Lesson 13-15

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<p>はじめに</p><p>本書は仮名学習を終えた学習者が初級文法を短期間で学ぶために作られました。独学の方でも</p><p>分かりやすいように簡潔に書かれています。JLPT N5 の合格に必要な文法を網羅していますが、</p><p>実用的なレベルに到るには、別の本と併用して使用することをお勧めします。</p><p>本書を学び終えたらなら、簡単な会話の文法はほぼマスターしたとも言えます。</p><p>毎日学習できるよう 2 ページの短いセクションに分かれており、1 ページが文法、もう 1 ペー</p><p>ジが練習問題になっています。ゆっくり学習しても数ヶ月で終えることができます。</p><p>iPhone 用の無料日本語学習アプリ「Coban」も本書と併用していただくとより効率よく学習で</p><p>きますので、是非ご利用ください。</p><p>Introduction.</p><p>This book is designed to help students who already know hiragana and katakana to learn</p><p>essential Japanese grammar quickly. The explanations are simplified to make self-learning</p><p>easy.</p><p>The book covers the grammar needed to pass the JLPT N5 but combining it with other</p><p>materials or books will help you feel more comfortable speaking Japanese.</p><p>By the end of this book, you should have almost mastered the grammar used in many basic</p><p>conversations.</p><p>The book is divided into short two-page sections, with one page for grammar and another for</p><p>exercises. If you study a new concept every one or two days you should be able to finish the</p><p>book in a couple of months.</p><p>You can also use the free Japanese learning app 'Coban' for iPhone to supplement your studies.</p><p>Japanese Grammar : Coban</p><p>for learning Japanese</p><p>Free</p><p>https://apps.apple.com/us/app/japanese-grammar-coban/id1506009508</p><p>This is an app for studying a combination of basic grammar, vocabulary, pronunciation and kanji using</p><p>different exercises and tools.</p><p>Audio files are available for all materials (exercises, words, etc.) so you can learn the correct pronunciation.</p><p>You will also become familiar with the more than 800 words needed to pass the JLPT N5.</p><p>The grammar tips cover basic and also more advanced concepts.</p><p>Your efforts are recorded on your profile page to motivate you to learn ever more Japanese.</p><p>https://apps.apple.com/es/app/japanese-grammar-coban/id1506009508</p><p>Lesson</p><p>- 30 -</p><p>Future affirmative ます Past affirmative ました</p><p>Future negative ません Past negative ませんでした</p><p>NIHONGO LIBRARY</p><p>nihongolibrary.com13</p><p>Verb groups 1 and 5</p><p>Japanese verbs don’t change their forms based on who’s speaking. There are two classes of regu-</p><p>lar verbs.</p><p>■ Group 1 (1 だん )</p><p>In their dictionary form, Group 1 verbs end in る (i-ru or e-ru). The stem form is needed to</p><p>conjugate the verbs and verb suffixes depending on the tense. The stem form is made by removing</p><p>the final る (ru).</p><p>■ Group 5 (5 だん )</p><p>In their dictionary form, Group 5 verbs end in the vowel “u”, like the sounds う , つ , る , く ,</p><p>ぐ , す , む , ぶ , and ぬ .</p><p>These ending “u” sounds are dropped and replaced with “i” to form the Group 5 stem form.