460_1- Cutting Edge Upper Intermediate Student's Book_2013 -182p

Prévia do material em texto

SAVU9AS NVHIVNOT ONV
uooru u3r3d l lvH9NlNNn) HVUVS
l rou-cnc HllM
)OOE ,SINSGNISStvtct3lAluSrNl uSddn
DNtrnl
I
.==;-.:=€€ffireW%
o 1
GETTING ON
page 05
o2
UPS AND DOWNS
page 16
o3
IT ALL WENT WRONG
page 25
o4
YOUR MIND
page 35
o5
FACE TO FACE
page 46
o6
BIG IDEAS
page 56
r.- tr
Past and present verb
forms
Uses of auxiliary verbs
Relationships
Friendship
Wordspot:gef
Listening: Your past and
Dresent
Reading: Creat sibling
rivalries
Listening: Characteristics
of a good friend
Reading: Happiness: facts
and mlrths
Listening: Things that
make you feel good
*;iir,T:-:;'"".,feel good
, ,
"1i,
j
Narrative tenses
Continuous aspect in
other tenses
Review of future forms
More complex question
forms
Use and non-use ofthe
passive
PassiVe forms with
have or get
Mishaps
Cr ime and punishment
Headtines
Cetting together
Coltoquia[ [anguage
Mental skitls
Wordspot: mrnd
Personal characteristics
Listening: MentaI ski[[s
Reading: W_hat shapes our
personality?
Reading and [istening:
News articles
Reading: We may have
750 friends online, but
we're lonely
Listening: Online dating
'l
Perfect tenses
More about the Present
perfect simple and
continuous
Human achievements
Wordspot: /rrst **,:,"ru
Study, Practice & Remember page 131, Audio scripts page 167, lrregularverb l ist page 179
8VLa8ed 'spronrr osotll lequrauou
LvL aled 'Z af,rtrerd t ,(pnrS
97; a8ed 'L a)lperd B ,{pnrs
Bu;1ead5 qsel
Bu1ua1s11 :uol1eredal4
auuerBord
nf e roj eePr ue luosojd
suottrsanb ul
su.uo1 Buo.tls pue lea/l
saoreq Bunsu6
:elnllnf Pllo/v\
eBessauu
1o sad,{1 :tu;l;.r/y\
auoqdalal
aql uo sr-ualqord qlgrur
3u11ea6 :3u11eed5
en;1 e3en3uel
57; a8ed 'sprom eseql taquaua1
yyy aBed 'Z arperd t ,(PnrS
97; a8ed 'L arllerd t ,{pnrS
Burlead5:1se1
Bu rualsrl :uogleredel4
,(ped reuurp ,{se1ue; e ue16
suollsanD Pue
slueualels ro uolleuolul
ssefls PJoA
ft8ue ro uler Sutpuno5
s3x$Jns unoN
rgtaqledu,{s Surpuno5
sqlan fietllxnY
6E; eBed 'sproM eseql iaquaulau
gEl e8ed'Z a)rperd t,(PniS
2g; eBed 'L erperd 
t ,(PnrS
a^rlelreu y :tu;tg.ttv\
suelqoJd
Pelfadxaun ql!/v\
3u11ea6 :3u;1eed5
anl'1 e3en3uel
3u11ead5 :4sel
3urua1sr1 :uog1e.redel4
matn;o slutod
o^ l tuorj &o1s e 11a1
7y; aBed 'sploM eseql raquoulau
;7; a8ed 'z arrlfeld t ,{Pnrs
gy; eBed 'L artrerd t ,{PnrS
3u11ead5 :>;se1
Sulpeex :uol1ereder6
uotsstu a:eds
e uo oB o1 aldoad esooqf
zernunu lo elnleN
:arniln) PFo/n
elnuloJ
ssaurddeq aql
:€Jnunt PlJo/v\
99; a8ed 'spJoM asaql Jeqruaulau
59; e8ed'Z alrperd '6 ̂PntS
79;. a8ed 'L arperd 
t ,(PnrS
3u11ead5:>1se1
3ur ua1s11 :uol1eredar4
,(aruns ssell P oC
gg; a8ed 'sproM esaql raquaua1
Z€l a8ed 'Z artleld t ,{PnrS
lEl aBBd'L elrperd '3,(PnrS
,{qderSorq e Sur4elp
pue 3uruue16 :Eu;11.t/v\
1aa; aldoad Moq ot
SurpuodsaX :3ur1eed5
eng'1 e8en3uel
3u11ead5 qsel
3utua1st1
pue Surpeax :uol1e.reder4
SutoB uotlesranuor e daa;
C*ruTHNT5
07
EVENTS
Page 66
o9
GETTING IT RIGHT
Page 86
1 1
LIFE ISSUES
Page 106
Relative clauses
Quantif iers
Use and non-use of articles
Different ways of givini
emphasis
Celebrations and protests
SpeciaI events
Wordspot: take
PhrasaI verbs
Wordspot: right and wrong
Reading: We saw history in
the making
Listening: Special events
Reading: How to stand
out from the crowd
Listening and writing:
Taking notes
HypotheticaI situations in
the present
HypotheticaI situations in
the past
Science and processes
Wordspot: /fe
Study, Practice & Remember page 131, Audio scripts page 167, lrregular verb list page 179
991 a8ed 'sproa asaql raqluaureu
SgL aSPd 'Z arpPld 
3 ^PnlS
t9L aBed 'L errrrud ,8IPnIS
E9l €8ed 'sProM asaql raqLuaLua!
29t €8ed'z artperd ? ̂Pnls
t9t a8ed'L a)lrerd € Xpnts
09L eSed 'spro.\ .seql Fquourau
6SL 33ed 'Z ertpprd J8,(pnrs
851 sBed't erlpeld € ^Pnrs
lsI aSed 'sproM 3s.qlr.qurauts!
95! aSPd 'Z.rlperd )3,{pnls
ss! aSed 'L .rlperd,t,{pnls
!^ eleh
ur$^n SurSueq)
roccr 1<' 
"oFD
PUP rojt, v :Surtun
suoLuldo
Surrlodat:Suueads
:a^I33sn3uel
rulti lo sruat)s aq1
rau.l3uu3^ol
a^rrelnrads v:3ul1:ll
.rl^PE Pue
suorlsaSSns rBu!Ieads
:a^I aBenSuEl
SuqeedS qset
3u!1sads
puP 3uru3lsr't :uotrPiP&rd
ijoou aql PloH
3ur)iP€dS lser
Surualsr'l :uoqEredard
tPrsri^orruor € ssnrs c
Bu!)eeds qsel
,&qnqe)o^
pue SurpP€U :uotlere&rd
aPrrlP ue ssnrsrc
3ur)iP€dS:tse-L
SurpeaX:uorrErsd€rd
sorl tussuo PUE pallo:)
sPL-: i
leMo^ pue ssarrs p-: .'
P!PS
aldoad leqM SulUodau
srseqdu. rol ss.rts 3u1._
tst eSed 'sPrcM asaql raqualu3u
€SL a8ed'Z arlpeld ? ^pnls
Z9l a8ed'L srlperd 3 ^pnls
LSL aSed 'sproM asaqlraqursur3!
ogl aSed'z s.lperd ,3 fpnls
6tL aSed'L a)Frerd 3 ^pnls
alSueu-L
sPnu.r.raa 0ql
suollenlrs leiros
PTEMIMV :3u!teads
lua^i uP
Jo Mar^ar Y:3u4u/t\
3ut)Peds :)|sel
,0elnqe)o^
pue 3u!peaU ruo!}gled3{
sauErs^Lu o^/\r ssnrslce/eq Jo uroj leaM 3q1
Sulleads :)iseI
/(]e]nqero^
puP SurpPaX :uorleredErd
ru€^a ue ro] sPsP luasard 3^!t a3en8uelarrlod Bu punc j
hid
Itti
H4I
Speaking and listening
\r'\)t.rr l! ii ti,ii ;\ti,ri ill.trril:ill.:
1a Read A-F above.Think of at teast two things to say,about each one.
b Work in pairs.Teltyour partnerabout the things you have written.
Your partner can askyou questions.
6i t.1 Listen to six speakers.which item from exercise 1a does
each speakertatk about?
Listen again.Which speaker mentions the topics in the box?
What do they say aboutthem?
2a
working on a fiLm
3 l0 d 1.2 Listen and complete the extracts from the recording.
1 We _ there every sumrner for our hoL.days.
_ it.
2 Nornally i t 's f ine because _ on programnes
late .. . But at the moment _ a f i ln.
t was nry f i rst job, but think Kathy_ di f ferent jobs
before that.
three or four vears.
Somehow touch.
think we about five years.
We were to each other and we just
t sweet ln the photo on Facebook.
3
5
6
7
8-ff
2 '
3 -
4 .
Reading
Work in pairs and discuss the questions betowthat
are r€Levanttoyou,
. Would you like to have a brother or sister?Why?
. What are the advanta8es of being an onty chitd?
. How close is your relatlonship with your sibting(s)?
. Are you sirnilar to each other? n what ways?
. Are yoLr ctoser to one sibtingthan the other(s)?
Which one and why?
. Are you competltive with your sibting(s)? lfyes,
grve examPles.
Work in pairs and Look atthe photos.What doyou
know (or can you guess) aboutthe people?
Read the article and answerthe questions.
Which famous sibLings...
1 are friends despite their rivalry?
2 have continued their rivatry into otd age?
3 have taken legalaction against each other?
4 caused problems in their locaIcomnrunity becalse
of their rivatry?
5 often competed against each other in impotant
compet t ionsl
6 often criticise each other in the firedia?
Read the article again.Complete thesentences beLow.
1 The aLrthor of the article felt competitive towards
ner stster Decause ,.,
2 n her autob iography, I oan Fontaine boasted that
she had . . .
3 A lot of people were watching when Olivia de
Havit land...
4 NoelCatlagher once attacked his brother
Decause...
5 The Dasste- brotfers st.rred separale.o'rpdrie(
6 Some peop[e ir Herzogenaurach refused to
social ise with each other because ...
7 Thewil l iams sisters are best fr iends despite the
fact that...
I We know the author ofthe article is stilt
cornpetitive towards her sister because .,.
Work in groups and discuss the qu€stions below.
. Which case ofsibl ing r ivalry do you think is the
most extreme?Why?
. Which slbl ings'achievements are the most
impressive?
' Do you know any other
examples of serious
sibting rivatry?
Venus and Serena Williams
For most people, the longest relationship they will
have is with their sibling. lt's a shame, then, that we
can't choose them. As children, my younger sister
and I were always competing with each olher
I wasjealous of her looks and she felt threatened
by my academic success. But our valry was nothing
compared to that of some famous siblings.
Take 1940s move stars O iv a de Havilland and Joan
Fo_td re. -he conpe iivc.aario.rg'] p berweel rlese
s sters s the stuff of Holwvood egend. 'l married first,
wo_ t 'e Os.a belqF O.v'a do. Aro ir I die i 's., s1e l
.,ldoLbtedly be ri\^gllbecdLse I beat l-er to t. Joa 1 w ote
n her autobography. Thek rvalry became very pubic
n 1946 when Olivla won an Oscan Joan was asked
to present the award but O ivia refLtsed to even shake
her hand. 'Theyjust don't have much a common,'
commented one person at the time. Now n thelr 90s, the
sisters apparently sUll oathe each otherl
More recently, the rivalry between rock stars Noel and
Liam Ga agher has hit the news. As part of ihe band
Oasis, they created some memorabe music, but
wheneverthey are interviewed, the brothers cannot resist
putting each olher down. 'There are only iv/o things
wrong wrth Liam,' Noel oace said, 'eveMh ng he says
and eveMh ng he does.' Wh le the brothers were workrng
on their second album, Liam nvited some friends to the
stud o for a party. Noe was lrying io work and ended up
attacking Lanr with a cricket bat. By 2011, the brothers
had stopped working togeiher and were suing each other
- a sorry stuation for any brothers io be in.
Listening and vocabutary
i:lr iondr[r in
la work in pairs.Which characteristics below do lqt
de5cribe the behaviour ofa good friend?
'I You can trustthem,
2 They atways tett you the truth.
3 They sometimes lie toyou.
4 They afe fun to be with.
5 They gossip aboutyou behind you. back.
6 You can confide in them aboutyour problems.
7 They atways keep their promis€s.
b Work in groups.Think of two more characteristics
ofa good friend.Which do you think is the most
important characteristic in a friend?
Za rl 0r 1.4 Work in pairs.You are going to listen to three
conversations, Listen to Maz confiding in Anna, and
answer the questions.
1 Who is Ben?
2 What problem does Maz have?
3 Wha do we lea-1 abour l4az ard Ber a. people?
4 What doesAnna promise at the end ofthe
conversation?
b rl !r 1.5 Listen toJoe talking to one of the women
from the previous conversation, and answerthe
quest|ons,
Who is Joe talking to?
What are they djscussing?
What is thelr attitude towards the situation?
What doesJoe pronise atthe end?
r0 0r 1,6 tisten toJoe talkingto someone eLse, and
answer the questions,
1 Who is loe tatking to?
2 What is the suprise that ls mentioned?
3 What doesJoe try to do in the conversation
and why?
4 How does the other person respond?
Iisten to atl three conversations again. Summarise
the situation between the four friends.
Work in pairs and discuss the questions.
' Do you have sympathy for Ben or Maz?
' Are Anna and loe good friends to Ben and Maz?
' Should they say or do anything?
. What do you think will happen between Ben
and Maz?
Language focus 2
L!ses of auxi{,iary verhs
1 Complete sentences i-7 from the conversations
with the endings or responses in the box.
He says he is. wiLLyou?
1
2
3
4
isnl i t? oh, areyou?
lknow she wi l t .
we do have a good time iogether.
You don't thlnk he's interested? He say! rhe t!
I do love him, and _
You won't say anything to anyone,
Have you seen Ben and Maz at a[[?
l'm planning a bit of a sLrrprise for her.
Its going to cost you a fortune,
She' l l l i le this,
2 6i 1.2 Listen and check.
1 Und€rtine the auxiLiaries in the endings/responses
in th€ box in exercise 1.
2 which auxiliaries in exercise 1 are used to...
1 form tag questions?
4 torm a short answerto questions?
5 avoid repeatingwords orsentences?
I Read Study 2, page 192
Task
Keep a conversation going
$"$[il
Speaking
Responding to how people feel
1 Look at the Dhoto.Workin Dairs and discuss.Whodo
you turn to if you need a sympath€tic listener? Why?
6i1 1.tg Listen to three short conversations ano
answer the questions.
'| What is the person's problem in each case?
2 ls the listener very sympathetic, reasonabty
sympathetic or not very sympathetic?
3 what suggestion{s) does he/she make?
Check you understand the phrases in the box.Then
read situations 1-7 below and choose one or two
appropriate responses in the box for each.
4 Are any ofthe phrases in the box in exercise 3
inappropriate for any ofthe situations? Cive one or
two exampLes, and expLain why.
Work in pairs. Choose one ofthe situations in
exercise 3 and prepare a conversation similarto the
ones you listened to.
Act out your conversation for the class.The others
listen and saywhich situation you are actingout and
whether or notthe listener is sympathetic.You must be really wonied.
Don't take any notice ofhim/her.
Don'tworry, it doesn't matter.
Try not to worryabout it.
Just ignore him/her/it/them.
There s no point in getting upset.
That sounds a$4ull
How annoying!
Cheer upl
Never mind.
Catm down!
A visitof to your house ;s embarrassed because he's
spiLted his drink.
A child tetls you that his best friend said something
unkind to him.
Your best friend phones because she's had a rolv
with her boyfriend.
Your friend is in tears at the end of a sad fitm.
vou'lriend is worried because his morher is Boing
into hospitat.
Everyore is laughing aryour friend. new hai-style.
Your friend is too scared to go to the dentist by herself
1 a
4
6
7
t 6d ,.ra,,","n,o fiu. rhrases said in two diflerent
way!. Which sounds more sympathetic, a or b?
z 6i r.rs r"t"n to *'" phrases b€ins said i; a
symp.thetlcway. Repeat the phrasesfrom erercise 3,
paying attention to th€ intonation.
Writing
Planning and drafting a biography
Work in pai6 and discuss.What steps do you go
through when you write 5omething in Engtish,for
exampte a biography of a famous person?
Tum to page 133 and read the'Five stepsto better
writing'.which id€as doyou find us€ful?
f r ' \Ctr l 1"1. e v! . . r . r rr : r ; ; , i r ;
b .c i ' i . rFerod . t l i i : i . ) r i i r ! i i 5 r !
o r wo rs i 5ay 1 ' rs r ;o ._ f i i res :ee
3r ! f ipy s re . t1L lv 9e i - . f l
. .nDa e . l lo .n \ ,175% 01r . r -
FACTI Uos i p ; re i ts i . \ , i r i . r s i re . . i r . . l
t imc , ! t l r ihc r . f . l re . s i . r . i m- [85 ' i fen
h ip i es r n r iev . r , ! i , ! r t , iL : ! : r rc :c : i : !
u l r i . . i i i : l r d r e r , i i e n r - t o . i t i c i i a r e ' i 3
re i . r tee f9 n ress . . l . . .1 i r s t ra re . l
IN THIS UNIT
A psycholog st has livented a phone app which he
calmswi l make lsers more sel f -aware and able
to make better-infornred life choices. 'Track your
'ee :ngs b eeps ' ,e , a t " dor 
po ' . , n r -
day. Usere saywhatthey are doing and choose
a word to descr ibe howtheyfee, regis ter lng
th€ strensth oflhelrfee inss from one to five.
The inventor stresses that the app must be usec
d!.in9 the activity (or immediatey afterwards),
as he be ieves that we often recolect our
fee ings dlfferenty from howwe felt at thetime
\
Vocabulary and speaking
Read the facts at the top of the page.Then work in groups and
discuss. Do they surprise you? Can you think of any explanations
forthem?
Read the text above about a new phone app.
Answer the questions.
1 What does lhe nventor clair i i t y] i [ [do?
2 How does i t work?
3 Do you think an app [ ike this woutd b€ useful to you?
Work in pairs. Look at the adjectives below that are used in the app
and checkyou understand them.Which of the adjectives do you
rarely or never feet?
amused
awkward
DOrec
cheerful
confident
curious
oepresseo
dissatisfied
enthLrsrastrc
frust€ted
gflrmpy
Lmpatrent
{onety
paniclv
Posrtve
s[eepy
stressed
unsociable
upset
l
Reading and speaking
Read quotes 1-5 and choose the one you agree with
most. Compare answers with the class,
l{anoiness is the ineaninc 
and 
ter
".i""* 
'r tU'' tt'' *hore atm 
a"-
end-of human existen"" Arir,o,l"
Happiress is like a butterfly! the
more you chce it, the more it wi
escape you. But if you turn 'our
attention to other things, it will come
and sit softly on you shoulder.
Henry Davkl lhareau
- , * l
:::::::::::"::.):: :":'." I
nal e you -dop:e i + yo, ' aBW* a je i4 ' dno c. I
t h e a y o - . . e n o . a s - l p . s e . ) r . o e s " o s i s r e - ., ' s q o w I
r l "ar how n-ch we -ar1 ' r ac lLa t? es! . po ro_. .o o-r I
-aop ne$ r -a- how r r .h o- 'er p"op e e" r . What I
we walr -or o ' a I is ro -arn ro 'e th"n orr r e-ds I
a - d . o r e a g u e r . h s r i g ! e l o a . w q v L o u - . i e t i l e I
c . :1 . 5o.r . \orea a.d. ie ave seen lhe are- .qe I
inco-e more t rEn oouorp o"er rhe la , - 20 yea's . b.1 I
tavF spe_ io nc 'ea.e n Ldop neis. n the care o 'South I
ro.ea, l re s ! - +adion i rs adua l / fa le" . lowe\e , I
r -k ooF.^ - nea- , iar we do 1ca e dbo-L oJr i - .o-F. I
Ac 'ord i 9 ro \obel P ze-w nr r r9 p 'vc 'o log sr oan e I
Kd le-a" . . oney doe, noL buv yoJ rapoi less b. r a I_:_,:"".:"" I
Mosr peop e r l - n . r "ar c .v ro l l . a e .o.e skessed aro I
e s , a o p ? , h d r c o u . y t o l < W e l o w i t s o f c i a l ) I
' r e : c i r i e s o e o o n ) b d d b y o , ' h e a I r w i r h ' L e i I
pol ur io l a .o o 'e c o{d .9. ( "e) e a lso bao ro. yo { I
'aop ne,s. Ls "9 a soe. a ,manplo ie.op. 
- (o lomisL 
I
ceo 9e MacKe ,o1.o lec.ed data or whe'e wter I
d d why people &e e appy T-e ?eu rs wer" cle" . I
c t e s a e t n e J . r i o p i e s t p a c e s r o i v e i - . f / o . a ' - I
o h"por essa,ber g o ' . rca le ' ror l ro 00 ( r 'es I
'eor te vorr we l -oe n9 ov oet"ee- or . ano t , ,e po n i ' 
IAnd which places make peop e happiest? Mo!la d 'ess ' 
I
\ . -
. f f i ' \ '" l \t\1'
ir,i,'it i',\'\i 
i;l 
"'
If you want happiness for d hou! tate a
nap, II yo-u uanr happiness for a day. go
o\n,n€. U you han, happines< for a year,
:n}]e:'l-a 
forrue. rr )ou \anr happines.
for a lifetime, help soneone else.
Chinese proverb
The secet of happiness is not 
in seeking
more, but in l€arning to "oj"" 
t""'ro.rrr",
Anyone who is happy all the time reeds
to see a psychiarrist.
Ananynous
2a Read the statemenis below. Doyou think they are
true or false?
1 S p e _ d i - g r o n e r d o e . r r r o l e r o u h o p o . .
2 Living in a sunny cLlnrate makes you happier than
living ln a cold country.
3 Talking to strangers nakes you feel better
4 Daydreaming nakes you happy.
5 People who l ive in ci t les are more rnlsefab[e than
those who live in the country.
6 The more yoL earn, the betteryou feel
7 lvlen who do less housework are happler than rnen
who do a tot.
a Forcingyoursetf to smlLe makes yo(r feelbetter.
b Work in groups and compare answers.
3 Work in pairs. StudentA: read the article on this
page. Student B:turn to page 127 and read the
articte. Discuss the questions beLow
. Which topics from exercise 2a are mentioned?
. t l ^ r ' - . d . r ' F ' h o < r r - e - o n r r . r e l L e T
Listening and vocabulary
l ! ri i \l\ !,[l ]rt r 'l N,l \r '"i i'qrirl. .'i$r: r:l
1 A group of peopte were asked'Which
things in your life make you feeLgood and
which make you feeL bad?'Look at the
most frequent answers below.ls anything
important missing?
I ' rrnomeror Securrry
my IolbiEs
rnd int[rG$t$
at/ur,snzfo*e
ohas
being an employer,
not an emplgyee
l " r : : i r l t ' : I r r i , , 1 , i . i i r r . t r r l t l l
lffik/,[milfiluth|
spendingt imewithmyfamily ant i -socialbehaviour
having an active socialtife not havingtimeto relax
watching nry children grow up inteLLeciuat stimulation
. teachers . enFepreneurs
. young peopLe . athletes
Work in pairs and summarise the good and bad things about
each person's Life,givingas much detail asyou can.
Work in pairs and discuss.Which things in exercises 1 and 4a
do you think most affect the people betow?
. parents . etderty peopte
Rudeness is a big prob/em lor schoolteachers.
Young people worry about exam stress.
Make a list ofthethings in tife which makeyou feel good/
bad,work in groups and compareyour answ€rs,
poodrftrud^sktps
-' L r i i ; : l
, : : i : . , t l l , I i i ' , I . . . : . I . , , r , . : I .
having variety and
exciternent in l i fe
t - - t ^ { ( t A A n , /
exhaustion
exam stress paying taxes
laeing
lack of
money
Work in g.oups. Make tistswiththe ideas in
ex€rcise 1.
. things that make people feel good
. things that make people feel bad
. could be both
Decide ifthe phrases in exercise t have an
opposite.Add them to the list.
good friendships - lack of friends
criticism fron athers - supportfram athers
Look atthe three peopLe in the photos.Can you guess which
things in exercise 1 make them feel good and bad?
b 0 z.z Listen and checkyour answers.
Listen again.Which things in the box betow doe5 each person
mention?Are they good or bad things?
Task
Do a class survev
Preparation Listening
Look at the photos and questions
beLow. What can you see in each
photo and which question doyou
think it relates to?
W
\\h\Nil$W\HN\\\}hW\T,h$I
rirwrii[\H$Hu$$\H\\ww}\\
sS
\D]
2a Your teacher will give each student a question from
exercise'1. You are goingto carry out a class survey about
thistopic, First,think ofsome fottow-up qu€stions to ask.
> Usefut language b
b MingLe with the cLass and ask your questions. tf possibte,
interviewsix otherstudents. Make notes about what
Workalone or in pairs. Pr€pare to 5ummarise your findings
to the ctass, Th ink about the ideas below.
. any answers that came up more than once
. the strangest/most surprising answers you heard
. any funny stodes you heard that are worth repeating
> Useful languag€ c
Take turns to summarise yourfindingsto the ctass. Did
you aL[ have simitarfeetings or were there a wide variety
3a
2 6i 2.4 Listen to five people
answering one of the questions,
Which question does the speaker
answ€r? what reasons and examPtes
dotheygive?
Listen again and tick the phrases you
hear in the Useful language box.
Task Speaking
1 a You are going to conduct a survey and
taLkabout the questions in exercise 1.
Read the questions again and think of
at least one answer foreach.
b Think about howto exptain your
answers, Make notes, using the
prompts betow. Ask your teacher for
any words/phrases you need.
. Why do you feet like this? Are your
feeljngs |ational?
. Have you always fett this way?
. Have you had any experiences that
have made you feelthis way?
> Usefut language a
Find out first
1a What are the best labour-saving
devices and etectron ic gadgets that
b Work in pairs. Do the Consumer
technotogy quiz beLow
Consumer teclmology
1 What percentage of Indian householcls
own a television?
a approximately 25%
b appro{mately 50%
c approomately 75%
What percentage of US households don't
orl,n a television?
a approximately 10%
b approximately 5%
c appm).rmately 1%
How many motor vehicles are there
in the world today?
a around 100 million
b around one billon
c aromd ien billion
How many mobile phones are in use
in China?
a ten million
c over one billion
Co online to checkyour answe.s or
askyourteacher
Search: lndian/ l jS households TV
percentage / motof vehicles world /
mobi[e phones in lse China
View
2a You are going to watch a video about happiness. Lookat
the words and phrases betow from the video. Do they have
a positive (P) or negative (N) effect on happiness?
3
oruogery labour-saving devices
stafing at a screen atlday
b O watch the video and answerthe questions.
1 What does the science of happiness say about machines?
2 What have labour-saving devices faiLed to do?
3 What does technology push out of ouf lives?
4 What are the thfee ingredients of happiness?
Watch the video again and choose the correct answers
(both answers may be correct).
1 Technology promises to bring us drudgery /
new possibilities.
2 n a technologicalutopia, we would have more
fteetime / fun.
3 Compared to 50 yea|s ago, we now spend less / more
time on househoLd chores.
4 Because oftechnotogy, we now spend more tirre
alone / with other people.
5 On[ine con]munities make us rnore / less social in the
6 We now know the key to / a rccipe fot happiness.
Doyou egree with the recipe for happiness in the video?
What other 'ingred i€nts'do you think are important for a
happy Life?
4
I
IN THIS UNIT
Vocabulary
Look at the mishaps beLow and checkyou understand the words in
bold.Think of more examptes to add to the List.
' You toseyour keys and lockyourself out.
' YoL get stuck in traf f c and rniss an appointment.
. YoL sLip on sonre ice.
' You trip and fatt over.
. You get on the wrong train.
. You get confused and rnake a mistake.
. Youf car br€aks down,
. You bang your head.
. Yo! get lost.
. Yo! spiLL paint on your clothes.
. YoLr run out of petrol.
. You oversteep and miss your train.
. You drop somethlng valuable and break i t .
. You bofiow sornething wlthout asking and damage lt.
Work in pairs. Which of the th ings in exercise I has ha ppened to
you?Take turns to saywherc and when.
ffmsk
Tell a story from two points of view
Preparation Listening
Look at the pictur€s.They show an incident that
happen€d to Billand Frank after they had be€n to a
party. Match the words in the box to the pictures.
1 a
taugh your head off thick ice
sway allover the place
a steep hitL
Work in groups. Can you guess what happened
to BiLl and his friend? ls there aMhingyou don't
und€rstand from the pictures?
2 Work in groups.
croup A:6i 3,4 Listen to what Bitl totd his lawyer
after the incident.
croup B:6i1 3,1Listen to what the otd ladytotd the
police. listen as many times as necessaryto be sure
ofthe details. Make notes if necessary.
Task Speaking
2a
Practise re-tellingthe story with students from the
same grouP.
> Us€fut language a and b
Work in peirs,one person from GroupA and one
from G.oup B. Take turns to report what Bit[ and the
oLd lady said.
Make a list of diff€rences between the two stories
and any information that one person mentioned, but
the other didn't. Compare your tist with the ctass.
> Useful Language c
Work in pairs. Discuss the questions beLow
. Whose side ofthe story do you betieve?
' Were the potice right to arrest Bitl and his friend?
' What further action do you thinkthe poLice tookT
Vocabulary
ti.lrirurn unri puniilltnren I
1 work in pairs and have a race.ln two minutes, List a5
many crimes as possibLe.
autgtary, muroe, .. .
2a Read the questionnaire and check the meaningof
the words and phrases in bold.
b Work atone. Do the questionnaire.
3a work in groups and compare youranswers.
Cive reasons.
4a
Discuss the questions below.
. In which cases do you need to know more about
the circumstances to make your decision?
. Ln what circumstances should ajudge be very
Lenient/harsh?
Work in paks and write two more situations for the
qui:, with possible punishments.
b Work with another pair.Tak€ turn5 to discussyour
5ituations and possible punishments. ExPlain your
chotces,
Are you harsh or lenient?
Tick the punishment you think is most
appropriate for each crime.
1 A university student buys an essay online and submits
it as her own. The university recognises the essay as
plagiarism.
' She should receive a warning. !
. She should be expelled. tr
. She should be prosecuted for fraud. tr
. other (what?)
2 A l2-year-old girl consistently plays truant from
school. The parents say that the childwon't listen to
them and they are powerless to help.
. She shouldbe suspended. tr
. She should be erpelled. !
. Herparents should be prcsecuted. -
. other (what?)
3 A famity with eight children are living in a quiet street
They are very noisy and the neighbours complain of
anti-social behaviour. They are renting their house
. The family should be evicted. -
. The parents shol d be prosecuted. n
' The neighbours should learn lo cope. !
. olher (what?)
4 A 2o-year-oid man is arrested for
drink-drivi]lg after causing a minor
accident, It's the first time he has been arrested.
. He shonld be let off with a warning. !
. He should lose his licence. I
. He should be given 200 hours of community
seruce. !
A homeless man is afiested for begging in the city
centre. The iocat laws do not allow begging andhe has
been arrested several times for the same crime.
. He should be let off with a warning. !
. He should be prosecuted. -
. He should be fined. !
. other (what?)
A student is arrested for wriiing political graffiti on a
building.
' His parents shouldbe called. D
. He should have io pay for the damage. !
He should be prosecuted. !
other (what?)
A mother of two young children is charged with the
possession of illegal cbugs and found guilty.
. She should be sentenced to six months injail !
. She should be gwen a suspended sentence !
. Her children should be taken into care. f
. other (what?)
Vocabulary
F{endIines
1 Work in pairs. Read the newspaper headtines below
and explain each story inyour own words
1,T-I."I:*J*3:HJ
Eea\,']/ ra,in set to cause t
severe floodine! t
az-year-otd bra[!l[?erist 
ctrm'?
It lrEls call$ to tillilEn $alBty
Find words in the headtines which have the sam€
meaning as the words below.
1 suppofts backs
2 promises
3 is probabLy going to
4 the number of people who died
5 peopte's demands
whydoyou thinkthe words in the headLineswere
used instead?
3 Work in pairs and discussthe questions about
headlines in generat.
1 Which tense is often used to talk about the pa5t?
2 How do headlines usualty refer to the future?
3 Which ofthe grammaticalfeatures betow are
commonty missing from headLines?
. the verb be
. atticles la/anlthe)
. relative pronouns
. nouns ano noun pnrases
. auxiLiary verbs
Reading and listening
1 Work in pairs. Look at the newspaper headlines and
introductions on page 33. Make two guesses about
what is happening in each story.
i rArn] , rLe won-dn . . Le photo hd, won the roc lery.
2a Choose the best word to comptete the phrases betow.
Which articte doyou think each phrase comes from?
1 claim a pize / a competition
2 build a nucleat engine / rcactor
3 violate someone's fiappiness / privacy
4 access someone's emailaddress / account
5 reimburse a debt /perro,
6 gt thrcugh a wedding / divorce
7 split an atom / radiation
8 buy radioactive materials I stuff
9 pay aff a debt / bank account
b Read artides A{ quickly. were your predictions corect?
3a Read articlesA-C on page 33.Are statements 1-12
true (T) orfatse (F)?which lines in the articLes give
you the information?
1
*:1""T:.i :T"."*.r 61 f=J
Arnanda knew it was a winning ticket when she
found it.
The Staceys spent allthe money.
Dorothy had proof that it was herticket.
camelot think Dorothy shootd have been
more careful.
The minlmurn punishment is fiveyears in jai[.
Leon and C[ara were stiL iving together
Leon wasn't ClaG's first husband.
Most people under 25 read their partnels emails.
HandL totd the authorities what lie was doing.
He pubticised the fact he was doingthe experiments.
He doesn't have the nuclear materials anymore.
Fe plans lo do no-e experi 'Fenls in the fulure.
b work in pairs and check your answers.
4 work in pairs. Discuss the questions beLow.
. The three anicLes are atltrLre stories. Only one person
was not charged.Who do you think it was?
. what do you think happened to the other people?
5a t d 3.8 Listen to three news stories vt4rich explain what
happen€d in the end. check your answers to exercise 4
Listen again and make notes on any other
information you hear
6 work in groups. Discuss th€ questions below.
. Are you surprised by the outcome in any ofthese
case5?
- . Do you thinkthe outcome of each case was fair?
Why/Why not?
. Do you know of any recent [ega[ cases that had a
controve|5ialoutcome?What happened?
2a
B
7
8
10
1 1
1 2
CouDle lost in maze call 999
Death toLtcLimbsin air crash
Speaking
Dealing with unexpected problems
1a (J l.g Listen to three short conv€rsation5.
There is an unexpected probtem in each.
Answer the questions,
1 Wl_ere doe( the conversatior take pla(e'
2 What is the probtem?
Listen again and completethe extracts below.
Conversation 1
1 l_ bu t l coL r ldn ' t buya t i cke t .
2 C a n l _ a _ ? W h y _ t b u y a
ticket now?
3 Look, this is _ ! I'm not a criminal.
Conversation 2
4 Look, there's been a_. We didn't
that you wanted to be paid.
5 | don't think
3a
us at the start,
6 No, you _ _.We really aren'tyour
cuStome15,
Conversation 3
7 What do you _you've given it to someone
. You shoutd have told
It's not
I
Perhaps | _ to to the manager
Read the situations beLowWhat might you say in
each situation? Use the phrases in boLd in exercise 1b.
' You park your car and go shopplng.When you
come back, a traffic warden is writingyou a ticket.
You have overstayed the 3o-minute limit.
. You buy some food in a shop but when yo! get
outside,you reatise that the shopkeeper gave you
too little change. She refuses to give you the rest.
. You arrive at a hotelwhere you made a reservation
for two nights.They have ro record ofyour
reservation and the hotelis fuLf.
. You take a taxi.When you arrive, you realise that
tFe ta, rreter s1r \aork ng. /oL t l- inl r1e ta' i
driver is asking too much.
. You take your computer to a fepair shop.When
you pick it up, the man says he has spent two days
trying to repair your computer, but it stiLl doesn't
work. He gives you a biLt for€120.
Work in pairs. Choose a situation and prepare a
conversation,Try to use the phrases in exercise 1b.
we couldn't f ind a parking
that, but this is very unfair.
Work in pairs and discuss. Howwouldyou deatwith
each situation if it happened in yourcountry?
, 6i a.,o,,.,"n,o*nu,"nrenc€ below eid in two
different ways. How does the sp€aker 5ound each time:
.alm or angry/annoyed?
I ufderstand that but I coutdn't bly a ticket.
z" 6] :.tt tisten to,"nt"n.es l-9 from exercise lt.
How does the speaker sound in €ach sentence?
b Practi* saying the *ntences.
lwauld pay the fine and make a
camptatnt tater c Act out the conversation for the ctass.
hove you got?
Whot is the m ssing number in
ihis sequence?
9 6 9 5 9 2 8 7 ( ) 7 1
Turn to poge 126 ond sludy
the things to buy/do in town'
llst for one rn nute. Then close
your book ond wlle down o I
the th ngs you con
temembeT
How mony sides does
th s igure hove?
You ore look ng ofier
some chldren for the doy
One illle g r, Anno, comes to
you cry ng becouse lhe others
won'i p oy with her Whol do
you do?
o Tell the other chidren off for
be ng meon
b Te lAnno lo sod t out hersef.
c Glve Anno o biscu l lo moke
her feel better
d Te lthe children they con ol l
hove o biscult f they promlse
to ploy wth Anno.
e otherl
5
62
3
4
Wrife down os mony possibe
uses lor o newspoper os you
con in two minutes.
You hove o woll o gooi ond
o cobboge wh ch ol l hove to
be token ocross o rlvef. Vou
hove o smql fow ng booi
in wh ch you con only toke
one thing with you ot o t ime.
Howevet i f the wof ond goot
ore eft o one, the wolf will eot
the goot. And f ihe goot ond
gool w leol the cobboge.
How con you get ocross ihe
rver wllh the h^/o on mols ond
ihe cobboge?
How creotve do you think
you ore?
o veTy creolNe
b creolve
c ovefogery creolve
d oboui os creotive os
q pototo
7
Reading and speaking
1a Work in pairs and discuss.what do you understand
by the phrase'nature or nurture'?
Do sentences 1-4 betow supportthe theory of
nature or the theory of nurture?
1 Everythlng comes frorn our genes.
2 The roots of personatity are jn our upbringlng.
3 We can t change who w€ are.
4 Our environment inftu€nces our personatity.
Read the artic[e.Which paragraphs do the pictures
iLtustrate?
work in pairs and discuss.what did you learn about
the things/peopte in the pictures?
Work in pahs. Checkyou understand the words in
bold in the questions belowThen read the articLe
again and answer the questions.
1 According to Hippocrates, what personatity traits
were bite and btood fesponslble for?
2 How tong did the theory of the'four humo15' last?
3 r 'r ' | ' r do yor rh 1\ people Lo,l(Ll edoh-erolog<l(
aboutjob applicants and marrlage partners?
4 ExpLaln in your own words what'we are al l born as
blank sLat€s'n eans. How does this relate to the
quote from Skinner?
5 What is the connectlon between crimlnals who
were executed ln anclent China and chlldren in the
LIK who pLay truant?
6 How does the Stanford Pf son experlmeni support
l L " 1 r r l J - e r h e o l ? f r d o ) o - \ l t t f a s
become ' infamous'?
7 Accordlng to nurture theory, should identicaL
twins who grow up apart be simitar?Why/Why
not? what happens in pract lce?
4 Work in groups and discuss the questions.
. We blam€ our parents for our weaknesses but we
don't thank thern for our strengths. Do you agree?
. How woutd you describe your personaLlty in terms
of the'big f lve'personallty traits in the art icle?
. What has most nfluenced your personality?
I 6i +.: rirt"n to tt'" *ords betow and ma*the stress.
whi.h took simitar in yolr language but hav€ a different
pronunciation? Listen again and practke.
M/hat shapes ou
pcil-sonality
ls it lhe result of nature - what we
are born with - or nurture - what we
experience? We search tor the answer.
i i i i i t i i i l t r l , i i ! , , j t . i t i i , t : r f ' . 
_ i , f r , i i r t t r ' i r , l
1 Two and a harthousand years ago, the ancient
Greeks beleved thai your persona ly
was ths resuli of difierent fluids,
or 'humo.s ' , in yo l r body, lke
3
b ood, phlegm and bile.
Accord ng lo Hippoclates,
blood made you brave
wlh mental illnesses wefe
head, and so byfeeling someone's
head, they could discover the
shape of the r brain and ihereiore
their personaliiy - includlng,lor
example, how rkely someone was
to commit murden Ai the height
oi its popular ly, phrenoogists
we€ consulted about possible
maniage partn€rs of io give
a background check on job
sometimes lreated wltlr eeches
in order io restore the balance of
their hlmors. lt was only n tlre 1glh
centuryihai scient sts began to doubtihe
theory ol humors, although patients may have noticed
much earlerthatihey weren't gehing any betterl
By the late 191h century, personaliiy had been correcily
' " " o r o F o r a r . T f i s w a s a b g a o v a , e . b . L s o r e
people took tioo lar and phrenoogy eme€ed
as a new scence'. PhrenoLogists believed
thaiihe brain atfected the shape ofthe d,
appicants. Job interv€ws riust have
been interest ng n lhose daysl
More €cently, scienlisis have looked toour
genes as the solrce oi personaliy. Whie ther€
scerranly a link, it s iar rrom smple. Fora start,
a sing e gene might be involved in many d fiefeni
aspects of our personality - and we have around
25,000 genes in our body. And when even a
smpleth ing ikethecolour o iyoursk in !s the
r€sult of more than 100 d fierenl genes, imagine
how many are nvo ved in a character traii lke
being open, extrovert, agreeable, consc eni ous
or ne!rctic the big five' tra ts that psychologisis
nowadq,s use to descdbe hunran peGonaliy).
Language focus 2
i l i t , : i ) , i ' , . I j , l i r l i , r , , , , i l i l , i : ' . t , , . i t , , ' t ' , . , r , t t r
1 Read the text'The future of your mind.'Then work in
pairs and say which ideas you thinkwit lcome true
2 Work in pairs. Discuss the questions below.
. l f your mind cou[d be manipulated as suggested in
the art cte, what skjllwouLd you download f rst?
. What idea would you plant, and in whose m nd?
. Whose memofles woLld you buy? why?
PRACTICE
'l LJse the prompts to write sentences abouteach picture,
1 read/palm
She's having her paln read.
5 dye/hair 6 paint/nai ls
2 Work in pairs and discuss the questions.
. which things ln the pictures do/don'tyou do yourself?
. Do you or have you ever had anything l ike this
done at the opt ic lan's, beaut ic ian s, etc.?
I sonretimes dye my hair m),seli, b!t I never.ut my
2 read/horoscope
Look at the examples and answerthe questions.
The chaGctets record thet erperiences.
Ihe characters have bad nenoies erased.
1 who recordsthe memori€s in the lirst sentence?
2 who erases them in the secord sentence?
Find two other examptes in the articl€ withrave +
sometl,ing + past participle and answerthe questions
I What is thetense in each exampLe?
2 How isth s constructio. lsed in other teises?
Lookat the example below, Notice thatwe can also
use get instead of rave in this construction. ll is more
informatthan have butthe meaning isthe sam€. Find
an exampLe whhger + someti,rg + Past Participle in
we'li,et au bad nemaries ercsed.
I Read study 2, pag€ 141
4 take/blood pressure
6 paint/nai ls
Mm$m
Choose people to go on a space mission
fo[owing the sucess ofth€ Mau
500 mision, the Iniemational
space Asency (IsA) has decjded
to carrY out a nore extended
simulat€d space mission.
'Mhsion 2050 witLsend sden
votnnteers to tive for ten yea6
at an islated, top-ssEt desert
to6tion, known as'Ndaierra'.
Volunteeu cannot leave the
mission unLess they are dticly
ilt. ltey can onty contacttheir
faniUes and friends everythrce
Ite clinate and habiiat of
'Novatenn wilL be adapted io
reflect whatis knoM about lials
and the njssjon witl be cLosety
monito.€d by scientisE, doctoE
and psychotogists res€Ehing how
to set up rcalspace cotonis in the
tuture.lt witt be prcmoted as an
inportamsymbotof internationaL
Preparation $i.cuding
1a Read the articte about Mission 2O5O and summarise
the main information.
b Work in pairs and discuss.What charaderistics do
you think wilL be most usefuI in Novaterra?
You have been accepted for Mission 20501You have
be€n asked who shoutd go with you.
. Read about the other nine sholtIisted candidates.
. Circle the factoE that you think make them
suitable and underl ine the factors that do not.
(Unless stated above, atl candidates are free of
famity ties, speak English and are heatthy. )
Decide which candidatesyou wouLd and would not
like to spend the next ten years with.
,,,,....... .,
l ' ' . . 1
. protu$orofenqinee ng
. sjfted mWjchn and singr
. fi jendly, butver! inteltedual and'bookish'
s€ction of nationatities, Ees
. study how p€ople ofdiff€rent
sercs, aget react under tnese
. study the needs and behaviour
of any chiLdren bom intothere
. ind outthe mostimportant
chalacteristi6 that ntture space
the IsA will provid€ tood capsules
fortnrce yea6, bur the votunte€6
rhouLd become setf-sufficient after
this. water emergeicy;edrcat
supptier blankets and basic
shetter witl aLso be prcvided. rhe
rctunteeE wilL atteid a co|1|5e
@Ering suruival skitts, agdcltt!.e
and nEt ajd, but pEcticat shtLs
that vohntets Gn bring wil ot
2a
,;;l i 
--..
. . \ r '' - . . . 1 . 1 :
- - t - .
\ l
. cald and setf{dncientand good
. tends to beintrolert and uncomnunicative
. beadticiai m ied toat (beLow)
. sociable and welL-meaning butvery
. can be needyand aitention{eehng
i verY extrovert and humorous
. ver!indivjdua[stic can be rebelLious
. five years in !Sarmy, nowa buitder
. marrjed tosabhna (above)
. strong physicalty, but has puton a tot of
t . dk.ipLined in a,m!foraSgressive
. fornerbaLtroom dancing champjon
, friendtywith vsygood people skitls
. ha5 suffered iiom depressjon
Find out first
1a Work in pairs. Read the information
below abouttt he differences between
males and femates and tryto gless
the correct answers,
rrrrrrr--rri
I Men versus Women
I Various scientific studies over the last
I two decades have proved that there 
are I
differences between boys and girls at
school in terms ofhow good they are 
at
certain skills (aithough we don't know
the reasons for those di{ferences). For
example, r6oys / girls tend to be better
at spatial skills, for example rotating 
an obiect in their mind, whlle'boys I 
girls are bette! at judging what people 
are
View
2a You are going to watch a video about why boys and girLs
Like different toys. What gender-stereotyped toys do you
think the videowitt mention?
b O watch the video. Then work in pairs and answer
the questions.
What does the experiment with to(dlets prove?
what does the experiment w;th monleys prove?
Why might males be attraded to vehictes ljke
helicopters and cars?
What does the presenter conclude abouttt he
nature-nurtuteee d bate?
Watch thevid€o again and tick the three sentences that
are true, Correct th€ false sentences.
Before'15 months, boys and girls don't show a preference
for particutar toys.
The first experiment with toddlers is designed to test the
nature argument.
The volunteers are tricked into beUeving the toddlers are
the opposite sex.
The first experiment shows that nurture is probabt
important.
The second experiment isnew and surprising.
Dr Hines chose monkeys because she coutdn't find the
right kind of chitdren.
Dr Hines found that both mate and female monkeys
were more likely to ptay with ca6, trucks and so on.
The cLassiccc s ientifc view is stil[supported by recent
research.
I
I
t
I
t
T
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
T
I
T
I
T
I
I
I
3
1
I feeling. Vhen boys and girls grow up,
I we frnd, that 
3nen / utomen tend to make
more money over the long telms when
they invest in the stock market.
We a.lso turd that amen I uomen are
more likely to have an accident while
driving, despite being more able to see
detail at a distance.
I
l
I
I
I
L-------r---J
b Go ontineto check your answers or
ask your teacher.
Searchr boys veBus girls spatialskills /
judging feelings / men versus women
stock market / drivinS accidents
Work in pairs.Wereyou surprised bythe outcome ofthe
experim€nt?Whaaat re your views on the naturc-nurture
debate in terms ofchildren and toys?
4 '
'iilliilliitffil)
riifrlilf|wiltil',
Vocabulary
i"i i .r l l . i i l t tr L t lr l 'L.t r ' i i . , t
'l 
Which of the peopLe in A teke part in the events in B?
Delegates and speakers attend conferences.
acqua ntances
busine5s associates
cIients
ex-cLassrnates
friends
guests
poIit icalteaders
speakers
reEt ves
a btind date
a business meeting
a ceteDralon meat
i dating website
a o nner pafty
a family get together
ar online forum
a housewarmrng party
a schooIreunion
a summit
peopte looking for a partner a conference ca[[
strangers a socialnetworking site
2 Match the v€rbs below to the ways of meeting in exercise 1.
. have a business meefing... . attend
. make . use
! go on
3a Choose three ways of meeting from exercise I that you have
experienced recentLy.l4ake notes on the topics below.
' when and where it was h-"ld
. who was thefe
. whetheryou enjoyed it
b Work in groups. Take turns to briefty describe each event, but
don't say what it was. The other students must guess.
Reading and speaking
work in groups and discuss the quest ions beLow.
. How important are these th ngs in your interact lon
wth other people:
your pnone
soclal networking si tes
other forms of onI ne cornraun]cat ion?
. n what ways do you use them?
' Have these things jmproved your sociat l l fe? Why/
Why not?
Read the introduction to the articLe. Pfedict what the
wri ter wi l [ say about the quest ions in exercise ] .
3a Read the articLe and check your answers.
work in pairs and summarise how communicat ion
media affects the topic betow.
' the a!thor 's aai ly foul ine
' sociaIevents l ]ke dinner part les and gigs
' hls retat onships wlth hls fr lends and gi f l f r iend
Find the words or sentences in the articte thattel[
you the things beLow.
1 
- l ' p a r 
o . o ^ d r ' o ( F t o h < p f o r e d l d t . p L o p .
(para. rJ
My phone and laptop are within conslant
touching distance.
2 He receiv€s news frorn h s fr iends on[]ne
throughoLi the day. (para. 2)
3 - l e " " c . l o L . e l - " 
. r o - o r , " a * . ( p a - r . 2 )
4 He is not the only person who feels lonely in this
way. (pafa.3)
5 His phone ls not helping h s relat onship wlth h s
fr iends. (para.3)
6 t 's not easy for his gir t f r lend to get hls attent lon.
(para.4)
7 He talks to fr ends onl lne when he should be
working. (para.5)
8 Hls fr lend i d not concentrate fLr l ly when he was
watchlng Rihanna play. (para.6)
9 He and hls fr iends can' t glve up soc aIrnedla.
( p a r a . 7 J
work in groups. Read the facts at the end of the
articte and discuss the questions.
' Do you know anyone who is I ke the al thor of the
article?
' Do you recognlse any of the things he describes in
your own l i ie?
' W h at a d v i c e w o u l d y o u g v e t o t h e a u t h o f a n d
people t ike hlm?
. Do you thlnk soc at networking makes peopte feel
anxlous and inadeqLrate?
' D o r o ' I r l , o ' 8 P " o P l " l o d a , r r " o r e l e l l o
they were n the past? Why/Why not?
'We may have 750 frien
He spends his life emailing, texting
and tweeting. So why does Andy
Jones feel so isolated?
1 Whatever l'rn do ng wherever I am, r'l i€ll you aboli t.
\,4/ p' on€ a d rl 'aptop c'e {i]a- corsld-' 'ou hi q
dl ic-ce whethe. In e" i .g . d.n( ng . I e !ho{e d,d
gig orwalching lhe foolbal. Beforc | qet up every mom ng,
lcheck my ernai, rny texts and my Twiner feed. By the I me
l 've got outof r l re shower ts t i rnerodo tagaln.
2 lhav€ a constanl drp"drip oi nformation lrom any oi ihe
750 online frends and iollowers thal lassociale wth.Yet
lhave neverfeLl oneler. How does a 28-yearold rnan gei
llke this? lam a ralional proiessiona man wth a beauliiul
girliriend and long-slanding nrates.
lam nol a lone in lee ng l ike an isand. In a rccenl survey
oiyoung people,60 perceft said they found il dfUcull lo
make lriends in rcal fe compared with on ne. Im way
beyond being an awkward teen, bul I am w red !p mosl
oi llre day, as are rnost ot rny iriends. I go 1o pan es pubs
and dinners, but lam ihere ony in spirit. Far irorn bfnging
me closerlo people, my phone drives rneiurtheraway.
lcan tellyou how many fo owers lhave on Twitter, bul
cannoi rememberihe asiiime lsaw my housernatesirom
Socalnelworking and lhe internet has rnade me need
to scrolthrolgh somelh ng constanl y. l'll be due at the
pub at 9 p.m.At 8 50 p.m. L ' l ls i l be s t l ng on nry bed
thrmbing onljne.Then i's 9:30, ihen il's closing time and
l'm sijllin rny llai Aone in ihe dark, ldownload albums,
then anolher, blrl barely lsten to lhemilhe ihr is Looking
for lhings io sten io ralher than lhe lisl€ning. When my
long suifer ng girlJriend comes roufd she has io prise me
irom my phone or lhe lnternet.The momenl she's gone,
my mind wanls the hyperaclivity thai the nternel and
socal neiworkingpfovide.
Listening and vocabulary
,,.,f l i I lr ,r i tr , t \ i : i i t j r l
1a Work in pairs and discuss the questions.
. How popu[ar ar€ online dating websites in yoLrr
country?
. Do you think peopte who use them are always
honest about thernselves?
b Look at the online dating profite below. Can you
guess which information is a lie or an exaggeration?
Blinddntr
flrsuh Pln'tct'. 2(r. libralian.
rnects \rcb desieler,Josh Franlis. J8
Ursula on Josh
About me: lL_ ard vely -na1. \ot r lo qL et r qfrs
rn, and never borlng lv ly PA ca ls me a'party animal ' .
Fond ol hanging ol t with nry mates - some of them
are ce ebrUes. Keen on skyd ving and paragl idlng.
Looking tor: A pariner ln,cr ime to join me on an
advent!re. 14ust be 20 25 years old, tal l , b londe,
chi ed out and ready !o fa ln ovel
Z 0 | 5.2 Listen to some information about ont ine
dat ing and answerthe quest ions.
1 What do men and women tend to l ie about in thei f
profite?
2 What are the ctues that a prof i [e is not acc!rate?
3 What are the arguments ln favour of ty ing?
3 Listen again and compLete the idioms in botd below.
Can you guess their meaning?
The men hope, presurnably, that women wi l l fa l t
hopeLessty in _with them on the f i rst date.. .
So i fyou want to knowwhether a prof i [e thatyo!
are reading ls mostly lies, keep an out fo.
thfee things.
These can be a slgn that soraeone ls being
with the truth.
Age: 27
Height: 175 cm
Body shape: athlet ic
Job: f i l rn director
Hapes before the date?
Johnny Depp or Colin Farrel l . l le's neither of
First impressians?
p e L ! , L 5 ' e d o J t a . d - - e t e " t i 1 g , t w d - l o p - g
he'd be wedring a sui t , bl l t he wasn't , His ol l i t
Remind you of anyone?
N,ly fathen
Conversatian tapics?
Our educat ion, career goals/ favouri te f i lms,
blah, blah, blah. Slandard f i rst date
conveTsat ions.
Awkward moments?
There was a very embarrasslng incldent when
a bi t of the obster he was eat ing anded on my
Similar i t ies between you?
Neither of us are motivated by money.
