usually just</p><p>spend it.</p><p>c I usually have a rough idea about w hat I spend my</p><p>money on.</p><p>4 You borrow ed some m oney from a friend, but</p><p>you don’t th ink th a t you’ll be able to pay it back</p><p>by the tim e you prom ised to. You...</p><p>a don 't w o rry about it. Hopefully your friend w ill forget</p><p>about it, too !</p><p>b figure o u t how much money you have and how much</p><p>you owe. You speak to you r friend and explain the</p><p>situation and o ffe r to pay the money back in small</p><p>installments.</p><p>c ta lk to your friend and promise tha t you'll</p><p>co llege fr ie n d s cam e</p><p>to the w edd ing !</p><p>b 3 20))) L is t e n a n d ch e ck .</p><p>c L o o k a t th e p ic tu re s . T r y to re m e m b e r th e sto ry .</p><p>^ 3 Colloquial language</p><p>I went out last night with some buddies. (= friends)</p><p>I’m really into a girl I met in class last week. (= I’m attracted to her)</p><p>Jane dumped her boyfriend last night! (= told him that their relationship</p><p>was over)</p><p>My younger sister has a crush on Justin Bieber! (= be madly in love with</p><p>when you are young)</p><p>Phrasal verbs</p><p>My sister and her boyfriend broke up /sp lit up last month. (= ended</p><p>their relationship)</p><p>My brother has been going out with Ns girlfriend for two years. (= dating)</p><p>< p . 5 0</p><p>Irregular verbs</p><p>5 45)))</p><p>Infinitive Simple past Past participle</p><p>be /bi/ was /wo//</p><p>were /war/</p><p>been /bin/</p><p>beat /bit/ beat beaten /'bitn/</p><p>become/bi'knm/ became /bi'keim/ become</p><p>begin /bi'gin/ began /bfgam/ begun /bi'gnn/</p><p>bite /ban/ b it /bit/ b itten /'bitn/</p><p>break/breik/ broke /brook/ broken Abroukan/</p><p>bring /brio/ brought /brot/ brought</p><p>build /bild/ built /bilt/ built</p><p>buy Zbai/ bought /hot/ bought</p><p>can /keen/ could /kod/ -</p><p>catch /kajff/ caught /kot/ caught</p><p>choose /tfuz/ chose /tj'ouz/ chosen / ’tfoozn/</p><p>come Zknm/ came keim/ come</p><p>cost /kost/ cost cost</p><p>cut /knt/ cut cut</p><p>do /du/ did /did/ done /clnn/</p><p>draw /dro/ drew /dru/ drawn /dron/</p><p>dream /drim/ dreamed /drimd/ dreamed</p><p>(dreamt /dremi/) (dreamt)</p><p>drink /driqk/ drank /dnegk/ drunk Zdrnok/</p><p>drive /draiv/ drove /droov/ driven /'dnvn/</p><p>eat /it/ ate /eit/ eaten Z'itn/</p><p>fa ll /fol/ fe ll /fd/ fallen /'fotan/</p><p>fee l/fil/ fe lt /felt/ fe lt</p><p>find /fame!/ found /faund/ found</p><p>fly /flai/ flew 'flu/ flown /floon/</p><p>forget /for'get/ forgot /for'gat/ fo rgo tten /for'gotn/</p><p>get /get/ got /gat/ g o tte n /'gain/</p><p>give /giv/ gave/geiv/ given /'yivn/</p><p>go /goo/ went /went/ gone /gan/</p><p>grow /grou/ grew /gni/ grown /groun/</p><p>hang /1ɪæŋ/ hung /1ıʌŋ/ hung</p><p>have haw/ had /hæd/ had</p><p>hear/hir/ heard /hard/ heard</p><p>hit /hit/ hit hit</p><p>hurt /hart/ hurt hurt</p><p>keep /kip/ kept /kept/ kept</p><p>know /noo/ knew Znu/ known /noun/</p><p>Infinitive Simple past Past participle</p><p>learn /lorn/ learned /lornd/ learned</p><p>leave /iiv/ le ft /left/ le ft</p><p>lend /lend/ lent /lent/ lent</p><p>let /let/ let let</p><p>lie /lai/ lay /lei/ lain /lein/</p><p>lose /luz/ lost /lost/ lost</p><p>make Zrneik/ made /meid/ made</p><p>mean /min/ meant /ment/ meant</p><p>meet /m it/ met /met/ met</p><p>pay /pei/ paid Zpeid/ paid</p><p>put /put/ put put</p><p>read /rid/ read /red/ read /red/</p><p>ride /raid/ rode /rood/ ridden/'ndn/</p><p>ring /ng/ rang /ɪ-æŋ/ rung Itm)/</p><p>run /rnn/ ran /ran/ run</p><p>say /sei/ said /sed/ said</p><p>see /si/ saw /so/ seen /sin/</p><p>sell /sel/ sold /sould/ sold</p><p>send /send/ sent /sent/ sent</p><p>set /set/ set set</p><p>shine /fain/ shone /foon/ shone</p><p>shut /Jat/ shut shut</p><p>sing /sip/ sang /steo/ sung /snr)/</p><p>sit /sit/ sat /sait/ sat</p><p>sleep /slip/ slept /slept/ slept</p><p>speak/spik/ spoke /spook/ spoken /'spoukan/</p><p>spend /spend/ spent /spent/ spent</p><p>stand /sl^nd/ stood /stud/ stood</p><p>stea l/stil/ stole /stool/ stolen /'sloulan/</p><p>swim /swim/ swam /swsm/ swum su \m/</p><p>take /teik/ took /tok/ taken /‘tcikon/</p><p>teach /tiff/ taught /tot/ taught</p><p>te ll /tel/ told /took!/ told</p><p>th in k /Oipk/ thought /(tot/ thought</p><p>throw /θɪ-θʊ/ threw /Oru/ thrown /Oroun/</p><p>understand understood understood</p><p>Ando'staend/ /nndar'stud/</p><p>wake weik/ woke /wouk/ woken /'woukan/</p><p>wear /wer/ wore /w or/ worn /worn/</p><p>win /win/ won /wnn/ won</p><p>write /ran/ wrote /rout/ w ritten /'ntn/</p><p>Irregular verbs 165</p><p>Vowel sounds S O U N D B A N K</p><p>usual spelling ! but also</p><p>ee b e e f speed</p><p>ea peach team</p><p>e re fu n d m e d iu m</p><p>peop le m agaz ine</p><p>n ie ce rece ip t</p><p>ɪ d ish b i l l</p><p>p itch f it</p><p>t ic k e t s in ce</p><p>p re tty w om en</p><p>busy dec ided</p><p>v illa g e phys ics</p><p>eer cheers eng inee r</p><p>ere here w e ’re</p><p>ear beard</p><p>appearance</p><p>se r io u s</p><p>a fa n trave l</p><p>c ra sh tax</p><p>c a r ry land</p><p>e m enu lend</p><p>tex t spend</p><p>p le n ty cent</p><p>fr ie n d ly a lready</p><p>h ea lth y m any</p><p>sa id</p><p>air a irp o r t u p sta irs</p><p>fa ir h a ir</p><p>are ra re ca re fu l</p><p>th e ir there</p><p>w ea r pea r</p><p>area</p><p>o shop com edy</p><p>p lo t sho t</p><p>co ttage on</p><p>w atch w an t</p><p>ca lm</p><p>a ba ld w a ll</p><p>aw d ra w saw</p><p>al w a lk ta lk</p><p>th ou gh t caugh t</p><p>aud ience</p><p>or sp o rts f lo o r</p><p>ore bo re score</p><p>w a rm cou rse</p><p>board</p><p>o o p o o l m o o d y</p><p>u* tru e studen t</p><p>su itca se ju ice</p><p>shoe m ove soup</p><p>th rou gh</p><p>* e sp e c ia lly be fo re co n so n an t + e</p><p>usual spelling ! but also</p><p>u f u l l</p><p>oo co o k b o o k</p><p>lo o k good</p><p>co u ld shou ld</p><p>w o u ld w o m an</p><p>A v e ry u n u su a l sound ,</p><p>su re p lu ra l</p><p>u p u b lic sub ject</p><p>u g ly du ck</p><p>cup</p><p>m oney som eone</p><p>enough c o u n try</p><p>tough</p><p>M a n y d if fe re n t sp e llin g s ,</p><p>/ə/ is a lw ays unstressed ,</p><p>abou t c o m p la in</p><p>er pe rso n p re fe r le a rn</p><p>ir d ir t y th ird</p><p>ur c u r ly tu rn</p><p>w o rk</p><p>w o r ld w orse</p><p>p ic tu re</p><p>ou h o u r a roun d</p><p>p roud g round</p><p>ow to w n b ro w n</p><p>o* b roke stone</p><p>fro ze n stove</p><p>oa ro a s t coat</p><p>ow e s lo w</p><p>a lth o u g h</p><p>shou lde rs</p><p>ar garden charge</p><p>s ta rte r</p><p>hea rt</p><p>a* save gate</p><p>ai ra ilro a d p la in</p><p>ay m ay say g ray</p><p>b reak steak</p><p>grea t w e igh t</p><p>they</p><p>oi b o ile d n o isy</p><p>s p o il c o in</p><p>oy en joy em p loye r</p><p>i* f in e s ign</p><p>y shy m o to rcy c le</p><p>igh f l ig h t fr ig h tened</p><p>b u y eves</p><p>he igh t</p><p>vow e ls vow e ls fo llo w e d b v Irl d ip h th o n g s</p><p>cat</p><p>egg</p><p>cha ir</p><p>c lo ck</p><p>saw</p><p>horse</p><p>boo t</p><p>h u ll</p><p>to u r is t</p><p>up</p><p>com pu te r</p><p>b ird</p><p>o w l</p><p>phone</p><p>car</p><p>tra in</p><p>boy</p><p>b ike</p><p>Consonant sounds S O U N D B A N K</p><p>usual spelling ! but also</p><p>p plate</p><p>t ra n sp o r t t r ip</p><p>pp sh o p p in g app ly</p><p>b beans b i l l</p><p>p ro b ab ly crab</p><p>bb s tu b b o rn dubbed</p><p>c c o u r t s c r ip t</p><p>k k in d k ic k</p><p>ck t ra c k lu cky</p><p>ch e m is ty s ch o o l</p><p>s tom ach squ id</p><p>a ccoun t</p><p>g g o lf g r il le d</p><p>co lle ague fo rge t</p><p>gg aggress ive luggage</p><p>f fo o d r o o f</p><p>ph p h a rm a cy nephew</p><p>ff t r a f f ic a ffe c t io n a te</p><p>enough laugh</p><p>v van vegetab les</p><p>trave l in vest</p><p>p r iv a te be lieve</p><p>o f</p><p>t taste te n n is</p><p>s tad iu m s t r ic t</p><p>tt a ttra c t iv e co ttage</p><p>w o rke d passed</p><p>d d ire c to r a ffo rd</p><p>com edy co n f id e n t</p><p>dd add ress m id d le</p><p>fa ile d bo red</p><p>s steps lik e s</p><p>ss boss ass is tan t</p><p>c tw ic e c ity cyc le</p><p>(be fo re e, i,y)</p><p>sc ience scene</p><p>z la z y fre e z in g</p><p>s nose</p><p>loves co u s in s</p><p>sh sh o rt d ishw ashe r</p><p>se lf is h cash</p><p>ti (+ vowel)</p><p>a m b it io u s e xp la na tio n</p><p>ci (+ vowel)</p><p>sp ac iou s so c iab le</p><p>sugar su re</p><p>m a ch in e ch e f</p><p>d e c is io n c o n fu s io n u su a lly</p><p>o vo iced □ un vo iced</p><p>usual spelling ! but also</p><p>th th ro w th r i l le r</p><p>h ea lth y path</p><p>m a th teeth</p><p>th the that</p><p>w ith</p><p>fa r th e r toge the r</p><p>ch change cheat</p><p>tch w a tch m atch</p><p>t (+ ure) p ic tu re fu tu re</p><p>j jea lous just</p><p>g generous m anage r</p><p>dge b r id g e judge</p><p>I l im it sa la ry</p><p>u n t i l re liab le</p><p>II se ll re b e llio u s</p><p>r re su lt referee</p><p>e le m e n ta ry fr ie d</p><p>rr b o r ro w m a rr ie d</p><p>w r it te n w ro n g</p><p>w w a r w aste</p><p>w es te rn h ighw ay</p><p>wh w h is t le w h ic h</p><p>one once</p><p>y yet yea r</p><p>y o g u r t y o u rs e lf</p><p>be fo re u u n iv e rs ity argue</p><p>m m ean a rm</p><p>ro m a n t ic c h a rm in g</p><p>mm su m m e r sw im m in g</p><p>la m b</p><p>n neck honest</p><p>none ch im n e y</p><p>nn te n n is th in n e r</p><p>knee knew</p><p>ng c o o k in g go in g</p><p>s p r in g b r in g</p><p>be fo re g/k</p><p>th in k tongue</p><p>h hand som e he lm et</p><p>behave in h e r it</p><p>u n h ap p y pe rhaps</p><p>w h o w hose</p><p>w ho le</p><p>Online Practice 167</p><p>pa rro t</p><p>bag</p><p>key</p><p>g ir l</p><p>flow er</p><p>vase</p><p>tie</p><p>dog</p><p>snake</p><p>zebra</p><p>show er</p><p>television</p><p>thum b</p><p>m o the r</p><p>chess</p><p>jazz</p><p>leg</p><p>r ig h t</p><p>w itch</p><p>yach t</p><p>m onkey</p><p>singer</p><p>nose</p><p>house</p><p>This page has intentionally been left blank.</p><p>American</p><p>ENGLISH FILE</p><p>Workbook</p><p>Christina Latham-Koenig</p><p>Clive Oxenden</p><p>Jane H udson</p><p>Paul Seligson and Clive Oxenden are the original co-authors of</p><p>English File</p><p>1 and English File 2</p><p>OXFORD</p><p>U N I V E R S I T Y P R E S S</p><p>1</p><p>4 A Mood food</p><p>7 B Family life</p><p>10 PRACTICAL ENGLISH Meeting the parents</p><p>2</p><p>11 A Spend or save?</p><p>14 B Changing lives</p><p>3</p><p>17 A Race across Florida</p><p>20 B S tereo types-ora re they?</p><p>23 PRACTICAL ENGLISH A d ifficu lt celebrity</p><p>4</p><p>24 A Failure and success</p><p>27 B Modern manners?</p><p>5</p><p>30 A Sports superstitions</p><p>33 B Love a t Exit 19</p><p>36 PRACTICAL ENGLISH Old friends</p><p>69 LISTENING</p><p>S T U D Y L IN K ffiflTa-jia a S E L F -A S S E S S M E N T C D -R O M</p><p>Powerful listening and interactive assessment CD-ROM</p><p>Your iChecker disc on the inside back cover o f this Workbook</p><p>includes:</p><p>• AUDIO - Download ALL o f the audio files for the Listening</p><p>and Pronunciation activities in this Workbook for on-the-</p><p>go listening practice.</p><p>• FILE TESTS - Check your progress by taking a self-</p><p>assessment te s t a fte r you complete each File.</p><p>Audio: When you see this symbol , go to the iChecker</p><p>disc in the back of this Workbook. Load the disc in your computer.</p><p>Type your name and press “ENTER.”</p><p>Choose “AUDIO BANK."</p><p>Click on the exercise fo r the File. Then use the media</p><p>player to listen.</p><p>You can transfer the audio to a mobile device from the</p><p>“audio” folder on the disc.</p><p>File tes t: At the end o f every File, there is a test. To do the</p><p>test, load the iChecker and select “Tests.” Select the test</p><p>for the File you have jus t finished.</p><p>Dictation: At the end of every File, there is a dictation exercise.</p><p>To do the dictation, select “Dictations” from the “File" menu.</p><p>The tw o biggest best-sellers in any bookstore are the cookbooks and the diet books.</p><p>The cookbooks te ll you how to prepare the food and the diet books te ll you how not to eat any o f it.</p><p>Andy Rooney, US humorist</p><p>1A Mood food</p><p>1 V O C A B U L A R Y food and cooking</p><p>a (^ h d e ) the w o rd th a t is d if fe re n t . E x p la in w hy.</p><p>1 (beams) g rapes peach ra sp b e rry</p><p>T h e o the rs a re a l l fruit</p><p>2 b e e f p o rk la m b sa lm o n</p><p>T h e o the rs a re a l l ____________________________</p><p>3 beet cabbage pea r peppe r</p><p>T h e o the rs a re a l l ____________________________</p><p>4 eggp lan t lem o n m ango m e lon</p><p>T h e o the rs a re a l l ____________________________</p><p>5 c rab m usse ls b e e f s h r im p</p><p>T h e o the rs a re a l l ____________________________</p><p>6 cabbage ch e rry z u c c h in i cu cu m b e r</p><p>T h e o the rs a re a l l ____________________________</p><p>b C o m p le te th e c ro s sw o rd .</p><p>c C o m p le te th e sen ten ce s w ith th e w o rd s in th e b o x .</p><p>ea rn ed fre sh frozen low -fat raw sp icy take-ou t</p><p>1 Canned tom atoes u su a lly la s t fo r abou t tw o years</p><p>2 I d o n ’t fee l l ik e co o k in g . L e t 's g e t___________________</p><p>fo r d inne r.</p><p>3 A r e there a n y ___________________ peas in the freeze r?</p><p>4 I'm d o n ’t re a lly l i k e ___________________ fish , so I never</p><p>eat sush i.</p><p>5 H a n n a h ’s on a d ie t, so she b ou gh t s o m e ______________</p><p>y o g u rt to have fo r dessert.</p><p>6 T h e y eat a lo t o f ___________________ fo o d in M e x ic o .</p><p>7 W e b u y ___________________ bread f r o m the bake ry</p><p>every m o rn in g .</p><p>Clues acrossClues down</p><p>2 P R O N U N C IA T IO N vowel sounds</p><p>a W r it e th e w o rd s in th e ch a rt.</p><p>beef carton chicken chocolate cook crab</p><p>soup jar mango peach raw salt</p><p>sausage squid sugar tuna</p><p>3 G R A M M A R simple present / continuous,</p><p>action and nonaction verbs</p><p>a A r e th e h ig h lig h te d p h ra se s r ig h t ( / ) o r w ro n g ( / ) ?</p><p>C o r r e c t th e w ro n g ph ra ses .</p><p>1 D o e s y o u r g ir lf r ie n d lik e sea food?</p><p>L is te n and ch e ck . T h e n l is te n a g a in and</p><p>re p e a t the w o rd s .</p><p>Pronouncing difficult words</p><p>c W r it e th e w o rd s .</p><p>1 /bo ild / boiled</p><p>2 /'ktebid3/</p><p>3 / 'spa is i/ ________</p><p>4 /roo st id /</p><p>5 /g re ips/ _________</p><p>6 /fru t/</p><p>7 /b e ik t/ ________</p><p>8 /'m elon/</p><p>9 / z u 'k in i/ _________</p><p>p u n s L is te n and ch e ck . T h e n lis te n a g a in and</p><p>re p e a t th e w o rd s .</p><p>2 L u c y ’s in the k itch en . She m akes a cu p o f co ffee .</p><p>She’s making______________________________________</p><p>3 A r e you e a ting ou t eve ry w eekend?</p><p>4 I d o n ’t k n o w w hat to c o o k fo r d in ne r. L H</p><p>5 A r e you t h in k in g the f is h is cooked now ?</p><p>6 W e ’re hav ing lu nch w ith m y parents every Sunday. L d</p><p>7 M y m o the r’s in the yard. She ’s m o w in g the law n . L d</p><p>8 I’m not w an tin g any potatoes w ith m y fish , thanks. EH</p><p>9 D o you p re fe r steam ed r ice to f r ie d r ic e ? L H</p><p>10 Jack ’s o n the phone. H e o rde rs som e p iz za s . L d</p><p>b C o m p le te th e sen ten ce s w ith th e s im p le p re se n t</p><p>o r c o n t in u o u s fo rm o f th e v e rb s in pa ren th eses .</p><p>1 O u r n e ig h b o rs grow a l l o f th e ir o w n vegetables,</p><p>(grow )</p><p>2 M y m o th e r____________u s u a lly ____________ o n the</p><p>w eekend, (no t cook)</p><p>3 D o you w an t to com e fo r lu n ch on Sunday?</p><p>W e ________________________ro a s t ch icken , (have)</p><p>4 W e ________________________to n ig h t because th e re ’s</p><p>a socce r gam e o n T V . (no t go out)</p><p>5 ____________yo u u s u a lly ____________ you r b irthday</p><p>w ith y o u r fa m ily ? (spend)</p><p>6 T h a t re s ta u ra n t___________ d e lic io u s m usse ls at</p><p>lu n ch t im e , (serve)</p><p>7 H o w o f te n ____________y o u ____________ in a ty p ic a l</p><p>w eek? (eat out)</p><p>8 I ________________________an a p p e tize r because I ’m</p><p>n o t hung ry , (not have)</p><p>9 W e ____________o f te n ____________ steak, (not buy)</p><p>10 M y b o y fr ie n d 's o n a d ie t so h e ______________________</p><p>o n fr ie d food , (cut dow n )</p><p>5</p><p>fish tree cat car</p><p>bootbullsawclock</p><p>b</p><p>4 R E A D IN G b R e a d th e a r t ic le ag a in . M a r k the se n ten ce s T (true) o r F (fa lse).</p><p>a R e a d th e a r t ic le o n ce a n d p u t th e h e a d in g s in</p><p>th e c o r r e c t p lace .</p><p>B H o w can I prevent serious illnesses?</p><p>C H o w .should 1 st ar t t he day?</p><p>D D o I rea lly need to eat five a day?</p><p>healthy eating</p><p>Food experts are always telling us what we should</p><p>and shouldn't eat, but they often give us different</p><p>advice. Our food writer, Teresa Gold, has taken a look</p><p>at all the information to figure out what is fact and</p><p>what is fiction. 5</p><p>1 A ty p ic a l A m e r ican breakfast every m o rn in g isn ’t good fo r you. X</p><p>2 T h e best b re a k fa s t is any ty p e o f cerea l. __</p><p>3 A n A m e r ic a n n u t r it io n is t c a re fu lly ca lcu la ted the am oun t</p><p>o f f r u it s and vegetab les w e sh o u ld eat.</p><p>4 W e shou ld eat m o re th an fiv e se rv ing s o f f ru its and</p><p>vegetables pe r day. __</p><p>5 A p p le s c o n ta in a lo t o f sugar. __</p><p>6 A l l app le s have the sam e am ou n t o f fiber.