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S/9PSAT™ 8/9 
Practice 
Test# 1 
Make time to take the practice test. 
It is one of the best ways to get ready 
for the PSAT 8/9. 
After you have taken the practice test, score it 
right away at psat.org/8-9-scoring. 
This version of the PSAT 8/9 Practice Test is for students who will be taking 
the digital PSAT 8/9 in nondigital format. 
6URL01 
https://psat.org/8-9-scoring
Test begins on the next page. 
Module 
1 
Reading and Writing 
33 QUESTIONS 
DIRECTIONS 
The questions in this section address a number of important reading and writing skills. Each 
question includes one or more passages, which may include a table or graph. Read each passage 
and question carefully, and then choose the best answer to the question based on the passage(s). 
All questions in this section are multiple-choice with four answer choices. Each question has a 
single best answer. 
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1 
......................................................................................................................................................................................................
Bioluminescent beetles called fireflies may seem to 
create flashes of light randomly, but each species of 
firefly actually has its own special series of repeated 
flashes and pauses. These unique _______ allow 
fireflies of the same species to find each other. 
Which choice completes the text with the most 
logical and precise word or phrase? 
A) quantities 
B) decorations 
C) patterns 
D) agreements 
2 
As an architect in Los Angeles in the 1950s, 
Helen Liu Fong became known for avoiding 
_______ designs in her buildings. Instead of using 
standard shapes and colors, she typically explored 
innovative forms and daring hues. 
Which choice completes the text with the most 
logical and precise word or phrase? 
A) creative 
B) bold 
C) traditional 
D) understandable 
3
The printing of Virginia Woolf’s novels featured a 
creative _______ between Woolf and her sister 
Vanessa Bell: a talented painter, Bell worked closely 
with Woolf to create original cover art for most of 
the novels. 
Which choice completes the text with the most 
logical and precise word or phrase? 
A) rebellion 
B) partnership 
C) discovery 
D) disagreement 
4 
A brief book review cannot fully convey the 
_______ of Olga Tokarczuk’s novel The Books of 
Jacob, with its enormous cast of characters, its 
complicated, wandering plot, and its page numbers 
that count backward (beginning at 965 and 
ending at 1). 
Which choice completes the text with the most 
logical and precise word or phrase? 
A) accuracy 
B) inactivity 
C) complexity 
D) restraint 
Unauthorized copying or reuse of any part of this page is illegal. CONTINUE2
Module 
1 
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5 
Sumerian civilization (which lasted from around 
3300 to 2000 BCE) _______ many concepts that 
persist into present-day civilizations: for example, the 
first description of the seven-day week appears in the 
Sumerian Epic of Gilgamesh. 
Which choice completes the text with the most 
logical and precise word or phrase? 
A) transformed 
B) introduced 
C) inherited 
D) overlooked 
6 
The following text is adapted from Louisa May 
Alcott’s 1869 novel An Old-Fashioned Girl. Polly, a 
teenager, is visiting her friend Fanny. 
Fanny’s friends did not interest Polly much; she 
was rather afraid of them [because] they seemed 
so much older and wiser than herself, even those 
younger in years. They talked about things of 
which she knew nothing and when Fanny tried 
to explain, she didn’t find them interesting; 
indeed, some of them rather shocked and 
puzzled her. 
Which choice best states the main purpose of the 
text? 
A) To portray Polly’s reaction to Fanny’s friends 
B) To identify the topics Polly talks about with 
Fanny’s friends 
C) To explain how Fanny met some of her friends 
D) To illustrate how Fanny’s friends feel about Polly 
7
In 1801, a Blackfoot chief named Ac Ko Mok Ki drew 
a finely detailed map of the Upper Missouri region. 
This work demonstrates a vast amount of 
topographic knowledge, as the map features specific 
names of mountains and rivers, as well as the first-
known sketch of the drainage network of the 
Missouri River. The map is especially notable 
because Ac Ko Mok Ki also included details about 
the numerous tribes that lived in the area. 
Which choice best describes the function of the 
underlined sentence in the text as a whole? 
A) It emphasizes Ac Ko Mok Ki’s desire to 
represent other tribes on the map. 
B) It explains how Ac Ko Mok Ki developed an 
interest in mapmaking. 
C) It identifies some reasons why the map is 
impressive. 
D) It details how the map was used for hunting and 
trading purposes. 
8 
Yawn contagion occurs when one individual yawns 
in response to another’s yawn. Studies of this 
behavior in primates have focused on populations in 
captivity, but biologist Elisabetta Palagi and her 
colleagues have shown that it can occur in wild 
primate populations as well. In their study, which 
focused on a wild population of gelada monkeys 
(Theropithecus gelada) in Ethiopia, the researchers 
further reported that yawn contagion most 
commonly occurred in males and across different 
social groups instead of within a single social group. 
Which choice best describes the function of the first 
sentence in the text as a whole? 
A) It defines a phenomenon that is discussed in 
the text. 
B) It introduces a problem that is examined in 
the text. 
C) It makes a claim that is challenged in the text. 
D) It presents a hypothesis that is evaluated in 
the text. 
Unauthorized copying or reuse of any part of this page is illegal. CONTINUE3
Module 
1 
 
9 
The following text is adapted from Paul Laurence 
Dunbar’s 1902 novel The Sport of the Gods. Joe and 
some of his family members have recently moved to 
New York City. 
[Joe] was wild with enthusiasm and with a desire 
to be a part of all that the metropolis meant. In 
the evening he saw the young fellows passing by 
dressed in their spruce clothes, and he wondered 
with a sort of envy where they could be going. 
Back home there had been no place much worth 
going to, except church and one or two people’s 
houses. 
Which choice best states the main purpose of 
the text? 
A) It illustrates a character’s reaction to a new 
environment. 
B) It explains why a character has traveled to a city. 
C) It compares a character’s thoughts about an 
event at two different times of day. 
D) It presents a character feeling regret over 
leaving home. 
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10 
The painter María Izquierdo played an important 
role in the development of twentieth-century 
Mexican art, but her work has never been 
well-known in the United States except among art 
historians. One reason for Izquierdo’s relative 
obscurity is the enormous popularity of some of her 
peers. In particular, the painters Frida Kahlo and 
Diego Rivera have so captivated the interest of US 
audiences that Izquierdo and other Mexican artists 
from the period often get overlooked, despite the 
high quality of their work. 
Which choice best states the main idea of the text? 
A) Izquierdo’s work is not as well-known in the 
United States as it should be because Kahlo and 
Rivera draw so much of the public’s attention. 
B) During Izquierdo’slifetime, her paintings were 
displayed in galleries in the United States much 
more frequently than paintings by Kahlo and 
Rivera were. 
C) Izquierdo painted some of the same subjects that 
Kahlo and Rivera painted but used different 
techniques than they used. 
D) Few of Izquierdo’s works are in galleries today 
because she produced only a small number of 
paintings. 
Unauthorized copying or reuse of any part of this page is illegal. CONTINUE4
Module 
1 
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60,000 
50,000 
"O 
0 40,000 V, 
V, 
(I) 
30,000 s:: 
:.8 u 
20,000 t<I 
::;E 
10,000 
0 
Singer Sewing Machine Sales 
in Four Countries, 1903-1918 
1903 1908 1913 
Year 
____.,_ New Zealand 
- -0 - Australia 
···O·· the Philippines 
Turkey 
1918 
 
11 
Moons of Dwarf Planets 
Dwarf planet 
name 
Number of 
moons 
Name of 
moons 
Haumea 2 Hi‘iaka, Namaka 
Ceres 0 N/A 
Makemake 1 MK 2 
Eris 1 Dysnomia 
Pluto 5 
Charon, Nix, 
Kerberos, Styx, 
Hydra 
Like Earth, some dwarf planets in the solar system 
have exactly one moon. Two examples of such dwarf 
planets are _______ 
Which choice most effectively uses data from the 
table to complete the statement? 
A) Eris and Makemake. 
B) Haumea and Eris. 
C) Pluto and Haumea. 
D) Makemake and Ceres. 
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12 
By the early 1900s, the Singer Corporation, a US 
sewing machine manufacturer founded in 1851, 
began to see rapidly increasing sales abroad, 
particularly in Russia, Germany, and the United 
Kingdom. These markets were responsible for the 
bulk of Singer’s overseas sales, but demand for the 
company’s machines in other countries also grew 
significantly in the early twentieth century. For 
instance, sales of their sewing machines in _______ 
Which choice most effectively uses data from the 
graph to complete the example? 
A) the Philippines increased dramatically from 1908 
to 1918. 
B) New Zealand were largely consistent from 1903 
to 1918. 
C) Australia increased steadily from 1903 to 1918. 
D) Turkey declined substantially from 1913 to 1918. 
Unauthorized copying or reuse of any part of this page is illegal. CONTINUE5
Module 
1 
 