I thlnk that 's a good thlng.
Marks out of ten?
l ' be generols and give hrm a six,
Anather meeting?
Probabiy not.
Language focus 2
l,tr : l i , l r : : : i I i t i t I I i i r i 1 r ] i : r i r i r i i . i i i i ) r f l ) i1 j l
Work in pairs. Read the artic{e about Ursula and
Josh's btind date and discuss. What does the articte
describe? what does UrsuLa think ofJosh?
0 | 5.3losh is being interviewed about his opinion
ofthe date. Listen and make notes on his answers.
Who is kinder and who is cruet(er about the other,
lJrsuLa orJosh?
b Listen again and write the questions that the
journaList asked.
Cauld you tell ne what yoLl were loaking far?
Most onl ine daters know that theyhave to take
what they read with a pinch of
Tell lng l i t t te _ l ies onlne can
2a
posit ive benef i t .
6 t's best not to stretch the _
4 Work in pairs and discuss the questions.
. What are the advaniages and disadvartages of
ont ine dat ing websites?
. Has anyone you know ever lsed one? What were
hls/her experiences?
i.
**N*\.\lW;tltiiiW*N,**tt
Plan a fantasy dinner party
sldlr,=,6u Kla
z.AN\
PbP
, l
/ d
t $
Preparation t, iliil.$] uti rliil
I You are goingto pLan a fantasy dinner
party with two oth€r students. Read th6
information. Which aspects of pLanning do
you thinkwitt be most difficutt?
Z 0 l' 5.6 Listen to six peopte talking about
who they woutd invite to dinner. For each
suggested guest, make notes on the topics
beLow.
. reasors for invit ing him/her
. suitable subjects of conversation
. questlons to ask orthings to say
3a Listen again and tick the phrases in section a
ofthe Usefultanguage box that you hear.
b Whose suggestion doyou Like best?
$
I
I
are sF.nS raqlo aql oqi .
req/urq alr^ul 01lueM no,{,(tlM .
5l lua^a eql leqi Pue are no^ oqM '
'r\olaq srldol aqlepnl)ui uollpll^u Lo j€l]31 e al!r/v\
pup sFonS rued rauulP ̂seuPrrno^,o auo asooql
'" olya! 1s 013)llp, {lleuosrad
" ,o D€fqns.Ltl plo^P/arnPo4tl plnoLls ar'L\ )lurrll l
''' foqe !o6snr5rp
3u 1s.r€lut tu3^ e a^eq ̂lqeqord ll$ puE
''' qlLNlls^\ uo 1e31IM " :iurq10,uoP)
, 
- 311^utorBuroB (rou)ir €M l€rt1.ar;P Ie.M oC
'- alhutol psp pooB e s,l )rLqr (],uop)r
ruau.ar;e tulqteat q
'' 1noqe qrn]1awlno 
Pu, o13u zeue 3q Plnoa ll
" 3qs ̂qa/lnoqP quLql eqsr€q!\raq lse oli^olP,!
_ lnoqe raq )isP Plnotr
_ 1lroq€ !.rrq olllel2se P,
'" leau or p.rueM s^e^ le.^ |
'au 
P4e!DsPls^EMl€s,lPql.uo3trlost,ll
'" sr lull ussoqr a^, uos€3r .rl1
suolrs.t3ns rno^ ;u!u!eFx! e
Su111.r6X dn ry1611e1
2puatle ot a)ll lsou.] no{ Plnol^ ̂!ed louurP osoqy' .
Zuor$aBBns
leurBlro pue 3uLlsaratut lsour .ql ePPur oqi .
2dno-r8 auo ueql a:ouu {q uesoqr slsenB,(uP aray' .
'^ olaq suollsenb oqtssn)slo q
'supld Bupeos pup stsll lsanB rno^ u leldxa
ol surnt a)el sdnor8 reqlo uror] sraPnts qtu!\ l]olv\ e€
q PuP e o8PnBuel lnlasn <
'slsen8 rno,()se ol lue,v\ no^ teqlsuo!$3nb
pue'P!o P olls3q are leql oldol 's:!dol uollela,ruor
pooS,o Fll p eleN upld Bullees P uo ePlrac q
'lslt lsen8 e uo earBe ol.&l puP
suolFaSSnsrno^ aredLuol aarqtJo sdnolS u!)loi eZ
e.SPnBuPt Inlosn <
'Paau no^
sassqd/spro,{ ^ue ro} raq)eal rnox lsv suo!}sa88ns
rnol( /qtlsnl pue uteldx€ ol r{oq lnoqe )u!ql q
'z 6s!rr3xa u! slldol
aL{luo salou a)el a)ualaleld }o iaPlo uluaql$d
'1sa88ns ol qsen8 a^!j ro lutql ^llenP!^lPul )rolt eL
SupXeod5 1se1
7
I ?;
Speaking Writing
I Dealing with problems on the telephone Types of message
Work in groups. Discuss the questions below. la
' Do you enjoy chatting on the phone or do you
prefer to keep your caLls short and to the point?
. Haveyou ever got annoyed or frustrated when
making a phone call? Why?
Look at messages A-E on page 55 and match them
to descriptions 1-5 below.
1 an ernail giving details of travel arrangements fora
business trip
a note to a famity mernber or flatmate
a note pushed under someone'sdoor
an informal email to a friend
a text message to a friend '
Put messages A-E in the orderthat they were sent.
1 8 . . . 5 D
c Comptete messages A-E with the phrases in the box.
2 hd 5.7 Listen tothr€e t€Lephone conversations.
Answeathe questions below for each conversation.
1 Who is speaking to who?
2 What probtem occufs?
3 How does the conversationnn e d?
3a Listen again and complete the sentences.
Thanks for _ back to me.
l _ a m e s s a g e _ .
Could you speak_ a bit, ptease? Your voice is
Sorry, you're _ up.
Cal l just_your nane ard pledse?
l ' l l have to _you to another
department.
l f you' l t just _with me...
I t 's _youf ft ights to lstanbulnext week.
Am l -a ta bad t ime?
b e a time to ca[[?
b Look at audio script 5.7 on page 172 and underline
other useful phrases for t€lephoning
c r0 0r 5.8 Listen tothe sentences inexercise 3a and
pradise saying them.
4 Work in pairs. Turn to page 129 and use the prcmpts
to prepare and practise aconversation,
1
4
5
7
I
10
By the way,
We re both realLydetighted foryou!l
Hopeyou had a good day atwork
l'll be out of the officetomorfow (Fri)
Please be more consideraie infutur€
Can't wait to see u bothl
Can you let m€ know ifthese flights suit ASAP?
Bestwishes,
2 Read messages A-E again. Find at Least one example
of the features betow Which message isformal?
1 words being missed out to make the message
shor|er
2 capital letters and excLamation marl6 for extra
emphasis
3 simplif ied' incorred' spett ings
4 use of abbreviations
'&l
IN THIS UNIT
Whatinventions ftave had the greatest impact on th€
uray we live? Most people woutd mention the wh€et,
the printing press, the intemet. and so on. But pause for
a momentafld consider the foltowinq five contendeF.
lh€y shape our lives in wa!'s you may never have thought of!
Standard time
0(, so time has atways existed, but'standard tjme'hasn't.Imagine theworLd ioday,
ifourctocks weren't synchronised.In the 18th and 19th centuries, towns around th{
world used iheirown Locattime, which was difturentfrom town to town. This meant
that a inin couLd arrivein one town before ir had officiatLy teftihe previous on€!In
England, forexampte, itwasn't untit 1880 that a taw was passed creatjrg a'ttandar
time" forthewhote country. Time zones acrossthe wortd were oniy siandardis€d atl
beginning ofthe 20th centuryr_. The Last co!niryt0 adoptinternati(
time zoneswas Nepal, in 1986.
xunnrng water
Around 4000 years ago on the GreekisLand of Crete, a paLace was buiLt wjth hot ard
cotd runnjng wat€rthatftowed fron taps nade ofsitverand gotd. The palace aLso
housed thefirst known flushinq toitet. As recentty as the earLy 2oth ceniury, howeve
most housesin [urope didn't have theirown tojLetor runnjng wateL One ortwo tojL(
would be sharcd by a whote street, and water came from a coftmunat pump. Disease
and poorpeBonat hygjeneoere commoi. These days, we feeL it is only naturalro tat
s h o w e r s , f t u s h o u r t o j t e t s a n d w a t e r o u r g a r d € n s . W h i L € z , i t h a s a t s o
caused its own probtems, with even the U K frequentty findjng itselfin dangerofrunr
The tight butb
When the electdc iight bubnrst appeared in the 19th century, itcame wjth a warnir
sjgn to be p{aced on thewatt nextto the buLb: "Do not attempt to tiqhtwjih a maich
Now, perhaps morethan anyorherobjectin our tives, vve take itfor ganted. Light br
ittumjnat€ our cihes and roads at night, r_ and they enabte usto do m
nore wi th ou_ hee t ime. lmagine your evenings wirhourercctac l igr - ,1
Reading and speaking
la Work in pai15 and discuss.What do you think have been the most
important five inventions ofthe last 200 years?
b Look at the photos and the headings in the articie above.What
impact do you think each invent ion has had?
Read the articLe and checkyour answers.Work in pairs and answer
the quest ions about each invent ion.
1 When vvas it invented?
2 What problem did t sotv-"?
Europeons lrove lo theAmericos
inveniion ol lhe wheel invenlion ol lhe
pri f l ing press
Discoverylhol lhe
Eorlh rololes round
Bui ldlng ol roiwoys
ond sTeom ships
invenlion of intenol
c0mbusl0n engine
Listening
inxF(rr*;xyit d6te$
How do you say the dates in the box?
What approximate dates do the othertime
expressions refer to?
Language focus 1
Pertect tonsF-s
1a Work in pairs. CompLete sentences 1-5 with an appropriate
date or time phrase from exercise 1 above. Usethe timetine
to hetP you.
1 By-, people ln ancient M esopotam ia ,rad /
have / will have lnvenrca the wheetbut they,adr't /
haven't / won't have learnt how to write.
2 By .............- , Europeans had / have / will have
discovered how the solar system works, but they radr't /
haven't /won'thave ar i\,ec in AJsrra. a
3 By -, the steam engine, railways and even
the first combustion engine had / have / wil[ have been
invented, but scientists stlllhadn't / heven't / won'thave
discovered that bacteria causes diseasesl
4 Today, at , \\e had / have / will have landed
on the moon and invented the internet, butwe stitlhadr? /
haven't / won'thave faund a cure forthe common cotdl
5 Scientists believe that within _, we radl
have / willhave sent a manned mission to Mars and found
a cure for many serious illnesses, but we probablyradr?/
haven't / won't have learnt how to controlthe weather.
b Choose the correct v€rb forms in sentences 1-5.
5000 Bc
3200 BC
I600
1850
the 1860s
2050
the 7th century AD
the 17th century
the mid 16th century
the tate 18th century
the next decade or so
within 30yea|s
the beginning of the
21st cent'rry
3a
Work in pairs. Look at the timeline of
human achievements, pastand future, Say
approximately when each happened/witl
happen, using the phrases in exercise 1.
The inrcntian af the wheel happened in
about 95AA BC
Look at the past and futurc achievements
belowTry to match them to boxes a-f on
the timeline.
1 the discovery that bacteria cause diseases
2 a cure for the comrnon cold
3 the invention of writ ing
4 human control of extreme weather events,
like hurricanes
5 the first manned missior to Mars
6 the arrivaI of Europears in Australia
b 6i 6.t Listen and check you r answers.
Listen again and make notes about what
elseyou Learnt.Work in pairs and compare
4
1 Find an exampLe in ex€rcke 1b ofthe Past perfect, the Present
perfectand the Future perfect. How is each tenseformed?
2 look at the timetine and the sentences in exercise 1b. Choose
the corect answers inthe rutes belowand find an exdmpLeof
1 We lse the Past perfectto describe eventi re&/e /rta
particulartinre in the past-
2 We usethe Present perfect to describe events 'belo/e rlow /
atthe present noment.
3 We use the Future pe ect to describe events retore / at a
particular time in the fuiure.
I Read study 1, page 1,16
:.::"
. ,.:::t,
. . t (r resent an roea Tor
a TV programme
Preparation
1 Read the advert about aTV series that is
being planned. summarise in your own words
what the concept is.
2a work in groups. Match the achievement\
betowto the suggested categories on the
1 the invent on of the micfochiP
2 the buitding of the py|amlds
3 the leadershiP of Mahatma Candhi
4 the story of Scott of the Artarctic
5 the novels ofTolstoy
6 rhe cdree o DFI;
7 the muslc of Bob Dylan
a the f i tns of Steven Spietbe€
9 the Theory of Evoution
10 the r iSht to vote ior women
:::l:tii 4 :!
I it ii lri;:l:illii:iit, iiii'tt:i
ZooTq one the country! leading Tv prcduction
companres, $ making a new series ofshort
programmes called f,'r e Top 50 human achievemenls
Membels of the public are ifllrted to nominate topics
ior lhe progmmmes by submilting a tlEee_minute
video presentation, maLing the case for their choice
The Tv company will select the best 50 nominations
and use each presentation as ihe basis Ior a ten-
minute film. Tile films will be shown every
weekday el€ninq for ten weeks aIld at
the end, the public will vote for their
favou te human achievement.
3a
Think ofother exampLe5 forthe categories
on the website.Then compare lists with
the class.
fis.l Listen to five peopte presenting an
idea forthe programme and make notes
about the points betow.
. tne sLrDJect
. the category of achievement
. the arguments n ravouf
Listen again and tickthe phrases from the
Useful tanguage box you hear
Work in groups and discuss the questions.
' Do yolr agree wlth what the sPeakers say?
Can you add any more arguments to the
ones they give?
. Which achieverrents do you f ind most
amazing?
Visit our website for more
in{ormation and grddelines.
') :t)tt !tui/t,!i titt r!:jititri! tlat i :
Task r
I You are going to present a nomination forthery
programme. First choose a topic, bearing the foltowing
in mind.
. The topic sho!ld interest and lnsplre you, but shoutd also
appeatto yoLrf classmates, who w]l l vote at the end for
their favour te achievement.
. fyou cannot thlnk of anything,yo! can choose a top c
already mentioned n thls unit.
2 lrepare whatyou wilL say.lf possible, research facts ontine.
Make notes about the points betowAsk your teacher for any
words/phrases you need,
. the background to thls achlevernent
. what happened
. the inf luence/impact i t has haa
' why yolr flnd it nterest ng/arnazlng
> Uselut language a-c
4
Language focus 2
More about the Fresent rrerfect
sinrple and continuous
completethe wortd records in the fact file
with the phrases in the box.
did it in nine minutes
was carrying300 kilos atthe time
b Turn to page 128 and check your answers.
Which record doyou think isthe most
impressive/dangero!s/ridiculous?
2 Look at pictures 1-5 on the ght of more
people who ar€ attempting or hotd unusual
worLd records.choose the sentence which
best describes each picture.
1 a 'la He's landed successfully and broken the world
record for base jumping.
b le's beer land nB success'rl{y and breal:ng the
world record for basejumping.
UNUSUAL WOBLD
',Dtn 
zooo, ngris Kazelniks ran 20 metres in
1 1.40 seconds. He
LTom sietas set a new world record when
he swam 200 metres. Tom ..-
eaOOy Ooyte completed 1,868 press ups
in one hour in 1993. He ...
, tn zoo+, sonya Thomas ate 5 kilos of
;.]D tn zot o, enorew Daht inftated 23
in three minutes. He ...
2a He's headed the balt 2,377 times without dropping it.
b He's been heading the batl 2,377 times without dropping it.
3a She's gfown her hair since '1973.
b she's been growing her hair since 1973.
la Match th€ sent€nce! ln €xercise ? with the
1 lf an action happens in a moment and is
comptete, we usethe Present perfect
simple I .ontinuous.
2 lfan action is not finish€d, we use the
Present pefect s/mple / cont ruous.
3 lf we want to emphasise that an action has
lasted for a longtime or k repeated, we use
the Present perfect rinpie / corfinrors.
4 However if we say how many times
someone did somethin& we always use the
Present perfect iimple / .orft ooas.
s Lf we are describing a state (using verbs like
be, krow, etc.)we usuatly use the kesent
pede.t sinple I continuous.
b Choose the corect answeB to compl€te the
) Read study 2, page 147
4a He's been a gardener for 90 years.
b He's been beins a sardener for 90 vears.
Find out first View
I
I
1 a Work in pairs. Look at the tist of British heroes
below. which haveyou heard of? Do you know
what they are famous for?
. wilIiam Shakespeare
. JOnn Lennon
. Diana, Princess oi Wales
. SirWinston Churchil l
. lsambard Kingdorn Brunel
Try to match th€ people from exercise 1a with
the sentences beLow.
He/she...
1 was a songwriter and pop star.
2 led Britain during the SecondWorldWat
3 designed and buitt bridgesss, hips, stations etc.
4 wrote plays and sonnets,
5 supported numefous charities
Go onLine to check your answers or ask your
teacher.
s€arch: Wittiam shakespeare / lohn Lennon /
Dlana Pincess of Wales /winston ChurchiLL /
lsarnbard Kingdom BruneL
3a You are going to watch a video about lsambard
Kingdom Brunel,who i5 often thought ot as
an unsunghero. Look atthe photos and read
the statements below. Try to guess the correct
1 His most famous work is the clilton
Suspension Bridge I The Crcat Easten shiP /
Paddington station.'
2 His greatest mlstake is considered to be
the Clifton suspension Bridge I The Grcat
Easten ship I Paddington Station.
3 He died at the age of53 / 73 / 93.
4 The CWon Suspension Btidge I The Grcat
Easte ship I Paddington Statio, wa>
completed five yea$ after he died as a
tribute to him.
b O watch the video and check your answers.
4 watch the video again.Then work in pairu
and €xptain the significance ofthe p€oPle and
numbers below.
200 years ago
photograPllers
John Scott Russell
the company djrectors
six men
38 passengers
53 years otd
Why was BruneL's 'greatest mistake'such
a failure? can you thinkof any othergreat
mistakes famous people have made?
in the top ten tist2 The peopte in 1a appeared 
of '100 Createst Britons.In what order doyo-
thinkthev came in the list?
fl.),.$il
Speaking and vocabulary
" l Look at the photo. What kind of event do you think ir is? Think of
five other events that draw LarEe crowds like this.
Look at news extracts 1-8 betow. Checkthe meaning ofthe words
in botd- Do the the words in botd retate to:
- €vents peopte
- act lv i t ies things?
Can you think of any other words related to these categories?
I 'l'he demonstration was lsg.ly peaceftl wilh protestors
campaigning for an end to poverty.
2 Hunarcds ofsupport€rs clrpped,cheered and waved tlags
as ihe team $ent past on their victory parsde.
3 li.e morchers u';ere aorrr r! plocqrds
aTra bqnnels ac r]r l-r a,--ier [o!
When the minister addressed fhe croryd. a iew people booed.
The cfowd al tlie festival $'€nt wild rtro tlie finar ao caoe or.
A 5'n.r ariai.rp ri proleslols ffcra..ri,rc, .ti-,t clqshed with t,c a,.
The carnival was rruly spectacular with so nany floats
and peoplc $,eafjng costumes.
The stndiuD is usualiy a vcnue lor outdoor conc€rrs
arxi sportnrg evenls, but )csterday the cro\rd were
there to celebrate the ncw )€ar.
Work in pairs and discuss. What's the biggest protest or
celebration thatyou have been to or seen on TV?
5
7
_rePuole) urllsnh sql 
Jo qluoL! Lllulu
aql ur areld sa) P1 l 'uaPplqroj ere 8u!lu!rp pue
8ultEa alurv(ep 'uppeure! jo 
le^llso] aql Sulnc a
'qnl) 
leDos elsrn euon€ oLll
dnor8 urlq qt ^ sO66L oql ur auet leuolteuratul
Puno] {leuq aH s0€6! aqt ur Surprorer lsru
slq opeLu oPunBeS ^edluof ra8u!s ueqnl S
'PFo^\
eql ulseare ueqrn FeSrel €qlJo 3uo srl Purql
$o^ -qtnos ul^lD u^ ou)-alul p slSulnb8uoql t
'adornl
ur uorDe.4le lsunol relndod Dour eql sl ll funlua)
q15L aql ullltnq se,\\ lnquelsl ulreEzP€ PuerD aql €
'(lolsrq ur pueq raLlp {ue ueql spro)or
eroLu plos ereq (eq1 g76L ur dn lrtds seFEe€ aql Z
aetd
sa]e|qtq^'leuu andeal suotdueq) Vfin aql
.PiroM eq] ul
luo^a 3u!!ods lenuue paqrleM-$our aql srll IeN
u! areld se)El leuU enBeel suoldurpql Vlln eql L
'Ploq ur sPro/\^ aql qvt\ l.lels 3snq,3 llelar
Sulugap-uou eBulsn mopq $)uelues aql3ulqLuof Z
's€snql €^!lelar Bulsn
leded jo 3).ld eql uo sra/u\sue 6qlFoqe suollsenb
)se ol surnl aIeI sra/v\sue rno^ /!1oqs srled ullro/( l
'reoeo jo
i]old e uo.iapro uropupr ulsle/vlsup rnorol!.il q
]e&o, uauo nor-SLrlqtauros 8
'paxple] laa] s{eMle no^ - aleld e 
I 'puPls 
l,Lre) no^llsnur auoaLuos 9
'/(ofua ^l]plnrued no,()tsnur auooLuos I
]noql^ ouroq a^ealia^su no^ Sulqtauros t
'{eplloq uo 03,(Iensn no^ - qtuour sqt 
€ 's]Pa^lelo^os 
rol| uaas l,ua^eq no^- euoaujos Z
'llsl^ ol e)ll ̂llpsr p,no^ - sreld e 
! ...1o 
eureu oql a]!.ty'
'^resse)au ,! 'unouord
e^ltelar e ql.r\ /v\oFq s€rGtues eql aloFluo) e L
rlr)vud
3q) ra^o eolep€ds uoI[LU 9!_Zt s]ce4e ecer srL]l
'acual eprnol aql^q ppq 
itqeqord srlue^a slods
otbuF e le pi ore ]sefietoL]lro] proca aql ]nE
'Jlzer8 pue -, fenbnln 
usa qoq ser\
ttes)t qcteur aqt lua^a strods e te pMorc r.llntpBts
lsefiq a$ Iep slql o] ulEuler 096t eunt ur urnrpers
guEeererl aqt ur -r etdo€d 
000,002 sqt
r.N3A3 SrUOds vrvol ouc Lsf,9uv]3Hr
papu€rP alooao uoulrLU s E ra^o ua'la
uo^ oqM bsrt u! ut8aq or rnoqp se,, q)rqa
a$qt araM oqM tEuD dn) p!o,^ aqr paqrrer'\ort/s
ptaq st l lei]r arErqslar suolltu araq/$
rlelsor paPtlp orlM auro! utse^{ qrtq/$
)paqr pue uaFI uaql xoq aql Luo4 sosP.iqd
6fL .3ed '17 ̂pnrs pes! e
lsEuuo) sp3.u BsnEP.^rel.r ro ad^l't)rql €
(asnep 3^tlelar ButuD.p-uou e srstql) zetru.1u.s
3qr ut uotlpurrolr'l ,ellrc, sa^t8ptoq utasnq) q)!q/ Z
(isn€p a^Flor Sutuuap p ststq! Zarualuas
3q1pu€rsrapun ot&pssarau sLptoq utasnep tl)tqr !
fped aqr passrur /(F€€ auroq lu€a or{M 'orpad
-IUed aqr p€ssrlu ̂ppa €uroq rusa oqM aso.n
'suolNanb aqx r.MsuE pue ̂\otaq s.rua$as aqt pear z
sosnel) ;r^$elol iiurultirp'r.rou 0!e .tuiu t.:
u.uo qrlq^l s.uors sM.u .rtl ruo4 Pa$luo
.q up) a^oqexoq.qr u!unouoda lrep.uo rquo r
'pau5tsap att Lt iq^un|pels aljst stgr
'entp4s aq pauotip otlM ueu aqt st s19r
a{ql zp.+uo.q unouord
a^llEl aq1uEr aot.q s.ruaru€s.qr]o q)tqM ut q
'€suqo q)Ea utunouold €^!rq.I 3qt iultr€pun
'sasnel) .^ttqar .le a^oqe xoq aqt u!s.serqd.qr er
$unouo.r o,\ rlpla!
ql!/t^ e^oqP salrols s^\ou aqr oFldluol !z (9 !
sasnpll oArlelau
! snroJ e3en8u€rl
.r.t6noue 6{q
l,user\ arenbs.Iqnd €ql sp
'pi oJc eql sselppe 
sJa)ieads
aql.teaq ol eoeuEur Luptp
sJ3q3.leur lsor\l .Insar e se IUe€
slnoq o^q qcleur eq] _-e
'slesrueblo 
eql ua^a peqldtns
ls€tord aqlJo azs eql .srauueq
pue specetd 6ur^rec ,,(ueul
'€tdoad uo! 
iu aerqt punore
paper e,-q lsalord
et6uts ]se6rej aqt . _-, re^1
eqt lsutebe 6ulu6€durec aJaM
sroisalord .pto^ aql punore 
lle
t00z tuetuq€l q19t uo ecetd
)oot tuotslq urseller re^ _Jlue
pateurprooc ]sa6rEt aq-L
u3A3 ls3Loud
IS3C9ts ]HL
!e^e lse6q
aql s9 sprocau p
loo8 sseuurne 6ql Iq
pesru6ocar lllls sl I lr|q
'uacuoc aql6ulpuaP
ueql leql€r pnsn se
6u0erqetaJ lsnl Ilqeqod
ol3rl 
.-. p,f o-o
aq] Jo auos ree^ tue,a
3^f s,rea /\ 0N -
z'qcBog €ueqecedoo
se^A €nua^ eLlI llzEl8
'or6uef 6p olu ul ue.r,@
uE^ els pou e -
L t66l raqL€cao lslc
uo les sel proser ̂ auv
AUOLSIH Nl lUfCNOa
rsSe9ls fnr
zo Blua q
WE SAW HISTORY IN THE MAKING
Fffi?'?
STREEI CRASI{ I :..
A I' THE trAIROW ]
I.IARCH
0d Thurday24th october 1929, atthe NewYork Stock Exchange on Watt
s t ree! , theunih inkabtehappened. In oneday, 1 i mj t t ion shareschansed
hands * prices cotlapsed and the dream ofweatth was transfomed into
the ijslrtmare of pov{ty. TheWattSbeetCGsh ted io a period of
unempLoymenl homete$n€s and hunqsattoverthe wortd. h the nexr
few yea6, miltiods ofordinary peopte's Livs were destroyed.
ov€r5,000 km a,ray, in the ship-building town ofJarowin th€ north
eastof Engtand, unempLoymentanors skitted wo{ing men reached
65 percentasa resuLtof the'creatDepresjon'thatfoLtowedtheWatt
Street Crash. h 0ctober 1936,207 men from Jatrow eetbuton foot.
to march the 480 km to London as a'protestagainststarvation ,
TheJarow marchets were qheered and gived food in ry€rytown
theypassed through, butwhen tlr€y reached partjament, nothing
ads oo.efo. a eF. I " rer we e q ivpn f ear ' tor .aei i ,o i
2 THE SUMMER OF LOVE
Duringthe 1960s, rebettion againstthe establishmentgrewin many parts of
thewortd, fromthe llnited Stales io Czechostova kia,
Young peopte beqan to adoptan aLtemative iifeswLechaiactensd by
ctotlres, and to protest against
goverrments, sdch as the
1 THEWALL
Reading and speaking
1a Work in groups. Look at the photos and tittes and
make a tist ofanythingyou know aboutthe events.
can you guess which evenr(s)the words berow
relate to?
the Stock Exchange
the campaign for Btack rights
an alternative lifestyle
2a Read about events t-4 above and check your ideas.
Work in pairs and discuss the questions.
' When and whefe did these events happen?
. Were these events ce[ebrations or protests?
' \ ^ L ) ̂ " " t 1 e p d n c i D a n l ' ( e . e o - d r : - g p - o t " . g :
. Were other countries affected?
Work in pairs and discuss. What do you think it was
like to experience these events at the time? Think of
three words to describ€ each event.
4a
t h o u s a n d s o f y o u n g p e o p t e , ,
gathercdintheHajsht-Ashbufy )i
neiqhbourhoodof san Francisco ir
to promotepeace, happiness I
and toveii whatbecam€ known l
asthe Sumnrer of tove'. fiusic
fesnvab, poetry readjn9s,
speeches and theatre events
cetebrat€d 'fLouer power', Howevs, by october 1962 ryentr had taken an
L daq. t tL r a , nF rd dr-q qbu,p i .c aannal , !oo. ove. Inp
organis€rc hetda'funer:land bunta offin hbe[ed'summer of Lov€,.
5
Match comments A-E on page 69 to evants 1-4.
One event has two comments,
What feel ings of atmosphere does each person
describe?
Read the texts and comments again. Are the
statements betow probably true (T) or probabLy fatse
(F)? Underline the words that tettyou.
Events
1 ln 1929, people didn t bel leve that the stock
narket could collapse.
2 Ordinary people sympathised more with th€
Jarrow Marchers than the government did.
3 The orgarlsers of the 'Sumner of Love' thought
r was a coTnptete 5uccess.
4 The East Cerman goyeTnment was mor€ oT less
fofced to open its borders.
5 Obarna onlyjust won the 2008 president lal
e[ect]on.
Comments
6 The closure of the shipyards in ]arrow fett t iKe
a ceath sentence to the town.
7 Many older people in thel960s were shocked
by the way h ppies dressed.
8 People in the fof f i rer East Cermany dld not
t fust the governrnent.
9 Beiore Obama's elect ion bLack people dld not
bet ieve that topjobs wefe open to then.
3
.l'llli
.dauou Sururnq ,{uourerec e ua e seulteuros
'sl€au! aa,g'saroF aa{ are,r{ a'reql se,r! dtalcos
ea4 E }€qrl^ 'sEr ulop?e{ teqi SuFoldxa era./\^
ar'.\'Sul.q ra^3 Jo ruoq ul,,ea{,,lnd el\ "'
peluer\ no,{ ra eaoq sserp plnoc nol esnecaq
learls aql uo pareaddB rapeJeqr Jo puFI
^re g elqrssod se^r 3u l{ue allll peuaas tl
s?4qs aoJ t
ij,\rir,,r,r,\, \,i (ti,.ir.i,\ I ir\(rr,,rfi,L\ir.iiiii
,it,, irt Lr ri rr irr I
' 
"i. 
i 1 ,1r r, r\ r1\ r: .Ll1 Lr(1 ijJri\rL\i
':Iri rr! \ r,jLii Li,r tf\tt r tL, L.iIi tL irL,; ,r 'r.r!i\'ri'l
:i Ll lr .r. rr Li!:1,1,,, r:rirLri:r:L L r L,irLrilf r
\rlrr:LLrt r ri.\ it. 
., r,rr ; itLi \ rt|L !1,,\ '
,LrtLr,r,,;.i i.,,,1 i,iririNir,',l,ti iti: r\i,,:rL! 
t 'r,rri,r 'i,r,,,\liL1\1\ 
\il il\'1 r\ri,! I r,.-
r i i \ 
i t r r r L ,, L l \ \ i i i r , ' . \ \ , ' r ' .. li 
.i,,i ii! , ,i..r , ii .i.irL
.'ose, ar{l r33uol ou q ler.lJ',,al$b tou,, dPs
plnor e/r,\ '!lu4l aql s€^l dls aql pFs euoerllos
JI Sn Ol pesolJ sdEryrtE s€,u IJuaprsaid er{}
lnq 'alalqJB plnor e1\1 sSulql aia'| asoql 
d\,\
ur orDl a ,e]\1puP sre,{rvlel puP s,rolsop peq \
e ,e l .l€qlaes uer a,r r\ ou tnq 1!uI eql q 
.\!\
,qs eql r(€s auoauos rp6q ol Suql auo s.u \\\lii
1096r ̂lreaiqt urEur) r€qut uL!eW qtrM un6.q peqleql
qqbu )pelq ro, uEeduo elo uoqeuLutnr aq+ y fueu fq uaas seh
uoqr.F srN ,oPr.r sal,'ue6ots snouelslq qrld$uo)retq *IaA se
salo^ alrLralo suoLtlru uod peq lrp61no up se ubfduertequ.p$ d
s'Lrpar4speqoqn'euPq0 ptroa6L]]soDepuesnoqrPunore
p3laqatarerou suo|l}u
Aueupue^1!aql
to qaarls aqlpeuue!
atdood uorlru era^O
,\i
i\li)
'elerqqar o1'o6E)rql
2rd }uu9 uLparaqle6
uorlru el0 ralrenD e
to pMoD v 5o14s patrun
.qrl0 rusp'sard !rplq
}n9 aqr a&oraq q^roph
otrdaas puP ̂rolstq St to
sreaf ooz Peraueqs PUPqo
)pere€ roreuas flo rea^ t,
'800zrequa^oN Ltts u0
ra131v alrluDn .:; . ,
i r,"llL1 flr i ,,r I , u tr r ti : Lr !:, r.iL. r'tr i,
,.'t,'',,,,,,",,,.,, t
1ir\! irrr n ii r.i i,rr 'r'i r\ :li\L iL rL 
",l :i,,,Ll,i,rit ,.iL;i 
:l ,r ii\rii ,,i
,r.il], \i.,:r:i rf i |,r | ,-^ofle3r3 Jo 3ulaeJ e
sprt eraql reqlo qrEa Sqce.rqura sen auorfua,ra
pup eldoad Jo IIrU erai slaarls eql pellcxa os
sE/\^ I rSuI{Er{s spl$ I plqc eql roJ elelocoqc pue
aup! qlp! sn pelaerB auoauos lq8ls FJec€ed itue
€ sE1[ 11 sprEn6 eql ol sra' og 3uF!3 pue s.Ie.
rer.It Jo lno Suqle8 elar eldoed q8noql pa^e,r{
era,u a^\ lr paqreer ar! ueq,1^ tncl 'elaqt la8 ppoc
a.1\ €roJaq urES€ pesolc aq lq8llu ll palrroM elaM
eM 6Proq aql ol a orp pue lec eqt olq relqSnBp
Suldeels mo papunq alv| fep lxeu eql elqFsodrul
paueas l! Su elvr aJe,,!\ Iaql " SurssorJ
Jeproq aql le aldoad Sulllroqs uolsl^elal uo
serntrld /v!es arvr uaql 'lI 6^ellaq l,upFor lsnla]1ll
l^qt esuorteraua8 arntn, ̂q paraqLuouror aq ll M
)Lrql no,{ op aLulla}rt rno^ ur slua^a reqlo q)q^ .
U,{r.1,\'\ pue sauo qr qy' alasrno^ stu€^a
asalll ]o ̂!e paruauedxa €^eq ot a)l I no{ plnol r
2{ql lluPtodul
lsPol/lsoLr.r seM lu ql no^ op slue^e asaql lo qr qM ,
2,(q/1 2Bu tseralu
/Sur^our lsoru pull no,( op lunorlp asoqM ,
'suollsanb aql ssnrslc sdnorS ul )llol g
. aqtlFg orro4oq ptnoM lou0ras +set reL0 pue pauodo aq flnoa
'flpaq+pap$Lp qrLuM'Iei !rrraE aqtleqtpatrunouueluauuo^ob
ueura9lielaql'roqua^oN qt6uo'€rnsard6uruFqMro o
Fpun rraproqrL!qt uado ol ue6aq slu.uura^ob rEql pu?aor6 01
uebaq€dornl uo1selJosauNnoraqtur.t lsunoooroluoalsoddo
'uo!u0 t6ho5 rourolaql u' suro+.r 6uholo+'686t uunlnE uI
11V&Nn{t8 tHl l0llVJ tHI €
-
lH9tN l{Ollf,tu S,VnVSO ?
Vocabulary and listening
Spr*ilioI evc.lr't:s
1 Work in pairs and discuss the questions.
. What can you see in the photos?
. Which events do you associate these things/peop[e with?
. Have you been to any events like these recenlly?
2 Cross outthe word that does not match the event. Rewrite it
in the correct ptace(s).
f loats, crowds, a+rid€greeFni speciaI costumes
wedding:
presents, stewards, a stage, the headline ad
Choose the quantifierthat best reftects what
Harriet, Bethany and Dan said aboutthe
events they described.
Harriet
1 Quite a few of / All of my friends had huge
weddings.
2 lhey had one or two / hundrcds of guests.
3 My friend didn't know some /any ol the
guests at her own wedding.
she had hadly any /enough time to talk
to her own friends.
We've invited a /ew / load5 of old friends.
We't[ have a party a coup Ie of /several
weeks later.
1 a
cake, speeches, a reception, mouTneTs,
music f€stivali
engagement:
a party, guests, cards, merchandise, decoGtions
: pyflf l"!i!"y: ; i9199::r l:i:r :p".:tu! T"-:fi hily 91!!"'i"c:
fair : oa..oons, a br ide food stal l , , oLeLes
!
f u n e r a l : a c o f f i n ' a - e r p n o r y ' , - e w o . . 5 ' . l o w e -
, a r a l g 6 n e n t ( .
3 h!1 z.zYou aregoingto hearthre€ p€opletalking about an
event from exercise 1, but the nam€ of the event is bleeped
out. Listen and decide which event each person is tatkingabout.
4 Work in pairs. Make a list of positive or negative issues each
speaker mentions. Listen again and check.
Language focus 2
Quantifiers
5
6
Bethany
7 Everyone eats far too much I fat too tittle
I Very few I Most people exchange presents
9 /o; rale a l,ttle;a lot o/rardy-'o: tl^e k cs.
Dan
10 fhete ate too many / plenty of faad stalls.
11 fhete isr't enough / ary water ava ila bLe.
12 lgo to no /ary festival can.
b fr z.l Listen and check.
'.reu Ed rno^
qll/l^suo!$0nD aqlreMsue Pue)sv srled ul)|lo/\ g
'€tL aaed uo t't
ldlJlg olpne le )ool 2sra/l,\sue Jnor LuoJj Joq[loujoJ
no^ uer guol$enb aql Jo IueLU l oH sia.,\,\sue Ja!,rq
ol!r/v\ Pue eret qt!^l suo!$anb z L or u.rsll t 1 0 q ez
'3ur33o[ - pepr]ap oqs os'tuun Suua8 se^( ofZL
'ro.irel^r- 
ll.l.jrrltt araqurlo.lSJr[dBst LL
'leqloLu slq a)ll aroLU s,aq
)ulqr I rnq'raqlPl srq -laeq)lh s^es ouofua^l 
O! 'r$ou 
Sulql^ue raquJausr
l,uPr I ssnelaq 'ernpal oql3u!np - p,l LlslM 
| 6
seoP ̂llesl
aH suossel sruuol uo ̂auou Jo speol spueds drtlqd 8
'araq gl,no^ suP l rN
lldt ll,l ztuaLuou.r P,rol puruJ no^ plnol I
?roM ]e s,eqs allq^
Aqeq aql Je) raqlel s,uauiie) 'AlaleLfuor 9
')uleil uo SurPu€daP
'uodrre iql Luorr rd3 ol lroq Lp {lq3noi - 
S
'^ppar Eutl}sB
uP, no^ ̂lnq € ur lou er,e^ '/(uoM l.uoc t
2ereurPl
)uliPlPooj l3B ol sarPld .
]lels !
lueuraloxa !
sepoods .
'^\olaq srldol eql pue sr.lJlluenbSuFl
I lnoqe peq rc PooB se/rl leq/\ ̂es pup I aqlDs3o 'q
ue€q e^eq no^1eql luo^a up Jolulql srled ull.roa
'sra^r\sue ereoruof, PUE srleo ur +oi 
I
'uleei) all
/ qsu /llnr+/tsour /^ue / ou.ros o)jlll.uop t/ alr t I
'eraoo 
/ )lsnu lerlsseP
/ rsnL! )por / lsoLu / {ue / auros e)ll t.uop | / alt I t
'oslou 
/ oreds qrnur lou / qfnur ool
/ q8noua lou /ro tol e slsreql'asnoq ft! tV €
'uaipllqr ro' s3!lrtDPl
/ sF)reluradns / qred q8nou3 tou
/ qBnouo / to &uald / are araqt 'u,^ ot ̂ur ul Z
s^Pprtoq )tqnd
/ sle^l]saj )lsnuJ / sle^ruref ^ueL! ool
/ ^ 01 e alnb / Mol &a^ 3re ereq] 
"&lunor 
rru ul L
'tle'u/v\ol
',(l not inol'rias,rnol tnoqe ue) no^se soue as
onJl ,(ueLu se eleur ol Aloleq sldurord aql esn el
llU_fvu
slallot .
sreds .
gslou .
alooxr .
slql qtlM Ie sn - no^ plnol 'eur esnlxl
reqoDo ]sL€ uo uee^ olleH
'uo!lPrlsuourap
s,^ePralsa^ ul elcoec lo spuPsnoqf L
'ateJ Jo u!o, lr€r.rot .r.ll esn /\^oFq deu prc 1
aql uorj.sPlqo e ql/t1 zL-L serus es etalduof L
$lel
0S L .8ed 'Z rpnrs pea! 
|
'qe rsa, xuP or o3l,uoP tq
'le^qsaj fue or o: tP5
'Surppaa
uMo raq re srs€n8 aqr to,(ue aou) I uptp pu.tr, ̂Hq
'3ulPP.M
uMoraq 1€ trsinSaqllo ouros /r{oq r,uptp pu.4 rN et
's8ulppaMStq ppq spualrr ruro Nr (tuA))
'stutppa^ 3tq ppq spuafr ru Jo ̂€r Vq
's8utppa^\3tq ppq spualrl rulo eal e etrno e€
'naltot to f!3td ,P 3raqlq
'srsltor qSnou: ele araq.L ez
'pool qrnu oot ale e?\\ q
'pool lo tol e 31P a/A e I
2aotaq s€ru. asJo sdnorS
.qr u..ar!q Bulue.ur ut .ru.r3Jl!p .qr 5! r€q/$ €
2(S' qpq Jo
(n) unou.tqprunorun up 1)) unou.nerunol
e {q p€i oIoI L aslrax€ u! sr.lrllupnb.qr V Z
qEnoue !.qrr.u €
naJda :s.BDUenD llPus z
Jo sparPurr./ :$rrDuenb a?jet L
'aotaq
suo!r!u!l.p .Lt1 01 L aslraxo u!sr.ulrupnb.ql t'|>tpri !
to €lEo tt
todsproA
\*N*)\lwtlxiw*N*w:
Present ideas for
an event
Preparation $l.,l,iri:lirr5:1 illrr:N r,r:rr::lirulur'\,
1a Look at the photos. which events in the box do they
show?
dn err ib i l o- ( lars;cal (on(en food fe i t v .
spots day street party summeriair
the Mayor's
Big Evgttt
What eventu/ l lyolrorganise? The Mayor! [ r g t \ ' :
ha5 been running for l ix years. nthattme,lo.al
'es dents have organised events slrch as concerls
fai15 and aft exhiblUons Thi i yeai the mayor,rv I
chari t - .s Do you have an deniors!.hafeveni:
What is the Mayor's Big Event?
t! af ar.!: elenllfar s orgar r.l bt o.a peop e ior ..i r..: :
A them.fef thr ! r :sed goeslo.hrr ryTlenar 'of patr fcr : r :
.on! ot organ lifg ann pror.r ig:he e!.nl
Vfhele does tlle event happe4?
i .an ta[e pa.e r thei . rn ha ao.a pa. l ashopFig.e. r re -
ar)"!heE e seyou.an tr nko'
children's entertainr.ent
f ancy dress competition
tlad itiona t da ncing
Work in pairs and discuss the questions.
. What are the people in each photo doirg?
. Have you ever been to (or organised) ary events
like these?
Read the website and answer the questions,
1 What is the Mayols Big Event?
2 How can yoLr take part in the competition?
3 Which idea wittwin the competit ion?
Read the advice for organisers beLow and check the
meaningofthe phrases in bold.
1 Consider printing ftyers and putting up posters.
2 You can selltickets forthe event, charge an
entrance fee or make it free.
3 Don t ignore easy money spinners such as selling
Dottled water,
4 lf you're putting on a concert or festivaIthen
you need a headline act to attract people and
encourage word-of -mouth advertising.
5 Think about taking out an ad in the local paper or
sending out a mailshot.
6 Don't forget, if there are stalts at your event, you
can charg€ a fee to the stall hotders for taking
part.
Doe5 each sentence describe a means of promotion
ora way of raising money?
Work in pairs and discuss. Whatsort ofevent do
you think would have the best chance ofwinning
sponsorship from the mayor? choose from the
events in ex€acise 1a, oryour own ideas.
Task tilXr*itftiniry
Work in groups of two orthree. You are goingto pLar
an event then presentyour ideas. Choose the type o:
event that you are goingto plan.
Discuss the questions below and make notes on your
. What wil[ be the rnain attraction at yo!r event?
. What other activities and entertainment wi[[ be or
. Where wlt lyou stage the event?
. What wittyou do about food and drink?
. How wi[[you pfornote the event?
. What problems might you encounter and how wliL
yo! solve those problems?
> Useful Language a
2a
(
' ta
l .^a eql spuoi ol oP no^ Ih 3sl. 1eq/
a^auour e)euno^ tM ̂^oH
asurer 1lI r€w1
suolrsanbSullsv )
- psuuEld 3^eq aa /uerPt qr rol
'relo !o $r!^|D€ 
io.8uu.pL^ Paq $3req1
- .sn€r3q r€tndod { P .q 
IL^ Na^a slql
seaP!BulNas.rd q
1r;dEd t€rot eqt ut pe up arqd) ptnor.,^
'_rnq Pip arrt e s,r
lslatr]1 3ut]tas) rap suor pFoqs aa sdeqr.d
Z(^iuour a)pu)013uLo3 aa arE Mo'.los
sueld tulleri e
I aSEn8uel lnlasn.
i^qi Zsaro rsosr
aqlpB eeplqrlq/r Iu/{orno^roJ alo^ t,ue) no,{)p+!
$.q eqtro] alo^ s! lue s eql PeuuEloll./r /\ oq Eis
o] suorlsenb )ise ruoll€luesald liree Jo Pue aql lY s
8u;Fyeuu pue uoltouuo.rd . 2rolo uo s,leq,\ .
lulrP Pue Poo, t lra^..
.Jeaq no^ uolFtuosord qre6 roj Moleq eld(rl
aql uo sslou 3)ieh suolle rasard Jaqlo aql ot uetsll
pue ssel) aql ol uollpuasad ,rno^ o^:3 ol surnl alel cE
q .SPnBuPt tnjasn <
'alqlssod sp a 
lperllp se seeplrno^ a)ieuJ 01
^rl p€au nor sasuqd/spror'n r(ue .ro1 .reqreal rno.( 1sy
'uoFe asard rnor( aslrerd uaqt luase/ 
lll,$ dnor3 eg
Jo reqLUeLU qreo uoltellroJur jo sa)eld qllq/!\ ePpeo z
t
t
Writing
A review of an event
1 Work in pairs and discuss. Have you been to see any
wett-known bands orsingers in concert? lfso, describe th€
exp€rience. lf not, which grou p/singer would you like to see?
2a Read the review and answer th€ questions.
1 What did the reviewer [ike about the concert?
2 What didn't he Like?
b Tickthethings beLowthat the reviewer describes. What eLse
do you think he shouLd have described?
. the reason for going . the atmosphere
. the reactions of the crowd . the songs played
. how many people were there . the hightights
. the quality ofthe performance . the negatives
. the names ofthe band members
Coldplay 3rrn' t the youngesl band on the Inusic scene. or
the cooiest, but they're dcf inrtr ly one of the besL l ivc bands
petfotming today. Consequent ly, as soon 2s lk ' rcw thry wcre
coming to Toronlo, wh{:re I l ive, I booked my t icket l
stand ng in the arcra ast night, the atrnosphere was e ectr c.
The two wornen stUng next to rne were cheer ng and s nging
ivery badly) before the band had even come on stage. And when
the concert f inal ly started an hour later than p anned, no one
seemed to rnind. The concert tself rsted for over two houIs ard
inc uded some ofthe r b ggest h ts, such as Viva La V dai
lhe crowd loved them al , though perhaps the highl ght for me
was 'Yel ow frorn their debut albunr Porocluie5 5 ng ng along
to that with the thousards of other fans r the arena was an
unforgettable exper ence.
The only prob ern for me was that thetr big hi ts w€renl al that
they played. 0uite a lot of the songs were frorn the I atest a bum,
currcnty stand ng at the top ofthe charts. haven t bought this
album although think ! , /as the oniy persof n the arera who
hadn't . As a resu t , wher the conc€rt f in ished, fe t l ike td been to
my best tr lerd s wedding bLrt hadn't been glven a plece of wedding
cake. l t was a great experience but someth ng was m ssinq.
Next t me Co dplay are in town I deini te y go aga n, but ' l make
sure I know thelr atest a bum offby heart beforehand and I s t a
blt lurther away frorn the two wonen wlth tune ess vo ces trying to
sing loLrder than the lead s ngerl
Find sentenc€s in the review which mean
the same as the ones betow. What arc the
differenc€s?
1 They re definitely one of the best live
bands who are performing today.
2 The two women who were sitting next to
me were cneef ng...
3 No one who was sitting in the arena
seefired to mind-
4 Quite a lot of the songs were from their
latest atburn, which is currently starding at
the top of the charls.
5 I'Lt sit a bit further away from the two
women with tuneless voices who were
trying to sing louderthan the lead singer.
Cross out words from th€ relative clauses in
the sentences betow if possibLe.
1 I felt sorry for the peopte.#herrere
queuing in the rain to get a t icket.
2 The band who lwas watching on the main
stage were awiul,
3 The person who was sitting next to rne fell
asLeep.
4 Who's that girtin the crowd who is waving
at u5?
5 The band that we are l isteningto are
looking for a new drummer, '
6 l haven't heard this songthat is ptaying now
7 | know that guy who is playing drums on
stage.
I Where did you download that music we're
Listening to?
Think ofa festivat, play, comedy show, etc.
thatyou have been to or seen, Make notes
on the topics in exercise 2b.
Organise your notes into paragraphs, then
write the first draft ofyour review
Write a final draft ofyour review using the
checktist betow.
Haveyou used interesting and rich language
to describe the event?
Have you used relative clauses correctly?
Are the spetting, grammar and punctuation
Have you incLuded information about some
of the topics in exercise 2a?
Work in pairs. Swap reviewswith a partn€r
and take turns to give €ach otherfeedback
3a
4a
5a
lernlPu lsou aql Punos
Lplq^ ePpaP pue suorlpge^uo),sluepn$ raqlo ol
ua$!l ssel) eql ol suollpge^uo) rno^,o auo lno tJV q
'PJO5 MaU rno,( UO 
lU rP e Sll dS AUOAuIOS .
'ojaqM ro ueql\
raquraL!ar l,uPr no{tnq aroJeq leu aA,no{ s{es
ue^ fued e te ue^l ot nor selnportur euo€Luos .
'11 
loo)
ot Fdloq aqs/oq leqt s^ps uoeod reqto sql poo8
Xlo^ t,usL poo] aqt teq] ]uauLlor no,( '^ted e tV .
'dotdelrno{ uo 
4oi auos op ol lupM no^
'urerl e uo uosrod a,^ lqlel &a e ot lxau irP nol .
,tBunq
I,u3re no{ }nq pool nox 3u ra}lo uo sdee) euo€uros ,
'qz asprsrc ruorl serueluas 3ursn seullxls ol
o^rJ ,o suollere^uor allr/r^ pue o/\u esooq] ,Molaq
suollenlls le!)os PrP/r^),Me eqtle )ool srledul+ol
' e la8 tJt no{ 
llP) L 0t
'no{- ot tue^ I,uop 
6 '_o\ 
1up.p liooq I - 
I,uprp furos qO I
zdu od s. voH 9
Z 
- ar sL! 
l $el eqt sPr' uaqM S
' siurqt asaql t,useoP li 
t
 lles' l,uop'qo €
'erour Aue I,uplnor 'Allea|oN z
' Allear u,l lnq ar u _ra seM ]l L
'uo!leuo lel!lod aql 3u r{dol 'serualu es aq1
^es uaqf sa)ualues eqt alaldLr]o) pup ustsll 9l (J .
2uollenlls q)ea ql!/v\ lesP ella€ PIP /(llnrssarrns
,MoH 23^oqe ror\ sue rno^ olrellluls t!se/\ 'P!€s
^llenpe elteg leL{i tno putJ or uerslt S l 
U 
pZ
el-v sernprd ur uorlPnlls q)Pe
ulrpsno,{plno,Mteq,\'ssnrslppuesrled u!)lloy'A L
suo!lPnl!s lP!)os PIP/v\lMV
e€tuqeed5
iiiii
riii i:lll iliii:li
t{\.d
jf'
i:.
' 'irii
i ,-l.i:
f \\\r
j!:,L\
ri. ig--
...
'*i'if,Jl*'- il$ Kfift R.t h'v
'l 
Work in groups and discuss.Which ofthe myste;ies beLow most
interestyou when you choose a film, book,etc.?Why?
. ghost stories and the supernatural . detect]ve stories
. mysteries ofthe naturaL world . real life myster]es
Work in pairs. Checkyou understand the phrases in the box.Think
of examples ofthre€ ofthese things and teLl the class.
a supernatur.l event
an unfortunate mishap
a mysteriou5 disappearance
a practicaljoke thatwent too far
an unexpLained natu.at phenomenon
a tragic incident
an amazing coin idence
a stupid pubLicity ltunt
Read story beginningsA-E on page 77.Work in pairs and answer
the questions beLow
1 Which photos relate to each story?
2 Whefe and when did/does each story take place?
3 What strange events does it describe?
4 Match the topics in exercise 2 to each story.
5 How do yo! think each story ends?
4a Match the story endingsl-5 on page 77 with story beginnings A-E.
b Work in paks and discuss the questions.
. Did you predict the endings correctly?
' Which strange events st i [ [appeaf to be unexplained?
. Have you changed your mind about the best topic from
exercise 2 to descrlbe each story? Exptain why.