</p><p>7 Fa ts can be good fo r us. __</p><p>8 Y ou c a n eat as m u ch red m eat as you w a n t to. __</p><p>L o o k a t th e h ig h l ig h te d w o rd s and p h ra se s . W h a t d o y o u</p><p>t h in k th e y m ean ? U s e y o u r d ic t io n a r y to lo o k u p th e ir</p><p>m e a n in g and p ro n u n c ia t io n .</p><p>L IS T E N IN G</p><p>ı c_______</p><p>A typical American breakfast of fried eggs, bacon,</p><p>toast, pancakes, and orange juice will certainly stop</p><p>you from feeling hungry, but it's high in calories, which</p><p>means that you'll gain weight if you eat it regularly.</p><p>A healthier option is to have just an egg. Boil it</p><p>instead of frying it, and eat it with a piece of toast</p><p>made with whole-wheat bread. Breakfast cereals</p><p>are very high in sugar, so if you feel like cereal,</p><p>have granola - with no added sugar. You can also</p><p>get your first vitamins of the day by drinking a glass</p><p>of freshly squeezed orange juice.</p><p>2 ______________</p><p>Fruits and vegetables contain the vitamins and</p><p>minerals we need to stay healthy. But five is actually</p><p>a</p><p>fictional nurnberthought up by an American</p><p>nutritionist. She looked at what the average person</p><p>ate and doubled it. According to more recent</p><p>research, the right number is actually eight. The</p><p>research shows that people who have eight pieces</p><p>of fruit and vegetables a day are much less likely to</p><p>suffer from heart disease than those who eat three.</p><p>3 _____________</p><p>This particular fruit has had some bad publicity because</p><p>dentists say it can harm our teeth. While it's true that</p><p>apples do contain a little sugar, they are also a source</p><p>of fiber Nutritionists say that we need about 18 grams</p><p>of fibera day, and a medium apple- peel included —</p><p>contains about 3 grams. Some varieties contain more</p><p>fiber than others, so you should choose carefully.</p><p>4 _____________</p><p>The key to good health is a balanced diet that contains</p><p>fats and carbohydrates as well as proteins, vitamins,</p><p>and minerals. Fats may be high in calories, but they also</p><p>contain vitamins. According to the World Cancer Research</p><p>Fund, you should only have about 500 grams of red meat</p><p>per week - a steak is about 100 grams. One type of food</p><p>on its own won't kill or cure you, but eating the right</p><p>amount of the right food will stop you from getting sick.</p><p>a L is te n to a r a d io c a l l- in p ro g ra m a b o u t th e a r t ic le</p><p>in e x e rc ise 4. C h e c k ( / ) th e ca lle r(s ) w h o c o m p le te ly agree</p><p>w it h it.</p><p>A K e v in L d C D e re k</p><p>B K a te □ D R o s ie □</p><p>b L is te n a g a in a n d a n sw e r th e q u e s t io n s .</p><p>W h ic h ca lle r...?</p><p>1 th in k s th a t som e f ru its and vegetab les are u n h e a lth y __</p><p>2 says th a t m o st c h ild re n p re fe r fa st fo o d __</p><p>3 eats v e ry l it t le f r u it __</p><p>4 is ve ry h ea lth y because he/she eats a lo t o f</p><p>f r u it s and vegetab les __</p><p>c L is t e n a g a in w it h th e a u d io s c r ip t o n p. 69.</p><p>U S E FU L W O R D S A N D P H R A S E S</p><p>L earn these w ords and phrases.</p><p>ca rbohyd ra te s /k a rb o o 'h a id re its /</p><p>p ro te in / 'p ro u t in /</p><p>aw ake /a'wexk/</p><p>o i ly /'o ili/</p><p>p o w e r fu l / 'p a o a rf l/</p><p>re laxed /n 'kekst/</p><p>s leepy / 's lip i/</p><p>s t re s s fu l / 'stresfl/</p><p>b e n e f ic ia l /b cn a 'f ijl/</p><p>ready-m ade fo o d /red i m e id 'fud/</p><p>6</p><p>The truth about</p><p>c</p><p>IB Family life</p><p>Happy families are all alike; every unhappy family</p><p>is unhappy in its own way.</p><p>First line o f Anna Karenina by Leo Tolstoy, Russian writer</p><p>1 G R A M M A R future forms</p><p>a C o m p le te th e se n ten ce s w it h th e c o r r e c t fo rm o f th e v e rb s o r p h ra se s o n th e r ig h t .</p><p>1 M y b ro th e r hates h is job. H e’s going to look fo r a n ew one.</p><p>2 D o n 't w o r ry abou t the d r in k s .___________________________ fo r them .</p><p>3 ___________________________ som e m o re co ffee .</p><p>4 D o you t h in k ___________________________ be fo re y o u ’re 30?</p><p>5 ___________________________ to m y c o u s in ’s w ed d in g . W e 'l l be on vaca tion .</p><p>6 A A r e y o u ready to o rde r?</p><p>B Y e s ,___________________________ the steak.</p><p>7 ___________________________ 21 o n m y n e x t b irthday .</p><p>8 ___________________________ fo r d in n e r to n ig h t. Y ou pa id la st t im e.</p><p>9 I ’m g o in g to the m a l l .___________________________ long.</p><p>10 a pa rty fo r m y g randm o the r’s 80 th b irthday tom orrow .</p><p>he / look for (an in ten tio n )</p><p>I / pay (an o ffe r)</p><p>I / make (an offer)</p><p>you / get married (a pred iction)</p><p>we / not go (an arrangem ent)</p><p>I / have (an in s ta n t dec is ion )</p><p>I / be (a fact)</p><p>we / pay (an o ffe r)</p><p>I / not be (a p rom ise )</p><p>we / have (an arrangem ent)</p><p>b C o m p le te th e d ia lo g u e s w ith th e c o r r e c t fu tu re fo rm o f th e v e rb s in pa ren th eses .</p><p>1 A Are you going away this weekend? (go away)</p><p>B No, we_________________ here. Why? (stay)</p><p>A We_________________ a barbecue. Would you like to come? (have)</p><p>2 A I'm too tired to cook. I____________some Chinese take-out food tonight, (order)</p><p>B Good idea. I____________the restaurant. What do you want for an appetizer? (call)</p><p>A I____________the spring rolls, please, (have)</p><p>3 A What tim e___________ you____________ in the morning? (leave)</p><p>B I_________________ the six o'clock train, (take)</p><p>A I____________you a ride to the train station, (give)</p><p>4 A What___________ you____________ tonight? (do)</p><p>B I______________________ the new James Bond movie. Do you want to come? (see)</p><p>A No, thanks. I’ve already seen it. You____________it! (love)</p><p>5 A I____________you with the dishes, (help)</p><p>B OK. I____________and you can dry. But please be careful with the glasses, (wash)</p><p>A Don’t worry. I____________anything! (not break)</p><p>7</p><p>2 each other</p><p>R e w r it e the se n ten ce s w it h each other.</p><p>1 M y b ro th e r ’s sh o u t in g at m y s is te r and she ’s sh o u tin g at h im .</p><p>M y b ro th e r and s is te r are shouting at each other .</p><p>2 R o b doesn 't k n o w A le x and A le x doesn ’ t k n o w R o b .</p><p>R o b and A le x _________________________________________________ .</p><p>3 I ’m no t sp e ak in g to m y s is te r and she is n ’t sp e a k in g to me.</p><p>M y s is te r and I ________________________________________________.</p><p>4 I d o n ’t u n de rs tand you and you d o n 't u n de rstand m e.</p><p>W e ___________________________________________________________ .</p><p>5 T h e coach re spects the p laye rs and they respect h im .</p><p>T h e co a ch and the p la y e rs____________________________________ .</p><p>3 P R O N U N C IA T IO N sentence stress</p><p>a ff liE E I lE ft i L is te n and co m p le te th e sen ten ces.</p><p>1 When are y o u g o in g to book y o u r vacation ?</p><p>2 I ’m _____________ go in g t o ______________ th e ______________yet.</p><p>3 I 'm g o in g t o ___________________________ .</p><p>4 _____________ are y o u ____________________________ ?</p><p>5 I ’m _____________ so m e ______________ .</p><p>6 I ’m ____________________________m y ______________ .</p><p>7 _____________ w i l l y o u ______________y o u r te s t______________?</p><p>8 1_____________ get th e m ____________________________ .</p><p>9 I ' l l _____________ th em o n ______________ .</p><p>b L is te n a g a in and repea t. C o p y th e r h y th m .</p><p>4 V O C A B U L A R Y family, adjectives of personality</p><p>a C o m p le te th e se n ten ce s w it h a f a m ily w o rd .</p><p>1 Y o u r m o th e r and fa the r are y o u r parents ,</p><p>2 Y o u r g rand fa the r’s fa ther is you r gr_________ -g r__________________</p><p>3 A c h ild w h o has no b ro th e rs o r s is te rs is an on_____________</p><p>ch___________ .</p><p>4 Y o u r b ro th e r ’s d augh te r is y o u r n _____________ .</p><p>5 Y o u r fa th e r ’s s is te r is y o u r a_____________ .</p><p>6 Y o u r spouse , c h ild re n , pa ren ts, and b ro th e rs and s is te rs</p><p>are y o u r im _____________ f ______________.</p><p>7 Y o u r fa th e r ’s new w ife is y o u r s_____________ .</p><p>8 Y o u r w ife 's o r h u sb and ’s fa th e r is y o u r</p><p>f _____________-i____ -I____________ 1 .</p><p>9 Y o u r aunts, u n c le s and c o u s in s are y o u r ex_____________</p><p>f___________ .</p><p>10 Y o u r b ro th e r 's o r s is te r's son is y o u r n_____________ .</p><p>b M a tc h th e c o m m e n ts w ith th e p e r s o n a lit y</p><p>a d je c t iv e s in th e bo x .</p><p>aggressive ambitious independent</p><p>jealous reliable se lf-confident selfish</p><p>sensible -spotted stubborn</p><p>1 “ W h e n I w a n t so m e th in g , m y pa ren ts</p><p>a lw ays g ive it to m e.”</p><p>spoiled_________________</p><p>2 “ I d o n ’t l ik e m y b o y fr ie n d ta lk in g to</p><p>o th e r w om en .”</p><p>3 “ I’m a lw ays there w hen m y fr ie nd s need</p><p>m y he lp .”</p><p>4 “T h o se a re m y pens and you can ’ t</p><p>b o r ro w them .”</p><p>5 “ I'm g o in g to go to bed early so I can sleep</p><p>w e ll be fo re m y test tom orrow '.”</p><p>6 “ I’ l l h it y o u i f you d o tha t a g a in !”</p><p>7 “ I fee l v e ry c o m fo rta b le w h e n I ’m sp</p><p>e ak in g</p><p>in p u b lic .”</p><p>8 “ I'd lik e to be the m anage r o f a b ig</p><p>m u lt in a t io n a l com pany.”</p><p>9 “T h a t ’s w h a t I t h in k and I’m n o t g o in g to</p><p>change m y m in d .”</p><p>10 “ I ’d p re fe r to do th is on m y o w n , th an k s .”</p><p>c W r it e th e o p p o s ite a d je c t ive s . U s e a</p><p>n e g a t iv e p r e f ix i f necessary .</p><p>1 generous cheap_____________</p><p>2 k in d ______________________</p><p>3 la zy</p><p>4 m a tu re ______________________</p><p>5 o rg a n ize d ______________________</p><p>6 sen s it ive ______________________</p><p>7 ta lka t iv e ______________________</p><p>8 c le an _____________________</p><p>8</p><p>5 R E A D IN G</p><p>a R e a d th e a r t ic le o n ce . W h y d o th e B e d o u in s p re fe r</p><p>to l iv e to g e th e r in a b ig f a m ily g ro u p ?</p><p>I Family can be an important part of a person's life,</p><p>and for some nationalities being close to your family</p><p>is more important than it is to others. For example,</p><p>families in Southern Europe are generally very close,</p><p>although in the past they spent even more time together.</p><p>This is also true of families in the Middle East. But it</p><p>is the Bedouin people who have the closest ties of all.</p><p>Extreme fam ily ties</p><p>Traditional Bedouin families live in large tents about half the size</p><p>o f a basketball court. The tents are divided into two sections: the</p><p>f irs t is fo r receiving guests in true Bedouin style - they have the</p><p>reputation o f being the world's most generous hosts. Visitors are</p><p>always served a big meal as soon as they arrive. The second part</p><p>o f the tent is the family's shared kitchen, living room, dining room,</p><p>and bedroom. They don't have tables and chairs, as the whole</p><p>family sits on the floor to eat. And instead o f beds, everybody</p><p>sleeps on mattresses, which are piled into a corner o f the room</p><p>during the day.</p><p>Several generations usually share the tent. The head o f the</p><p>family is the mother, and she is the one who gives the orders.</p><p>Her husband and her children live with her, even when the children</p><p>are married and have the ir own children. The sons and sons-in-law</p><p>look a fte r the animals, while the daughters and daughters-in-</p><p>law clean the tent, cook the meals, and take care o f the younger</p><p>grandchildren. The older ones are le ft to run around outside.</p><p>There may often be as many as 30 people under the same roof.</p><p>The few young people who have le ft the family to live in the city</p><p>visit their mothers nearly every day. It can be quite a surprise to</p><p>see a shiny new Mercedes pull up outside one o f the tents and</p><p>watch a well-dressed man get out to greet his relatives.</p><p>Bedouin people do not like to be separated from the ir families</p><p>and there is a very good reason why. If they are poor, sick, old, or</p><p>unemployed, it is the family that supports them. Elderly people are</p><p>never le ft alone, and problems are always shared. Children who</p><p>work in the city are often responsible fo r the ir families financially.</p><p>In this way, Bedouin families aren't just close; they are a lifeline.</p><p>b R e a d th e a r t ic le a g a in . C h o o s e th e c o r re c t a n sw e rs</p><p>a c c o rd in g to th e in fo rm a t io n g iven .</p><p>1 In the past, m o s t fa m ilie s in S o u th e rn E u ro p e and the</p><p>M id d le E a s t w e re ...</p><p>a sm a lle r. (b ) c loser. c r iche r.</p><p>2 T h e re is n ’t m u ch ... in a B e d o u in tent,</p><p>a fu rn itu re b lig h t c space</p><p>3 B e d o u in ... spend m o st o f the day in s ide ,</p><p>a m en b w om en c c h ild re n</p><p>4 Y o u n g B e d o u in s w h o liv e in the c it y . ..</p><p>a h a rd ly ever go hom e.</p><p>b d o n ’t e a rn m u ch m oney,</p><p>c d o n ’t lo se touch w ith th e ir fa m ilie s .</p><p>5 M e m b e rs o f a B e d o u in fa m ily h e lp each o th e r to . ..</p><p>a su rv iv e . b get a job. c choose c lo thes.</p><p>c L o o k a t th e h ig h l ig h te d w o rd s a n d p h ra se s . W h a t</p><p>d o y o u t h in k th e y m e an ? U s e y o u r d ic t io n a r y to lo o k</p><p>u p th e ir m e a n in g a n d p ro n u n c ia t io n .</p><p>6 L IS T E N IN G</p><p>a j g j g j g ) L is te n to a coup le , T e r ry an d Jane, ta lk in g</p><p>a b o u t g o in g to l iv e w it h th e in - la w s . W h a t d o th ey</p><p>d e c id e a t th e end o f th e c o n v e rs a t io n ?</p><p>b L is te n aga in an d m a rk the sen tences T (true) o r F (false).</p><p>1 T e r ry and Jane a re b o th v e ry t ired . X</p><p>2 T e rry is m ore o p t im is t ic about the fu tu re than jane. __</p><p>3 T e rry 's pa ren ts have suggested the fa m ily m ove</p><p>in w ith them .</p><p>4 T e rry says th a t i f they a l l liv e d together, h is</p><p>pa ren ts w o u ld babysit. __</p><p>5 Jane th in k s th a t the new p lan w o u ld m ean less</p><p>ho u sew o rk fo r her. __</p><p>6 Jane w o rr ie s tha t the g rand pa ren ts w o u ld s p o il</p><p>the ch ild re n .</p><p>c L is te n ag a in w it h th e a u d io s c r ip t o n p. 69 .</p><p>U S E FU L W O R D S A N D P H R A S E S</p><p>L e a rn th ese w ords and p hrases.</p><p>b o a rd in g sch oo l s ic k /sik/</p><p>/ 'bordrp sku l/ va lue /'vselyu/</p><p>c h ild h o o d t ja ik lh o d f ig h t /fa it/</p><p>gang lgsay aw are o f /a'wer av/</p><p>g a th e r in g /'gtedarit)/ n o w o n d e r /noo 'wAndar/</p><p>r iv a lr y / 'ra iv a lr i/</p><p>932^33) FILE 1</p><p>9</p><p>Practical English Meeting the parents</p><p>1 R E A C T IN G TO W H A T PEOPLE S A Y 3 R E A D IN G</p><p>C o m p le te th e d ia lo g u e s .</p><p>1 Ben Oh, 1 no ! I don’t 2 b_________ it!</p><p>Charlotte What’s wrong!</p><p>Ben I didn’t te ll my mom th a t you don’t eat meat.</p><p>Charlotte You’re 3 k_________ !</p><p>Ben No, I’m not. N ever4 m_________it ’ll te ll</p><p>her now.</p><p>Mom! Charlotte ’s a vegetarian.</p><p>Mom 5 R_________ ?</p><p>Charlotte Yes, but it isn’t a problem.</p><p>Mom What a 6 p_________ ! I made a meat</p><p>lasagna. But there's p lenty o f salad.</p><p>Charlotte That's fine. Thanks, Mrs. Lord.</p><p>2 Steve We have something to te ll you. We</p><p>found a house th a t we like.</p><p>Jill 7 H__________fantastic !</p><p>Steve And it isn't too expensive.</p><p>Jill That’s g re a t3 n_________ I Could I see it</p><p>some time?</p><p>Steve 9W_________ a great idea! I’ll call and</p><p>make an appointm ent.</p><p>2 S O C IA L E N G LIS H</p><p>C o m p le te the d ia lo g u e s w ith th e p h ra se s in the box .</p><p>a-really-niee-guy Go ahead How do you see I mean</p><p>How incredible Not really That’s because things like that</p><p>1 A What did you th ink o f my dad?</p><p>B He's a really nice guy .</p><p>2 A _______________your future?</p><p>B I th ink we’ll be very happy together.</p><p>3 A I hear you speak Spanish. Are you bilingual?</p><p>B _______________ . But I can speak it well.</p><p>4 A I’m sorry. I’m not very hungry.</p><p>B _______________you a te too much fo r lunch!</p><p>5 A You know, I th ink we went to the same school.</p><p>B ________________ !</p><p>6 A Can I have another piece o f chicken, please?</p><p>B ______________ . There’s more in the kitchen.</p><p>7 A What kind o f books do you read?</p><p>B Biographies, h istory books,_______________ .</p><p>8 A You wouldn't want to go to the concert w ith us.</p><p>B Yes, I would!_______________ , I love classical music.</p><p>a R e a d th e te x t an d a n sw e r th e q u e s t io n s .</p><p>In w h ic h p lace ...?</p><p>1 can you see a ce leb r ity Cafe Carlyle</p><p>2 do m usic ian s com e to hear other</p><p>m usic ians p e rfo rm _________________</p><p>3 can you hear in te rn a tiona l styles o f ja zz _________________</p><p>4 can you see w h a t ’s h appen ing o n lin e _________________</p><p>5 shou ld you buy a ticke t be fo re you go _________________</p><p>6 does the m u s ic f in is h very late _________________</p><p>New York is famous for its jazz, and for</p><p>music fans no trip to the city is complete</p><p>without a visit to one of the many jazz</p><p>venues. Here are four of the many places</p><p>you can go to hear jazz being performed.