MATERIAL DE APOIO - Língua Inglesa - Gramática - Carlos Sergio-095-096

Prévia do material em texto

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I want to study art, but my parents want me to become an engineer. 
I have studied the textbook, but I am still confused. (“I have studied” and “I am”) 
HOWEVER 
They were not having fun; however they stayed until the party was over. 
He doesn't study much; however he gets good grades at school. 
* Wrong! Don’t use however after a comma. 
Wrong: 
I don’t like to use computers; however, I have to use them for English class. 
CORRECT: 
I don’t like to use computers. However, I have to use them for English class. 
NEVERTHELESS 
It was very stormy; nevertheless we went fishing. 
* Don’t use nevertheless after a comma 
YET 
He wanted to reply to that accusation, yet he didn't. 
Thomas Edison dropped out of school at age 12, yet he became a famous inventor. 
WHEREAS/ WHILE = BUT / ON THE OTHER HAND 
While and whereas are used to show direct contrast: "this" is exactly opposite of "that." While 
and whereas may be used with idea of either clause with no difference in meaning. 
Whereas mostly occurs in formal written english. 
Note: A comma is usually used even though the adverb clause comes second 
EXAMPLES: 
I like to go swimming, whereas Sheila likes to sail. 
One arrived promptly, whereas the others hung back. 
He is quite shy, whereas his sister is lively and talkative. 
Mary is rich, whereas/ while John is poor. 
John is poor, whereas/ while Mary is rich. 
 
EXERCÍCIOS 
Texto para a questão 1. 
Deforestation has recently been recognized as a global problem. Even today, 
governments and individuals believe that only the countries using up their forests 
will be affected by it. However, scientists are convinced that the world’s forests 
must be preserved. They base their conviction on scientific data that prove the 
importance of forests to all people everywhere. 
(Taken from Between the Lines) 
GLOSSARY 
data – dados 
deforestation – desmatamento 
to recognize – reconhecer 
to use up – consumir totalmente 
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MUDE SUA VIDA! 
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1. The underlined word, in the text, is similar in meaning to 
a) so. 
b) but. 
c) then. 
d) because. 
O conectivo however dá ideia de contraste e pode ser substituído por outro 
conectivo com ideia de contraste, que é but. 
2. “Nonetheless” is closest in meaning to: 
a) in short. 
b) as a result. 
c) in addition. 
d) nevertheless. 
O conectivo nonetheless é sinônimo de nevertheless. Os dois dão ideia de 
contraste. 
3. In the sentence “But when she started working, she found out that...”, the word but 
indicates 
a) addition. 
b) consequence. 
c) result. 
d) reason. 
e) contrast. 
O conectivo but contém uma ideia de contraste. 
4. Choose the alternative that correctly substitutes the word yet in the sentence “It is less 
obvious that social diversity should work in the same way – yet the science shows that 
it does.” 
a) however 
b) for 
c) such as 
d) thus 
e) because 
O conectivo yet dá ideia de contraste e pode ser substituído por however, que 
também dá ideia de contraste. 
Read the fragment about traditional religions in Africa and answer question 5. 
Religion has always been central to people's lives in Africa. Although the 
majority of Africans are now Muslim or Christian, traditional religions have endured 
and still play a big role. Religion runs like a thread through daily life, marked by 
prayers of gratitude in times of plenty and prayers of supplication in times of need. 
Religion confirms identity on the individual and the group. 
http://www.bbc.co.uk/worldservice/africa/features/storyofafrica