Work in pairs. Find the words/phras€s beLow in the stories and
expLain in your own words whatthey mean, using the context to
7
1
3
4
littered wlth (text A)
toited (texr B)
tormentea (text B)
the baby's fallwas broken
(text c)
potentially deadty (text D)
faked (text 2)
lobe (text 4)
severed (text 4)
'apEr ur P srt €^o 3q qecot eclarncco
s ql uFtoxe ol € qE u€eq 4l€€r seq 3uo ou st qtn4
eqt rEaI tu€^€ €Lu I aur€s aq] ]€ aoqd 6u€s €rtt ul
ra €u rq ,qeu !€ 6u ur€r! lo p.loM eql la o !e s€sec
u€aq e eq srar[ sr€N] punorbr€pun uro4 eulo5 r'€ql
tBql ercneq ssLtpe qi oro uo uraql]sodsp ple
c[u€tlv€ql uo4 Lts] €r{ petoc spu^ 0uo4s tpq} '
'et|| sq 
lo sr€a^ o^ ] ]sE 3q]
ur posnpord sraM souru€d snour€j srq ]o |Ie lsoutE
rs.res r'rclerc]$up u€ sE p$lro^ ^uo srt €snecaq
sEr' eur4etr srrt u! !o !L60cer oltri os p€ r€.€r
q6oe ue uosper eq] ̂pluap3u puv ]ee eoLta
€q] ]ou para^€s seM 6qot r€ 3ql ,!uo ]eLt] q u elac
Noop s l€rtM puer4 qq pEoro ot s6!0qtne
3q1 o1 po I uaqr q0o9 LrE^ ]eLt] plE l!3unDe ur !t
r€3q1l}otnc urn6n€o lsruE aq]',pu3!]sq ]eq]
'uosud u srBo^ |9la^3s o] p€3r€]Lras pLr?
pnE4 ]o p€tc ̂uoc er€r' s!/!\rec a$ qloq I pnNo^l
'1002 u uml€l oi urq p3loj sssu)qsauoq
Pun uooss€o €ste]E 'ro peorqe pe 3 €r]
eq ueql puE (ocuErE€ooEs p sl€qtEl iaqt FoqPsLros
aoPuoe] n€ql or uo a 6u t) rBe^ € re o rot €uroq
^Lrurel eq] Lrl u€ppr_t lrlof loa) pBq u ̂ jBc €uuv
^auour $u€rnsu sjtu 000 009J u€ql erou ujEc
or r€pro ut ,qlE€p s,u srEc polBt peq epnoc eql
r€ql lno peurni I porsolrP are^r\ eJr^\ srt p!€ u r' rBc
qloq puE ̂ l€3 tELUerp pabuELtc uo lBnr s eL|
'up6e buDlFi sEr' €u€cuBE,elE s^Bp
3 ] ]snf qq Fpds elti 6uhotp, al|| or)lcaq auoc
IsnorclMur peq sDat sq ! s-adou aql lEr+ pei€^ocs p
agnu 3ql le^o pqralp oureq seM eq sp la aMoH
''' etP04s3 !l ot ue6€q ec||d pu€ sL€dEds,v€u eq] se \El
^fcnqnd eonq p€^r€oor asec aL{ pu€ urnpr slt }€ tu€ur@-
ple ^ol€q ou|ssercixa ]uauralBF B p€nssr euuv atd qr
'srE€A a j 
Fet €!t ur utq o1 peueddeq ppq lEqM lo tuoura! or
peq pu€ Es€uurp uro4 oqr€rns ueaq p€q aLt teql6u Es rr
aclod uopuojE oturpqe ^ u^!ec 4oz Fquac€q q tq{
'soruoqF€ e{
pue spu€ 4 ^ rl]Pt ̂q p€p p€unserd seM oq pup 6(a .o
q!o! €ru ureuoq qqlEeu our€olpc t o alt
paEoddesp ur^ rEC uqof .r€qc€el rauoJ ueqM Z00Z qc-et\ r
'lBtrosoq o] peqsnr ̂ alapar..
sE^ elecuelE rlpEep A plu€]od sr uoue^ asor
!3plds esnpsr uaorq 3lEr e lq uaurq s€^ eq '1002 u Lq-j
1 eq. saqa e ur Ea^ oz re^o ]uads €ue3(EE
pr^ec LrEuro]pc s6q sq ur6u eetou qr^ uJlqp
OZ Jo 30e oql lE U€prccE atc^crololu e qlrai p €:'r
''' rcle| rB€I 
V pet I 3la^ rsql|alr 'p3mlu qqcq
oroM ̂q€q eqt pLre )po 0B qonol E ple uqo4 sa
Io s/qPq eqf t-o0:oruovop.rs.oou Dnol P rc4
lrt/qeq s. E Lo4 err. .. e up oLrLBa , sBv !ro6u +
roqplu ssaFrEc .raqlEl ̂llu€reddE pue
6uno^ p ]o aI €Llr ! led otqqr€urar E p€Iqd )pqe':
uo..of p€urP. €orr{, tde,., - o,tdp e lotb. c{ -
''' e]P3pLrl s€ pnls luocer ]e^o ^or
'€^o srq 
,o looro s€ sse4sluJ s|t o] I ]u€s pue l93 uao 5r
Io rc or-t tErI seo6 ̂rols eql 'pa]rcuuo] os lEU e sea qt
.'LllEep sq €uE suoflr'r rtclal ol uo lue^ sourured srLl qrtt
',!ra odu pue pos uoooarun pe p 
tnq'af sq|19p€tolql
'snrua6 cr0E4€ sB tuolsrq u ui 
@
euoo s€q qooe ue^Naeul^tstr€ rtcnp tunNe3 ql6! ar!
''' paFeoDns a €q slsDuetcs euros t€o pr
papc etdoed lp3ol qqLtM 'Lts] pLUs r-Uh paro]llouroca
sle€rts ac eql srnoq tae€s qse 6uuu6r pue €puru
^q FUEouro.cP s qcrqi^ uter aqt ,sscsod ep E^qr
ro,qsllo urEU, € u€eq seq e€q] $€I pdpunLt Fetoli
ro] alnf rc ^en tue^a loro to sc'r ̂od 'remp'roH sq1 u
.srl,]l uoqp ^ oq nq 'serels,([
siarnlEu ]o ̂ueur ol ra/l\su€ eq] pep^ord ssq e.!ar€
tue^e eL{ pe^,\rns
qloq '] !|PoE e3Lro aopu M roou-qt rnol rcqlouE
L!o4 Luq lo ooi uo | 3] sEuoLll pr^Ec p oi€a^
oM] luelurraqtoLre ueq^ ̂€E ue ouueop !|€6€
sEM |coFu rf\ i€u ze oeu 6rull 01 oupocce
lR*lF,.t i,$:, IR:li.,l. -, r,,
work in pairs and discuss, Have you everwondercd
bbout any of the questions below? Do you knowthe
answers to any of them?
. Why can't we tickle ourselves?
. Why do we hiccup?
. can we catch a cold from being cold?
' Why do we steepwalk?
Read the article below and checkyour ideas. Did you
learn anything new?
Read the website again and choose the correct
modaI verbs,
Dr Jord.an Wiley answers the questions you've always vfondered aboutl
I flnd behg ti(kled horrible,
so tnis might seem like a
strange question, but ... nnt
can't I tickle myselfl
Asked br Josirqfenion
Inlef€sting question. Josn. Il
oth.r !.o!lc rcar,/sto..ad iickle
us then logicaly r'. sirol[d 'zcan
I sometimes get loud hircups when I'm in a restaurant.
$rhat causes them? Asked b) tbr.snith
Ii fu/,azA / rrst be embanassing to get ioud hi..ups in pnblic. Whrt
iype of food a.e lou eati.g rvhcn thcy stan? You r'rigit / .a, be
aller€jc to it. Hiccups come from a ldSe muscle h )'ourcheslcdlled
the diaphngni. If it eets lnllated. it 3.atr / Iras to start moving i. a
je*y !ay. caNinS hiccnps. To frake lhen go a\!ay yor erusrn" /
.lot't haw to do anyrhine tbe' go ar.y natur.lly and rdely last
long (althouth ore pe6on did hale.n.tt.ck Nhich lasled 68 yca'si).
/D€ able to d.kle ourselves - so {.hI 3muntz'f,/ car'f iel The
rcason is simlle lor somethirrg to tickle us, ilamwt/mightbc
nnexpecied. \\'hen ne ticlde ouselves, our bmn js easjlr. scaD /
abae ,o predicl lhc fcelru, so our bodr ncvcr le€ls ticlded.
My aunt often says to my daueltte\ 'You'll (atch a cold if
you go out in this weathei' Can you really catch a cold
from being cold? Asked b,! ela brooks,ll
The shor! an$ver, Eva, is no rou cant, .nd rour aun!
t\r.an't/ shouldn't try ta keep your daushrer indoors. Someone
ttshould / niqht tell het rhar vjruses cause colds, rot rhe
weather In fact, cold viruses prefer warn, indoor corditions, so
children (and aduhs) really l2may / otghtto
go ortdoois a! n!.h as possible, even in winter
$lhy do $€ 6leep$alk? My flatmate does it and I
snmel inc. f rnd ler A5lccp or r hc L i l .hen l loo. in
the morning. Asked by younis_khm
Ir 13can't / alaesn\ haw to lie rery nice lor xour flahnate to
wake up in a slrange foom in the moftng but shc {.ouklD't /
snoztdn',worNioomxch [a]thoughshe rsmal/m6tnnd
it easier io loct her door at night). No one knows for sure
$'hat causes slee!{it.ltring, thougi in adults it rscourd /m st
be a sign olslress. Sone people say lhal you rhrs,t',/
doD't nar€ ,o n*e a sleepwalker. so if you sec you lrierd
sleeprrlking. il s lrobablx bcst ioiust lead hcr back lo bed.
i , : r ' r , l l
1 Lookatthe website. Why is .a, corr€ct in 1 butnot2?
I rr l, :r 'rr ' I l
2 Find modals in the websitethat mean:
1 lt i5 necessary have to
2 it is not atlowed
5 it is a bad idea or'the wrongthing to do'
i i \ i t i i j i r i , \ . . r i r r i i l , 1 . , f , , i | , , r r i . ,
3 l'4atch the modalsyou chosetothe meanings betow.
3 it is not iecessarv/itb oDtional
4 it is a good jdea, the rightthingto do'
1 it seems certain that this is vue
2 this is possibty true
3 i tseems cedain th is isn ' tnue
4 this is a geneal posibility -
4 Why is ca, correct in 8 butnotpossibl€ in 7 in
I Read Studyl, page 152
i.n
zsa^lpalpe eLr]erlxa ororaq asn no^ ue) (]ts
'trlatnpsqe'fned' he 
) erjrsualur qr!qAv
Ieurs tu3^
pnol ̂.ra^
3u!t1^ra^
^IF tua^ pes &a^
^r8unq ̂ra^ ,&8ue fia^
rl3Prl snolnr pu
sno!nl 3!rFnEqx3
tur^rets
3ur!6le6p futl
Y
'€ xoq uls8ulueaul aql
rlllM Vxoq ul sa^lpelpe auruua aq] qrleN
a^ sseJdur/a8uerls fta^ Btq {]i^
peq ̂re^ poo8 &a^ tnrrrneaq fra^
'S-L sdnorS ol xoq aqt u! sosp.rqd aqt qrlph q
Su uunts'atrsrnbxa ln]ltneeq lnP\e s
ise,1 oAsseur elqlpai)ui'aBnq snourroua t
alqe)reurar
'fuPu proertxe snoeBroB 3ulzelue 
€
1t!rat elqurot snopuaxoq Sullleddp Z
ln}apuo^ fie 'qredns luollorxe L
'dnoj8 pallor aql
ulI atu^\e!'&\oloq S-L sdnorB u!Suolaq lou
saop qrlq^ e^lpalpe aulelue aql lno ssorJ
'aur1 eues aql le alqtrroq
pue tnolrettq qpq st pal).t16utaa
Zploq ursp.ro/,^ aql ]o SulueeL!
eql sl leqy' ,,'^olaq arusluas aqllp )oo-t L
lloq a1spl
sraddad ll qr op ̂qA\
lsluelc LUo4
saseasrP qrler sLreurnq uPl
2no{llr) punos pnol e uel
's.ramsue elqtssod -ro1 sselc aq11se
urql Pue u/v\oP Luaql el!r/\A zuoqe PelaPuo/!^
sxe,Mlp e4,no^ leql suoltsonb ^ue e eq no^oC ,,
'suolu!do rnor ssaldxe
o1,4111rqrssod lo sqra,rlepour asn Z aslrtaxa
ol9a/.^sue rno^ssnrslp pup sdnorB ul),lo,l^ eF
2izaa4leal,sresq relod 1,uop ^qA\
2aaals qsu oc
€
z
L
Je.rp rausue eql )iulqt no^op leq,{.aurLuprSord
orper a)uer)s I ulrUedxe jo pa)isp ela,M ujeqllo llv.pUoM
lprmeu eqljo saDeF^L! lnoqp ̂\oleq suollsonb aql ppa!
'ra,a,tsue alqrssod euo ueql erou.:
aq ̂eLU araqt slppoLu lrallor eql qV1 trcl aqt eleldurol.
'arnlnJ aql ulpa^es sq ppoqs 
/ f,eu / ue26saNl
aoLri teqtr os {eM stql ul pel)e#e e.rp qeulue qllqM ̂lpexa
)ala)stP I,uqnoqs / $nu / ot a eqa slslluaps /i^oN .ursql ̂q
pa!elle a9 trldltu / oTe pg / plnorr slpLulue euros lo sue$,{s
sno lau a^lllsues aql 1eqt U8noql sl tr!'soBueqr qtns a ta)ad
T,utsnw / tuet / otqqel,uarpe sBuroq ueurnq qBnoqlN plaq
lllau8Pur s,qtel aqt ulsa3ueqr tqBts ol pa)iullsq {e.{, / plro,
/ rers uoltEueldxa aql ]eql a^3ttaq faqt -aruepDutol a.lnd eq
pu Kew I l,qsntu / T,ueir slql lpqt tde))e Mou sls|]ueps,{ueh
'so)ienbqupa SuolF ̂Fpltspour eroJoq s,{ep 
lsa^aslal]a !l
oLuoraq qslJlPl leql para^olslp oqe i^eq sFquaDs asauede[
'llnso.r e sp pa esAqeqord raMsa^!tro spuesnoqf.e)ienbqtea
a8nq e ̂q tq spM speNalp fltoqs qltq^ ,8usq)teH 
,o rlD aql
atenre a ot paplrsp ̂eqltotsestp3u uro) e ole)purtr/6rar /
prno, / uer€ soll.tp ul puno] 8uruuru qpujue urpj ro qrodar teql
lqtnoql su6 I aql ul slslluaps essurqJ 'aldurexo .tol sl3]sestp
lPjnleu ule?Jar plpard ot Luati dlat-j ojseq / tQut I norz
slpJjrJp J elrD toinot^pqaq aqt leqt e€|Pq a,lou n<lluoDs {ueN
'sted tlaql Sutqrle^ a|ult aloLu puads
ppotls / oztq6no / tsnu! ststluatrs sdeqlad,sqenbquee
prpard ol luaLudtnba ]rtluaDs a Euadxa ut SuDso^ul ueql l3qte!
sa)enbquel
al(qy' 2l,uop suelunq ]eql
e^pq sleurue euos lqBrtu ̂lltqe teql r\oltsq lxal aql peau E L
ez
'-^,,,,,il,,;i;iJil
l)U_)vud
'sraMsu€.rno^ aredulol pue alulleJSord
e)ua!)s p uo sledxa aLuos ot uars|I 1.8 
U
80 6nJ1 Inq.SrreJ rS
Listening and speaking
i i r r r r r j 1 i t : t j \ , r t i i t l i r ) \
la Look at the pictures about a woman who
disappeared. Match the words/phrase5 in the box
with the pictures.
3a work in pairs and answer the questions below.
1 Why had Eleanor and clara Redwood left India?
2 What happened when they arrlved at the hotel?
3 What happened when Eleanor ca[[ed the doctof?
4 Where, $/hy and how was Eleanor sent to get
the nedicine?
5 How [ongdid thejourney take?
6 Why was she surprised when she got back?
7 what did she f ind in room 342?
8 What happened when she went to the Brit lsh
Embassy with hef story?
9 What about when she retLrrned to Britain?
10 Did she ever trace her mother?
b Listen again and check.
Work in groups and discuss the questions below.
. What do you thlnk happened to }4rs Redwood,
and why?
. What do you thlrk about the way the hotel and
Brit sh Embassy treated Eleanor?
. Do you think Eleanor was lnsane?
(] s.t Listen to a possibLe exptanation for the
disappearance. Doyou find it convincing?
a prescription for rnedicine
to vanish completety
rne PGgue
Work in pahs. Read the beginning ofthe story and
guess what happened, usingthe pictures.
The'Great Exhibition', Pads 1889. The city was
packed with visitors. Two lvealihy English ladies,
Eleanor Redwood and her mother Clara. arrived
in dre ciry looking for a hotel. They were on their
way back io London from India.
r! lr 8.2 Listen and compare your ideas.Were your
predictions correct?
I Musth't t.^ve lour
molho, it'! v.rJ frgeht,
'e€ ursrdol eqlssnf,slp pue srleo u!ljo/l\ q
'8ulop daq ot paBeueur a ,no,( 1eqt lnrrrrlp .
'MO! 01a eq no,(1eql oSe reof ual oP ot o^eq l,uPlP no^ .
'o8e ee3^ Sz op t,uplnor sFGd .
'lnoqe to8ror lnq '^llu3rar auop o^eq plnoqs nor .
'fofus l,uprp uq ^luolar op ot ppq nor .
- SurqtaLuos
'lldol e olraleads qrPa qrlet{ t\oFq
tjldot oqr oqe3up[elaldoad a !]re3q !^ no 9'8 q9 e€
Peelsur 3^eq p/noqs a{./s
'laiotl aqt ut )awau )aq val e^etl LuPlnoqs )oueaE
^ssequrl qsrtu€ aql , rolrop aql .
raBeueL! latoq aql JouPall .
'auoP a eq luPtnoqs
/Plnoqs /v\olaq eFoad aql ]eq/r $oqe solue es al! A z
uouPall) i\Jols aloq,[ aql Ps]ue^ui rouPsll leql elqlssoo sl lt I
(,{ssequrj qsrt!€ eqt) ̂llnjsrer ̂ra^ fiotrs
s,rouP3ll@9
(auoeuosJ
'loloq oql te pooMPau rh Mg-a5l$rr-Tu-jBT is s
(rl / ^eqf) "uoor luaretrP e sEr^--ii
EtlEqf4i Zr€ !uoo- ol trpq roueell ETEfInEF*qlsdEiFEii t
(^aqf) re$r8a.i lolor.lotlt uro4 an1eu8ls
s pooMpau tih p5^-drlrEr-lt5iETnlrsFlFsodL4 tlAjE]nS €
(rol'op .qt) ,&a&ns stq ol
luaM oqs uoqa ioueail ql4\ rerral e lilStioFoFEqt^jEms z
'ipveqlpp XeMe )oueaE ryes e^eq$nw IaqL
(l(sqf) ̂louaqllap ̂e {e rouPsll
@r
'rl.)pe4 ut 5pro4\ aql ql!/v\ uels &llqlssod
lolePo!! $Pd e3u!5n /v\olaq sPo/v\ PaullaPun aql4!r /\eu !
)peqr Pue ue$n t8 u z
^linl erour
&o$ s,rcueall prpttsa ula eq p4orls
/ .te6!ts.^u! olpeq ̂ssequrl qslti€ aqt I
zuoos os Luooj aql paPlo)ePer
pup ̂poq aqr Jo pasod9lP a^eq t,utsnw
/ pasodslpa^eqLuei t!e51a1oq aq1(1arn5 I
fe ^ oLuos
urrolroP aql ql!/v\ a4dsuo, olpe{
/ perldsuo e^eq $nu )e8pueu leloq aqf 9
'PrPul urorj )leq anSeld
aqlTqBnorg e^eqt16!ut Ie eqtsnu
poo,4 peu ehl lpql a^alleq Mou s sdxl s
'll! ool se^
aqs osneraq PooMPal sJr{ e ealLuPlno)
lllq.^eqr,ue. atl]€tltPles rolroP aql t
)oltop laloq
agl Pqpt.^eq $nu / .,otpeq^aq]
pue Ir laljaqloLu oql flalelpaurul tsoLulv E
'slred ul alqelle^e suroor tsel aqtJo o,{ }
>poqolP.aeueu I nor ̂oql,(ilenlua t z
.q)uall alull
fue^leeds otpeaeue.u lprto' salpel aqt L
'sa/l^sue lf,eror eql esooql Pue 08 oSed
uo &ols eqllnoqe 8rL setuauot Pea! L
'a€[/ro !!ro})e.a.qlor uoFu3De8ulr(pd !.tuaruas 3qr asE erd g
'ane./}o uror)ie.a aql.rlroN:roqt Pu€ uF e uarsll z
-l ^rros {tPa u,t 6
''' I ll Iq el.3l I I
'_ 1l-8eq,\iu rnol s olr 1
_' nof'tlne, s,laqestl,useM rt 9
" t'eraqM^uP auoqd ^u put]t,us) | s
'''.qs 2P,ruvor pauaaaPq t,leq,\ t
't'aur ButID are sooqs;seql €
faql 4el^llPar arP 'luared ^W z
'_Iparoosur,l I
sDUquaE €qr alatduror pue uatsr s 8 q9 !
urelrsr
IllPrSol su$as lPqr 8ulqriuos L
.aoFq suondlIs.p aqr ot stEpour aqt qqeN
'I es!r.x.u!l pu€9 s..ruarGsrelool €
^tr!lrqrssod,o sjepon
-u.ddq
l,uplp rnq pap!poo8 p sp^ ie$8ulqrauos z
op ot&Essarau se ̂1| Sulqr.uos I
'/\^otaq suolldlr]saP aql or stePou .qr qrreN
'!.s!rr.x. u!8 pue € saru. asre)pol z
€s f e8ed 'z ̂pnrs ppat 
{
-etqlssodul
IllerBol suraas 1eqr tuHr€uos g
atqEsoo
^llerSol suaas lPqr SulqFuros Z
uorlpBttqo,o slePoL.t
,(t!l!qe ro slepo,4
oP
ot .lqe ̂Ieni,e seM uosrad aqr Butr$iuros z
- ^ 
rqe leFuaS e L
'^ oFq suottdlDsap .qt or qepour €qlq4el4
'L as! ax. u!z pue L saruaruasre)oot t
aO .ul tnq .5@rts
3f tr)vud
slPPoru lsed
z snlol otenSuEl
Task
UISCUSS tWO MVSTETIES
Preparation Reading and vocabulary
2
Look at the Dictures and read the introductions to
two classic mysteries.When and where did these
mysteries take ptace and who was involved?
Work in pairs. Check the meaningofthe words in the
box betow.l4atch the words with the two stories.
a Solden disc
gangsters
a UFO
to be naited shut a beam of tight
3a Work in pairs orgroups of four. Student/PairA:
Turn to page 128 and read the story of lsidor Fink
Student/Pair B: Turn to pag€ 130 and read the Story
of Travis Walton.
b Make notes on the topics betow.
. who the story is about and what happened to them
. who else was involved and what they did
. important details and ctues
Task Speaking
2a
ltl
You are going to tell your story to students lvho have
not read it. Practisetetting it, individualty orwith
your partner fuk your teacher for any words/phrases
you need. Check any details you arc stil[ notsure ol
> ljseful languag€ a
Work in pai6 or groups offourwith students
who have read the other story. Take turns to tell
your stories,Answer any questions the other
students have.
> Useful Language a and b
Discuss questions 1-6 undereach story introduction.
> Useful language c
3 Summariseyour ideasto the cLass. Didyou atL reach
similar conctusions?
> useful language d
4 Work in pairs.Turn to page 129 and read what people
have said about these cases sincethey happened.
Discuss the questions below.
' Which case do expefs now agree about? What
solution have they come up with?
. What alternatives have been suggested in the
other case?
. Did your ctass come up with any ofthe
same ideas?
. Have you changed your mind about
what happened?
'suo!lnlos alqrssoa
pue slus^a aql 3ululllno toe$/(ur 3qt uoqe ellm :
'eufluo q!elaP
eql q)reeser 'alqlssod Jl ,&e$^u aqlrol
suolleueldxo lueF lP PUP speJ aqluo selou qPH :
'lnoqe ^\oq no^ ̂rels^Lr.i
alt lPei Pro )iulql io l!un slqllo lled raqrouP
LuorJ ̂ra$^ur e esooqf ellsqa/v\ sa/aJsf..rlsse,j)
oqlroj ^lslsfur e uoqe al!r/v\ ol BuloS are no E!
suoluldo sdnoJt aql tulru.sard P
'' rPq13^.1.q (r,ue)) |'^ll€uoegd
Fusdd€rto^eq PlnoM' u3q1 -JL
'" a^e! plnornq3!!! aH
tew {lq lun/^lotllsu.ss 1l
'''.^eq 1,uPr/.^e9 rsnur aH
suoluldo puE suolleuEtdxa ;ulssnrslo l
z 
'.10! roraLtl.'laMoul a^ oPpuv
(a - oqal'3ur pulurir os
s" Prl€lauas a^rq
Mel, 
"uetD 
:udaf
unliotstq oco 01
at a4J UIU €661
$a rr pu" '!p.doltoJ
l€rlM Puz rqstu 1"qr
Jo Eua& rqt lnoq€
liir"r 11 1.r.,r,r dn rvro1lo1
puetsr.pun ^IEar r,uop ;!Lqr auo s, aql
pu!$Fpun nor( reqrtul)|'aqf, q
- 1ou roFqr.qMre.p ^tle.r lou s,1l
_ prjl s a8uers srreltlSutqr auo
'" 1Eql su.as l/ItNarPddv
tpPl aqlSLrlI.F! P
'uo!trnpqe Gir€ prSolte 
Jo ses". uaooJ'rsaq s,ptro4
ro Puo/uv n
rq rzau pa:eaddesrp uorlelq sh"{ D$oa lasdoJ
esualle Aq pepn
:uolleA sl^er
Find out first
16 Work in pairs. Read about the famous
mysteries betow One detait in each
description is incorrect.Which detaiL
do you think it is?
In 2002 the ship The Mary [eleste vr'as found
in caLm waters in the AtLantic ocean. lt was in
g00d .0 dit on and w:lh plenty o'_ood on boaro.
The.argo and vaLlabLes were untouched b!t
the seven crew wefe missing, aLonq with one
Lifeboat. They were never found.
Co onLine to checkyour answers or
askyourteacher.
Search: l'4ary Ceteste /Voynich
manuscript
View
2a You are goingtoWatch a video about the Bermuda
Triangle.Where is the Bermuda Triangte? Why is it
famous?
O Watch thevideo and checkyour answers to exercise 2a.
Then answer the questions betow
1 What did Cot!mbus see when he f irst laiteo Inro me
Befrruda Triang[e?
2 WLar is qtrdnge about ,F a) r1e (h p( d.dppea-l
3 Which three places mark the boundaries oftheTrlangle?
4 How many ptanes and peopte were invotved in Fllght 19?
5 According to the pilot, what problems were they having?
6 What evenr added to the rrystery of Ftighr 19?
These numbers and dates from the video are incorrect.
Watch the video again and correctthem.
. tholsands of l ives
. 100 ships
, MgA
. 1,000,000 square miles
. 15th December, 1945
. 19 nrlnLtes later
Work in pairs. Check youranswers and explain the
significance of each number
Can you think ofany possibLe explanations for the
BermudaTriangle mystery?Would you travet through it?
3a
The Voynich manuscript was writtef in the
15th century. lt contains 1,240 pages of
iLtustrations and information about ptants and
their medicaluses. The plants, however, do
not match any c!fiently knowf and the text is
writ len in a language that is !nknown.
'- si &als^u] eql
Jol uo l€ueldxa SUDurAuol lsoul aql'pu Ll-t ,{L! 01 .
" leql pen&E a^eq aldoad raqlo .
'- leql e^allaq aldood .uros .
''' leql sr ur' ou)lle^ ssal sr leql .
''' lEql u^ ou)lleM s l '
''' ul o8e sres^ ueBeq,Oats^ur .qt .
'no^dlaq ot ̂\olaq rldLlord
oql asfi ̂ra$^!! uasoqr rnoxroj suorlpupldxa
anrssod uo sqdpr8spd o^\1ro euo et!y' 8
qr.leeser rnof dn allr^
sinlets puels r.lse: / Ls earv/.Bueqauols :qrrees
'suorleuelcxe alqlssoc .
snoujel aLuPreq trMoq r
1l lnoqe sllelaP elour r
:lno Pulr ol aulluo ot
'e oqe lsl3ql urorl salrals^ur aqllo auo asooqf q
sanlels puelsl ralsP! ,
ls earv .
aBua!auo1S.
2usqlnoqp,Mou)
no,( op lelll ZeroleqJo preaq no^e^pq qllql ^^oleq
sorpld/sBurql snousts^ul ]o seLlpu aql te )oot eZ
elou ̂qM/'(q/
aleurouered aqt ul a^ort;q no^ oC .
aaruarodx; leu-uouered ro snoua$,(!u p
peq oq no^aLro,{ueseq io'no,(e,^pH,
'ssnrsrP Pue sdnorS u!)lo A
l)oq) ol uleSP q)lPl^.a^rB
re)eeds q)ea saop (xuejtl suosear leLi/\
u..rallrnD
slnl I u.8rnf
{arpnv 9 ,(pua,\
esrnot s lolll
;(o)PsPulur-uado
sie/,,uou) l,uop ̂oql ro (N) ou'(l) ser
rPs uosr€d q)eo saoc ,Zleuloueled
aql ule^altaq noroC, uoltsenb aql
Bu!a/,^sue aldoad ua as q)te/\A O p9
'salou Jno^
eleldluoJ ot ',(rpssa)au ,r 'ure8e q)lel
'sJa \sue areouro) 
Pue s.iled ul}o/'A q
otYE, o9+ s+dtuuuJ
'a)usuadxa 
leL!roueied ro sno!eIful
e oqp Bur)lel ald€d aerql q)tE/l @ es
/v\ar^ Puol
€
z
L
, :" 
^
Reading and speaking
1 Work in groups. Doyou think the quotation is true?
I you want to be successfuI in l i fe, i t is necessary to
' get yoursetf not iced.
Which ofthe actions beLow are likelyto getyou noticed?
. wearlng clothes that are different to other people's
. rnaking eye contact with people when you fi|5t meet them
. relerfing to irnportant people thatyoLr know (of claim to know)
. listening carefully to what other people say
. saying pubLlcty what yo! bel ieve in, even i f i t 's !npopular
. keeping your opinions to yo!fse[f and avoiding maklng a fuss
Read the article on page 87.Which ideas from exercise 2a are
mentioned?What other ideas does the author mention?
Read the afticle again and answerthe questions below
1 Why shoutd you took peopLe in the eye when you make
an entfance?
2 Why shouldn' t you move yoLr hands?
3 Why is l t a good ldea to hold your breath when enter lrg a room:
4 Why can lt be useful to nertion the nar.es of other experts?
5 How can language help you to sound like an expert?
6 When is i t a bad ldea to btuff?
7 In what ways was Rosa Pafks a leader?
8 How are tr!e leaders differcnt from'a lone volce in the wildemess -
9 Why are narcissists bad leaders?
Work in pairs and discuss. How serious do you think this articte is?
Which piece of advice do you think is most/least usefut?
Za
sraMsue rno^sreduor pup sdnorS ur)ron rl
'no^ ot dn qool .
ol dn )ool no,{.
s^es aqs/aq leqM lo tol e on sa)leLu ,
ur a^i liq ,{aqt }eqM ro} dn spuels ,
r lqnd u lno p.ssed seq ,
P,\r\Or) lql UrO4 lno SpUelS ,
roq/!{ ̂ ou)
no^ auoauros Jo uosad snouJel elo )iulql p?
€ldoed reqlo 3urruos notr
]noqe s,I'no^Sur^res e doad leqlo lnoqp lou srdlqeepee-l
lsrssrcrPu e €l,n0l llp ]e repe€l e ]0u {lqeq0rd er,n0r(
uaLl]'n0,(oldn!001 0leldoadroLllopaou no,{Jr puPrepsal
e aq ollusr\Illeer 
"{leer 
no^}l slrllrequreurel 
"{ll?uu 
puv
' 
loM ueql ]P34 0s s.r€Mollol seq rapgal
0q]leql S SSaur0plril aql u e3l0A aU0l p pU€ lapeel e ueor$laq
ocuaDlrptrluo aql s enbe se n0( ,Mol 0l oqM €ldo€d €qllm{
'^lr€alc se€p esoq]:urssardxa uaql pus eldmd eJ un
Il]ear seepr qorq^1 ]n0 Surpul]]n0qe s,il sdrqsuortelar Surplrnq
puP uorteJrunuuor ]noq9 sl drqtappal ureal pLs ualsl
padsd / lo tnaleafaq treau auoaluos ol dn )oo]
i^a laq no^ leLlIt
epDepal[4 I fpnqnd IE sLrpaLU SulqlaLuos ro, dn pupts
suollsanD auaaaas )lt€
/ 6uiflst auoeaasteqlMar) s!paLu auoaLUos L{SnoJql aes
uo leu.roJ!
s,eldoad)eqta asn I lua^utsueaur dn Sulqlauros a)pul
snoDsuoun aaoaaq I 6utqtpalq do.?s sueoL! lno ssed
d loeroL; a 'J ' ;
/ aa4luaal|tp waas suenur p.MoD 3qr Luort rno pupls
€
z
'sqre^ 
leserlld aql lo SuruE.L!
parro. eql esooqr pue eprrre aqt ur9-L saserqd putl
i(l0te pauur notr qtn0rql aas | ,traql
aAPA pUe Sasnrxa rnotr slPlx 'uadxa €er e l€aLr 0p n0[ 
]
ra^arlol] idn ] 3ur)teu er,n0{ padsns } u0^1traql '!adxe ue
ar,no[ lu ql a doad req]o ] 'dn siulql arleur 0l pre4e aq 
I uoc
'upaul Aaqlleqr ARcexa r' ouJl],Uoplnq slqlE splor$ ql|Mrellusl
4e ald1alIsaN e euetl prea?peJed Jsretle7 elrlspror!\ asf
, alqrssoil sP u00s s? sielenbpPaLl I 9t ol poeu I s^9s oLlr\1
auoor1ros ueqluadxa erou qsnu spunos idvsv0H lec 0l peeu l,
s{gs oqMouoaL!0S surluonp pu€ suo ler^erqqe }0 s}0 as|]
i ossed Lnotrr03u01 00]li poq ol]ouDquraDror ]n€,^F^rl
pueluerpereroLu. n0AsaJj9tlrll 1 pl0q uaqlpueu00lEoluirll?^t
n0^ 0r01€q qlealq deop eo{€l d }oldLu ssrq}spueourocer prol,
aql urrl j0 roqlnP 'uoqoc o^ols ur)ileMno{uoqr\ ql€orqrno^poH .
lauraaqllls srqlslr 0^eqoq
no,{j ^puarlun pueJoqenofpurlll]r1^oOq;noq]le)siu q]aseql
0pnol(lrn0,(0lloruel]gorour^ed lh4qdood trfealcpup{MoF
3u lpads pue iuLtrurs'l||]s spupq pLle peoq tnotrtuldaol'poxrFr
]nqlLlFrrdnIasrno{BurploqsupoLu}eql pocrtoueqo}tue^{no^!
snlpls in0{asr€1, o} eop pooS e s,l 'rxo0r e o}urllpM no{ uoqt\
'urpis polooue^o eq roiou ll,no,( pue {ps suodxe oq} }eql peou
iloodsoj orou no/[ l4orls pue uorlueDe aJou no,{ ^ed ol oldoad tue/'l n0{00
t(rt IIJ.
,fie1nqero'
'ura^aleq€qlleqr r0l0np04sola^eqlut00autosl?s]apeal
llV lueua^ou slqBu l^rc uecLrauV aq] polreds aqs os 3u op ur
pue pEsaqs,0n puels0l0^rq pn0qsllurqlt,uopl, srql0p
01posnler 'ueuro^ )ice q I \!red esou gE6l ur [ep auo ? doad
oirl{ 0l <,rq rql uo slpes .,.rt,/ 3 o{ p.-.,d,r,r,x, do.d
)icelq eureqP v 90961 ul ur a^a laq no^ ]eLl^r r0l0n pu4s .
rol puels no^ ]eqr'^ doul
.do,d."l r r^r,q.e o e)pd p pup , o sr4 p lua\cra 5 eo8 tq) .
'Moq s alH auo aurocoq u?J no^ leqlJ€quraurar rap9a :
elrll3e,l,uop no{! oS {efileq}oqotur€a [aq] I€M ]eq] uroq r.-
are srop9ol pooB sulll u oos pue slooq ur pear n0^ teqM a] ds.:
ropeal e 0lrl l3v i
'areql 
],ure oq/,\ aldood qlr^4 anFre
0lrapreq ue^e pue suadra q]^l onirp o] pleq s,l sla eul
asaqluo aur qlMeorie olspLr4tH lqueE tssn!rossEod
/ 0u)l nor{ oc, {es ! durexa rol spuaulrno[ ap ioq] qinoql
sesfadxasnour4olrai€U Budd0rp aurpul0lqeq ea{eL4 .
luqle,o- voq..drd,r11q.1. tPrr-..
l.uo^eq notr ll isrea[ 0l r0],{ep e s.rn0q aarLlt 1n0qp ol tua e^ r::
s,leql turqlus ls Uadxa ue auroJaq tr lsor 0l fuessoJa! :
e3 ]cPrd j0 srnoq 000 0I s^es srrltr,l0 roqtne loipel0uroqe,,
ua0xa uP 0lll pun0s z
'aldoadraLlloolparedurocuolrsod 
leoosrnosrsnletsrn0 pur0
I Mou{aMloqpqM'oure6snlElsaqltred lisa^{r, 0qsoqucsap
euolsuqofq]€y ordl?/'slo]rp r0lI00q srq ul snleFfio,{ssrpu .
'Jloolno^sp luap[uoJ ss ao] r' notr uoos a Lrs pu€ q;rq peoq rnotr
turpFqurlel 'uoql , ruoor eql u,Mo l, Iesrno(0llurrt] urleMnotr
orolag eie notr puotard Juapuuoc pa]],uop notr{ ropp poo8 s eg .
aldood qlh,\uol3auuog siu leo]c
0] rbl oql s,l - e{o oq} u r aldo3d loqlo )iool $eHm s,{e sI?Ul .
'Lloor e olui)leM no^ uoLlM pMorcaql uo4lno pup':
o],uoq s,oFq os'uolss€rdur lsrll e ${eu 0l aJueqc auo }attrluo n:,
03usjluo u? als$l I
ffurfr&@lus -H[HJJftffimffii ffillmld\lflLsi f ; J. fi,rirrffi)t=
I
I
If you w€re a cdtoon characte4
Language focus 1
I'.hi* fltrtN n$r"l-Nsirrl r:rf nl\:irlnsr
'I 
Work in pairs and discuss. Haveyou ever
been to a job interview?What questions did
they ask you? What would you expectto be
asked in a job interview?
a Read the exampLes of weird inteNiew
questions asked atjob interviews in part A
on the teft.Which could/couldntyou answer?
b Work in pairs. Discuss the questions below
then checkyour answers in part B.
. What kind of companies tend to usejob
interview questions like these?
What do you think is the point of them?
What is the best way to respond ifyou are
asked questions Like this in an interview?
3 6i s.t complete ttre article with a/ar, the
or o (no articLe).Then listen and check.
How rnary people woutd you say
thete ate at univelsiry in rhe Utr/
Mexico/yoE coutry?
i l l \ ; t r : , , r1 \ , . r i ! r I l r I r . I : , \ : l r : r i i . r i , t i { r \Lr f l
Lookattheseven rules betow. Find another
example of each rute in the questions and article.
We use a/arwhen...
1 the noun is one of many lnd it hasn't been
mentioied before.
Far nany job seekets, settins a job with a
Fof many job seekers around'-world, g€tting
'- job with 3- top international company {ike
a- Coogle is s- pinnacte of their ambition. But with so
rnany talented applicants how does 6_ company find
7- brightest and best candidates?
'n a - b$ 15 ye;rs rhere has been ,- trend amongst
top companies towards asking'o_ weird and wacky
questions inrr- job interviews,l ike the ones above.
r?- idea of these questions is to test r3- creativity and
quickness of a candidate, and to find out more about
ra- way thatr5- candldate thinks.
Most candidates are unlikely to give16 honest answerto 17
-stereotypical interviewquestion Like'What is
r3- biggest faiture in your life?' But in answering a question
like'What wouLd I find in your refdgerator fight now?'they may
revealmore abour " _ kind o'pe6on thar they are.5o
what are '?o correct answers to these sorts of questions?
According to 'zr_ ProfessorAbdul Khalid, of
z'?- London lJniversity, many ofthem do not have right or
wrong answersi23- most important thing is tackling
'?a- question inteLLigently.When it comes to weird interview
oueqlions, ir seems 
__ 
- orly w-ong an(wer is
'l don't know.'
Z the noun has been mentioned before.
... ta find aut nate about i/re way that the
3 the noun is unique (or unique in that context).
For many jab seekets a.aund the warld
lf Holltwood made a novie abaut you.lile
wha wauld play the lead .ale?
4 the ioun is defined by a phrase orclause that
follows (€n otphrase, a relative ctaus€, etc.).
+ha iaaa -t r|'a<a ^ ,-.h^^.
the kind af person that they are
5 the adjective beforethe ioun defiies it, for
example, i1ht, wrang, etc.
the coftect answel
the fist lsecond tine, etc.
There k no artlcle when..,
6 a pluralor uncountable noLrn G used to make a
Why a.e th. nanhole covers rcund?
7 the noun is a singular proper name.
rl'c Gaagle ,hc Londan Unive.sity
I Read Study 1, page 155
tap campany is thei ambition
L
?rtsq) Pue ua$n 2.6 (g l
'zlnb eql ulsuo!$enb 3qt rad\sue
o1)iro^\sson8 ro ,!3ol 'eBpel^\oq rnoresn rled u|Iro A q
'na's055t 's0l6t u! 9
'rra'zloz'6661 u! 5
)1. nuuos r.uLlns u! t
'rr. IeprnrPs ',(epuoN -uo 
€
'rra laqusr&S qlOZ'qtPN tt]s-uo Z
3u rua^a 'uoouraue 'Suturou -ut 
!
'qroq rc r 'aqr
ql!^r Moteq sesPrqd aulreqr el.|duol
(rlluPllv) suea)o puP seas 8
(sllN) sra^! I
GrEw)sFuetd e
(s3puv)sasuPr ureunou, s
(etroDt^J s.)Pl t
totlxaN) sauNnor €
(ersv, sNau4uor z
(slrPdJ s.llrr t
'SS r .Bed uo r'5 {pnts ur srlasue nor( )raqf,
2u.ql.Draq rH asn aol.q s.reld qr!q/{
o 'egr '"e/e lsn 3a'frr.
'slertdsoq saHsra^!un) suolrnlisut qr!,^^ g
'r irirr iuel? esn aa sellrs,.tdoad qt!,r z
4ljn6tqgnflFI1.666iqEql ','aqr'ueleosn 
aM'sa^|lPtadns qln I
'a oqe Et arlorax.
ut suotrsanb .ql rc .p!ur aqt u.ro4 raqrla
.tduex€ ue pullpuE €-! s.tnr ar.Furol
i\rl:)il.iIl 1{J tLir\ r'r\\\ .rlr\ i.:r.jlrL i ,
€saql ]o auou .
ol uns !.ro4 ecuels p .
'quef,
ol uoour uro4 aeu€tsrp .
'Ll]lef ol uns ujo{ ecuelsp .
''' st sa4suotDt uo rur 9 6tI
Eas snta .
E€S leet8 .
zlsrxs lou saop sEes olmo oJ oqrlo q3tqM g
z,op no^ op leqM 
"pa6lEqcstp, 
arE noi x q
eue6tn8. puelod .
.rqndo8 qcozC . tuP6unH .
l,ur eq noi p noi ,&lunoc q.tq^
'en6erd u 6uFas-lq6rs luoM puE 'surElunon E^purns ul
0u qulc ]ua^'E^plAra^tu uo dl4]Eoq E rolruaM noi]lzuolu!do rno/(
u!!a/v\sue ol uollsanb lnrujlp liolu/Falsea
3ql sl tl)lq/t|ssnrslP Pue slleo u! uoy' .
,ueuroM tEurs ̂rs^ .
lc€sutlcEtq pue per .
i,piq^petE srlPqll
Zoururouj ur lnq
uet no^ sE ̂ep 6!rPs .
,uoourauE ul
'uat no,{ sP ̂ep tsurPs^v 
. .
'rl rlltrr saoS r?qr aFls -oz.?m/r
tq3lllpues 6r
Jo tied tu€tlodu $oo sr s,r! lrvr {rjDvr
4.laprts snaaolb qt^ tr,a aut ,tv)
,aq pFoqs 3t1! -,r 
iurqt nol op Pqd
'nod 
Jo d'{dEr8orq -!r atolM auoauos 
JI
zlno ra8 nol pl.ioa
.{\oq lapualq ,, u tnd puE lrued
Jo azls zr or Truqs aru nod JI
jF8unq pto.^ -,r 3mc no.{ prnor\ ̂,!oH
eALle
no^ lI|^ 'uoouFlre^v.u )coc,o Z lE a^e6lno^l se0rc
",1+
o/rli vlu€aMlaq a3u€r€urp alull rnoq,lqbpw q eraqt
'seleouvso-t uryodr e xvl ol uopuo-l ul
E
z Lod. V MorJrPe-l u-o,l [6t,.'ro]-t! pOJtWl ele no^ 
V
zlt€J ro .qr nuEt -0r ur 
tarct rat?,r -6 saoc
+Br 
-r 
Jo uro$oq -, uo dplatduroc s1s3r
roqr@ -, rBqt qSnoua Suot sl ut€qr -!
'pieoqrao aol| no^ qrrqh prEoq uo roqJ@
-, a^Er{ nol Eree -r rI.L{ paru 
tuBt e8rel
z ur sr qrnlM lBoq Suhor -r rr! ar,no 
I
'^ oloq 4nb eql etald|llor 01 '^iesse)au 6raq/v\ 'saPr e Ppv ez
'lo )o .tF'ue/e) epq)e ]Jd)o)
aql ql!/v\ ̂ oFq suollsanD aqt elelou.ro) eL
1fU_fvud
60 rq8lr ll8uluoC
Language focus 2
Work in pairs and discuss. Have you evergiven a
presentation? lfyes, how did you feeL and how did it
go? lf not, would you like to?
Read the conversation between Sophie and PauL.Why
is Paul nervous?What advice does Sophie give,
0 0r 9.3 Listen and write the missing words
(marked ̂) in the conversation.You may need to
change some other words.What effect do these
words have?
PAUL: Thank you for coming. Before I start, I'd
just like to say how wonderful you aU
look loday ... oh dear
SOPHIE: What are you doing?
Oh,I have to give a presentaiion in class
tomo ow I'm ^ nelvousl
SOPHIE: 1^4ry ̂ arc you nervous?
1 a
1 Look at the words you added to the conversation and
answer the questions.
1 which of the fo! rwordsyo! added go in f ront of . r
adje.tve to make it stronger? car yo! think of ary
other words which make adjectives stronger?
2 What is the dljference betweenJo andrr.h?
3 Find an example ofan extra auxiliary verb that adds
4 Find two nror€ examplesslmiLar to the phrase in bol , l
Whatl needis synpathy ri9htna\9.
5 Which wofds cai b€ added to give emphasis tu
C Read Study 2, page |56
PRACTICE
Match 5entences 1-10 with replies a-j.
1 l'm exhausted. Let's stay ln and watch a fllm.
2 I tike living here because it's n€ar the centre.
3 Thanks for everything, we've had a nice evening.
4 sLrppose you want to see Liz.
5 Whyare we ns de on such a beaut i fLlday2
6 OuchlThls tooth ls painfuL.
7 l l - d l s . l l t l - : s b r o l " r g l a . l w h a t h a v e y o -
been doing?
,olr t-ierd was loveLy. I hope .or I _ re I n ag" -
Come on, [et's go to that new club.
I think you o!ght to apotogise to her
a Yes I wi[ [ . I th]nk he enjoyed the evening as wel l .
b Wel[ , you wanted to spend the day at a mlseLrm
c Why sho!td I apotoglse? | didn' t start the trouble.
d Yo! re welcome. Come agaln soonL
e YoLr know you need to go to the dentist's.
f l o o l l t h i n k l ! . r e ^ e \ a _ r . 0 1 e t , r e a r , r - " "
g Oh, you re boring thes€ days. want to go out.
h That's true, but it gets noisy at night.
i No act lal ly I wanted to see you.
j Don t blame me I didn' t break i tL
0 1 9.4 How can you give the phrases n botd more
emphasis? Li5ten and compare your answers.
1 sentence stress is important for giving enphasis. Li5t€n
again and malkthe wordsthat are espe.ialt stressed on
audio script 9.4 on page 17s.
I m absoLutely exhausted. Let's stay in ...
ah,yau rc sa boring thesedays.lwantta ga aut.
2 Wolk in pairs and practise saying the conversations.
Work in pairs. Choose one of the conversations in
exercise 1a and extend it to six or eight lines.Try to
use different ways ofgiving emphasis.
> Unit 9, Study & Practice 2, page 156
9
1 0
PAUL:
SOPHIE:
PAULI
SOPHIE:
1Mht, Because public speai<ing is ^
ierrii/ing. of course.
Don't be ^ a wimp. There are only nine
students in your class.
You're calling me a wimp? ^ yor! ^
cried in the toilet before your last job
That was ar'l ̂ important interview It
was different.
^ I need ̂ sl,mpathy right now, not
cdticism.
You're right. I'm ^ sorry. I ^ slnpathise.
\//hen I'm stressed, ^ helps ̂ to take
deep breaths and listen to some telaxing
Oh, OK, thank . . - and then you go and
cry in the toilet?
Paull
'.ru!llloqs
e u! urnler |Ll'oLu iol slaq 1Py'A
ZLuelqord e areql sl lelnb,(:a,r uuees no1
-aJe a^l a,teq/v\
'Ilatelpaulul 
l e1s ot tup/r^ | op uaqy'
iPs^ellar os
u,l 'eur, {lelnlosqp ur,t ples ropop srlf
'luorj oqlle )|Jeq eql ql!/!^ oer 
lleqeseq
srq 3uleal^ lorpr up q)ns a)ll po)ool eH
'aul ol eep! poo8
P Ollt sPunos lPql23ulu3^e s ql ezztd
'perof e,reii\ raq lnoqe seaplrnor tnq
.Lr.rll oqt ]e suoruldo rno^ ot ua$ll t,up p I
'ar] qtrM Surreld rol llneJ
Z8uluatslt aql ur a)|^pp aqllo llp.lo
^up qt!^,\ aar8eeprc aorBp no^ oC ssn)stp pue sr!ed ulljoi
iSulqtrue sslur no^jo raqrla plc ;!"::r-
s,raqlo q)e3 pue$Jopun no^ ue] leu!pd rno^ 01L!*;
Moqs uaqt reep ere sapu rno^teql lteql srled u!)roy'l
^ra^rtep,
3uruueld ,
.r olaq strlool eql uo
salou a)ieur pue {el eql ro ued puolos oqr ot uersll 9.6 
{J
u/,^o inor s.l! tnq Jlasrno^ unq no,( Mou) | €
'/!lOU paJJO) SLUeeS leql arelf
' ' {pM slql 
lq alllll p arnprd aql e^oh z
'll lqBnoq 
l rale enoq ̂ a,
p lsnl3u!)ro,{ peddols dotdel^ au /(hl L
'6uoJ^ )o
Jqflr qt!^\ uolsssrdxa ue 3ulsn,{ olaq ploq ur
soserqd aql el!rr!\€.i uiql salnulur i aj p loj
6uotu pue yqbu y1n suorssa.rdxe aq1 (pn15
'no^ ol
Pousddeq lPql3urqt ppq aqt pa rosap no f
'^lotprpautuL,.)eld slql ul 
I '^ 
reJU n/,{U re, euoauos pa8pnlno q
'ueld poo8 e s,teql 3
^Uadord 3Lr)roM louFuqroM slSulqlaLuos ,
^lppq tno paurnt ro pelre] s,3u!.lt^ra^l e
.1uo4 aql
]P sj )aeq aql pue )req eqt }p sl tuo4 eqt
'pero, aq ol stlgas I
'uoos,!aA urnler 
L
lul.lqorc aql s,leqy'
;eu {q lqBu 1e s,pq1
iraq lnoqe
Buo,.r4q3u,{la1a1dLro: erea,r no1 5
'punol ̂pM SuorM aql s,tl 
8 .tq8u 
tnoqe qool I I
ZBuorM s,tEqy' 9
tr ql ̂ SuorM SurqloLr/Sulqlouros s,slaql S
'tq8u no^ sarues leql t
'Mou tqSu ,araq lq3 ! €
'SuorM.uoB s,3ulqt^te^l Z
)req rq3! eq ll,t L
'Fe s3ulueeur
qtlr suolssardxa aql qrlew ueqlouoril
pue lq6rr qll^\OL-L suotsserdxetp )oo-l
OL
6
I
t
z
tlrttn,l.,,r't hg,: it('$,1r
et
P
J
q
Zsetou tu!)eu ro, senbluqrol lnlasn raqlo rup ̂\oq no^ oC c
Burpeaq-qns
uollerAarqqp
Surull-r.pLrn
Surpeeq urEul
3uIq3|q3tq
luloa lallnq
'^\oleq senbluqritaqllo selou aql ursaldLupxa pulj €€
i\ oleq setou eql ol suolpsror o^ l qetu pue uersl.l s 6 
ul 
q
,nol al ato aq n,ln41
?t/t lkaw ol 
"?//r 
?q,, w4 14fu 6 4ma/ 4 polt
Qto/t )o de)
./t"/ ru + Fa ont arok .
lno)2Ftu/r7p.
t/1aodW!odw
i.tua/, o', = bmt'tnt /
s7ra4?!/at d ?n, of M'H _ 7q0/"1e?nq?a
''' )opetold sePlls
leaq tq?lul nor suolFluosord
ol Papauuo) spron q)!q/t\ ttr!peld ,lsl tl .stiolleluosaid o 
!3
01,r oq uo)let plo lled lslu aqt ot ualsll ol Sulo8 ale no pZ
U spreMralE setou rno^ qtlM op no^ op teqy' .
Zslu od ̂o) Me, e lsnl ro setou Jo tol e etuM nof oC ,
2Salou e)El ol e Pq no^
oP suorlenlrs 1e!M ul .
',uo)eq suolFenb eql
ssn)slc sdno8 ur )ro/\ L
r\rii\\ifI I ijli.r{ r
tu11r.r,r,r
0t
lodsprol
@ rqaTtlrSEtrrJg -''''-
Pue Sulualsrl
KMmItr
Collect and present tips
How to prepare for a iob int€ryiew
Howto chooss the right careel
How l0 dross tor success in tie workptacG
How to tearn a loreign tanguago
How to h€ succe$ful in exams
Howt0 impress y0ur cotleagues and h0ss
Preparation neading
1 Work in groups. Look at thewebsite above and
discuss th€ questions betow
. What kind ofwebsite is it?
. Do you ever look on websites for tips abolt things
you need to do? lf so, what have you looked up
recently?
' Which section(s) on this website would you find
particularly usef ut? Why?
. Try to think of one tip for each topic on
the website.
Match the tips from the website on page 93 to th€
correct sections in the website.
Work in pairs and discuss, Doyou think the tips give
good advice?
Read the tips again and und€rLineten usefulphrases
for giving advice.
>
))
))
))
))
))
> Howto manage yolrtime
> How to have a happy romantic rctationship
)) Howto be a good lfiend
> Howto improvs yoursociat tife
)) How to get lit and stay fit
> Howto e.t healthilyand cheapty
Task Speaking
1a Work in pairs. Choose a topic from the websit€ that
interests you or choose another topic that you both
Brainstorm as manytips asyou can forthe topic.Ask
your teacher for any words/phrases you need.
Mingle with the ctass. Take turnsto talk aboutthe
topic and yourtips. Make not€s ofanygood ideas
you hear.
Prepare a short talk, giving advice about your chosen
topic. Reviewyour tips and setect the best ones.
Decide how you wiLl present your tips.
> Useful languag€ a-c
Work in groups. Listen to each other's tips and make
notes on what each student says. Vote on the most
useful set of tips.
2a
. U urBrrolaq {aql uoru€s q)rLlM sse13
^3ql ue) stuapnls ieqlo ol urellr Moqs.al,sqeM
P ro suolDes luorsrtp uo oB ol sdtl o^rj alul .
'uod Solq rno^
auM uoql rapro lelrSol e olut Lloqt sstue&o,sd11
$0q aqt palas.passnrstp a^eq no( spalqns aqljo
auo uo sdttAut^tB,Bolq p Burlr:,u ete no{ aur8eLul .