</p><p>Ja z z in</p><p>New ycrk</p><p>Barbes</p><p>Barbes is a bar and performance venue in the Park Slope neighborhood</p><p>of Brooklyn. Come here to listen to musical styles from all over</p><p>the world, such as Mexican, Lebanese, Romanian, and</p><p>Venezuelan</p><p>along with traditional American styles. Usually $10 to get in.</p><p>55 Bar</p><p>Located in Greenwich Village, this small club, which started in 1919,</p><p>has a very interesting history. Cometo hear jazz guitarists play,</p><p>and expect to see lots of serious jazz fans and music students from</p><p>local colleges and music schools. Usually $10-20.</p><p>Smalls</p><p>This club was created in 1994, but has already become very</p><p>famous in New York because well-known players such as Norah</p><p>Jones began their careers here. The club closed in 2002, but</p><p>opened again in 2004, with a more comfortable room and a website</p><p>that features live streaming video o f all performances. It opens</p><p>from 4 p.m. to 4 a.m. $20 to get in.</p><p>Cafe Carlyle</p><p>Come to the first floor ofthe famous Carlyle Hotel to visit the Cafe</p><p>Carlyle. It’s particularly worth going on Monday nights - not only will</p><p>you hear jazz from the Eddy Davis New Orleans Jazz Band, but you</p><p>will also hear the famous movie director Woody Allen play with them.</p><p>As well as being a director, Woody Allen is also a jazz musician. Sets at</p><p>8:45. The venue holds only 90 and is often sold out, so it’s a good idea</p><p>to book ahead. But it isn't cheap - tickets start at $100.</p><p>b U n d e r lin e f iv e w o rd s o r p h ra se s y o u d o n ’t kn o w . U se y o u r</p><p>d ic t io n a ry to lo o k u p th e ir m e a n in g and p ro n u n c ia t io n .</p><p>1 V O C A B U L A R Y money</p><p>a C o m p le te th e se n ten ce s w it h th e c o r r e c t v e rb</p><p>in pa ren th eses .</p><p>1 M y s is te r wastes a lo t o f m oney on c lo thes she</p><p>never wears, (wastes / saves)</p><p>2 I c a n 't___________________ to b u y a house o f m y ow n.</p><p>(pay / a ffo rd )</p><p>3 Y o u ’ l l have t o ___________________a lo t o f m oney i f you</p><p>w an t to trave l a roun d the w o r ld n ex t year, (cost / save)</p><p>4 K e v in ___________________ about $ 2 ,5 0 0 a m o n th at h is</p><p>new job. (w in s / earns)</p><p>5 T h a t p a in t in g ___________________ a lo t o f money.</p><p>(charges / is w orth )</p><p>6 M y uncle is d o in g a b ike r id e t o ___________________</p><p>m oney fo r cha rity , (raise / save)</p><p>7 W e s t i l l___________________ the b a n k a lo t o f money.</p><p>(owe / earn)</p><p>8 M a r y ___________________$ 5 ,0 0 0 fro m he r g rand fa the r</p><p>w hen he d ied, ( inhe rited / invested)</p><p>9 T h e p lu m b e r___________________ m e $ 2 5 0 to f ix m y</p><p>shower, (cost / charged)</p><p>10 C a n y o u ___________________m e $ 2 0 0 u n t i l I get pa id?</p><p>(b o rro w / lend)</p><p>b C o m p le te th e se n ten ce s w it h th e c o r r e c t p re p o s it io n .</p><p>1 I’l l pay fo r the m ov ie t icke ts i f you get the snacks!</p><p>2 T h e y charged us $ 5 ______________ a bo tt le o f water.</p><p>3 T h e y g o t______________ debt w hen they bough t th e ir</p><p>new house.</p><p>4 W e bo rrow ed som e m o n e y ______________m y parents.</p><p>5 M y g randpa ren ts a lw ays p a y ______________ cash.</p><p>6 I don 't m in d le nd in g m o n e y ______________ fam ily .</p><p>7 T h e y spen t a lo t o f m o n e y______________ th e ir son's</p><p>education .</p><p>8 C a n I p a y ______________ c re d it ca rd?</p><p>9 P h i l in vested a l l h is m o n e y ______________ h is</p><p>o w n com pany.</p><p>C o m p le te th e a d v e r t is e m e n t w ith th e w o rd s in th e bo x .</p><p>ATM ben k-aeeo tm f bills coin loan</p><p>mortgage salary taxes</p><p>W hafs so good about</p><p>CASH Internet Banking pic</p><p>OUR ACCOUNT SERVICES</p><p>Open a 1 b a n k a c c o u n t with us and we'll give</p><p>you a free g ift - you'll get a tablet com puter if</p><p>you earn over $3,000 a month. Consult our online</p><p>service 24/7 and use your card in th e 2____________</p><p>of any bank to take out as much or as little money as</p><p>you want. Do you have a lot o f change? Use our free</p><p>3____________counter and deposit the total directly</p><p>into your savings account. Does your company pay</p><p>y o u r4____________directly into the bank? Then we</p><p>w on 't charge you anything fo r your card. We’ll even</p><p>pay all y o u r5____________ for you, free o f charge.</p><p>OUR FINANCING SERVICES</p><p>Do you need to borrow money for a car, a vacation,</p><p>or a new laptop? We'll give you a 6____________ of</p><p>up to $10,000 fo r whatever you want to buy.</p><p>And how about a new house? We can give you a</p><p>7____________at one o f the lowest interest rates</p><p>on the market.</p><p>OUR EXTRA SERVICES</p><p>How much do you pay in 8____________? Talk to</p><p>our specialists to make sure you're paying the right</p><p>amount - they can help you pay less.</p><p>Come to CASH Internet for the best accounts, the</p><p>best services, and the best savings.</p><p>11</p><p>2A Spend or save?</p><p>When a man te l ls you he g o t rich th rough</p><p>hard w ork, ask him: Whose?</p><p>Don Marquis, US Writer</p><p>2 P R O N U N C IA T IO N the letter o 4 R E A D IN G</p><p>a (C irc le ) th e w o rd w ith a d if fe re n t sound .</p><p>1 A</p><p>up</p><p>2</p><p>i</p><p>clock</p><p>3 ( J Q S</p><p>phone horse bird</p><p>money honest done afford work</p><p>nothing shopping owe worse world</p><p>(soldj) dollar go store short</p><p>won clothes loan mortgage w orth</p><p>b L is te n and ch e ck . T h e n lis te n a g a in and repea t</p><p>th e w o rd s .</p><p>3 G R A M M A R present perfect and simple past</p><p>a (^Trcle) th e c o r re c t answ er.</p><p>1 \(haye neverowedj)/ never owed any m oney to the b a n k in m y life.</p><p>2 T h e y have charged / charged us to o m uch fo r o u r m ea l la st n ight.</p><p>3 I k n o w som e great cheap p laces to stay in Seou l. I've been / 1 went</p><p>there a few tim es .</p><p>4 Pau l hasn’t inherited / didn’t inherit a n y th in g f ro m h is</p><p>g ra n d m o th e r w hen she d ied.</p><p>5 You’ve lent I you lent h im m oney so m any tim es , bu t he never</p><p>pays you back!</p><p>6 H o w m u ch has your TV cost / did your TV cost?</p><p>7 H o w m a n y t im e s have you wasted / did you waste m oney on</p><p>c lo th es you never w ear?</p><p>8 I haven’t had / didn’t have any co in s , so I co u ld n 't pu t any m oney</p><p>in the p a rk in g m eter.</p><p>9 Have you ever invested / Didyou ever invest any m oney in a com pany?</p><p>10 M y g ir l f r ie n d has a h ig h -p a y in g job . She has earned / earned</p><p>$ 8 5 ,0 0 0 la s t year.</p><p>b C o m p le te th e d ia lo g u e s w it h th e c o r r e c t fo rm o f th e v e rb s in</p><p>p a ren th eses .</p><p>1 A When did your son buy his car? (buy!</p><p>B When he___________ his driving te s t last month, (pass)</p><p>2 A How much m oney_________ yo u_________ from your sister</p><p>yesterday? (borrow)</p><p>B About $100, but I already__________________ it all. (spend)</p><p>3 A _________ you_________ a new house yet? (find)</p><p>B Yes, and the bank__________________ to give me a mortgage.</p><p>(agree)</p><p>4 A _________ you ever_________ any money to a friend? (lend)</p><p>B Only to my boyfriend when h e _________ a new phone, (need)</p><p>5 A _________ your m other_________ an appointm ent w ith the</p><p>doctor yet? (make)</p><p>B Yes, she_________ him yesterday and she’s seeing him</p><p>tomorrow, (call)</p><p>a R e a d the f ir s t ch a p te r o f a b o o k ab o u t D a n ie l</p><p>S u e lo once . W h e re d id he d e c id e to liv e ?</p><p>1 w ith fr ie n d s L II 3 in the c o u n try</p><p>2 w ith fa m ily L H 4 in a c ity</p><p>The man who</p><p>quit money</p><p>In the firs t year o f the tw enty-first</p><p>century, a man standing by a busy</p><p>road in the middle o f the United</p><p>States took his life savings out o f</p><p>his pocket - $30 - laid it inside a</p><p>phone booth, and walked away.</p><p>He was 39 years old, came from</p><p>a good family, and had been to</p><p>college. He was not mentally ill,</p><p>nor did he have any problems</p><p>w ith drugs or alcohol. The decision was</p><p>made by a man who knew exactly what he was doing.</p><p>In the twelve years since then, as the stock market</p><p>has risen and fallen, Daniel Suelo has not earned,</p><p>received, or spent a single dollar. In an era when</p><p>anyone who could sign his name could get a</p><p>mortgage, Suelo did not apply fo r loans. As public</p><p>debt rose to eight, ten, and finally th irteen trillion</p><p>dollars, he did not pay taxes, or accept any type of</p><p>help from the government.</p><p>Instead he went to live in a cave in Utah, where he</p><p>picks fru it and wild onions, collects animals tha t have</p><p>been killed on the road, takes old food tha t has</p><p>gone past its sell-by date out o f trash cans, and is</p><p>often fed by friends and strangers. “My philosophy</p><p>is to use only what is freely given or d isca rdedhe</p><p>writes. While the rest o f us try to deal w ith taxes,</p><p>mortgages, retirement plans, and bank accounts,</p><p>Suelo no longer even has an ID card.</p><p>Daniel is not a typical tramp. He often works - but</p><p>refuses to be paid. Although he lives in a cave,</p><p>he is extremely social, remains close to friends</p><p>and family, and has discussions w ith strangers on</p><p>his website which he checks a t the local library.</p><p>He has ridden his bike long distances, traveled on</p><p>fre igh t trains, hitchhiked through nearly every state</p><p>in the United States, worked on a fishing boat,</p><p>collected mussels from Pacific beaches, caught</p><p>salmon in streams in Alaska, and spent three</p><p>months living in a tree a fte r a storm.</p><p>“ I know it ’s possible to live w ith zero money” Suelo</p><p>declares. And he says you can live well.</p><p>12</p><p>b R e a d th e ch a p te r a g a in and ch o o se th e c o r re c t an sw e rs .</p><p>1 W h a t do w e le a rn abou t the m an in the f ir s t</p><p>p a rag raph?</p><p>a H e had ju s t le ft schoo l.</p><p>(b) H e had th ou gh t abou t h is a c t io n s ca re fu lly ,</p><p>c H e had had a d i f f ic u lt c h ild h o o d .</p><p>2 W h a t has D a n ie l S u e lo done s in ce he changed h is life ?</p><p>a H e has go tten in to debt.</p><p>b H e has b ou gh t a house,</p><p>c H e h a sn ’t used any m oney.</p><p>3 H o w does he get enough to eat?</p><p>a H e f in d s food .</p><p>b H is fa m ily c o o k s fo r h im .</p><p>c H e bu ys food .</p><p>4 W h a t 's D a n ie l S u e lo lik e ?</p><p>a H e 's shy.</p><p>b H e 's lazy,</p><p>c H e 's ou tgo ing .</p><p>5 H o w does he get f ro m one p lace to ano the r?</p><p>a H e r id e s h is b ik e eve ryw here .</p><p>b H e uses d if fe re n t m e thod s o f t ra n sp o rta t io n ,</p><p>c H e a lw ays uses t ra in s .</p><p>c L o o k a t th e h ig h l ig h te d w o rd s and p h ra se s . W h a t do</p><p>y o u t h in k th e y m e an ? U se y o u r d ic t io n a r y to lo o k up</p><p>th e ir m e a n in g and p ro n u n c ia t io n .</p><p>d C o m p le te th e se n ten ce s w it h o n e o f th e h ig h lig h te d</p><p>w o rd s o r p h ra ses .</p><p>1 C le a n fre sh w a te r o ften com es f ro m m o u n ta in</p><p>streams .</p><p>2 It’s im p o rta n t to have a ________________________ fo r</p><p>w hen you get old.</p><p>3 T h e g ian t f is h scu lp tu re s in R io w ere m ade u s in g</p><p>p la s t ic bo ttle s.</p><p>4 T h e early n in e teen th ce n tu ry w as an im p o rta n t</p><p>fo r opera.</p><p>5 H e has shares in som e com pan ies , so he ’s in terested in</p><p>w ha t happens on th e ________________________ .</p><p>6 Y ou m ig h t get s ic k i f you eat fo o d a fte r i t s ____________-</p><p>5 L IS T E N IN G</p><p>a j H g p L is te n to fo u r sp e a k e rs t a lk in g ab o u t</p><p>h o w th ey m a n a g e o n th e ir in c o m e s . M a t c h the</p><p>sp e a k e rs w it h th e ir s itu a t io n .</p><p>Speake r 1 _d_</p><p>Speake r 2 __</p><p>Speake r 3 __</p><p>Speake r 4 _</p><p>a a s in g le pa ren t</p><p>b a fa m ily w ith c h ild re n</p><p>c a s in g le re t ire d p e rso n on a pen s io n</p><p>d a y o u n g pe rson w ho liv e s w ith</p><p>h is / he r pa ren ts</p><p>b L is te n a g a in and m a rk th e sen ten ces T (true) o r F (false).</p><p>Speaker 1</p><p>1 H e doe sn ’t e a rn m u ch m oney. F_</p><p>2 H e saves m o s t o f h is sa lary . __</p><p>Speaker 2</p><p>3 She do e sn ’t o w n the house w here she lives.</p><p>4 She th in k s m oney is m o re im p o rta n t th an fam ily . __</p><p>Speaker 3</p><p>5 H e ca n ’t liv e o n h is in com e . __</p><p>6 H e is n ’t in debt. __</p><p>Speaker 4</p><p>7 She o n ly w o rk s in a s to re on the w eekends. __</p><p>8 She spends m o st o f her m oney o n he r c h ild re n . __</p><p>c L is te n a g a in w it h th e a u d io s c r ip t o n p. 69.</p><p>U S E FU L W O R D S A N D P H R A S E S</p><p>L e a rn th ese w ords and p hrases.</p><p>backer /'b iekar/</p><p>b i l l io n a ir e / 'b ilyansr/</p><p>b rand /briend/</p><p>cu s to m e r /'kAstam sr/</p><p>e n tre p re n e u ria l /an trap ra 'na ria l/</p><p>lo w -p a y in g / lo o 'perynj/</p><p>re je c t io n /r i'd 3ekjh /</p><p>sa le sm an / 'se ilzm an/</p><p>se lf-m ade /ss lf 'm e id /</p><p>w ea lth y /'welO i/</p><p>13</p><p>O n ly I can chang e m y life . No o ne e ls e can do it fo r me.</p><p>Carol Burnett, US actress & comedian</p><p>2B Changing lives</p><p>1 G R A M M A R present perfect</p><p>simple + fo r / since ; present</p><p>perfect continuous</p><p>a W r it e th e w o rd s an d p h ra se s in th e b o x in</p><p>th e c o r r e c t c o lu m n .</p><p>-2095- a long time a week March six months</p><p>I was litt le the last tw o days Tuesday</p><p>years and years you las t called</p><p>fo r s in ce</p><p>2005</p><p>b C o m p le te th e se n ten ce s w it h th e p re sen t</p><p>p e r fe c t fo rm o f th e v e rb in p a re n th e se s and</p><p>f o r o r since.</p><p>1 Ive had m y ca r fo r about a m onth ,</p><p>(have)</p><p>2 M y m o m ___________________ s ic k __________</p><p>last F riday, (be)</p><p>3 W e ___________________ each o the r</p><p>__________w e w ere in schoo l, (know )</p><p>4 H e ___________________ fo r the same</p><p>co m p a n y ______________ five years, (work)</p><p>5 T h e y __________________ in M ia m i</p><p>__________ they got m anned, (live)</p><p>6 M y p a re n ts___________________ away</p><p>__________ fo r th ree days, (be)</p><p>7 I___________________ to go to A u s tra lia</p><p>__________a lo ng tim e , (want)</p><p>8 S h e ___________________to me</p><p>__________la st year, (not speak)</p><p>c C o m p le te the d ia lo g u e s w ith the p re sen t p e r fe c t c o n t in u o u s fo rm</p><p>o f th e verbs.</p><p>1 A Have you heard Heather’s new band?</p><p>B No. Have they been playing</p><p>together fo r a long time? (they / play)</p><p>2 A How long was your flight?</p><p>B Twelve hours.______________________</p><p>all day. (we / travel)</p><p>3 A My brother has a very good job in New York City.</p><p>B Really? How long____________________</p><p>____________________ there? (he / work)</p><p>4 A Diana finally found a new apartment!</p><p>B Oh good!___________________________</p><p>one fo r so long! (she / look for)</p><p>5 A Why does Eric's teacher want to see you?</p><p>B ____________________________________</p><p>his homework lately, (he / not do)</p><p>6 A You’re late.</p><p>B Yes, I know. Sorry.__________________</p><p>_______________ long? (you / wait)</p><p>7 A You look exhausted.</p><p>B ______________________________________</p><p>the kids all day! (I / take care of)</p><p>1 H o w lo ng have you lived / haveyou been living ab road? /</p><p>2 I ’ve studied j(fy eb een studying) C h in e s e fo r tw o years.</p><p>3 H a n n a h has had / has been having the sam e b o y fr ie n d s in ce she w as</p><p>in schoo l.</p><p>4 H o w lo ng has Mark played / has Mark been playing the bass gu ita r?</p><p>5 He’s worked / He’s been working at th is schoo l s ince he started teach ing.</p><p>6 I ’ve known / I ’ve been knowing y o u fo r years.</p><p>7 We’ve gone / We've been going to the sam e den tis t s ince w e w ere k ids.</p><p>8 You’ve worn / You've been wearing th a t coa t fo r years!</p><p>14</p><p>(C irc le ) the c o r re c t fo rm . I f b o th fo rm s are poss ib le , ch e ck ( / ) th e sentence.</p><p>2 PR O N U N C IA TIO N sentence stress</p><p>a</p><p>b</p><p>3</p><p>a</p><p>b</p><p>c</p><p>d</p><p>f f lI E f i lSSl. L is te n and c o m p le te the sentences.</p><p>1 I ’ve been traveling a l l day .</p><p>2 H o w ______________ have they been go in g</p><p>______________ toge ther?</p><p>3 She ’s been______________ s ick s in ce______________</p><p>4 T h e y ______________ b e e n _______________ here</p><p>fo r long.</p><p>5 W e 've b e e n ______________ the house</p><p>a l l ______________ .</p><p>6 1______________ b e e n _______________w e ll lately.</p><p>L is te n a g a in an d re pea t th e sen ten ces. C o p y</p><p>th e r h y th m .