13 
Results of Footprint Analysis for Two Sets of 
Theropod Tracks 
Tracks 
Estimated 
footprint 
length 
(centimeters) 
Average stride 
length 
(meters) 
Estimated 
mean 
speed 
(meters 
per second) 
La Torre 6A 32.8 5.23 6.5–10.3 
La Torre 6B 28.9 5.57 8.8–12.4 
The table shows data from paleontologist Angélica 
Torices and colleagues’ 2021 study of two sets of 
dinosaur tracks preserved in a fossilized lake bed in 
Spain. The tracks, referred to as La Torre 6A and 
La Torre 6B, were left by two individual theropods 
(dinosaurs that walked on two legs). The team’s 
findings suggest that of the two theropods, the one 
that left the La Torre 6B tracks had a higher 
maximum mean speed, _______ 
Which choice most effectively uses data from the 
table to complete the claim? 
A) a longer footprint, and a longer average stride. 
B) a longer footprint, and a shorter average stride. 
C) a shorter footprint, and a longer average stride. 
D) a shorter footprint, and a shorter average stride. 
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14 
In 1967 the US Congress created the Corporation for 
Public Broadcasting, which in turn created National 
Public Radio (NPR). NPR began producing and 
distributing high-quality news and cultural 
programming to affiliate stations across the United 
States in 1971. In a research paper, a student claims 
that the Corporation for Public Broadcasting and 
NPR were inspired by the British Broadcasting 
System (BBC), which had been established in the 
1920s. 
Which quotation from a work by a historian would 
be the most effective evidence for the student to 
include in support of this claim? 
A) “Although the BBC had begun as a private 
corporation, politicians successfully argued to 
make it a public company because they believed 
a public broadcaster could help build national 
unity in the aftermath of World War I.” 
B) “For many decades, the BBC had no competition 
since it held Britain’s only broadcasting license, 
whereas in the United States, the Corporation 
for Public Broadcasting launched NPR in a 
broadcasting market already filled with 
competitors.” 
C) “Congress’s embrace of publicly funded 
broadcasting reflected a common belief among 
US politicians that the role of government was 
not only to ensure people’s safety and liberty but 
also to enrich people’s lives in other ways.” 
D) “The goal of the BBC was to support British 
democracy by promoting an informed citizenry, 
and US legislators believed that ensuring access 
to high-quality programming could do the same 
for democracy in the United States.” 
Unauthorized copying or reuse of any part of this page is illegal. CONTINUE6
Module 
1 
 
15 
“Odalie” is an 1899 short story by Alice Dunbar-
Nelson. In the story, a young woman named Odalie 
attends the annual Mardi Gras carnival in New 
Orleans, where she lives with her guardian Tante 
Louise. Dunbar-Nelson portrays Odalie as eager to 
escape the monotony of her everyday life: _______ 
Which quotation from “Odalie” most effectively 
illustrates the claim? 
A) “Mardi Gras was a tiresome day, after all, she 
sighed, and Tante Louise agreed with her for 
once.” 
B) “In the old French house on Royal Street, with its 
quaint windows and Spanish courtyard green 
and cool, and made musical by the plashing of 
the fountain and the trill of caged birds, lived 
Odalie in convent-like seclusion.” 
C) “When one is shut up in a great French house 
with a grim sleepy tante and no companions of 
one’s own age, life becomes a dull thing, and one 
is ready for any new sensation.” 
D) “It was Mardi Gras day at last, and early through 
her window Odalie could hear the jingle of folly 
bells on the [participants’] costumes, the tinkle 
of music, and the echoing strains of songs.” 
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16 
Five of the Responses to Survey about Actions to 
Conserve Energy 
Action Action category 
Percentage of 
respondents 
selecting 
action (%) 
Use efficient 
cars/hybrids efficiency 2.8 
Change thermostat 
setting curtailment 6.3 
Use bike or public 
transportation 
instead of car curtailment 12.9 
Use efficient 
light bulbs efficiency 3.6 
Turn off lights curtailment 19.6 
In a survey of public perceptions of energy use, 
researcher Shahzeen Attari and her team asked 
respondents to name the most effective action 
ordinary people can take to conserve energy. The 
team categorized each action as either an efficiency 
or a curtailment and found that respondents tended 
to name curtailments more often than they did 
efficiencies. For example, 19.6% of respondents 
stated that the most effective way to conserve energy 
is to turn off the lights, while only _______ 
Which choice most effectively uses data from the 
table to complete the text? 
A) 6.3% of respondents said it was most effective to 
use efficient cars or hybrids. 
B) 2.8% of respondents said it was most effective to 
change the thermostat setting. 
C) 12.9% of respondents said it was most effective 
to use a bike or public transportation. 
D) 3.6% of respondentssaid it was most effective to 
use efficient light bulbs. 
Unauthorized copying or reuse of any part of this page is illegal. CONTINUE7
Module 
1 
 
17 
An archaeological team led by Piotr Bieliński and 
Sultan al-Bakri found remnants of a 4,000-year-old 
Bronze Age board game at a site in Oman. Little is 
left of the game except a stone board, which is carved 
with a grid and has places to hold game pieces. Some 
scholars claim that the game was largely played by 
traders. 
Which finding, if true, would most directly support 
the scholars’ claim? 
A) Other examples of the game dating to the same 
period have been found in the remains of several 
homes in the region, including in one home that 
may have belonged to a trader. 
B) Similar games have been found in other sites 
dating to the same period that were connected to 
the site in Oman via trade routes. 
C) The other known examples of the game dating to 
the same period have been found along routes 
that seem to have been used primarily by traders 
at the time. 
D) Remnants of other goods have been found at the 
site in Oman that probably also reached the 
location through trade. 
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18 
Swahili Speakers in Three African Countries 
Country 
Approximate 
number of 
speakers 
(in millions) 
Estimated % of 
population 
Democratic 
Republic of the 
Congo 22 25 
Kenya 55 100 
Tanzania 61 100 
Swahili is estimated to be the first language of up to 
15 million people worldwide. It’s also an officially 
recognized language in Tanzania, Kenya, and the 
Democratic Republic of the Congo, which means 
these countries use Swahili in government 
documents and proceedings. But even in countries 
where almost everyone speaks Swahili, for many it 
isn’t their first language but is instead their second, 
third, or even fourth language. 
Which choice most effectively uses data from the 
table to support the underlined claim? 
A) Tanzania has approximately 61 million Swahili 
speakers, which is much more than the estimated 
total number of people worldwide for whom 
Swahili is their first language. 
B) Tanzania is estimated to have at most 15 million 
Swahili speakers, while the country’s total 
population is approximately 61 million people. 
C) Approximately 100 percent of the people who 
speak Swahili as their first language live in 
Kenya, which has a total population of 
approximately 55 million people. 
D) Approximately 100 percent of Kenya’s 
population speaks Swahili, while only about 
25 percent of the Democratic Republic of the 
Congo’s population speaks Swahili. 
Unauthorized copying or reuse of any part of this page is illegal. CONTINUE8
Module 
1 
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19 
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Obsidian is a kind of volcanic glass formed when lava 
cools so quickly that the atoms inside it cannot 
arrange themselves in a crystalline structure. You 
_______ more about obsidian’s structure, which is 
classified as amorphous, in a later chapter. 
Which choice completes the text so that it conforms 
to the conventions of Standard English? 
A) had learned 
B) had been learning 
C) will learn 
D) have learned 
20 
With its towering, six-spired exterior of granitelike 
quartz monzonite, the Salt Lake Temple is one of the 
most instantly recognizable structures in the state of 
Utah. However, many people do not know that 
_______ built over the course of forty years, with 
construction beginning in 1853 and ending in 1893. 
Which choice completes the text so that it conforms 
to the conventions of Standard English? 
A) it was 
B) one was 
C) they were 
D) both were 
21 
Human-made (synthetic) fibers used in clothes and 
many other consumer products are more durable 
than most natural plant _______ the manufacture of 
synthetic fibers requires toxic chemical solvents that 
can pollute air and water. 
Which choice completes the text so that it conforms 
to the conventions of Standard English? 
A) fibers, 
B) fibers but 
C) fibers 
D) fibers, but 
22
The fine, powdery substance that covers the Moon’s 
surface is called regolith. Because regolith is both 
readily available and high in oxygen _______ 
scientists have wondered whether it could be used as 
a potential source of oxygen for future 
lunar settlements. 
Which choice completes the text so that it conforms 
to the conventions of Standard English? 
A) content and 
B) content, 
C) content 
D) content, and 
23 
Each year in the fall, when the weather starts to 
cool in the northern hemisphere, millions of 
North American monarch butterflies journey south. 
Searching for food and warmer habitats, they 
_______ thousands of miles—from as far north as 
Canada all the way down to Mexico—on this annual 
migration. 
Which choice completes the text so that it conforms 
to the conventions of Standard English? 
A) flew 
B) were flying 
C) had flown 
D) fly 
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Module 
1 
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24 
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Objects ranging from the Kikkoman soy sauce bottle 
to the Yamaha VMAX motorcycle to the Komachi 
bullet train _______ designed by twentieth-century 
industrial designer Kenji Ekuan. 
Which choice completes the text so that it conforms 
to the conventions of Standard English? 
A) was 
B) is 
C) has been 
D) were 
25 
“Praise Song for the Day,” Elizabeth Alexander’s 
2009 inaugural poem, asserts that “We cross dirt 
roads and highways…to see what’s on the other 
side.” Alexander’s use of “we” _______ Americans’ 
collective efforts and shared desire to seek new 
opportunity. 
Which choice completes the text so that it conforms 
to the conventions of Standard English? 
A) evokes 
B) are evoking 
C) have evoked 
D) evoke 
26 
Author Madeline L’Engle, _______ to create a 
suspenseful tone that draws the reader in, begins her 
novel A Wrinkle in Time with descriptions of 
“wraithlike shadows” and “the frenzied lashing of 
the wind.” 
Which choice completes the text so that it conforms 
to the conventions of Standard English? 
A) looked 
B) looks 
C) is looking 
D) looking 
27
In 1955, Indian Bengali filmmaker Satyajit Ray 
released his first movie, Pather _______ quiet 
black-and-white drama about a family in rural India, 
Ray’s film was quite different from the loud, colorful 
action-romance movies that were popular at 
the time. 
Which choice completes the text so that it conforms 
to the conventions of Standard English? 
A) Panchali a 
B) Panchali, which was a 
C) Panchali, a 
D) Panchali. A 
28 
A recent study tracked the number of bee species 
present in twenty-seven New York apple orchards 
over a ten-year period. _______ found that when 
wild growth near an orchard was cleared, the number 
of different bee species visiting the orchard 
decreased. 
Which choice completes the text so that it conforms 
to the conventions of Standard English? 
A) Entomologist Heather Grab: 
B) Entomologist, Heather Grab, 
C) Entomologist Heather Grab 
D) Entomologist Heather Grab, 
Unauthorized copying or reuse of any part of this page is illegal. CONTINUE10Module 
1 
 