,^oleq ltdol e esooql L
$u111r46 !n 6e1e1
'qol aq1 o1 s11qs rnor{ qrleu 
lsaq
uer nolrl$tlln0qe Iutql uaql pue,pajtnbat stleqM
lnoqe oJuei\pp urueJ notr se qjnu se lno pull0l uIV ,
l
l
's0urqlssaqllnoqs
s^uelJasu0i IlJrpl stluallJ l0 ta,(0ldula allIJ0dsud
Jn0IlsLll auJnsse 0llsaq s.y 'r(puatalyp rrroul noi(
l[Ufl Jta 's]leu '/fialF^aal alfl s6utql]noqe 
apoJ ssalp
i e a^eq suorlestue0ro lsotu pqltaquauar s,(elr1y 9
|uileq lue saop Is^auqjlqM.lueu0dut )aal u0slad
i raqF aql a)jeuj n0,{ Ilpu0ras.urealq Dunlfileaddp
. nol',(1trg sgglauaq or4 sprl srql 6ur0p ale,{aql +eqa
i 
sri{ou)iollm auoau0s Lu04 dlaq Jollse pup 03uej0u6r
I rnolll,upe 0llallaq iels.ll.0p n0,{ leql pualsjd l,u0p
r uaql 'u0ltPntts Jelnlued e ut6ut0p ale nolleq,r
I 
fioDi l,u0p noIll .dlsq l0l 
lse 0I ple4p aq Js^oN g
1I
r 'sa,{a rno,,(
I urale sqlouatls itaq leq,u pue pnotd no,(sa1eu leqm
I arupe nol leqrr : uaql lnoqp lsorlJ 0I|] n0,,( pU stll
pqft^ oDl iauled l00I lal 0) Atunlj0ddo ,{Ia^a alel ? 
i
'Jlls|]eai aq qIl oS.auo atenbs
lp )jJeq n0,{ s}nd pue.saunfututsllnsa] u€Uo stql
'il)|Jrnb 00lss0l00ld puert} 0l sta)ipts 
u ltsselj auo g
'sllnsat 
Iseq aql a^atqte sljsd €lqeaoeueu lleus
oluru^rrop $jsel)iealq 0qr,4 asoqlpql s/l oqs queasau
'upl0 uorstlai p!l0s ie0l3 e e)ieu 
0l st lut0d jtspq Fou
puelsllaql ss0tsnsostulrxeuLlrrrllpea 6upe1s
pue 6utuueld 1J0M pJeq lluoleql aat6e spadxa po4 7
i 
.Ieartquo tsnjl
j 10. €lstsuol p utsieqaq l,usa0p oqM uoslad p u0
^lai 0l pieq st asnetoq ,spuaul anl6[Dieul 
l0
arueqt 0u spLl uosiad Nau0qstp V.lsau0q aq s,(efilv I
I'm so
fed uP
Speakinp
Sriggestio-ns and advice
1 work in pairs and discussthe questions.
. Do you know anyone who is fed up with
their job? Why?
. What advice would you give them?
2a rl 0l 9.7 Lisa is fed up with herjob as a PA,
Listen to her conversation with herfriend
Amy and choose the correct answers below.
1 Lisa wants a job that is betterpaid / morc
live[y a nd i nteresti ng.
2 Lisa / Amy comes up with the idea of
becoming an estate agent,
3 Amy thinks Lisa has the rightpersonal
qualities / the fight qualifications fol
thejob.
4 Lisa is unenthusiastic I intetested but a
littte unsure about the idea.
5 Amy suggests appt ng forjobsontine I
contacting an acquaintance fot advice
b l0 ll 9.8 Now Listen to Lisa's conversation
with Jenny, Alex's mum. Choose the correct
1 Je^ny is unwitting /happy to advise Lisa.
2 she says that q ua tifications are / are not
the most important thing.
3 she also mentions ,nte ior design /
computet skills.
4 Her main suggestion is doirga
college course / getting some part-
time experience,
3a Try to complete the sentences betow from the
conversations.Then tisten again and check.
Conversation 1
1 Any ?
2 This might sound a bit strange, but have you -
3 You ought to , you know
4 Yeah,
5 You lool online, I
6 Or why into an estate agent's and just ask?
7 | know what you
I why - have a chatwith her?
Conversation 2
1 I 'd l ike_aboutcareers.
2 l just wondered if you've got _ about_ do?
3 You should _ look into that.
4 To be honest, is oersonatitv
5 Obviousty, to have good computer skitls.
6 l woutd recommend _ ,
7 You knowwhat lwoutd advise? _that you try to get
a weekendjob with a local estate agent's.
8 That's a reatLy good idea, _ of that.
9 lf I were you | _ to allthe estate agenCs in the area.
10 That's great, thank you, yolr advrce.
b 6-i g.g M"t h th"r"ntences in exercise 3a to the categones
below. Then tisten and check.
. asking for advice and suggestions
. Siving advice and suggestions
. respondingto advice and suggestions
Practise sayingthe sentences. Do any phrases sound
particuLarly forrnal or informaL?
Work in A/B pairs.Turn to page 129 and act out one of the
situations,
4
u0llYesr'1
'AIaJTJUTS SmO
'uoos no,{ ruo{ Suumq ot pr€,{\roJ 
lool I
'no,i3TiiisjEiF_Slltrl lua tp $rr ustrrr ue pu)uE
u€c I{ Xu?duoc nod qtr.,! osue }q8rlu }?q} S5i5ng5?I
Smqro-Tltmtfuei roJ oru toprsuoc plno^\
no,{ Jr lrgeler8 oq plno.r T pu€ pesolcua sr AJ ,{J I
'5itqo. $5i-5slT-T-{6lful?Jftrlplder uer pu?
siiFF IfPoTS-mql] s4rpF stoITII€ siImrtfoEd
poo@:
iroJ lro^\ ol e{ll
plno\1 t ipqt (uEdruo)Jo eclft eq (llJerr sr sr.txrc-
'trdrrEdlllerolu-5it-55l5Tn-qm^pto_J6prletc.up
<sjJ-r?-l:5i?t r\5tr e 5.lj mlmq-eolrrrlos
arr-.ftFfu6rfq,lijlEn] J Eu Jluorn) ur t.
'uo-mns€fJ.l'sairl}Tdlo
@
5]TRbur o-lq;urtu$ ur€ I pue'urllv ecll sl Ju€u (lt
lunH rr\l teocls
,\(9 ts.I,
'spoo'I
'pu uolleu 8 9
' 
Pl'I slolxoc
'ro8eu?r^i eqJ!
€I02,{eI,{ qlgl.
€t998t 0fl r0
(dI ZS'1
rsp00,1
'peod 
IIIH
'lmoJ u€.C 
8r
rauF
rno^]o Uerp leurl e 3lu^,\ uoql sra al s,la$:
r.pP6 ))eq) pueFuued p ql^\rengl rno^dp,,rs
r€llel.rnoi
ur asn o1 z asr)Jaxe PUP Ja 0l s,Esll L!o4 s€se.lqd ,
o r Surl.rM e-e 10i
]eql^ueduror sqt tnoqe Fes ol a^ltrsod Surqlauos ,
qofreln)l!ed slql rol esrseqdLu.
01 elueLladxa pue stsarglu 'sllr)s 'sarlllenb aql
'rellel rno^ 
rc
4erP $r!j P e!r,! uaql ^\ol.q spepr eqllnoqp lulq- a
'lZL a8ed uo lueuraslta^pp oql ot ̂ldar e alur^ 
€ 'LUslleurnolur
alueuadxe )roi ro] serlrun oddo ro sd qsuralu
^ue s^eq ̂aqlrraes 01'aulze8pur -/e, ot atu A Z
',}els ssles Jol
saDuere^,{uP e Pq roqll aas o1'uopuol ut sdoqs
ssqlop elqPuolrlse] ]o uleq) e ?sano 01alr/1 L
'euos.rad P
lUaAU ! rO 'llasrnol aqj€qllo ue) no^ s,es!i ol telluls
lal]3l e etlrM Pue ,,v\oleq suolldo eql ,o euo esooql eE
qluerl )Peds oslP
Pue'qsltBu: uauul^ pup ua)ods lloq ul tuonu ure | 0L
f11aa,14 6uu7sgqn4 ut
.rotlpa aaure4 p roj tuaurasFro^pe rno^ ot ̂ldor ur 5
gaqsllqnd ile.u5 qtrM
luoLue)eld )roM qluolu-o,^ 1€ pot€lduror e^eq I I
'^llnlqlpl srno^ 'LuepeN/rls resc 
I
alqPlre e aluauadxa )ro^ roJ salllunuoddo
ro sdlqsurelur ^ue a^eq nolraqFq^i o.llnbua ot 9
3ulule{
slllls ̂ aN'sruauadxa la^ol-dollo eee^ uat qttl s
'uorlPullolutraq!n,
^ue orlnbar no{}r qrnot ul }eB oseald t
'3utte)leh u
reerel P ensrnd olSurdoq ue pup sarpnls sseulsn€
ul aer8ap e ro res^ leurl aql ul Iltu..lnl oc I E
a rlell||rl
jo slol L.lll^^ uoged s^rlPar)'1r,Lreu^p P r.lrP I z
6 sal)uere^ rplruJ s,(up ro uorlrsod slql L
z,ry\oleq s.serqd aql ̂q pa)plde-r
aq uel lallol sq] ul psullepun saserqd qrlq,\
2asol)uo aqs saoP esle leql
z^uedLuo) aql uoqe,{es eqs saop tpqy'
2liaeoq lnoqe ̂es eqs seoP teql
'aolaq suolN3nb eql reMsue
PUe s, a3p elelsa lerol e olre al s.esll peau !
Jallal SurJe^or a^llelnrads v
z
L
3u;11.r6
NEWSPAPERS AND
UK n ewspa per readershiF is
decl ining
MAGAZINES
In lhe UK and th€ USA, l .b to id! '
higher circutation than !roadih.i
2013
2010
2000
Themagazinef i thihehiqhe5t<ircotat ion
in the USA is for peopLe over 50.In the UK,
i tsaTV t ist ingsmaqarine.
In G€rmany, i tsa car magazine.
In Canada, it's a cooKng magazine.
In most newspapers,
covet€g€ of foreign
news has decreased
and loreign
(orresp0rdont5 have
tost their jobs.
By contrast, there
entedainment news.
50
.g
s
r{;*
l '50
:rv I
iLr5lrxGstL_
.i.1,.
i i
A P q
Reading and vocabulary
I cooKrxc
Work in pai|5 and have a race. Scan the media infographic and
answer the questions beLow
1 What klnd of peopLe read the most popuLar nragazine in the t lS-
2 How rnuch time do teenagers spend in front of a screen?
3 How much of our onllre t lme is spent on social media?
4 What has happered to entertainment news in newspapers?
5 Who is most likely to watch a horror fitm?
6 How much video is uploaded or downloaded every rninute
(be carefutl).
7 What kind of newspaper is most popular in the UK?
8 What sort of programnres are probably the most popular in Ind :
9 What sort of website isTwitter?
Read the infographic more carefulty and checkthe meaningofthe
words in bold.work in pairs and discuss.Which information do yoL
find most/least surprising? Why?
U lou {q/\ /^qr'A llu rd
e)eldar Flstalduor r.^. llrM lel3 p )utqt nor oC .
Z^aql arsM leqM 5a,(
]l zlauralul oql ot soePl^ {up pepeoldn nox a^eH .
2^q/ Ztuouereld pnpord e) lsrp/a)tl no^ oC .
2e PaLLr leDos uo luads 5 lpql jo qrnur MoH ;,{ep
o8ele^e up uo la8 no{ op ouj l uoorlt qrnLLl MoH ,
J^qM 2^r1uno) rnoX
ur eu ze8eu.r relndod lsolu aqt s )urqt no,( op teqM .
2a^eq s ql llr^ pPaur tEq/\
z3ulllE] sl uorlelnlr l r.deds^ au )u qt no,( op ̂q/U .
'r\ olaq suotlsanb 3ql ssnlstc q
'. ,60/9 oapr^:outtuo E
'.. ,olralP:surlrt 
Pue Al z
" 'eurtpea{l :seu zeSeur pup s.todedsMau 
L
;)rqderSorulaql
urorl s3urpesq oarqr eql ot ppe ol spro^ etpeu.t
suvrl
!96002 3c000r 3s00!l 9s0002 cs0000
eroLlr lo )ulql no^ uel.sdnotS leus u ;::.. 1.
-!t s)iav dtdaed ra ja. e \u:\, -ot-: . -
'!e^ sue ra!/s _,:
JLloslnoqP uorlpLurorul stourtoltaulJedrnc. 4-
'sleMsue rnox erpdluoa pue leulpd / au p qlt^1>r:e :
uo .e r )r r xe.j8 ! r.lt .lr.v l..r-l(ppo.
d qsrar::
elP L ,(lt\o L p Lr.\A aL.TpBpr -o p o ::: ;
\^o.ls \_,1. E:. :
alrsqaM erpsLu-lp los relndoo lsoLr.r a_:
luaue)eld Dnpord q]r/l u-ri - :
se ras eu.rerP relncc: : .
/J -:
ei€do deos relndod lso(r] eql lo aJu€tpne le3re1 ;--
^ oqs luelel /... :
Ill!.::-
a3era^or lo ]ol e pe,^lalar seq tpql lua^e slocs ! .
'^rlunol rnoX u:-
BurMolloJ arll lo ssldutex. ro )iurLll pue slred ur uc!. :<
sresI000'S
uPqr 6002 ur EtPp
'dnorErsqs -
ueqt arour Purauc -
ol 06Iaqt'?z-9r r-
r3lPru 3re stlltu ralr
rol.ruelpns F6-q an!
rEt||| 
"'"#';"';"
'tranr,!,[ 6 a]Iep tua^o
tunorrP 6u!58onor!.u e
dn l3s etdoad uontrur EUO
'e!pau to urro]
a^lpr.ralu! lsouJ aql s!I
'€!p.ur tltro3 uo lusds
sr aLurl sutruo tle Jo %sz
iuo|]tlru lgl
sr urll PUoE s.ure' I
u!rer e ro, tu€urarPr prt ll
'lllllls
slPqt to tsot{ ,{ep e €utllu..rrs
Jo sJnoq rnol ot dn la6 satrlunol
.(ueur ut sra6euaol 6uno
II/ B II
srrods E lo e6gl.^o) sD' 'pu ptpaz MoN pue erput!ppeueat
'5€!J.. EEelp e 
lo opostd€ u€ srlr,sn €ql0t eDdo dE i!
,o apoeda ue sr),n sql urr€^a Moqs t p€qrleM lsoui a{l
3Nt'tN0hllll oNvAt
Listening
Questions about the media
Work in pairs. Read questions 1-10 aboutthe media.
Which thr€e questions would you most [iketo hear
an answer to?
1 Who contro{s the nedia?
2 How can I protect my privacy onLine?
3 Willwe stiLl read newspapers in the future?
4 How has the internet affected the wo{d of media?
5 What witlhappen tory in the future?
6 Does the media reflect what we think or control
what we think?
7 Does the media portray women in a negative way?
8 How does the media infLuence us?
9 What is the future of books?'10 lsTV bad for chitdren?
rl0r 1O.1 Listen to an interview with a professor of
media studies.Which qu€stions do the caLLers ask?
Are the foltowing statements true (T), fal5e (F) or is
there no information (Nl)? Listen again and check.
'I lhe term mass media' includes the intemet.
2 h tne fJtLre. there wiltbe fewer than six major
media corpo€tions.
3 Newspaper editors used to be more powerful
4 We get aLtour news from big media corporations.
5 Media is more inte€ctive now than in the past.
6 The top-ratedTV show in the UK in '1986 was a
soaP opera.
7 Tabloid circutation has fatten in most countries.
Are the things Monica mentions evident inyour
country?
Choosethree orfourquestions in exercise 1 to
discuss.
That might be
what I said ...
I'lu,t it wasn't what I meantl
When public figures talk to the media, sometinres
the words don t quite come out right. Here are
lome of ou! fa!'ourite examples.
I 'l owe a lot to my parents, especially my
mother and father,'
Australian galfer
2 'The lead car is absolutely unique, except fd
the one behind it, which is ideniical.'
Fomula One l\lotarspaft cammentatar
3 'll you exclude the killings, Washington now
actually has a very low crime rate.'
ex- L4ayor af Washingtan
4 'Were you present when your photograph w6
taken?'
Lawer questioning witness n court
5 'Smoking kills people, and if you're killed,
you've lost an important part ofyour lifo.'
American acrrcss and anli smokng campatgrw
6'l 'd l iketo play foran ltalian club l ike
Barcelona.'
Eritish footballer
Z 'The word 'genius' is not applicable in foolb*
A genius is a guy like Norman Einstein.'
American Foatballer
Match reported speech sentences a-e beLow to five
ofthe direct ouotes in the articte. UnderLinethe
Darts which are different in the reDorted versions.
a The mayor told journatists that if you excluded
the kjttings,Washington actuatly had a very low
crime rate.
The lawyer asked the witness whether she had
been present when her photograph had been takerl
The actress sald that smoking kitls peopLe ar'rd
added that ifyou are killed, then you have tost an
important part ofyour [ife.
The [awyer asked the witness how his first mafiiage
had ended.The witness reptied that it had ended
with death.The lawyer then asked whose death
had ended the marriage.
The minister said that he didn't knowwhat he had
said, but that he knew what he thought and that
he assumed that that was what he had said.
4a
Language focus 1
Reporting people's exact words
Wo* in groups and discuss. Doyou know any pubtic
figures who ar€ famous for saying things that don't
make sense,when speakingto the media?
2a The articLe above contains some unfortunate quotes
that have been reported in the media. Read the first
one. Why doesn't it make s€nse?
b Work in pairs. Read quotes 2-13.Which do you
like best?
851 aBPd 'L .rtpe.rd € ^Pnls ',o! llun <
'sur€rled ssorls ol uo rlu.}lE :u rfed 's.r!.lu.s
.qr 3ur](er €strlerd glL !;pd uot.O! 1d!trsotpnEle)oo]
'Pres uos.d
reqxo €q1 lEqM o^el.q 1,us.op r.le.ds .q1 F.t:ns
quau4Elsqrtqm sruau.rpF eroLu rq:r. or uale t t.0 L p_l
2!D$ed ss€[s aqr ut a]uira#tp aqr 1 reqn
z€ ro v :qrnrl aqr tu IIsr st etqq.o qutqr oq/y\
'Ples€qFue *Lt^^ Sulrodar lldoad oMl or u.rsn 
r'01 
ul
'pres 
tlenpe se/!{ leqa Uodor
Pue suorlPsrs^uor leurSuo aqr 01 uarsll z 0t. 
tg
€l.lduor!r !P todar no^ op aoH p ar!.luas tp )ooi
asluaualPr:
lo s.L3s P rroder no^ op aoH a pue ) saruotlos te )oo"
,tar a)rt suo rrafi.t! ol suiddeLt leq^\'. aruetlos re )too-
?!ra€ds P6uod.r !
,o! a)rl saserqo aurt ot s!.caP! leq^|e du.ru.s re )oo-
Zsuot1'.nb P.rodir
Pue D.r P le.MFq rapro pros u .r!arallLp .rt1 sr leq/ri
lsuorls.n0 P!!oa;l
i]nPorl!r suoLrtrunluo L| Lt/ 'p 
P!e q saruiluas 1e )ioo
a.lnr aq101!o 1darx. !e srqt sr^qA\ r .r!a1!as }E )ool
Zqr..ds paroiar u s.su.t !ra^ 01suaddeq ^Iera!.81eqr,,\
,\\\$
€
8SL o;Pd 'L fpnrs pe€r I
;qreapqrlM a):l.rualu:!
liiri\i'
uetailad -<a
, pes
leqM s,leq] eLr.rnsse I - ar' '' pue )iurq]
l lEqM I ou)l I lnq pres leqM ̂ ou) l,uop . c:
-ree^ ̂ro^f :sseul M
.lEaI leqM :ra^^\e-l
'gL I nf :ssaul A/\
zLll.rq lo elep rno^ sr ]eqM :.re,4^\el zi
lusptsad sn )aa)c:
, ecead lnoqe 6uq el llleel ele et\ lel ]noqe
tlle] a/n ueqr' leql Mou)l ol no^ lue^ lsnl I. i i
4aleurel e ro eleru e srql sEM reAA\Pl
'prEaq e Lllr' lqbreq urn peul ]noqv tsseulM
.Mes
no^ uosred eql eqlrcsop no^ ueC ,e^r' el 0I
.1OL9LUOAAA) lleqlAA] qSUrS
, sacelreql uo1l ees uec no^' l e>lrl l,uop
uor]rsoddo eql pue lole selqqup la^eld srql] 6
z,il pepue Llleep osoql^ puv ,eI^ € l
qlEop qlrM :ssoutrM
.pue eoEureur lsrl,r rno,( prp MoH :re^Mel €
'E.sDFva ur a-r
saru.1!as 01 Suurarar 'Motaq suotrsorb aqrraasuv oppr
are s.Sueqr snoDe^ ipres ouoeuos reqM uodar aa uaqrr
zPles alooao Fqlo
ulep sraleads aq1 op leqy' sarnpld rql le )ool
'q)eeds
Pallooer olul al)ltrp aql ut sstonb raqlo aqllnd
\'?i:
p
,:j
01 ?lp€r\r
t)U_fvud
Language focus 2
\I,ilr'[ir, t$ul\: riuwllillrirritilr.". u,hili: gr,l'n$\s riil li
1 Work in pairs and discuss. Doyou watch ceLebrity
interviews onTV? Do you know anything about the
famous interviews in the photos?
Read the text on the right about two of the most
famousry interviews of aLLtime. Comptete the text
with the phrases below.
confessei to making admitted being
admitted that
invited Rich.rd Nixon to be explained thai
accused her husband of having
b 6i to.s Listen and check.Why do you think each
interviewwas so shocking atthe time?
Read quotes 1-€. Can you guess which three are
from the Diana interview and which are from the
Nixon interview?There are two extra quotes,
1 My politicall]fe ls over (accept I deny / invite)
2 had b!l imia fora numberofyears.
ladnh/denylrefuse)
3 | let down my friends. | let dowr the country.
\invite / confess / accuse)
4 l'm not golrg to ta[k about my private [ife. ]tt too
petsonal. (admit / rcfuse / confess)
dontsee myself beingqu€en ofthis country.
lexplain I invite I deny)
I did not commit, in my view an ... offence.
Diana, Princess of Wales
When Diono, Pflncess ol Wo es,wos inlerv ewed on lelevis on n
November l995,shewos slillmoffled lo Pr nce Chorles Dionor- 
in ovewilh someone else during her morroge cnd'- 
llre reloTionship hod been rnore lhon o frlendslr pA t . e 5 0 m e I T p r r e _ 0 . , o p " o o ' s " . p ^ . f t r n t t F :
w0m0n ond _lhe stress hod ed To on eoling disorder.
Coming irom lhefuiure oueen of Eng ond, ih s wos exfroord nory
The hou ong nleryiewcoused o medio siorm The foliowing yeor,
Diono ond Chorles d vorced ond lwoyeors oler,she d ed in o cor
croslr n Porls.
Richard Nixon
ln 1977, young Brl sh repoder Dovid fto$ "
\confess / deny / accuse)
7 | can't tolerate it lthe medial becalse it s become
abnslve... \deny I invite / accuse)
I IoJld yo , |(e to say a D I rtore dbou( l l-e.r:Tes
you cornmitted? (/rylre / explain / tell)
b Choose the best verb in brackets in exercise 3a to
report each quote,
iniervewed on lelevis on Ex LJS president Nixon wos reported lo
hove been poid 5600,000 p us 20 percent ofthe profits tor his
invo vemenl.ll become pehops lhe mosl lQrnousTV nleru ew
ot olll me ondwos even mode nlo o lim,Nixou lrod esigned
lhe presdency n 1974 otlef be ng occused ofcommttl ng
In the nleru ew, Nixon "_ ihe crmes ond 
7_ 
ne
I oo oo1" onj rir !t ., r rol .lou"e e€ t'p tuo er re
Amercon peopie down ond he o ol ol bod iudgmenls.
The inlerv ews Were huge y successlul ond mode Frcslfomous.
1 Theverbs in exercise 2. summarisewhat people say
without repeating every word. t'4atchthem to patterns
1 verb + object + t at assure someone ihat
4verb +preposi t ion + gerund
5 verb + objed + preposition + geru.d
6 verb + infinitive (with fo)
Tverb + object + infinitive
2 Check the meaning ofthe verbs below Match each veo
to a Pattern in exercise 1,
suggest recommend claim
agree apologise
btame offer point out
I Read Study 2, page 1 59
.suo!$0nD 0ql
r.^ sue Pue)se Pue 6zL aSed ol urnl uaql saseri{d
oqt8ufpn$ salnulur /,^a, e pu.ds srled u!)i.ro A q
'eL osluaxa uol,
saserqd )iet pue )pads ql/l4 sluerBelp oql atolduol eZ
2ra/ sue no^
],uo^{ ̂qy' :ra]srurl4 'uo lsanb alqeld.rle ue s,l :V
lEJOTSSOJO-dunSJreq 3rE nol"
'Suluor$enb 
ro aurtsrqtotpaho I puv
'FFaapBror s,na teqtjananE aEllmq fros urlr
21da))e no^ PIP q)nur ̂\oH
'Pdelll dLrluue op 1,up p ̂lrlrur:dp t,
l-aF.CnFnq e se^^ tts aqlrq e l,use ̂ t! nq
'^suor,Lr sruos rco')e p p | )Prrlonil s,]r'ss^, 
llay' :g
zleql oP artrP.p
slql a)el ol ql rid^ pFal € roMsue ou.ro so{
eldurrs e a^r8 ot no^lueM sjaua$llrno irelslurt{:V
''' se q)ns
senssr lLelrodLLl rroqe,ilet ol tLeM uorlsenb
le.lt raMtue or trula8Tour,-r,l lrq &,os ur,lz :g
Zieoolo^op Alaoorc eql'ulPqdul\ln€ i^ ulolr
{euoLu tdarre lou ro,Cplj roToI p.C, uor}senb
slql no^lse ot a^€q Pre4e L!,1 lelsrurh'os:v
'PAUU.raPun s! qrlq/v\ uolleurojul eqt uodar
PUP ue!)!1!p0 e ql!/\ /v\e!rualu! ue Peeu srled ul)iro/l
'elonb qleaJo aSpssau uleur €ql uoda.r
usql elonD qfee tooal ol qJa lsaq aql asooq)
:g
)raqr Pue ue]slt 9 01 (9 q
's$onB Ituqalal
qlr/r^ s^ ar^r.lul sarnteoJ Moqs-- v EL
lPn e ulsaPls
o,^ l aLll uaa^ lsq suoFelloBau alp - oread 
ZL 'slurel - 
uo uoaq l,uo^eq
^eql'u3qt aruls'ruaLun&e aBnq e peq (aqt LI
'srlool lueuoorurun
tnoqe uo 4Psre^uo) ,(lpu€ U, 'srllod sl-IeuS OL
'^lrlrlue)rs 
ro
L3.s p;q ol oerip,suo) uauo srlssrno{ ol -
ol no,()sp {Eur aldoad'talnb fue^ sl arlo^ rno^rl
'ltsnul uPqt
reqler s/ alruolu! pue sul-auoqd spq orp€i - 
I 'ssnrs!P 
ol
lupM oldoad ,o slolpahns e sr lurod v 9
'uraql lnoqe sBurql
poo8 ̂Es no^'auosuros lo rlqBrq norjl S
'SLrruapreB uo
uooxa uE s,eq :moqe s oq teqM tl oul eH t
'luesard ale s.raPrslno
uaqM ooqs ol sennPellor lroM rol ePnr r,ll €
'ueeur feqt teq/i fll]exa
^es ot plP4e r,ust purur roql oqM ;uoeuios
^es no^ teqM ueqt lue]lodluq e.rou.r slop no,( teqrt
lpql supsur,spro/\\ ueql Jopnol- suoll)v,
' et )o ryads to
uro, parro) eql qIMi olaq sa)ualu€s oql alolduro) eL
.Yl?t Pue {Pads
(aabe I as6olode I puawuodJ
'eure8 leql uo/\^ e Eq 
flnoqs ey' tqBu s.r,no^ )urql OL
(puaawoa/ueM/asrDre)
'no^ €ns 
ll,l'/\€r^er s np8eu e elui no^j o
(as6opde/hllo/eabPJ
'u-ielqord srqt otul)ool 
ll,l pup sl ptap eqt€ur e^lD I
(fuap /asnld /ssaluo) qnp eql Sur^eal
,o uoluelur ou s^eq pup araq Xddeq,ia^ ure I
'orntnl,(u lnoqp ualun ueeq seq teqi elldse6 I
(.te!lo / tape / aaeg) qsqgn)
os seM u{u eql leql llne} s,ro])orlP oqt se^ lt 9
\tsa|ua) / llal /asnJd) 'ssenB 
| 'qofs q Surop Fluo se^^ aH ̂uoLuaia)
.rerso aqt tp reqder8opqd aqt tlq p1p I 'en-rt s,11 5
(eulelq / asbopde / fuap)
.sn lo].tro^ plnoqs no^)ulql 
lllls I
lnq epeul e^,eM sa)elslLu aqt lle.tot fulos ̂lleor Lu,l t
(puaww@ar / ure^ / )alJoJ terlB
s,ll Lul[ Mau,(Lu oos pue 03 lle plnoqs no^ lurqt | €
(al!^ut / esD)e I ssaluD)
'arnlnl sqt ur ell ol enurluol 
llrM eq PUP
'tsed aqt ul pel seq aq '^ ou Bur^l sLralsru Lu aq1 Z
(reJla I fuap / $e66ns) ii uo rol upal
^Lr.r tnoqe a^ltlsod Sulqteuos str^ no^ l,uop,(qy' [
lueP! lod e ro'ueet qiods e jole8euetu
.ql lels LullJ e :euo qrPs Pres oq/\ 'elPeur eql ̂q
pouodei araM qrlqM ̂\opq OL-L salonb peeu eZ
1a^o se^n elt le2ltltod slq le]]t palda))e uaxtN L
'qJeA peJrof, eql Sulsn
3]onb q)Ea odoi pue e€ as!,lerc le ule8p lool L
ilBSdS
or qpaw
todsproll)U_tvud
,N,N\*,,N'.:l'uol\\\\llii\
Discuss an art ic le
Preparation iil rl ,iti intr,ir r. ,f , ri!lri.rliri.,ri'
Work in smatl groups. Look at the photos and headLines.
Make three guesse5 about what each story is about.
Look at the words and phrases in the box. Try to guess whjch
articte they are from,
\\,N
1 a
rorensic investigators
violate someone's privacy
undermine pa rental authoriry
the Advertising St.f iaris A!thority
graphicviolence
ratlngs
2a Work in three groups. Croup Ar R€ad articte 1. Croup B: Read
articte 2. Croup Cr Read erticte 3.Which headline (A, g or C)
does it relate to?
Reed the articte again and memorise as much information as
you can. Compare whatyou remembea with anotherstudent
from yourgroup.
Task l)i1:rr,',,n!,ir r,i1
You are going to 5ummariseyour articte to other students,
then l€ad a discussion about it. practise summarisingthe
arucle with your partner.
> UsefuL language a
Think of at least four discussion questions to ask oth€r
students about your article,
> Usefut language b
Da you think employers should try ta find an about
candidates' personal lives?
What da you think abautvialence on f\/?
Work in groups ofthree with students who read other
articles,Take turns to summariseyour articles and ask and
answer your discuss ion questions,
if ijf{"fftrUtri";
1 a
2
'suoluldo r nor Bul^13 'qd e.t8ered toqs
P etlr A P6s9n)slp a^pq no^saPlue aqtro eloul.io
euo lnoqe Bolq e uo 8ultueLuluo) a.te nox eu8elll L
l$ul:U,r,,,1,,1 dn rvrolloj
'lorl€uoJm strn pu?@.p
ol enn o. sJ{otdu: ,t!€u 'uno. m pe$4un
surud srqr .trqa ng \$qlo Jo .{.?^ud aql
s4elou oqe stql s€ 'suoBe$.^uo. surruo
el? ud ped ot ro s8nt1es proassrd ro.] lsE or
p36t rcu st tl 'r.^aaoH SunuN{ qof !.qa plu
m E6q dtq?qod pFoqs .a lel0 Blqlouos
sr strD p@ (qdu?y. roJ .o8ed)poq..eC
no,{l muop .rtqnd lqr u sr leql IRu4eE
rp.q. or F8.t s' tr ..ldupx6 roJ .VSO.qr !I
'3m{n. ,{@duo. n.W 
ry( ur tg ltra
oqa rcsad peplnoqpa R $ eleppuec .qrJr .es
or 3tr root .(iuleru ? .{eql ]ew upti sle,{oldua
slorr€iulgnb lnoq€ pq p?q sepppuRr reqr
Sme o.sp sla rr F^edoq '3ullled preq u
sEA uo4Gf.J roJ @^i3 uosed uomo3 Ea
:qI el's SuDFoar.uipoos e uo punoJ q
l?qa uo p.seq.replp@r ! p.Farer rnod.'6.
.^q I5q1 1?(1l lup? t!.rDd 0I pmos qAno.F
- .!o.uor .rrq ol ro! suose.r roJ iuDtoot t
X.ql 1€q1 fu.p sFfotdu. rsou t.{.,rc E
ile3et u..$ ! q
ietqetd.c.€ srqt sI aroJ Suppot I.qr re r€q $ .\
'..rsn!.,Jo u8rs € se stD1.p proassld r.iopuEq n
s.rEptpmc qol?upFE ee sledotdu. .ltulsl.E
pw 'itooq..€g uo s6d,{otdu. 
Frru4od lno lr:q]
slep.saqr sedotduaJo ts..l3d 06 p@ r'r
u..4eq u.qa,{@ 'ped no,( leqa lltpu.d.q
'qo,d.$ ?r^ Er€lduo.
01 elqrssod.uIoieq sEq 1r s.l?o,{
tueoer or sE 'BursEalrur laoq
sEq slo^pe lnoq€ sFr?lduorJo
requmu oqJ 'rueluo. snortrrer
qtl^! o,!rr pu? 'rlctrd eqt ssorr?
l€. s pq5in FII€qiooJ 
" 
qcrq^\
Er auo pepnlcE slur?ldrqo.
Jo sroqlunu e8l?l pa^to..r
retll st€^p" req0 ,{]uoqlru
pluerBd euluu.pun ro
moh"qeq s.ue+tqc a;uBq.
or r(tqrlun se^\ !.^pe .ql
leql peFr ,{eql :}uBldruo3
oqr ptoqdn rou prpVSr/ aqJ
'u.rpliq. Euotue srauu?ru otq€l
peq e8Bmosue pFo.\r tr l"qi
poluoa ale,{ qu€l9d ,{u?ur
.sn€.eq slurctdruor IZ9-I
proser ? pe^r$.r '!9002 u
ls?3p?orq s€a qclqa !]l3.rp.
srlJ pooJjo IIq sqlnou n3q
qll^\ Suduts sla)Fo.^\ eaus
-II€. Buraoqs !a^pe pooJ-lsg r
^lFq.e se^\ aurrj IIE Jo ue.\F
tnoqe pourctdluor rsou lql
8uoft{ ah pFo,{ llql l.^e,roH
,{u€qdselq ro 8uu?r-f,.
'e.uolor^ 'xos pourcluoc f5S
llql riutqr trtq"qord plnoi
qureiduoc lsou eql prsnrj
sue^p" qrq^{ Smssani
6uo,{uv alull ["Jo s!a^F
e^rsuoJo rsolu eql Jo lsrt I
peqsltqnd seq (ySV) &uoqlnts
sFepu€ls Surswe^pv )n .qI
'spuau! prE ltrD\'iog
$ q.ns s06 ptr€ s08 eilt uo{
s.runo^EJ pto Jo suru.r s?
I.^ * sa^laasnoH .ttuadNae
s.tFs Surulu8trot:qr..unet
qRnH iu@rs asroll e!ue{
Iertp.u.qr apnt.q siu'r3r
.praplroa dor qrh saoqs r.qro
'.pEu u..q.d?q saposrd. 
0!Z
rero IItut usorls o.aqrsnfseq
s.ras qr€I ?luE 0002 u sn aqr
uI p.rl€ lsru sla rI'.praptro{
s.puno.0s u.qr arou ur
uollu 03 lsoute Jo a.u.pn€
uR srru]]E rr r.^raoH a.uatorr
puu x.s Jo s.8€ur .rqdu3 str
roJ sdnoiS ,stmrEd {q p.srrrru.
u3.q osp $q Pue-erejnr.E::
3u1.q roj suedxa eJnod i:
pasr.lllr ltrueib.rl sr s.u.s .rL
'.io3pr^. Sotur@\:
,{q s.uF..^tos oqa srorEirrsa\r
.nudoJ Jo urot ? $rnt€.J IS 1
'sD.,{ uanas rsEI eqt !r pr !i
.ql loa slq rr 6ur'r q{g .qt sr :-
'Ie^rts.J uoKr^rt.l
otDl .ruol t eqr re .prapltor-
sSurrer tsaqtq :qr rol prE \\r
.ru.rpnY uosrnatef puo'$u.rl-
.qr qrrd petuasard s€a'sei.l
sq !r res sr q.rq^\'aoqs.q-l
'urEBE s.u.s 
AJ p.q.r?^\ tsoE
s.ptro^\ eqr sE p6u?! tr.aqs
(uoprn-'rs.^!r au..s.uuJ) rsa
Find out first
1a Work in pairs. Do the fitm and
photography quiz betow
2a
@
?
When was the frst 3D fltn tnade?
a 1922 b 1970 c 2008
wlren were the fusi moving colour
UnageE produced?
a 1849 b 1902 c 1938
'when 
was the fr3t camera phone
ifivented?
a 1997 b 2002 c 2007
wlen was the the first photograph taken?
a 1726 b 1826 c 1926
'When 
$,as the flst aligital carnera
created?
a 1975 b 1985 c 1995
When was th€ lhe fi5t bfktng flIlr made?
a 1887 b 1907 c 192?
When tyas the first DVD solat?
a 1976 b 1986 c 1996
Go ontine to check your answers or
asKyour teacher,
Searchi first 3D filrnlcolour film/
camera phone/photograph/digltat
camera/talking motion picture/DVD
WEWWWS@MW,@MruM
NMDFHWNO@&$PWK
I
6
View
You are goingto watch a video about d€v€Lopments in
fiLm technoLory. Before you watch, read the definitions
betowand try to choose the correct answet
stow-motion footage
a filmmaking technique in which the action happens
slower / faster than h rca I life. This m eans that you ca n see
events in detail which norrnalty happen too slow / tart.
time-[apse footage
a fiLm m aking technique in which the action happens
slower /taste. than in reaL [ife.This means that you can
see in detaiIevents which normally happen over a
short / Iong petiod.
a time-stice photograph
a 2Dl3D record of a moment in time.You see a single
moment in time from one angte / many diffetent angles-
O watch thevid€o and checkyour answers.
Watch the video again and answerth€ questions.
1 What did Eadweard Muybridge show for the first time?
2 How many frames per second is a) norrnal film,
b) slow-motion footage?
3 How do you make a film that shows fruit rotting in
30 seconds?
4 How do you take a time-slice image?
5 What might we be abte to do by the year 3,000?
'" slrol]lP salrDnPurrul 
] aql q]|q/1^ ul/(eMraqlouv r
''' sr poo^ {llo€'PooM,{IoN e)rtun .
. . sr aaLralalllp Btq laqlouv .
''' slsor u{u
pooM^llog e " slsol urllJ poo/!\(lloH e seoraqy' .
''' ̂e A eqlursarl!elluilsraqlnj erp areql .
'. sellsnPul .alql IV .
'nof dFq ol r\oleq sldurord
aql isn saruererjlp puP sallpellurls Oql aslrPLuurns
'q).re€ser rno^tnoqe sqdeJSered oi^l ro auo au/y\ 
1
qf,reasoJ rno^ dn allrl
PooMIlloH / poo/v\{lloN / pooM,{llog :qrreas
Lr]eql salller' oq^ Pu€ Plos are surlu aql Moq .
saurt/to$ lerrd,(l '
[r$npu1 q:ea ur yo,u aldoed ,(upL! ^ oq ,
a)pur ot qet sullr aqt Buol ̂ oq pue qrnLlr ^ oq r
alPLu ^eqt sllrlrl lo pur) lPqM .
a)Pur f.ql sullj,(uPLu ^ oq .
paterol are ̂aqt araqM .
:slurod Suli olo, eql]noqE selou qeh seltsnpu!
urllJ aql lnoqe arour lno Pulj Pue.ulluo oD
Coo,l{"{l-loH Poo,!\-{lloN OOOA!{11OS
z^ oFq
s3ulsnpulurllj oirql eqtlnoqe ̂\ou) nox op tel.ll
Z,(ql 2no,{ passardLUr,(lreln)rued
e^eq surlrJ ur sllallo lellids qrlqy' .
zslrole leDsds
aql oqe ̂es {eq} leqM qtl^ ssr8e
no{ op 'os 
l Zuorluau ss)eeds
aql su.rl! aql ]o ̂ue usas no^ e^eH .
'suollsanb
eqt ssn)slp pue sdnor8 ul)iro/\
'selou rno^
alaldLuotr ol (ress.leu r!urpBe q1p/\
's,ra/v\sue areduof Pue sdnorB ur !o/\ q
'alqPl aql alslduro) uraql 
Pesserdurl
spata lel,3ds eql qrlq/!\ ul urllj P
uoqe 3uDlel aldoed e^!j qrlPn (] et
/r^o!^ Puol
What if ... ?
, I How wou d the world chanr. 
' -
' learnt to communi.ate wlth .--_
species, like dogs or cows?
2 Whar rl we had the po*er ro --each otherl thoughrs - how
r 3 lmagine i f everyone could cho: i :the i r ch i ldren! appearance f : -
wou d the human race change,
Commen!
4 Suppose thar men could give bi=just iike women - how wouid r':
5
6
Inragine that a harnrless drug wri
invented so that we no ong€.
needed to sleep. What wo!ld r:
+1:+
What if people had to pass an eE-
before they co!ld become pare.: -
how would society chanSel
Language focus 1
I Work in groups. Read questions 1-6 on the website above and
discuss the questions below
. Have you thought about these q!estions before?
. Do yo! evef think about othef quest ons l jke these?
2 Work in groups and discuss whatyou think woutd happen in the
situations on the website.Which things wouLd be beneficiaI to the
world and which woutd be harmfut?
'suoseeJ 3u!^!3 isEap! arpduor pus srled u!+o/\ l
LgL aSed 'it {Pnrs Peex 
I
L jlleqM
. qst& ̂ ea 
I
:sJoEnr s tueu teura).PonJro'
P3sn a$qa^\ aw u! $serqd .rou 3.rq1 lspat rp pull t
2suo!1enrF sseql ,o sa)uanbasuol
r(reur8eurtaqr ssnrslp or p.sn sturolqra qrqA €
-s12o9s MaJ e F6 pla 'snlo
]q6ho\r I ea sPuau] rno teqM ]no punoJ eM ]l
1oo) os a9 PtnoM
| - Pelue4 ttPa +ad ^u ptlM M.ut t qslM t
2suo|lPnrts /0PutBeut 3qr .q!)s.p
ot P€sn s!.sua1qlq,u Motsq $tdupxs.qrle)oot z
zarnlnlAusssio rc rsed 3ql
ut suoqenrts tu rur8eur! a$qaM 6qt uo stdoad sqlaV L
'/\^ol.q suolF.nD €ql r.rcuv 
I
lasrno^ roJ saru.ues 1q3!e lseel t€ sleld|.llo) q
- Auo fiI{sr!^ r
- uarpllqc/srseed/Eulr€d/spu€rJJ,{ul r{era r
- 3sn€caq - (6sooqo) r ltllrcns €8€n€u€r
reqlouB lBods pE€ pu€a o.r€€E € e €a (u€o) r}r
- (ecl/e €O I tisla I
'sscuB|sunc4c-&l€repun (re eu) r
_ Gsooqo)
I 1l€d luslEnrlEEr r€cls.u 6uo ]ttsrd (@c) r r
- qtlaAts rssaq (eq) r qsra r
" esnmaq
- oq or (ssooqc) 
r d€p € roJ uo€I3d
€noul€r E rrlua €3cErd (3.3u8q, u€r) r JI
'plroa eqlul Euq1rtE€ roJ _ (aEu€qc 
rou) I
''' (aauEqc) 
r ocu€rEadd€
^E Foq€ 6ulqr ouo (o6u€qc E€c , r
- 
JI e{ir (oq) 1I r€q,[ sul5€u4 ua$o I
"' (eq) r {uFi1 r I€rIIrnE ,{uE (oq prnoc) r II
II
OI
6
8
I
9
t
I *o ,
*>ItL uif'TfJf3,'*
e
z
1
'slql ̂loqs lPql quou.,ruor 
Pue 9iL suoFenlls
u! aSentuel .ql Ip eullopun suoltenlls ^reu!3eru!
lnoqeBulllq aJe ollsqe \ eql uo.ldo.d aqI t
Z^qA\ Zqry,^ ear8e no^
luop/op stu€llLuor qrlqi ssncslp pue srled ul)|lo \ q
2ssatdxa ,(aq1 op
seqs!/r pup seaplleql j8u[eFuroc ^eq] elE ao]aq
sous]uas q)rql .l0o30 . tl ol u.lsl t,tt (g e€
'seep! r no^ ereduol pue slled u!Iro \ q
'U3ddsq pino.,v\)urql no^ teqi oqE el!^ pue
9OL a8ed uo alrsqar\ aql !uo4 suoltpnlls e^tj.sooq] eZ
2(uaddeq) teqM
- (pauueq sq)- sle) ro dlqsiauMo e]e^trd
aqt teqt peq os (taB) - uotullod 
lt out8eurt I
zsos lA,rourr-u
DUP sPlo) lle rol (p0-0^o)slp aq)
arnl e Jl lusrarlP (eq so^I Jno) MoH 9
zsa^llrno ol (a)pur t0 - aruerarllp leq^
-lours lo asues ou (a eq) sM,!leulSeurl S
z(aq sl)o#s eqrJ ]eq^
- slo rp ol (,1 ole lou) - saldnor esoddns 
t
Zpasssrdep SLlissl re^s
uorj eldoed (do]s)- leqt (patue^ur aq)
- F^'^ o ' r":,:','n /5n i' rt -
roq €
Z(usddeq) 
-
1eq,111eauu 3ulpa uo4 eldo3d Suruupq Mpl
e (sspd) - uauula^oB eql 
tpqt sutBpL!l Z
2(e8ueqr e]rr)
-,1 ol.l - ^laterpeu.rLursn (urnq)-tl
reqt Buo4s os {suor3q) - lns aqt 
Jl tprl,^ !
'st.)rerq u!
sPro^\ 0q1Jo ruJo,lrsJror aql qry\ serue as aql
atelduo) /v\oleq l-L suolpnlls ̂rpulBpur peau
i€aprwuS € qrns.q p noM
srqrdns ]ou u.l eu,Seui tblrorls Mlrr ra3 p,.M 5n
,o 1q8noq1ltFar spus,JrJno r€qa rno punot aall
arlupnoa 4Drnb lr]dd p.luaNreq ptnoaqr]tq 3u!t8
jo rpM ss3tur€d e $ant I ion]r se stqr ljuo Jt tO l
dtruual
'Punor)ool
no( I Supuerd p?q ol anp sre suatqdd EpUd aql
Jo rolVru.rpd? auioFq orEuruurJo uoDDUtFnb
,o puDlouos lo3.do.d reqr auB ir turqr t(tFnDv
f,tudal
ssen8 | ,usr|eq,uu?r ql xq E pot lqSru rt 
at r.uptnoA
'u.ql3uBea uo llEr orrJnrurp rtq ?.q ptnoa rl
'uaqr qrh rEqr r
3^!q or |oor os.q ptnoa rt 'P3ru?a ltpal llqrrEqM
pu!:uDlurw daal.!rr€q^\ Maut tqsra tpu! eE)
o^^r pu€ 8op € ro3.4t Ft$ op plnor aa qsh l[Ea I
r| FFqEr
iou ou bN issoq
atquroq lu qr$)JoarE unoq alou p@ds or. Etl
ptnoa I ']. np,!a^ot,tu Japun srnoq .soqr 
lE p!.ds
ol.tqP aq l.uptnoa I iaFlroq aq ptnoM stq])ut!r I
) ,(l€)
tr
6 s-LN3HNot
zauou seq qrlq/\ zsluauruo,
o q seq uollenlls qr!q/!\'3tsqe/,^ 3ql uo 9_L
suolFnts /CreurBelu! ot /tlolaq sluaululor aqt q4et{ e€ 1)trfvud
Interfering with nature
Sixty-five mitlion years ago, di nosaurs were roami ng the earth when an asteroid struck. causi ng drainatic ctimate
change and wiping them out, Seventy-four thousand yeals ago, eady human beings almost suffered the sane fate
when lllount Toba i n northern Sumatra, Indonesia erupt€d, triggeri ng a ten-year votcanic wi nter a(oss the planet.
Gtobal catastrophes are nothing new. blt for the first time in history, humans inay be maHnq the technotogicat
advanaes to prevent 5ome of th€m.
IIIE IIIRTAI FiOII CLIiIIIIE CHANGE
Ctimatechangeis aused bythe Solutiont!vo: stjruptlreoceans
extremely hiqb tereb of dangdous rirettectua tVedtures, a company
l" r ' rvF(15i4 ! r0re l r loronba'
particula{y adm djoxide (co,) sLobar wdminq, h;s pop6m
Itisestimaledlhaiave,ao€otobat i...-,-^- -*.-^^ ̂ ,.. , , - , . r " " , r r ' fc iLbPs. each' oDoJr roo ne,re to 9 r d u. I
tuo and (y degcer b! tL e e lo o ' r ler ro. r . rupr-poce. . .Why.
th' rentury. eaUt1owlheefl"tu youright oewoloe rng aourowe
coutdbedtastrophic,butaEwe wanttoOottrisi,qqam,tneanswer
awaeof the posjbLesotutions? jsscientjfi cattyvaul.Thebottom of
th,"oceanis atmost fteezins and by
' ' . ' . . . ' ' . ' . . : - l t i l | ' n q ' ' . 0 ( o ' d w d l e l a o r t d ( o n e
to lhe5ur la.e dnd dbsorb heq and
ctaryasi tsoonds,aEoupof C0, ,a idsocooLrhepEnc
a6de-ilsFomBriti:hun;versih€s -
o ipe. 'e ld Lo Dva rLoeDd.(oon. '1o ' t '_erb:rnr pLd i \ @l i rve ychso
"ou.d 
punpe ro 'nousq.r r i i t$ anorecnn?ry0o$-_D_'w
oftoxicchemicals,auchassutphur Risks:thetubeswouLddisruptand
djonde, iiio the atmospherc. po$ibty d$ircy ra life, and tlre
Surprisingty, thereis goodscience phn maynotwork.
behind theidea. ft e chemicats
wo!rtd form a prote.tive liyerarcund Solutron thleer stoD bumino iosit
theeadhthaiwoutdrcftecisunLight !e!5
andsocoottheearlh,muchtikethe Thisisundoubtediythebesisotuijon
effects ofa votcanjc suption. butisiieatty tikeLyto happeninth€
cosbaround$l0bittionayear. neainrire?
BenefiirrthisplanwouLdproduce Costlunknown,botintheshortt€in
atmostjnstanrfesutrs. iiwouLdprobablyinvotv€qLobat
Risk: rcLGdoes have alnostwip
outhumani\rinihepstthrolgh Beiefits:ifsasinpteaid€ffective
thetoxicchemicalirete*edinrhe plai.
Risks: it may atready be too lrte.
without 6djcaLaction, ihjs pLan
could j6t mean'do nothing'.,'.s!i"ir,i,T1ffi
THE THREAT FROM ASTEROIDS
h 1908, an asieroid measuring
about40 metfesin diameter (quite
smaLttoran sieojd) struck sibefia
and caLrsed eiomousdamaqe. Nad
ittanded on Beijinq, NewYo*, or
a ny oth€r li rge cjty, it would have
desboyed it. 5o whal p€paGnons
shoutd we make ta preventtuture
Solution orq buitd a huae nuctear
&ob
ftsa simFtesolunon: use a nudear
bonb to destroy an approaching
stercid. This solution woutd
probabtyworktor snaiter astercids
buta huge nudearbombwouLd be
needed for lrryer ones, and thatis
a dangerin itselt Whatlf the 6ckel
faited and rhe bombfeLtto eath?
Tlre other danger isihatthe ast€f oid
nright not be desircyed bui wolld
split into two orthrcebig pieces.
Then w€ wouLd have notone huge
probtem butihree bis, Gdioactive
Cosi: bittions and bittions of doth6.
Benefi ir: it may be our onlyoption
if there *n'i much tire before an
$sksrdowe reatlywantto buitd a
bonbthat couLd deshoy the plineil
Solution twor buitd a qiait umbrett!
r! !!r!e
American 9eophysicist H Jay i"lelosh
has poposed bliidinga giant
umbretliin space, one kjtomeffe
wide.Theaim is notto siop
astercids €inin9 down on omhmds
but nther to coLtect and focus sobr
enersy, ratlrer like a maqnj[,in!
slas. This ensqy could befocurd
on an asteroid and overtime, it
woutd deit€djt away fton ea'th.It
wouLdtakeatLeastayeartowork,
Cost a few biLtion doLlau.
Ben€fi isr itwouldr't b€ a dangerio
Risk5: it miglrttaketoo Long io wo*.
soLution three: do nothina and hop€
Auyexpensi!€ solutioi has
probtems. rse decide to blitd
a hugenucLedbomb ora giant
umbreita,who pays? Who contrcb
it? Sothe opnontodo nothinq
is always tlre simplest aid most
attEctive. the qu$non is,isittlre
Risks:ifan astercid does threaten
earth, we won't havethetechnotogy
E'
l i .
:::"i*
nd
'Bu ruJp ̂ 
lpqol8 lralfal / u! aseeDu! ue asnet
/ 7t.tte uo ZO) a)|'lsaspB osnoquaerD s
'dnldet 
/ readdeslp lua erd
ot slopel8 aLuos Sulsne) st aBueqt alpurtl
'uo)Tnllod SeqLua 
I u! asea)ru! ue sesnet
/ otsaTnq!4uot auelddae ̂q Suttla^e{
'1113|luns
peaar I Tequo / arnldet t,uop seqlol) )rel€ z
-alsel^ 07 eTnqyTuo)
/ pelle / tue^eld ot sd9! Surlr^)ei !
.(s)le/\^sue peror aql osooql 
€
'Buruutem 
1eqo13 ol salnquluor pue
quee oqt slpaq q)rq^ lLlSliuns palJer ol st stql 9
'Pas eql ul qeluloq)
)rxollo lunoLue sql uo lredul:ue e eq Ll)lqM
'sluelo ees Aull u! aseeDut ue sesne) uol 
aql s
'sesn u^B eqt qllqM ̂tplrlrals
olur t! urnl pue posn erp {eql uaqrt ,{3raue
eJmder saurLl)eu Buluunr pup so)tq asDraxa oq_L
'rele ̂ Jopun leiddeslp 
llri puelst loql pup
sls^ol eas pejle lltM eBueqr aleLull) leql lpo] ̂eqf
!notAeqaq ugar8 ButBernorue
^q eBLreLl) ateLulp sleqLuo, llrrl^ qnp-ole ue s tl
'a;ueqr eleLullr luo^ d sdlaq q: rqm ,,{lr:upala
ueal), otPreua8 ot rateM otuo tqSttuns pauer ̂aq1
'L es!)J3xe U!r-e Sa)Ualuas ol g*L
suoseer qrleu ueql r'r'\oleq ploq ulspro/6 aqt))eqf
'eas aql otrurlap,rod uor 
lo sauuol a^u tnd tstluolls ,
'qnp aql oi ap^r ro 
)lPM (oql
l! sarl ro, u aldoad sl.l uopuol ul qnplqBiu auo a
.slltq ^lD!Dol€
^ ol ̂lqrpsr)ut seq 3uo) BuoH ut ur,(8 ouo p
'vsn eqt uluasoc o^efor,l
2{q/ 2pro^e ^latruilap no^ plnoM uotlnlos qrtqA .