</p><p>R E A D IN G</p><p>R ea d the a r t ic le on ce and m a tch p h o to s 1 -3 w ith</p><p>p a ra g ra p h s A - C .</p><p>R e a d th e a r t ic le ag a in . A n s w e r th</p><p>e q u e s t io n s</p><p>w it h th e le tte rs A , B , o r C .</p><p>W h ic h o rg a n iz a t io n . ..?</p><p>1 takes peop le fo r tw o w eeks o r a m o n th _B_</p><p>2 encou rages s ig h tse e in g _</p><p>3 o ffe rs a c co m m o d a t io n s in tents</p><p>4 says w h a t vo lu n te e rs sh o u ld b r in g __</p><p>5 g ives vo lu n te e rs free a fte rn o o n s _</p><p>6 le ts vo lu n te e rs stay w ith o the rs in a hu t __</p><p>7 a rranges a c com m od a t io n s w ith lo c a l peop le _</p><p>8 o n ly needs vo lun tee rs fo r p a r t o f the yea r __</p><p>L o o k a t th e h ig h l ig h te d w o rd s and ph ra ses .</p><p>W h a t d o y o u t h in k th ey m e an ? C h e c k w ith</p><p>y o u r d ic t io n a ry .</p><p>C o m p le te th e se n ten ce s w it h o n e o f the</p><p>h ig h l ig h te d w o rd s o r p h ra ses .</p><p>1 M y lit t le n iece o n ly w a n ts to p lay on the</p><p>_______swing_______ w h e n w e go to the park.</p><p>2 I fy o u a ll_______________________________</p><p>____________________ , w e 'll be ab le to buy o u r</p><p>co lle ague a n ice go ing -aw ay p resent.</p><p>3 I’d ra th e r see a n im a ls i n ____________________</p><p>than in a zoo.</p><p>4 T h e s ch o o l is o rg a n iz in g an a fte r-s ch o o l c lub</p><p>f o r ____________________ c h ild re n in the area.</p><p>5 T h e peop le w a it in g fo r the buses w ere s ta n d in g</p><p>unde rnea th th e ____________________because it</p><p>w as ra in in g .</p><p>6 W e ’re m o v in g to a new house th is weekend. C a n</p><p>you com e a n d __________________________________</p><p>____________________ w ith the p a ck ing ?</p><p>Do you want to be</p><p>a volunteer?</p><p>A T h e B ook Bus</p><p>Do you enjoy reading? Do you like children? Then why not volunteer fo r</p><p>our mobile library service in Zambia? We work with underprivileged</p><p>children in public elementary schools, and it's a lot o f fun. We read</p><p>stories, do art projects, and organize activities to help the children</p><p>learn English. A fter breakfast at 7 a.m., we head to our f irs t school in</p><p>time fo r the beginning o f the school day. Every morning we visit a t least</p><p>four schools, and we spend about an hour in each one. We get back to</p><p>our campsite at around 2 p.m. fo r lunch, and after tha t you have the</p><p>afternoon free to relax or prepare activities. The project takes place</p><p>from May to September, and it’s open to everyone. Volunteers have to</p><p>pay fo r the ir own flight and make a contribution to the project.</p><p>B T h e G re a t O ra n g u ta n P ro je c t</p><p>Are you an animal lover? If you are, then you should come to Kubah</p><p>National Park in Borneo. We need people to help us take care o f our</p><p>orangutans. Unfortunately, you won't be able to touch the animals</p><p>because they are being prepared to be released into the wild, but you’ll</p><p>work very close to them. You'll spend your time in the Wildlife Center</p><p>repairing the shelters where the orangutans live, or building new ones.</p><p>You might have to make a swing, or install some ropes where the animals</p><p>can play. You’ll share a room in a wooden hut tha t looks out onto the</p><p>rainforest. The program lasts fo r two or four weeks and i t costs $1,935 or</p><p>$2,820 respectively, excluding flights.</p><p>C C o n s tru c tio n in Peru</p><p>Are you good a t making things? If you are, and you’d like to take part in</p><p>a construction project, how about corning to Peru to lend a hand? You’ll</p><p>be based in Cuzco in southeastern Peru, and you'll be involved in the</p><p>construction o f a small school, and a community center or an orphanage.</p><p>You may have to paint and make repairs to existing buildings, or build</p><p>new ones in and around the city. You’ll live w ith a Peruvian family, and</p><p>you'll eat all your meals together in the ir house. All o f the houses have</p><p>electricity and running water, but you'll have to go to an Internet cafe in</p><p>Cuzco if you want to go online. You are expected to work from Monday</p><p>to Friday, and on the weekends you can explore some o f the fantastic</p><p>sights in the region. Please bring your own work clothes.</p><p>4 V O C A B U L A R Y strong adjectives</p><p>a C o m p le te th e ad je c t iv e fo r e ach p ic tu re .</p><p>1 S h e ’s ab so lu te ly</p><p>f reezing.</p><p>3 T h e y ’re re a lly</p><p>e___________________ .</p><p>b C o m p le te the sen tences w ith a s t ro n g ad jective .</p><p>1 A Are you sure the meeting is today?</p><p>B Yes, I'm absolutely p o s it iv e .</p><p>2 A Is your boyfriend’s apartm ent small?</p><p>B Yes, it's really___________ .</p><p>3 A Were your parents angry about your tes t scores?</p><p>B Yes, they w ere___________ .</p><p>4 A Is your sister afraid of insects?</p><p>B Yes, she’s absolu te ly___________ o f them.</p><p>5 A Were you surprised when you passed your</p><p>driving test?</p><p>B Yes, I was rea lly___________ .</p><p>6 A Were the kids hungry when they arrived?</p><p>B Yes, they were abso lu te ly__________ .</p><p>b L is te n a g a in a n d a n sw e r th e q u e s t io n s .</p><p>1 W h a t d id J.D . L e w is use to do?</p><p>H e used to be a n a c to r .</p><p>2 H o w o ld a re the ch ild re n ?</p><p>3 H o w m u ch is the t r ip g o in g to cost?</p><p>4 W h a t ’s the n am e o f h is o rg a n iza t io n ?</p><p>5 W h a t d id they do in T h a ila n d ?</p><p>6 H o w d id they he lp the c h ild re n in R w anda?</p><p>7 W h o d id they he lp in K enya?</p><p>8 W h a t does J. D . L e w is hope h is o rg a n iz a t io n w i l l do</p><p>in the fu tu re ?</p><p>c L is te n a g a in w it h th e a u d io s c r ip t o n p. 70.</p><p>USEFUL W O RDS A N D PH R A SES</p><p>L e a rn th ese w ords and phrases.</p><p>b lis te rs / 'b lis ta rz /</p><p>c h a r ity AJ'terati/</p><p>k ayak /'ka itek/</p><p>ache /e ik/</p><p>ta rget / 'ta rga t/</p><p>m e lt /melt/</p><p>padd le /'predl/</p><p>r is k y / 'r is k i/</p><p>go fo rw a rd /goo 'forward/</p><p>sp o n so r p ro je c ts / 'sponsor 'p ra d 3sk ts /</p><p>G j£ l0 FILE 2</p><p>16</p><p>2 It ’s d___________________ !</p><p>4 H e ’s h___________________ .</p><p>5 It ’s ab so lu te ly</p><p>en___________________ .</p><p>6 T h e y ’re</p><p>f ___________________.</p><p>5 L IS T E N IN G</p><p>a L is te n to a n e w s s to ry a b o u t a n A m e r ic a n</p><p>fa m ily w h o is t r a v e lin g a ro u n d th e w o r ld d o in g</p><p>v o lu n te e r w o rk . C h e c k ( / ) th e p la ce s th e y have</p><p>a lre a d y v is ite d .</p><p>1 A u s t ra lia [ZJ</p><p>2 A n ta r c t ic a L d</p><p>3 C h in a</p><p>4 H a it i</p><p>5 In d ia</p><p>6 K en ya</p><p>7 Pa raguay LU</p><p>8 Pe ru</p><p>9 R u ss ia</p><p>10 R w a n d a</p><p>11 T h a ila n d [</p><p>12 Z a n z ib a r L d</p><p>1 V O C A B U L A R Y transportation</p><p>a C o m p le te th e c ro s sw o rd .</p><p>b C o m p le te th e c o m p o u n d n o u n s w it h one w o rd .</p><p>1 D o n ’t fo rget to pu t y o u r seat b e lt on.</p><p>2 Y o u ’ l l get a ______________ ticke t i f you leave y o u r ca r there.</p><p>3 S o r ry w e 're late. W e w ere s tuck in a ______________ jam</p><p>dow n tow n .</p><p>4 W e go t he ld up by th e ______________ w o rk o n the freeway.</p><p>5 I w ish b ike r id e rs w o u ld use th e ______________ lane instead</p><p>o f the s idew a lk .</p><p>6 W e need to f i l l up at th e ______________ sta tio n before</p><p>w e leave.</p><p>7 T ra f f ic is a lw ays w orse d u r in g ______________ hour.</p><p>8 T h e re aren 't any cabs w a it in g a t th e ______________ stand.</p><p>9 S lo w dow n ! T h e re a re ______________ cam eras o n th is road.</p><p>10 W e s topped a t t h e ______________ lig h t and w a ite d fo r it to</p><p>tu rn green.</p><p>2 P R O N U N C IA T IO N /J/, d3/, and/tj/</p><p>a ( C ir c le ) th e w o rd w it h a d if fe re n t so u n d .</p><p>1 f t *</p><p>if- 2 J 3 1</p><p>'d fc</p><p>jazz shower jazz chess</p><p>dangerous crash check-in chem istry</p><p>bridge seat belt passenger catch</p><p>(rush) sta tion tra ffic jam departure</p><p>L is te n a n d ch e ck . T h e n l is te n ag a in</p><p>a n d re p e a t th e w o rd s .</p><p>17</p><p>Clues across</p><p>1 It’s a la rge veh ic le th a t c a rr ie s passengers and stops</p><p>re g u la r ly to le t th em o n and o ff.</p><p>3 It’s w he re you w a it fo r a t r a in at a t ra in sta tion .</p><p>6 It’s a fast road w here t r a f f ic can trave l lo ng d istances</p><p>be tw een la</p><p>rge to w n s o r c ities .</p><p>8 It’s b igge r th an a ca r b u t sm a lle r th an a tru ck .</p><p>9 It’s a typ e o f ra ilw a y system th a t tra ve ls u n d e r the g round .</p><p>Clues down</p><p>2 It ’s a lik e a m o to rcy c le bu t less p o w e rfu l.</p><p>4 It ’s a ty p e o f sm a ll t ra in tha t m oves b y e le c tr ic ity a long</p><p>sp e c ia l ra ils .</p><p>5 It's v e ry lo n g and used fo r t ra n sp o r t in g peop le o r</p><p>th in g s b y ra il.</p><p>7 It’s used fo r tra n sp o r t in g large quan titie s o f th in g s b y road.</p><p>3A Race across Florida</p><p>A good tra ve le r has no fixed plans.</p><p>Lao Tzu, Taoist Philosopher</p><p>3 G R A M M A R comparatives and superlatives</p><p>a Com plete the sentences with one word.</p><p>1 G a s is n 't as e xpens ive in the U S as it is in the U K .</p><p>2 M y fa th e r d r iv e s m o re s lo w ly _____________ m y m other.</p><p>3 T h e y sa id tha t today w a s _____________ ho ttes t day o f the year.</p><p>4 L e t 's go b y t ra in . I t ’s _____________ co m fo rta b le th an th e bus.</p><p>5 T h is is t h e _____________ f l ig h t I’ve ever been on . I ’ l l never f ly w ith</p><p>th is a ir l in e aga in .</p><p>6 I t h in k t ra in s a r e _____________ dange rou s th a n cars. T h e re are</p><p>few er acc idents.</p><p>7 It ’s _____________ to go by subw ay th an by bus. Buses are m u ch slow er.</p><p>8 T h e 4 0 5 is t h e _____________ cro w d ed freew ay in C a lifo rn ia .</p><p>9 You 're at the Shera ton? W e 're stav ing a t the same h o te l_____________ you.</p><p>10 W h y d o n ’t w e r id e o u r b ike s? It’s t h e _____________ expens ive w ay</p><p>to trave l.</p><p>b W r it e sen ten ces w ith th e in fo rm a t io n f r o m th e su rvey . U s e the</p><p>co m p a ra t iv e o r th e supe r la t ive .</p><p>W here to go?</p><p>We reveal the results from our reader survey o f three popular vacation destinations.</p><p>Cancun</p><p>(Mexico)</p><p>Beijing</p><p>(China)</p><p>Sydney</p><p>(Australia)</p><p>It's cheap.</p><p>It’s crowded.</p><p>It’s easy to get to.</p><p>It’s exciting.</p><p>It's hot.</p><p>It's relaxing.</p><p>1 C a n c u n / cheap / B e ij in g</p><p>Cancun is cheaper than Beijing.____________</p><p>2 B e ij in g / c ro w d ed / o f the th ree d e s t in a t io n s</p><p>c R e w r ite the c o m p a ra t iv e sen ten ces in b</p><p>u s in g (not) a s ... as.</p><p>1 expensive (sentence 1)</p><p>Cancun isn’t as expensive as Beijing.</p><p>2 difficu lt (sentence 3)</p><p>3 exciting (sentence 4)</p><p>4 cold (sentence 5)</p><p>—</p><p>4 P R O N U N C IA T IO N linking</p><p>a L is te n an d c o m p le te the</p><p>sen ten ces.</p><p>1 T h e most relaxing w ay to</p><p>tra ve l is b y tra in .</p><p>2 T h e seven h o u rs in the a irp o r t w as</p><p>th e _____________________________ p a rt</p><p>o f the vaca tion .</p><p>3 T h e _____________________________</p><p>p lace to v is it is the m useum .</p><p>4 F ly in g is a lo t ______________</p><p>______________ th an g o in g b y bus.</p><p>5 T h e y sh ou ld have the p a rty a t th e ir</p><p>house. I t ’s m u ch b ig g e r______________</p><p>6 S co o te rs a re n 't______________</p><p>m o to rcyc le s .</p><p>b L is t e n a g a in an d re p e a t th e sen ten ces.</p><p>L is t e n c a re fu l ly to th e l in k e d w o rd s .</p><p>C o p y th e r h y th m .</p><p>3 B e ij in g / easy to get to / Sydney</p><p>4 S ydney / e x c it in g / C a n cu n</p><p>5 S ydney / h o t / B e ij in g</p><p>6 S ydney / re la x in g / o f the th ree d e s t in a t io n s</p><p>18</p><p>5 R E A D IN G</p><p>a R e a d th e a r t ic le o n ce . W h ic h is th e o ld e s t fo rm</p><p>o f t r a n s p o r ta t io n ?</p><p>Unusual ways of</p><p>getting around</p><p>Bam boo trains</p><p>This is the best way to see rural Cambodia. A bamboo train, or nori</p><p>as the locals call it, is a bamboo platform on wheels that travels</p><p>along tracks. It's powered by an engine, and it can reach a speed of</p><p>25 miles per hour. Passengers sit on a grass mat on the nori. Noris</p><p>may not be as comfortable as conventional trains, butthey're</p><p>certainly a lot cheaper. Pick up a nori from Battambang Station,</p><p>but rememberto agree on a price before you get on.</p><p>Totora reed boats</p><p>These boats have been around</p><p>for centuries. They are made</p><p>from the reeds that grow on the</p><p>banks o f Lake Titicaca, one of the</p><p>largest lakes in South America.</p><p>As well as making boats from totora reeds, the local people use</p><p>them to make their houses, which they build on floating islands.</p><p>Totora reed boats are still used for hunting and fishing, but today</p><p>some of the local people transport people across the lake in them.</p><p>Traveling on a reed boat among the floating islands ofthe lake</p><p>is a must for visitors to Peru.</p><p>Jeepney</p><p>A jeepney is the most common</p><p>form of public transportation in</p><p>the Philippines. They are made</p><p>out o f the jeeps left on the islands</p><p>by the American army at the end</p><p>of World War II. People gave the jeeps a roof, put in two long seats</p><p>on either side and painted them, turning them into small buses.</p><p>Jeepneys have open windows instead of air conditioning. They're</p><p>often packed with passengers and there are no bus stops-the</p><p>driverjust slows down to let the passengers jump on and off.</p><p>Dog sleds</p><p>Dog sledding is a unique</p><p>experience because it's</p><p>something you can't do in many</p><p>other parts ofthe</p><p>world. It was once the only wayto</p><p>get around in the snow o f Alaska,</p><p>but now its use is limited to winter sports and tourism. The best</p><p>time to try it is from January to March - in the summerthere isn't</p><p>enough snow, so the dogs pull sleds on wheels. The ride can be a</p><p>little bumpy because the sled sometimes goes over stones and the</p><p>dogs bark a lot. All the same, it's an opportunity not to be missed.</p><p>b R e a d th e a r t ic le a g a in . M a r k th e se n ten ce s T (true)</p><p>o r F (fa lse).</p><p>1 N o r is are a good w ay to see C a m b o d ia n c ities . _F</p><p>2 T h e tra in fare is no t a lw ays the same. __</p><p>3 To to ra reed boats are m ade fro m sp e c ia l p lan ts. __</p><p>4 Today the boa ts a re o n ly used to c a r ry to u r is ts .</p><p>5 Jeepneys are used by the m ilita ry to tran spo rt so ld iers. __</p><p>6 T h e re are u su a lly a lo t o f peop le in jeepneys. __</p><p>7 M o s t peop le in A la s k a do n 't tra ve l by dog</p><p>sled anym ore. __</p><p>8 D o g sleds are a ve ry re la x in g w ay to trave l. __</p><p>c L o o k a t th e h ig h l ig h te d w o rd s a n d p h ra se s . W h a t do</p><p>y o u t h in k th e y m e a n ? U se y o u r d ic t io n a r y to lo o k up</p><p>th e ir m e a n in g a n d p ro n u n c ia t io n .</p><p>6 L IS T E N IN G</p><p>a L is te n to th e e xpe r ie n ce s o f f iv e sp eake rs w h o</p><p>w e re d o in g d a n g e ro u s th in g s w h ile th ey w e re d r iv in g .</p><p>M a t c h th e sp e ake rs w it h th e th in g s th e y w e re d o in g .</p><p>Speaker 1 E.</p><p>Speaker 2 __</p><p>Speaker 3 __</p><p>Speaker 4 __</p><p>Speaker 5 __</p><p>A P u t t in g o n m akeup</p><p>B L is te n in g to h is /he r favo rite m us ic</p><p>C W r it in g a text message</p><p>D S e tt in g o r ad ju st ing a G PS</p><p>E T a lk in g on a ce ll phone</p><p>b L is te n a g a in and a n sw e r th e q u e s t io n s .</p><p>1 W h a t d id Speaker 1 's ca r crash in to ? A v a n ___________</p><p>2 H o w fa r h ad Speake r 2 d r iv e n past D e n ve r be fo re she</p><p>re a liz e d her m is ta k e ? __________________________________</p><p>3 W h e re d id Speake r 3 end u p ? ___________________________</p><p>4 W h o d id Speaker 4 a lm ost h it ? _________________________</p><p>5 W h a t c o lo r w as the t ra ff ic lig h t w hen the acc ident</p><p>happened to Speake r 5 ? ________________________________</p><p>c L is te n a g a in w it h th e a u d io s c r ip t o n p. 70.</p><p>U S E FU L W O R D S A N D P H R A S E S</p><p>L e a rn th ese w ords and phrases.</p><p>ad just (G P S ) /a'd3ASt/</p><p>re a ch /ritJ7</p><p>be ahead o f /b i a 'h sd av/</p><p>c ra sh ( in to) /kraeJV</p><p>get s tu ck ( in a t r a f f ic jam ) /get 'stnk/</p><p>get w orse /gst 'wars/</p><p>tu rn red /tarn 'red/</p><p>tu rn a ro u n d /ta rn a 'raond/</p><p>do y o u r h a ir /du yar her/</p><p>pu t o n m akeup /p o t an 'meik/\p/</p><p>19</p><p>Men w ant to</p><p>be a woman's f irs t love. Women like to be a man's las t romance.</p><p>Oscar Wilde, Irish writer</p><p>3B Stereotypes - or are they?</p><p>1 G R A M M A R articles: a /an, the, no article</p><p>a (^ T rde)the c o r r e c t a n sw e rs .</p><p>1 I t h in k (girts)/ the girls are b e tte r at le a rn in g languages / the languages th an boys / the boys.