29 
Tyrian purple was a highly prized dye among the 
Phoenicians (an ancient civilization located in 
present-day Lebanon). The Phoenicians were famous 
for using this natural dye to color their clothes a 
distinctive purple. _______ the name “Phoenicia” 
itself, some historians claim, may have originally 
meant “land of purple.” 
Which choice completes the text with the most 
logical transition? 
A) In fact, 
B) Regardless, 
C) Lastly, 
D) On the contrary, 
30 
In Gothic architecture, flying buttresses are large 
arches that help support a building’s exterior walls. 
Before the Gothic era, cathedrals’ heavy ceilings had 
to be supported by thick, short walls, but the 
invention of flying buttresses eliminated this need. 
_______ Gothic cathedrals could be built with 
thinner, higher walls. 
Which choice completes the text with the most 
logical transition? 
A) Similarly, 
B) For instance, 
C) Nevertheless, 
D) As a result, 
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31 
In 1873, Spanish scientist Santiago Ramón y Cajal 
observed that brain fibers have distinct boundaries 
with clear end points, a finding that went against 
earlier assumptions about the brain. _______ 
scientists had assumed that the brain was a 
continuous web of fused fibers, not a vast network of 
distinct, individual cells. 
Which choice completes the text with the most 
logical transition? 
A) However, 
B) Previously, 
C) As a result, 
D) Likewise, 
Unauthorized copying or reuse of any part of this page is illegal. CONTINUE11
Module 
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32 
Unauthorized copying or reuse of any part of this page is illegal. 12
While researching a topic, a student has taken the 
following notes: 
• The Sasanian Empire lasted about 400 years 
(AD 224 to AD 651). 
• The Sasanians controlled an area spanning 
1.4 million square miles. 
• This area included present-day Iran and Iraq. 
• The empire’s capital was the ancient city of 
Ctesiphon. 
• Ctesiphon was located near present-day Baghdad, 
Iraq. 
The student wants to specify the location of 
Ctesiphon. Which choice most effectively uses 
relevant information from the notes to accomplish 
this goal? 
A) The Sasanian Empire began in AD 224 and 
ended in AD 651. 
B) The capital of the Sasanian Empire, which 
spanned 1.4 million square miles, was Ctesiphon. 
C) The Sasanians controlled an area of 1.4 million 
square miles, including present-day Iran and 
Iraq. 
D) Ctesiphon, the capital of the Sasanian Empire, 
was located near present-day Baghdad, Iraq. 
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33 
While researching a topic, a student has taken the 
following notes: 
• In the art world, the term biennial traditionally 
refers to an art exhibition that takes place every 
two years in a single location. 
• Such biennials are held in New York, Berlin, and 
Venice. 
• In 2006, artists Ed Gomez and Luis Hernandez 
founded the unconventional MexiCali Biennial. 
• The MexiCali Biennial hosts exhibitions in 
different venues on both sides of the US-Mexico 
border. 
• The MexiCali Biennial has taken place on an 
uneven schedule, with exhibitions in 2006, 
2009–10, 2013, and 2018–20. 
The student wants to emphasize a difference between 
the MexiCali Biennial and traditional 
biennials. Which choice most effectively uses 
relevant information from the notes to accomplish 
this goal? 
A) In 2006, artists Ed Gomez and Luis Hernandez 
founded the MexiCali Biennial, which has taken 
place in 2006, 2009–10, 2013, and 2018–20. 
B) Unlike traditional biennials, the MexiCali 
Biennial hosts exhibitions in different venues on 
an uneven schedule. 
C) The term biennial traditionally refers to an art 
exhibition that takes place every two years in a 
single location, not to exhibitions hosted at a 
variety of times and venues. 
D) Biennial exhibitions have been held in 
New York, Berlin, and Venice but also on both 
sides of the US-Mexico border. 
STOP 
If you finish before time is called, you may check your work on this module only. 
Do not turn to any other module in the test. 
 
No Test Material On This Page 
Module 
2 
Reading and Writing 
33 QUESTIONS 
DIRECTIONS 
The questions in this section address a number of important reading and writing skills. Each 
question includes one or more passages, which may include a table or graph. Read each passage 
and question carefully, and then choose the best answer to the question based on the passage(s). 
All questions in this section are multiple-choice with four answer choices. Each question has a 
single best answer. 
---------~ ---------~ 1 
The following text is from Nella Larsen’s 1928 novel 
Quicksand. 
The trees in their spring beauty sent through her 
restive mind a sharp thrill of pleasure. Seductive, 
charming, and beckoning as cities were, they had 
not this easy unhuman loveliness. 
As used in the text, what does the word “beckoning” 
most nearly mean? 
A) Demanding 
B) Signaling 
C) Inviting 
D) Shifting 
......................................................................................................................................................................................................
2 
Physicist Joseph Weber performed _______ work in 
gravitational wave research in the 1960s and 1970s, 
conducting key experiments that scientists later used 
as the basis for their own investigations that led to 
the first verified detection of a gravitational wave 
in 2015. 
Which choice completes the text with the most 
logical and precise word or phrase? 
A) foundational 
B) supplementary 
C) repetitive 
D) ineffective 
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Module 
2 
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Sueño de Familia is an exhibition of drawings, 
paintings, and ceramics that explores the artistic 
heritage of US-based artist Yolanda González. The 
exhibition _______ five generations, featuring works 
by González’s great-grandfather, grandmother, 
mother, and niece as well as González herself. 
Which choice completes the text with the most 
logical and precise word or phrase? 
A) borrows 
B) spans 
C) judges 
D) neglects 
4 
The following text is from Claude McKay’s 1922 
poem “Morning Joy.” The speaker is looking out a 
window and observing a wold, or large area of land. 
At night the wide and level stretch of wold, 
Which at high noon had basked in quiet gold, 
Far as the eye could see was ghostly white; 
Dark was the night save for the snow’s weird
 light. 
I drew the shades far down, crept into bed; 
Hearing the cold wind moaning overhead 
Through the sad pines, my soul, catching its
 pain, 
Went sorrowing with it across the plain. 
As used in the text, what does the word “drew” most 
nearly mean? 
A) Pulled 
B) Drained 
C) Inspired 
D) Sketched 
5
Some people have speculated that two helmets with 
attached horns discovered in Denmark in 1942 
belonged to Vikings, but scholars have long been 
skeptical. Archaeologist Helle Vandkilde and 
colleagues recently provided radiocarbon dates for 
the helmets, and their findings _______ scholars’ 
skepticism: the helmets date to the Nordic Bronze 
Age, centuries before the Vikings existed. 
Which choice completesthe text with the most 
logical and precise word or phrase? 
A) anticipate 
B) inspect 
C) reveal 
D) justify 
6 
Streams and rivers carry soil and rocks from one 
location to another. But there is another way for 
these geological materials to move. Scientists call this 
process “aeolian transport.” In aeolian transport, 
winds move small particles of soil or rock over 
potentially great distances. Geologist Melisa Diaz and 
her team studied dust in Antarctica to find out if it 
was moved by aeolian transport. They discovered 
that the dust matched geological material in 
Australia. Aeolian transport had carried it from one 
continent to another, across thousands of miles of 
open ocean. 
Which choice best describes the function of the 
underlined portion in the text as a whole? 
A) It presents Melisa Diaz’s remarks about 
difficulties that her team encountered. 
B) It introduces a scientific term that is used in the 
discussion that follows. 
C) It emphasizes the surprising nature of the 
findings that are presented. 
D) It explains the difference between two kinds of 
geological material. 
Unauthorized copying or reuse of any part of this page is illegal. CONTINUE15
 