J^q,^^
zOsooqr no^ plno/ tealqt qrpa rol uoltnlos qJrq/. ,
2$alFr8 eql st )ulqt no^ op ]earql qlrLl/ .
'suo!$anb aql ssDstp pue sdnorBlleurs u!)rol\
'oser qrea uls!uoltnlos pr!qt3qt 
tpt{^ pue qlo^\
uollnios qtea Moq ̂lpexe sp.lor\ u,,v\o lno^ ulutpldxl
'u!e8p sarnpld eql le 
)ool pue lxet apq^\ aqt peau
'olqlssod aJaq^\suoseal. 
!B plnoqslauled lno
'e€ eslrexo Llolj suo!$anb tliql Jeu]Jed ,r no,( 
)sv
a8ururp \ qrnul a^eq t,uop a^\, ,(essalau eq ,(pul .
z\s.r lgedl dq1;/eq ol sLrse\ .
2plorelsp Sutqreordde ue,(orFap I,uplnoM .
2sa^los 1r ueqt slualqojd eloL! aleelr lq8lLu ,
zasooql ol ]se see aql s .
isprolelsp oLuos uo )roM ̂luo plnoM .
:lsluotlnlos q:rqy'A
€ tuePnls
jspalla.pls a^eq PlnoM .
ae,\rt oA\ ̂e,^ aqt aSueq) ol a^eq a^,\ ueeut plnon .
l^Dtrnb )ro,a plno^ .
2eqdollspte) tuele#p e slparl tqSlur .
2u,al uoqs aql ul ueddeq ot,(la)llun st .
zernleu ul suaddeq leq/^ satdor .
:(sJuotlnlos qrrqy'A
v ]u3Pnls '^\oleq 
suo[senb ale!.]dordde aql ta,vrsr.ry splo.ralse
lnoqe uolDos 3qt pee!:g luapnls a8ueq) aleurnr
]noqe uolpas aql peau iVluapnts.slred ut Uoy'A
)raqr ol ̂lreuq
]xal aql uels zeq lqBtLu uollnlos sqlleq^^ pue ot
salepr .lnprd qrpe Lualqord q)!q,,\ ssanB no^ uel
oJeds ut elarqurn lue!3 € 3utplrnq .
quoq re€l)nu aBnq e 3urPlrnq .
suearo oql dn 3ul]]tls .
areqdsoullp eql olul sle)luJaqr rtxol Su durnd .
. \oFq seoP!
eqt qlP\ sa.rnprdaql qrleh salnprd aql lp lool pue
uorpnpo4ut aql pe.t .soluls ptorolsp pue eBueq)
eleurl, :sulalqord agaqljo o,qq uoqp s!ilal3qI 
?
a^q^i pue sauo qrlqi 2eL eslraxa ulsr!.lqord
eqlJo ̂u€ tnoqp /Olo,u no^oC.s.Ied utlro^\ q
saru p^pe tp)Solou qrar slEluraqr 1xol
qanl t ssol Sururnq ,Grau3 relos suorldnr€ rtlerto^
sla^.leasBursli sqluoq rpapnu reMod pu|M
a8u€qr a1eLlr, sslEnbqlea d, a)iuls prorarse uE
2(s) surelqod rno ol
suorlnlosro (d)a)e, sBulaq upunq lpqt sLuolqotd se
u€3s ̂Iensn Aeql slv.xoq 3ql ul sosplqd aql le )|ool
t
eE
aql urrol.llo q)eo ol ]xau eo]]tLu 000'os€ are araqf
^ tll ot uotlpu ejtluo Jlaqt e^our ol sueld
ruqeur ele llequt) Jo puelsl iql ro sluaptsar eql
'ettqM 
Paluled aq
ol e^Eq s3utplrnq ^ ou uo sjoor teu lle,eturollel u p
;aq Plnot q)P3lo, uoseer aql
)urqtno^op]eqi .^oleqsalualuasen4aqtppeu 
!
si$ssi)1}{t"t{l pt"{$:l i,}:}[.t$t:u\"
flelnqeron
'spunos pi o^ pue sssrrs ot uolruaUe tur(ed
'spioM aqtSutr(ps aslrrpt 
?r€q) pup ua$q z.r! 
U 
z
ouprto^ ]ueJio arnleradlla1
3rP]lfs r€tos rltlusrs .^peo/per
rearo rpapn! t..l uoDdnF
rfpsor'rp rprxo p .rtdo4s€l€r pror.$e
ipass€4s s! qqpp(s q)tq^\ U ̂̂opq sPloM nre-
/6rue!rs aqru!p$unouoi €ntq ulq. \o^.ql.rei oF !
tulpeex
Task
Discuss a controversial issue
Preparation Listening
You are going to discuss three difficutt cases ofmedical
€thics. Look at the photos on Page 111 and the key
vocabutary betowTry to gue5s what each case is about.
Case 2
attention def icit hyperactivity
disorder (ADHD)
easily distracted
0epen0ency
behavioural probtems
long-term effects
Case 3
a lifetong smoker
a life-threatening illness
life expectancy
value for money
the taxpayer
the aging poputation
6D tt.g Listen and checkyou. ideas.
wo* in pairs,How much of each case summary can you
complete?
c Listen again and complete the ca5e summanes.
Read the fact file.\lr'hich case do you think each fact
relates to?
Task Speaking
Ootion A
1 Work in pairs. Choose the case that most interestsyou.Think
of thre€ or four arguments for 6nd against the surgery/drugs/
treatm€nt. fuk your teacher for arry words/phrases you need.
> Useful language a and b
2 workwith another pair. ExpLain your arguments for and
against, and discr.rss them with yourgrcuP,Tryto reach an
agreement about lvhat should be done.lfyou have time,
discuss anothercase in a similarway.
> ljs€ful language a-c
3 Present the arguments for and againstthe case, and your
conclusions, to the class.Whatdothe rest of the class think?
Option B
1a work in two groups. croupA:Think about
the arguments lol the surgery/drugs/
treatment in each case. croup B:Think
about the arguments against surgery/drugs/
treatment in each case.
work in pairs with a student in your group.
Think of as many arguments as you can for
each case.Ask your teacher for any words/
phrases you need.
> usefut tanguage a and b
Work with other students in yourgroup and
comPare tdeas.
Work in pairs with a student from the other
group. Discuss each case in tum,givingyour
arguments for or against,Tryto persuade
your partner ofyour side of the argument.
What is your reaL point of view? Compare
your views with the class.
> Useful language b and c
Case 1
to be bullied
seLf-esteem
Peer Pressure
plastic surgery
to prescribe drugs
2a
a 
-- 
rqnous :uotlsanb ftI aql
raleqep cltqnd 6ursnec s!3se3 3ql ̂q/l^
:IEs sluouoddo s,Z rO leqn
:slrctunEre s,z rc
:spa3u
luaulFrl pue queaq s,x sry\t
:punorqcEq leuosrad s,x srl
lHvl.!wns Ssvc
:slusurn6re ureu pue aor^lo lulod s,raqre, srH
rsruaurnore ureur pue /l^3l^ lo ltrlod s,ieqlolu srH
a 
-- 
FF- 
':uo4sanb IaI 3q1
:paq!csard lueu4e34
aql pue Lrolllpuos slH
pUe punor6Iceq
r{ULuel s,S ̂oa
,^'uvL"t|/"rns 3sYc ( P rp).er8e i uop I
{ q1i\) ear8P.{tieroj
rnq'!Pau no^ tPq/i.3s
Eur..rBesrp/Buraar8v )
''leLtt 
taat tlnq rol []]os{teir ta!}
'tPr DPrd aq ol a^eq no{)! ql
' ot RlorM 
{terou s,j uo!do^uul
,' 011q3r aL{ aieq ptnoqs aidoad 
)urltt I
o1 P.^1oll"o a! (r,u)Plnoqs.Lls/aH
uotuldo rno,ttudr9 q
(ales s []a:rns a'1, rc! ro raLtFqa lo uor]sinb e s,r
i(pt'.p aq,lo s1q3! aqr inoqe req/t1
. I laq.!F'.ts Plnos aoH
i{u rl
!o sDau. uril Buot ar.^1 aaql) asoddns/lr req^\
$ute8e pue ro, sruaun&v e
a"- FF.!s :uorFsnb I€l aql
- :suosEar pue uorrlsod.sluaiEd r-F
:suose3, pue saqsrr' s,)l ssrfl
: cla'36e punor6l3eq s.y ssrl/l
^uvwWns 3sv9
Language focus 2
HypotheticaI situations in the past
'I Read the quotes.which do you most agree with?why?
Never regret. If it's good, it's wonderful.
If it's bad, it's experience.
Victoria Holt, author
The stupid things you do, you regret ... and if you
don't regret them, maybe you're stupid,
Katharine Hepbutn, actre ss
2a Read the text on the right.Whose regrets does
it describe?
b what words do you think are missing?Turn to page
126 and check.
3a The sentences betow refer to hypothetical situations
in the past. Try to guess the missing words.
1 she se d ves' i f asled
her out.
2 | be here now if | - folLowed my
parents wishes.
3 lf I kept in touch with her, we _ be
friends now.
4 lf | _ teft work on time, | _ seen
ny children before they went to bed.
Match sentences 1-4to regrets a-e in exelcise 2a.
c fi tt.+ Listen and check.which spealers
express regrets?
What do p€ople regret when they come to
the end of their lives? Bronnie Wa{e, a carer
from Australia, recorded the regrets of her
patientr in her blog ln spiration and Chni.
Here are the top ffYe,
a 'ffor y I'd had the courage to live a life ttlle to
, not the life odrers expected of me.'
. It's very important to ty to honour at least some
ofyourdleams.
b ' I w i s h l h a d n ' t w o r k e d s o
. This came from every male paiient that I nursed.
c l l on l ) l d hdd r \e courape ro e\press m)
. Many people suppressed their in order to
keep the peace with others.
d 'I wish I'd stayed in touch rviih my
. Ii all comes down to love and relaiionships in the
'I wish that I had let myselfbe
. Many people did not realise uniil too late thai
is a choice.
Za
3
Look at the sentences wth ilonly or Iwish in etet.ise
2a. Do they refer to things which happened or didn't
which verb form foLLows f only and I wish?
which sentences in exercise 3a refer to the pastonty?
which refer to the past and the present?
whichvelbforms are used in each case?
compLete the sentences below in two ways, one
referring to the past and the other to the present,
using the words in brackets.
1 lf l'd been a bit mo.e ambitious, I
(be prcnoted / be nanasel.
2 lf th€y hadn'tsuppr€ssedtheirfeelings
for €ach othel they (geftoget efl
3 lf she'd made more of an effort to keep in contaci, we
l,ot lose touch I stillbeftiends).
I Read Study 2, page 162
Zsuoqtqwe 5uopttt true a^eq noi oO L
'suor$enb
eqt re/v\sue PUE)sv red ur )irom reeq no^leql
suo!$anD e lJ aq] u/v\oP alrl^\ pueua$!ls tL 
u, €
'a^rtll.r uoeod e tqS4oql st ltBuolMo.l s! 
zL '3^eq 
ra a
ll.M no,{ {lrunuoddo xsq eql s: eql
'srrtrno/(Jo Four q8norql patsPl
sPq leL.ll ouo sr')le Lrlslqord/uolllqure v o[
'rla {lrurP} 'auroq .rnoK
q]!^\ Peuro)uol sjll rno^lo tpd eql q .rno 6
'no{ 
llll lq3r,! rpq} sLo sr ;seeslp V 8
'uraql rol sLlalqord alPoD ol
$aq rno,{ op no,('auoauros loJ -oleLu no^ll 
1 'a)l 
l,uoP ̂aql uollenlls e ldal)e
ol o^eq ̂aql uaq,4 ,(es gldood teqi s! ,j - 
,
uot-rd 3ur^,t eql ajrt {F)e{o slool arlets - 
V 'leolj 
10{ dleq ol lee^ no^ Sulqlauros sl - 
v
'salP rauoslrd
eqt llun {qlssod 'uoslrd u! Lujat Suol e s! - 
V g
'soq)eaq uo Sulu/sorP uro4
oldodd a^ps ol sr qol etoqM ouoauios sr - 
V Z 'selrols 
ul sueooeq
leqa ol Pasoddo 5e ̂l lear ursupeui.-./jJ fal- ul. !
'/'^olaq suorllulreP eql elqduo) 
Z
.atualuas q)ee
ule/, q r^saoBq)q^ essqd lo pro^\ eql oullopun q
il lnoqe op upr no^Bulqlou s,ajaqf islleql
lnq 'azld eq] ur^ l,uplp no^ leql 3u!tu 
loddeslp s,rl ZL
iuaqt ol llet Plnor no^
lool lsoLulP no^teqt allt os ere slspour xe ̂ eql !!
'uPur alluaB'lernb e
s!3u!) pprg lpar ur 'aBeLul ue.lrs qBnot slq sltdsac OL
'1a)rPfrno^ uo lnd
oseald uq'Buquts drqs aqt lo ra3upp ou s!eraql 6
'snroJ tln)urp,&a 8ur)pL! sr prolpuel
rno']no sn ,4^ojql {llenpe l.uer eq q8noqllv 8
iaur] P Jo
alueqr aql s.]l ipeJluor prolar p pararo useq a{l
'Bulua1eelq1pu sr ssaulr slq i0ro^ t,uo6
'raprnur roj o)uatues e ua tB sp,r 
Fsnlte aq1
.pau,Morp a eq B!!u pl!q)
aql'qrpaq eqlle ̂tnp uo uaeq l,uppq prenB oql]l t
'plrom aqtlo sued $our ul
SulsesDursr laLuo^ pue uaL! qloq roJ Aueltadxa €
'ate ud slq trnoqe
suo!$enb sroMsue ra au re)reN ruuec lope aqt z
'aulur jo
uoltlqure Suol v p uaaq spq !.reJes e uo SuloD L
a]!t
'uo!]Foo lJelol oql ulI alr A /v\oFq
sef,ue as aql Luorl Pallluro u€aq seq ajl!, pro/v\ aql e L
aln
ilou rql
/rql Zslueqed qere \oruuorg se s1ejBej orues aq1
e,req lurr nor( lugql nor( oC ssnlslp pue sjed ul)|lo/t Z
.asoqf, no{ suollenlls
oql oqe {elo} surnt q€lPUP srlpd u!)ro/r l
'/r^ou tuorajjlP eq Plno l leq/v\
ro peuaddEq e pq plnoi leqa lnoqe)ullll Luaql
tnoqE $]ou aleur PUP suolPnls aarql asooqf zeL
aspFxe ur seuo eql allt stolSor {0, ta rnof eH q
"' qs!441
iur.l uo safs (las le^eu) - 
| qsl^, I
i^ltusraJrp lle trop plno,u I sanurur
o^rt l)pq )lroP eql Jtnl (ueJ) - 
I ̂ Lo ,,
'Irpd leqr ol (oB ra^iu) - 
| qs|l^ |
iqlnol! {ur (uodo tou)-
| ]r tonaq Wnur (aq) - 
]l
iropreq (,{4} - 
t4uo,, 'surrl 
erour (Molle) - usl^, 
I 'luuaHrP 
&a^ (aq) -
sln {Lr req (t.ru tou) - 
t.,
;rr (^nq) | qst/r\ |
itt (op tou) - 
| qst,!, I
i (u;dd eq ra^ou) P;u;ddeq a,^ eq- :5Fb u
-pnoM 1r ,{llnta.e) 
o.roru (lDLr)p-b)rrqr D ,,
.slalrerq u! sqre^ eql Jo
t{rJo, poJjor eql qll Molaq saru.lues eql.lalduof
0t
9
6
8
9
€
z
el
lodsprolt)trfvud
Speaking
Reporting opinions
2
Whatdo the . . . ?
what else do... ?
What do people feelabout... ?
How woutd you ... ?
3 Listen again and choosethe phraseyou hear.
1 Recent rcsea/c, / op,hiorpol{i have given new life
to the debate on animaItesting.
2 Atounl one inlive / orei, fe, peopLe believe that
it is never acceptable.
3 Aquarter / Three-quarferr of people think that
experiments on monkeys and other primates
should not be allowed.
4 Mote thar thrce out offive / four out offive
peopte thinkthat experiments which cause severe
suffering or pain should be banned.
5 )ust over half / under halt the peopte polled also
said that expeiments on new medicines should
be altowed.
6 Thevast majoity / Atiny minority of people, avel
90 percent, are against testing cosmetics on anirrals.
7 On the whole / Aenetally speaking, it's a ol,ixed
picture. But the results showthat more and more
peopte are concerned about animal testing.
4 Read the research beLow about Dublic oDinion on
smoking bans. Rephrase it using language from
€xercise 3.
1
4
Work in pairs and discuss.Why are animals used in
medical research? What are the main arguments for
and against, do you think?
! 0r 11.6 Listen to a report€r summarising public
opinion polls on animal t€sting. Complete the four
questions which th€ presenter asks.
Pn01EsI\
Writing
A 'for and against' essay
I Work in pairs and discussthe questions below.
1 How many situations can you think of where
animals are used for entertainment? zoos,
bull f ights, . . .
2 Can you think of any arguments for or against
using anirnals for entertainrrent?
2 Read the for and against essay on page 115.
Summadsethe arguments on both sides,Werc any
the same as yours?
3 Choose the best answeG betow to complete th€
essay on page 115. Sometimes both answers ar€
possibte.
t howevet / although
2 Ar fhst / Fnst ofall
3 lt's inpoftantto remenber / Dan'tfarget
4 SecandLy I Second
5 Lastly / Iast
6 ontheatherhand / however
7 forexampLe / such as
I Furthernorc / What is more
I Another argument / Also
lOln conclusian lTo summarise
11ln myopinion / To my nind
85% of people are non-smoke$.
65% of peoDle support a ban ofl
snoking tn aU public place6.
In 2001, only 35% of p€opte
supported*e ldea,
48%. of DeoDle support a ban on
35% of people think smoking
should be made conptetety
iltegal.
95% of psople think that the
Inbimum age to buy cigarettes
shortd be 16 or hi{her.
5a Work in pairs. StudentA:You are a presenter on a
radio news show. Student B;You are a reporterwho
is summaris'ngthe res€arch on a smoking ban. Act
out an interview simitartothe one in exercise 2,
b Swap roles and rep€at.
'uerP leulJ e e{r/!\ 'u3r.ll
'quaurllro) rno^ aplnS ot $lDitreq, eqt esn suerp
s/eqlo qtea uo aururor ol sunl s)PI rled uluol q
q)ee Uoddns ol lulod Fqunlro sldurexe up ro )ulql
PUP tlUeLUnSJe NsSUOrlS sarqlrO O/t^l Aql eSOOql
2PauuPq aq qelulue uo stuoLulrodxa Plnoqs .
zueue]a3e^ eL!oraq
o1 aldoad a8ernorue lueurura^o3 aql plnoqS .
zPauueq aq Surlunq Plnoqs .
'lsule8e pue.ro, sluaurnSrp ro ]s!l e sleN
'/v\oFq s€1111,(esso aqllo auo asooqr 
Pue srled u!
)ro A ̂esso ]suleBe pue ro, e ell.r^\ olSuloS arp no^
)n eql ut uaddeq lllls
slq8u Bop're^e/v\oH / uorsrltuo q / elduexero!
'lar)ss ul usddeq ualo ̂altxqp6loll,uop
IpqlEquew olweuodwls,t / e!o$t4
lnq saulunor $our urlPSallr arP slqBq IPL!ruv
'e)ueltt e 1a3 no,(l Fd E
se ]loM e uMo upr no^'pplroli ut'1srl|v I seqTns
I aldwexeto! letr.ltre at1l uo spuadop 1r {6ro.4?e
I JeAeAOq I luewn6)e lerltoue',salets aLuos ul
le8allr sl sled se qpLr]rup pl M Bu daa) 'VSn eqt u
'pouodxe pue
pauodr!r eq uer qeuruP qlrqM lnoqe silnr l)lrls
dP dagl'elow s! Teqa I Tuaurnare )aqlouv
/ ourrequnt \al€,|ud tdq aq touuer
sa reds par.Buppua osry / se qrns / a4aexaroJ
'lueurUreuolue ro] pasn aq uer qeu.r ue qrlq/r^
Sururaluol s^ el plls are araql'salrluno) $ou.r ul
P9
^esse rno^
lo tlerP lsrlJ aql a+/v\ u3r0 rv\oFq $!D)3q, aqt peau €g
2uo!sniruoJ
alll u!uoluldo lpuosrsd rno^ua^t8 no^ a eH .
:eg tss!)axa ul
sasqqd/sprcM 8u!tu!l eqrro tera^as pasn no^a pH ,
zrutoo €qun, P io atour€xts
ue q1!,v\ ruaun&p qrpa parroddns no,( a pH .
aqder8ered tsu!PAe /oJ
qrPa ulstuatun&P o/r^1lseol ]e apeuJ no,( a^PH .
2uoisnpuor pue qd prSued ,lsu!e8e, 'qder3ered
,roJ, 'uolpnPorlu! :sqderSered inol eraql erv .
'lu6rmro4 ue le,rnq€u .r_Ieqlq srBuIuE gslpep.rd
uo FncoJpmoqs e.i pnE sa l$sod ow rsle,v4no
lusum!€q.Ielua .roJ sIeEluB fi4da$I Jo saa!4€8€u
9q1 te e&oq ' -rr 'al€q3p orn 
Jo ssp_rs
qloq uo slEeu\8.cE fuor,rs ar8 oreqq -0,
lsol sI
podt€ T€uollecnpe 6rlq 's!q1Jo osnE €g suEunq
prmor€ e^ll r!€qt uer{nr rlluuopl anrl JI€ql asol
st€1IIFre qtsqt sI -6 'II3r\ marn 
1€o.4 ol
paraqpq eq tr{r€o .ro proJ5€ tlr€o ue$o sr€doart
4ern puE suolqlpuoo lBJn?€Inm 'padmEm ur 1da1l
ft€nsn ede ,feqt sa I €lq".fo[tro pu€ oJBs o arl
1ou op rledr s-rql ur p€Fn ar€ oq.u rl€tr4rr€ lsou
'€r\8.re ,{er{1 ' -e uropssq 01 
lqFlr €rlr
. '8qq8].r oE a Eq qBEIIIB l€qt rlFaFFns T
asn€Jeq €6pr eioqi srlt q1!4^ ssJF€€Tp ',
ilueur4€.-l,Ialu3 roJ stellro€ ft{sn Jo s$euoddo
'asuas aleu l,uoP
.ro Suor^{ ere leq}i olaq (s)aserqd aql lno ssorlr t
',{l$Itd€c 14 e$I
rlotil3 Atgqr€ plr€ elqeldep€ e.r€ steElu€ ',C€s
l!€ql ' 
, pu]/ IEU!u€ pIIrrA l€e.r e €es .re^€
ItLi oldosd 13o1l1 leqg,{e$,{Iuo eql q u uollcuru
tRrroq€cnpe lus|lodEl s€ gAeq E€ulrre de$I
qolql\tr Eecqd .reqgo pu€ sEnlr€nbE 'sooz 'erEr€
sJ31loddm ' -, 
lueEule?.rslu€ .roJ pesn
e.r€ ,feqg u€ql^ lgq1 @o.rJ peqceF.rd €rE r(€q+ pr!:€
ss Illu€s€eldrm pr!-e l.Ioqs €^Eq rslJo plll eql
14 fleur!-{re -e 
ssamsnq luoculE1.l3laa aql
14 aJII €ne,{o[ue e.rcE prr€ .r3JBs E o €q rIEuruB
lsou l€ql ,4€5 luam1nE?J31u3 roJ 8l€urnrE
esn 01 yo sr lr a^ar3q oqM aeorn ' 
a
a1sr4€98 pu-6 roJ srtroEn8rB
oq1eJ€ leqlvr os qoedser eroE ar\"l3sap sI€G.ruB
1?W er\8re €Idoed suos ' -, 
I€.rrq€u 5€
T ees pu€ pe1lrE.s .!oJ s.rq! orrq sn Jo lsolI
'eldoed Inellelus oq pasn a.rE 
flaEfirB 
{FuoqErqrE
.req+o rl|ilEu pu€ s3sn fir 'sumTJenb€ 'sooz uI
awmNwwNrffi WNWWSffioffi&,*pTnoqs
2a
Reading and vocabulary
lianxe
1 Work in pairs and discuss.Are you interested in ceLebrities?
What about your friends and people in your country generally?
Work in pairs.Checkthe meaning ofthe phrases in bold below.
Then choose five of the sentences.Wlite the name of a
wetl-known petson for each sentence,
He/She...
. has been a househotd name for decades.
. draws huge crowds wherever he/she goes.
. is/was an overnightsensation,
. has been spaashed across the newspapers recentty.
. has a reputation for acting like a diva.
. tries hard to stay in the media spottight.
' is itt-equipped to deat with the pressure of fame.
. is tryingto make a comeback.
Work with a new partner Take turns to say the names on your List
and guesswhyyour partner chosethat person.
2e]ll ujapou u0 a)uenllul
peq P ro PooB e ,(luleu selluqalar elv ,
2puo^ urapoul oql ulluelrodru!os
euro)oq s^eq sartlqalol )utqt no,( op,{q/ .
2a Pq no{
op sueerPIPP ro Puq leqM'os Jl 2snouleJ
3uleq poqe ueerp,(ep ra^. no,( oC .
2auo q)rql
!uo4 srollns rlqrssod eldur^rlec olpuoc oL
sl ̂rioM alBurs $atearB .saluqeleJ 6
asnPr3q )!ull) r!rlelqr/(sd
e ul auJ l aLlos luods el^o€ uesns g
'snoure,t aq
ot podxa sreBeuaetlo - 
I
.roJ ailssP
e ̂q pete^rlour ^qeqord eroM auaaH turnrehl pue preqrlU
' - ele siouleuaua 
]sadeaq) aqt ,Aj uO
' ol dul^ll palp q)]ed u.rPs
pasnpr spi salllqelsr jo 3su eqt,funluar q16L eqt ul €
,- ou seM elaql
esneraq s3rllqola) le^\e,t 3ra/ aloqtr,&nrual ql8L eql ul z
_eop Dio)ai P rol srolelPelS olll r.l3u - 
t
'aplte aql otSulpro)rp sarualutss.ql etalduof
(ue 1o preaq nof pep ;s"..", 
"r"r"o 
r", 
"i".':[roo::]:'u: plp ̂\oH ssnrslp pue el)lJE qoqaoqt peeu.slled ut)lo \
ZU€d 3q] ur llo]allp se^ ]l)ulql no,( op ̂\oH Z
ZerulSuluror sluolprpard s,loqre A)urq] no,( op s,(e,1 teq,1^ ut L
'suo!$anb aql ra/!\sup pue eltltJe aql ol uo8rnpolul.ql pe€!
t 2tou ̂q,\ /^qr'A j^tun oddo aql peq no^
trMoLs nt^]lper e u yed alet no,( p;n016
'^\olaq suollsenb aqt ssnrslc.sdnolS ul 
)lo A c -..-- 
aldLutulPc orPuoo a/o€ upsns
: .u:.H uorlpl q)ted ups pl3u3rrq,{ a3ro.D
e€
Language focus 1
,..1 . r'r,t| '\{I,r]Il i.:rrt.]r\:l infirrititt*ri
t
2
3
4
5
6
Its afiiendt bnthdayand shewantsto gotoa cLub to c€tebrate,
butshe's iotsurewhere. Whatdoyou do?
a You nrggeslgoing somewheretun whereyou're Likelyto bump
You donl tike making suggestions aboutwhereto go.You'rc
happyto tei other peopte decide.
Yo! wajtand seewhereyourfi enddecidesto go. If its not'the
r ightphcetobeseen' ,you ' t tmakeanexcuseaiddosomethrng
work in pairs and discuss. lf someone reaLLy
wants to become a cetebrity,what kind of
personatity are they tikety to have? Haveyou
ever met anyone like this?
2a Work in pairs and do tho quiz.
b Add up your scores usingthe key betow
then turn to page 130 and check the quiz
conclusions to l ind out i f you have the kind
of personatity to become a ceLebrity. Do you
agree with what it says?
You arc ata parV whercyou areintloduced to vadous new people
a You make a biq effort to remem b€r peopLe's na mes a nd
somethingaboutthem.
b Youfeettoo neryousto r-.memberpeopteveryw€lL.
c You expectotherpeopteto rememberyou betierthanyou
remeriberthem - thatt what usuaLLy happens.
A frieid ofyoursis marryjng someofeweatihy, andtheyare having
a bigweddinq with rich and famous guesis. Howdoyou go about
choosjng an outfitforthe big day?
a You ask otherpeoptewhattheyar€ ptanri'rgto w€arand tookfor
b You tookforsomething speciattoweat butjthasio be
something thatyou car wearagain ir the iuture.
c You puta Lotofeffortintofinding an oLrtfrtthatouilhines
everyoie eLse, inctuding the bridellripressingthe right peopLe
at evenll likethjs h exfi enr€lyimportant
You meetsom€onewhoyou're despentetoinrpress Woutdyou be
preparedtoteLttiesaboutyourseLf to makethe ghtimpression?
a No.lf peopLedon'trespectyou asyou are,th€n thafstough
b YouwouLdn'tdaretetttjes whatif peopLefoundout?
c Why not,ifit hetpsto qetyou foticed?
A rather bonng ex clasmate headstowardsyou ata sociat
qathe rg. How doyou rcact?
a Yo! pr€tend f otto remember him aid quicktyfi nd someone
more jnterestif g to tatk to.
b You havea frierdtychat,then makeai excuseto move 0i
c You are reLiryed to ind someoie who won't mind tatking to you.
You arc at a chanry Mnt and a reporter from the tocat neffipaper
asks you to be in a photograph. How do you read?
a You aren'tespecjalty keen on beins photognphed, butyou
b You pose happity.You'vespentages pradjsjng in ftontofthe
mirror so you always took great in plrotos
c You manageto hide behirdsomeoretatt.
Q1: a= 2 b=1c=3, Q2:a=2 b=lc3 03:a=1b=2 -3,
Q4: a=2 b=1F3, Q5:a=3 b'2 c1,06: a=2 b= 3c=1
Underline allthe infinitives (to + verb)in rhe
quiz and circle attthe gerunds (verb + -i,9).
Match verb patterns 1-'10 belowto other
You suggest 9oin9 sonewhetetun.
2 preposltion + gerund
. . . put effatt into ffnding an autfrt
3 a gerund that is thesubject ofa sent€nce
Being famaus b the lastthing yau
4 verb (+ object) + inflnltii,e
A repotter asks you to be in a phota.
Yar nake an ellort to remembel
6 adjedive + iniinltive
You re likely to bump inta ftiehd..
7 too + adjectlve + inflnltive
Yar'rc taa sensible to wotry abart it.
I an infiniuve that describes why someone
does something (infinitlve of purPoseJ
It's alldo.e to attract attenlton.
e Gane)wherelane/kins + \adie.tive +)
. . . suggestions about where to go
10 v€rb + (objecr) + infinitive without fo
You let athet people de<ide.
I Read Study 1, page 164
2saldurexe ^ue aArB no^
uel l&lunor rno,( ur uedde! srq1.)rtsBuLql oC
Zlou /{qlA/^q^ ZqlrM
ssr8e no,( l,uop/op e€ ospraxa ur rruolsrl qr qA\
zsguols sA au
. tr u iot {.ios rseal/lsou lsa, no( oP oqt/. ,
'Moleq suor$anb aql ssn)slp pue sdnor8 u!)ro/1 
?
Zsuorurdo,(ue eArB raluasard eq1 saoc
esuoluldo r eqt ro, a^r8 Xaql op suoseer teql
'suollsanb aqlreMsuB puP urPBE uelsl )
-Moul ol lqBL aql e^eLl ildoad ',{pM
]uaral P E ur sa ellaq uiqt pup'aSpurl
)rtqnd ure er P saleerl ,{]!qolar e Jl ,
'3uo.rM sPM
{ urel puellon aqt }o tuoLu}eoi} aq-La
's,ro0eosMau aql
lou'unq are uarplrql s[] lltlnp, s,x s,t p
^)P lrd ol
1q3r .ql.^eq aldoad snourel r\ ^alsal
' '.. ' ''.--.^', \ rr'prw: lqqw 
l
ol ssnrxe uP se uarplrqr stq Butsn s x q I Ie)
'serots qlns tuud leqt s.lededsMeu 
I
aql3ur^nq rol oLuelq ol ore ltqnd aq1€ ! ^))ig
J-e suoluldo ol raualsll aql qrreN q
;^IueJ puploh aql pue
reurP!alui polueuun aqlol)l16qlEduJ^ssraua$!l
Four arv n oL{s uFeuoqd orppr p ol ua$q g zf 
Ul 
eg
2reqlour
roq pup puelroh al]olreql ol peueddeq leqy' Z
;uoqre 1eBe1
ue)et ,reLleuetua p€urpuun, aqt spq ̂qy' L
'suollsanb aql
'suollsanD arll ssnrslP 
Pue srled ullro,{ q
:ie.lr eL ro prLde.Soro, d (ro)-
sucerdolouc (elPrj :ri.Jic nor' op q).lM g
a_o,ee- -0110 elJoc ro r qel.o,ro- (1"01)-
'aldoed raqto qltM uL (tU) - 'porllou
(1"3) (d.l.o r 
"sooqi {lL eu rol oC S
Zsarer rraql (iaqLuaLua4 -ro saueu
s,d'€o.a lraaurauraij ]p Jeuaq 'lo1 .rv t
2Mou) no^ alooaa q]rM u) lsj
puat no^ op ro'Mou) l,uop no^ €ldo€d
or(1e-)) rddeq o(are r1€ serued tV €
/l.o 0310(d-otda {De€i (ro8)
puods no^ op aLuq q)nur Moq 's3EraAE uO Z
ZuMo.rno,{ uo 3uuaqtP3 leDos
3rq p ot (oB) - 
lnoqe leal no,( plnoM ,1^oH L
'sla)lrelq u!sqla aqlro
L!ro, pexol aql qtl/l^ n olaq suollssnb aql aFldurol eZ
2$aq e)rl
no^op solonb q)tqt )peq) pue ualsr't L zL 0 tr q
jrt6!l[fa4'aplty t0.s0,.Foqepqtel(iq)-6rlous!lPql
puE lnoqp paflpr (aq) 
n uEqr asror 6uL'J1 .uo ,!uo s' ariqt
tsa4.E'tnat\tlanbod,'pt:^uot e
(3q) -,, alLr raqlu s€Mtoqur^s xas € (aq) 
,,,
rapatp u4{' uaUV [paa//l
. t.!pl I rouqDruqlr!(3^a!u)P) ,.luPMr
')iro,{ ̂u q6norql fi'tplroum l (a^6!qr€) 
" 
tueM r,uop L
rar! sue PUP sauoF s^ aU o/v\f eqf of uefsll Z'ZL t[ 0, Z
L ̂.rols
zlnoqe sl^rols
q)pa )ulqt no^op teqi'saxoq aqt ul saserqd rqt Jo
Bulueer.u aql paq3 erpauJ aq] pup salllrqaFr lnoqe
salrolss ^au o ̂lrP3q olBuloSore no .rled ul )Joy'
tl Ii:xiii{.1.1 i:l\il l)\.ilil }iir. :l.r rr:li:)li}r" I
Eu1ue1sg1
z
L
uaqox
eLUUJs9
iore)
uo Nsuaduror e^rarer 01
^tBuorM auoa!uos asnrre 01
suoqa s,auooLuos orul)lrEq 01
!nor uriP.dae o1
ProuPreo arua!adxa o1
radedsMeu p otqel e
)a1p^\'4L oqaj u ! ,iu]]ea
are no^ a]$M paldnx€tuL aie nof lPql (u€au) - q6noua
louuq 'luprnelsar € ulatqqpoob p no,l (ra6)'" 
.,
qDnoua s!t:{o^Eq) -0, puH 
lsaq.qlslaup}qrar!/,lV;
u D asatats u pt ua aV, u 41 u a.q u tw D tuaq
. rnoqe (atLa) -" qtroaBrErpqrs6utqrop
r0'(ppal 
" 
']lrod ere tpqi s6utqr Br!r,^ raqr!.,peap
arpnolspuoosse'ua$otuot (aq)-, ]uen r,uop nof Ji,
!D1' u4{'auuoN unurw .re$e (aq) , uoqp(u'parp)
, se ury qrnu seri auspi ielie{aq) -,,
uotpattD uan, adu . urq (a\ru6or.r)-r uo4
stdoad (lua^ard) , rassEt6)rep sreia uaqi'urouijaa
(3uo]3q)-. aln sLq ne sfrod oqn uosr.d e sr,{uq.tar v
'slo))erq ul sqla eql
,o ruroJ paro) eqt qll^^ .,uo1eq selonb eql alaldcuo3 e 1
z ̂rots
fre^ud 011q3! e a^?q ol
auo:Luos asp3l pup,qnq ol
uotpe leSata)et ol
lerDtDod^q/tsUrod^q e aq ol
lSeul^Iurel SuorF P a^eq ol
r re}}P tel|] eur-elrxa ue a^eq o1
1)u.)vud
at 6E?J
Language foeus Z
I ook aL t ' re pnotos.WhdL do you know abour eacl
person? fyou're not sure who each person is, check
on page'130.
Read the art ic le and match descript ions A-E with the
celebri t ies in the photos.
She died 50 years ago but achieved immoria ity
A through her roles in {ilms such as Some Like it
Hat. as an actor but she found it hard to deal
with the pfessure o{fame and some directors found
her unprofessional. Hef deaih at the age of 36 was
sufiounded in mystery. Sincethen, she has become
'the most iconic person in the world'accofding to
image expens, and she is still regularly voted the
woman that 
__ 
- Her image currently earns
around $27 million a year.
p Not n"ry peoole know thar he $a.red ou.r as
v ai usher gLid;ng people Lo trei- seats i ' r a
cinema in Memphis. A recording of lhat's A/right got
him noticed and he became an overnight sensatton,
adored for his good looks, and changing the face of
popular musicforever Towafdsthe end of his life, his
careerweni into decl ine and' , later
photographs of him show that he had become
bloated and unhealthy-looking. However, 
a-, 
he
stillmakes over $55 million a year.
,^ Togerhe'wit1 l-is ba'ro Le rccoroed l-is debut
\ , d b,T n ten aoLr.s whle sLHef;-g trom a cotd.
The songs he wrote made him a living legend but in
1975'- and instead devoted himself to looking
;riirii;it;11
i:tiirilll
i ii irn] ii
Which cetebri ty current ly earns the nrostT
Complete ih€ art ic le with the phrases below
' he hated being cr i t ic ised
' s lre desperateLy !" , /anted to be taken serious!
. she ot ien s€emed to be suffer ing
. he bec€me notor ioLs for not looking after r - . :
. he dec ded not to focus on muslc any more
. nrosl m€n wo!Ld l ike to have met
. desp te having died ln 1977
after his young son. Five years later, just as he was
making a comeback, he was shot dead in NewYork.
He st i l lsel ls mi l l ions of albums and earns arouno
$12 mil l ion a year.
l\ Fe maoe ̂ :s musca oebut at t^e age of six,
l/ 6"6 1'u6 t;r 1rr11.;i w'le l he wds just 11 ye",s
old, going on to becomethe rnost famous person on
the planet. However, he found the media spotlight
difficult, and " in the press. Incredibly, in o€arn,
he may be making rnore moneyfrom touringthan
when he was a'ive. thanks to a stage show bear-9
his name. Aong with sales oJ his music, he now earns
about $170 million a year
F B . - , " 1 9 8 3 , s h e g o r h e r ' / s r b : 9 b . e d (
E ,r ihe age or 16 when a reco.d.corpany
execut ive heard her demo tape by accident, and
gave he- a reco.di-g cont|acr. Sre d€veloped a
reputat ion for beinq unrel iable, and from
drink or drug problems but her songs and
pedormances were often br i l l iant. Tragical ly, she
died of alcohol poisoning at the age of just 27.
During her l iJet ime, albums such as Back to B/ack
earned her $10 mil l ion, but af ter her death, she wi l l
probably earn much more.
'FlJeLrJJedns
aql ur €6ueqc 6uor^ eqt (a^6) o!
I (tes) -
eL1l4 s,lrtou ro r6qlaLl^ pue ileouol
qcnuJ ]set lluo,fi^ olc^crq rnol leLtl ]ce, eqf 6
-sa leter ro, slussard ^epqurq
(^nq) - IeuoL! q6noue re^eq 
louj
'dleq ̂ue ]nolll!^ rauurp )jooc pue asnoq
aqt ueelc burddous aql op ol rlcedx€, -
'uorltsod Flcueuu rno/( ur ,uerptrqc (a eq)
- ol €lplstL! 
e sE/I,^ lJ ]ou Jo leqlsqM
'q6noue InFsaccns 
lou er,no^ asneceq no^
q}l,|v\ (aas) - asrye,l oq/u sacuetuEnbcv
.saqtolc /\Aeu
uo (pueds) - I€uor! Iue (e^Eq 
rou)
'^ep[oL] uo 06 ol aKe
/aq) - I€uoL.r qEnoua (e^eq 
tou) 
-
'saped €tqeuorrlset ol (al|^uD - re^aN
'no^ uEql Injsssccns atoul (euocaq)
- rrlees spualJ] 
JnoI l|e Iq^^ 6uDepuoM
$n0uEl fllD l|c[ 10il 0I,[0'{
il il0[u [,t,ilrrt 0l $[||!il ||0t
'no^ buleaqg sr ]uElunocc€
)no, I ,,|outt ot loN / 6u!Mo6l +oN
'euroq pjlrjl rno^ rres ol
/ 6qt as Lt!o/v\ s,lj torJ ro raqFq.^ 6uUapuoM
'peddeupDt 6uleq
/ oulddeupD| AtI.lJel )no^ moqE outr(lroM
'tooc pue Jeueetc lnaJjneqc
alqeller e 6urpuu atqno46u!^eH / a^eq o!
'pooqp uc FLUrou e 6ut B.f/a^eq
ot uorpllqc rno^ rot etqtssod s.il leqteqM
'sJadeds ^eu eq] ol ^Jols xerB as o7 
/ 6ul as
u€lee.rql oq/v\ spustrJrt6 ro spuoufoq-xl
'slsleuJnol
uojllsel ^q rresfcgrJc aq oI / aslcB Ja o,
6uo6 s! asues ssaJp JnoI lou ro JeLlleLlM
sLtd€,lboioLtd ayet ot / Burtet 6ur^rl s^€.ate aJe
suEJ esnEceq ecead ^ue 6u!*e6 toN / outnag
'lqJed elq€uolqseJ € ol 06 no^ Je^aueq^\
Zzdeded e+l Aq pa^^olo! 6utag / 6ul^o oJ
'snoLlel auoeLuos qI/\ ueas 6ulaq 
/ 6ulees
oit Fntro 'no^ e)tllttear aFoed 
lou ro JeqleqM
ness.)3u
lt ulp3e u4s!t saru.ru.s .qt Bufps €slpsd q
2parunouord sproa.siqr rp
/\^oH sPloe pass€$.qt)|lpu pue u!e3e uarsn eZ
€
z
si)uaN€s aql or:^ U3ql1proM ruo sl
taq, €)in uoF'pauor e) q)ea utsproMloFqunu
iqrrunor PUP s.)uaru.s xrs ol u.rsl |zL 0-j L
'1,
'slsll aJeduoc puP srlPd ullro 
A q
:retndurol p asn ot Moq ̂ ou) t,uop no^
esprexa elpq no^
a3PnBLrel
auo ueqt arour lpsds t,uel no^
^lD Miu e ol e^ou noI
Moqs nl^trteer e uo luetsoluol p arp no{
qol e to8 l,ue^Pq no^
tuoBrtlatul
ot
pue 3u 1oo1 pooB,{leuarua s leuled rno^ .
raSpuaal e !r,no,{ ,
:rt lnoqe xljo^\ lou ol s8ulql
a^rlJo lsll e a)eLU pue ̂rolaq suolFnlls
aqlro aerql asooql sdnolS ur }ot pZ
'slePerq ul sqra^ aqllo Lltoj p€JJo) aql
ql!.Mlsll aqt etaldLuof. snourej pue q)!r -tON
a.r,nortrlnoqe /iro/\^ ol s8ulql ual, ppsu q
'sre/v\suP pa,uol aql asootp pue.snoLUpJ pue
q)lr ar,no,{ J! lnoqe ̂r.ior ol s8utqt uel peau p!
1)u_)vud
$||0uul ilu ||clJ 0I,[['{
,!u0[u f,r,ltrrr 0l$[||!u u0l
S9r sBed 'Z ,(pnrs pe€r 
I
(atdDi!€d lsed + 6ur e'i)
punraR pot.d e I
- (.1d ll]Ed 
rsed + a/eq)
i^rluuu|D.|.c e 9
- 
l6ur+ or.^ + aq)
a^lrrLrur snonurruor e 5 - 
(ald lrred tsed + ,u/aq)
purroS.^rssed e t
a^ rrurlur 3^lssEa e E
\6uts+gra^+jlul
punraSs^ne8a! p z
rr)q4F! .^Brurlu .^np8au p !
'aor.q suo!!pisap
3qr 01r as!)r.xa utP)oq utsqr.^aqr qrleN
Hold the f loor l
i ' \ j
1 Work in groups. Ta.ke turN to choc€ dd speak about a topic from one ot the carrts. Each ropic can !e chosen ddly orce,
2 The speaL€r mat attempr ro speal on rhe ropic without hesitation or .epetnion.
3 Th€ sp€ali€r wim three points if they speal for 30 s€conds dd I O poinrs if rhey sp€ak for a mirute, Anotter member of
tb. group should k€ep time,
4Ifth€sp€alieriesitat$forloolongorrepeatsthesameiitea/point,anothe!grouphembercansay,cha:ll€nee',Ifthe
group m.mbers aAree, the speake. loses a point. Tll€ sp€aker shodd rhen try to .ontitr!€ spealing for iI€ remaining rime.
fiutlrrs dn 6e11e1
r aBPnBuPt tnjasrr .
zdnort q)ea u! arotrs $eq8lq
aql peq oq11 se1ru aq1 Bur/r^ollo, 'oure8 oql^eld
q pue e o8en8upl lnlesn <
'se.plrno^
Jo auros ssajdxe ol saseJqd oqlesn upr nor ,l/\oq
oqe )iulq] pup xoq iBpn8uel lnresn eqlle)ool
'p€au no{ s.suqd/spro i (ue.:o;.nqreal rno,(
)isv aureB€ql ^eld nox aoJeq lldol q)eaq seap!ro
lslr € alpt{ a^r, pue aarql uea,Mleq }o gdnoJ8 u!)iro/\
2BuorM op ro^pld lnjsssrrnsun aql plp leqM .
Z,{q^ pue tsoq prp oq/\ .
i]noqe
Buqlel ̂eql are eLrrpB eq1 euorl srrdol qcyq11 .
.suol$0nD iql
ra,usue pue euue8 aqlSut^eld aldoad eaJqt ol
ue$!r uaql sprer.ql uo s'dot eql peou s.z! 
U,
'op ol leq^i pue$Fpun no^leql 
Peqr pup eute8
eqllo selnr aq] peau s]ldoluarerrtp tnoqp q]3uel
te leads no^ qrlqr!\ u!aure8 e Aeld olButo3 ere no
zslqt e)!r,rool, aqrBurploq, oqe lao, no^ op /r^oH
''',\rot tE sdupau u!
'aldoadreqto to luorj ulql8ual te 
leads ot e pq
no^ uaq^ suo!]entlslo tgll e qer{ sdnor3 ulllo A
'o B plnor' aqs/aq sro^ sup
eq1 au t8eu I 'au.:e3 eql ur slrdol aqlJoororJl ro
euo lnoqe uraql )sp nor qrqM urolroqr,tno^
]o ̂l!qal6r e ql^l Mer^re1u1 {leu13euu1 ue a11Li4 .
'uoluldo r nof 3u r^r8 'aureB eqt ul rldot
aql JO auo lnoqe allsqa,^ P.lO] luoLur,llor e a1l4\A r
'd\oleq suoltdo aqlJo auo asoor.l)
Su11ead5 1sp1
3u11eads pue 3u;uols!'t uotlelpdoJd
Find out first
1a Work in pairs.Try to comptetethe
factfile about Malawi by choosingthe
correc answers,
b Co online to check your answers or ask
yourteacher.
Search: Malawistatistics / Malawi factfile
View
2a You are goingtowatch a video about Martha,a girl from
Scottand who changed the Lives ofchiLdren in Matawi.
Look atthe pictur€s. How do you thinksh€ did this?
O wat€h the vid€o and put the events in the order
they happen€d.
a l'4artha and her family ftew to Malawi. '
b l"lartha's [oca[ counciL banned her from taking photos.
c Martha raised over I100.000 tl-rough do'rations on
herslte.
d she started a blog about her schooL dinners.
e Manha became fed up with her school dinners.
f The money was used to build a kitchen in l"latawi.
g The site became even more popuLar
h The btog went virat.
Match the start of a phrase from thevideoto an ending.
Then watch the video again and checkyour answers.
1 Martha raised a the headlines at the
2 Hersimple blogwon age of nine.
3 Martha posted photos b from taking photos.
4 She didn't expect to hit c head to Matawi.
5 Her local council banned her d Longer go hungry.
6 The donations rolled e rnoney to buy meals
7 Martha and famity
decided to
I Many MaLawians live
9 Two thousand children
in Malawi.
f on 60p a day.
g wo{dwide attention.
h to her blog.
I in.
Work in pairs. Use your answers to exercise 2b and 3 to
retetl the story of Martha and her blog.
FACTFILE
Populationl
MALAWI
Arcund 15 / 55 / 125
miLlion
55 /65 /75yea"s
60pence / t6 / t16
34 /54 /74
20% of land is
covered by a desert /
water / a forcst
Lif€ expectancyl
Average amount
to live on per day:
Percentage of adutts
who can read:
Extraordinary fact:
l,{lunor rno,( u! soltlreq) .teln dod
ro luPtrodul lsoLu aql ate q)lq^ t
Z^rlM puP
teqr' osll 2^tlPq) e dlaq olSutq ue
auoP ro ̂auour poFuop ra^o no^ aAeH .
amoqe {lSuorF lae, no^ teql
sesnPl alqeueql raqlo ̂ue arsql srv .
2^q po^our $ou leal no{
oP PALrOlluaLu sasner sql Jo qrlqy' r
'l! ssnrslp pue rlolaq suol5anD
aqlJo auo.soorl) sdno.rS u!)iroi l
'selou rno^ eleldr!ol
ot ule8e qrle \'/(]ps$)eu Jl 9e/v\sup
rno^ ereduror pue srlPd u!)rol\ q
utrPW
u3&nf
'(uollsenD
,(ra a lai sue pu ^eur se)Peds
auros)olqel oqt etelduof .Zesne,
alqe eqt e dlaq ro ot ̂euour eleuop
01 PA OUT {ar r3 anoxe eH,uolsenb
aql Su!e/,^sue aldoad e^U qrF/ O eS
/t^er^ Puol
''' dlaq ot / spreMol seoB ^auoL! ̂aql .
'" punore psslPl spq 1l'up3aq 1r efurs .
''' lnoqe sesrer lua^e sql!ee^ qrpl ,
'suortpuop/drqsrosuods qEnorqt IauoLu eslpr ,(eql .
''' ol a Pq sluPcDlled .
'" o)uls areld Suqet ueeq spq tua^a slql .
'no^ dleq ol
/tlolaq slduord oqlasn peqtrleossr no,{ leqt lua^o
Sulslerpun, aql lnoqe sqderBered o/\^t ro.uo etll,\ I
qf,Jeesel lnof dn elu^A
le^rra,^ 1/ ^llex loBuo|^
/ {eC asoN pa! / plrot aqllllqf:qrlpas
ro] pasn sl (auour oqt leq^^ .
pasrPl seq 11,(ouoLu qlnLu ̂ oq .
s0^10^ul tua^o aql ]eqM r
BuroB uaaq seq lr3uolmoq .
:9 rod Bul/.^olp, aql
$oqe salou 3)eN l noqe aroLu lno puu ol aulluo
oB pue sluercSulslapunJ leqolS aqlro auo asoor.lf
lP ltseMf .
,(IP! loBuoh aqf .
,(Pc asoN pa! .
p o/ eql Il]!1 ,
'a)elo s.)et tuo^o q)ee aJ3q,!\ tno pulj ol eulluo oD
;/v\opq slua € fllreq) eq]ro,(ue jo plpeq no,( e^eH
ri.,lt'l.li.iil:i:ii.\,i1,"i,iiliiiiLr;t*,'\ii\ri-.lr,N\\, ll,l,ilii,.lur\\,rl.-\l1*
Unit 1: Wordspot
i " r , r , y . 1 : 1 1 1
Student A
'l 
Ask Student B the questions below. Student B should
give the answers in brackets,
1 What phrase with ger means to improve'?
(get better)
2 What phrasaIverb with get means'to contin!e
with'? (get on with)
3 what do peopte hope to get on their birthday?
\Pfesenrs]
4 What can yo! get ifyou don't have a map?
(get tost)
5 Why do people sonetines not laugh at a joke?
(they don't get it)
6 What's the opposite of 'Leave the house',
(get horn,C
P Answer Student B's questions.
Unit 4: Vocabulary and listening
i : r , . ' ' I r ' '
Unit 4: Language focus 1
I i l r i l i . ! . ] , , ir r, l i . l r ' r i i r : : f t , , rr i ' t ,r ' , , ,
'l 
Rewrite these passive sentences in a more
Unit 11: Language focus 2
. , 1 1 , 1 . r , , l l i r ' i i : , t l : , i I :
!a,"gzfoj"1/{i2t1w2
new toothbrvrh
poti leiterj
l igl^+ bvlbs
blr+6aat c^ra for 6r^^^f
€^v€lo?et
Thoneloy-wy carA
have y assg o rl Tholo t laVen
colle.t Arf cle^^i^g
.heer€
wh:t do people regret when they.ome to the en l
of th.ir live! aronnie W.re, a (arer from Aurtralia,
rcco'ded the regret! of her patiot in her blog,
lr?tEtton drd Cttqt. Here .re the top five.
a 'lf only l'd had the courage to live a life true to mys€lf,
not the life oth*s ei?€cted of me.'
. lt s very imponant to trf to honour at l€asr sme of
b 'l wirh I hadn t work€d so hard.'
. Thjs came iiom every male pati€nt that I nursed.
c 'r only I'd had the courage to eryr€$ my feelings.'
. Many p€opl€ suppressed thei feelings in order to
k€ep th€ p€ace wjth orheE.
d I wish 1 d stayed in touch vith my friends.'
. lt all comes doM to love and relationships in the end.
e 'l wish lhat I had let myself be happier.'
. Manypeopie did not realise untiltoo late that
happines is a choice.
conversational styte, usingthe active form and the
word5 in brackets.