</p><p>2 D id you lo c k door / the door w hen you le ft house / the house th is m o rn in g ?</p><p>3 M y s is te r w o rk s fo r Japanese ja Japanese com pany. She ’s engineer / an engineer.</p><p>4 I d o n ’t u s u a lly like fish / the fish , bu t salmon / the salmon w e had la st n ig h t w as de lic iou s .</p><p>5 W e go to movies / the movies once a week / the week.</p><p>6 D o n ’t w o r ry ! I t ’s n o t the end / end o f the world / world.</p><p>7 D o you th in k women / the women are m o re sen s it ive th an men / the men?</p><p>8 W h a t beautiful / a beautiful day! L e t ’s have lunch / a lunch o n the pa tio .</p><p>b A r e th e h ig h l ig h te d p h ra se s r ig h t ( / ) o r w ro n g ( / ) ? C o r r e c t th e w ro n g ph ra ses .</p><p>2 P R O N U N C IA T IO N /ə/, sentence stress,</p><p>/ðə/ or /ð!/?</p><p>a L is te n an d c o m p le te th e sen ten ces.</p><p>1 I’d l ik e to speak to the manager .</p><p>2 I pu t th e ___________________ on the</p><p>3 ___________________ are w e g o in g t o ___________________</p><p>to n ig h t?</p><p>4 C o u ld y o u ___________________ th e ____________________</p><p>fo r a m in u te ?</p><p>5 She needs to see a ___________________ about</p><p>h e r ___________________ .</p><p>6 W e w an t t o ___________________ f o r a __________________</p><p>to m o rrow .</p><p>b L is te n ag a in and repeat. C o p y the rh y th m .</p><p>c L is te n an d repeat the ph rases . Pay</p><p>a tte n t io n to the p ro n u n c ia t io n o f the.</p><p>1 T h e co n ve rsa tio n w as abou t the w o m a n nex t door.</p><p>2 T h e u n iv e rs ity in v ite d a guest to speak a t the m eeting .</p><p>3 1 so m e tim e s go to the thea te r in the even ing .</p><p>4 W e to o k the e le va to r in s te ad o f w a lk in g up the s ta irs .</p><p>5 T h e o ff ic e gave m e a l l the in fo rm a t io n I needed.</p><p>6 T h e g ray s k ir t is n ice , bu t I p re fe r the b la ck one.</p><p>1 T h a t ’s p re tty d r e s s - t h e co lo r su its you.</p><p>a pretty dress________________________________</p><p>2 H e ’s h o p in g to v is it h is pa ren ts the n ex t w eekend.</p><p>3 T h e m oney doesn ’t m ake peop le happy.</p><p>4 M y g rand fa the r le ft s c h o o l w hen he w as 14.</p><p>5 T h e y go to the den tis t about tw ic e the y e a r .</p><p>6 H ave you w atched D V D th a t I len t you ?</p><p>7 T h a t w as one o f the best m ea ls I’ve ever had.</p><p>8 W h a t n o is y c h i ld ! W h e re are h is parents?</p><p>9 A le x is s tu d y in g to becom e do c to r.</p><p>10 I love the cats, bu t m y bo y fr ie n d doesn ’t lik e them .</p><p>11 H e r hu sband s its in f ro n t o f the T V a l l day.</p><p>12 She a lw ays gets to the w o rk at f iv e - th ir ty .</p><p>3 R E A D IN G</p><p>a R e a d th e a r t ic le o n ce an d p u t the h e a d in g s in the c o r re c t p lace.</p><p>A M e n are be tte r n av iga to rs th an w om en</p><p>B W o m e n ta lk m o re th a n m en</p><p>C M e n d o n 't see c o lo rs as w e ll as w om en</p><p>Stereotypes</p><p>supported by science</p><p>ı _______________</p><p>Men have a reputation for wearing clothes that don’t look</p><p>good together - if men do look good, it’s because their</p><p>girlfriends or wives have helped them get dressed. Why’s that?</p><p>Science says: Let’s take a look at chromosomes - the parts of our DNA</p><p>that control many things about us. The color red is carried only by the</p><p>X chromosome. Women have two X chromosomes, and so they are</p><p>more likely to be able to see red. Men only have one X chromosome.</p><p>How we see color depends on the ability to see red, blue, and green,</p><p>so women are more likely to see colors better. Being able to see colors</p><p>well was im portant in prehistoric times when women looked for fru it for</p><p>food. They had to be able to tell the difference between the types of</p><p>fru it on the trees so that they didn’t choose a type tha t was poisonous.</p><p>For them, seeing different colors meant they could survive.</p><p>2</p><p>Most men have a natural ability to read maps while women</p><p>usually need to turn them around. How come?</p><p>Science says: Men are able to see the size and position of things</p><p>much quicker than women. This ability is called “spatial awareness”.</p><p>Researchers discovered in a study o f four-year-old children tha t only</p><p>one girl has this ability for every four boys. Once again, the explanation</p><p>can be found in the past. Do you remember those prehistoric women?</p><p>Well, while they were looking fo r fruit, the men traveled long distances</p><p>to hunt animals. When they had caught enough, they had to find their</p><p>way home again. And this is where they learned “spatial awareness.”</p><p>The women d idn 't need it because they hardly ever went out o f sight of</p><p>the ir homes, but for the men, it was vital.</p><p>3</p><p>Humans are social animals, so why is it that men don’t like</p><p>sharing their problems while women tell their best friends</p><p>everything?</p><p>Science says: The answer is in the brain. The parts responsible for</p><p>language are 17% larger in a woman’s brain than in a man’s brain. Also,</p><p>women use both the left and the right side o f the brain to use language,</p><p>while men use only one side - the ir strongest side. And there’s more.</p><p>The part o f the brain that connects the two parts together - the corpus</p><p>callosum - is larger in women too, which means tha t they can move</p><p>information from one part to the other part more quickly. Nobody</p><p>is sure why these differences exist, but it's dea r tha t women have a</p><p>definite advantage over men when it comes to communication.</p><p>b R ea d th e a rt ic le aga in . C h o o s e the r ig h t answ ers.</p><p>1 M e n can f in d it d i f f ic u lt to p e rce iv e ...</p><p>a th ree co lo rs .</p><p>(b ) one co lo r,</p><p>c an y co lo rs .</p><p>2 See ing co lo rs w e ll helped p reh is to r ic w om en ...</p><p>a f in d in te re s t in g th in g s to eat.</p><p>b c o o k fo o d co rrec t ly ,</p><p>c choose the r ig h t f ru it .</p><p>3 T h e re su lts o f the study show ed th a t . ..</p><p>a fou r-yea r-o ld s don ’t have spa tia l awareness,</p><p>b boys le a rn sp a t ia l aw areness be fo re g ir ls ,</p><p>c g ir ls d o n ’t have sp a t ia l aw areness.</p><p>4 W o m e n d id n ’t need sp a t ia l aw areness in</p><p>p re h is to r ic t im es b e cau se ...</p><p>a the m en w ere a lw ays w ith them ,</p><p>b they never le ft hom e,</p><p>c they d id n 't trave l fa r fro m hom e.</p><p>5 M e n are w o rse at c o m m u n ic a t in g be cau se ...</p><p>a p a r t o f th e ir b ra in s is sm a lle r.</p><p>b th e ir b ra in s a re 17% sm a lle r,</p><p>c th e ir b ra in s are larger.</p><p>6 T h e fu n c t io n o f the co rp u s c a llo su m in the</p><p>b ra in is ...</p><p>a to co m m u n ica te be tw een b o th sides,</p><p>b to s to re d if fe re n t languages,</p><p>c to c o n tro l the language p rocess .</p><p>c L o o k a t the h ig h l ig h te d w o rd s a n d p h ra ses .</p><p>W h a t d o y o u t h in k th e y m e an ? U s e y o u r</p><p>d ic t io n a r y to lo o k u p th e ir m e a n in g and</p><p>p ro n u n c ia t io n .</p><p>d C o m p le te th e sen ten ce s w it h o ne o f th e</p><p>h ig h l ig h te d w o rd s o r p h ra ses .</p><p>1 It’s a definite advantage to have good</p><p>test sco re s i f you w a n t to go to co llege.</p><p>2 D o n ’t eat those m u sh ro o m s you fo u n d</p><p>outs ide ! T h e y c o u ld b e ___________________ .</p><p>3 W h o 's _______________________________________</p><p>m a k in g th is m ess?</p><p>4 S h e 's _______________________________________</p><p>to accep t i f you in v ite he r husband as w e ll.</p><p>5 I ta lia n p e o p le ___________________</p><p>_______________________________________ fo r</p><p>b e in g g rea t cooks.</p><p>6 It ’s ___________________ th a t I f in is h the re p o rt</p><p>be fo re the end o f the day.</p><p>21</p><p>4</p><p>V O C A B U L A R Y collocation: verbs /</p><p>adjectives + prepositions</p><p>a (C iT c le )the c o r r e c t p re p o s it io n s .</p><p>1 T h e y 're a r r iv in g at / on /(m) Seou l o n F riday.</p><p>2 T h a t su itca se belongs f o r / f ro m / to me.</p><p>3 W e sh ou ld ask som eone at I fo r / o f d ire c t io n s .</p><p>4 W e m ig h t go c am p in g , b u t it depends</p><p>in I o f I on the w eather.</p><p>5 E v e ry b o d y laughed about I at I to m e w hen</p><p>I fe ll o f f the cha ir.</p><p>6 W h o ’s g o in g to pay fo r j o j j with the m ea l?</p><p>7 I d ream ed about I from / with m y o ld sch oo l</p><p>fr ie n d s la s t n igh t.</p><p>8 T h a t g ir l re m in d s m e about I o f I to m y cou s in .</p><p>b C o m p le te th e se n ten ce s w ith th e c o r re c t</p><p>p re p o s it io n s .</p><p>1 T o n y used to be m a rr ie d to Teresa.</p><p>2 Y ou can r e ly ______________ m e to h e lp you w ith</p><p>the p a rty to m o rrow .</p><p>3 T h e y ’ re w o r r ie d ______________ th e ir</p><p>teenage son.</p><p>4 W e 're n o t very in te re s ted ______________</p><p>abstract art.</p><p>5 I ’m ve ry d if fe re n t______________ m y sister.</p><p>6 A d a m 's ve ry g o o d ______________m ath .</p><p>7 I 'm fed u p ______________ th is w eather.</p><p>8 H e 's fa m o u s______________ h is ro le in</p><p>Sherlock Holmes.</p><p>5 W H E N A R E P R E P O S IT IO N S</p><p>S TR E S S E D ?</p><p>L is te n and co m p le te th e d ia lo g u e s .</p><p>b L is te n a g a in a n d repea t. C o p y th e r h y th m .</p><p>6 L IS T E N IN G</p><p>a L is te n to a r a d io c a l l- in p ro g ra m . W h ic h</p><p>sp e a k e r h a s th e m o s t t r a d it io n a l v ie w a b o u t m e n d o in g</p><p>th e c o o k in g ?</p><p>1 N ic k ŋ 2 Eve Q 3 F ra n k Q 4 M a r t in a [_</p><p>b L is te n a g a in and m a rk the sen ten ce s T (true) o r F (fa lse).</p><p>1 N ic k is unem p loyed . X</p><p>2 H e w o u ld n ’t l ik e to be a chef. __</p><p>3 E ve co o k s a l l the m ea ls a t he r house. __</p><p>4 She spends a lo t o f t im e c le a n in g the k itchen .</p><p>5 F ra n k th in k s tha t g ir ls w o rk ha rde r th an they used to. __</p><p>6 F ra n k th in k s tha t g ir ls now adays can cook .</p><p>7 M a r t in a 's p a rtn e r does a l l the co o k in g . __</p><p>8 M a r t in a re spects m en w h o can cook.</p><p>c L is te n a g a in w it h th e a u d io s c r ip t o n p. 71.</p><p>U S E FU L W O R D S A N D P H R A S E S</p><p>L e a rn th ese w ords and phrases.</p><p>c la im (vb) /k le irn /</p><p>reduce /n 'dus/</p><p>a lm o s t /'o lm oost/</p><p>s lig h t ly / 's la it li/</p><p>w he reas /wsr'rez/</p><p>a c co rd in g to /a 'kordnj tu /</p><p>in fact An 'ftekt/</p><p>range fro m / 're ind 3 from /</p><p>tend to /Tend ta/</p><p>be s ke p tica l o f / b i 's k s p t ik l av/</p><p>file 3</p><p>22</p><p>1 A Who did you argue with ?</p><p>B I ___________w ith m y___________ .</p><p>2 A Who are you_______________________ ?</p><p>B I’m ___________ a t___________ !</p><p>3 A What are you so_______________________?</p><p>B I’m ___________ about m y___________ .</p><p>4 A What are you_______________________?</p><p>B I’m ___________ to th e ___________ .</p><p>Practical English A difficult celebrity</p><p>1 G IV IN G O P IN IO N S 3 R E A D IN G</p><p>C o m p le te th e d ia lo g u e .</p><p>John I love th is song. Can you turn it up?</p><p>Anna Do I have to? It's really old.</p><p>John It may be old, bu t i t ’s one o f my</p><p>favorites . 1 Personally . I th ink</p><p>pop music was be tte r in the past</p><p>than it is now. What do you</p><p>2th _________________ ?</p><p>Anna No, I don’t th ink th a t ’s</p><p>3 r__________________. In my</p><p>4 op_________________ , there is some</p><p>great music around. And some of</p><p>today’s singers have amazing voices.</p><p>John l 5ag_________________ .B u t very few</p><p>o f them w rite the ir own music. If you</p><p>6 as__________________me, the real</p><p>musicians are the ones who w rite the</p><p>songs and then perform them live on</p><p>stage. Don’t you7 ag_________________ ?</p><p>Anna To be 8 h__________________, I don’t</p><p>know a lo t about it. I ju s t turn the radio</p><p>on and listen to what they ’re playing!</p><p>2 S O C IA L EN G LIS H</p><p>C o m p le te th e d ia lo g u e s . U se a ph ra se</p><p>c o n ta in in g the w o rd in pa ren theses .</p><p>1 A Hello! I ’m back ! (back)</p><p>B Hi! Did you have a good day?</p><p>2 A I’m going out fo r a walk now. Do you want</p><p>to come?</p><p>B ____________________________</p><p>I’LL get my coat, (minute)</p><p>3 A I brought you some flowers.</p><p>B Thank you. That’s _______________</p><p>_______________________________ . (kind)</p><p>4 A ____________________________</p><p>_______________ w hat you said about</p><p>moving to California? (mean)</p><p>B Yes. I think it ’ll be a great opportunity for us.</p><p>5 A You look upset. What’s the matter.</p><p>B Nothing really._______________</p><p>_______________________________my</p><p>boyfriend’s away and I really miss him. (just)</p><p>a R e a d the tex t. M a r k the sen ten ce s T (true) o r F (fa lse).</p><p>1 N e w Y o rk ta x is a re a l l the sam e m o d e l o f car. _F</p><p>2 A m e d a llio n n u m b e r has fo u r nu m be rs and one letter. __</p><p>3 A n o ff-d u ty cab w on 't p ic k you up. __</p><p>4 Y o u sh o u ld s tand in the stree t u n t i l a ta x i s tops fo r you. __</p><p>5 W h e n you get in a ta x i, the p r ic e s ta rts at 50 cents. __</p><p>6 Y o u pay pe r m in u te i f you are n o t m o v in g . __</p><p>7 T a x i d r iv e rs l ik e to be p a id in cash. __</p><p>NEW YORK TAXIS</p><p>New York taxis provide an essential</p><p>service to New Yorkers and tourists for</p><p>getting around the city. There are over</p><p>12,000 yellow medallion taxicabs so</p><p>it doesn’t take long to see one.</p><p>What does a New York taxi look like?</p><p>New York taxis come in many different shapes and sizes, but to be</p><p>official taxis they must be yellow. They must also have a special code</p><p>called a medallion number: one number, then one letter, and two</p><p>more numbers. A bronze badge with the same code should also be</p><p>displayed on the hood.</p><p>Only taxis w ith the above are legally licensed to pick you up!</p><p>How will I know when a New York taxi is available?</p><p>It's all in the lights! When jus t the center light illuminates the medallion</p><p>number, the taxi is available to be hailed. When the center light is off</p><p>and both sidelights are on (illuminating the words "Off Duty” ), the taxi</p><p>is o ff duty. When no lights are illuminated, the taxi is already in use.</p><p>How to hail a New York taxi.</p><p>First, try to hail a taxi in the direction you are already going; it saves</p><p>tim e and money. When you see an available taxi, make sure it's</p><p>safe and step o ff the sidewalk while holding your hand up high. If for</p><p>any reason you don’t get the driver’s attention, step back onto the</p><p>sidewalk and wait fo r the next available taxi and repeat the process.</p><p>It’s as simple as that.</p><p>New York taxi fares.</p><p>Once you step into the cab the meter will be turned on. This is called</p><p>the “flag-drop fare” and is $2.50. After that it will cost you 50 cents</p><p>for every one-fifth of a mile, or 50 cents per minute if you are stuck in</p><p>traffic. There is a flat-rate charge o f $52 from Manhattan to JFK Airport.</p><p>If you're happy with the trip , you should tip your driver between 15%</p><p>and 20% o fth e tota l fare. Paying by cash is preferred, however all</p><p>taxis now accept credit cards.</p><p>b U n d e r l in e f iv e w o rd s o r p h ra s e s y o u d o n ’t k n o w . U s e y o u r</p><p>d ic t io n a r y to lo o k u p th e ir m e a n in g and p ro n u n c ia t io n .</p><p>Failure is n o t fa llin g down. Failure is fa llin g down and n o t g e tt in g up again.</p><p>Richard Nixon, former US President</p><p>4A Failure and success</p><p>1 G R A M M A R can, could, be able to</p><p>a ^ i r d g ) th e c o r re c t fo rm . C h e c k ( / ) i f b o th</p><p>a re c o r re c t .</p><p>1 She can / is able to s w im re a lly w e ll because</p><p>she used to liv e by the ocean. /</p><p>2 Y ou d o n 't need to can iflbepbleto) d r iv e to</p><p>liv e in the c ity .</p><p>3 L u k e could / was able to read w hen he w as</p><p>o n ly th ree yea rs o ld .</p><p>4 I f it doesn 't r a in to m o rro w , we can / we’ll be</p><p>able to go fo r a lo n g w a lk .</p><p>5 S o rry , I've been so bu sy th</p><p>pay him /</p><p>her back, but i t m ight take a litt le longer than you</p><p>f irs t thought.</p><p>5 You have a friend who often borrows m oney</p><p>fro m you and never pays you back. H e / She</p><p>wants to borrow $50. You...</p><p>a lend him / her the money. You can afford it, and it</p><p>doesn't m a tte r if you don 't get it back,</p><p>b say no; he / she owes you to o much already,</p><p>c lend the money, but explain tha t i t is the last time,</p><p>until he / she has paid back this loan.</p><p>Online Practice 2A 15</p><p>c 1 38))) Listen and check.</p><p>5 G R A M M A R present perfect and simple past</p><p>a Read the conversation. W hat are they arguing about?</p><p>b 1 4 1 ))) Read the conversation again, and put the verbs in the</p><p>present perfect or the simple past. Then listen and check.</p><p>c Do we use the present perfect (PP) or simple past (S P)...?</p><p>1 for a completed action in the past ______</p><p>2 for recent actions when we don't ask / say exactly when ___</p><p>d > - p.134 Grammar Bank 2A. Learn more about the present</p><p>perfect and simple past, and practice them.