 
Module 
2 
7 
San Francisco is known for the colorful murals 
painted on many of its buildings. The densest 
collection of murals is found on Balmy Alley in the 
Mission District neighborhood. In the 1970s, Latina 
artists painted vivid scenes of community life on 
walls along this block. As the original murals have 
faded, later generations of artists have painted new 
ones over them. As a result, Balmy Alley has become 
a living showcase of San Francisco’s artistic spirit, 
with its murals reflecting changes in the cultural life 
of the city. 
Which choice best states the main purpose of 
the text? 
A) To compare the Balmy Alley murals to other 
murals in San Francisco 
B) To offer an overview of the history and 
importance of the Balmy Alley murals 
C) To urge people to protect the murals of 
San Francisco from decay 
D) To describe the rise of mural painting in 
San Francisco beginning in the 1970s 
...............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
8 
Industrial activity is often assumed to be a threat to 
wildlife, but that isn’t always so. Consider the 
silver‑studded blue butterfly (Plebejus argus): as 
forest growth has reduced grasslands in northern 
Germany, many of these butterflies have left meadow 
habitats and are now thriving in active limestone 
quarries. In a survey of multiple active quarries and 
patches of maintained grassland, an ecologist found 
silver‑studded blue butterflies in 100% of the quarries 
but only 57% of the grassland patches. Moreover, 
butterfly populations in the quarries were four times 
larger than those in the meadows. 
Which choice best describes the function of the 
underlined portion in the text as a whole? 
A) It challenges a common assumption about the 
species under investigation in the research 
referred to in the text. 
B) It introduces discussion of a specific example 
that supports the general claim made in the 
previous sentence. 
C) It suggests that a certain species should be 
included in additional studies like the one 
mentioned later in the text. 
D) It provides a definition for an unfamiliar term 
that is central to the main argument in the text. 
Unauthorized copying or reuse of any part of this page is illegal. CONTINUE16
100%
57%
Module 
2 
9 
Text 1 
Dominique Potvin and colleagues captured 
five Australian magpies (Gymnorhina tibicen) to test 
a new design for attaching tracking devices to birds. 
As the researchers fitted each magpie with a tracker 
attached by a small harness, they noticed some 
magpies without trackers pecking at another 
magpie’s tracker until it broke off. The researchers 
suggest that this behavior could be evidence of 
magpies attempting to help another magpie without 
benefiting themselves. 
Text 2 
It can be tempting to think that animals are 
deliberately providing help when we see them 
removing trackers and other equipment from one 
another, especially when a species is known to 
exhibit other cooperative behaviors. At the same 
time, it can be difficult to exclude the possibility that 
individuals are simply interested in the equipment 
because of its novelty, curiously pawing or pecking at 
it until it detaches. 
Based on the texts, how would the author of Text 2 
most likely respond to the researchers’ perspective in 
Text 1 on the behavior of the magpies without 
trackers? 
A) That behavior might have been due to the 
novelty of the magpies’ captive setting rather 
than to the novelty of the tracker. 
B) That behavior likely indicates that the magpies 
were deliberately attempting to benefit 
themselves by obtaining the tracker. 
C) That behavior may not be evidence of 
selflessness in Gymnorhina tibicen because not 
all the captured magpies demonstrated it. 
D) That behavior might be adequately explained 
without suggesting that the magpies were 
attempting to assist the other magpie. 
...............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
10 
Philadelphia’s Black Pearl Chamber Orchestra, 
founded by Jeri Lynne Johnson, performs classical 
music, from well-known compositions by Beethoven 
to contemporary works by Jessie Montgomery. For 
the orchestra’s iConduct! program, Johnson invites 
community members to learn some basic elements of 
conducting and then experience conducting the 
Black Pearl orchestra themselves. 
Which choice best states the main idea of the text? 
A) The Black Pearl orchestra performs music from 
all over the world but mostly performs music 
composed by Philadelphians. 
B) Johnson founded the Black Pearl orchestra to 
perform classical music by contemporary artist 
Jessie Montgomery. 
C) The Black Pearl orchestra gives community 
members the chance to both listen to and 
participate in classical music performance. 
D) Johnson has community members conduct an 
orchestra to demonstrate how difficult the 
task is. 
Unauthorized copying or reuse of any part of this page is illegal. CONTINUE17
Module 
2 
11 
The recovery of a 1,000-year-old Chinese shipwreck 
in the Java Sea near present-day Indonesia has 
yielded a treasure trove of artifacts, including 
thousands of small ceramic bowls. Using a portable 
X-ray fluorescence analyzer tool, Lisa Niziolek and 
her team were able to detect the chemical 
composition of these bowls without damaging them. 
By comparing the chemical signatures of the bowls 
with those of the materials still at old Chinese kiln 
sites, Niziolek and her team can pinpoint which 
Chinese kilns likely produced the ceramic bowls. 
Which choice best states the main idea of the text? 
A) Because of a new technology, researchers can 
locate and recover more shipwrecks than they 
could in the past. 
B) Researchers have been able to identify the 
location of a number of Chinese kilns in 
operation 1,000 years ago. 
C) With the help of a special tool, researchers have 
determined the likely origin of bowls recovered 
from a shipwreck. 
D) Before the invention of portable X-ray 
fluorescence, researchers needed to take a small 
piece out of an artifact to analyze its 
components. 
...............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................12 
The following text is adapted from Guy de 
Maupassant’s nineteenth-century short story “The 
Trip of Le Horla” (translated by Albert M. C. 
McMaster, A. E. Henderson, Mme. Quesada, et al.). 
The narrator is part of a group traveling in a hot-air 
balloon at night. 
The earth no longer seems to exist, it is buried in 
milky vapors that resemble a sea. We are now 
alone in space with the moon, which looks like 
another balloon travelling opposite us; and our 
balloon, which shines in the air, appears like 
another, larger moon, a world wandering in the 
sky amid the stars, through infinity. We no 
longer speak, think nor live; we float along 
through space in delicious inertia. The air which 
is bearing us up has made of us all beings which 
resemble itself, silent, joyous, irresponsible 
beings, peculiarly alert, although motionless. 
Which choice best states the main idea of the text? 
A) The narrator feels a growing sense of isolation 
even though his companions are nearby during 
the balloon ride. 
B) The narrator and his companions are completely 
absorbed in the change in perspective they gain 
while riding in the balloon. 
C) The narrator and his companions are troubled 
by the disorienting effects of the altitude while 
riding in the balloon. 
D) The narrator is pleasantly surprised by his 
companions’ unrestrained enthusiasm about the 
sensation of riding in the balloon. 
Unauthorized copying or reuse of any part of this page is illegal. CONTINUE18
Module 
2 
13 
Icebergs generally appear to be mostly white or blue, 
depending on how the ice reflects sunlight. Ice with 
air bubbles trapped in it looks white because much of 
the light reflects off the bubbles. Ice without air 
bubbles usually looks blue because the light travels 
deep into the ice and only a little of it is reflected. 
However, some icebergs in the sea around Antarctica 
appear to be green. One team of scientists 
hypothesized that this phenomenon is the result of 
yellow-tinted dissolved organic carbon in Antarctic 
waters mixing with blue ice to produce the color 
green. 
Which finding, if true, would most directly weaken 
the team’s hypothesis? 
A) White ice doesn’t change color when mixed with 
dissolved organic carbon due to the air bubbles 
in the ice. 
B) Dissolved organic carbon has a stronger yellow 
color in Antarctic waters than it does in other 
places. 
C) Blue icebergs and green icebergs are rarely found 
near each other. 
D) Blue icebergs and green icebergs contain 
similarly small traces of dissolved organic 
carbon. 
...............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
14 
To create the poems in her 2017 collection One Last 
Word, poet Nikki Grimes used a writing method 
called the golden shovel. This method often involves 
choosing a line from an existing poem and then 
using each word from that line as the last word of 
each line in a new poem. Grimes wanted the poems 
in One Last Word to honor important Black poets 
of the past, so she chose lines by poets such as 
Langston Hughes and Georgia Douglas Johnson. 
Writing in this way can be challenging and might 
seem as though it would produce awkward poems. 
However, reviewers praised One Last Word as a 
beautiful and powerful tribute to the poets who 
inspired it. This reaction suggests that _______ 
Which choice most logically completes the text? 
A) most reviewers didn’t understand Grimes’s goal 
for One Last Word. 
B) Grimes successfully used the golden shovel 
method to achieve her goal for One Last Word. 
C) Langston Hughes and Georgia Douglas Johnson 
are two of Grimes’s favorite poets. 
D) Grimes inspired many other writers to create 
poems using the golden shovel method. 
Unauthorized copying or reuse of any part of this page is illegal. CONTINUE19
Module 
2 
15 
The Indus River valley civilization flourished in 
South Asia from 3300 BCE to 1300 BCE. Many 
examples of the civilization’s writing system exist, 
but researchers haven’t yet deciphered it or identified 
which ancient language it represents. Nevertheless, 
archaeologists have found historical artifacts, such as 
clay figures and jewelry, that provide information 
about the civilization’s customs and how its 
communities were organized. The archaeologists’ 
findings therefore suggest that _______ 
Which choice most logically completes the text? 
A) investigating an ancient civilization is easier 
without knowledge of the civilization’s language. 
B) knowing an ancient civilization’s language isn’t 
necessary in order to learn details about the 
civilization. 
C) archaeological research should focus on finding 
additional artifacts rather than deciphering 
ancient languages. 
D) examining the civilization’s historical artifacts 
has resolved the debate about this civilization’s 
language. 
...............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
16 
Ana Castillo’s 1986 novel The Mixquiahuala Letters 
is a story told entirely through expressive letters from 
the narrator to her friend—letters that Castillo 
suggests could be read in several different orders. As 
they began reading it in class, some students 
remarked that they found the novel’s letter format 
daunting and its treatment of gender relations 
old-fashioned. The professor, however, pointed out 
that the novel is written in modern-sounding 
language and addresses issues that still matter today, 
suggesting that The Mixquiahuala Letters _______ 
Which choice most logically completes the text? 
A) has more to say about gender relations than 
other novels from the same period. 
B) is more relevant to contemporary audiences than 
it may seem at first. 
C) is easier to read than many contemporary novels 
that focus on friendship. 
D) is best understood after multiple readings in 
different orders. 
Unauthorized copying or reuse of any part of this page is illegal. CONTINUE20
Module 
2 
17 
...............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
By running computer simulations of the 
development of our solar system, André Izidoro, 
Rajdeep Dasgupta, and colleagues concluded that the 
Sun may have been surrounded by three giant dust 
rings before the planets started to form. The 
researchers suggest that the materials in the 
innermost ring became the four planets closest to the 
Sun, the materials in the middle ring produced the 
rest of the planets, and the materials in the outermost 
ring created the asteroids and other small bodies in 
the region beyond Neptune. In one simulation, the 
researchers delayed the initial formation of the 
middle ring, causing oversized super-Earths to begin 
developing from the innermost ring. The researchers 
therefore hypothesize that _______ 
Which choice most logically completes the text? 
A) the middle ring formed earlier in the solar 
system’s development than the initial 
simulations suggested. 
B) the timing of the initial formation of the middle 
ring played an important role in determining the 
eventual size of Earth. 
C) if the formation of the outermost ring had 
occurred earlier in a simulation, all the planets 
would have become super-Earths. 
D) the innermost ring actually formed into all the 
planets in our solar system, not just the four 
closest to the Sun. 
18
Archaeologists and historiansused to believe that the 
Maya civilization during its Classic period (roughly 