EICINTfiITI=TIF'E5ITI-TEViT
Eu;11't6:6 11u1
sqruou ̂\at lxa! eqlre^o trauou
rno^ q1M op ol6u u!e d ar,no,( ietlM
elrrr,srea^ uar u[uaraj]rp eq 
iljM a] lrnot doq
^ePqurq l:au rno^
6! l]3^a srLllroj sue d rnol
srnln] aqlroj sadoq rno^
P!a)aa/r^ slql ro'suPld rno^
auD,srea^0g uiluarall p aq trM p|oN\ 6L[Mor
esrnor qsi 6!: sr!l qsrulj nol uaqd roj su€td rnol
laaa sr'lljo lsar oqlro' sue d rnol
s{pp !e^es }xau alrra^o a)Llaq llM raqreaM aLli}eqM
uaqlroj slo ltr p€rd rno^ P!e
slruour+o otdnotr lxau.ql u sernllLj6ulocts
sueld raare' rno^
sqllou ae,lxou eql ur .)teu o] Ita)tr ere no,{ s{.uriol
poooleal sn afou ol raqpar'\ lulns uoL+ erou sotD.
1 loll aoqs ol oo saop + ]n€ &elos puD !1peq uopcnpa
e)l eol3ol re+o alnsoelr.r l3L{ isiedns as6q1 ur luDlodo
/ua t,us 4qDqord ro!_#raa I D, eq ol s i4uno3 o lddoq
aoq selnsoeu qcrqe 'xapq,{+radsord unro6e] eql 
lo a^S
dot a{11 u D aro uepeas puo )irourLrac ,lo \roN ro s3 4uno3
uDedornl Lraqlou eq1 .oDra^D uoL-+ reppc arc p ro^\ eq1 u
sar4uno3 Feddoq oql to auos +o!1aoL.ls ^pnutuo3 s^e^rns
oqo D r€ aouiurrF s uns oql ueLta €ddolt aal l,usaoF,
ort/"\ ' o raUV an4 aq ol s q1 paclxa p noa epoad 
+sonl
aoldood
sql rolddoq eql ̂r|unoc oql taluuns sql
r( onba seroLt3 poLtesnoLt eL4 6urDq:
€rDleuroapuouau aroleq O9OZ aq ,\1 ,enuuro.e6uoqr
jo sepi tlerrnc ,! sou ddoL-t 01 qlod aq O\r ,, olloj €ro )n 614
ut usru o lDr+ uoau l,us€op +oL_{ F^e^ oH .pelrollr ^og 01
44ry arour oqo €r.^3q1 +unoLLro ra{ours o op ort,!\ asoql uor4
passa4s ssel €ro froa.snoq aroLu op oL.t/!\ esoql loLjl punol puo
eeqol000't €^o peaarua& [a4o9]C troaesnoq loFoer op
^oql I ra odort 3ro u3u pL+ puno, ro+so3uot to ltis€ un €Ltr
lo |F4!9 eu{oroJ ro ̂q ^pqs +ua3€r o rq )i! qt lqorur noi
'iuou+oN 
a)iroaesnoq bu op lotue iLorycD otdoad ArDur aotl
sseulddort ot lo ^rnol uDatC
OLr !3ddoq pu $ tDqa lnoqc
0u lLjrtt 01 ! ]nclsaqcro€ser aql io euo sD'.lsoo Duorcua. !o
si 3r3q1 lelnduoc o 6Lr sn rc ouuser el ,urDerplop 01 sn ao o
ttsr'-ta\ seuo uoLtl raiddoq sn 3)loLu ot puel spueu 01 6u I 01
ro Ou$oFxa so q.ns +ueserd eq !o smo,r sn ojou qr qs
sa$l.v plnol LjcD4er eLt+ 'lddol.t sse ero 6a,uodpiop
ea ua!r\ pLrV 0u uoarplDp aur t O! fDr'4 rno p lleolod 6.9t
pusds €a t'q1 pLrnot qs ootoL.p^sd 11e€^ !n plo^DH
^q q.rDesar {laseu Fneq s Lt+ rol lroddns 3u[ueos alJos sr
oreql aoN lua.€rcl 3q1 u 6u ̂l rq punot eq uo3 sseuddoLl
pqtsn €tslorlpo4snoibnar puo o3r.]dosotqdluDn
pulu ̂ddoq o |ou s! pulut oulropuD,vl V
, uO s aqr peeu ra^au plno,{ ea. 'p Ds ltrg ,'p!oa loop
'rD u , parepnocualeq ssolpu )t eL+ iq pesrdrns aroa iaql
prall3o ! trq sour+€uros uo rdsns puD 4 usort porelunocLJ€
laql ,eu 01 | 01. our^os uo|s o Ar|ppr] ?rol aeN ur puu p no.
^eql 6.0lo le{tlo ̂uo puo sralro3 1ee4s uo 'sdo$ snq lD tc
IeL]l srD3i 3erq1 rol palorcl am ot ) 01 aq1 pe!o$ leqr tDr{
oepi €L$ ̂q paiosut os aloA )iro aeN uo4 64ar. €puo
^roE zn lrq !6u30pnrpuo asuas uouuo]lo!q o sannbel
^sno ̂qo .]1 )l D1 or eaouD4s Ltc L_ta Ou$ooqC d qspu€r4 puD
)cnlOu pug lo:^€.uoF aL+ sasDerc! I al ! set qrssodaeu
dn suado sreouo4s or 6uqp1 eOLJolp pnols ea lqoLt D s.i
'uolresrM proqsru rc or Olprocro 
ln€ uerplLr.]o io urD3 aa
suossot+EU eqtlo auo s,l eaDuo4s p o^o ar\ €ur t eq lo $on
'ctl tzvs 'qtEe 'a^rrc aera atddv 
66 'ruo>lrer{ 
er^lls ol 6u ltJM ut i ddp aspald
'luepnts lns plnoM
'lelluassa aruerl 6ur^rC ola'slpaL!
)iool )roMeLuoq esrruedns o1 'looqls reuP
pue arolaq (0I pue I pebe) sioq oMl roj arer
ol )eeM e srnotl ST peJrnber (elell]ej ro aleL!)
uosjed rllsersnqlue pup ̂lpua!J'elqrsuodsad
sra6uD4s ol ,llDl
itl:!! put rl"ej J)-eLtlCsJ!;J
erntnjre.u a!lu uo4erq€latrro,tred e roj suelcl
I luaPnls
1 snrol e8enBuel :S lluntulleeds pue turpeey :7 11u1'1
Unit 1: Wordspot
Student B
Answer StudentA's questions.
Ask StudentA the quest ions betow. StudentA shouLd
give the answers in brackets.
1 lf it s too far to walk, and you can't afford a iaxi,
what can yo! get? (get the b!s)
2 What phfasal veb with gel means have a gooa
relat ionship'? (get or wettw th someone)
3 What phfase is lhe opposi ie of get better '?
lSer worse)
4 What wl l l probabty happen f you watk for ten
kitornetres? (you'lt get tired)
5 l fyou afe travel l ing in a l i f t and t stops between
f loofs th€n lr . . .? (gets stuck)
6 What's the opposite of leave work'? (get to work)
Unit 8: Task
Student A
Unit 5: Language focus 2
'1 n 2009, Agris Kazelniks ran 20 rnelres ln 11.40
seconas. He was carrying 300 kg at the t lme
2 fom Sietas set a new world record when he swam
200 metres. He did t Lrnderwater
3 Paddy Doyle completed T,868 press Lrps in one
hour ln 1993. He only used one arm.
4 r 2 0 0 4 S o r , a r o r r d . d l " . t 8 o 
q e 6 ( 6 ; 1 6 
S t o
did i t in n ine m nl r tes.
5 l r 20 0 a ld-" . ! Ddh I d l "d. ) bal loor ' L-eF
rnlnutes. He Lrsed h is rose.
Unit 6: Wordspot
Which expression with trJ i . . .
1 ' ra" r ' re are 1"" i g" or " o gL- '
2 means ini t ia[ [y ?
3 is the opposite of last thlng at night '?
4 means the thjng or place that yo! or want most?
q m p i . ! n r r h a L , a n , h o . t . r r , , 7
6 means you fat l in love w th someone as soon as
you meei them?
7 | . l F i r . L - i r . o - - r a a - r ' r o , . ' ( o -
I < l - - d " d o t p e o p l e o - r h r g , r " . r , o u g e L r h "
yo! first see them?
O i ( : r , , . a ^ f r m n a m a . l i . i l . . r a 7
10 nreans'before everyth ng else'?
iIr,r iilrr
r : l ; I , i , r
On 9th l\r.rch 1929, the body of31-yearold lsldor Finkwas round
in the b.ck room of the laundry he owned on Fifth Avenue,
New'o \ . I r I w"sdn inmqrdnrr .o4 modernda/L i thuanrc
and it s€ems that he had very few fr ends and nofamlly. on that
ev€ning, he had made sewral laundry deliveries before Gturninq
to hk living quarters at 10;15 p,m. At 10:30 his neighbour heard
(r .ar5b- t rc9,ns| -oBr"no deqded oG | | e po ' i r
Apolice oificer happen€d to be nearbyand managed to.each
thescene only a few minut€s afterthe fi6t(reams had been
heard.Af ter in terv i€wingtheneighbo!r i theof i icer t r iedthe
front door but found that it had been lockedf.on the inside.
Testingthe windows, hefoundthem allnailed shut onthe
insidq too. Becausethe wlndows were too 5mallior an adu tto
get thro lgh, the poi iceof f icera5ked a sma lboytoc l imb i . and
The offker was finallyableto get into the apadment and survey
the (ene. Fink! body 1ay on the flooi ten metresfrom the
dooeay. There were three gunshotwoundstothe body:nro
in the chest and one in his left wrist. How€vbr there was no gun
in the apartment. and no valuables had been stolen: there was
money both in Flnk'spocketand in h scash reginer
Ihe polke searched rhe pfemkesfor hidden doo6, blt none
were discovered. They invedigated Fink's ba.kground, but
found no (onnections with lhegangsteB whotetrorired
much of NewYorkatthattime. However, Finkwas certainly
frishtened ofsomething: he had made the laundry into a krnd
of fortre$. Allthe windows had heavt, iron barr.nd it was
equipped withthe best locksthat moneyco!ld buy-
Noohewas ever arrested forthe murderofkidor Fink and no
motive was everfound,Iwoyears laterln a radio intervi€wthe
oftker in charse ofthe investlgation, commissioner Mukooney,
dedaredthecase'an unsolvable mystery' and to this day it
r€mains in the'unsolved caseyliles of New York clq Police.
2dn leads ol no^)sp seu lauros aldosd oC
2)lP1 llPurs ]o lol e reaq ro^ oP suorserro teq^ uo
2qlel areaa
ur ed a)e1,(lqeqord plno^ aldoad ]o puL) teqn
2ra!/L!rq e)ll ro^ oo 2^rluno)
rnor u lsoq Moqs )llet relndod e aurPu no^ uel
zlnoqp Bur)le1^aq] ere leqM',dorl5 )let aldoed ]l
23uqoor ol saulol]t uaqi
lnoqe Buqlel ar,no,( lpq^ Mou) no^lulql no^ oC
lllaeaq/+losurLq o1
)1P1 o1 auoaLuos rol aq oraql tqSrLu suoseor leqy' I
2Paseald ro XrBue
eq no,( plnoM'norlo ̂lrl3 q a)ods auoau.ros J 9
.Jlasrlo( ol suorJrdo -ro^ cadl ro( oD
ro'sBLl qt tnoqe purur rnor)eads ot puat no^ od S
21ou ^ql /Iq^ 20 ppr )lpl ot ue$rtra^a no^ oO t
asProM
ueql rapnol qeadg leqM 'SLlxes all013u pro)rv €
.LJd.ltsP.evol l€or or oP
Moq rauoeuros qtL/\^ sLurat Bur)eads uo 10u er,no^]l Z
Z^epol sMau aqt ul slulod Suqlet Lreur eqt are leql L
'xPoq tg^e ) e
ro r.llnllaq] slfro]s s,uolleM s Aertraq]aqM arnsr0l sMo!)
auo ou'Iep slql ol ua^ord uaaq ra^a sPq srqllo euoLl
laAaMoH sualleuoqe paleu rn leq plP',urll rltM slep
Sulsslu eql Nads a^eq ^eu pue ]r ppe 09lerole qIM
ftpLrarl spM uollpl4 ]eq} p;uleir uaaq ue^a seq lL eap
.tlt ueur aqt ue^lS a^e! ̂eL! pue arolaq ̂llroLls +sPrpPorq
u..q ppq suo Dnpqe oJn inoqe aulurerSord At PIPL{1no
tuoa\tidarJ .ol pJlioMueuts\l1e!l,1ued[o)f, \d.o,
aql+olno f.uoLx ie3 o] dn polool seM fuols atoqM.ql
leq] p;]s.33ns u..q sPq tl ^ro$ aqllnoqe terlda)s arP
oqM ̂ueur uaaq a^pq.raq]'pueq raqp aql u0 lnoq8norql
pa^lo^ur ^tasop os uaaq.^eq elLlod aq] araqM sasP) Mal
pue'!oqrnpqP uP lo lun0l)e s,au0au0s aler0qoxol ol
sassallrM afa fiupur os uaaq aAPLI araqlEraqM sasPr M.l
are araq]:5IPM ^uPur urlensnun seMasel uolleM aql
sfq ple s]toq asoql p qtrM 3!ll33nrls seM aq se spuPq
srr.lle loqs.^p! fipu rareprnlr aql ilslrM slq uraloq tal nq
e pe! aq fqM u p dx; ostp lqSt!.r slrll roou aql uo pPap
3ursde or pup uroor.ql lsoDe 3u raS3els arotaq JtasLx q
sroop aql )rolol paSeuPLx MoqJuros Lreql pLre roop €rlllP
loqs seM aq leq] sr 'arol.r.ql'^1r rqlssod raqlo Iluo aq.L
'sroop pa)rolp!e sMopurM perreq aqllo asneraq'padPrs.
pue uroor aqlolurloS a^eLl luPr raraprnur s Llpuv aprrln!
paulurLror a^eq ],upr aq os'punolseM !nB oN )ull o]
pauadde!leqM /v\oq ̂aLl+a^.l.q Mou slradxa aullrl
, ., ,,fr..t, .,,. , t, .'
)sPI:8 llun
reqlo P
dn Bueq no^ )
lo ln, l€3 no^ q
aurt raqlouP )rEq euoqd ol a3Lrere no^ E
lPa^loser urelqord srlt 9l MoH t
raqlo P
eull eql uo suralqord l
uosrad SuorM aql3urua8 doa) q
ller ol eurrl Peq e s,lrP
zsrnl)o uralqorc ]eqy' €
raqlo a
lno lqBru P eSuele ol p
Sull.aur sseLirsnq e aBuerre ot )
luLelcuror e 3)eu ot q
leqr ̂lPuau, e roJ E
zlnoqe leq/ /{ql z
raqlo o
spuaLrj oA l P
sanBealol oA l f,
Fluoqd.l.l/r.uro$nr q
pual.rllrlS/pLr.Lr j^oq e
Z8ul)eeds sl oqy' L
ZL
OL
6
i. il i. iifiii$i:ll 'tilir" iif rl ! :! I iit l r i 
l
't6 a8pd uo e€ es!)axe Luorj
sessqd aleUdorddp Bursn lno suollpnt!s aLll DV )
^es ll!,{ no^ }eqMBuluueld selnulul Jo eldnor
e Pueds sl uollen]ls aql leurot ̂ oq lnoqP )ulql q
arllp€ sa^8 V lro{Jo plag syqqof? tr8ot srur:lu g .
'3.1!pe roj 'raqr?ar qsntu[ paJu.radxa ue
'V sallr"ordd" lqs/aH qo | $au € roJ .{prdrr qsn8ug
ualocls rraqt aroidur or spaiu ortd tuipqs € sL I .
(s€pl.IoJ EII ;8ed uo s 6ldttrs otpm
01urnt 'y) ar!^p€ .roJ suotl€ruas.rd 
Jo airuauadn.
to role qtl{ ant€alor roruis?'y saqr€orddP aqs
Fq os rr tnoq? oEot ̂roq {ourt tusaop pur qlrloul
rrcu sanS€allor Iro{ ot uou":rursard ? a^!3 01 stq g .
z uopenrls
'suousattns savur'Pu3uJ
E g r3q/uLl paruon lolr srr{ aqvaq ln1t sreal ]rtrl
'xas 3t$oddo 3qt to laquaur e^rt?€]!? u€ rotu stLI Y .
'suorisaSSns s3$u'pua l e'g aslnoi tuirc^a u€
op ro r$€lui aan '? dn a)i?t 01 SII?A pm dn pal sr V '
'suollsatnns siIEu'Pua'{
e'A eturqr € sluer pu! qofraw€q sa]sq y'rsr.la{!'j .
I uolr€nrls
'/v\olaq suollPntls eqllo auo asooql e
lodsprol^:OL llun
ti lrj iltl,:.il:ri:lfir ri:\ii :t.i,i I ir,l
tuqeedg :6 ltuq3u11ead5:g 1;u1'1
Unit 8: Task
Student B
Unit 12: Language focus 1
9 1l* i i r f s nr Fess
A - a ^7 to rJ pslnTs
Yo! are seli-confdent and comfortab e ln your own
sk n and yo! a ways tryto treat other peop e with
cons deration Yo! are Jar too sensib e to wony aboui
b - 1 9 ' . - o i , I r o - a . - a r - - - o i - l - e t h a r s g ' e d (
but yo! are. ' t 9o in9 to ose any s leep over l t l
Ce/eb/ity potenlialj 5/l0
14 to 18 Boiil'ts
Yo! are s!preme y conndent that oth€r people f ind
yo! fascinating, and almost everyth ng you do is done
to attract attention. Getti.g not ced is more mpo.tani
to you tha. other peop e s feel ngs. (Other peop e 's
fee ligs don't rea ly maiter to yo!.) Perhaps you' I get
. . r n d r a e . b c r b L o . - a r - 1 0 i t o - e , a r . e
Celebtity poLential: 1 Ai1 A
Yo! lack confidence, and tend to hide behlnd otner
peop e (sometimes lltera yl). You wotry too much aboL:
what other peop e ih ink and aret ightened to s land
o L r ' r o - t e . r o ^ d B - n 9 ' a - o . . s . t e a , . . 1 - n 9
the world yo! wou d enjoy. There! noth ng wrong with
that, but try to be ieve ln yo!rself a bit more.
I t yo! don' t , no one e se wl l l
Celebtity potential: A/1 0
On 5th November, 1975,
a forestry worker caled
Travs Wa ton was driv ng
home through the woods
near Sfowf lake, Arzona
with six of his co leagues,
go den disc about six
meires wide suddenly
appeared, hoverins
ahead of them. The
seven rnen starec l rn
amazenent. Then Travis
did something extraord nary. He got out ofthe truck
and wa ked towards the d sc. was afraid it would fy
away and wou d m ss the chance of a lfetli.e,' ne
As Travis got c oser, the disc made a oud no se. Ihen,
a c c o c l i o r o " e e - m - o b - o . o b . - 9 - .
lghl shot out from the disc and he d Trav s above the
grouid before throw ng h m backwards. He anded
severa metres away and d dn't move. 'Let's get olt of
here l 'screamed one of the men in the t r !ck and they
After a sho.t dlstance, the mei stopped and decided
to 90 back and ind thei r Jr end. When ihey got ro
where the d sc had been, it was gone, aid so was
Travls. The police were soon invoived and searches
began Blt no trace of him cou d be fou.d.
As the days passed, po ice became suspicous o l the
menl story. A lof the men were g ven a le detector
test, which they al passed. Then, {ve days atrerrhe
dlsappearance, Trav s's brothetsin- aw recelved a
phoie cal : 'This s Travis and need help. Come and
get me. 'Trav ls was foLr .d on the f loor of the phone
booth wear ing the same c oth ing as when he hao
disappeared. He seemed afraid and !pset and kept
ta lk ing aboul a lens wl th te i i i fy ing eyes. He tholght
he'd on y been gone for a few hours.
Alter he recoverecl, Travis to d an exvaord nary story
ot belng i is ide the UFO Ne descr ibed st range a lens
wl lh enormous brown eyes and h!mans who smieo
but said noth ng Soon afterthe event, Travis was
9 : . " 
r - d - r . c o . - \ ' . F - o .ao A av , o . - . l . - 6
he tooktwo more tests, both of wh.h he passed.
Unit 12: Language focus 2
- 01 eft ro igl ' r . 1. ,1 cl 'd-r Ja , ,o" l l \ i , DreJe).
v d l ) . M o r r o e . l o h r L " , r o r . A r , ^ i ' e l o L s e
n
.
-
n
-
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
lsol llrr st r.IP/r{ str.l l! /{ou) 1,uop .,r t
'Mou rsot stlslei^ stH q
-Mou 
))eq r 1o3 si.'$nq Folseal. ea slH e
'Flleasrtl lsol s,aluef
-Mou 1ou uril1nq iarnorP^e4 e sea 
| )
rsunor l3^e4 P.q or P3sn I q
'^ ou ralrno.l.^e4 e u,le
sre.^ lP.ra^as roj raunor l3^P4 e sP Pqroa I
'P.qsru|} sea 
leau .ql '.P3^lre .a usql )
€ulre3 ar./,l ̂.qt 'pa^!rre .a uiq,$ q
'3u4P. uPSaq ^.qt 'pa^txe .a uaq,\ E
'pa^ur€ a^{ uaq^{ l.uurp 
Pltre1s P,^.qt
'^ ou ureds 01oB.l )
'.ruo uEqlarour ulPds or1uia.,1^ q
'aruo uleds ol 1uaa .,\^ P
'sleploqrnoroi utpds ol oB otpasn./t !
z(l).slPl
ro u,.n4aot.q ]_e rtuaur.t€$.rv Ft s3)uailasPtool I
lepuns ha^a t,taLiaapue.t6llu ataA ol pd'
'?uolMoq ro sautr^ueu aq E
r,uop.M'orpas, qll -uo ^luo u.ddeq leqr suolDerol orf,5
3sn louuo 3a rnq 'ol 
P.sr ro Pe.rsurslduF lsed 3qr.sn s^er!
uP) 3t '1sPd 3q1 ur sereF 
PUe slrqPq SurqurseP roJ o? pasr em 3t
(putur,{u
ut st 1l 'Sulraplsuor =) plpg a,( )eq^ 1tlaqe 6u1\u!qt u,t tuott'
(uoluldo fu slslql =) !'lrr,t'tntal.lp a.t,ha[Iut|i IEle1s
lsuqe! =) abl!.r e 6ut^e4 d,,Gtt L tuat]}-
(ssassod =) 'arrral .r^1or rqJ r e6u tuaut ip.tp ue 6^e4 la|]:a!e$
(stql all ^llensn 1ou
staq ',(p^ sl(118u!^Eqaq slsq =) ,(tph|l,la^ 6ulaq tdH tuaNDg
(raDaeqr stq stslqr =) 4prei{ /Ja^ s, aH :ateF
'Sutueeur 
lo a8uPp
€ sr aroql 1nq suopP pue $lPls qloq aqlrsep upr sqra^ auros .
u\o ads a^Pq Duolbq aa
' 
attet uaw aasteaq taa!
r rfu.fvudI
arnlnl . | >< i
.<.-'-''',
(Mou er.q rou s..r.ts =) /al,{pea4e s,atleD iau qo
sqlorpa)ul.re lnq ruas.rd.qr oj.q puaddeq qrtqM
s8ulttl rot pssn I qrtqM 'rret.d uosord sqr or stql sredurot .
p.^ure aq
arnlnl < | >< >< )
'.'.--.--''.--''-
'p6^uteaqautlaL fq aI 
Peq a]!el)
'lsPd .qr ul 3ur!r 
,o lulod e.rolaq
Fu.ddpq prqMstuiqrioj p.sn srpi,l3d rsed.ql .
tr3#3d ]sed 9
(Mou araqr l]or\ t,uop I
'rspd aW ul .{alatdu.ror =) 'r ee( o ro! ahdp'uls ut p.:to^ I
(Mou araql lJoM llls | =) 'rpan a^t.ol arode6utsu pa],]oa.^,1
'3tduF rsed sqrasn 3^{'$ed aqr
uraur4]o Potrao p€qstu[ e aqlrsap 01'1]3tr3o lussard aq1.sn
.^{ lu.sard aql 01 dn au!1 Jo polad e r3^o $nupor uolDe ue lt .
'.ra 
6aoz ut uaq alaq )ade o6e l)1a .taLuansl4aaf)$e1
'slduts lsed aql qlrM
pasn uato arP sasPrLld.uq 3raql lsed .$ ut ,tlolatduo) Suraq
se aas./r{qrtqM saPrsro suolperot pssn slstdutslsPd aql .
(Mou l qll/"\ rellluerun ue | =) ,a.eadpue)eja pe Lue^eq l
(Mou u.torq s! t.l Fq =) 6at )aq uatdq r,eqs
'^ ou ruPlrooutro ruP et.r 
ltls st1t ru.s.rd .qr or P3)uI stlnq
'$ed aqr ut paGddeq uorDe ue uaqMpasn sr D.Jr.d ru.ssrd 3tu .
aldur!s lsPd Pue pa#€d lueserd I
s3su.s.^u oqr aqt)s€p leq1 sqra^ r
lue^ aleq a ol $t!1 ltataP aPe
suo4ous.qf)$P leql sqra^ q
Pttlt bquduo. va't -d6.al --'6e.P, -l-q -,.6
suolutdo Pue $sserord rqBnoL+ oqtr$P leql sqra^ e
:epnPu,.saq surotsrolurlLo) r Punor {tarPr are {rll5uo,pe
ueqrr.qrer $lPls.qu)s.p (sqr. .lPrs) sqrsi\1o Fqunuv
sqra uotpe Pue elels
'ppd aq olut ud 6op e ,\ubpphr tdtt^ 6uale 6u!^!rPre^ i
'.Fldurorut IPls aLlos ul
se .as a^ 1eql ro '$ed aql ut aurll 
lo lutod e lP s$r;ord u! 3r3M
1Pql sa1€F io suotDP aqlrsap or pasn st snonuryor 15Pd aql .
]e auoqpbaqs tepleteaf)eltdtaq u luhe iaqiE^al tua^ aueI
'poopapun ro pi1els uauo
srP.uaddPq uope oqr uaq^ autlaql .t€tduoc sP aas aM reql
FPo.ql u!salElsro suotlrP sqpsap ol p3sn stalourts lsPd aql ,
snonulluor lsEd Pue qd!!!slsed z
(porod porrolre ro] =) aphrq,{q 6uluo u,t taa lqtnq'
(op ̂lt€ns. re!^\ sls L.t1-) -yar' ot ulut aqt 
4et t Ai?uoN
'.uD 
ro PolFd P.Iull
e €^o Sutu.ddeq ro .Flduorut '&produlr se e.s .M rpqr sButqr
rol P.sn sr snonurluo lu.sard .ql'!.uPurad se .es .M leqrrc
^tretn? uaddeq leqr s3ulqiroj pasn sratdulstuosird sqrolq/r
snonulluor lues d Pue apurlspasard t
sruJo, q.ro^ luasE.ro Pue ls€d
E
Z Choose the corect verb foffi. I
1
PRACTICE 2
write an auxiliaryverb in the.offect position ln each
1 Thetest wasn'i asdifficultaswe expected,^ it?
2 You don't tike Madavery much,you?
3 Kate wasn t keen on sport before, but she now.
4 A: Steve s decided to look for a new job.
B: h€? What made him wantto leave?
5 A:Didyou see an) , th i rgunusual in the pa*, l .4r Bal l?
8: Yes, l. There was a group of you ng men acting suspiciously.
6 l4a na Look welL she?
7 A: We havent been here before.
B: you? Thafs surprGing.
6
Uses of auxiliary verbs
Auxiliaryverbs are often used to enrphasise things,show interest,
ask questions or avoid repetition.
ldo hate itftlleh nr' ncigibaupiays hr! husic $ lt\ri
Lnt !rc 1<lid ln& thc daar
You can showinterest in whai sonreoie said by respondingwith
a shortquestion usingan auxitiary ved. The auxiliaryverb must
agree withthetense and penon ofthe main sentence.
A: I re qat \ir: dtattJ. hiklter
8r ijr/eyorl Horkrr.tr
A: u1e .ridr t 1r/ie rlre t/a, .r r ll.
Bt Re.l!!,.lidn tyar. r,lty ron
Notice here that positive questions are usedwith positive
senteices, and negativ€ questions are used with negative
Questiontags atthe end ofa statementencourage the listener
to espond. Here, negative questions are usedwith positive
sentences, and positive questions with negative sentences.
r.t Neft qnbe.ed (+)yfu keys, hown t(-)yor?
tr i\r't \ ). \,Pt)/ ri.e day, is (+) i!?
lf there is no doubt about the sratement, rhe voice goes down.
\
li Br't arcly tic. day hitl
lfthere is an element ofdoubt, ihevoicegoes up.
lar'rli rcn jetnL,eted \/au leo, hsv;n t,/.ua
. To avoid repetition
W€ also use auxiliaryverbs to avoid repeatingwhole phrases.
trttaye.l rhe liltn vcty trt.t1L, i)uLIhastalntyltiendsdidn t
(= enjoy rhe film very much)
' ' 1 - . . r . r . , . t . - , , . - " . . f 1 - ,
/)!r lleran.rfa do€s (= u'rde6taid ltalian)
This iscommon in answeru toyeslro questions.
A: qave!o!o.'i.,v!rr horr.tr!/tl,er?
B: t!r, a.nri4i, rialj (= done my homework)
When lwasyounger, lraveplayed / play I usedtoplay
footbalton the beach with nry fiiends.
In his 20s, M ichaet ,as lived / Ityed / ,sed to live in the US for
Ihis week, Kate is iooklr9 atet / Iooksaftet I
us€d fo rook atrer the shop for the owne..
Unfortunately, th€ coicert tad statted I statted I
usedto$artwhen we gotthere, so we missed the fiBtsong.
I Md / was rcading / used to read the newspaper ihe other
day, when I saw an int€resiingjob advertisemenr.
I have seen / sa\a / used to see Neil yesterday.
Can I call you back taier? We're having / have | have had
Did it rain / Was lt hining / H8 it ralned when you Last
Does / t / Has this umbrella belong / belonging I belonged 2 Rewfitethe underli.ed verbs with an auxitiary, to giv€ th€
sentenc€ gr€dter empha5is.
lenjoved th€ concert Last night, itwas realtygood.
t dtd erja)t the.ance 11 lan niltht. n )ta s really aaad
I llovevouf new hairstvle.
2 Atex rnske! me taugh.
3 I be3l!! you ihe first time.
4 l lhiob/oute right.
5 | Wsilcd for you for ages.
6 You $csk Sood Erglishl
3 lvatch5entences 1-10to responses a-j.
1 Does Amy like cats?
2 Wewentto Paris at theweekend.
3 Doyou take sugar?
4 Ar€you sureyou want to come?
5 | was 21 yesterday.
6 Haveyou seen Starlrekl/?
7 Areyoujapanese?
8 We've got fourcats.
9 l'm going shopping. Can I get you anything?
10 Did you spe6kto Sarah yesterday?
a I haven't but the children have.
c ldo need some sugar.
d Yes, ldo want to, honestLy.
e ldo, butlohn doesn't.
r lanr but Kim isn't.
g OhlDidyou?
h Really? Wereyou?
j Yes, ld id.
zuPrP Puor.s PUP 1s.ru rno^ uasataq rru€DrJlP
Etq e i+st . oqp s&rs a^!r .qr aolol .^eq ptnoqs
puapl $aq p rpql s.nlFnb .qr tnoqp qder;pfd e r+t/\ €
uorl?r4rmdpxE reururerS 3rq:dq LoI
2aonol /(pp.{p no^ op sdsrs t|)!q/t\ qslt?u3 ut Il.^!paj,5
.rou €r!401no^dPq lla aoleq sd.ls.^$.qr z
. ii. r, jli.rr r r:itli :.ri 1r 'l
'suoltlsod€rd ,(]essa).u r(ue r€quaueu s€ru. as
a|ourexa srlrn ]' rro rrrea qta p€sn aq uer Pqt lsll
ProM .sdlqsuoDeFr, .qr u!sqra^ rq3!5 rseit r€ puH z
i lsnrlol 5 l
. rloodns t
l).d$r or t
: e^lpn4s.P z :
: .t duool t
.. 
.^rp€h! cFi
'.tqel€qlJo rs .qr
aFtdruor 01 &luolrrtp e asn z,o€Lroli)tp E tuFn $oqrtM
ar.Furor nor( uer sqro^/sa^lpolpE 3ulsslu {ueur MoH !
lf .fvudI
1r {?3qc gErp l€rry .mo^ it! r ol {r€qpa.J .r{r aso
lJ€rp I€rL{ s
eeuoJ qJaa tcalb, eut,pasn,I a.ntI dLraqD4tlrlrd
LlhLoM pestx I aanq Jast nn,at I ttl| an-qdnrotn
ra4eq D eraql v :se r].ns suousanb {sY Jlasrno,{
lr {iraqtr ro luopnls €qtou€ o1 1JR4 rno,{ aoqs
{rsqpaeJ pw tuppa{c t
'lrLmr au4 € urqld !J?rp tsru e 31u1t
rJBJP 1TIJ 8
'an!rn4s mo^ tg 
luop qr+I$
s"opr ,{u€ .^ourau r.pro prlSol e olln s€€pr mo-{ tnd
tu.mrrruls A
'apnpn xq8nu non s3ldul?r. pu8 sJrdol aql lsr1
uol?BuroJut tqraqrat pua E\mdard I
srse..td ternreu SuBq Su,lFds
.se€ptuao rnor(F lslt aqr uorr.sooq) iqslt8ul
u€rrthqrtM su.jqord uouuo) rsou rno,( are reqrr\ !
sProa rq3! oqrBulpuu
seaPr rnol Bursrue8ro
se.Ptqr$ dn Sutuor .
reuuPr3 .
aserqd tsaq 3qr .soorp t
ttHlo
3u llauos Surop dn pu. or
rureBe Rurql.uos oP or
'tuasad e F6 
/ t!ft^o p6 ro{ dlatt 11,11 ltd slqralpl 9
auu sea 3q',^ltnnuEql
'ajoql Sul^t ulq Aes I uaqa pet!],o6 
| Itoqt e 106 | S
suollerutenb auros 1a3
01 p.au no^qolraraqerr6 | )e'!qta6 ortuel1,na( ! t
'\te q h6ue p6
/rrrrstort 1(Epol$u3tr.dxa ButualqSfl e slnb peit | €
't!L!1! 
lpt uoF6 / qol aqlrai I iauo Xuunt es,leql z
'PIoteta6 
| $o1ta6t|,rat^eNres aq13)er l,uop no^ lt I
SurIEs sr.uo.uosleqM r.l or
)l]oaorl.lor
P.11 1.3 or
l)n$r.3or
ssau|rue r. o 1.3 or
{roanof qrrM uo r.a or
iloouos qra (lFA) uo 1.3 or
tsol lr3 ol
'/1^ou 1l
BJrliS u.t f rjodoq rnq pto) peq { per p pp.t ..
iaseald Sut el ou pooSaquarpltpno
'auo{.a^. ql$ srcB rqs 3u,o3/sei,0.^ s lru
')10/l{rno^ qr^/, 13B pue Suqlpr do$ no.( u€:,
' .ui Su.rlrd sIeMtP s rq ssoq r,u 3te.
3!o.@os$tut ol
qrnrr.qlll3lor
SunFe
tutP tr e
ruoauosD.dsaol
uaop auoauos tnd ol
auoauosaqPolor
3e@oro e oaal or
aDqM,(ue
luto?1,ui (dLrts!.EPlJ E)
uouuo) urrol e 3^Eq (lou)or
)i)eqrtaqr
Puqaq .uo.uos lnoqe dBsol or
.uo.uos qllM uo rai (1ou)or
3uoauos,q p€uarearql 1a€l or
or roLadns/o!ajur laal or
.uosuor qr M rno llel or
drqsuoirqa. r:rurs.p s
€lo3uos ur sPuuor 01
.uo€uos qth .l.duor o1
.uo.uos sPeMoru.tor^.q o1
.^rlroidns aq o1
.uo.uos ro snoPaf3q ot
suoauos or PfoF PneIol iq or
qla .q or unj aq 01
.uo.uos or osoP aq ol
SdtHsNo[\n]t
5
€
z
I
l3^o dn uo mo uMoP uo
lPFA
eru..uo st ii.qt)xoq.qt urpjoMDaxoreqr qIA
aoFq s€ru.!.s .q1 .1.td!uor pup tsll pFA egra ol €
3u!l!.r^a.ronaq ol sdaF a ll
Forming adjectives
'I Prefixes used to form opposites
'Notethatthese prefixes can also be usedwith some verbs,
e.g. disagtee, unlock.
mis- ;-t-a"otooa, : l"afy, in tf'" *rong l
: nFma4aSed , way
: -
rcft+op non 
' 
without,1or
snot i .s
! der i oveFcooked : toomuch :
, 0",,- 0",;-*";' arte,
, tr* t"-*". U"ror"
i p- ; pro+uropean I infavourof I
;"- 
- 
.,",10.,".n-g"i ugur
sell . self-conra.n- : ,"U,'na,o 'u"i,
I undeF : unneFcooked ! notenough l
g".ar.",,,0"r", coo*,"-0";"0 ie."o
bad/badly oad--erEre. Dal
2 Common suffixes for adj€ctiv€s
-ed : depressed, talented' - - : -
-fut ! pow€rful, successful' - : - -
I -k : enthusiastic, scientific' :
: 'we i insecure, unsure
i - ' - - - ! ' - - ' - - ' - '
: 'ine r exciting, frustrating
:
: ive aggressive. ntensive
I tess resttess, hopetess (= withou!/
"v 
.. cruTPl:w::r:y.
r This suffix sometimes means'can be'(wasrable = can bewashed)
REMEMBERI
N,lany adjectives to describe tuetings have both af lrgandan edform.
The -ed form iescribes howyou feel.
Inverytircd this noming
The -lng fom d€scribes what makes yor feetthat way
Lookiig after babies can be v€ry ti ng.
Fowev€r, not atl-ed/-1,9 adjectives have both forms.
Ben is a very talented nai.ian.
ronu|at ely, her lllnes isn t catching.
IPRACTICE 1
1 Add prefix€s to form the opposite of the adjectives betow.
3 Loyal
frjendly6
7
8
9
1 0
2 Choose the corr€ct definition.
1 anri wat = agalnst / in favoutofwal
2 non'violent = agairsf / wi#od violence
3 oveFconfident = rooco"tdent I notco,fidentenough
4 pre-paid = paid fortnadvance I aftewatds
s post-natat= be&'e / afer birth
6 misinformed = gtve, tne wrong infornation / intomed agaln
3 Which word in each group does not beLong with the suffix?
1 succe*- | power I talent fuL
z confid- / pe5ist lpleas-ent
3 disappoint- | enthusiast- | pessinist- ic
4 health- / inpon lwealth- y
s hape- | inagine lpenni- less
, , . . t . . . . t : . t - . . . .
: -able*, -ibLe I miserable, responsible
. "l 
physicdl psvcho.ogicdl
-ant . -e. r , 
.e . r . . . . . 
p leasar t , vo.ent , er f ic ien
'latP qser) e uo
o3 ueql lrtSr.a asot lo treMrou€q e sr ot,(lsalll rnotr g3Lreqf,
/uoaD5r.rnduor
P jo 1rio4 ! rts a rno,(Ieq puads ueql io{rol ralFq s re
qs.4 ortl u asrrsx. aler puE rno o31Pql)ulqr no^l,uoc
'al0oac M.u rieu
,o ̂eMretndod e auo)lq seq uoor teq.1.uralu ue utof
urot qra^.!tt se iures aql{lpexa 3re suro! raqlo ̂ueh
iUfAW3U3U -e osr-.e.c oP Lelr r qe Jo! rrou PUe .i lea s. L{3..1r ol
o3leq1 pu!,ss.ulLtrl.q1 a^ordut or qe^r oq^ .ldo.d ̂ueh t
'urol,!t€tll u!€q 
Ptnoqs qrlqa PIoq u!spro/{ aq1.ul!.Pun
!€3EUeu a.u r.ql sPrEMol-lo 1ol e l1.l ltels altl
raBEUeu aa! i aql or .trlsott tua^ araa ltels aqr 9
'.rt}}o lsod.ql 
lo 
- !e 5L.r.l
'.rulo Fod aql^q 
P.Ioldu. sLaH S
' lro^PUErr.Pun uer I
'snotxuPosarP no^fqaPuerr.Pun ue) I t
' asop ̂'r.^ P a^Eq 
Pue lou
'spuatrl asop fi3^ ua.q s^PMtP a^e't 
Pue ̂ou €
' 
,o rot e 3^eq ot psau ro,('qolsrql oP o.L
'a^,le.J) {ra^.q or paa! ro{'qolsrql oP 01 z
. .dd,q F. prr ,of Drc
JPllq: e sP {ddeq no^.r€r' !
.,sru eqr se rues
.qlsueaur I os unou e qrta€ru€ruas Puor.s .r.11 llatduol
uo4 sunou rrerlsqe urol ot P.sn ̂tuouuor ̂'3^ s tta/- .
'sqr.^ uort surou Derlsqe urol 01P.sn uorto sl tua&- .
surou urroJ o1Pasr r.u are uose Pue uot uo!r(s)- uoll- .
'.ll]:j]].
s.^lpatpe uor] sunou uro] o! p.$ ere f-pue ha!-'Ir!- .
i.ql saurq.uros P!€ sla|aq si.tdoad aqurs.p ol Posn 5ltsl- .
ririr i: r,!r:i r i.!. r!,.lri. !i -.r i
'sunou De4sqe.uos rtllM Pue
sarSotoaprro suor8ll.i retn. !pd aq|lrsap ol pasn ualo 1 e5t .
|i:] l] 1..]]].] : l i
'atdood ueo^\rsq sdrqsuorlpFr ro aJ|jo spoEd qtM
Palraruor.soql ̂Ie radse sunou persq€ uroJ 01p.sn sLPoor/-
'qorrelnrruea
e op reqr s?ulglro atdoad ro, p.sn uauo ere.ro- pu€ uP!ra- .
(paulerBuroq sl o,.1^ uoead =)i.,,r,1
(pafoldus rtort^ uosrad =) ..',i'rL r
'p3rlrotad st uotDe ue uoqa uo uorao € aqlDsap 01p.sn ttae- .
:]]i' :.:i.
luo ror4e urSurpua sa^D.fpp
uo4 sunou rrerFqe uro} ol P3sn usrjo.re t ua- PuP.)uP- .
6
8
9
5
E
z
sruP- arqs- ssau luau-
'xoq €q1!rs€xlt ns aqr qIAMotaq suno!.qr ar.tduo:) L
z lftl)vudI
rro.r/!1, \t i1!.r!ir! rti':!r:ir:ri iir rrrlirr r.r r
,:lrirjtr.lrr,r.r.rti
:uoIesl3^uor uiro
ti.ri llirir r:l
: ]| il].l. ]1Ji] illj:r i ii].i i]
:slst loruM ut.q ue) asa!.l
'sorlaluas €Flcuor olu $d 1ou.r€ tarl^ffe ro seopru.q^ .
eaP leql aqutrsaP 01unou.lS!Lsou st.r3rt1uaqM .
t!r!ti.!|., / rir I Jr r i:r!rrir: rr:.1.|rrt:i rrr.
(or.rl€^tltuUuLaql
asn 1ouuer./^ ) sEaP pE4sqP ro serlr^nrE teralo3 aq!trs.P or
rpasn ^tuouuor s 1t alotpro'ar!.l!.s aqlro Dafqoro p.fqns all
se r3q!. !no! e sE.{eM alues.ql ur Pasn s (uro} 6u!) PunraB.u
sunou roJ sexl ns uouu.rol L
spuniet pue sunou Bulurol
sPUnreD z
t[
i l
[iil\\N
ADJFCTIVES TO DESCRIBE FEETINCS
2 CompLete the sentences.
behaviour creeps fortuie giggle
nap security socialtife
I
2
3
The sitly picture onlake'sT-shid made everyone
Mygrandparents are 80, but stitlhave an active
Lota decided to join the civilseryice because ofthe
5
6
That maskyou are wearing reaLly gives me the
I th i l k the c l - i ld ren s rou a ia (e d oero? wegu
When his fatherdied, Alistair inheritea a
WORD' WITH PREFJXES THAT CHANCETHE MEANINC
good and badthings in life
OIHER
to €iggle
out, or th€y'llbe iired.
7 Our re gtbouB have beei reporredto lhe polke for
anti-social
3 There is much _ with the government over recent
4 This work is _ . Yo! wilt need to do it again.
s He's_with the investigation, and wants a new on€
Using a dictionary for wordbuilding
1 Use the extracts betow to find...
. the past tense, -irg form and thkd pe6on (ne, ire, 14
. the noun from iafit and iis opposite.
' thFe adjedi!er f or sdr,'s'. f,nd the ditleren(e in
meaning, and the opposite ofeach one.
. : ' r i . l j . r i n n , q c , r a i . p l i . l d t i l e o l - o p ' , - - -
because lou have achieved somethi4
toppasite = di\s.rti2f.t 7ianl
sat.i sfn dory \ setras'f.ektari\ adl sonetlxig that is
satistactory secnB good enoLtgh for a pardcular sitraiion
lopposiie = zTaarisjacrolgl
satistied \,sEtraslard\ arrj plcsed because somethtug has
happened as you wanL. of because vou have golr what
you e?nt lopposiie = .iAearis]tedl
s{tisfl \,setrasfar\ ! satisfied, satisf}irg, saiisfres to mak-"
someone pleased b) doing what thcy Mnl
sdlisryinE \ setFsfar rrj\ dlj makhg you leel pieased
and happy. b-a.ause yox have got Rhat you wanted
loppasite - unsatLsJuins)
2 Complete the sentences below with a word retatedto
sattt. For each missingword, think about...
. whetheryou need a verb, noun, adjective, etc.
. ifthere is morethan one adjective, noun form, etc. Make
surcyou choose the word which makessense in the gap.
. iryou need to add any prefix€s, suffixes, etc. (there may
be mor€ than one).
1 ltwas very_to beatour rivals United in the final.
2 Although we colld stitl do better, our overalt progress has
IPRACTICE
,: rl r.r L.1r i fi
hostitity
2
3
5
6
7
8
9
l 0
1 1
1 2
1 3
'14 fit
-!oP ruo{I eqr 
Jo rno s{e{ eqr a4flrd
udaq pttt I suqtxd sn^ I p ap4 puE pEs 3q.'eseq1 pesn 5 eq
Plnoa I '.tnoq mo[ olu 
IDdq 'n peluea P,I JI iuBpEn,
-\.axgqs N $ 8ulloot uaq p.tE 
I paryot tH I paryot pp$e
.aseeld'nq?ruuu.pr euos eos r ptnoJ.
'wrq p4so p.r 
/ 3qtrtsa soa r / pr{s? 1, oi 'doteq u?ursod
qW 3ultas u.aq t.updl / ars t.uqlp I uaa, Lupott r pw se6[.
o.rq) Jol 6tuq {B n t{rit u aaq p.I I potlt I | 8u!q u.rt
'pr€s 3q 
.'erlluSls 3 spetr qqqa 'no{ roJ t5l.?d e o^Eq L
'ueuqsod eql sla rI Dop
tt! @ 3uplrout so,i I papou\ p. I patpouLtunos @q
Moqlc SuPFot so.l tparyoap. tpatuo\I tgryot[$e-l
i{torD{ '{toux
'sqr.^ p.xo! .qr .soorp €
Fra8u.ssed iaqlo
.qlall Mopt'lasqrlo lno)oot ol aln plno^ aq] ()se)-0,
pup'slel ]3Buv aqlra^o (^u) 6 ̂aql lpql utq or
(u rpldx.) -e 
4 pu,) Mi]) utqpr eql Jo.uo uiqM sa$utur
.urosro]leql3)|l (r!s)-r aH saaq iq u.a^ Fq peaq srq
Llrd Dre^eol3L Le.r'uonFod qspr)..1r o]ut0.3) . pL.4
^ur ruEd u, pue 'SuBnoqs ,prparot (un, 
r ea8u.sspd aq1
jo lsol^ qstueds u]^rp.lPx3 tut)eads (!eF 4!.ppnt -,
toltd oqr @]d r.r.ru or rnoqe .ot (,(t .I"]r
lueddEq)-z fuuil ahbS!tqrouros uaq/,\ o8p eea^,u.J p
elrauv qlnos utrltuJrDs.uop e uo (la pr) , pualtr!,1
'uro, paro).uo ueql.rour aq ,(Eui .r.ru
'snonulruo) D.!ad rsed ro rralr€d $ed 'snonut o) lsed
'atduls Fed :asu.t rr.rjo) €qt u! rOoF .rl1 u! sqra^ aqt rnd 
Z
wturl ea uaiq pPq aq
a,i!r }o['.^, irl//i i,o(.Dr trl]}]4 tl,a{O r Jf
'sPa^. l'ed ureu
aqlloun dn onutluo) qrqM suorlrp s.q!)s.p uauo pu€ tua^.
uelo uotrernP oqr s.sse'tdu. snonur orFajl.d lsPd aq.L
ruas.rd p.^rrp.rtod aqi P3lE3ddes p {.q1
arn1n, < | X -
!;[/]rir)rrn, ir (rf4l Pa.ihildcsip p! Lr r'Ir.rtrr ; ir i
t\po d,I jo t5po dqr, d.e ̂dq.L .^.rprrpu
urPur aqlutsluo^33111€roriqqua^..qursapr.sualaraqlqlo€
snonuguor pallad $pd pup eldulsp.rr.d lsed
aurortlo8 faql
3u !€^\ se^\ auotua^a
'rr;(irr;r1j rr l,rtntea re"q rrDr rorn ?r.ii o)i,lli] r-rt,lt
51ua^. !reur iqr
lo aunaql le ssartord ulsuolDp saqrDsap rnonuouorFed iql
e$]d pa^tre ̂aql .Jrod oqr p.Ier I
srnlnt ( >< X -- -
rl.r.jl]ljr. rJ tDr-,c r.rr,or^|rp .1aLri l)N ;r,,ioJ JL/i filtlr /
'a^rlexeu rsed e ut sl$ e uleu aqr seqlrssp atd u ls rspd aqr .
Ma] p roj Fqlo qreaM.q 4uo ̂.qr.paupur lot ^.q1uaq,M
.{ps ol lerta.pr).p
l,upip llrs uqol '!)..ds s,upur 15eq srq erol.q srnoq oMl
'lqttu Ie Pa^ ous1r-a1rq,v\ sP^\
araq^\.&a^s Suturou oqr uraop!|M aqllotno palooltuaq,M 5
aroraqreq anlq pafp q!^ auo^uP
,\es ra€u ,{.q1 - otruer€addp srq rp p.zeure se^ auo[e^]
rrnoq lpF^.srol P3rtea ̂!ql .1u.uarunouup up eppur fIeuU
auo.uos ourr .'11 ̂q palPrlsnr,,ia^ arai'\ sra8uassed aq.l
'.rolaq rau 3aleq1p.sl€ar 
t'puarrlUr8 /,\au srq ̂ ps tuoos sV
'par araa $fi r.rt .sn€..q p.H3 aqs lPqr snor^qo seM 1l
z
snonultuor $ed Pue aFurls$ed L
Butlo^
6u!- +qa^ + da /te^
,iI!r rr.rLip.Lr
'r.pJoproa.qr atuep or p3au {€ur nol sqra^ aqtp€riol
'snonuDuo) rr.rrad rsed ro €tduts poll€d rsed sql utaq
plnoqs aotaq.ruauss qre. utsqr6^ €tduls |sed €Ll1lo 6uoL
I I tftrfvud
sosu.l o !lElleN
Continuous aspect in other tenses
Continuous vetu foms can:
' emphasis€ that an action lasts for some time.
t've.utn,y fingetr(= ac:.ianlasts for onty a moment)
t've beencuttihg Jne\toad.l= action lasts for some rime)
. describe an action that is in progress but not complete.
Ithiik t'Uwatch a filhr tonloiloyi. (= a complete action)
Dant.allne tll be watchingr,rr. (= jn proCress at rhat tim€)
. emphasisethatan action is repeated.
tntls tauthr trDthttg F on e)
t've beeniogingy.u aU inotnl,gr (= sev€rat times)
' describe a situation whKl- is tenporary.
she ll stayvilh het\ittq after lrte,iity. (= perhaps Longterm)
she tt bestayihg at het sistet s iro6e tdr.1/e,v day!. (= temporary)
2 Each pah of sentences beLow i5 correct. what is the dlfterence
between each pak?
1 a Kristina s gone to the $/m.
b Kristinat been goingto the $/m.
2 a He changed his mind.
b He was changinghG mind.
3 a she had phoned my parents se.retly.
b she had been phoning my parents secretly.
4 a 1'llwritethe rcport attheweekend.
b I'llbe wdting the report at the week€nd.
5 a ll€ft when heariived.
b lwas teavingwhen he arrived.
3 Tickthe best r€lponse, a, b or c.
1Ar Wherewereyou at seven o clock tast night?
B: a I had dinner. Why?
b I was having dinner.Why?
c Ive been having dinner. Why?
2A: What 's theprobiemwithyourthumb?
Br a I've been brcaking it.
b l'd broken it.
c l've broken it.
3A: Wh€n! the besttimeto phone?
B: a Oh anytime. Wewon'tdo anlthing special.
b Oh anyiime. We don'tdo anything speciat.
c Oh anytime. We wont be doinganJthingspeciat.
4A: Have you spoken to Mrs O'Brien yet?
B: a No,Ive been trying to get her since nineo'clock.
b \o. Im t rv inSto 8et l -er rnce. ine or lock.
c No,ltied to get hersince nine o'clock
5A: Oh no,l've lost my wallet.
B: a When have you last been using it?
b When wereyou last usingit?
c When did you last use it?
6 A: You tooktired.
B: a Yes,I've been running
c Yes, l've run.
7A: What's your address?
B: a l'm stayingwith my parents atthe moment.
b lstaywith my parents atthe moment.
c Ive been stayingwith my parents at the moment.
8A: Did they offer you a ptace at univeBity?
B: a Yes, and l've been accepting it.
b Yes, and l've accepted it.
c Yes, and laccept it.
9A: lneed th's Letter poning.
b l'lt be doing it.
< l ' l ldo i t .
10A: woutdyou like a doughnut?
8: a Nothanls. Ive been eat ing bBcLi ts a l lmorning.
b Nothank,I've eaten biscuits aLlmorning.
c No thank, la te b iscui ts a lLmorning.
REMEMBER!
. l iyot ' g ivethenumberof urnesthatsomethlnghappenedyo!
always Lrsethe simple form, notthe continuous.
B€rarwDnihr feOrcafs
NOT ]te t|+ia!*raal*#tsr / r,ee on:a/!.
t.attett.ya, five tln)esye\te la!
NOT / r{€++.4*9 '7o! ,ve uiel leilerd.l.
. Verbsthatdesc be states are iot lsuatly used in the continuous
form (see Uiit 1,5tudy 1)
IPRACTICE 2
Choose the best alternative in the conten.
g I've been hutting I hutt my an.