</p><p>e In pairs, interview each other with the</p><p>questions. Ask for more information.</p><p>HAVE YOU EVER..</p><p>• bought or sold something on</p><p>eBay or a similar site</p><p>• lost a credit card or</p><p>your wallet</p><p>• saved for something for a</p><p>long time</p><p>• wasted money on something</p><p>you've never used</p><p>• won any money</p><p>(e.g., in a lottery)</p><p>• lent money to someone</p><p>who didn't pay</p><p>you back</p><p>• bought something online and then</p><p>discovered tha t it was a scam</p><p>• been charged too much in a restaurant</p><p>How</p><p>much?</p><p>/ What</p><p>happened?</p><p>16 2A</p><p>When?</p><p>What?</p><p>Have you ever bought or</p><p>sold something on eBay?</p><p>Yes, I sold my</p><p>old computer.</p><p>Who did you sell it to? How</p><p>much did you sell it for?</p><p>David 11haven’t seen (see) those shoes before. Are they new?</p><p>Kate Yes. 12__________________ (just buy) them. Do you like them?</p><p>D They're OK. How much3____________they____________ (cost)?</p><p>K Oh, not much. They4______________ (be) a bargain. Under $100.</p><p>D You mean $99.99. That isn’t cheap for a pair o f shoes.</p><p>Anyway, we can’t afford to buy new clothes right now.</p><p>K Why not?</p><p>D 5____________________ you____________________ (see) this?</p><p>K No. What is it?</p><p>D The phone bill. I t 6_____________________ (come) this morning.</p><p>And w e7____________________ (not pay) the electricity bill yet.</p><p>K Well, what about the iPad you8______________ (buy) last week?</p><p>D What about it?</p><p>K You9_____________________ (not need) a new one. The old one</p><p>10__________________________________ (work) just fine.</p><p>D But 111______________________________(need) the new model.</p><p>K Well, 112___________________________ (need) some new shoes.</p><p>6 R E A D IN G & S P E A K IN G</p><p>a In pairs, answer the questions. Give as much</p><p>information as you can.</p><p>1 Think of two people you know personally or</p><p>have heard of who are very rich. Did they...?</p><p>a earn their money (how?)</p><p>b inherit their money (who from?)</p><p>c win it (how?)</p><p>2 I f they earned their money, was it because...?</p><p>a they were very lucky</p><p>b they worked very hard</p><p>c they had a special talent</p><p>b Now read an interview with a billionaire. How did</p><p>he become so rich? Why is his success surprising?</p><p>What does he do to help homeless people?</p><p>c Now read the interview again and number the</p><p>events in the order in which they happened.</p><p>A L?| He was homeless again.</p><p>B [_I He delivered newspapers.</p><p>C Ld At1 investor didn’t give him the money he</p><p>had promised him.</p><p>D [_] He sold encyclopedias from door-to-door.</p><p>E Q He left his wife.</p><p>F [_] He was homeless.</p><p>G \T\ He sold Christmas cards from door-to-door.</p><p>H Q He started a hair product company with $700.</p><p>1 Ld He was able to pay his bills on time.</p><p>d What do you think you can learn from John’s story?</p><p>e Look at the highlighted words and phrases</p><p>related to money and business. With a partner,</p><p>try to figure out the meanings from context.</p><p>f Complete the questions with one o f the</p><p>highlighted words and phrases. Then ask and</p><p>answer the questions with a partner.</p><p>1 What brand of hair product do you use? How</p><p>long have you used it?</p><p>2 Do you know anybody who sells encyclopedias or</p><p>other products_______ ? What does he / she sell?</p><p>Does he / she enjoy his/ her job?</p><p>3 If you needed a_______ to lend you money to</p><p>start a business, who would you ask? Why?</p><p>4 Have you ever experienced______from a boss,</p><p>a teacher, etc.? How did you feel?</p><p>5 Do you know anybody who has tried to</p><p>succeed in a difficult career (like acting), but</p><p>who hasn’t ______yet? Is he / she still trying,</p><p>or has he / she given up?</p><p>FROM THE STREETS</p><p>TO SUCCESS!</p><p>John DeJoria, an American billionaire businessman, owns several</p><p>companies, including John Paul Mitchell Systems, a successful</p><p>brand of hair products. However, DeJoria was not always wealthy.</p><p>He was the second son of immigrant parents and grew up in a</p><p>very poor area of Los Angeles, California. Before forming his hair</p><p>product company with only $700, he was a street gang member</p><p>for some of his youth, he then worked at low-paying jobs including</p><p>encyclopedia salesman, janitor, and insurance salesman, and he</p><p>was homeless twice. DeJoria's selfmade rise is an inspiring story.</p><p>As a child, you were fairly entrepreneurial, weren’t you?</p><p>My first job, at 9 years old, was selling Christmas cards door-to-</p><p>door. At 10 years old, my brother and I had paper routes. We got</p><p>up at 4 o’clock a.m., folded the papers, and delivered them, and</p><p>then got ready for school.</p><p>As you got older, you continued to work. Is that right?</p><p>The job that was one of the most influential experiences you can</p><p>imagine was door-to-door selling encyclopedias. Doors literally</p><p>slam in your face— maybe 30, 40 doors before the first customer</p><p>will actually talk to you and let you in.</p><p>You’ve been homeless, haven’t you?</p><p>Twice. Once, when I was about 22 years old. The other time was</p><p>when I started John Paul Mitchell Systems in 1980. I wasn't</p><p>getting along with my wife at the time. So I had left and had</p><p>given her all the money. We had a backer for John Paul Mitchell</p><p>Systems putting in a half-million dollars. That money was</p><p>supposed to arrive that day. I never got a penny. So I just slept</p><p>in my car. And I slept in my car for the first two weeks when I</p><p>started the company. So we started with humble beginnings.</p><p>Do memories of the streets motivate you?</p><p>It sure makes you very appreciative of what you have in your</p><p>life. Those who are homeless— like people with kids who are</p><p>homeless— I really have a heart for. So I participate in a lot of</p><p>charitable organizations that take the homeless off the streets.</p><p>What are the biggest problems you’ve faced in business?</p><p>The biggest problem is rejection. Any business you start, be</p><p>ready for it. The difference between successful people and</p><p>unsuccessful people is that the successful people do all the</p><p>things the unsuccessful people don’t want to do. When 10 doors</p><p>are slammed in your face, go to door number 1 1 , with a smile.</p><p>When did you know you had made it?</p><p>I was in business two years, and we were able to pay every</p><p>single bill on time. We had a couple of thousand dollars</p><p>in the bank— $4,000, to be exact. And we said, “ Man</p><p>we made it; it ’s all downhill now.” It was really hard.</p><p>It took a couple years.</p><p>What was the first thing you bought yourself at</p><p>that point?</p><p>I went to a restaurant. This is the first</p><p>time I said I’m going to order off the left</p><p>side of the menu, not the right side. The</p><p>right side is where the prices are. Carne</p><p>asada, guacamole, whatever I wanted.</p><p>I didn't even look at the prices. That,</p><p>to me, was a pretty big deal.</p><p>Online Practice 2A 17</p><p>A</p><p>d</p><p>ap</p><p>te</p><p>d</p><p>fr</p><p>om</p><p>E</p><p>nt</p><p>re</p><p>pr</p><p>en</p><p>eu</p><p>r.</p><p>co</p><p>m</p><p>G present perfect + fo r / since, present perfect continuous</p><p>V strong adjectives: exhausted, amazed, etc.</p><p>P sentence stress, stress on strong adjectives</p><p>How long</p><p>have you been</p><p>working here?</p><p>2B Changing lives</p><p>Fora</p><p>longtime!</p><p>Since 2001.</p><p>1 L IS T E N IN G</p><p>a Look at the photos. Where do you think</p><p>they were taken? What can you see in</p><p>each photo?</p><p>b 1 4 5 ))) You are going to listen to an</p><p>interview with Jane, talking about a trip she</p><p>took in 2008.</p><p>a t I haven’t could /</p><p>haven 't been able to c a ll u n t i l now.</p><p>6 I f M a r ia had a less d e m a n d in g job , she</p><p>could I would be able to en joy l ife m ore.</p><p>7 I've neve r could / been able to dance w e ll,</p><p>bu t I'd love to lea rn .</p><p>8 W e're rea lly so rry we couldn't / weren't able to</p><p>com e to y o u r w edd ing .</p><p>9 I used to can / used to be able to speak a lit t le</p><p>Po rtuguese , but I've fo rgo tten m o st o f it now .</p><p>10 Can you / Will you be able to m ake it to</p><p>d in n e r to n ig h t?</p><p>11 T o w o rk fo r th is com pany, you must can /</p><p>must be able to speak at least th ree</p><p>languages.</p><p>12 I hate can 't / not being able to com m un ica te</p><p>w ith the lo ca l peop le w hen I’m trave lin g .</p><p>b R e a d T y le r R u i z ’s re su m e . T h e n c o m p le te th e sen ten ce s w it h th e</p><p>c o r r e c t f o r m o f can, could, o r be able to.</p><p>1 T y le r can sa il.</p><p>2 H e ________________________speak a l it t le C h in e se w h e n he</p><p>sta rted w o rk in g in H o n g K ong .</p><p>3 H e ________________________sp eak G e rm a n .</p><p>4 H e ________________________des ign w ebs ites s in ce 1999.</p><p>5 H e 'd l i k e ________________________speak R u ss ian .</p><p>6 H e ________________________ f in is h h is Ph .D . before he le ft the U S .</p><p>7 H e ________________________speak a l it t le R u s s ia n soon.</p><p>Nam e: Tyler Ruiz</p><p>D ate of B irth: 09/22/1980</p><p>Education</p><p>Degree in French with Marketing (2003)</p><p>Master’s in Business Administration (2006)</p><p>Started Ph.D. in Business (2009) - incomplete</p><p>W ork E x p e rie n ce</p><p>1998-2000: Trainer and Operator with Texas Instruments, London</p><p>2003-2009: Assistant then Marketing Manager, Texas Instruments,</p><p>Dallas, USA</p><p>2009-present: Managing Director, AHH Marketing Services Ltd.,</p><p>Hong Kong</p><p>O ther S k ills</p><p>IT skills - advanced.</p><p>Course in web design 1999.</p><p>Languages</p><p>French (fluent) Chinese (basic) certificate 2008</p><p>I hope to start Russian classes next January.</p><p>H ob b ies and Interests</p><p>Watersports, especially sailing and windsurfing</p><p>2 P R O N U N C IA T IO N sentence stress</p><p>L is te n an d re pea t th e sen ten ces. C o p y th e rh y th m .</p><p>1 She can s i n g v e r y w e l l .</p><p>2 I’ve n e v e r been a b l e to s k i .</p><p>3 C a n you r e a d a m a p ?</p><p>4 Y o u w o n ’t be a b l e to g o o u t t o m o r r o w .</p><p>5 H e h a s n ’t been a b l e to w a l k v e r y f a s t s ince he h u r t h is l e g .</p><p>6 T h e y a r e n ’t a b l e to c o m e t o n i g h t .</p><p>3 R E A D IN G</p><p>a R e a d th e a r t ic le o n ce a n d m a tc h p a ra g ra p h s A - D w ith p h o to s 1 -4 .</p><p>Steven Spielberg Isaac Newton</p><p>Failure: the first step toward success</p><p>Many people who have found success started out by failing.</p><p>Below are four of the most famous.</p><p>A Some people consider this man to be the greatest scientist who has</p><p>ever lived. However, his early life was nothing special. He was very</p><p>small as a child and he was a very bad student. When he was twelve,</p><p>his mother took him out of school so that he could learn how to run the</p><p>family farm. Unfortunately, he wasn't very good at that either, so in the</p><p>end he was sent back to school. After eventually passing his exams, he</p><p>went to Cambridge University where he became a brilliant scholar Later,</p><p>he developed his law o f gravity.</p><p>B This man is one ofthe most famous inventors o f all time, which is</p><p>incredible when you think he only went to school for three months. After</p><p>his teacher lost patience with him, his mother taught him at home and</p><p>he learned many important lessons from reading books. His working life</p><p>started as badly as his schooling had, and he was fired from his first two</p><p>jobs. However, this gave him more time lo experiment - by the end o f his</p><p>life he had invented over a thousand devices. His most famous invention</p><p>was a certain type o f lightbulb.</p><p>C Ask anyone to name the most famous movie director in Hollywood and</p><p>many of them will say this man's name. However, his movie career started</p><p>badly, as he was rejected three times from film school. He eventually started</p><p>his studies at a different school, but he dropped out to become a director</p><p>before he had finished. Since then he has won the Oscar for best director</p><p>twice, and three o f his movies have broken box office records. He went</p><p>back to school in 2002 to finish his studies and earn his BA degree.</p><p>D Although he is one ofthe most successful businessmen and computer</p><p>programmers o f all time, this man didn't actually finish college. He was</p><p>very bright at school and went to Harvard University, but he spent most</p><p>o f his time using the college's computers for his own projects and didn't</p><p>do much studying. After dropping out, he decided to start his own</p><p>company with a friend. This company failed, but he persisted and won</p><p>a contract with IBM which eventually resulted in his company becoming</p><p>one ofthe most powerful and recognized brands in the world today.</p><p>b R e a d th e a r t ic le a g a in . M a r k th e sen ten ce s T (true)</p><p>o r F (fa lse).</p><p>1 Isaac N e w to n a lm o s t becam e a fa rm er. T_</p><p>2 H e w as neve r a ve ry good studen t. __</p><p>3 T h o m a s E d is o n m issed th ree m o n th s</p><p>o f sch oo l w hen he w as a ch ild .</p><p>4 H e d id n 't m ake a good im p re s s io n o n h is</p><p>bosses a t th e s ta r t o f h is w o rk in g life . __</p><p>5 S teven Sp ie lb e rg c o u ld n 't go to the f i lm</p><p>sch o o l he w an ted to. __</p><p>6 H e has never f in ish e d h is degree. __</p><p>7 B i l l G a te s fa ile d o u t o f co llege . __</p><p>8 H is f ir s t c o m pan y w a sn ’t su ccessfu l. __</p><p>c L o o k a t th e h ig h l ig h te d w o rd s and ph ra ses . W h a t</p><p>d o y o u t h in k th e y m e an ? U s e y o u r d ic t io n a r y to</p><p>lo o k u p th e ir m e a n in g an d p ro n u n c ia t io n .</p><p>d C o m p le te th e sen ten ce s w it h o ne o f the</p><p>h ig h l ig h te d w o rd s o r p h ra ses .</p><p>1 T h e c h i ld ’s pa ren ts lost patience w ith her</p><p>and sent he r to he r ro om .</p><p>2 H e w a sn ’t e n jo y in g co llege , so h e _____________</p><p>_____________ a fte r the f ir s t year.</p><p>3 A f te r severa l m on th s, s h e _____________ m anaged</p><p>to pe rsuade he r b o y fr ie n d to see an opera.</p><p>4 M y c o lle a g u e ___________________________ fo r</p><p>se n d in g p e rso n a l e m a ils f ro m w ork .</p><p>5 M y hu sband re fuses to buy e xp e n s iv e ____________</p><p>o f c lo th in g .</p><p>6 T h e re w as a huge lin e at t h e _____________</p><p>_____________ because it w as the o p e n in g n ig h t o f</p><p>the m ov ie .</p><p>25</p><p>Bill Gates</p><p>Thomas Edison</p><p>b C o m p le te th e se n ten ce s w it h th e c o r r e c t fo rm o f</p><p>th e a d je c t iv e s in pa ren th eses .</p><p>1 I en joyed the b o o k , bu t the m ov ie w as a lit t le</p><p>boring . (bo red / b o r in g )</p><p>2 I fe lt v e r y ________________________ w h e n I re a liz e d</p><p>m y m is take , (em barrassed / em ba rrass ing )</p><p>3 H e ’s ________________________because the p r in te r</p><p>is n 't w o rk in g , ( fru s tra ted / fru s tra t in g )</p><p>4 T h e f in a l q u a rte r o f the gam e w as re a lly</p><p>________________________ . (excited / e x c it in g )</p><p>5 W e haven 't heard fro n t h e r s in ce she a rr iv e d</p><p>in B a n g ko k — i t ’s v e r y _______________________ .</p><p>(w o rr ie d / w o r ry in g )</p><p>6 Y o u r t r ip soun ds r e a l ly ________________________</p><p>- t e l l m e m ore! (in te rested / in te re s t in g )</p><p>7 I ’m t ire d o f th is te r r ib le w ea the r - it 's so</p><p>. (depressed / dep ress ing)</p><p>8 M a x w as v e r y ________________________w hen</p><p>he w asn 't cho sen fo r the job. (d isappo in ted /</p><p>d isa p p o in t in g )</p><p>c Ẑ i r d J ) th e -ed a d je c t iv e s in e x e rc ise b w h e re -ed is</p><p>p ro n o u n c e d /id/.</p><p>Reflexive pronouns</p><p>d C o m p le te th e sen ten ce s w it h th e c o r r e c t w o rd .</p><p>1</p><p>Listen to P a rt 1. Where did she</p><p>go? What did she decide to do after the trip?</p><p>c Listen again. W hat does Jane say about:</p><p>1 her normal job</p><p>2 the vacation to Uganda</p><p>3 what happened when the lorry broke down</p><p>4 the condition of the school</p><p>5 the children</p><p>6 what the headmaster asked her for</p><p>18</p><p>Glossary</p><p>holiday BritE for vacation</p><p>lorry BritE for truck</p><p>headmaster BritE for principal</p><p>d 1 46))) Now listen to P a rt 2 . Correct the wrong information</p><p>in these sentences.</p><p>1 Jane’s son chose the name Adelante Africa, which means</p><p>“Go forward, Africa” in Spanish.</p><p>2 The new school opened in 2012.</p><p>3 Today the school has 75 children.</p><p>4 Adelante Africa has also been trying to improve the</p><p>children's English.</p><p>5 They are building a home for the teachers.</p><p>6 Two of Jane's children have been helping in Uganda.</p><p>7 (ane says the school has changed children’s lives because it has</p><p>given them an education.</p><p>8 Jane thinks that she gives more than she gets.