</p><p>to see, watch: みる → み to sleep: ねる → ね to get up: おきる → おき</p><p>Future affirmative Future negative Past affirmative Past negative</p><p>見</p><p>み</p><p>る : to watch 見</p><p>み</p><p>ます 見</p><p>み</p><p>ません 見</p><p>み</p><p>ました 見</p><p>み</p><p>ませんでした</p><p>寝</p><p>ね</p><p>る : to sleep 寝</p><p>ね</p><p>ます 寝</p><p>ね</p><p>ません 寝</p><p>ね</p><p>ました 寝</p><p>ね</p><p>ませんでした</p><p>起</p><p>お</p><p>きる : to get up 起</p><p>お</p><p>きます 起</p><p>お</p><p>きません 起</p><p>お</p><p>きました 起</p><p>お</p><p>きませんでした</p><p>In most books, ます represents the present affirmative, but this is not entirely accurate.</p><p>It actually refers to future actions and actions that have not started yet. But depending</p><p>on the adverb (every day, every morning, sometimes...etc.) that accompanies the verb, this</p><p>form can represent the present.</p><p>- Note -</p><p>to speak: はなす → はなし</p><p>hanasu → hanashi</p><p>to write: かく → かき</p><p>kaku → kaki</p><p>to drink: のむ → のみ</p><p>nomu → nomi</p><p>Future affirmative Future negative Past affirmative Past negative</p><p>話</p><p>はな</p><p>す : to speak 話</p><p>はな</p><p>します 話</p><p>はな</p><p>しません 話</p><p>はな</p><p>しました 話</p><p>はな</p><p>しませんでした</p><p>書</p><p>か</p><p>く : to write 書</p><p>か</p><p>きます 書</p><p>か</p><p>きません 書</p><p>か</p><p>きました 書</p><p>か</p><p>きませんでした</p><p>飲</p><p>の</p><p>む : to drink 飲</p><p>の</p><p>みます 飲</p><p>の</p><p>みません 飲</p><p>の</p><p>みました 起</p><p>お</p><p>きませんでした</p><p>練</p><p>れんしゅうもんだい</p><p>習問題</p><p>- 31 -</p><p>NIHONGO LIBRARY</p><p>nihongolibrary.com</p><p>食</p><p>た</p><p>べる : to eat 寝</p><p>ね</p><p>る : to sleep</p><p>Future affirmative ます</p><p>Future negative ません</p><p>Past affirmative ました</p><p>Past negative ませんでした</p><p>見</p><p>み</p><p>る : to watch, see 起</p><p>お</p><p>きる : to get up</p><p>Future affirmative</p><p>Future negative</p><p>Past affirmative</p><p>Past negative</p><p>■ Conjugate the following verbs.</p><p>書</p><p>か</p><p>く : to write 行</p><p>い</p><p>く : to go</p><p>Future affirmative ます</p><p>Future negative ません</p><p>Past affirmative ました</p><p>Past negative ませんでした</p><p>聞</p><p>き</p><p>く : to listen 飲</p><p>の</p><p>む : to drink</p><p>Future affirmative</p><p>Future negative</p><p>Past affirmative</p><p>Past negative</p><p>買</p><p>か</p><p>う : to buy 読</p><p>よ</p><p>む : to read</p><p>Future affirmative</p><p>Future negative</p><p>Past affirmative</p><p>Past negative</p><p>話</p><p>はな</p><p>す : to speak 　帰</p><p>かえ</p><p>る : to go home, return</p><p>Future affirmative</p><p>Future negative</p><p>Past affirmative</p><p>Past negative</p><p>■ Conjugate the following verbs.</p><p>Lesson</p><p>- 32 -</p><p>Future affirmative ます Past affirmative ました</p><p>Future negative ません Past negative ませんでした</p><p>NIHONGO LIBRARY</p><p>nihongolibrary.com14</p><p>Irregular verbs</p><p>These are only two irregular verbs する (to do) and くる (to come).</p><p>■ The stem forms are as follows:</p><p>Like other verbs, these are conjugated by adding a verb suffix to the stem.