250–900) lacked agricultural marketplaces. One 
reason for this belief was that these scholars 
misunderstood the ecology of the regions the Maya 
inhabited. Marketplaces typically emerge because 
different individuals or groups want to trade 
resources they control for resources they don’t 
control. Scholars seriously underestimated the 
ecological diversity of the Maya landscape and thus 
assumed that _______ 
Which choice most logically completes the text? 
A) marketplaces likely would not have attracted 
many traders from outside the regions controlled 
by the Maya. 
B) farming practices would have been largely the 
same throughout Maya lands even if the crops 
people produced varied significantly. 
C) marketplaces would not have enabled Maya 
people to acquire many products different from 
those they already produced. 
D) farmers would trade agricultural products only if 
they had already produced enough to meet their 
own needs. 
19 
In 1976, the Inuit rock group Sikumiut recorded the 
album People of the Ice. Though only their first 
record, it shows a band already skilled at the difficult 
task of making music that sounds easy and fun. On 
songs like “Utirumavunga,” Lucassie Koperqualuk’s 
guitar riffs effortlessly _______ Charlie Adams’s 
delightfully catchy vocal melodies. 
Which choice completes the text so that it conforms 
to the conventions of Standard English? 
A) blend, with 
B) blend. With 
C) blend; with 
D) blend with 
Unauthorized copying or reuse of any part of this page is illegal. CONTINUE21
Module 
2 
20 
...............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
If you try on one of artist Nick Cave’s signature 
Soundsuits, you can expect to swish, rustle, or clang 
every time you move. Cave makes his suits out of 
found objects, everything from ceramic birds to 
broken record players. He carefully considers the 
sound an object makes before using _______ in 
a suit. 
Which choice completes the text so that it conforms 
to the conventions of Standard English? 
A) this 
B) that 
C) these 
D) it 
21 
The alga species Chlorella vulgaris is very efficient at 
making oxygen. For this reason, scientists are 
currently exploring ways to use this species in space. 
C. vulgaris might be used, for example, to build 
future biological air exchange systems that 
_______ oxygen for astronauts. 
Which choice completes the text so that it conforms 
to the conventions of Standard English? 
A) are producing 
B) produced 
C) produce 
D) have produced 
22
Farouk El-Baz, a geologist and space scientist, 
_______ part of the team that selected the lunar 
landing sites for the Apollo program during the 
1960s and 1970s. 
Which choice completes the text so that it conforms 
to the conventions of Standard English? 
A) are 
B) was 
C) have been 
D) were 
23 
A pioneer in the field of taphonomy (the study of 
how organic remains become fossils), _______ may 
be just as prevalent in the fossil record as those of 
thick-shelled organisms. 
Which choice completes the text so that it conforms 
to the conventions of Standard English? 
A) fossils of thin-shelled organisms, 
Anna Behrensmeyer demonstrated in a 2005 
analysis, 
B) Anna Behrensmeyer demonstrated in a 2005 
analysis that fossils of thin-shelled organisms 
C) it was demonstrated in a 2005 analysis by 
Anna Behrensmeyer that fossils of thin-shelled 
organisms 
D) a 2005 analysis—by Anna Behrensmeyer— 
demonstrated that fossils of thin-shelled 
organisms 
Unauthorized copying or reuse of any part of this page is illegal. CONTINUE22
Module 
2 
----- -----
----- -----
24 
...............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
In 2018, the innovative works of Congolese sculptor 
and architect Bodys Isek _______ were featured in 
City Dreams, a solo exhibition at New York’s 
Museum of Modern Art. 
Which choice completes the text so that it conforms 
to the conventions of Standard English? 
A) Kingelez; 
B) Kingelez, 
C) Kingelez 
D) Kingelez: 
25 
The poem Beowulf begins with the word “hwæt,” 
which is an Old English _______ as “hark!” or 
“listen!” in some versions, the word was playfully 
rendered as “bro!” by Maria Dahvana Headley in her 
2020 translation of the poem. 
Which choice completes the text so that it conforms 
to the conventions of Standard English? 
A) exclamation, translated 
B) exclamation and translated 
C) exclamation translated 
D) exclamation. Translated 
26
In June, female loggerhead sea turtles will swim back 
to the sandy beaches where they were born to lay 
eggs of their own. First, the turtle will dig her nest in 
the sand. _______ she will lay up to 100 eggs in the 
nest. Finally, she will cover it all with sand, before 
returning to the ocean. 
Which choice completes the text with the most 
logical transition? 
A) By contrast, 
B) Similarly, 
C) Next, 
D) For example, 
27 
As biologist Terrie Williams has documented, deep 
dives present a challenge for seals and other marine 
mammals. A seal must exert enough energy to propel 
itself hundreds of meters downward, while keeping 
its heart rate low enough that it doesn’t run out of 
oxygen while underwater. _______ a seal moves its 
flippers as little as possible on a deep dive, gliding to 
conserve energy. 
Which choice completes the text with the most 
logical transition? 
A) In the first place, 
B) On the other hand, 
C) For this reason, 
D) In comparison, 
Unauthorized copying or reuse of any part of this page is illegal. CONTINUE23
Module 
2 
28 
As a young historian in the 1950s, Alixa Naff began 
interviewing fellow Arab American immigrants 
about their experiences straddling two cultures. Over 
the next few decades, Naff conducted more than 450 
such interviews, also known as oral histories. 
_______ she collected photographs and other 
artifacts that represented her subjects’ experiences. 
Which choice completes the text with the most 
logical transition? 
A) In other words, 
B) On the contrary, 
C) In addition, 
D) Today, 
...............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
29 
While researching a topic, a student has taken the 
following notes: 
• The tundra is a type of environment characterized 
by especially harsh winter conditions. 
• Winter temperatures in the tundra average a frigid 
–30 degrees Fahrenheit. 
• Animals that have adapted to these conditions can 
survive tundra winters. 
• During the tundra’s short growing season, average 
temperatures can reach a relatively mild 
54 degrees Fahrenheit. 
• Around 1,700 different kinds of plants are able to 
grow in the tundra. 
The student wants to emphasize how harsh the 
conditions can be in the tundra. Which choice most 
effectively uses relevant information from the notes 
to accomplish this goal? 
A) Winters in the tundra are especially harsh, with 
temperatures averaging a frigid –30 degrees 
Fahrenheit. 
B) Animals that have adapted to harsh winter 
conditions can survive tundra winters. 
C) There are around 1,700 different kinds of plants 
that can live in the tundra, where average 
temperatures can reach a mild 54 degrees 
Fahrenheit. 
D) Along with animals that have adapted to the 
tundra’s conditions, around1,700 different kinds 
of plants can live in the tundra. 
Unauthorized copying or reuse of any part of this page is illegal. CONTINUE24
Module 
2 
30 
While researching a topic, a student has taken the 
following notes: 
• Minnesota defines a lake as an inland body of 
water of at least 10 acres. 
• Wisconsin’s definition of a lake doesn’t take size 
into account. 
• By its own definition, Wisconsin has over 
15,000 lakes, many smaller than 10 acres. 
• By Minnesota’s definition, Wisconsin has only 
about 6,000 lakes. 
The student wants to contrast Minnesota’s definition 
of a lake with Wisconsin’s. Which choice most 
effectively uses relevant information from the notes 
to accomplish this goal? 
A) Wisconsin, which doesn’t take size into account 
in defining a lake, claims that it has over 
15,000 lakes. 
B) Because its definition of a lake is different from 
Minnesota’s, it is unclear how many lakes 
Wisconsin really has. 
C) According to Minnesota’s definition of a 
lake—an inland body of water of at least 
10 acres—Wisconsin has about 6,000 lakes. 
D) Minnesota’s definition of a lake—an inland body 
of water of at least 10 acres—is more restrictive 
than Wisconsin’s, which doesn’t take size into 
account. 
...............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
31 
While researching a topic, a student has taken the 
following notes: 
• Just like states have state flags, some cities have 
city flags. 
• Over one hundred US cities have redesigned their 
flags since 2015. 
• The city of Pocatello, Idaho, redesigned its flag 
after it was named the most poorly designed flag 
in North America. 
• Pocatello’s new flag better represents the city’s 
mountainous geography and civic priorities. 
• Residents consider the new flag to be a meaningful 
symbol of civic pride. 
The student wants to make and support a 
generalization about the effect of redesigning a city 
flag. Which choice most effectively uses relevant 
information from the notes to accomplish this goal? 
A) Over one hundred US cities have redesigned 
their flags, including Pocatello, whose flag had 
been named the most poorly designed flag in 
North America. 
B) Pocatello is just one of over one hundred US 
cities that have redesigned their flags. 
C) After it was named the most poorly designed flag 
in North America, the flag of Pocatello was 
redesigned to better represent the city’s 
geography and civic priorities. 
D) Redesigning a poorly designed city flag can 
create a meaningful symbol of civic pride, as was 
the case when Pocatello redesigned its original 
flag to better represent its geography and civic 
priorities. 
Unauthorized copying or reuse of any part of this page is illegal. CONTINUE25
Module 
2 
32 
Unauthorized copying or reuse of any part of this page is illegal. 26
While researching a topic, a student has taken the 
following notes: 
• Allan Houser was a Chiricahua Warm Springs 
Apache sculptor, illustrator, and painter. 
• Many of his sculptures featured Native American 
figures. 
• He depicted this subject matter using abstract, 
modernist forms, developing a distinctive style 
that influenced many other artists. 
• His well-known sculpture Sacred Rain Arrow was 
pictured on the State of Oklahoma license plate. 
The student wants to describe the distinctive style of 
Houser’s sculptures. Which choice most effectively 
uses relevant information from the notes to 
accomplish this goal? 
A) A sculptor, illustrator, and painter, Houser 
developed a distinctive style for portraying 
Native American figures. 
B) Houser’s sculptures employ abstract, modernist 
forms to depict Native American figures. 
C) Many other artists have been influenced by the 
style of Houser’s sculptures. 
D) The sculpture Sacred Rain Arrow is a 
well-known example of Houser’s style. 
...............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
33 
While researching a topic, a student has taken the 
following notes: 
• Architect Julian Abele studied Gregorian and 
neo-Gothic architecture in Europe. 
• Abele worked for an architecture firm that 
was hired in 1924 to design buildings for 
Duke University’s new campus. 
• Most of the buildings on Duke’s campus were 
designed in the Gregorian or neo-Gothic 
architectural styles. 
• At the time, Abele was not formally credited with 
designing the buildings. 
• Based on the buildings’ architectural styles, 
historians believe Abele designed most of the 
campus buildings. 
The student wants to specify why historians believe 
Abele designed most of Duke’s campus buildings. 
Which choice most effectively uses relevant 
information from the notes to accomplish this goal? 
A) Given that most of the buildings on Duke’s 
campus feature architectural styles that Abele 
had studied in Europe, historians believe Abele is 
the one who designed them. 
B) Though Abele wasn’t formally credited at the 
time, historians believe he designed most of the 
buildings on Duke’s campus. 
C) Most of Duke’s campus buildings, which were 
designed by a firm Abele worked for, were 
designed in the Gregorian and neo-Gothic 
architectural styles. 
D) Abele, an architect who studied Gregorian and 
neo-Gothic architecture in Europe, is believed to 
have designed most of the buildings on Duke’s 
campus. 
STOP 
If you finish before time is called, you may check your work on this module only. 
Do not turn to any other module in the test. 
No Test Material On This Page 
Module 
1 
Math 
27 QUESTIONS 
DIRECTIONS
The questions in this section address a number of important math skills. 
Use of a calculator is permitted for all questions. 
NOTES,a-nH 
Unless otherwise indicated: 
• All variables and expressions represent real numbers. 
• Figures provided are drawn to scale. 
• All figures lie in a plane. 
• The domain of a given function f is the set of all real numbers x for which f(x) 
is a real number. 
REFERENCE li04ii1Ut31 
G £ 
~ b~ CJw ~x 0 
b a x--../3 
'~ 45° 
s 
A =nr2 
C=2nr 
A= Rw A =_!bh 
2 
c2 = a2 + b2 Special Right Triangles 
62h E} 
£ 
V= Rwh V= nr2h 
@ 4 
V = i,.r3 V=½nr2h V =3£wh 
The number of degrees of arc in a circle is 360. 
The number of radians of arc in a circle is 2n. 
3 
The sum of the measures in degrees of the angles of a triangle is 180. 
£ 
1 
 