</p><p>9 The website has a video jane's daughter took of her teaching</p><p>the children.</p><p>e Compare your answers with a partner. Then listen again to check.</p><p>f Do you know anybody like jane who does a lot o f work for a</p><p>charity? What do they do?</p><p>2 G R A M M A R present perfect + for/since,</p><p>present perfect continuous</p><p>a Match the questions and answers.</p><p>1 How long has Jane been a writer?____</p><p>2 How long has Adelaide Africa had a website?____</p><p>3 How long has she been working for Adelaide Africa?</p><p>A Since 2008.</p><p>B For about 22 years.</p><p>C For four years.</p><p>b Answer with a partner.</p><p>1 Are the three questions and answers in a about... ?</p><p>a a period of time in the past</p><p>b a period o f time from the past until now'</p><p>c a period o f time in the present</p><p>2 What’s the difference in form between the first two</p><p>questions and question 3?</p><p>c > - p.135 Grammar Bank 2B. Learn more about the</p><p>present perfect with f o r / since and the present perfect</p><p>continuous, and practice them.</p><p>3 P R O N U N C IA T IO N sentence stress</p><p>a 1 49 >)) Listen once and try to write down the stressed</p><p>words in the large pink rectangles.</p><p>?</p><p>? b Compare circles with a partner.</p><p>Ask your partner at least three</p><p>questions about the things he or</p><p>she has written. One question must</p><p>be How long have y o u ...?</p><p>4 S P E A K IN G</p><p>a Look at the circles, and</p><p>write something in as</p><p>many as you can.</p><p>b Look at the stressed words and try to remember what</p><p>the unstressed words are. Then listen again to check</p><p>and write them in.</p><p>c Listen again and repeat the sentences. Copy the</p><p>rhythm.</p><p>d 1 50))) Listen and make questions.</p><p>It's snowing.</p><p>How long have you</p><p>been using Twitter?</p><p>Do you write things on it or do you</p><p>just read other people's tweets?</p><p>For about a year.</p><p>Why did you buy</p><p>a Nissan Juke?</p><p>Because it's small,</p><p>and it ’s very “green/'</p><p>How long have you had it?</p><p>Online Practice 2B 19</p><p>How long learning</p><p>French ?</p><p>2</p><p>3</p><p>4</p><p>5</p><p>6</p><p>How long has it been snowing?</p><p>5 R E A D IN G & L IS T E N IN G</p><p>a In your country are there charity events to raise money</p><p>for a good cause? Have you ever taken part in one?</p><p>W hat did you do? How much money did you raise?</p><p>b You’re going to read an article about Helen Skelton,</p><p>who agreed to kayak down the Amazon for charity.</p><p>Read the introduction and answer the questions.</p><p>1 What did Helen do last year for charity?</p><p>2 What is she hoping to do this year?</p><p>3 What is dangerous about the trip?</p><p>4 What experience does she have?</p><p>c Before you read the texts of Helen’s first three phone</p><p>calls, imagine what kinds o f problems you think she</p><p>had on her trip. Then read and check. Were you right?</p><p>d 151))) Read Phone calls 1 -3 again and fill in the</p><p>blanks with the correct word. Then listen and check.</p><p>1 a in front b behind c back</p><p>2 a freezing b hot c boiling</p><p>3 a exhausted b angry c lost</p><p>4 a down b up c over</p><p>5 a long b wide c short</p><p>6 a ice cream b coffee c chocolate</p><p>7 a sleep b paddle c rest</p><p>8 a boring b interesting c worrying</p><p>9 a being b feel c feeling</p><p>10 a sick b well c hard</p><p>e 1 52))) Now listen to the rest o f Helen's trip down the</p><p>Amazon. Did she manage to finish?</p><p>f Listen again. Then answer the questions.</p><p>Phone call 4</p><p>1 Why hasn't she had any music for three days?</p><p>2 What does she do to pass the time?</p><p>3 Why didn't she celebrate reaching the halfway point?</p><p>Phone call 5</p><p>4 What have been driving her crazy this week?</p><p>5 What wildlife has she seen?</p><p>6 Why is she starting to feel a little sad?</p><p>The 6 :0 0 news</p><p>7 How many miles did she do altogether?</p><p>8 How long did the trip take?</p><p>9 What did Helen miss?</p><p>10 What is the first thing she is going to do when she</p><p>gets home?</p><p>g Tell your partner about an adventure sport you've done</p><p>or an exciting experience you’ve had. Was it a positive</p><p>experience? Why (not)? How did you feel?</p><p>T V host’s Amazon</p><p>H elen Skelton hopes to b ecom e the first</p><p>w o m an to kayak dow n the A m azon River.</p><p>Helen Skelton is a 26-year-old TV host of Blue Peter, a</p><p>show for young people. She has never been afraid of a</p><p>challenge. Last year, she became the second woman to</p><p>complete the 78-mile Ultra Marathon in Namibia, running</p><p>the three consecutive marathons in 23 hours and 50</p><p>minutes. But when Blue Peter decided to do something to</p><p>raise money for the charity Sports Relief (which sponsors</p><p>projects around the world), Skelton said that she wanted</p><p>an even bigger challenge. So they suggested that she</p><p>kayak 1,998 miles down the Amazon from Nauta in Peru to</p><p>Almeirim in Brazil.</p><p>This is a very risky trip. There are no roads and no towns,</p><p>only rainforest and the river (which is sometimes more than</p><p>24 miles wide and infested with crocodiles). If she gets</p><p>sick, it will take around 11 hours to fly her to a hospital.</p><p>20 2B</p><p>A</p><p>d</p><p>ap</p><p>te</p><p>d</p><p>f</p><p>ro</p><p>m</p><p>T</p><p>he</p><p>T</p><p>el</p><p>eg</p><p>ra</p><p>ph</p><p>w</p><p>eb</p><p>si</p><p>te</p><p>ECUADOR</p><p>COLOMBIA</p><p>Nauta</p><p>P E R U</p><p>Phone call 1</p><p>£ £ Everything went wrong. I only managed half</p><p>a day on Wednesday, the first day, and on</p><p>Thursday we started late, so I'm already 1____ ;.</p><p>I've been suffering from the heat. It's absolutely</p><p>2____ , and the humidity is 100% at lunchtime.</p><p>I went the wrong way, and I had to paddle against</p><p>the current. I was 3____ ! They asked me, ‘Do you</p><p>want to give 4____ ?' but I said, ‘No!' Because I've</p><p>also been having a wonderful time! There are pink</p><p>dolphins - pink, not gray - that come close to the</p><p>boat. I think that if I can do 62 miles a day, trten</p><p>I can make it.</p><p>challenge</p><p>Helen has only been kayaking once before in</p><p>her life, so she has been training four hours a</p><p>day. Last week, she arrived at the Amazon in</p><p>Peru. After two days of kayaking, she made the</p><p>first of her phone calls.</p><p>P h o n e c a l l 2</p><p>66 I’ve been on the Amazon tor a week now,</p><p>and I've been paddling for six out of the</p><p>seven days. The river is incredibly5____ ,</p><p>and it's very hard to paddle in a straight line.</p><p>The water is so brown that I can't see my</p><p>paddle once it goes under the surface. It</p><p>looks like melted 6____ . I start at 5:30 in the</p><p>morning, and 1 7____ for at least 10 hours,</p><p>from 5:30 a.m. until dark, with only a short</p><p>break for lunch. My hands have been giving</p><p>me problems - I have big blisters. I now</p><p>have them bandaged in white tape.</p><p>I'm usually on the water for at least 10 hours;</p><p>it's8___ at times, and exciting at others. I listen</p><p>to music on my iPod. I've been listening to Don’t</p><p>Stop Me Now by Queen to inspire me!</p><p>6 V O C A B U L A R Y & P R O N U N C IA T IO N</p><p>strong adjectives</p><p>p Strong adjectives</p><p>Some adjectives have a strong meaning, e.g.,</p><p>I had to paddle against the current. I was exhausted! (= very tired)</p><p>Ive had a fantastic time! (= very good)</p><p>With strong adjectives you can use absolutely or really, but NOT very.</p><p>I’ve been suffering from the heat. It's absolutely boiling. NOT very-boiling.</p><p>a Complete the sentences with a regular adjective.</p><p>1 A Was Lisa's father angry about the car?</p><p>B Yes, he was furious!</p><p>2 A Is Oliver’s apartment______ ?</p><p>B Yes, it's really tiny - just a bedroom and a living room.</p><p>3 A Are you______ of flying?</p><p>B Yes, I'm terrified! I never fly anywhere.</p><p>4 A Was the food______ ?</p><p>B Yes, it was delicious.</p><p>5 A Are you very______ ?</p><p>B I’m starving! I haven’t eaten all day.</p><p>6 A Is your parents' house______ ?</p><p>B It’s enormous. It has seven bedrooms.</p><p>7 A Was i t______ in Moscow?</p><p>B It was freezing! Minus 20 degrees.</p><p>8 A Was Jack's kitchen______ ?</p><p>B It was filthy. It took us three hours to clean it.</p><p>9 A Are your parents______ about the wedding?</p><p>B They’re excited. In fact, they want to pay for everything!</p><p>10 A Was the movie______ ?</p><p>B It was hilarious. We laughed all the way through.</p><p>11 A Are you______ you locked the door?</p><p>B I'm positive. I remember turning the key.</p><p>12 A Were you______ to hear that Ted is getting married?</p><p>B I was absolutely amazed! I never thought it would happen.</p><p>b 1 53))) Listen and check. How are the strong adjectives</p><p>pronounced? Practice the dialogues in pairs.</p><p>c > - Communication Are you hungry? A p.104 B p.109.</p><p>d Ask and answer with a partner. Ask for more information.</p><p>1 Have you ever been swimming in a place where the water was</p><p>absolutely freezing?</p><p>2 Is there anything that makes you furious about car drivers or bike</p><p>riders in your country?</p><p>3 Are there any animals or insects that you're terrified of?</p><p>4 What’s the most delicious meal you’ve had recently?</p><p>5 Is there a comedian or a comedy series on TV in your country that</p><p>you think is absolutely hilarious?</p><p>7 W R IT IN G</p><p>> - p.114 Writing An informal email. Write an informal email to</p><p>thank somebody you have been staying with and to tell him or her</p><p>what you have been doing recently.</p><p>Online Practice 2B 21</p><p>GUYANA</p><p>Almeirim</p><p>B R A Z I L</p><p>P h o n e c a l l 3</p><p>I haven't been 9____ very well this week.</p><p>The problem is heat exhaustion. They</p><p>say it’s because I haven't been drinking</p><p>enough water. I've been traveling 62 miles a</p><p>day, which is my target. But yesterday after</p><p>52 miles, I was feeling 10____ , and my head</p><p>was aching, and I had to stop and rest.</p><p>1&2 Review and Check</p><p>G R A M M A R</p><p>(Chxle)a, b, or c.</p><p>1 My sister______ fish or seafood.</p><p>a doesn't like b don't like c doesn't likes</p><p>2 I have a quick breakfast because______ in a hurry.</p><p>a I usually b I usually am c I’m usually</p><p>3 I ______ TV when I’m having a meal.</p><p>a never watch b don’t never watch</p><p>c am never watching</p><p>4 I usually drink a lot of diet soda, hut right now</p><p>to cut down.</p><p>a I try b I'm trying c I’m triing</p><p>5 ______ any brothers or sisters?</p><p>a Are you having b Are you have c Do you have</p><p>6 W hat______ when you graduate from school?</p><p>a you are going to do b are you going do</p><p>c are you going to do</p><p>7 I can’t see you this evening because______ some</p><p>friends.</p><p>a I'm meeting b I meet c I’ll meet</p><p>8 A Would you like something to drink?</p><p>B Yes,______ some orange juice, please.</p><p>a I have b I'm having c I’ll have</p><p>9 A I can’t open this jar.</p><p>B ______ help you.</p><p>a I'll b I’m c I'd</p><p>10 That's a pretty dress. Where______ it?</p><p>a have you bought b did you buy</p><p>c did you bought</p><p>11 ______ good at saving money.</p><p>a I've never been b I haven't never been</p><p>c I’ve never</p><p>12 I got $50 for my birthday, but I ______ .</p><p>a didn’t spend it vet b haven’t spent it yet</p><p>c yet I haven't spent it</p><p>13 I've had this computer______ .</p><p>a for about three years b since about three years</p><p>c for about three years ago</p><p>14 A How long______ in Paris?</p><p>B Since last March.</p><p>a is he living b has he living c has he been living</p><p>15 ______ the same gym for five years.</p><p>a I'm going to b I've been going to c I go to</p><p>V O C A B U L A R Y</p><p>a (.Circle)the word that is different.</p><p>1 shrimp mussels duck squid</p><p>2 lamb crab beef pork</p><p>3 cherry pear peach beet</p><p>4 raspberry cucumber pepper cabbagi</p><p>5 fried baked chicken roast</p><p>b Write the opposite adjective.</p><p>1 honest ______ 4 hardworking ______</p><p>2 cheap ______ 5 quiet ______</p><p>3 selfish ______</p><p>c Write verbs for the definitions.</p><p>1 to spend money on something that is not necessary______</p><p>2 to receive money from somebody who has died ______</p><p>3 to get money by working</p><p>4 to get money from somebody that you will pay back______</p><p>5 to keep money so that you can use it later ______</p><p>d Write the strong adjectives.</p><p>1 tired ______ 3 cold ______ 5 angry______</p><p>2 hungry ______ 4 d irty ______</p><p>e Complete the phrasal verbs.</p><p>1 Let’s eat______ tonight. I don't feel like cooking.</p><p>2 I’m allergic to milk, so I have to cu t______ dairy</p><p>products from my diet.</p><p>3 We live______ my salary. My wife is unemployed.</p><p>4 I'll lend you the money if you promise to pay me_____ .</p><p>5 I took $ 2 0 0 ______ of my bank account.</p><p>P R O N U N C IA T IO N</p><p>(Circle)the word with a different sound.</p><p>1 ( j ) peach steak beef steamed</p><p>21 money shop positive honest</p><p>3 ® roast sociable owe account</p><p>4 i filthy bill tiny chicken</p><p>5 afford pork worth organized</p><p>b Underline the stressed syllable.</p><p>1 sal mon 3 i mma ture 5 sen si ble</p><p>2 in vest 4 de li cious</p><p>22</p><p>A</p><p>d</p><p>ap</p><p>te</p><p>d</p><p>fr</p><p>om</p><p>c</p><p>e</p><p>le</p><p>b</p><p>ri</p><p>ty</p><p>n</p><p>e</p><p>tw</p><p>o</p><p>rt</p><p>h</p><p>.c</p><p>o</p><p>m</p><p>C A N Y O U U N D E R S T A N D T H IS T E X T ?</p><p>a Read the article once. When did Bill Morgan's</p><p>luck change?</p><p>When bad luck becomes</p><p>good luck!</p><p>You’ve had a lo t o f bad luck in the past—a bad accident</p><p>and some frightening health problems. Does that keep</p><p>you from doing things in the future that involve luck, like</p><p>buying a lottery ticket?</p><p>Anyone who has bought a ticket for the $500-million</p><p>US Powerball jackpot can only dream of having as</p><p>much luck as Australian truck driver Bill Morgan. In</p><p>case you've never heard of Bill Morgan, his story actually</p><p>begins with some very bad luck. First, he was almost crushed</p><p>to death by a truck accident at work. The accident did not</p><p>kill him, but it did leave Bill with a heart condition. When</p><p>he was given medication for the heart condition, Bill had an</p><p>allergic reaction that caused a powerful heart attack, which</p><p>left him clinically dead for 14 minutes. After being revived by</p><p>doctors, Morgan slipped into a coma for 12 days. During this</p><p>time, his family was advised to unplug his life support system</p><p>not once, but twice. Bill's luck began to change when he</p><p>unexpectedly woke up from the coma without any permanent</p><p>damage. Bill's bad luck was ending and his heartwarming</p><p>story was just beginning.</p><p>After getting better, the 37-year-old Morgan found a new,</p><p>higher-paying job, and asked his long-time girlfriend, Lisa</p><p>Wells, to marry him. Lisa said yes. A week later, Morgan</p><p>bought a scratch-off lottery ticket at his local newsstand.</p><p>Bill scratched the ticket off and realized he had just won</p><p>a brand new car! A local TV news station was so amazed</p><p>by Bill's story that they sent a crew to do a human interest</p><p>story on Bill and his lucky streak. The news crew thought it</p><p>would be fun to re-create Bill's buying and scratching off the</p><p>ticket right on camera. No one could have predicted what</p><p>happened next. The ticket Bill bought for the re-enactment</p><p>ended up being a $250,000 winner! And the best part is, it all</p><p>happened on live TV (almost causing another heart attack).</p><p>b Read the article again. Mark the sentences T (true),</p><p>F (false), or D S (doesn't say).</p><p>1 Bill had a dream about winning the lottery.</p><p>2 Bill's heart condition was caused by the accident.</p><p>3 Bill was in a coma for 14 days.</p><p>4 Bill's new job was in an office.</p><p>5 The news crew bought Bill’s lottery ticket for the</p><p>re-enactment.</p><p>6 Winning $250,000 did not cause Bill to have another</p><p>heart attack.</p><p>c Choose five new words or phrases from the article.</p><p>Check their meaning and pronunciation, and try to</p><p>learn them.</p><p>VIDEO</p><p>C A N Y O U U N D E R S T A N D T H E S E</p><p>PEOPLE?</p><p>1 54))) O n the street Watch or listen to five people and</p><p>answer the questions.</p><p>Max Andrew Samantha Zenobia Skylar</p><p>1 Max says he______ .</p><p>a often made brownies for his sister in the past</p><p>b doesn’t mind sharing his brownies with friends who</p><p>are also feeling down</p><p>c hasn't eaten brownies in a long time</p><p>2 Andrew likes Asian restaurants because______ .</p><p>a he doesn't like cooking</p><p>b it's cheaper than eating at home</p><p>c he can't cook that type of food at home</p><p>3 Samantha and her brother______ .</p><p>a talk to each other a lot b don't like each other at all</p><p>c don't like each other as much after spending a lot of</p><p>time together</p><p>4 Zenobia buys a bag______ .</p><p>a if it’s cheaper than usual b every three months</p><p>c if she needs a new one</p><p>5 Skylar took part in a charity event______ .</p><p>a when she was 15 b for people who are sick with cancer</p><p>c that raised money for captains</p><p>C A N Y O U S A Y T H IS IN EN G LIS H ?