</p><p>The verb suffixes are as follows:</p><p>to do: する → し to come: くる → き</p><p>Future affirmative Future negative Past affirmative Past negative</p><p>する : to do します しません しました しませんでした</p><p>来</p><p>く</p><p>る : to come 来</p><p>き</p><p>ます 来</p><p>き</p><p>ません 来</p><p>き</p><p>ました 来</p><p>き</p><p>ませんでした</p><p>There are only two main kinds of irregular verb, but other verbs that end in する and 来</p><p>く</p><p>る</p><p>are conjugated in the same way as the above-mentioned verbs.</p><p>• 勉</p><p>べんきょう</p><p>強 する → 勉</p><p>べんきょう</p><p>強 します • to study</p><p>• 散</p><p>さんぽ</p><p>歩する → 散</p><p>さんぽ</p><p>歩します • to take a walk</p><p>• 持</p><p>も</p><p>って来</p><p>く</p><p>る →　持</p><p>も</p><p>って来</p><p>き</p><p>ます • to bring</p><p>- Note -</p><p>昨</p><p>きのう</p><p>日 日</p><p>にほん</p><p>本の映</p><p>えいが</p><p>画を見</p><p>み</p><p>ました。 毎</p><p>まいあさ</p><p>朝 コーヒーを飲</p><p>の</p><p>みます。</p><p>Yesterday I saw a Japanese movie. I drink coffee every morning.</p><p>お父</p><p>とう</p><p>さんは 毎</p><p>まいあさ</p><p>朝 公</p><p>こうえん</p><p>園 を 散</p><p>さんぽ</p><p>歩します。 昨</p><p>きのう</p><p>日この道</p><p>みち</p><p>を 通</p><p>とお</p><p>りました。</p><p>My father takes a walk in the park every morning. I passed by this road yesterday.</p><p>いつもあの駅</p><p>えき</p><p>で 電</p><p>でんしゃ</p><p>車 を 降</p><p>お</p><p>ります。 彼</p><p>かれ</p><p>は 去</p><p>きょねん</p><p>年 大</p><p>だいがく</p><p>学 を 卒</p><p>そつぎょう</p><p>業 しました。</p><p>I always get off the train at that station. He graduated from college last year.</p><p>Particle を</p><p>■ 1) The particle を indicates the direct object of a transitive verb.</p><p>■ 2) The particle を also indicates the location of some movements or the location the sub-</p><p>ject is leaving for the following verbs:</p><p>通</p><p>とお</p><p>る (to pass), 歩</p><p>ある</p><p>く (to walk), 飛</p><p>と</p><p>ぶ (to fly), 登</p><p>のぼ</p><p>る (to climb, go up)</p><p>■ 3) The particle を also indicates the location from which a remote action takes place. It</p><p>is used with a verb of remoteness such as the following.</p><p>出</p><p>で</p><p>る (to go out), 卒</p><p>そつぎょう</p><p>業 する (to graduate), 降</p><p>お</p><p>りる (to get off),</p><p>null</p><p>1.9330605</p><p>XXX -</p><p>proc_tm = "0.093";</p><p>db_tm = "0";</p><p>q_tm = "0";</p><p>audio_duration = "1.915";</p><p>date = "20200510_05:44:25.668";</p><p>host = "APS-17";</p><p>kbps = "48";</p><p>khz = "22050";</p><p>lip_string = "f0=13&f1=7&f2=1&f3=1&f4=1&f5=3&f6=3&f7=13&f8=7&f9=5&f10=7&f11=5&f12=13&f13=13&f14=13&f15=8&f16=8&f17=7&f18=5&f19=9&f20=9&f21=5&f22=5&f23=0&nofudge=1&lipversion=2&ok=1";</p><p>timed_phonemes = "P,0,46,62,x	P,46,86,78,s	P,86,146,78,E	P,146,226,76,n	P,226,406,82,O	P,406,516,14,p	P,516,546,69,d	P,546,596,86,y	P,596,646,85,N	P,646,686,83,b	P,686,806,87,^	P,806,896,76,n	P,896,966,86,I	P,966,1186,90,E	P,1186,1226,79,D	P,1226,1406,88,W	P,1406,1476,76,N	P,1476,1506,81,E	P,1506,1536,79,N	P,1536,1596,91,a	P,1596,1726,69,s	P,1726,1776,60,D	P,1776,1866,87,a	P,1866,1896,45,x";</p><p>text = "MnFå,n ;��~W_� ";</p><p>null</p><p>1.724081</p><p>XXX -</p><p>proc_tm = "0.062";</p><p>db_tm = "0";</p><p>q_tm = "0";</p><p>audio_duration = "1.705";</p><p>date = "20191207_10:05:28.792";</p><p>host = "APS-8";</p><p>kbps = "48";</p><p>khz = "22050";</p><p>lip_string = "f0=8&f1=5&f2=5&f3=5&f4=12&f5=12&f6=5&f7=6&f8=14&f9=12&f10=12&f11=10&f12=13&f13=7&f14=7&f15=7&f16=13&f17=7&f18=5&f19=12&f20=0&nofudge=1&lipversion=2&ok=1";</p><p>timed_phonemes = "P,0,56,55,x	P,56,96,88,G	P,96,166,97,W	P,166,316,88,A	P,316,436,77,T	P,436,536,91,a	P,536,626,17,t	P,626,706,61,G	P,706,866,81,l	P,866,956,81,S	P,956,1066,79,E	P,1066,1116,76,N	P,1116,1146,80,!	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The cat went toward the mountain.</p><p>来</p><p>らいねん</p><p>年ケンはイギリスへ行</p><p>い</p><p>きます。 今</p><p>こんしゅうまつ</p><p>週 末イタリアへ旅</p><p>りょこう</p><p>行します。</p><p>Ken will go to the UK next year. I’m going on a trip to Italy this weekend.</p><p>Particle へ</p><p>This particle may be translated as the preposition “to” in English.</p><p>■ 1) Direction : The particle へ indicates a direction when paired with the expression ほう ,</p><p>which means “in the direction of, toward”.</p><p>■ 2) Destination : Like the particle に , the particle へ can also indicate the destination.</p><p>明</p><p>あした</p><p>日 会</p><p>かいしゃ</p><p>社に行</p><p>い</p><p>きますか。 来</p><p>らいしゅう</p><p>週 山</p><p>やま</p><p>に行</p><p>い</p><p>きます。</p><p>Will you come to the office tomorrow? I will go to the mountain next week.</p><p>今</p><p>いま</p><p>レストランにいます。 どこにいましたか。</p><p>Now I’m at a restaurant. Where were you?</p><p>何</p><p>なんじ</p><p>時に電</p><p>でんしゃ</p><p>車は来ますか。 ８時</p><p>じ</p><p>にうちを出</p><p>で</p><p>ます。</p><p>What time will the train come? I leave home at 8 a.m.</p><p>サラさんの友</p><p>ともだち</p><p>達に会</p><p>あ</p><p>いました。 今</p><p>こんばん</p><p>晩 家</p><p>かぞく</p><p>族に電</p><p>でんわ</p><p>話をかけます。</p><p>I met Sarah’s friend. I will call (telephone) my family tonight.</p><p>In general へ is pronounced “he”, but when it is a particle, it is pronounced “e”.</p><p>• 平</p><p>へいわ</p><p>和 heiwa (noun): peace</p><p>• 山</p><p>やま</p><p>へ 行</p><p>い</p><p>く yama e iku (particle): I will go to the mountain</p><p>- Note -</p><p>null</p><p>1.776326</p><p>XXX -</p><p>proc_tm = "0.071";</p><p>db_tm = "0";</p><p>q_tm = "0";</p><p>audio_duration = "1.725";</p><p>date = "20191207_09:42:03.585";</p><p>host = "APS-2";</p><p>kbps = "48";</p><p>khz = "22050";</p><p>lip_string = "f0=15&f1=14&f2=12&f3=12&f4=5&f5=6&f6=6&f7=15&f8=7&f9=5&f10=15&f11=12&f12=12&f13=5&f14=5&f15=6&f16=9&f17=3&f18=5&f19=9&f20=5&f21=0&nofudge=1&lipversion=2&ok=1";</p><p>timed_phonemes = "P,0,36,68,x	P,36,96,93,i	P,96,176,69,G	P,176,276,83,l	P,276,396,92,I	P,396,526,32,t	P,526,586,93,i	P,586,656,83,n	P,656,716,91,a	P,716,756,75,n	P,756,836,86,e	P,836,876,78,v	P,876,1016,84,l	P,1016,1166,85,A	P,1166,1246,59,d	P,1246,1306,82,j	P,1306,1366,78,m	P,1366,1416,90,H	P,1416,1536,75,s	P,1536,1586,62,d	P,1586,1676,91,a	P,1676,1706,66,x";</p><p>text = "+oqn¹xLM~W_� ";</p><p>null</p><p>2.4119718</p><p>XXX -</p><p>proc_tm = "0.077";</p><p>db_tm = "0";</p><p>q_tm = "0";</p><p>audio_duration = "2.462";</p><p>date = "20200510_10:56:40.800";</p><p>host = "APS-15";</p><p>kbps = "48";</p><p>khz = "22050";</p><p>lip_string = "f0=0&f1=8&f2=8&f3=3&f4=5&f5=5&f6=5&f7=0&f8=0&f9=0&f10=6&f11=15&f12=1&f13=11&f14=5&f15=6&f16=13&f17=13&f18=15&f19=12&f20=12&f21=15&f22=15&f23=6&f24=6&f25=9&f26=11&f27=2&f28=0&f29=0&f30=0&nofudge=1&lipversion=2&ok=1";</p><p>timed_phonemes = "P,0,56,82,x	P,56,176,95,W	P,176,296,78,m	P,296,416,88,a	P,416,476,63,!	