2 You seem out of breath. H ave yo! been running / run?
3 She didnl hearthe doorbellbecauseshedied I watdrying
4 l le bought I been buylng this new scooter Do you like it?
s weve finhhed / been fintiti,g our work. can we go
5 This time next weeL l'ltr.aval / betravelling to Ausvalial
7 The Au5rralian swimmer h as been winning / won the gold
medaltwice befor€-
A fthad nined / been.aining atl night, so everywhere was
subjed + have/has been
+ 1ng
liT$r
!rr:.r. rrllr!i rr -i.r 1,ri ii!,1
.8t ezed uo stt1f,N 
Pue
spPrrss.uddeH uorJ suolle)ouor tnl.sn ro arou p qpN t
pna{Jb tuLLa pltrlal sr\n als I pn?{ rEroFara
IjlrD4 nt 41n patj.mp xte1q s.aH
pm{ 'r}a rpDr rp.rqcJuen€u./xet
spoo8.Io JaLrou sE qrns 8mr]:uos lnr6 ol iapro ln
3ldoad tm-{'3rap lo aur.1{1 Io rlrp,(4/ pn".rJ
'suolFrotp. rnol 
Pull pnel, F, Ilru! /tueuolplp .q1 le toot E
9
5
E
z
L
'qF |{)ee q1!a
lUrou s€opleqr Proa.qttnossor) sNo[v)o]lo) L
.{ar,sqlr^ pasna^lDatpeue ljp3Y!;I
rart, qr a p3sn d^ti;rpe L?
-tulrpe 
/4galpeq /4!t6q ul)rnls ro3 ̂aq1
'ne^ snolrtd e 
I ulet s!t! / ]ata {r/ Fddorp .H
'lxq 
/ ,nq I ulert Auoiw aW uo pB a'.1
',u.wa edaq 
ttulrpe / oodae{s.@os ltds
ulrs eueueq e / a, auor / au'alo sse,6 e uo p.ddns aqs
'auetd aW 
I AIrno / uldt.q pastlu tM
'peaq 
tMoqta t'eq ^w pa8ueql
{tre^un s,iloauos areloh or .rro^rp e qlnorql ol or
uosrad P isrnquFr 01 azud e urep or
1!ap e]Jo /tu! 01 rlnorre tieuo s,auo.@os ss.'e or
U]HIO
'uon ip a'prpr{rra q}r6 prsn urr]o qrra ?
'arpdaqr qra pasn u3ilo qra^e
_ pu!, pu! €€ aBed uo saprrre 3ql re )ioot Z
ir)i..t,riir!, jiri,ir;rr(il ct J,L;Iirirl, if ,rr,!it I r.;i'r
unou + qia^
rr r i:'iri. r,fflr:li,f, ir,r,rirrl:
unou + a^t1ralpe .
- u.rJo arP suollProlo) qslltu!
a8e}s srqr {q
43!zeue
u.PPnseroue
.lqM e r.rJe
silto-Ls DNn tS-L tot s€x:I^ov
u!ternr€u punos ol do^ d13q lIASurla pue qr..dsrno,(
utsuo!*rolo, BuFn laqr.Bor rhrro ,qranba4 leqr
spm^r ou jo oMtjo uoltpurquror € sr uorr€)ollo) V I
suo!lp)ollo) SuUoqrueurar pue tugrglop
1o4ad to
unr peq 3a arrp.aq {eaorcu c{ Jo tJnrs roB r^ 9
Surwauos op or r.s aq o1
Sutqr.uos )l)eq 01
stNtl0vtH
arua)ll rnol asol or
papuadsns e .^t3rarraB 01
Surueh s 3^rararrat ol
€retr olut u3l4 3q o1
lEriu, s'tluou xlsj
ol P.truau.s 3q or
p€pu.dsns.q or
(3uurd e ql,tl}o l.r.q or
3) !.s (rrunuuotr @^r3 .q or
P.uu.qor
p.tFdx..qor
P3Dh..qor
[- qr!M) p.&ee aq or
IN]AHSINNd
'- uo)orq 
Peq
snq stilasn$.q dullooqrs aql uo4 )]eq o]elaFM^aqt
'8rr,pa F .llrd urq rot,(.ql os 
"rtpd
.qr qrq.lqno4 uru.aq peq ail autl rsr4 aqr seM 1l
'q;ruor pjos,lo uo3urdccts s c.los
u'tt P3ttrot sPq .qs pue 31 ̂lqqIAeorepeqs,aH
51qap stq -^ed 
upr aq oe sqol oar SuDioa s,aH
'ure Dq uqorq pup ualel seq ̂uuer8^N
- uo DljtPrB alra ol
s8nrp leB.lI ]o uorsssssod
ruenrr ̂eF 01
usue,sqd (ruuo) ot
3u B?iq
llo lto ri^o lno lno uMoP
'xoq aqr ut sproa .qr ql!, saru.ruas .ql .r€tduo:' 
€
'Pnul 3q 01 
Pateo^or sea urPP .ruernsui .qt I
'p.snruo) ̂IF e seaI ute4 Suoh aqr uo 
lo: .qS 9
'luenrrBu{eld $oqe uLq SuturpallM 
| 5
-^re^!d,{ui 
to aleio!^ p s,ltiqreua ,(u pe.r r,uer no^ t
r8nrp leSolt to ssossod qlh p.&€qr spa iqs €
2^es$ sr$ urr!.|€lBeld no.{ pro Z
'ro^Lp xe1
e s€M aq osneraq preq ̂:'.^seM.rua]t srq ro asot aq! ,
'ftess.cau 
I &euo!D!p p asn.ppq u!spro], €qlrraxo) Z
rllejlu l)n$ r.3 ol
u en tuorM aqr uo ra8 01
rol FB 01
{atqPntE^) su,LrFuos dorp 01
ELrqFUos a8puep ol
uMoPlP:rqor
(EulqFUos) )iP:,q or
peaq rno{BuPq or
Use and non-use of the passive
1 The active and the passive
. In active sentences, the subject is the ageni (o. doer')ofthe
I ' i L : r l r r r i l , : r . ; : l , r f , r ' : \ . , i i r , i
(subject) (verb) (obFct)
. In passivese.terces, thesubject is notthe agent of theverb.
I i . : l . : ' , j l r L r r L l i r i . r , r t , , i i 1 r l r !
(subject) (verb) (us*t)
. Ihe passive is formed with be + past padiciple.
. In more formaltexts, the pasive is prefeiied because it is
te$ p€6onal. This is especially true ln newspapers and n
r . ie . t i iL . tech.(a l o . dcadeTk $r i r -9. The .o low rg pa$\e
constructions are particutarly common i. this kind offormat
writing.
i ,,r:r ii,r,., i) j :f,:r,:l
3 ALternatives to the passiv€/.voiding the passive
In intorr. speech we 'ar alo d Lrngthe pass:ve oy using"
subjecr llke we, you,they, people, someone, etc. This sounds more
peBoraLand frlendly. Comparethefoltowiigpairsof seniences.
r i : r i r r : i rL1 , I r r . r | i r . r . i i f i i r i , , : r ' j i . ,L l
l i rh f . , i )1 . : : , rL r : r , r i r , i : . r : i r : t i l , i I i r i r i ) . r , : r
\ ' , ' . r i , ' r , |L i j j r ( i r r l jL r l , r r ; r . i r . . r , , r r : r r r i
i r r f i ! n ! i rLL \ ' r r i r . r ' . . , r r i r i r . i : . , r : i . r i f i . r f , . r . ,
it is makng
IPRACTICE
i i twi l lmake
: . . ' 1 Choose the corectverb forms.
It must be true -i making2 Reasons for using th€ passive
. The main topic of rheser terce ls not the agent . In Engl ish, the
mair topic ofthe sentence normalLy comes ar the beginniig, aid
new informauon about the topic comes at the end.
r i : i . : , , r . i , ' r r r ' , i r ' i . : , i r : l (Frorn a prof i le ofCameron,
who is the rnaii topic ofthesentence.)
lfthe agent is not the main topic of the sentence, we use the
' , r ' . r i : i , ! i ! . r r .L i r \ r : , r , i . . , r . r : . (Frcm an ar tk le about
Avarar which is the main topic of the sentence.)
. The agent is !nknown, unimpodani or obvious.
I I . \ , . . r ,n : r ) ' . r " . iL ' i . . r (= we don' t knowwho did th is)
i r i r i i i . , i . r r i r i r , . . : , i i r , (= i t l not importantwho does rh is)
, i r i , \ \ r i : , l r rn, i (= i ts obvlousthe polke d id rh is)
I read it in the tabloids
MagisrraG Isabelle Le Tessiet 'sentenced / bd,s
sez,€nc€d her old school teacn€r in Ronen, France
Iast week. He Torced / D6tolced to wiie 
'I must not
breat the speed iimit 25,000 times.
Lars Hombery md Anka Edlurd of Kaxlstadt, SFed€n
ih.tae decided / haDe been dzciileal ta Eet 'Mned.
aiier spending 19 hours sluck jn a lilt together erlier this
month. Before fheir ord-"al they .haal not int oiluceal /
had noa been introdwe.l.
The State of Andhft Pradesh in lndia %as passed / ha!
be€u ,oised a law saling lhaL myone vho 6catch€s /
t.3 caugnt cheating in school etmslttiil send I wlll be
sent to pnson for ten yeaxs.
Failed pllof Lariy Waliers rattacheal / u6 aftacheal
42 helium ba.loons to a kjtchen chat and spent 14 11ous
flying above Los Angeles earli€r thjs week. Mr WalLers
wha'\had tumed doun / heal been tumeal aloun by
the US air lorce b€caus€ of bad eye sjght roo,moa, lrtt /
b6 elmost hit by teo plar€s rJier he i'DteD /
Dc blolon Lnexp€ctedly in ihe djrcctlon oi the
REMEMBER!
Jwe lndldethe ageft in the sentence,we lse by.
N\N\\N
isa^a rno{ pa$al ra8 ptnoqt nol )
is.,(. r no,( 1so} Ptnoqs no^ q
ipatsar s.^. rro,(1a3 Ptnoqs noi !:€
'rr pear r,ub 
t 2.(e5 uBF leql saop rpqr' :v
z1rparted3r.^pq rselno^prp uaq/ )
;Parted r a^eq $el no^ prp !aq/A q
alrriPd $elno^PrP u.qt e:€
'MoF sr qr*^ ^l^ :v
'rtre 
P.)oot a^eq 01P.a! I .r\ou) | )
'rt1e 8ur)ootsp..! 
lt Moq I q
?e P.)ooi113^eq orPaEU t ^ ou) | E:t
'.srou a8ue4s e Buueu s,.ur8ua r e) rnol :v
:euop;u fdororoqd auosra8 tuer araLt/ .sal )
lSur^dororottd .uos aLrop la8 t!p) alaq/A sa^ q
Zauop Surfdorolortd .uros ro; uer t.raq/A s. e:g
idl.q ^u€ paou iof oA:V
'qltour lsei rr 
P.leror.Fr .^eq at .queql )
'qluot! lselrrPaleror.pa peq a,\^ .s)iueu q
'qluou' $el 
Patero.p.r 1r ppq 3/ 5)ueql e:8
'uoor etql3)| 
t:v
lnr 1tPeq.^Pq lsnl tiqueql l
?nr I Peq Fnla^,r 'queql q
'11 nr 1sntP,t 3)uPql P:8
'arru sloolrteq rno :Y
'^eprloq uo aroair' uaqM (.I&rq 
/ asnoLt rno) - 
I
t.<pe d 'rejp! 
/ sr +o \ardo) oqt - 
. ptlo) 9
'^epr.rsa^ (te.ls 
/ pre) lp.]] raq) - pqre! 
rood s
lsluared rno^ ol ru.s.rd e 5p 11.^B pue€qrorq
rno.{qr^ (a)e1l oroqd I no{) - no,( 
r,uop ,{qA ,
,!1u€r3r.3upro (a,{p / Ipq raq)-rars s fh €
'{opl 
l)-slartur ^ltear iq asneriq,l prorE uer
3q se uoos se (a^our3r / oouel srq)-ol3uroB srsot z
'P'rq31t-roqs 't.^ 1oB
peq tisre)do :.spl fq {-pan / s3^r,(!J - 
| ,p.( tset .
'€td!r!!ed rsld + rat. e9
vrlM saru€las.qt €lalduor or sr6)pprq u!srduod aqr asn !
plr{.,i1
r.i.Ir !Lir if I .!rirr ,:i I |l,rrrr.d il',.rili rl ii.i
iiirL;rol rr.,,lr 4i/,iiiri.ir irdxJ jliLlrrr ,ij,r..r,{,rij ri
'luespaidun are telBsn ol uaddeq q)rqM sturqljo
'luapr]re ̂q u.ddeq reqrs8utqlrol.tdr)|lJpd 
rsed + r.6.sn a,1^ .
i.! Jrln,iir) rlL.li.r r I'jt irr,,i
:t!rr.ir jirri,!n j. ri4 ].i"i.!rti jir,i
'aues oqi srBulueau aq11nq 
teu|olul
.roL! sl1 .tdr)qrpd lsed + p.Iqo + ra6asr orlp upr.n .
.!irti{t(tu)ur,tirrrirotiTra/,11!!,,/irr'ir'i,,,i:rrrJri,r,fLarr r.;rr\i,
.auop Surql.uros o^eq o1
rlnrulip se^ ttu.qa.ldpr}led lsed + Dafqo + ra6la eq osn ol .
ri/l:ir:,ir r. i, n . r,i,, r Diirriln iJi)r, tIir( if Ll
rn roJ op or sldo.d r.qlo ^ed aM BurqFuos tnoqe
)lel orpasn stetdDr]Jed rsed + pafqo + a eq uroj a^rssed aq.L .
aeFq rer ̂u paqspM FB I uet sal l
aor.q rpr^u p.qspM ra8 uer l$l q
a.r.q p.qsEMrer^ur t€3 tue) s.l p:€
/rts'no^dtoq tlel:V Z
no^ro] auo p.tuld lot Lt )
'no,(roJ paluud ouo.^eq 
Lt q
'no^rt auo parutrd.^eq 
1l p :€
i.seatd uror Suqooq e ou .^rB no^ uel ,v r
'c Joq P .suodsd lsaq .qt rsooq) 
€
s,uetrtlao ue .
s,ls[u.P € .
s,ropoP € .
)trtr^ra8rnrrtl.uso)e .
s,ueDrlne3q e
s,rass.rPr€q P
s,roue.p-,tp e
oottsrtedalaoqs e
,i :lr,;rir i.:. 1.,- ri I.i,jLr,r."t
a8ere8 e
ie3rl )paqr Puaur
xPM rnr a^p ualqB prts
'relsl sr.Ouour n€J € raq 1r1 (u.rntar) -q
,{auour raH .l"psl pio aqt (,{es) -,r 
,,{FsEa os
(aarerep ql€nsn lou) -, 
Ii r{euou queurol$
plo 0Ll1 Llll,r reruEa satnmu,,!€J e rls€r Ln (roJ prpd)
-zr ste{rq laq 
ruerw ot aueld e (preoq) - 
eqs \e uos.jrppb ( ts"fie, - 
d
d lod dJ.'rJedP ,eu uort rdl,tj -
dr, tlur'! drrl lD DLIE rreodoe,pt - 
s
uosru€pv ter.ll (pug) -1eqs {auoul
,dq dn IJrd ot t"pJo -ll , Lfi,vJ I -e 
dus
ucrj \\ trq sru | pBr Lerxos d,tJ rd^oluet | -
asmc eql roJ raq Lllrr\ T a €al pue rallat aunIoJ
eqt ol,buoru aru a{el o} pepoau aqs t€qt pue
'sllrdq rr^d (q r.uolr ldq 
f e uo ( dJe.O -,
esm, a l}?ql u?ruoa eLIl pap?n$ad 'iZ ,uosuepv
?,{uos 'armIoJ rarl,{.ropl{\ plo-xEad-tg e (rcI)
-, eBll\ 
000'0gg raq SuhrB olu Fuorsued e
(Iq4J -. oqs :Ie$p 
oB? sreed,!tal ? (lsefie) -! 
'VSO lop?roloC rn Fliat-aunloJ 
]/
fouour uo asJnt aaolueJ
ol sro.IJio rollel-ormuoJ
.sr.),erq ur (.^rssed jo
.^!De) q$^ lqtlo r.lrol D€ror aqr qla sdp;.qr €t.Fuof
adEqs(;r) op
'xoq eqr u!sqr^aql6sn sa)etd
€s€q119 auop r.B lo.^pq no^ tpqr Sulqr .uo rsEal le €rlm
;af pue a eal q1!^ surol allsspd
TYPIS OF INTILLIGENCE
visuaLApatial intelligence
2 Which .haracteristics/mentaL skitts are not desirabLe/
necessary for each Person?
1 A capenier shoutd have emotionalintel\gence /
nathenatkal skilk / spatial intelligence.
2 A mountaineer k.estlient /selt ufficient / extrcve4.
3 A boss shouLd be a.rogart / .aln / good in a tean.
4 A mathematician needs logic / oryanisationalskills /
p rc b Ie n - so lvi n s s ki lls.
5 The perfect gi friend/boyftierd is axention-teeking /
hunorcus I needy.
3 Tickthe b€stsentenc€ for each situation.
'I You ar€shoppingwith youfsister,.nd she has been
tryingto decidewhich dressto buy for half an hour.
d Ple"5e rd le Jpyou,n inol 
-
b Ple"5e .l-dn8e your niaar' :
2 You need totatktoyol rpadnerabouta problem.
to have someth ng on your minn
PIRSONAI CHARACTERISTICS
a 'l'.1y mind's gone blank.'
b 'l've got something on my miid.' f
!
!
!
!
Your younger brother is tryingto find out about your new
gidfriend/boyfriend, butyou dontwanttotellhim.
a I\4ind yolrown bus'nessl' fi
b I dont mindl ' !
Your flatmate has Lost hergla$es- againl
a Youte so absent mlndedL'
b You re open minded!
5 Asmallchild has his hand neara doorthat is ctosins
a Mind your fingerd L'
OTHER
io takeyour blood Pressure
l iRAcitai
1 ComDlete the tabte with the noun/adiective form5.
Decide if ea.hword betowin botd is a noun,verb,
adjective oradverb. H€reis some information to heLp.
. typical endings for different types of words
adlectites, ive, fut, - i b te
nouns: -ion, -ne$,-ance advelbs:'t
. wordswhichcomebefore. . .
nouns:a,t e, adltcrves
vetus: auxjtiary or modat v€rbs lbe, have, nay, shauL,t, et .)
i adje.tiv. : noun
ro rLn teer :
Do polygraphs work?
Polvgraphs, also called 'li€ detectors . ar€ far'1ion
infa.[ible. Th€rmeasure c€riainph]siological
ehaues su.h as hedt raie and blood prcssue,
n'hi.h are couelated {ith bing. Thc Lelief ls thln
deceptiv€ msr'-.fs producc llr,vsiologicu.l responses
Lhat cm b. ditrerentiated lron trutlilul ones.
Cc ain rules and proc€dures should be dgomusly
,plled id'en trkiulobgralh tests.l om sta(, ihe
pers.in \!ho administersihe test should not be the
one $'ho judges fte rcsutts. and idealh 'nore thm onc
pefson should oller an interyretation
Guessing meaning from context
-N 2Think of a word thdt could r€place each word in bold.
'uaqr no^ol)eeds e.prpoo3 p s,leql,qe3^
's,unw)ata eat 
ntlA I a^eelsl
no^.iolaq ]snflpr p au.^r3leqM no^ I.l rssenB
| .{snq ̂r d oq o1,f,qru, / {p)r,, s,l qs. 
Pegaqltu / stxl
)9re4 a$ aser ut rnol noqe .^eal ralFq pialt
2aullleqarnoqv 1e.r3 aq plnoM iPql
'qlt no^t s,unu rno^ !uo4 dnnotpldn,!
t dn noKtt4d ot 6u!o6 u,tzt auq Jo fruald ro8 a ,.^
leqlos'aarql punore -qd,(v le !.]tq auldddp s,
/ sdorp,, ialsrs^h Maqdau fu q , rarseg
s,\'a ypt I a^tpor6ulobw,/0, paptrap a^,1 ,oN
z.url Fetprp aM a uter aq1
etel no[ oO / aryr q 6u!o5 no,{ar% 2a]oq1 ra3 ol
Moq noqp Bnoql no.{ a^€q ,fe^\ aq1I€ .^lrrexl
zqnPur leqrool lsrtt rnol
olSuro8 ueql rueuodur|.rour aq plnorleqM Ia/^
' puerslaPun ot 6u!o6 t,.4t
/Pu4 apun n.gr dns u, .luel]odut ̂Ieor
8ulqlauros i,t req il.r or SuJo 6 at / at ,tt- u.tr
'. ealllur 
/ e^P.lt,! Putwl,uoh/pulul,usaops
urnN rns Lu,t iqeaf '" 33rq} 
Ieq rnoqe a^e.l
olo^eq P,tsueau reql * uuH 
a)rop,o a^H
'au!uo 
P3)req)
Fnta ,I" . U re sr.rprst//,rersor6u!o6s,t+ \at
''' aur1.qi uo spGdap 
I os ̂eprnres uo
s,uJnur ^u re r.^o qrunlrr?qn,aa / 6u! eq d.e(.
" P.requrau.rai rsnf 3^,t rnq 'r.te .' ola^olpil
2ool €uruor ^)uel noft parepuoalsnlI
'Mo$i no^ .rns L!,t s€ ',(1rl f?rd 
! / 6ulre4 aez
p€rlun fePrnlPs uo qrreu lteqroolrsru srq ol ures
h\a\dau fu.Ierot6ulo6ut I qel ,ltsl8qp)
ur,t uosFr .ql iu.lsl 
iSutop nor .r.ao!] ,preq]!
:5tt,Jvl
:ctvH)t
:stNvf
:clYH)ru
rsrNvl
:o!vHlN
:S]NVI
:ctvHlE
:S]NYf
:otYH)u
' /f b'rri'ri?irir' .r ii(rirf'',i(ti' .t li)rl,:,4 tr.t tt 
l;lt4.t\,:
suPld pue suoqual!rarnln] ssirdxs uer s.sprLtd.raqF ^upw
sassqd raqro 9
1][ i'ri prr!r |ifj 1r.) r ri.r.'lr ;rir dr ldstia! r)rlt 14
' lt. ln ̂lntt i ttl
'3ld@dFqio ol atqnor osnerlou 
lt$Sutqriuos
leqlFa83ns or sFanb.r a)eur.M uaqM p.sn osle sturolstr.
t r t:tr.t ttr.l t)rrl r |^t .!1r d rii'roii o{ lt, !,ri rd),.r l
'sru.^. 
ro asrno)
teurou sqr lo rpd se riq 'uoBua r ro Lretd reln)trpd r(up rnoqla
Lraddeq I $ reqr SurqFuos rol snonutruo) srn l.qrisna/1^
snonu$uor srnrnl s
...,$.,.t.
'pasn st olduF ru.sard .qt ,pexu XIEPlllo uoaq
seq ro .lq eFuro rPlntur elo lled sr.rnlnlaql uruorl]p up !aq/
aloulls lu€s3rd t
,iprrii/ ,r!.rit.r.ir'r ir i.li.rl rtrn)li ai.r,i
'urol o? 6qo6 3+ 01 par.l.rd
!.uo sLsnonurror Nasard aw,06slqr.^ uleu sLtl u3q/ .
(p33u€re uaaq seq nq1=) rrit trtaLLt rttunt.a LLl i
(uoBualulleFua8 =) iii, '.r rLiti rrir:t.r t.t,.t Artat ut.
sru.ua;uere al uuap uoqe )llPt 01
I asn ̂luo no parull .rou r rnonu luor lua$rd 3qt lo 3rn aql .
itpr)t \). tt)r|.,4 / it.t.r)::.:;n at hutof t.u,l
'.rflnt iq1$oqe
)let or snonuquor lu3$r 3rt11o peeFur or 6l]106.sn s^EMlp u€r
10\lPtrL.c ta. s s 1o l ror r.d.ro rq- pLp or 6,,ob lo as. aqj
iufaw3uttu
,ilrl)l,t r. I' r, rt r!1,\', dr/ i li.lr.ra, a/.l
'3rnln,( sqrq p.E!ere
a^eq 3^^ ButqFuos rnoq€ Tel ol snonuluor lFsard 3q1.sn il
snonu$uo) ]uacard E
l")t))?u jat at 6!to$.ta^ar u,l
'arnrryrpsu sql u roluelsrp.q rpur uorlrp
aq|arnrnJ.$rol suollu.lu! 1u3$rd *.rdxi or or 6ulo6 35n arl
'f r/nii!.q 
U,irpry? nr(eqr)xoofi cl..'rt_I
hr t)al atqe riitu )ri ite )q d:i 4ory/t s,rr !rnl !x/r !/
!1! igr'/] roj !)ro!/r lrrd| !|r ^]\lotpann.!li.].tt).t.r t\!.)
.F ' al u!q)a. :' Fq 
I t " teqt atueq. poo6 e t,daqt: - 01 punoq
aq o1.-01h$tD(un)aqolt or ,/ej]ar ag or 5e qrns i.rnml
€qrlnoqe suorptpord ateu ol seserqd raqlo ](!p(ll are araql .
1]!\'
. u4 asn a^\ 'sinrnJ .ql 1noqe peJ atdurls e ss.idxa ot .
I nt/:a1 ,,!.rtt1.tdt) ntti t|l1)ltu/at6u!obr \uttt Na[.t nr'',l
'Bulue.lu utaruarajlp ruprroduJ ou sraraLtl,saser ^ueur ul
'uaat ai6tt tan!],.tlt a.rrt u,t ,ir./rr.r rod :€
itl €t.tr\t alat[\r;lt.,i t :Y
'tla isn a^ i3ruapt^. 
lu3s.rd u€Lllraq*r suo4ppadxa
PuesJaNq uaorno uo p.spq sruo]1'pard aqruaq/\ .
(Itladord uaqlSuL&re) lou.r,no^aas up) t=)
Itrlirpjro!;..no,{1nrrd)d.ro./r d.rp (, brrtod aJ ro{ ir4d,7:rf/l
'or 61106 3sn flPnsn a^\
'luas d aql ur aru.pt^o .uos uo p.spq sr uorptpard aql uaq/ .
'arnrnliqluoqe suotlrrpard a)€ur 01 .44 pue or 61106 asn at
:stNvt
'sqra^ psrror aql osooq) L
ti.lurvu.i.l
016uloD z
'pe.rsu 3lauls ruasd sql ast ra 
ttun tsalun a)ua s2 uoasse
'te 6uotse a,e. ut t.ttp' olaq'uaq^ l!r.* u!^an t,uoa
iura!!3W3d
r,t.iajteLitI1.ron.i n.taH t, a9t. stlt tr.r''I-- n,i
'srstto pue $sruo]d ro] pasn oslp r!rr14
);tei nat aaat,1 lt,l
€ur)ieads lo tliLuour aql re speu uorst).p p roJ i"oalrd asn ir'
IIIIA I
ernlnl €ql u! suolslraP PUP suPld
surrol oJnu,lo /r a| au
suollrlPs.rd
More complex question forms
1 Compound questions
, Alret what ot whi.h, you..n u5e a noun to folm questions.
Which restaurantdidyau go to7
What infarmatian da you heed?
. After ,o4 you €an use an adjective or adved to fom questions.
How tunwonhy do you thihk he is?
How quickly can you 9et herc?
2 Questions with pr€positions
Some verbs and adjectiv€s take prepositions, for example, ret o,,
tak abour, ftightened of etc. The preposition comes after the verb
or adjedive. Don't omitthe preposition.
lVhat irere yau talking aboutT
vrhat are you frightened otr
3 Statements and negative questions
. Statemend with a rising intonation often funciion as questions.
They ar€ often used to expresssurpise atwhatsomeone has
just said orto check information.
A: lbaught three paiBafshoes.
t
Bt rau baqhtthree parsafthaet?
At Sophie arived yesterday.
/
B: She advedyesterdat? Ithoughtshewas a tihgtoday.
. Negative questions also express surpdse, an opinion orcheck
that infonnation is iorect.
Didn tyou like the boak?
Dan tyou thinkitwaukJ be better lfyau taLked ta her?
Daesn t it statt at two?
. Notice the way we answer negative questions.
Didh't you he ar what I sald?
No,ldidn t. (Whatdid yausay?)
Yes, I did. (You sail we were late )
4 Indirect questions
. lndirect queslions are often more polite or more fomal than
normat questions. use phras€s like couldyo! tell me at the
5tart of the question. we use affirmatjve word ord€r in indkect
Couldyoutellnewhere the bank is?
Doyou khowifthatrcstauant is open?
lwanted to khow what yau thought of her.
. Other phrases can be used for indked questions: /worder...'
TeLl ne ..j can you rcnind ne --.?t l'd likelLove to know ...
rel newhenyou ate ready ta Leave.
cah you rcnind ne what tine out flight is?
. Don't us€ do or did in the Present simpte and Past simple.
I wanted to kno9| what you think af hel
NOI t wanted to knaw what didjes+hi* af het.
. Us€torwhefrerforyei/,o quesiions.
cauldyou telLne ifthe.e s a banknearherc?
Dayou knowwhethetthe meeting's gaing ahead?
5 Other ways of asking questions
Ihe wods on earth, exactly, precliet can be used to make a
What on earth areyau doing?
where efrctly/pre.isely da yau thinkh is?
PRACTICE 2I
I CompLet€ the questions.
I Whrch cafe dovou want lo !oto?
2 How do vou lnow her?
3 - food are you going to take to ihe picnic?
4 -sulPrised was he when he saw you at the station?
5 -ailPoft areyou flying in to?
5 What are vou thinl,ino ?
7 Who i5she mar ied_ ?
8 What are thev famous ?
9 Who Ereyou shouring _ ?
l0 How havevou known her?
2 Wrlt€ a negative question to express surprlse at what th€
lp€aker !ays. Use the verbs in brackets.
1 A: That was an awful fitm.
4 Didn t vou Like it? llike)
2 A: ldidnt know she was getting maiiied.
B: -? (tell)
3 A: l'm silltdoing my homewoft
& -? (finish)
4 A: can I borowyour mobite phone?
B: _? (have got]
s Ar Can you explain itagain?
B: _? (unde6tand)
5 A: Hetlo. Whatsyour name?
Br ? We met last year. (rcmembe4
3 R€write th€ questionsto make them indk€ct.
1 what does she do for a living?
Da vau knowwhat she daes for a llvinq?
2 How oLd isyoursister?
Have you been leaming EngLish fo. Long?
coutd -?
How good arc your liste.ing skiLls in EngLish?
t _ .
When wilLyou be finished in th€ bathroom?
D o ?
Arc you going to go out this evening?
D o ?
How do you say Of.ourse'jn your language?
Coutd _?
Do _?
N,N\\N'qll)lsBu!u.rs!l
rno^ a^o/u.r! ot rfil 01 op 01 3u!o3 are no{ teq/v\ ssnrslc q
ipalqns eql spreMol
apnlDp Fq/rlq slieql 2rnoqe 3u!)tpr ra)pad5 aqls!
1€q/1^suoasanb rarsea Suqse [l}'llnr]Jrp oolsur..s
Surue$|] Ell pro^\,ta^e pueFrapun ol Sul(lr pro^v
'3.r, rol ̂ltP3.l 
PPeotuaoP
iq !€) ,(oFlol ro lt./,^ro ̂q.ldu€xa roj 's)roa rtsset)
^upl{ a8En8uplrno,( uroruatsl orqu ptnoa no,{reqr
)ooq €.sooql .uoqd reLlrs lo rafeld €dH rno^ uo rp)
rno^ ur 1r ol Surua$!l pue )ooq otpn€ upBut{nq rapFuol
'.lnosar 
Poot
p t Furalur oql 'ule8v sa3€n8uellsru raq1o qtMildo.d
{q ua)pds qs|;ut or uarsllor /01'sra)ipadr qst:ut.^rrEU
rou aie ploMoqr!!sF)€ds qsr8ul lo,( ofpulsp aql
,'6Eli-uEa-qtlE-IT!r"1 Lo
€l-ddEi-dF?lj t'6trrlll/$ iFj-uoiF.l.l p.^eq .e d€) I
sEioT/\ aur ot8ut-\jl^otlJ1Er F € 3ur^pq ar,a/v\ 9
loo.r)5lerP3,(
^u uriq or psrr oqM.too30 rot ̂!eo e dut^eq ar.,^ 5
siqtIE-rEq-Tpa-fi-qEEE6EEo s eqs t
utnt M@t t-fnq-FEqlTE 16! s,aH €
'tutua^o stitl
. to-FlTrr €d, a{-IM-5tr6"1ii6-FF e uo Suro8 u.t z
.r,t.:li.,r,.,r::;,!irri r_t
'tli-q-F5Fi.F--{'ujjJJlN e s.lt I
'lserqd ru.Frllp e'{IMsaserqd p.ulF.pun aqr aretdat L
'puqeapun luop no.(Fqrspro^joaureau oqissan; oltur 
..-".._--,.._,il_"1_V-L_a-l 'sproM pas$as oql ̂Iensn 'sproM ueljodut 3qr uo snroj .
'lntasn ̂'a eq uer 
)n o}rqq pus aqnrno^ sp qrns
$!sq./ utpaFa$rutore no,(rtdorp asooqt qsuBut ur
dllr o3pt^suo qrleMrc or uo$t pue,(ep,ia^a ouuuo 09
ino{ol]nrasn
rsou ua.s aoteq sdlr rqt ,o rit!q/V\ '{pp &o^a lq alrrll
e 3ulstrred r(q sugts Sulu.rslt rnor( s^oldtu! uer nol ez
.tPql asqto
'Mou) l,uop tsp$M^!eur oot.rp araql
arrarre uorotlrP PUersrpun l,uP)
raqr.Bor a3raur lle sproM aqt ..
aseJ ool )l?aos alooed
,qslt8ut ualods pu€$$pun
01 3u!,(|t uaqa lulelduor uouuor lsou rno^ s! rpq^l L
raaN or 4oiuosaollorsr3Mollol a^eq or
.reElSexa ol
p-poluaoP or
(di AutqFuot aBrPW or
.rer.Prsuor 3q 01
!'HIO
silr rqa Lq![] ]]4 o1
e qrLM ;uqFuot qer 01
qrnrr aqr q)r.4t 01
rcl o arc ueaariol
f- qlfr) a^ol ul lFs.t.doq ne, 01
qrnn 3'I qrlA loLuolora aq o1
sNolol
euuoB
rbirnr plor 03 ol
raulavr. te
ur pe3q {u ?uop s,.qs/s,.q
(lpe) o pa]]tqr/ (^)no lqror
azoo!
1no P3ssalls (&epl) .q or
(ptes auoauorleqa +)qlt.q or
2rq8rlv
tDvncNvl tvtnoo110)
sr. trp snor.Bueprct uri^3 ue doo) lniarer.€ I
jqril oqr qr$ rtuouotra Bur.q no,{ a$ rc an4 rpqr st I
'uqrtw pto) oB orSutoB u,l ..t o) dn i 
lB do1s or 3uto3 ur,r 9
'puoll ;utlrs-:uot e s,.H .ulr tuot e utLl uaoq a^,t I
laddad lo |])lld e qllM rr qe.L s^es aqs reqM a^.Fq l,uoc t
'3I enlq q$| e sea rt re.'t o1 paileM eq reqM utq plol I €
'ltq e q1n4 r.q Suiq)Frrs s,iqs r.q .^6u.q 1.uop I z
pusuJ 1'.q rtur qr$ .^ot ut ̂lsraldt.q uelet a^,i !
'Proatraxol
€qr qIA r!.ret&t :uor^ q.ru.ruas qrp. u!proaauo €
iSurppr)iisnf :€
'lno 
P3ss.4s ̂llelor u,i il,uoo :V
eFuuor e aoroq tuer'^eM.$ fE alqurars,leql :€
'^ouou sMoloq stre4e oH urpFq ^u Surop rtlerol s,3H :v
eauo)MoH :€
'^ enrre saleu lsaq.{u 
Jo auo qltaFsdn^Iear u,t :V
;dn 5,1Pq/t e^uol,{.H ;€
i |..u uol,lq;Hv ;v
'.uu qre. u!pro/"r/ore.tl|d auo a)etder
'tPtnDollor ss.tl!qeuror uollesr.^uo) slqt qlhat z
s111s 3u1ue1s11 rnoi( tu1,ro.rdu1
Perfect tenses
l;,!*itlli] ;;";J;";.; ; ;;;;" : ;";;;;i;;;
. p.*..t : arruea 1asn1d -ived . he arrledl
Past : Vshe l^ad I l"adni t,ad yoJ
. p6rfe.t ' affiled arived . arrived"
futur . : l /he wi l lhEve lwor ihave 
'Wi l lyoLhale
. perf€ct : anived arived . arriveo"
^, *,i*"** 'tt *" Oo.ts il rime. Tl'ey s.ow a(l.onsbslqe
a padiculariime in the present, past orfuiure.
1 Present perfect
The Present perfect links actions ii the pasttoth€ preseit.
W€ can aho use cLauses with bythetine,when,et .
fhe pattyhad fihished bythetinte tarived.
we went an halkt.ywhenwe'dfinished autexan5
Noticethatwhen we use be&re and altea the order of events is
obvious, so the Past perfect is not always necessary.
trehenbetedta lock up before lwentta b€d
3 Futur€ perfect
The Future perfect link tlvo actions ortimes in the flture.
. ' 
'-------.''-=='-= 
-
past now the past ofthe future point in the futur€
We use the Future perfect when we took forward to a time in the
fuiureand then think about something that will be completed
before that time. lt k often introduced with by + futuretime phrase
Caft,e over abautten. We lI have eatenbythen.
aythel imetmso. noppt l lhaupeanedc . .91 o. ) .a !
Not icethewordorderof Futureperfectquest lons.
1 2 3
witl you have f i n is hed by ta na rcw7
Present Perfect *-
REMEMBER!
lfyou elate th€ action to a speclfic past unre, use the Past simple.
t fitnnlet jahi v)hpr, I was 21 / in 20A,:i
Past perfect
The Past perfect linksa poi.t in the past with a time furth€r ii
the past. lt describes actionsthat happened'beforethe past'.
, 
Past Perfect r-'-- 
--i 
, ,
pasr monreir
< Y+iut l re
before iow
This can happen in a nunrberofways.
. The actioi is noi finished, butcontinues intothe present.
We have lived hereaUou,Liver. (= and we stitllive herc now)
. The adion took place in a period of time which is not finished.
We veaLlbeeh illthis yeat.\= this year is not finished)
I ve been ta kaLy seveftL tunes. (= in my lire)
. The action happened very recentty and is still news.
Theyvejusthad a baby.
. The resJl ts of d pasr adion are sr i l l i rpoaanr now.
Ive lost my habile ph.hel
. The Present perfect is often found withthesetime phrases.
atready eyet lot jun rcve. since safal
this nranth/nohihd/weel today yet
she had been ittfat sane tire bet'arc \he died.
When lgot hame the caI hades.aped.
l.4any of the time phrases often used with the Present perfect
are also usedwilh the Past pe ect.
Hadyauev.rseeh the nan bet'arc tllar night?
t4aty hadn t been abrcad fot nanyyeart.
We can useby + pasttime phras€s withthe Past perfect.
Byeighto ' . lock)d ' t g ' \ , , had ntanaged to ea . "
l.i,mc!Cf1
1 Look atsentences 1-3. Arestatements a-. true (T), false (F)
or lt isn't sure (Ns)?
1 They've tived in France for neady tlvo yeals.
a Tl-ey live n F_a.ce iow.
b Tl-ey used !o l:ve i. F.ance
c Tl-ey roved to France arou.d two yea-s ago.
2 Dave had had his dinner when saLly arrived home.
a Dave fr. +Fd eatin8 be'o'e she arived hone. .
b Dave war ear rg w.en sle ariled hom€. :
. She arived before Dave sdinner. ,-
3 We Llhave raised more than €100,000 bythe end oflanuary.
a wF fave. i raked €100.000yer t
b wp llhave €100,000 before Feb uary t
c we !e already ra sed €100.000. .
2 CompLete the sentences with the correct form of the verbs in
1 The grass is exlremely dry, it (not rain) for we€ks.
2 we (sitl at the table for about 25 minutes before
anyone came to take our order,
3 Bythet ime hewasf ive,Joe ( tearn) to p laythe
gurtar.
4 at the end of next month, we _ (live) in this flat for
s lt was no good tryingio peuuade him - he- (make)
up his miid a longtime ago.
6 come and callforme about seven, l - {finish) my
homeworkbythen.
/ ldont th ink lwoutd recognise Ai i ta any more-
l- (not see) her for yeaB.
OgOZ real3ql Iq lorllrq
aatu peq.e.l?^eq 1!a/ paqcear serrrr ll lPrll paieurllse sl
um{ 0€ }se aq} ro} rP?,( qe?a tusrrad E i uoqe ̂q
tulseanu!uaaq seq / paseen4 se{01 uo!}Etndod qptro,$ aql
luo$qndod iutloldx3
's3|lr 'nol0l.J|o LLort sLPa 000'F
lellaow Eulpe oa ueeq seq / petoelpt seua au 'a|J,tl s tll
ul 686I aruls su?r eloS Lsdad pepe o.seq/&twlp.
l,.eq ss{s ̂te]l 'rtodoroc uro4 rllale^e3 uer1sutlc lc
utl llo3 Fd.d F.ttlq .ql
'3^11lsntlo e8e a!+
l€ asnott .slusJEd s, pu eqsn q )aq lt eN) a+ eaot seq / uea L
€.ts 3ur,t 3H Jo sLortrpP4 dql qr ̂ aruepior rP r,l t€3Lol
La^a,ol asroq euPs;ql Jt peU peU t p?^!l e eve Aaql
1n8 eea,{ E8 uEql€,\ e} ou )alpeltrcw u.aq peq lpeluew
ueaq rrerrq puEqsnq req pue eqs sSeuieur NoSuol s,puo/r^
aq oI pua ue uanorq se4 lut rrq, l 'tol lo e8e aql l€
deats lart u r ,{itnle3red prlp / palp ssrrr uem 8ue nr-t uaqM
.[.l||iu rteiuot ..!tlof eql
's33a pelq ure]as roj prolar p'lot e Fs ol pe4 te a
peq /palqJeM seu,auoor ']dtuslle plosa lnlssasrns l0q1
eroleS s33a pelquacs ]o uor]lod tsaSrel s,pl,roi aql slPolc
aI sAZe 7ll'l Eulsn ue.q ereq I pesn a eq j e\edX ut stlooJ
r.q|!{q F.[4q qflIoi.r ,
sul)tv]u8 0u0c1u 'dol.q eP|rle.'{ru|suro, qra^ls.q aqr asooqf, €
'/ ou Paqsruu^!eau 3q Fnur
.q! -treo e uo[e-uc-ddrrL uo ("bd)- u.$9 9
iuoo. {orrl L€ L)rs (ear..^au) | s
(,{1d., rc4 - cLs 
rrq !(u e\r. (D'.() | |
surLrou fe ,t qrorou s L \L o (tut - s 3t 
t
?r o{ rL.t, c^a reqr rlls (qstJU ro{) z
' Ernelsar.qrleBeq,(u (a^Eq)-t)utqlt iou tto t
sFt)erq u! sqra €q1 to uro, snonuluo, rr.!.d ru.s€rd .tl1
rc atduFp.#ed N.s.rd aql qrlas€cu.ru.s eqr.r€tduol z
'tllrol snon! 1uo)
3rtl ur P.sn ̂llensn lou 3roi.r€q1are pue s.r€rs 3q!rs.p sqr.^ auo5
u3auItW!u
{rr^qre ue rnoqe uo[sanb P L]
,(rr^tpe ue ,o sllnsar .ql roqe uo4sanb p 3
psttsull^t essar.u 10! strlrtqa uorpP ue J
pale.d.r s LPlllauorlre ue 3
p.u3dde,l spq Surql.Luos saurlroraquru aqr p
uo|l)e l38uol e r
O1er5 E q
luauou e rot fluo rFel qrt'la uolp€ uE €
'olod ra1€M 
Pqll s^eMle3^,1 8
el3luud aql Pax, nofa^eH I
za€qrdn SutoP uaaq no^3^eq leqr 9
fururoule no,(rreluor 013ur^:'1loaq e^,1 5
i)irup ̂u llrds.^,nol t
srnoq lera^.s rol apFlno Sutl!€a uaaq 3^,faql €
sauDlo sp.rpunq at^our srqluaas a ,l z
)roMsuoq Fq SuLop Lra.q sPq 31e) L
'q-p suolrdps.p o18-! sa.ua!€s q)*N L
rri).i. ! rrj irrlriri'r, r iriirl
'tinrr,ir !r!r1 r::.r| Lr lr) iiri ,\; 1rrnLl .:l
sllnsor ro uollslduor 3!|'rseqdue.re 3^^ ssnP)aq
'p.sn rf€ale sr std us rrorrsd luasard aql r.qunu e .^rB no^ Jl
,;rr,,i.i,, Itrll ,1:€
(Insar uLpal$Flur=l . !'! rr i,rrN rf \ i!r'i:r,r rlrr.i :V
ririri ir.r riu+rlr!r nrslr r:€
(,(l^tpe ut p.1s3r.1ur =) .i i.ir), r:tr' r.t (ti.f ri I I \! \'riLriii :v
,zPo^3tqrP no^a^eq lerl/l , uolFnb
.qlrar\sueI ^lhrpe ueto ltns3l.ql sslsPqdua.a uoqaurol
atduts iql .sn ./\^ ,esurr r nol luads nof a^eq aoH, uotF.nb
3qlsr3^ sue 1 ^r^ lrE !e s.qLDsoP ualo urro, snoiulruor.qI
sllnsar s^ sall^lpv €
{P.qs ull
^l!essoau rou s,1l=) r, iL.ru!,jj!: r,Lrr!rrlirrlxt I '$r.Jrl;rr1
Far.tduor =)
!.1ei1l.nurruo)plnoraM
ro .Ftduoru I sr uolpe aqlleqr sastseqdlua urol snonulluor aql
'uroJ aldur |' aql .sn 01 
Puol aM pal3la uror sE uoll)e oql aas e^ rl
suollrE,alaldurotul, s^ suolpP.4alduol, z
apeu.^,1=) r^iiu irrrl rrnrr,rrr :r:r:!.rl.1!r, rr! tillrn,,ir rij.){ i r
(aL!!1auos slsel=) rilivrr:rr.if(rI ri irr,i. .r.:il
(ruauou' p ro,Ituo sFel=),iri,ril 1Li,{ni.rlr^,r ,rrIr"
'par€ada.r sP^\ ro '.ur4 
]o Polod e rot sanur ro) uolpe
oqlleql s.elseqdura uiol snonuruor.qI P.sn sruro]ildus
.rlr'.ull uoqs/ta^ ero lu.urou e roJ ̂luo slselLronre t€ ll
,^jeuaruolu, s .palP€dal, / ,3uol, L
'urol relnrlr.r€d e .sooqr sMue€ur
qrtq^\ stseqdur. uLs.ru.r.lltP orE 3r3q1'saser Fou !r'ro^.i^ol.l
!Lrr,).i,t I f :i ir.irr pr^rl s 
"ri
!,r,)i1r,Lj.,1i,.i lir i rl rin\'i r: ;,1
'o4 .q1 r..al.q Surueou utsrt]3l.], PlueuoduIou sl
araLtlsauoauros a^oqe Paqu)s.P se ru.sard aqr pu€ rsed eqr)iull
snonuluor pa]rec uas..rd.ql pue sldutsrroFo lu.sard sql qro€
snonu!luol
I z tf lL)vud
PUP aldurls pa}.tod lu€sard oql lnoqe .rol^l
2 Completethe arti.t. with words in the box.
ACHITVIMTNTS
to develop a th€ory/machine, etc.
to donate money to.harity
to found an organisation, etc
to tead a poliricalgroup, etc.
to make somethin8 possible
to raise 6oney for char ty
to set/break a {newl world record
had influence means
enable make cause take had
No one doubis thal modern technologJ' has
I ' a t'ug€ impact ]_working life, bui has
il r- a positive or negatjve i ? nroil
and ihe intem€t I us lo comu cate with
TIM€PHRASES
jn the earLy/mid/Late 16th cenrury
colleagues all ovef the world jn an i]rsiml, but
th€J fu!€ also 6 to a cL hue where we
earect insmnt responses. Because of globa] tine
dllT€rcnces, this can resull r_ a sjtuaiion
ilhere people end up working laie md unsoclable
hous. Similarly, nobile phones. it possible
for us to be airav from ou| iiesks nithout
collcagues or clienls hto{ing that $e are actualy
on the beach. but ftose rve work Rith also
jt tor granted tiEt they can get hold ot
xs whenevcr theyneed to. Thisr0_ihat it is
hdder to siiich offftom work comptercty, and
can _ a lot ol disruprion to family lile.
3 Wfite the nounforns ofthe verbs.whid nouns and
verbs are the same?
OTHER
to take lomethlnS for gGnted
IPRACTICE
'l Decide if each pair of sentences mean rhe sane thing. If
not, what h the difference?
1 a Brad Pitt has raised a lot of money for chadrz .
b Brad Piti has donated a lor of money to charity.
Z a Wewill probabt lind a cur€ within the nexttenyeau_
b We will probabt find a cure within the nexr decade.
3 a Thedetective discovered a srrangestory.
b The detective invented a srrange story.
4 a Penicitlin has enabled usto cure many itlnesses.
b Penicitlin has made it possible for us to cure many
5 a The conquercE exptorcd the Western lslands.
b The conqueroB defeated the Wesrern lslands.
6 a Mobile phones havetransformed our lives.
b l'{obite phones have influenced our Uves.
1 Asyour EngLish be.omes more advanced, it is important to
improve your a.curacy and fluency when speaklng. which
tips wiLL hetp mak€you more a.curate, ftuento.both?
1 Atways use English durirgpairand groupwork
2 ALways use Engtish to ask questions in ctass.
3 Try to speak as much as you can during ctass dkcussions
4 In class (and at home) listen to the prcnunciarion oi nen
words and phrases and practise sayingthem.
5 Try to think in English whenever yo! can, and rry to avoi.
trarnating word for word from your own language.
6 cive fullansweB ratherthan answeringwith a word or
7 Ask your teacher to writ€ down imponant coffections
and tellyou about them afteryards
8 Where possibLe, take a few momenrs to plan what you
are goingto say and think of the bestwords, grammar
structures, etc. lo express what you want to say.
9 Listen when your teacher correds other studentr.
2 Which thfee suggestions could you work more on ?
lmproving your speaking in the classroom
iiix\l
ir.lseupe3q
pto {ur 5t'sr.rp par eBuue.a slo}LMr}.laq1!o ueu 3q1
uol$llod ̂q P.!trotte ^lpeq
uaaq seq'sP!.d.P uaolslorjaoqrqlqM'aPe4Sulqsgaql
'uonPu.rroJul.rouo^eqlllla.r\ueu no^Ie)ll,l
'lnraler8 ,ldaap :q s,(pMle l1/'\ uorlPu atoqM 3qr ueur e srsH
'ap61no ! PA ol sn ptol Poou peq e ur sea $ruo[d..ar aql
'!ogerado urlou
Irrs stsorna Pu€snoql1er.^3s 15o u31s^t ralnduor Mau rno
'unasnur P Mou sr 'Pltqr e 5e p.^llsu.))lc asnoq srql
9
s
€
()ooq !l)l'ta r^oDt ol asnep 3^11elar aq1P..u.a)
rr:$rjriri, \ Lilai,i, irrirr'i)ri,il irl |i.r!,"! ir:ri:: l
(ueu q)lq^ ̂ oll ol asnet) a^[eFr aqlP3.u oMJ
. irrlr l.l.l ! r i)ir.ioli:.Li 1..!Lr';i, ir:,:rrr'
'teuuor ou ore arsql issPr stql !t lnoqeBul)lel.ieaMuosrsd
ro 8utql qrlqr\ sn Ia101^res$rau srasnep.^r1el3r 3q1s.ulr.uos
(spuuo)rnoqrtM)sasnPP€^!lel.r;uluuio
sesnPP a^lletar BulullaP-uou s^3ulullao z
z
I
le qroMaq.riqM qresq aqr 8
r 8ur^e15ar,3M lrrqMl.loq 3q1 I
uroq se^\ tq)rqMe)eld 3tl1 9
s.;Pn8!etle PooB s o'lM euoouros S
atEsjol stosnoq oqM atdnor alr t
^epr.ls.,{ Mes.M ueuoM 3q1 €
sleurrue r3],rP s)ooloqM aloauos z
5oue3 l3lnduro) Pueq-Puo.s sllat leqM doqs P L
'ur€ql 1'.rro:) 2piroru! .re saserqd qrlqn z
'166t ur 
P.sEalar sea'aenu Sunof e
po^eld .rts ur ?pod asrpered ul!, lsrt] si113q)uel€ .1€l .9
raqloupue]8 {t! lE^ pue ottte aa {ePaqls,fepuns 5
'M.F qsuJo pr'!) e s -'.ss/egPrlnoq 
PPq aMrouuLprol t
'rllnq aq olSuroSsrtuErqu asu e aretdoqrsts!q] €
',&runor aqllo ttuou 3ql ut
sr 'puelleu ut saorr l5a33 q !q1 1o 3uo sr - reL.,r Suerql 
z
',(epreqlo aqt radpd.ql utseM oloqd ueu aqls,leql I
araqa /(tuo unouoi a^treF e qIA sarLraluas aqr ar€ldurof, L
u3qM' uo asoqM' oqM' urorlMo1 LplqM' qrlqMUl'
'r.'rj r trr,irLi'niN I i.ri4
'oqalo pe.rsur.'roqe asn.M aser s rtl urlErl!.rLloN unouora
aNretsr 3qr aroj.q o3 uer {aqr qsll3ul lpurol^'a^ urlnE
' !1l!'r'irii, i 'iq,t,r I'r'iu. r:i,,rlil
'.snEp aqlJo 
P€ aqrr€ o: ^lPurrou suo[sod.rd
lil i:ir,,. rri ir. r.lr:i L'] r. I ri
ii-t ,.,:r1; rr:r i r. :r I r, i i I :1 ir I i::tll,| I i rrrir rrr +
.i I ir iirrr!r1 r,r;irrrr..r'i. 1r r'rrri I 
"l 'p.l1ruo oslE
arE sufouori 'parxuo .re t]aqr puP .raq qtl rr.Jqis aqr o1r.r.r
qr qM sProa .sneP a 1€lar E q1a sarual!.s aurquror.M uaqr .