Unauthorized copying or reuse of any part of this page is illegal. CONTINUE28
Module 
1 
For multiple-choice questions, solve each problem, choose the correct 
answer from the choices provided, and then circle your answer in this book. 
Circle only one answer for each question. If you change your mind, completely 
erase the circle. You will not get credit for questions with more than one 
answer circled, or for questions with no answers circled. 
For student-produced response questions, solve each problem and write 
your answer next to or under the question in the test book as described below. 
• Once you've written your answer, circle it clearly. You will not receive credit 
for anything written outside the circle, or for any questions with more than 
one circled answer. 
• If you find more than one correct answer, write and circle only one answer. 
• Your answer can be up to 5 characters for a positive answer and up to 
6 characters (including the negative sign) for a negative answer, but no more. 
• If your answer is a fraction that is too long (over 5 characters for positive, 
6 characters for negative), write the decimal equivalent. 
• If your answer is a decimal that is too long (over 5 characters for positive, 
6 characters for negative),truncate it or round at the fourth digit. 
• If your answer is a mixed number (such as 3.!. ), write it as an improper 
fraction (7/2) or its decimal equivalent (3.5). 2 
• Don't include symbols such as a percent sign, comma, or dollar sign in 
your circled answer. 
Unauthorized copying or reuse of any part of this page is illegal. CONTINUE29
Module 
1 
---------~ -
-
10 
9 
8 
7 
6 
5 
4 
3 
2 
1 
y 
u 
--------~ 
X 
12345678910 
---------~ 
1 
How many yards are equivalent to 612 inches? 
(1 yard = 36 inches)
A) 0.059 
B) 17 
C) 576 
D) 22,032 
2 
Response Frequency 
Once a week or more 3 
Two or three times a month 16 
About once a month 26 
A few times a year 73 
Almost never 53 
Never 29 
Total 200 
The table gives the results of a survey of 200 people 
who were asked how often they see a movie in a 
theater. How many people responded either “never” 
or “almost never”? 
A) 24 
B) 53 
C) 82 
D) 118 
...............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
3 
What is the y-intercept of the line graphed? 
A) (0, −8)
B) 
1
0, −
8