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P,966,1016,73,R	P,1016,1086,83,^	P,1086,1176,61,T	P,1176,1256,44,k	P,1256,1346,90,c	P,1346,1436,44,x";</p><p>text = "BW_</p><p>null</p><p>1.6838362</p><p>XXX -</p><p>proc_tm = "0.061";</p><p>db_tm = "0";</p><p>q_tm = "0";</p><p>audio_duration = "1.682";</p><p>date = "20200510_10:44:54.821";</p><p>host = "APS-14";</p><p>kbps = "48";</p><p>khz = "22050";</p><p>lip_string = "f0=0&f1=5&f2=9&f3=9&f4=1&f5=1&f6=0&f7=0&f8=0&f9=0&f10=15&f11=11&f12=5&f13=1&f14=7&f15=3&f16=9&f17=3&f18=0&f19=0&f20=0&nofudge=1&lipversion=2&ok=1";</p><p>timed_phonemes = "P,0,56,82,x	P,56,166,92,a	P,166,316,84,s	P,316,466,79,U	P,466,506,38,n	P,506,536,0,x	P,536,786,0,x	P,786,836,31,t	P,836,906,92,e	P,906,986,84,R	P,986,1046,88,^	P,1046,1146,76,U	P,1146,1226,74,n	P,1226,1286,60,b	P,1286,1346,79,s	P,1346,1416,76,m	P,1416,1456,90,W	P,1456,1496,86,n	P,1496,1656,67,x";</p><p>text = "e1�qkLM~Y� ";</p><p>null</p><p>1.3421221</p><p>XXX -</p><p>proc_tm = "0.069";</p><p>db_tm = "0";</p><p>q_tm = "0";</p><p>audio_duration = "1.285";</p><p>date = "20191207_10:01:51.232";</p><p>host = "APS-19";</p><p>kbps = "48";</p><p>khz = "22050";</p><p>lip_string = "f0=5&f1=5&f2=5&f3=5&f4=15&f5=15&f6=12&f7=15&f8=4&f9=7&f10=7&f11=7&f12=3&f13=5&f14=2&f15=0&nofudge=1&lipversion=2&ok=1";</p><p>timed_phonemes = "P,0,36,52,x	P,36,96,46,l	P,96,146,55,m	P,146,266,76,^	P,266,326,24,n	P,326,436,82,i	P,436,556,48,T	P,556,636,73,e	P,636,736,77,c	P,736,916,48,n	P,916,986,46,m	P,986,1066,76,a	P,1066,1236,37,F	P,1236,1266,0,x";</p><p>text = "Êì¹ÈéókD~Y� ";</p><p>null</p><p>0.913578</p><p>XXX -</p><p>proc_tm = "0.091";</p><p>db_tm = "0";</p><p>q_tm = "0";</p><p>audio_duration = "0.924";</p><p>date = "20191207_09:41:25.020";</p><p>host = "APS-9";</p><p>kbps = "48";</p><p>khz = "22050";</p><p>lip_string = "f0=1&f1=1&f2=11&f3=7&f4=7&f5=13&f6=7&f7=9&f8=0&nofudge=1&lipversion=2&ok=1";</p><p>timed_phonemes = "P,0,46,64,x	P,46,136,67,O	P,136,186,54,t	P,186,236,87,R	P,236,346,70,n	P,346,426,69,y	P,426,546,82,n	P,546,636,77,s	P,636,696,48,p	P,696,736,94,a	P,736,786,47,n	P,786,826,70,G	P,826,866,92,H	P,866,906,91,x";</p><p>text = "iSkD~W_K� ";</p><p>null</p><p>1.6195914</p><p>XXX -</p><p>proc_tm = "0.066";</p><p>db_tm = "0";</p><p>q_tm = "0";</p><p>audio_duration = "1.546";</p><p>date = "20191207_09:41:25.828";</p><p>host = "DCAPS-3";</p><p>kbps = "48";</p><p>khz = "22050";</p><p>lip_string = "f0=8&f1=8&f2=7&f3=9&f4=7&f5=5&f6=5&f7=5&f8=9&f9=11&f10=5&f11=6&f12=9&f13=3&f14=5&f15=12&f16=14&f17=8&f18=0&nofudge=1&lipversion=2&ok=1";</p><p>timed_phonemes = "P,0,36,48,x	P,36,66,76,D	P,66,166,91,W	P,166,226,75,N	P,226,306,78,z	P,306,396,71,N	P,396,446,63,n	P,446,486,65,b	P,486,626,83,A	P,626,716,82,z	P,716,756,87,!	