</p><p>Do the tasks with a partner. Check ( / ) the box if you can</p><p>do them.</p><p>Can you...?</p><p>1 describe your diet and the typical diet in your</p><p>country, and say how it is changing</p><p>2 □ agree or disagree with the following statement, and</p><p>say why: Ourfavorite fo o d is usually something we</p><p>liked when we were children.</p><p>3 □ describe members of your family, saying what they</p><p>look like and what they are like</p><p>4 __] describe some of your plans and predictions for the</p><p>future (e.g., your education, your family life)</p><p>5 □ ask and answer the following questions:</p><p>• Have you ever won any money? How much did you</p><p>win? What did you do with it?</p><p>• How long have you been learning English?</p><p>Where did you first start learning?</p><p>GOODWILL</p><p>INDUSTRIES</p><p>HF1D ATUPnr</p><p>VIDEO</p><p>Short movies Goodwill Industries</p><p>Watch and enjoy the movie.</p><p>23</p><p>G comparatives and superlatives</p><p>V transportation</p><p>P /J/, /d3/, and /tJ7, linking</p><p>Race across Miami</p><p>What’s the</p><p>best way to get</p><p>around New York</p><p>City?</p><p>Probably the</p><p>subway although</p><p>taxis are more</p><p>comfortable.</p><p>1 V O C A B U L A R Y & S P E A K IN G</p><p>transportation</p><p>a In pairs, can you think o f four different forms of</p><p>public transportation in towns and cities in your</p><p>country?</p><p>b > - p.155 Vocabulary Bank Transportation.</p><p>2 P R O N U N C IA T IO N /J/, /d3/, and /tJ7</p><p>a 2 4))) Look at the pictures. W hat are the words</p><p>and sounds? Listen and repeat.</p><p>adventure bridge catch crash dangerous</p><p>each rush station traffic jam</p><p>c 2 5))) Listen and check. Practice saying the words.</p><p>d Look at the words in the columns. W hat are the</p><p>typical spellings for these sounds? Go to the</p><p>Sound Bank p.167 and check.</p><p>e 2 6))) Listen to the pairs o f words. Can you hear</p><p>the difference? Practice saying them.</p><p>/tJ7 and /d3/</p><p>1 a cheap b jeep</p><p>2 a chain b jane</p><p>3 a choke b joke</p><p>/J7 and /tfl</p><p>4 a ship b chip</p><p>5 a shoes b choose</p><p>6 a wash b watch</p><p>g 2 8))) Listen and write five sentences.</p><p>24</p><p>3 R E A D IN G & L IS T E N IN G</p><p>a You are going to read about a race that the car show Top</p><p>G ear organized across the US state o f Florida. Read the</p><p>introduction and answer the questions.</p><p>1 Where do they have to go from? Where to?</p><p>2 What are the three methods of transportation?</p><p>3 Which one do you think will be the fastest? Why?</p><p>4 In what order do you think the other two will arrive? Why?</p><p>On Top Gear, a very popular TV series about cars and driving,</p><p>they decided to organize a race across Florida to find the</p><p>quickest way to cross a busy state. The idea was to start from</p><p>Miami, in the southwestern part of the tip of Florida, and to</p><p>finish the race at the southern-most point of the US, Key West,</p><p>a trip of 160 miles. Three possible form s of transportation</p><p>were chosen: a motorboat, a car, and a combination of</p><p>transportation. One of the show’s hosts, Rutledge Wood, took</p><p>the motorboat and his colleague Adam Ferrera took the car</p><p>(a 2010 Lotus Evora). Tanner Foust took different kinds of</p><p>transportation. His trip involved getting a taxi to the airport</p><p>where he flew in a seaplane. Then he rented a scooter.</p><p>They set o ff from Jones Boat Yard on the Miami River...</p><p>What’s the fastest way</p><p>b Write three words from the list in each column.</p><p>2»7))) Listen andt^ircj^the word you hear.</p><p>His trip began in the Miami River. For the first hour there</p><p>was a speed limit of 7 miles an hour because of the</p><p>enforced no-wake zone in the river. Once the boat passed</p><p>through Biscayne Bay and went under the Rickenbacker</p><p>Bridge, he entered open water. Rutledge increased the</p><p>boat’s speed to over 90 miles an hour and made up the time</p><p>he lost on the Miami River. Approximately 60 miles from</p><p>the finish line, Rutledge was ahead of Adam and Tanner,</p><p>but he had to stop for gas if he wanted to reach the finish</p><p>line in Key West. In the 15 minutes it took to refuel the boat,</p><p>Adam passed Rutledge in the car and took the lead. Once</p><p>Rutledge was back on the open water, there were a lot of</p><p>big waves, but he was able to pass Adam near Seven Mile</p><p>Bridge just outside of Key West. Unfortunately for both</p><p>Rutledge and Adam, Tanner flew over both of them in the</p><p>seaplane at about the same time. Now Tanner was in the</p><p>best position to win. Each racer was only miles from the</p><p>finish line in Key West. Who would win?</p><p>Adam started off OK. He wasn’t driving fast because</p><p>he was going the speed limit. However, after an hour,</p><p>Adam decided that he was going too slowly. He increased</p><p>his speed to 75 miles an hour— 20 miles an hour over</p><p>the speed limit. As Adam passed through a small town,</p><p>he was stopped by the police! They were angry that</p><p>Adam was speeding, and it meant that Adam lost many</p><p>valuable minutes! Another problem Adam had was that</p><p>his GPS was programmed to give directions in Spanish</p><p>instead of English. This made finding his way to Key West</p><p>difficult. As Adam finally approached Key West, the traffic</p><p>was getting worse. He was worried about getting stuck so</p><p>close to the finish line. Only three miles to go...</p><p>b Now read about the trips by motorboat and car. Do</p><p>you still think your predictions in 3a are right?</p><p>c Read the two trips again and answer the questions</p><p>with R (Rutledge) or A (Adam).</p><p>W h o ...?</p><p>1 □ went much faster in the later part o f his trip</p><p>2 Q] did something illegal</p><p>3 [_j went more slowly in the later part o f his trip</p><p>4 Q had to stop for more gas</p><p>5 I_] couldn’t understand the directions spoken by</p><p>the GPS</p><p>6 ŋ was in the lead for most of the race</p><p>d Look at the highlighted verbs and verb phrases.</p><p>With a partner, figure out their meaning from</p><p>context.</p><p>e 2 9))) Now listen to what happened to Tanner.</p><p>Follow his route on the map.</p><p>f 2 10))) With a partner, write down the order in which</p><p>you now think the three people arrived. Now listen to</p><p>what happened. What order did they arrive in?</p><p>g > • Communication I’m a tourist - can you help me?</p><p>A p.104 B p.109.</p><p>Glossary</p><p>1 mile the unit o f distance used in the US and the UK (=1.6</p><p>kilometers); 160 miles = 257 kilometers</p><p>seaplane an airplane that can take off from the water or the land</p><p>no-wake zone an area of water where boats must travel slowly to</p><p>avoid making waves</p><p>Online Practice ■ 3A 25</p><p>Rutledge in the motorboat</p><p>Tanner in the seaplane</p><p>Adam in the car</p><p>4 G R A M M A R comparatives and superlatives 6 L IS T E N IN G</p><p>a Read the sentences. Are the highlighted phrases right or wrong?</p><p>Write a check ( / ) or an X next to them and correct the wrong</p><p>sentences.</p><p>1 □ What's the quicker way to get around Miami?</p><p>2 I ] Driving is more boring than going by train.</p><p>3 Q The boat was almost as fast than the hike.</p><p>4 L J West Hollywood is the same distance from Los Angeles as</p><p>South Gate.</p><p>5 □ There aren’t as much trains as there were before on this line.</p><p>6 Q It was the more exciting trip I’ve ever taken.</p><p>7 Ld The worst time of day to travel in New York City is between</p><p>7:30 a.m. and 9:30 a.m.</p><p>8 [ ] Women drive more careful than men.</p><p>b > - p.136 Grammar Bank 3A. Learn more about comparatives and</p><p>superlatives, and practice them.</p><p>5 P R O N U N C IA T IO N linking</p><p>Linking</p><p>We often link words together in English, especially when we speak</p><p>fast. We link words:</p><p>1 when a word ends in a consonant sound and the next word begins</p><p>with a vowel sound, e.g., more^exciting</p><p>2 when a word ends in a consonant sound and the next word begins</p><p>with the same consonant sound, e.g., the fastest^train</p><p>3 when a word ends in /t/ or /d/ and the next word begins with HI or</p><p>/d/, e.g., the biggest^dog</p><p>a 2 14))) Listen and repeat the sentences. Try to link the marked</p><p>words and copy the rhythm.</p><p>ı Ridings motorcycle j s morejexciting than driving.</p><p>2 Thefastestjtrairuonly ta k e ^ it jio u c a n o half.</p><p>3 it's more d iff ic u lty drivq^t night than during the day.</p><p>4 My father’s</p><p>worsq^tjdriving than my mother</p><p>5 The mostjdangerous roadjn my towrljs the freeway.</p><p>b Talk to a partner. For each group o f three things compare them</p><p>using the bold adjective, i.e., for 1 decide which is the most</p><p>dangerous, and then compare the other two. Say why.</p><p>1 dangerous: riding a bike; riding a motorcycle; driving</p><p>2 easy: learning to drive; learning to ride a bike; learning to ride</p><p>a horse</p><p>3 relaxing: flying; traveling by train; driving</p><p>4 difficult: sleeping on a train; sleeping in a plane; sleeping</p><p>on a bus</p><p>5 boring: being stuck in a traffic jam; waiting at an airport;</p><p>waiting for a bus</p><p>I think riding a bike is the most dangerous because</p><p>sometimes drivers don’t notice bike riders. Riding</p><p>a motorcycle is more dangerous than driving.</p><p>a Read the text and then talk to a partner.</p><p>1 Which of these things do you (or people you</p><p>know) do when you are driving?</p><p>2 Which do you think are the most</p><p>dangerous? Number them 1-3 (1 = the most</p><p>dangerous).</p><p>3 Which one do you think is the least</p><p>dangerous?</p><p>b 2 15))) Now listen to a safety expert.</p><p>Number the activities 1-7. Were your top</p><p>three right?</p><p>c Listen again for more information about</p><p>each activity and why it is dangerous.</p><p>26 3A</p><p>Which of these things</p><p>is the most (and least)</p><p>dangerous</p><p>when you're driving a car?</p><p>A car magazine tested drivers in a driving</p><p>simulator. The drivers had to drive in the</p><p>simulator and do the things in the list below.</p><p>A E a t in g o r d r in k in g □</p><p>A T a lk in g o n a ce l l p h o n e (n o t h a n d s f r e e ) □</p><p>A S e t t i n g o r a d ju s t in g a G P S □</p><p>A L i s t e n in g t o y o u r f a v o r i t e m u s ic □</p><p>A L i s t e n in g t o m u s ic y o u d o n ' t k n o w □</p><p>A S e n d in g o f r e c e i v in g t e x t m e s s a g e s □</p><p>A D o in g y o u f h a ir o r p u t t i n g o n m a k e u p □</p><p>7 S P E A K IN G</p><p>a Look at the statements below and decide</p><p>whether you agree or disagree. Check ( / )</p><p>the ones you agree with and put an X next</p><p>to the ones you disagree with. Think about</p><p>your reasons.</p><p>Slow drivers cause more accidents than</p><p>fast drivers.</p><p>People who drink and drive should lose</p><p>their driver’s license for life.</p><p>Speed cameras do not stop accidents.</p><p>Drivers who are over 70 are as dangerous as</p><p>young drivers.</p><p>Bike riders should have to wear helmets.</p><p>The minimum age for riding a motorcycle</p><p>should be 25.</p><p>The speed limit on freeways should be lower.</p><p>b In groups, give your opinions about each</p><p>statement. Try to use expressions from the</p><p>box. Do you agree?</p><p>P Agreeing and disagreeing</p><p>I agree/don’t agree with this.</p><p>with Juan.</p><p>I th ink/don't think you’re right.</p><p>that's</p><p>I completely/totally agree.</p><p>disagree.</p><p>8 W R IT IN G</p><p>> - p.115 Writing An article for a</p><p>m agazine. Write a magazine article about</p><p>transportation in your town or city.</p><p>9 2 1B«) S O N G 500 M/'iesj:</p><p>Online Practice 3A 27</p><p>G articles: a / an, the, no article</p><p>V collocation: verbs / adjectives + prepositions</p><p>P bl, sentence stress, Ids/ or Idil?</p><p>Do you think</p><p>women ta lk more</p><p>than men?</p><p>3B Stereotypes - or are they?</p><p>Yes, in general</p><p>I think they</p><p>probably do.</p><p>1 R E A D IN G & S P E A K IN G</p><p>a In pairs, answer the questions.</p><p>1 Are you a talkative or a quiet person?</p><p>2 Who is...?</p><p>a the most talkative person in your family</p><p>b the most talkative person you know'</p><p>3 Do you think that, generally speaking, women are</p><p>more talkative than men?</p><p>4 What topics do...?</p><p>a men talk about more than women</p><p>b women talk about more than men</p><p>b Look at the definition of stereotype. Then A read the article</p><p>Men talkjust as much as women and B read the article</p><p>Gossip with the girls? Find answers to questions 1-4.</p><p>stereotype noun a fixed idea about a particular type</p><p>o f person or thing, which is often not true in reality. > - stereotype</p><p>verb In advertisem ents, w om en are o ften stereo ty p ed as housewives.</p><p>1 What was the stereotype that the researchers wanted</p><p>to investigate?</p><p>2 Where was the research done?</p><p>3 How was the research done?</p><p>4 What did the research show?</p><p>c In pairs, tell each other about your article, using</p><p>questions 1 -4 to help you.</p><p>d Now read both articles again and look at the highlighted</p><p>words and phrases, which are commonly used in articles</p><p>about research. Match them with definitions 1-10.</p><p>1 In fact adverb really</p><p>2 ________ verb make less</p><p>3 ________ usually do it</p><p>4 ________ adverb a little bit</p><p>5 ________ linking word used to connect or contrast</p><p>two facts</p><p>6 ________ verb say that something is true</p><p>7 ________ as said or shown by somebody</p><p>8 ________ verb include several different things in</p><p>addition to the ones mentioned</p><p>9 ________ adverb nearly</p><p>10 not completely believed, doubted</p><p>e Which o f the two pieces o f research do you think is ...?</p><p>1 more credible 3 more surprising</p><p>2 more important</p><p>28</p><p>Men talk just as</p><p>much as women -</p><p>can it really be true?</p><p>Research by psychologists at the University of</p><p>Arizona has shown that the stereotype that</p><p>women talk more than men may not be true. In</p><p>the study, hundreds of college students were fitted</p><p>with recorders, and the total number of words they</p><p>used during the day was then counted.</p><p>The results, published in the New Scientist, showed that</p><p>women speak about 16,000 words a day and men speak</p><p>only slightly fewer. In fact, the four most talkative people</p><p>in the study were all men.</p><p>Professor Matthias Mehl, who was in charge of the</p><p>research, said that he and his colleagues had expected to</p><p>find that women were more talkative.</p><p>GOSSIP WITH THE</p><p>GIRLS? JUST PICK ANY</p><p>ONE OF FORTY SUBJECTS</p><p>Women are experts at gossiping - and they often</p><p>talk about trivial things, or at least that's what</p><p>men have always thought. However according to</p><p>research done by Professor Petra Boynton, a psychologist</p><p>at University College London,</p><p>when women talk to women their</p><p>conversations are not trivial at all, and</p><p>cover many more topics (up to 40) than</p><p>when men talk to other men.</p><p>Women's conversations range from</p><p>health to their houses, from politics to</p><p>fashion, from movies to family, from</p><p>education to relationship problems.</p><p>Almost everything, in fact, except</p><p>soccer. Men tend to talk about fewer</p><p>subjects, the most popular being work,</p><p>sports, jokes, cars, and women.</p><p>However, they had been skeptical of the</p><p>common belief that women use three times as</p><p>many words as men. This idea became popular</p><p>after the publication of a book called The</p><p>Fem ale Brain (2006) whose author, Louann</p><p>Brizendine, claimed that “a woman uses about</p><p>20,000 words per day, whereas a man uses</p><p>about 7,000.”</p><p>Professor Mehl accepts that many people will</p><p>find the results difficult to believe. However, he</p><p>thinks that this research is important because</p><p>the stereotype, that women talk too much and</p><p>men keep quiet, is bad not only for women but</p><p>also for men. “It says that to be a good male, it’s</p><p>better not to talk - that silence is golden.”</p><p>Professor Boynton interviewed over 1,000</p><p>women for her study. She also found that women</p><p>move quickly from one subject to another in</p><p>conversation, whereas men usually stick to one</p><p>subject for longer periods of time.</p><p>Professor Boynton also says that men and women</p><p>talk for different reasons. In social situations,</p><p>women use conversation to solve problems and</p><p>reduce stress, while men talk to each other to</p><p>laugh or to exchange opinions.</p><p>2 G R A M M A R articles: a / an, the, no article</p><p>a Complete 1 -4 with a / an, the, or - (no article).</p><p>1 “Have you heard this joke?____ hamburger and____ French fry</p><p>walk into a coffee shop.____waitress says, “I'm sorry. We don't</p><p>serve____ food here.”</p><p>2 “I just read____article on____ Internet about how eating____</p><p>strawberries makes you look younger..</p><p>3 “I’m sure there’s something wrong between us because we never</p><p>go out to ____ dinner or to ____ movies anymore.”</p><p>4 “Did you watch____game____ last night? I can’t believe that_____</p><p>referee didn’t see that it was____ penalty..</p><p>b According to the article Gossip with the girls?, who do you think</p><p>would probably say 1 -4 ,</p>