C) (0, 0)
D) (0, 8)
4 
What value of p satisfies the equation 
p5 + 180 = 250 ? 
A) 14 
B) 65 
C) 86 
D) 250 
Unauthorized copying or reuse of any part of this page is illegal. CONTINUE30
Module 
1 
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' 1, 
" ' " ' ' I"-. 
' I'-
" ' " ' ' X 
12345678910 
Pounds of tangerines 
5 
What is the area, in square centimeters, of a rectangle 
with a length of 36 centimeters and a width of 
34 centimeters? 
A) 70 
B) 140 
C) 1,156 
D) 1,224 
...............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
6 
There are 170 blocks in a container. Of these blocks, 
10% are green. How many blocks in the container are 
green? 
7 
The equation a b46 = 2 + 2 gives the relationship 
between the side lengths a and b of a certain 
parallelogram. If a = 9, what is the value of b ? 
8 
The graph shows the possible combinations of the 
number of pounds of tangerines and lemons that 
could be purchased for $18 at a certain store. If 
Melvin purchased lemons and 4 pounds of 
tangerines for a total of $18, how many pounds of 
lemons did he purchase? 
A) 7 
B) 10 
C) 14 
D) 16 
9 
The area of a square is 64 square inches. What is the 
side length, in inches, of this square? 
A) 8 
B) 16 
C) 64 
D) 128 
Unauthorized copying or reuse of any part of this page is illegal. CONTINUE31
Module 
1 
---------~ 
---------~ 
---------~ 
80 
70 
f 60 
10 
y 
u 
,, 
' ,, 
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 
Time (days since June 1) 
X 
---------~ 
10 
Connor has c dollars and Maria has m dollars. 
Connor has 4 times as many dollars as Maria, and 
together they have a total of $25.00. Which system of 
equations represents this situation? 
A) c m= 4
c m+ = 25
B) m c= 4
c m+ = 25
C) c m= 25
c m+ = 4
D) m c= 25
c m+ = 4
11 
d = 16t
The given equation represents the distance d, in 
inches, where t represents the number of seconds 
since an object started moving. Which of the 
following is the best interpretation of 16 in this 
context? 
A) The object moved a total of 16 inches. 
B) The object moved a total of 16t inches. 
C) The object is moving at a rate of 16 inches per 
second. 
D) The object is moving at a rate of 
1
16
inches per 
second. 
...............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
12 
The scatterplot shows the temperature y, in °F, 
recorded by a meteorologist at various times x, in 
days since June 1. 
During which of the following time periods did the 
greatest increase in recorded temperature take place? 
A) From x = 6 to x = 7
B) From x = 5 to x = 6
C) From x = 2 to x = 3
D) From x = 1 to x = 2
13 
A distance of 112 furlongs is equivalent to how many 
feet? (1 furlong = 220 yards and 1 yard = 3 feet)
Unauthorized copying or reuse of any part of this page is illegal. CONTINUE32
c m= 4
m c= 4
c = 25m
m = 25c
Module 
1 
---------- -- y 
c __ 2- _4 g_ 10_ 12_ 14_ 16 
X 
,...._ -2 .., 
Q) 
~ -4 I 
-6 
j 
\ I -8 
; -10 \ I 
\. j 
Q) 
0 -12 -~-------- -14 
-16 
Elapsed time (hours) 
----------
14 
j x mx( ) = + 144
For the linear function j, m is a constant and 
j 12 = 18( ) . What is the value of j 10( ) ? 
15 
y x= 4 − 9
y = 19
What is the solution x y( , ) to the given system of 
equations? 
A) (4, 19)
B) (7, 19)
C) (19, 4)
D) (19, 7)
16 
Which expression is equivalent to w256 − 676
2 ? 
A) (16 − 26)(16 − 26)
B) (8 − 13)(8 + 13)
C) (8w − 13)(8w − 13)
D) (16 − 26)(16 + 26)
17 
Scientists recorded data about the ocean water levels 
at a certain location over a period of 6 hours. The 
graph shown models the data, where y = 0
represents sea level. Which table gives values of x and 
their corresponding values of y based on the model? 
A) x y 
0 − 12
0 3
3 6
B) x y 
0 0
3 12 
0 −6
C) x y 
0 0
3 − 12
6 0
D) x y
0 0
12 3
−6 0
............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 
Unauthorized copying or reuse of any part of this page is illegal. CONTINUE33
w w
w w
w w
0
0
63
0
12
3
−12
−12
−6 0
Module 
1 
-------~ -------~ 
-------~ 
-------~ -------~ 
18 
Line k is defined by y x= 3 + 15. Line j is 
perpendicular to line k in the xy-plane. What is the 
slope of line j ? 
A) −1
3
B) −
1
12
C) − 1
18
D) − 1
45
19 
A store sells two different-sized containers of a 
certain Greek yogurt. The store’s sales of this Greek 
yogurt totaled 1,277.94 dollars last month. The 
equation x y5.48 + 7.30 = 1,277.94 represents this 
situation, where x is the number of smaller 
containers sold and y is the number of larger 
containers sold. According to the equation, which of 
the following represents the price, in dollars, of each 
smaller container? 
A) 5.48
B) 7.30y
C) 7.30
D) 5.48x
20
...............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
A right rectangular prism has a length of 
28 centimeters (cm), a width of 15 cm , and a height 
of 16 cm . What is the surface area, in cm2, of the 
right rectangular prism? 
21 
If x x3 − 18 − 15 = 0
2 , what is the value of x x− 6
2 ? 
22 
Which expression is equivalent to d d( − 6) 8 − 3
2( ) ? 
A) d d d8 − 14 − 3 + 18
3 2
B) d d8 − 17 + 48
3 2
C) d d d8 − 48 − 3 + 18
3 2
D) d d8 − 51 + 48
3 2
Unauthorized copying or reuse of any part of this page is illegal. CONTINUE34
Module 
1 
--------~ --------~ 23 
A right triangle has legs with lengths of 
28 centimeters and 20 centimeters. What is the 
length of this triangle’s hypotenuse, in centimeters? 
A) 8 6
B) 4 74
C) 48
D) 1,184
24 
Each of the following frequency tables represents a 
data set. Which data set has the greatest mean? 
A) Value Frequency70 4 
80 5 
90 6 
100 7 
B) Value Frequency 
70 6 
80 6 
90 6 
100 6 
C) Value Frequency 
70 7 
80 6 
90 6 
100 7 
D) Value Frequency 
70 8 
80 5 
90 5 
100 8 
...............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
25 
8 + 7 = 9x y
24x + 21y = 27
For each real number r, which of the following 
points lies on the graph of each equation in the 
xy-plane for the given system? 
A) r
r
, −
8
7
+
9
7