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P,1496,1526,58,x";</p><p>text = "UBkûÊoe~YK� ";</p><p>null</p><p>1.358367</p><p>XXX -</p><p>proc_tm = "0.078";</p><p>db_tm = "0";</p><p>q_tm = "0";</p><p>audio_duration = "1.245";</p><p>date = "20191207_05:30:38.886";</p><p>host = "APS-17";</p><p>kbps = "48";</p><p>khz = "22050";</p><p>lip_string = "f0=15&f1=12&f2=9&f3=1&f4=1&f5=1&f6=1&f7=9&f8=11&f9=11&f10=7&f11=3&f12=5&f13=12&f14=12&f15=0&nofudge=1&lipversion=2&ok=1";</p><p>timed_phonemes = "P,0,46,23,x	P,46,76,76,t	P,76,136,66,e	P,136,206,72,T	P,206,236,68,t	P,236,296,63,z	P,296,506,60,U	P,506,566,33,d	P,566,646,73,j	P,646,766,71,r	P,766,826,49,n	P,826,876,70,e	P,876,936,54,m	P,936,1026,82,a	P,1026,1196,38,T	P,1196,1226,0,x";</p><p>text = "�BkFa�ú~Y� ";</p><p>null</p><p>1.6915913</p><p>XXX -</p><p>proc_tm = "0.082";</p><p>db_tm = "0";</p><p>q_tm = "0";</p><p>audio_duration = "1.790";</p><p>date = "20200317_05:00:37.151";</p><p>host = "APS-17";</p><p>kbps = "48";</p><p>khz = "22050";</p><p>lip_string = "f0=12&f1=5&f2=15&f3=15&f4=12&f5=5&f6=7&f7=8&f8=6&f9=11&f10=3&f11=5&f12=9&f13=9&f14=7&f15=5&f16=7&f17=7&f18=9&f19=9&f20=5&f21=0&nofudge=1&lipversion=2&ok=1";</p><p>timed_phonemes = "P,0,36,27,x	P,36,106,57,T	P,106,186,89,a	P,186,276,82,e	P,276,366,56,T	P,366,476,82,a	P,476,546,58,n	P,546,606,72,u	P,606,676,49,d	P,676,736,78,r	P,736,806,66,m	P,806,856,74,R	P,856,896,65,n	P,896,956,89,a	P,956,996,53,n	P,996,1096,69,s	P,1096,1176,54,N	P,1176,1216,70,l	P,1216,1316,89,a	P,1316,1486,67,N	P,1486,1606,62,s	P,1606,1646,39,d	P,1646,1736,81,a	P,1736,1766,40,x";</p><p>text = "��U�nËTk</p><p>null</p><p>1.8285708</p><p>XXX -</p><p>proc_tm = "0.073";</p><p>db_tm = "0";</p><p>q_tm = "0";</p><p>audio_duration = "1.786";</p><p>date = "20191207_10:01:51.746";</p><p>host = "APS-15";</p><p>kbps = "48";</p><p>khz = "22050";</p><p>lip_string = "f0=0&f1=1&f2=7&f3=5&f4=5&f5=3&f6=14&f7=7&f8=8&f9=14&f10=7&f11=7&f12=13&f13=7&f14=8&f15=14&f16=7&f17=5&f18=2&f19=2&f20=2&f21=0&nofudge=1&lipversion=2&ok=1";</p><p>timed_phonemes = "P,0,66,38,x	P,66,146,72,O	P,146,236,58,n	P,236,356,88,a	P,356,416,53,m	P,416,496,69,G	P,496,556,74,n	P,556,626,73,u	P,626,716,50,G	P,716,786,59,n	P,786,866,54,N	P,866,976,74,E	P,976,1066,69,n	P,1066,1206,83,W	P,1206,1256,32,b	P,1256,1336,89,k	P,1336,1386,41,d	P,1386,1426,76,j	P,1426,1476,71,E	P,1476,1536,64,n	P,1536,1616,92,a	P,1616,1736,56,F	P,1736,1766,19,x";</p><p>text = "Êi¶Ïkûq�KQ~Y� ";</p><p>null</p><p>1.8285708</p><p>XXX -</p><p>proc_tm = "0.765";</p><p>db_tm = "0";</p><p>q_tm = "0";</p><p>audio_duration = "1.813";</p><p>date = "20200317_06:36:43.032";</p><p>host = "DCAPS-3";</p><p>kbps = "48";</p><p>khz = "22050";</p><p>lip_string = "f0=0&f1=5&f2=5&f3=9&f4=5&f5=5&f6=5&f7=5&f8=6&f9=5&f10=1&f11=1&f12=1&f13=1&f14=5&f15=5&f16=6&f17=3&f18=5&f19=9&f20=5&f21=5&f22=0&nofudge=1&lipversion=2&ok=1";</p><p>timed_phonemes = "P,0,66,47,x	P,66,116,83,a	P,116,156,75,n	P,156,226,87,^	P,226,316,76,z	P,316,356,80,!	