B) r
r−
8
7
+
9
7
,






C) r r
−
8
7
+ 9,
8
7
+ 27






D) r r
3
+ 9, −
3
+ 27






Unauthorized copying or reuse of any part of this page is illegal. CONTINUE35
8 + 7 = 9x y
Module 
1 
------~ ------~ 26 
A salesperson’s total earnings consist of a base salary 
of x dollars per year, plus commission earnings of 
11% of the total sales the salesperson makes during 
the year. This year, the salesperson has a goal for the 
total earnings to be at least 3 times and at most 
4 times the base salary. Which of the following 
inequalities represents all possible values of total 
sales s, in dollars, the salesperson can make this year 
in order to meet that goal? 
A) x s x2 ≤ ≤ 3
B) x s x
2
0.11
≤ ≤
3
0.11
C) x s x3 ≤ ≤ 4
D) x s x
3
0.11
≤ ≤
4
0.11
................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
27 
The number a is 70% less than the positive 
number b. The number c is 60% greater than a. 
The number c is how many times b ? 
STOP 
If you finish before time is called, you may check your work on this module only. 
Do not turn to any other module in the test. 
Unauthorized copying or reuse of any part of this page is illegal. 36
 
No Test Material On This Page 
Module 
2 
Math 
27 QUESTIONS 
DIRECTIONS
The questions in this section address a number of important math skills. 
Use of a calculator is permitted for all questions. 
,a-nH NOTES
Unless otherwise indicated: 
• All variables and expressions represent real numbers. 
• Figures provided are drawn to scale. 
• All figures lie in a plane. 
• The domain of a given function f is the set of all real numbers x for which f(x) 
is a real number. 
li04ii1Ut31 
G £ 
~ b~ CJw ~x 0 
b a x--../3 
'~ 45° 
s 
REFERENCE 
A =nr2 
C=2nr 
A= Rw A =_!bh 
2 
c2 = a2 + b2 Special Right Triangles 
V= Rwh V= nr2h V = i,.r3 
3 V=½nr2h V =3£wh 
62h E} 
£ 
The number of degrees of arc in a circle is 360. 
The number of radians of arc in a circle is 2n. 
@ 4 
The sum of the measures in degrees of the angles of a triangle is 180. 
£ 
1 
Unauthorized copying or reuse of any part of this page is illegal. CONTINUE38
Module 
2 
For multiple-choice questions, solve each problem, choose the correct 
answer from the choices provided, and then circle your answer in this book. 
Circle only one answer for each question. If you change your mind, completely 
erase the circle. You will not get credit for questions with more than one 
answer circled, or for questions with no answers circled. 
For student-produced response questions, solve each problem and write 
your answer next to or under the question in the test book as described below. 
• Once you've written your answer, circle it clearly. You will not receive credit 
for anything written outside the circle, or for any questions with more than 
one circled answer. 
• If you find more than one correct answer, write and circle only one answer. 
• Your answer can be up to 5 characters for a positive answer and up to 
6 characters (including the negative sign) for a negative answer, but no more. 
• If your answer is a fraction that is too long (over 5 characters for positive, 
6 characters for negative), write the decimal equivalent. 
• If your answer is a decimal that is too long (over 5 characters for positive, 
6 characters for negative), truncate it or round at the fourth digit. 
• If your answer is a mixed number (such as 3.!. 
2 
), write it as an improper 
fraction (7/2) or its decimal equivalent (3.5). 
• Don't include symbols such as a percent sign, comma, or dollar sign in 
your circled answer. 
Unauthorized copying or reuse of any part of this page is illegal. CONTINUE39
Module 
2 
-------~ -------~ 
-------~ 
-------~ 
-------~ 
1 
...............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
There are 20 buttons in a bag: 8 white buttons, 
2 orange buttons, and 10 brown buttons. If one of 
these buttons is selected at random, what is the 
probability of selecting a white button? 
A) 2
20
B) 8
20
C) 10
20
D) 12
20
2 
An employee at a restaurant prepares sandwiches 
and salads. It takes the employee 1.5 minutes to 
prepare a sandwich and 1.9 minutes to prepare a 
salad. The employee spends a total of 46.1 minutes 
preparing x sandwiches and y salads. Which 
equation represents this situation? 
A) x y1.9 + 1.5 = 46.1
B) x y1.5 + 1.9 = 46.1
C) x y+ = 46.1
D) x y30.7 + 24.3 = 46.1
3
In a box of pens, the ratio of black pens to red pens is 
8 to 1. There are 40 black pens in the box. How many 
red pens are in the box? 
A) 5 
B) 8 
C) 40 
D) 320 
4 
The function f is defined by the equation 
f (x) = 100x + 2. What is the value of f (x) when 
x = 9 ? 
A) 111 
B) 118 
C) 900 
D) 902 
5 
The length, y, of a white whale was 162 centimeters 
(cm) when it was born and increased an average of 
4.8 cm per month for the first 12 months after it was 
born. Which equation best represents this situation, 
where x is the number of months after the whale was 
born and y is the length, in cm, of the whale? 
A) y = 162x
B) y = 162x + 162
C) y = 4.8x + 4.8
D) y x= 4.8 + 162
Unauthorized copying or reuse of any part of this page is illegal. CONTINUE40
Module 
2 
---------- ----- y 
,1 
s 1-6 1-4 1-2 1u 2 4 6 8 
X 
1 
I 
2 
I 
3 
I 
4 
I 
5 r I 
6 
I j 
7, 
I 
I 
' 1 
6 
The perimeter of an isosceles triangle is 83 inches. 
Each of the two congruent sides of the triangle has a 
length of 24 inches. What is the length, in inches, of 
the third side? 
7 
If x2 + = 60, what is the value of x16 + 8 ? 
8 
The population density of Worthington is 290 people 
per square mile. Worthington has a population of 
92,800 people. What is the area, in square miles, of 
Worthington? 
A) 102,400 
B) 93,090 
C) 320 
D) 32 
9 
What is the y-intercept of the graph shown? 
A) (0, −6)
B) (−6, 0)
C) (0, 0)
D) (−5, −5)
............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 
Unauthorized copying or reuse of any part of this page is illegal. CONTINUE41
Module 
---------~ 
] 240 
o.. 220 f 200 
180 
~ 160 
,..0 
~ 140 
; 120 
~ 100 
~ 80 
~ 60 
§ 40 
Z 20 
y 
u 
I 
I 
I 
I 
I 
I 
2 
i 
I 
I 
I 
I 
I 
I 
i 
I 
I 
I 
I 
I 
I 
4 6 
Time (seconds) 
8 
X 
10 
---------~ 
2 
---------~ 
-------
---------~ 
10 
...............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
The graph shown modelsthe number of candy bars a 
certain machine wraps with a label in x seconds. 
According to the graph, what is the estimated 
number of candy bars the machine wraps with a label 
per second? 
A) 2 
B) 40 
C) 78 
D) 80 
11 
In a right triangle, the measure of one of the acute 
angles is 51°. What is the measure, in degrees, of the 
other acute angle? 
A) 6 
B) 39 
C) 49 
D) 51 
12 
2, 9, 14, 23, 32 
What is the mean of the data shown? 
A) 14 
B) 16 
C) 17 
D) 32 
13 
The function f is defined by f x x( ) = 6 + . What is 
the value of f (36) ? 
14 
x y+ 3 = 29
y3 = 11
The solution to the given system of equations is 
x y( , ). What is the value of x ? 
Unauthorized copying or reuse of any part of this page is illegal. CONTINUE42
Module 
2 
----------
----------
----------
----------
y 
10 
9 
8 
7 
6 
5 
4 
3 
2 
' 
1 
() 
' ..... 
~ _,_ 
~ ' -... ,., 
- "" ... 
"""'---
X 
12345678910 
15 
...............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
On a car trip, Rhett and Jessica each drove for part of 
the trip, and the total distance they drove was under 
220 miles. Rhett drove at an average speed of 
35 miles per hour (mph), and Jessica drove at an 
average speed of 40 mph. Which of the following 
inequalities represents this situation, where r is the 
number of hours Rhett drove and j is the number of 
hours Jessica drove? 
A) r j35 + 40 > 220
B) r j35 + 40 < 220
C) r j40 + 35 > 220
D) r j40 + 35 < 220
16 
b cf= 42
The given equation relates the positive numbers b, c, 
and f. Which equation correctly expresses c in terms 
of b and f ? 
A) c b
f
=
42
B) c
b
f
=
− 42
C) c bf= 42
D) c b f= 42 − −
17
Davio bought some potatoes and celery. The potatoes 
cost $0.69 per pound, and the celery cost $0.99 per 
pound. If Davio spent $5.34 in total and bought 
twice as many pounds of celery as pounds of 
potatoes, how many pounds of celery did Davio buy? 
A) 2 
B) 2.5 
C) 2.67 
D) 4 
18 
In the given scatterplot, a line of best fit for the data 
is shown. 
Which of the following is closest to the slope of this 
line of best fit? 
A) 7
B) 0.7
C) −0.7
D) −7
Unauthorized copying or reuse of any part of this page is illegal. CONTINUE43
Module 
2 
------~ ------~ 
------~ 
------~ 
19 
Scientists collected fallen acorns that each housed a 
colony of the ant species P. ohioensis and analyzed 
each colony’s structure. For any of these colonies, if 
the colony has x worker ants, the equation 
y x= 0.67 + 2.6, where , gives the 
predicted number of larvae, y, in the colony. If one of 
these colonies has 58 worker ants, which of the 
following is closest to the predicted number of larvae 
in the colony? 
A) 41 
B) 61 
C) 83 
D) 190 
20 
What number is 40% greater than 115? 
21 
For the values j and k, the ratio of j to k is 11 to 12. 
If j is multiplied by 17, what is k multiplied by in 
order to maintain the same ratio? 
...............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
22 
Immanuel purchased a certain rare coin on 
January 1. The function f x( ) = 65(1.03)
x , 
where , gives the predicted value, in 
dollars, of the rare coin x years after Immanuel 
purchased it. What is the best interpretation of the 
statement “ f (8) is approximately equal to 82” in this 
context? 
A) When the rare coin’s predicted value is 
approximately 82 dollars, it is 8% greater than 
the predicted value, in dollars, on January 1 of 
the previous year. 
B) When the rare coin’s predicted value is 
approximately 82 dollars, it is 8 times the 
predicted value, in dollars, on January 1 of the 
previous year. 
C) From the day Immanuel purchased the rare coin 
to 8 years after Immanuel purchased the coin, its 
predicted value increased by a total of 
approximately 82 dollars. 
D) 8 years after Immanuel purchased the rare coin, 
its predicted value is approximately 82 dollars. 
Unauthorized copying or reuse of any part of this page is illegal. CONTINUE44
x0 ≤ ≤ 10
x20 ≤ ≤ 110
Module 
2 
------~ ---
h 
------~ 
23 
x y 
−6 n + 184
−3 n + 92
0 n 
The table shows three values of x and their 
corresponding values of y, where n is a constant, for 
the linear relationship between x and y. What is the 
slope of the line that represents this relationship in 
the xy-plane? 
A) −92
3
B) −
3
92
C) n + 92
−3
D) n2 − 92
3
24 
...............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
The figure shown is a right circular cylinder with a 
radius of r and height of h. A second right circular 
cylinder (not shown) has a volume that is 392 times 
as large as the volume of the cylinder shown. Which 
of the following could represent the radius R, in 
terms of r, and the height H, in terms of h, of the 
second cylinder? 
A) R r= 8 and H h= 7
B) R r= 8 and H h= 49
C) R r= 7 and H h= 8
D) R r= 49 and H h= 8
25 
Each side of a 30-sided polygon has one of 
three lengths. The number of sides with length 
8 centimeters (cm) is 5 times the number of sides n 
with length 3 cm. There are 6 sides with length 4 cm. 
Which equation must be true for the value of n ? 
A) n5 + 6 = 30
B) n6 + 6 = 30
C) n n n8 + 3 + 4 = 30
D) n n8(5 ) + 3 + 4(6) = 30
Unauthorized copying or reuse of any part of this page is illegal. CONTINUE45
Module 
2 
26 
Data set F consists of 55 integers between 170 and 
290. Data set G consists of all the integers in data 
set F as well as the integer 10. Which of the following 
must be less for data set F than for data set G? 
I. The mean 
II. The median 
A) I only 
B) II only 
C) I and II 
D) Neither I nor II 
.................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
27 
A right circular cone has a height of 22 centimeters 
(cm) and a base with a diameter of 6 cm. The volume 
of this cone is nπ cm
3. What is the value of n ? 
STOP 
If you finish before time is called, you may check your work on this module only. 
Do not turn to any other module in the test. 
Unauthorized copying or reuse of any part of this page is illegal. 46
No Test Material On This Page 
No Test Material On This Page 
No Test Material On This Page 
No Test Material On This Page 
No Test Material On This Page 
No Test Material On This Page 
No Test Material On This Page 
PSAT-8/9 
GENERAL DIRECTIONS 
• You may work on only one module at a time. 
• If you finish a module before time is called, check your work on that module only. 
You may NOT turn to any other module. 
TIMING 
Reading and Writing, Module 1 : 39 minutes 
Reading and Writing, Module 2: 39 minutes 
10-minute break 
Math, Module 1: 43 minutes 
Math, Module 2: 43 minutes 
The above are standard times. If you are approved for accommodations involving 
additional time, you should give yourself that time when you practice. 
MARKING YOUR ANSWERS 
• Be sure to answer your questions properly in this book. 
• Circle only one answer to each question. If you change your mind, completely 
erase the circle. You will not get credit for questions with more than one answer 
circled, or for questions with no answers circled. 
USING YOUR TEST BOOK 
• You mayuse the test book for scratch work. 
• You may not fold or remove pages or portions of a page from this book, 
or take the book from the testing room. 
© 2023 College Board. College Board, SAT, and the acorn logo are registered trademarks of College Board.
PSAT is a trademark owned by College Board. 
	PSAT™ 8/9 Practice Test# 1 
	Module 1 
	Reading and Writing 
	DIRECTIONS 
	Module 2 
	Reading and Writing 
	DIRECTIONS 
	Module 1 
	Math 
	DIRECTIONS
	NOTES
	REFERENCE 
	Module 2 
	Math 
	DIRECTIONS
	NOTES
	REFERENCE 
	PSAT-8/9 
	GENERAL DIRECTIONS 
	TIMING 
	MARKING YOUR ANSWERS 
	USING YOUR TEST BOOK