P,356,596,88,I	P,596,646,43,d	P,646,696,77,t	P,696,816,85,a	P,816,856,65,n	P,856,906,73,u	P,906,946,74,v	P,946,986,69,!	P,986,1126,76,o	P,1126,1256,73,A	P,1256,1336,35,d	P,1336,1386,72,j	P,1386,1456,67,m	P,1456,1506,82,H	P,1506,1626,59,s	P,1626,1676,44,d	P,1676,1766,83,a	P,1766,1796,43,x";</p><p>text = "|soBa�n¹xLM~W_� ";</p><p>;�{�q���data�â</p><p>練</p><p>れんしゅうもんだい</p><p>習問題</p><p>- 35 -</p><p>NIHONGO LIBRARY</p><p>nihongolibrary.com</p><p>■ Complete the following sentences.</p><p>1. 京</p><p>きょうと</p><p>都のほう 行</p><p>い</p><p>きました。</p><p>2. 朝</p><p>あさ</p><p>８時</p><p>じ</p><p>学</p><p>がっこう</p><p>校 行</p><p>い</p><p>きます。</p><p>3. 明</p><p>あした</p><p>日レストラン 行</p><p>い</p><p>きましょう。</p><p>4. 日</p><p>にほん</p><p>本の北</p><p>きた</p><p>のほう 旅</p><p>りょこう</p><p>行します。</p><p>5. 父</p><p>ちち</p><p>毎</p><p>まいあさ</p><p>朝７時</p><p>じはん</p><p>半 会</p><p>かいしゃ</p><p>社 行</p><p>い</p><p>きます。</p><p>I went to Kyoto.</p><p>I go to school at 8 a.m.</p><p>Tomorrow we are going to a restaurant.</p><p>I will travel to the north of Japan.</p><p>Every morning my father goes to work at 7:30.</p><p>■ Translate the following sentences into Japanese.</p><p>1.I go to school at 8 a.m.</p><p>2.Yesterday I met a friend.</p><p>3.Tomorrow I will go to Kyoto.</p><p>4.When are you coming?</p><p>5.The train arrives at 10 a.m.</p><p>6.The class starts at 9 a.m.</p><p>7.Next year I will travel to Japan.</p><p>8.I'll call my family on the phone.</p><p>1</p><p>2</p><p>3</p><p>4</p><p>5</p><p>6</p><p>7</p><p>8</p><p>9</p><p>10</p><p>11</p><p>12</p><p>13</p><p>14</p><p>15</p><p>16</p><p>17</p><p>18</p><p>19</p><p>20</p><p>21</p><p>22</p><p>23</p><p>24</p><p>25</p><p>26</p><p>27</p><p>28</p><p>29</p><p>30</p><p>31</p><p>32</p><p>33</p><p>34</p><p>35</p><p>36</p><p>37</p><p>38</p><p>39</p><p>40</p><p>41</p><p>42</p><p>Particle は and です : to be</p><p>ではありません : It’s not 〜</p><p>でした : It was 〜</p><p>ではありませんでした : It was not 〜</p><p>Particle か</p><p>これ, それ, あれ and どれ</p><p>この, その, あの and どの</p><p>なに : what?</p><p>Particle が</p><p>Particle の</p><p>Suffixes さん, ちゃん and くん</p><p>Personal pronouns</p><p>こちら,そちら,あちら and どちら</p><p>Particle も</p><p>なんじですか: What time is it ?</p><p>Particle ね and particle よ</p><p>い-adjectives</p><p>Determinative form of い-adjectives</p><p>い-adjectives : いい and よい</p><p>な-adjectives</p><p>Determinative form of な-adjectives</p><p>Very : とても, Not very, not much : あまり</p><p>な-adjectives : すき and きらい</p><p>な-adjectives : じょうず and へた</p><p>Verb groups 1 and 5</p><p>Irregular verbs</p><p>Particle を</p><p>Particle に</p><p>Particle へ</p><p>Particle で</p><p>Particle から</p><p>Particle まで</p><p>ましょう and ましょうか</p><p>Frequency adverbs</p><p>わかる,みえる and きこえる</p><p>Particle が</p><p>Particle と</p><p>あります and います</p><p>Prepositions</p><p>Counter suffixes</p><p>Indefinite pronouns</p><p>Negative indefinite pronouns</p><p>て form</p><p>〜ています</p><p>〜てください: Imperative form</p><p>〜てもいいですか</p><p>〜てはいけません</p><p>て forms of adjectives and nouns</p><p>ほしい and たい</p><p>〜てから</p><p>〜は〜が〜です</p><p>Particle や</p><p>Particle から</p><p>ながら</p><p>た form</p><p>〜たことがある</p><p>あとで</p><p>まえに</p><p>ない form</p><p>〜ないでください</p><p>〜なければいけません</p><p>〜なくてもいいです</p><p>あげる、くれる and もらう</p><p>Forma なかった</p><p>Short form</p><p>とおもいます</p><p>といいます</p><p>つもりです</p><p>く / になる</p><p>Verb + にいきます</p><p>〜たほうがいいです</p><p>より</p><p>〜のほうが</p><p>いちばん〜です</p><p>でしょう and だろう</p><p>〜こと</p><p>〜たり〜たりする</p><p>とき : When</p><p>ことができる</p><p>Aは〜が, Bは〜</p><p>〜に X かい</p><p>Relative subordinate clause</p><p>answerbttn 27:</p><p>close 27:</p><p>g1 05:</p><p>g1 06:</p><p>g1 07:</p><p>g1 08:</p><p>answerbttn 28:</p><p>close 28:</p><p>g5 04:</p><p>g5 09:</p><p>g5 010:</p><p>g5 011:</p><p>g5 012:</p><p>g5 005:</p><p>g5 013:</p><p>g5 014:</p><p>ボタン4016:</p><p>ボタン10121:</p><p>ボタン10137:</p><p>ボタン10153:</p><p>ボタン10122:</p><p>ボタン10138:</p><p>ボタン10154:</p><p>ボタン10123:</p><p>ボタン10139:</p><p>ボタン10155:</p><p>ボタン10124:</p><p>ボタン10140:</p><p>ボタン10156:</p><p>ボタン10125:</p><p>ボタン10141:</p><p>ボタン10157:</p><p>ボタン10126:</p><p>ボタン10142:</p><p>ボタン10158:</p><p>ボタン10127:</p><p>ボタン10143:</p><p>ボタン10159:</p><p>ボタン10128:</p><p>ボタン10144:</p><p>ボタン10160:</p><p>ボタン10129:</p><p>ボタン10145:</p><p>ボタン10161:</p><p>ボタン10130:</p><p>ボタン10146:</p><p>ボタン10162:</p><p>ボタン10131:</p><p>ボタン10147:</p><p>ボタン10163:</p><p>ボタン10132:</p><p>ボタン10148:</p><p>ボタン10164:</p><p>ボタン10133:</p><p>ボタン10149:</p><p>ボタン10165:</p><p>ボタン10134:</p><p>ボタン10150:</p><p>ボタン10166:</p><p>ボタン10135:</p><p>ボタン10151:</p><p>ボタン10167:</p><p>ボタン10136:</p><p>ボタン10152:</p><p>ボタン10168:</p><p>ボタン314:</p><p>ボタン315:</p><p>ボタン316:</p><p>ボタン320:</p><p>ボタン317:</p><p>ボタン321:</p><p>ボタン4017:</p><p>answerbttn 19:</p><p>close 19:</p><p>g1 01:</p><p>g1 02:</p><p>g1 03:</p><p>g1 04:</p><p>ボタン1090:</p><p>ボタン1091:</p><p>ボタン1094:</p><p>ボタン322:</p><p>ボタン323:</p><p>ボタン324:</p><p>answerbttn 26:</p><p>close 26:</p><p>answer027:</p><p>answer028:</p><p>ボタン325:</p><p>ボタン326:</p><p>ボタン1095:</p><p>ボタン1096:</p><p>ボタン1097:</p><p>answerbttn 29:</p><p>close 29:</p><p>ボタン4018:</p><p>ボタン10169:</p><p>ボタン10170:</p><p>ボタン10171:</p><p>ボタン10172:</p><p>ボタン10173:</p><p>ボタン10174:</p><p>ボタン10175:</p><p>ボタン10176:</p><p>ボタン10177:</p><p>ボタン10178:</p><p>ボタン10179:</p><p>ボタン10180:</p><p>ボタン10181:</p><p>ボタン10182:</p><p>ボタン10183:</p><p>ボタン10184:</p><p>ボタン331:</p><p>ボタン347:</p><p>ボタン333:</p><p>ボタン348:</p><p>ボタン339:</p><p>ボタン341:</p><p>ボタン343:</p><p>ボタン345:</p><p>ボタン340:</p><p>ボタン342:</p><p>ボタン344:</p><p>ボタン346:</p><p>ボタン4019:</p><p>ボタン1098:</p><p>ボタン1099:</p><p>ボタン10100:</p><p>ボタン334:</p><p>ボタン335:</p><p>answerbttn</p><p>31:</p><p>close 31:</p><p>answer029:</p><p>answer030:</p><p>ボタン337:</p><p>ボタン338:</p><p>ボタン349:</p><p>ボタン10101:</p><p>ボタン10102:</p><p>ボタン10104:</p><p>ボタン10103:</p><p>ボタン10105:</p><p>answerbttn 32:</p><p>close 32:</p><p>ボタン4020:</p>