.i.rj:r, f rij r iir,i ir r.irrf ii rt r.,r.r r i NLrr'l,r!': ir| i ii :i. r r,i : r
: riirrl.i i. r i,: ,.11 r.,il,;rtir \l;r,,j'teq )a aqr\'q.tqM\ua ue)
no{ 'asnpp .^rlel.r .rt1 jo pafqo.q}s tutqlro uosrad Ptt asnep
3q1Jo Defqns €qlsLurolord 3^1Elar aqr'o^oqe s.ldurex. aqr uL
iUlSt'I3hl3d
.I
rir jf.:irJ.rl rr.rri,1ir,1r:r i'i,I lirrrl
'../.qaq!asuotltsodarc corP.MleqlarlroN
trlirn,i \ri I sLrrlr \ !rr.rrir r,rr.rr i'j!r i
luotrtsoddd + leqllplq^'.)a'lA) s.rPld .
rrlri r.rr !rlfti'r!r \riiqi !..lrlrr ntr 1.iii I
(rro'/,) suolss.ssod .
i!.xr'^'a\ r,zi^i
'xoq iqlut€serqdro P.roM P q1!a s.rualu.s.qr ar.Furol €
t lf trfvudI
r:i--!-EF:i.]+:t ii jif jr.rr ii. ;. ; i.ri.,r,loN
sesnep Sutuu.p uou ur unouord a^rrEt.r 3qr tno.^e.l ro!uPr no
rrrrrf I ir!1 ri :. frii, rr rL.il
r,,r'riri,rlfr:.r.re.rfiirLrilixr,fl,,'r,r..,.jr,,r,\'i.:iirr,rjr'rrl
rasnepS! ! ]aP lou uLrPqr.sn 1oluer fo
i8a8w!l^tfu
:rrili iirilir f'r,rr l rrlq4.qiii' ir_'ir.r,r i.ri ! ;'il rf
:illi lr ! i lrr 1r! !r g$ i iLir,1! )!.{rr'.i ! ixr r rl}ri q r l !!Lr rfr.,r
aql (ratp,!€ss.r.u I pue) .roJaq seuuotr ore 3ra!l iase) slql
ut uolr€urojur e4xas.^ttrr-rnoq€SuflElsre.Muoead/8!rtll
q)lrt/r\ sn Ia101^res.)au lou slasnelr a^Llelar 3w saurn.uos
(seuuo) qra) s€snep .^!rp|d 3u!u!t.P-uoN
ir!!r|ri,1; rriri .,r # ; rrrri,, rjiloN
ijr ||_- !rr'|rr.r!i.ri,!i.r.,r,, irirti:,r I i I
'unou e r3lJP lPtl4 esn ol lrarorursrll
ir!sW3w3u
'liiriJ rr.- i:r.:ij rrr.! r!li/li:rl!,r{ rrririJ i j rr
(reqt ''Plqa) sSurtll '
' (uaq la .Jaq^ a'aL!^' oq/r
'reqr 'q'q^) unouord 3^l€Fr € 3!En seull pue sareld'suorssassod
'.tdoad s8utq1uoq€ loBeurolutsn a^r; r.sneP 3^[elal
tPraua9 L
sasnelf aA!lPl€u
Quant i f ierswi thcountabteand uncountablenouns
Quantifiers
Countable and uncountabLe nouns
. Nours ir English are eithercounrable or uncountable. tf€ rour js
uncountable, i rdoes not have a ptura l form.
. some nouns ir English have countabte and uncountabte forms.
L . r i , , i l i i , r .L" i : ; r : i : . . ' r , : , i . ; r ,$r r i f : r (= uncountable)
: r.::ri I ri,'ir:|.i,.iflj (= countable: cups o/cotree)
. Some uncourtabte nouns have a pttratforrn wh]ch is differert in
i i ] i L i . . | ' . j j L . ' ' . r . 1 i ] . i j 1 . ] ] i i l ] , | h i l ] | L l l
(= urcountablet physicat ham)
rr i, I f. ii.r r ir liN,ji,i!j l= ptuat:financiaL
Quantifie6 with countabte nouns
. sevent, one ot two, a <ouple, a few quite a few very few
A few, a coupLe and one ar twa altmean a snr.I number,.
I : r r : . r r ! r l i i ! i I N r | l \ : o r ' r . ! \ r ! r " l h 
r , . . . r , ! r j l
seyeral means more than a few.
Notice that a/ew and qrtre a few emphasise the positive.
. \ : i I in$rr : r r : : t \ r , l i j r i l , I r : fn r
wheteas few and very fe\r enphasise rhat it is a smar nurnDer.
I j r ! i rL . r \ r , r ' . r i i \ i ; r r r r i r : . r i . . \ ' r i f r . f r i r r i r r i r l
. nany, a nunber ol toads of, hundrcds of, doens of, erc.
These are a lLused wi th ptuGtcountabte nouns.
Many and a numbetofarc used in more formal sitrarions to iatk
about a large, nonipecific n!mber.
Loads af, hundreds of and daze,r o/are mostty used informaly.
Ioo nary is used with co!nrable iouns to mean ,more than we
i ' . , . j : i r i r : f r | r , i r , , , : i r . j
Quantif iers with uncountable nouns
' a little, very little, (guite) a bit of
A little ard a bitof rcfet to uncounrable nouns abdoltendsto
be used in conversarion and inforrnatsiruatiors.
i r . , I r r i i l r . r ) r t . f i j r L j i l r r i l . r i i , r r , i r : r r r r r , r r : . :
r i ) r . I r i l r i r I . I ' f r . I r f . t r f i ;
L/f rlelyeryllttle emphasises a smalt quanrtry.
I i ! r l Lr I' r il , r 'r ' i i , .i l .: , i
Quireabdolis used to emphasiserhe positiv€. We cannorsay
i r r : r r ( t L . r ) l i j r l r r r . : l i , r i J . J l i r i
. much, a gteat deal of, loads of
Much is usedtotalkabort large quarriries. tt is used wirh
uncountable nouns and is mainty used in qu€stions and neg.tives.
4 greai deal o/ is used in fornralcontexls - toadj o/ is infolmal.
I , . ' . r f , 1 , . : i r i L l i \ r i ) j r , r " r | , r r r r . . : , i t I i r , I r , ! , r . l
: i r r , i i r r f r i i 1 r i , . i i i
Ioo nrc, is used with urco!ntable nounsto mean more lnan
i . i : : l ! f i r r f i i : . . i r i t i r : r i r L r r r . r ; r , ,
Alorofis used with both countable ard uncountable nours. tt is
used Less in formal situations. tt is not usualLy used in negative
sentences aid qu€stio.s.
lofs otis lsed in the same way.
.1, i i " f . l r r . . ' r r r ' , : , . r ; r r . . . I i i i , i .
E ough is used with borh countable and uncountabte .orns ro
mean as much as we need .
Plerty of means 'more than we need.
r r ; . r : r i i r r r i i i
- r : I r . \ i r r L . j i ) i . r i i r j i r r j r : , i . i r r r f t i ! : , r r : f . t
some and a/ry are both used with pluraland uncounliore nouns,
and in positive and negative senrences.
some refers to a limited quantity ornumber. tt can be followed
j lfi il| r..i ii , ilrirrl: iri
i , r L i r r r i : $ ! r , , , r r r r r i r l J i i t , r , t r : i i r L r i : r , r l
4ny refe6 to an urtimited quantity or number. With a positive
,.,r i, i rr.ij i.,rr,r.,r ir i\ .1 i). :.;i: (= all of them, ii doesr't
Whereaswith a negative verb, it means .one.
r , . l i . . . I I \ I , ' i I L i | i . , j L r , r f i . ( = n o n e )
l'inacirCr z
1 choose the phrasewhich is closesr in meaningtothe ones
1 slvqalpeople have applied forthejob.
hundreds / loads / note than a few
2 lhere are too marv people in the recording studio.
dozens of / hundrcds of I norc than we need
3 We have veN little tiflre before rhe bus teaves.
enough I not nuch / plentyof
4 -5is Drojelr hd, a rea€v !o\r r( a C]c!&eat of money.
a bit of I a lot of / not enough
5 You can get a free map at4ytourjst office.
attofthem / none ofthem /someofthem
6 Don t buy aiy more food, we ve got p!e!E.
enough / norethanenough /toonuch
7 He eats ani/thing.
everything / roth ing / @ thin thi ngs
8 ldon't like 5g!ie of her recent songs.
all/cettain/'tl,ost
2 Choose the quantifier which cannot be used.
1 Iherc ate a bit of / a few / qu ite a few / seven I rhin$ ta say.
2 I hete is a b it ol / a little / vety fittle / ve ry few norey teft .
3 lherc wete abitof / asrcatdealof / hundrcdsof / roadsof
peoplewaitirg forthe team at the airport.
4 Ihete s enough / much / plenty of / too nuch sah i. the sarp.
5 | foolishly didr't foltowa / any / no / some al the adlice I
was given.
6 knew some ofthe peopte ir the room, buta/es /ary /
nary / 5oDe of them r'd never met befor€.
sBulqt ,
'LlsllBul u.todsrno^ !^ordur! 01 p.dpq
seqt qrnu ^{oq sru3Pn$raqro qrlaereduor pu€ stesse
uaqf qtuour €rc,uoI &1PUP seeP! €qt lo €Lro €sooql z
'urofu€r no^ leqr e3iP
lP)ol rno^ ur qnltr qsnBut rc aSuEqt(a uorreea^uor e Pull 9
'rr^Ps or eoq 
Peaq rnox
,{uoluarar E prerEtd e
&opt^ p reot, e uoolEq e uroor3aptrq E
reuueq P uotlPrlsuouap e rte] e uolldarar E
rorerrads p ulllor € €Llnlso) e lPraunl P
prsM4s e €urnou E apered e oslPueqrrau
urisqrprd puE uetd pue',{es o13^eq lq3tur no{leqr Bulill
'o puq aqisurteu|1rre rrF.^tunrno^1e sru.Pnrs
u3!..,o1ol uaorrno,( u I ststr no1 01 Suqeids lroM 1e)
qsll8ut asn o1.^eq rq8tu no^3r3qM suooPnNlo tutql
'Suqeads a)l|lsrou ua4o sr qsn;ut lo
at^15 aql'8u|1!a.re no^ qtnoqlv slu3u.rLlor .l!M Pue
utPa$aralular€ no^D.iqns e lnoqe unroj aulluo ue ulof
'ule8e 1l asFPrd',0es.)au
Jt uoaeDunuordrnor()trort) Pue ulPSP u.lsll uoLlr
jtaeno^ Pnole it SulP€r .srpeld No!-c^c aq1 uo rl
ol ua$!lpuP l llun uo4 orpne Jo uoFr3s}loqs € esooq:)
'uollelrunuord F.!o)
oql paqr o1 tuPUorprP-ruru r no^ u! otPne aql o1 3uru.lsll
Iq ouroq le sproaMaulo uoBer)unuord eqr anDerd
5a)4srL1r Dalor PUe:ulPro.ar rno^ ol u.lsll 01
Fqresl rno^ )isP pu€ '1e$ {es 
Ih no,(leqM.sorud Pue
uetd 'rra 'doldeyauoqd .Iqow )nof8usn a6pl 6u!In)
uo4 qsel Sur)iP.ds .qi SuroP jPtno^ ulu ro Prorel
'/\^ol.q salro;aNr .qr o1 xoq aqlu!sproM 3ql qtlPh !
1}r)vudI
aug ino(.leror(^r^Erp NU e) dn al?r or
{FnoFsturqr.uos qe} ol
.)qd€lel01
!]HIO
'nor( rol atqlssod.re reqr eot.q
seipt aql )l)tl ftluno, uao rnor( q I oP 01anlssod M
s! r! $q 'uroo.rssPtr 3qt 3plslno ?u!)Feds .slrr€d ol r.lsP€
qrnur s! 1! '/Orunor 3u!)e.d5-qs!tBu! ue ut 8u!^!l alE no^ ll L
urolar taqar an.nb
r3q1PB 3t€rorap dep
a^eM eruels
aloluord lsalord .pEred
raaqr alerq3tar uStEduel
)roa.rue
te Bs.J e
uel e
rlel e
ruPdlFUaBeSuoue
uotrerorap e
.lnfore
u,,ror e
ial3r!er!a uP.SreLp or
le^!ur4e
uoorSaprqe
.prq€
uoolPq a
.ldo.o penrE 01
^leti^luueue
s-tNlI l tvDtds asurol unou 3qr.ie tPqA\ 2urol
unou.ql sP eues.ql pu.rP xoq 3q1ulsqr.^.^$ qrlq^\ €
sruoredrtaql
$lte8e qset) / pq t ualeduet e ara, sr.Seuoar ̂uew
-tred 
looqrslenuue aql ularetd / te.se / uedZunerU.],l
'raqpur sLq/o oroqd
e / Dle / dn saryr ay sqleu le PooS ̂tqur.l 1 33rD
'pt d. aq ot 
Pa^eM I Paddelt
/ pa.r{, pue ̂uoleq aql oluo rno.uetr tul) 3q1
'sreef )nat fra^a a'etd 
I go / rred otEl sldulto 3tt1
'waads stq ,nd 
/ aPzu
/PIP luiPts.rd .qr se ruotF araa sroPrlsuouaP aq1
qxsdseqe(F^3or
Aull3qte8et.qplor
arerqu. ue/.)eiqui or
qla qsep ol
deF 01
Faqr 01
uotre4.lar e/ore4alar ol
u3 eduer e/u8 edub or
rtuou3ratr e
r3uue! e
iPAoD I $arPpe or
s.lsttotd oNv sNotj vt€il]f,
9
5
€
z
a^eM e/.^eM or
(.psed),Golrhe
ueSolse
lsureSe!o|lP!are
lsureSe $a1ord e/lsaprd o1
uorlouoro e/apuoro o1
Pereld E
lnt{otlot
plMo301
(11 uoorssep eql epgslno qs;18ug
'sraMsue rs.q .q1 $oo'tf z
Overview of modal verbs
Mustexpresses necessity. Thee are rwo types of necessity.
. Obligation
Imqrt4. / rom.roy I fegot t . be at 'nat I eat l ) l t tnonav.
Musr, t means 'obliged iot to'l not altowedto'.
rou nustn tsaoke iti lerc!\/eu.oul.l4at a ficl
REMEMBER!
Have ta and have gat ta also express obltgatio.. Murr often expresses
an obugation that comes from the speakerwhiLehavefo/havegorfo
express an obLigation that com€s frorn someone orsonrerhing eLse.
rrrdJt9o /r.rre rr., /r'.it.i.. (= have decided this)
I ve qat ta be.r ,'i.k'.. li t.tf .hirr rl.trin]
(= my boss decided this, hav€ an earty nreeting, ek.)
The ldea that something is not necessary is expressed by dor'r haye fo.
f.ti dan t hafe ta bLr!. ti.i.t;ll.i., tl.ti t tatila
Herelnust rneans iromthe evidence tam surethis istru;'.
He s ra i eht | | . r i tg h is phone ] lemutbehanicet ing.
lf we want to say something is logicalty impossible, we use car't.
Sur.ly h..anl be 6a, heariy iaaks abautla!
2 Shouldlshouldn't
Shorld ;s used for obligations that are not strong it is not
necessaryto do someihing but it is'a good idea'or rightthing.
v.u dtould be iti be.lbyna,r (= this is the dCht rhinC)
| 4outd ' i r " . r , l - r r lo t d good rded)
4 Could
Couldalso expresses possibility in three ways.
. Ability (as th€ pan of cn) rte.ould ak!a,1l,Mlk o, i1L itu bttthdaj:
. Pemission cooid/rrrirr.tlor r npreril
. Present/future po$ibility o/ t:.16e lctuldbegk\tg.
S May
Generally, r?ay (,ot) expresses possibility in two ways.
. Pemission (mainly in first person:formaL)
May t\tearla \:aD rna tnan,rri?
. Prcsentfutu€ possibiLity T here nay be a \!.nr laa!
6 Might
. Presenvfuture possibility ty. $ighttee),au latet.r'r'e li\eewhat
. Pemission (rather oidjashianed) Might t atk yor La ipeal up a tifite?
REMEMgER!
. The differ€nt degrees of probabiliry expressed by modatverbs can
be srmmaised tike this.
REMEMBER!
. srouldcan be foLtowed by a conrinuous form.
. r h ( r 1 / n . I e L . . . , 1 n , - ( - 1 o r l
. Ougrrtuhasthe same meariig assrorld.
far auEhr ta be in betl by h.t/'.
3 Can
Can expresses possibility in three ways.
. Ab'lity
5hp can ipp.kflaent tjetn.n (= she is abteto speak cerman)
Be arle fo also expresses ability.
r-ne'3 able ior,realflrer,r (ier"rr
When the sentence needs an infinitive (e.g. after warf or aftef
another modalverb), use be able ta, not can.
lvanttab4 able to ling Like trel
Cab I iktet nrT fot a h.nlerti (= is it possibLe ro irteriupt?)
tt 5vetu lat ir nlitn1.t, brt itcak be t.ezirl i1||ijt€t.
Noticethat ca, is not used ro talkabour specific possibitities
either in the present or in the future.
L a.Jk ni rli..t pboarl i I coukt i nay I'hight Lt, i i nve
NOTr. . l r r r r . .L i / th . r . r l r+t , : ) t1 !h . .
I tcAgr.-r i
'l Tick sentence a orb which is ctosest in meaning to the fhst.
1 Yo! sho!ldn'tsayanything.
a lt s notagood id€a tosayanything.
b lt s forbidden to sayanything.
You m!stn't say anlthing.
a lsayyor're not altowedtosay aiything.
b lt s not necessaryto sayan)4hiig.
Th's can't be the rightwayl
a l'm sure thatthis isntthe rightway.
b Peftaps this isn'tthe rightway.
You donl have io tetlhim.
a lt3 not necessaryto rellhim.
b l t s prohib i tedtote l lh i rn.
That must beTim arthe door.
a I m sure thEtt Tim at the door.
b Perhaps that's Tim at rhe door.
a lt som€times snows in lvarch.
b Perhaps itwiltsnow in l4arch.
The match coutd be ponponed.
a Perhapsthe match was postponed.
b Perhapsthe match wiLlbe postponed.
!
D
!
tr
tr
.
tr
D
-
n
tr
D
!
n
isSeurll.q P.Bueq)
{BFlduo) s,eqs '$qroP ,$!! 
,o rot e (Inq)-.qe) q
'qol^{ou raq utlPurs 
)oot ol pep.dx.
sea.qs sp seqrorr dru ro rolP ({nq)- .qP) e s
.uoB s,rpo)rrtl suoq (o8)- aluuvq
'Ved re).qlur 
|rs s,re)rrtl ruoq (ot)- rt'ruve t
'sau!,o suazop
al.q uaaq 3^.I€qr - rsol (ra8) -))elPUe era^ q
...rqt rq
riq iq p,,(3qr ptes,(aqr - lsot (l€4 -)ref 
PUe e$A P €
.rruo pqsFutsrurpd Iu-3uDrp.ur (^pnd - 
tq
8ullp^ell oB or papDap trnq':uDrFu (fPnls)-le Z
':uoq ro3 no^ aruF u.t]1
uaas r,ua eq I tloa re s.ssprS rno.{ (a sal) 
- nolq
'o3e saFulur ̂{.t e u.qrrq 6qr
u!uiqr Mes t-)roa le sa$etBrnoI (3^Eat 
-nole 
L
'rrqre4 ut sqa^ aqr ro uol pallor
.qr pue tepou rsed lrpldorddg uE qr!,$ sde;.'D q.lduol
' .qMauos rsol1o3 a equ?l
/ap{{e@ 3qs'qortN or p.uaddPq r,reqa Mou)il,uoP an 9
. suollrnllsul iqr ol uolusrlP arour
PtPd. etl$nu I a eL!Hnolls3/\^- ssaur P ur.r,.ar;puo \ oN 5
',(ets ot utq p.)loj euo oN or pilu€a
.q aulr,(up esnort 3qr lalarzqrqEu /a ert noDpl ea v
'no^ rol €ru3t$dx. 
lnj.l^P u€ @eq a^eq $nu
/rgolPerrl Toqs 3lq!ll3r e se,{lsr\au a$ tule€q arns uril E
'3utr uo uo[Ers aqr 01F orgsnr Luppo)
t ol e eL! ruplp eM os 'ped aql uo rujerl ,(uP ̂lPrPq se/t\ araql z
luoq Fuoqd I lPqt P.P!^ord 'p3ruEM
Isetuot splno {prs otpe{/prro, |'ra8eu.alPsea Iu3ql I
iauaaaaspalM
o eq ppot na{ lAapu^aqlla a ! ^ortri o1nofla pdqs se^,
'r,uPtP I rnq'u6ddeq ol tu!qi.uos
rr €tqtssod sP^ r! uaq^r pasn s! aneq P,,or turol lsed 3q.L '
ut p:sn .q uer o, aJqe l{rsP,l4 Pue r,upt,o, 'urol3^!re8au aql ul
(uotseDo rqnrtued e uo st$ ptpflenDeiq =)
t^eD ol arqe se^/or padeueu aq 'p.!n[u! 
\peq se^ aq q6not]|lv
'uolserro rlJp3ds e uo plp ̂llnlssarrns
no,{ lertA lnoqe )fl pr or p.sn de or atqe te^ pre 01 pabeue N .
(uotse))o rElnrFed ,{ue uo rou '^roaqr ut=)
'PaNe$ a^ )a^eu.rl^ 06 pue auo) ppD./A
)Ut)ads rou 's.qlllqe 
lerauaS uoqP tler or P.sn ̂luo I p,not .
'or pr6€u.4 s.utl3uos ro 'o? 8,gP re,4 ro 
PPD st t]er lo $ed 3qI
PIN03
'u1oJlun e )Pe^ o1 .^ett ruPlPlol peq I loaq)t ]e se^ t uaq\\
'o1a^eq l,uPlP sl e^lP8au
3ql pue orpeq s!Lllioj rsed .qr 'uo|l?Bllqo sossaJdx3 rsr@ u3q/\^
lqr ol Bulpro))e suro, rsPd lu.r.rrlP €^eq $uFuros qePoN
slePou lsed
lepour $eo p.!o, .r.tl.sooql I
z r)trf,vudI
'{al,alqe&u ate ataq- ue^pe u!papoqa eqotr46noaA4
'atd!)rred rspd + anpq o r/rno s! otrqfno,o $ed aql
(1 PtP no,( lnq 'Papl poo8 P 
lusea s!q1 =)
ipq.alun laaP aqt lal a eql,uPlnoqsno^
(r!oP r,llPtP nof rnq 'Papl poo8 e seM s!$ =)
'inotua na[ a]olaq toop aql papol a^eq 
Plnoqs na{
'aldDlled rsed + a p./ptroqs stplnoqsjo i!ro, rsed 3q1
a^eq olrqdt oPue a^eq nnoqs
(piu3dd?q slql rpql €lqtssodut suees I ',(tlE]r3ol =)
,aPPel e tnoqtw\ tPM ?€tfi )a^o P.qulP a eq Luet ̂aqt
(p3|l3ddeq slqr l€ql aNlssod s!r!'Iller!8o]=)
'^oPulM aq] q6ndql u! F6 a^Etl 
PD,o/tq6lu/[eu '{aql
(p€ueddeq srqr leql urerar suri.s I ,!p)3ol=)
'pauaddetl peqyqApteaq naIuaqfpauo uaeq^er!$nu na|
,(rrrrqpqord lo slepor sqr ro sruatp lnba $ed iqr re stepour .siql
e etl$nw'a eq (lou) 1q6w
'e^eq (tou)feu'e^eq (tou) pqo,'a et4t,ue)
.PUoa aqr
u! arnreaD FarPr aql3q 
- 
I 
'1lal auo fluo s! ar.qr sv I
'IEMe sarFurolq !! ateui, e ll.us uiaqljo suos I
suPUnq
^q pr€aq aq-qrlqaspunos paqrld-q8lq qeu f.ql 9
'pll^t aqr ulrnre€D
stqlrE.ur nofJt{]MolsleMp l]eq ro lltrs ̂ers - no^
rte aqt utsirl.u ost rnoqP dunlor
slqe.q plno^{.llt irnrPir)slql se qBtq se dunf sarl
'uoos truru.
3q- pue sleurlup puelF.rer s,puoM 3qr lo auo q rl
'uroq 8u!.q ,o enoq u!qr!/i ilP
,(atD isno.q $^!l ]]oqs raqr ,o rsour .r.11 .)pu - faql
'q/uq ooL F^o re ulr - rlz
I
re3!1 .srollol PueFl eluld
fU^eu qlour satJ qepaqr rPaq rsq
1{Untssod .uo uEqr
ou.q {p!u !qr) 9a tppou e qrlr,r sde3.qr.retduot
uaql r\otaq uolleurroru!.'$ or xoq aql u!qeurlue.ql qtlEN z
MYSTIRIES AND ODDITIES
2 compt€te the gaps with €xtreme adjectives.
1 The group were so far away, alt we could see were some
_ figures in the fardistance.
2 lt was a(n) _ moment when viot€nce broke out
between the police ana the demonstrators.
3 The crowd werc reaLly _ when the fefere€ sent off
the home team s captain.
4 We were sitting right in the front row, so at times the
noise of the group was
The film was so _ thai many membeE ofthe
audience walked out beforethe end.
Pictures ofthe concenwere projected onto a
EXTREME ADIECTIVES
l.i*CrrcF
1 Replace the uf,derLined phraseswith aword/phrase inthe
boxwith the same m€anins.
a natural phenor.enon mysteious a myth
eye witness UFO practicaljoke
vdeo screen, so everyone coutd see perfectiy.
The march lasted forhours and afterthey'd been
walking for such a long time everyone was _.
The eveninggot off to a grear starr with a _speech
by the prin.ipal the whote audience was laughing.
Therewere huge queuesatthe foodstalli, so by rhe
time we got to the front we were absolutely .
All herguests agreed that Lucinda looked in her
'l when hemorising n€w vocabutary, 5urprising id€as and
imagesa.e more merno.able than ordinaryones, so use
them to improveyour vocabulary. Read the ideas betow.
Which do you think is most effective?
1 When you are learning new words or phrases, fom
a su?rising mentalpicture to helpyou. For exampLe,
to remember the phrase prb licity stunt, inaqine a
megaphone (a symbolof publicity) jumping acros a iver
on a motorbike (a symbolofa stunt).
2 Record new words in a vocabulary notebook. Look ar it
rcgutarly and make newsent€nces inyour mind usingthe
3 f,1ake ridiculous fiymes with words or phEses that you
are trying to lea.n. (You might €ven try to set them to
This is you fnst exquisite visit, is it?
coonline and go to a search engine. Type in a wordthat
you are tryingto remember and see whar images come
up. Choosethe most memorable image, print it out and
writethe word on the page.
Wite newwords on Post-it notes and srick them to your
fridge, bedroom door, €tc.
Personatise words thaiyouwantto remember. Use them
lo say something about youEelf.
'festyoutself. 
Research shows that testing is an effective
way of rememberingnew information, and the harderthe
test, the bettef you wiLlremember.
1 0
OTHIR
Doyou beLievethat story? lthink it's somethins which a
tot ofpeople think istrue but actuaLlListrtue.
ldont th ink i t s someth 'ng that haooens natuEl tyand is
not strange in anv way.
Thatt extraora inary. lt s really hard to undeBtand whar
happened.
Was that a iqkqlhalrou dont tell buiwhereyou acruallv
do something to someone.
she was the p€ag!_whaE\qi leppr!.
It looked Like a spaceshiottrcE lnqlher+Laret.
5
6
NNN
Memorise new vocabulary
riLrc':11r'r!:r it ir t! !llru,rl rri:r .jr.rJir lril, Jiir
:r ir,:,r!initi atJt] qpl sleuer pre 5e35 ee^! isaSuEr uterlnow .
I .r.r1r ir r.. !,...r,r;;!1.31)tr€
ue 3)er lou op $telpue sure nou retn)tredlo $ueu aql ,
::: J iirl i |::|i.ri'ir llri,| t.r rt,,r rfitl iijjt( ::ij )rtt aqt i)el
sr!msnur pue raD.IeS i5l31oq spur.up ,sa4p.q1 
to saueu .ql ,
j:iir i 11:,.i ,iirri!LLif 'rj.rlj:r ri:rt tr!.!,r: i.q1ue ue.lpl
lou op querneF.r pue sdoqs 3a8puq qrEd 5l3orrs,speor 15ol/.l
ir:f: iit.r lr riL:rrii I j r:rj n!],r, :ii j rf: i\,i.r:i I L.ir ur:rri:ln€
,.1:: ri:; rr. rr,tllrr ir;rrr ti. r.irrir
'3Prue uE 3sn 
10u op.a,uorSar ernoqe)te1a^\tl
i,:ii |l],rrr :11r:r:;f
arjr \r r J!l Jt,r|, .rr;.r! :|tr r;r:lr.iiri|rr:r: j i\,:i:suorldarxl
i.r-,r.i , :i': r !l ,i lii Jii r,t fir. i
'at)rtrp ue r)etpu op sar1|r pup 
ruMor sarut^ord
5a1P$ tpueFltlL.uouo) r.uluio) riaueld lsou lo saueu aql
:i(lr. rJr r.;JJ rr rj. i i.,:aptue ouro iailr o)er uer suose.s .
1.'.fri.l:ri:ni 1f;: i 'ri rr! Ir ri I I s^eplsqruou
tiffr r, rsuoseavsreaf .
'aPttre ou o)er s.serqc aLrltlraqlo
.i r,:.rrjii iir,r'jil.:il :ritt :s.lrnu.r/saperap
(Jlrrrir], ,r r!.., ri,r, r: rnq)
,.',,i,r,i,i,.Lr.i i, ii,ir!,, rir.i jr i,, .,., .i.. -1,. !r i^ep.ql 
to slleo .
L rL i. |Lli ir! ir):ri l riili.r :ji:j:r t| lt.jrl :rrjr,r i$lep .
'aqr a)el s.r€rqc .ult auos
.sdnor,
r3'!o -d uer.lr 
J3n€q ]u3 €d g8 pauro!3d &aqc o1
pr{ofip r€dq p"q oL r dno a -" 
". 'd"" o&o
s?d araql .s^lsal nouaru Lri 
lnq ,uorlE4uaruor 
Jo surral
u sdnof aorqt -,r 
ll.a4aq !.ua€J}lp ou s€d eraqJ
'I? rPr\a!r rou prp prrrr 
r -fl.$l$dl{.o,pJl rdrdrd
,.rtuo puocas -zr rurnS 
6aqJ ot psaolle ara,\r dnoiS
'sJrl - 
,r ljw'.er.ud iLoJ oUe&ou€u rdq.l .d or
parflsap s1s3l Jo Gqurnu -0r 
FruroFscr {rsra run
euq unqdo\ rpsrsd.rrllo.Joonort -o {Dn.c 
rro.
.ulBrrl -r 
r4 uea]r\o Jo uopJnpoJd -,
i.Illrr p31.3uuor aq n?u )iual -! 
,crouau puE flrlraql
u33,{}aq {qI -, $ 
areq} 1"{r sunep naloq:rs .,r3rpLy
{ dpnls -, 
Jo ro'lnE -z :um3 
8ur\aqr ruo{
ryauaq ̂tFrqJ€ uEr stdGd 1€ql pspo ar s?1{ {pnF
d3u -L 
lnq !r u€q 01 p3 1 sxEq! a^Eq sraqr?qt
lunE EulnaaqC
'aqr Io uele qtM rx.t sql.ratduol 
L
I riirty* I
: i:iiLr lLi:i .ir trrir; I r:rir r:t_l
'aill osi ai ,Sutptrnq aqlrnoqe Suuutql.j€.^ 
ltla^aMol.l
ir:i.::r:r.i .rjr I rt.l
lol ll.sn aa.sodrnd
teurou aql pue,rolrnltlsuraqlrnoqe Bu )urqr are.a uaq^
.lrEe ou .sn sM ")la ,prrtlt fitsral,lun ,uasld a\t sclo( \t\t
tetldtoq ,tphqr 'hlea 
lun 'u6td looqrs :suo$nlrlsul
(uo1uo).q1Iq Fuu.p aur[ e =) ]..i.r. |,r:.,.. jJdu!,1.1
(e!o srqrrole.uo eq1=) .!j iiir, ,l I :,i,,,i
(u.ruo) aq1,(q P3UU.p aup e =) ni,,), ".,:i.:,r"!ii,rr.r.
{.Lo srqr dro,aq .Lo e.lr -) r". .
.3urLre3uto oBu€qr
e stotql mq aqrlnoqrtmro qlt/,^ pasn eq !pr $^tttlpe.saqr
,:.;li :r L ir:r.n: rrr,rrxtr..r,:i sa^4r.fpe a llelladnsq+$rvr. .l
(.uo.!ros ar.$=) ,r.',;!r ii,i; ,::rrrr,r.\
'aqt.sn aM,uoe.d auo or )rJr)ads srqoie 
Jrln€
hr)dr lr.e,(Ler drP or..I =J .
'uele asn se qor rEtnrtl]Ed € Sulop otdo.d 
fLreu .r e araw ll
su€lqo.jd asnsr uauo lErll sEajv z
rr,rfi., iri).:rr.,:rLri ji( r! r. :.,.,.\ri r,1r, , ..r, :
.1i..:r,:r:, r :r,.f r:,i Lrr .,rri
.\r:rlr| 5Lr Lr r:iJlir, r !, lr: ir. iir,irr! ,ri,Lil
'3ur^ oltol oqi apnpur a$ql .fI enphrpu 
asaqr ureal
ollsoq srl sat)UreuoqllM pup qr$ s.s€jqd poxjJ.{ueur are araql
,.j,rrLr,i| .(E uorpis o.s) suorta)xa
r(Lreu er€.raqr riq breld ro stdood to s.Lleu eqr qr$ .
it.iiirir:rr rr ifli sunouolqp norun ro lprnld 3usn
:leraua3 urs8urqllnoq€ {eraM uaq^ aptrre u€ asn rou op./
r;irr.Lrrllir,rtj I ri. illiifr;f
'rtsMo ot 
WtqM aserqd eql,{q p.uu.p sl
'jt'r'r i: ! r,, n :ii:i n{.\ 
rrrri rif r r j.rirt ; ii jrli-: r r.,,,r.jrl
'iro].q p3uoruaur u€q seq
(aser strtl ut ,aulSua auo
fluo s .reqr =) ijjir:iiir iir!i, ir.\r,;t,.:)f,.\,+.,.,..,.,1.r1
(auo ̂juo sr araqr =) iri, ir, :;,1 rij, 1r tr,r j rrj, i.r)
'(ualuor tpw ut .nb !n ro) .nbrun sr .
:uosad ro 3urq1 aqr asneraq ,auo q)rq^\ Mou) oai uelm dqr.sn.r
sal)!!P a uuao
:t1:r:ii' rL, Jrj !r;trr.jr,\ .tr:r, aroJiq p0uollua!u !aoq rou seq
'|f irrj r,rir if{r lfrrl ..nblun 
lou sl
(slstue {u€u ore.raqr =) ,!ri I Lre!.,r',(!eu ro.uo sl
:8urql aLtl asnpraq,ouo q. q/{ aoDjl,uop oM, u.qM,s/e asn i,.
selnr rtsE€ I
.ur!t jo s.serqd q.t,{ aprr" 
"r'rr"O ro "rn-uoii".]!
PUP
asn E
s€l)! e ro tsn-uou Pue osn
2 Complete the text with a/an, fre ornoarticle (6).
The UK's haxdest working man?
'_ hadestwo*ing Irm jn ,_ UK has decided to
take life I little easier Jmes Mcsponm has retired
s a- only policeoftce. on s_ Liny lslmd of Gigha in
6- north'west ScotLuid. However. he will continue to
sere Gigha's 200 inlubitants in r_ ftmber of oLher
roles, for he is also 3 onk posLmEn, ,_ ambulance
man, r0_ shopkeeper and 'r_ taxi driver for
r'?- islad. i- poljce job wasnt denulrding, he told
ta-TiiDiEs. ls,people on the island are ar either 16
relaties or ,- friends, so 13 crime is u*nomrl
3 Adda or tne to the sentences below where necessary.
1 My brother works as t€vel represeitative in Canada.
2 President of USA has resigned!
3 Sahara is largest desert in Afdca.
4 He was last pe6on to see victim alive.
5 l'ltseeyou nextweek.
6 Weather is better in south ofcountry.
7 | live near hospital.
8 He'llbe here in monring.
9 Can lhavetwo tickets for 9 p.m. film?
l0 My dream ls to retire to tropical istand somewhere.
Different ways of giving emphasis
1 Intensifiers
Abetut 9, conptetety, reaA to
We usethese words to add €mphasis to adjectives.
rJrf ,i,.f , i{.i. ii irsil(rt?t x/ilri;ri
AbsaLutely a.d.anpleteLy are usually used only with ungGdabte
adj€ctives (for example /arfasflc, .trtl, etc.)which aheady
describe ai extreme orabsolute quality.
i,.11.i./ .. .. /..ci {NOT.}*r*€1J.9€€dl
lr! r,x i! ri /i.r/ D,rtlr. 'r,rr.r r,,J ftrrDi.rel/iyirl.
(Nor espl€&'j€d)
far is used for emphasis with too + adje.tive ot too muchlnany +
ri i.i:n r0., rirr.li r/arlrh
We also use /ar with comparative adjectives.
)/o r'r .r ii I r;r]d' rrrii / d ,r),|la l.rd
2 So and such
50 is used before adjecrives to intensify them. nr,r ?,i,r rn iL{ir/l
s,c, is used befo€ an adjective + noun.
It.'? rr.i!ria ind, l,-'.Lnrirl L?r.!xr,1
A/4, are used afterruch. ir rtir((iJ r ii r.tirrrli)'l
Notice that with muchlmary
r / f ! . i i iLr r i ' 'nr l !q . l i r r i i
3 Use of auxiliary verbs
We often add an auxiLiary verb in the posiuv€ for emphasis.
l.r!i trllo d.eJ nr.;i.r r,.r i.rrqri.
We also use auxiliary verbs in the positiveto emphasise a contlast.
doriN:r ir, r/ri.flir;.r ijIiiI.{iori.itirnr
Adniig.eally beforethe auxitiary also adds emphasis.
I rc.ilv do ;rroio.l. l.r'llr!t /irif r)!,i..1.
4 Cleft sentences
The usualword orderfor a sentence in EnglGh G subject + verb +
object + (anverbia l phlase) . 1 i ; r . -Jo,r rprr . i l lNni . i l l i , i ) , i , i i . i r i r
However, if we want to emphasisethatwe like hG sense of
humour (rnorethan anlthing else about him), we can use a cLeft
sertencethat begins wjth a whar clause andtheverb be.
ll tr r J ti,!e nturr arbo,iijo') is r:.r , r.I t. .,'ltrr., r.
Similarty, if we want to emphasise a pafticutar person (morethan
anyone els€J, we use a cteft sentence withir+re + n o.
l.iir N1N rtriidr.i 1'lcj:,r/lrr, ri!rit 5nltsrr wfoJr.rJr nrst ofirii
Ita pronoun is used, the object pronoun is more usualthan the
subject pronoun, rhough some consider thG incorrect
r i i rJ , i , ! | r . i . ' r , rd ' , .
5 Emphatic questions
nfomaLly, we can usethe phrase o, ea.t,? aftera wr- question
word to emphasise su rp.is€, annoyance, or the fact that we do not
know the answerto a questioi.
j , f i r ' r . ovp 1, f . / r rd i l l i ! rDdcdn!ar l l r r r i ! , r r r ! br . t r r l
I
l
PRACTICE 2
2 CompLetethe conversation, addingemphasis to B's replies.
Choose the corect word5.
1 That ry programme was absolutely / conplete Iy / so funny.
2 Believe -rle, | rea(y / did | ,ave try to phone you.
3 That / What / Which I liked about rhe film was the acting
4 He|ft|What smy sanwhobthe expert on computers.
5 What at I in / on eadh do you mean by asking me that?
6 lI was so I su.h / very an uncomfortabLe joumey that we
couldnt steep at atl.
7 Your new girlfriend k .ornpletely I really I absolutely nice.
I lt s lat / tu / su.h r,]'orc difficult than yo! think to gei a
good job these days.
9 That new exhibition is yery | such / absolutely )nctedi6le.
10 Ldolsoltarbelieveyou. You don't haveto rcpeatyouuetl
B:
B:
B:
f.4e too. What Like _ is living outdoors.
Yes, it's _too expensive for us.
Why did you buythat painting?
Yo!te not interested in what l'm saying.
l_ want to know aboui your day, blt Ine€d io wo*.
lhate waiting for buses.
6 A: Jorge threw a rock.t Pedro roday
B: What
i€rnrn, aqr u!&1no^ry8lu s^PA qrtqm z
qr|3ul ur]lPl PUe s.leusseP ql/t\ dn F.u
qstl3ul ulsauet r.rduor ^Pld
atdo.d Suqeods qstlSul qrM spu.lJ sreul
suole$ olper qslFuj ol uolsll
{urp.$ara l
are noflPql Fafqns e €sooqr) soulz€3eur qsftur peEr
qq8ul u!stuos ol u31s!l
(sraP€a! ulnBu.d
€a'p.pprtrolroJteut8looqrut qsll3ut utqooq pPar
{s.tuqns }noq1$jo qlM) qsLlSut ulsult} qreM .
a$^au ro {lguolserro
'^[u.nb.r] op nor( op qnqr 'uoorsspP aql oplslno
qslfut qr!^{ a8e3ue ub no,( teqr Mopq tr(EA ir.ll P€al I
rc.>e q
lPas,(t! ro rno 143 e
'rnot^eq3q sLqlro, 
PuPrs 1,uoa t'ralno.q PUP uMoP rls t
ursa^.!raq q
]o urro, rroqs aql1 e
'iatq$od se uoos se,ro] sPueF dvsv €
,Ceuo|l:tp e u!! puu q
D.dsar no^3uoauos Ise e
'dn 
I loot 
'Surueau .qr Moul l,uop no^ tr z
3n4lou srrPlqa,toF € Plol q
luaun8rP uP r.qe urE8e sPustr] aLrrorq e
-dn epeu r,ue^eq 
ltrls o,^^ !.q ol3ut)tei 1ou u,r L
'ppq u! sqra^ 
leserqd aq1 ro, ?urue€u l)€rrct aqr .sootl) I
iiriivuil
!lHlo
'qolaqlroJ3llElEIFEE-ubFEirpoparo-.qrlo8a,t5
'ouo rset ̂ur u€qr r.lru-lo_sural u! r4t.q- sl qolslql t
'nafriirftud*-sii6iElllqa-!1a^eq ol Paau nol €
ZO)E otIsEaTG-lE ji se Fsrno^ aqu)s.p no^ plno,l z
Co-!'5qFF?FdqMrr--ad .qr or )ler s,F t L
ir.q uoqe
luo,anqt! {.lqddo 3FA nor
'rLqrl^
!uora Surqrou/turtlto@os 5,aFqL
t.u,(q1L]3uNs,1eql
'rq8, nor $das rPql
'Mou rq8u 'aFq lq?N
punoi ̂eaBuo .qr s,ll
. tlr oqP qootll
)rp! rq8u .q ,l
'BuorM auol s,8uqr&.^l
BuioBro alPplpuPrqof qtqsl| poo8
pred rarloq suorrerDl€nb 1q3f
aoqeqr uoi, spro/!\ qr!/$ s.suqd p.ultispun .qr .)Etdar t,NOJ, ONV.lft'rU Hrlrl SISVXHd
_ oqr r,lse^ :g znololoBue4s)oolsrqlsooc:v 9
_ 8uiL]rou t,i$qt r,usl]t 'oN r€ ua)orq s,rt :v 5
" aq ,t iroMr,uoc :€ 2BuloB no,( arE raqt :v t
'_ r,;u!'lt^l. l uted e qrns s,lt 'qo :€
'lasdn no^ are ̂ql :v €
_ltp s,leql :g reuu tp rot ezzld iq8noq | :v z
'.iri,r, ri' _'sa^ras 1eql i€
'.srorj lPqluo fauour 
lo lol ersoll :v L
'6!0rrl ro rq6! Ltra asei{d e BuEn ̂tdar aqr.letduo) €
'uoF$r33Plo u31s Pse I ater raql
€op tutu€ uE q!a- 
-ra .N 
5
'uaql3^alqre or prP'l 
)roM u3q1plP
- - or st 
lnlssarrns aq 01 ̂eM 193q aql
'-1e B e-olMoq saoul3t1s
'Suqlel sdoF auo^r. a'uoor 3q1uls.uro,srls uaq/'A
'pnoi.q pue - -rno^ - 
t!1s
uer nol lln€j rno.{ t,usea rt mq qof rno.( 15ot no^ Motr)i l
J{op ulP. or tu pue
^ a] E 'uorlet$sard rno^ rrels no^ olra€
tutrq8ltq3rq
S:IION 'NDVI
s/r\ll^xlrNl sol
qeo8
aruerlua parlrou sqparq daop
ur. atFq no^ teqa Dt dn puers or
(PMoD .ql uo4J mo puErs or
P.Pl uel rcj PU€rs 01
.uoauos qtnorqr 3.s o1
rno ssed o1
!n BuqFUos.leu 01
auoauos or dn loot 01
s€tl^ lvswHd
3ruulu.ueqeuor
qll! pE.q hof ploq or
Frrou13Sol
0tarno{ot uoEu.}e poue o}
dvsv
su^uoDe
qBrq pEaq €
a)el tas ra8 rno,( ptoi{ atEur uE stPur Y
laasue €ntssod auo ulqr 3lolu .q ,(pu aj€'.tr '€ tlor} unou
puevuorlqli^e qr!^ aot.q sa)uaru€s aqr .r.Fuol z
(z) uoorsseP aql ap;slno qs11tu]
O]'IION DNIIL]9
Reporting people's exact words
l Change oftense
When we report what someone said, the ve|b foms generally
move one tense intoth€ past,
/lfinn/c tlriii llrri I drrr.lotr0;: ti!ht \ljeitd.'lwill.at1ln.tc
5r-" J.id . hdJi.nd./ r/'a, L /irir/i{i rv doing was rirrt, ird lnat
..P :*l',llpll ry",t Pa' impre ( dd) ,
Present continuous (/ rn doing ) : P ast contiauous (t w8 doind :,....:::::i.::::.:::::.:::.::.1::.:.:::.::::1.i...::::.:.--t:::.::.-,,,:.I:..::,: -::4, !
?ese.r perfect l/hrvedore) Pa$ perfect f/haddom) :
Past s mple f/did) , Pasr pedect frrr,addo,e)
Past co.t'lLoJs l/wasdolrg) Past pedect co.tinuous ,
i . ........................... .. : (!h .d.!.":.!.d:!!9... ............ )
i...13:l.eif-i.t-(1ridd9t"l . :. ll:h"8"e9::jl!: ...... .... ..... .:
. Pasr pe{ecl .on -inuous , ro chanee posslble
( t had been doins) 
: . . . . .' will , wautd
. isgoingta . ' vasooirgrc
, musl had ta
The Past continuous fiequently does notchangein reported speech.
The v€rb ark is most commonly us€d to report questions, but
wondet and want to know ate sometim€s used, too. Question
words are used as conjunctionsto iniroduce reported questions.
ilr.rr.1|.c ii/Led (1,-,r.1 'rrlrrc ri: /ridbe.rn.
il,q sBn&dro iror4 r./,it' tinte ti iat!;raied h.nt!
With yeilro questions t or whet e/ are used.
,r r ^4 rdricd if v/!{Jfter )n | \tart.!l .t c.t ( n\1Nn p :tn4il
REMEMBER!
say does not take a direct object, but fell atways does.
i i . ra i r r i? i l / l : l l l . ' , ! r ! ib . ! i r i i r . . ( r . , i i .
NOT/ i . i€s f r . /L t i l J , r . d !e re r r r i r r . t - " . t / ! . i i .
tt.: tnld)ne ltl at)tc ttn( irt!".r!d,r Ni!. ! i:i..i,.
In both cases,that can be omitted.
4 Otherchanges in reported speech
. When w€ report what someone said, we need to show any
chang€s inthesituation (e.9. a change in speakertime or place)
Diredspeech: / r1/i.rlp ydo rl.af lir.r,:arlaiel., t..rar.
Reported speech the next day:
' ' ' l y D , ) r . l ! t , ' n F . y r r \ d a . /
. Here are some typ'cal changes of time phGs€s in repo.ted
speech. Noticethatth€y do not happen automatically it
depends on the situation.
'...:::. .... ... ...
REMEMBER!
. The change oftense often happens because whar the pe6on sald
rij riir./rrrrrJn ir., tr?rld i,rd !t r,l,o.,ir/.,lrr i.r! irf'tJ!rf.Jr,'!1.
' f what the pe6or says is stitl truereteva.t now we often don't
change tenses. l li te i.rel?/rru D.fr..l.
ir,rt;.irjn,.1lb.iir.. (= the rieeting is stitl in the future)
' t is po$ible to change tenses in such cases, but it is often done ln
moe formal conte*ls.
'irrn;,/!a!rr"a,rarrtr J frJLl..pl'ttnrity ixe nt.ri.t 3at'i
he , tiri:t.t r :.ii th.! L.i 4.t | .dtc.wt Na3 a hr,i.t i. .t,r.:tt rrii'i
(probably in a fewspaperoron the news)
. lf the reponingved is ir the prcsentt€nse,there is no change.
I.ltnr)sityttrnn itthr ilu ".] t.httlii
2 Reported qu€stions
Because reported questions are iot €aL questions, the word order
is the same as in statements.
Wi{lytr tiriiBta ii(tiL iirts t:r.c! ilaj,arrrtnit ):i€'J
rre i'rr'n;t; rt ;J(.r/ il rD rjy lvorl<l :.tt i nt nt fi,lht tt . ..!..
3 Some common reportingverbs and the constructions
used after them
. say: /l(:Jfnr lt,ir, /".,r e i.iriig ,s r,!r t.t)
. t€t[ rlfi././rre irnd) nii f/.j.rt1],irn r,rrcf/Jil
. . . . " - 1 . . 1 . . . . . J
. reply: tlrc /ql]lr,trl rlrr rr, r t.n a. t.t .tir .i n titrirl(l
, add.:hr atit'lln1at ifr. tu^ii.{ti il,ilil14 !r/r/r.r.rri.
that day/I ast ruesday, et .
the day befare/the previous day
the ne\t day/the fouowing day
the year beforclthe prcvious yeal
the nonth beforelthe foUawing nonth
I an haurbefatelan houtearter
. However we often omit the time reference if it is not important.
ly..tr airh!! tr x:la4th,. t,'l).. itrktvcrir!
'I 
l tc .nn. ) 1..t :^ii ihzt r:htt \|.rc '.n I'rk) h r:p.n lltu NertieL
PRACTICE 1I
1 Corect the underlined mistakes.
I The journaList lqkl the prime minister !tL!sk!e!! anything
2 rhe ministersaldjournalists tas! year he !sil! resign if his
poticy i5 notsuccessful, but he is stitlin his job.
3 Ihe manager tqkl that his team had done then best ye$r4by
but jl the other side had simpty ptayed better.
4 Journalists 4kEl the ministerwhen willhe make his decision.
5 rhe president said he j5 speaking to other leadeu tater!h!!
day to discuss how they wtill react.
l
(^uap) aroJ.q i?€rreu rno ! suorqord ou peq 3/14 I
(asnl., uorrp8[sa^ur eql uoqp )]e1r,!oa.r 9
(urpr' )rtqr uoqe 6turej rfo{ Ial u.^. 1, uFnu no^ I
(asturord) flLtFnororf isou] ].epur aq1 !1e3r$.^ur L./r t
(isrSotode] )..Mraqlo.qr^eae F):r1 aqraorttl | ^rros uit €
(1s.ffins) zo.pt^ p qr1eM pue ui rttru Frnb e a^eq aM leqs z
: i,ri i! iit i, ir l
(pu!ua, a^ol'..€td alpt e utF)rt1aq1$d olrequaurat L
'slqrerq u! sqr.^ Bu Eodar .ql BuFn u€qr €l!r^\au PtPs
a^eq xqtrur r9o$ .q1 ! | sr.rrueq, eqlsalonb auos €r€.raH
,IIaq atull e olu sa4l Jno piulnl
srad?dsdau aqt p € lotaur€C 'uaqt uaaaqog ndd?q slll]b
aG6 a4 ipau€dd?q sql aropa. :aiilsaJq ;r.l?.uo]Il]1u 
"
Jo sadoq r3'{1 (asr?rFlpau aqt -0. $uletq x">l
'parro 
tp odnoJ all't talq sJta-{ oiql, 'aurEj prolq?l 
Jo
ils€l J3uq € ldarra 3ttllt 1o3 slloJ ar0 'pua aql uI
'$snuord 3s]"J,{ue
(i)lEtu) d panFp la^aaoq'sprrsJo para$ns per{
Iaql ssa.qs Flmu ar{} ra^o iu?ftuor al]l (ans) -*
p3uar1rai1p ua\a -{.qJ ,.mrrol, qSnorql uaql SugFd pm
sadoq l13ql Susl"l xq lsa^rr.'raU$mJ/11oi3Mc) 
-rL
pasnit€ qll8ue eldno? .qJ s3ll'r laql (.rlrolloJ ox a^?q
,{aqt) ,L pslstsul 1nq 'tuar4uodd"slp r{rnlu os
erdnoJ a'! (asruJ) -,r pesfolodE 
l?tJl.]]o lopu€l)
3 ruo.q"luo4uoc ,fi3u8 uR uI 
r1J cu-t {€p uci (ft3ddu
Fldnor arll) -iL palurr sstu€duioJ 
r1J l!le^3s
r|{3!4ra1u] ?r6npxa L'? roJ urnlar u Flor{ r€ls-.^u ! ur
dn s$ql aql (]nd) -,, paraJJo prorqet € ral"rpauur!
. p'ni rp
r'!]i?n apr.dsap ? ',!'ep llau aqJ t?U -{up 4aq1 (3r?3I
Au+r) 
-rr p.ropro nlx rsnomd (lno.{€E -or
SuFluar alaA roFur"C s,{ep 08 qn{ru pa[odar 3q
rsnu sra{Ji] rsol l"rtl p3le}s qrnj.d s.Itu aw ($arq
t{eq}s1loJ) 6 xal]] l€qt uoi0 llarl ot Furnlsl eq
'raFl qaaa xis Buu3dd?LL se{ ]€qa Foq? sDd€ds43u
1,\€ (uror,r,nou/ardno? aw) -s pauea pu? isnor{
rsqt ol suer ro1€311s3^ur ,{r3!1ot € ,{?p llau 3qJ
'roq}Ir! palelus;.\ln aq
pno,! 1r 1"r{} pu€ iaumuiS seA urt€I. riaw xqnop ou (a^€u
/aqys]loJ, aqr) -1flal 01{]?q 
8u?r uoos pup 'D]l€u
aq1 (31?3tsa^ur.) ! piar8€ sl'DsJo parcdd€'l pflI
r€qa rEld:a pue lopuDc 's€srLE8ro &a!ot 3q1 qla
(qrnor La la8/prrEqsnu J3q) -! pap?n .d I?x
]3IIr€a s{3a^! p€^as {ee? sra{ct] .r{1 (aoq})
-, p.tTurp? 
uaql Ju4s luaa u-{!"lt.i aqumu mo
sr,laqJ iuo.r aiLa/A, paueal's pw dn padunfiql
I' 68 r?, Zr €-j ar!6 s€qunu 3qJ dn tr€au sEA
uq?p ot rplq,!\ ui poll.d qruou-F,s .qt .snEJaq il\rlnb
rdJdc rdr.dqprq ldq, GLor " L, ( u N) - {Jq.I
'1?rt1 rauu$ aq! paur?N pr.'? 
96t'n8t'i3 Jo azud ,fi311ol
puorl?N 
" 
ump C)l trEJ) z puettus tsea qlou Io
?arE 4ar]11n auoauros 1",r{1 pi?s u1aIIIrq s{3u ^J.rlJ,
.lup?q,{aqt rlsd lsnu ?i3ql
aoN lsrg s4.u aqt (q]1?d) -, paFatnrs uxli"t 
l
pueqsnq €q lnq 'o3pr € qrl?r ot pallrBe lsnt aqs
'8wa^a auo 
rya\ uo{ palu rauolt to8 lloJ .{qI uartr\\
.. irr irir, rr ,.. , r: !,i., .
. ,, irri. I l| , .l
'Pasn.q osle uPr s3 1urt! 
PUe sPu .3 3^DP3aN
iu3aw:Wtt
Blpour oqt,tq a o lp 01 ua^Fc
'sqr. .qllo urro, lr.xor .q1 tuFn tuo$.'{r.ratduo) L
I
lue^'putaal raPta rye ttai este)
i:i,l rr, , r i, r, t:rtl u/
e^!l!u!ru!+ pafqo + qra^ I
luateang esladd tallo pueuap'appap 'aat6e :one)
, " r 'L! Lrrlrr.rlri:l :at 
Jal
a^lltutJu!+ qr€A 9
luo auaauot aPnpJbuo. tol auoauos aaetq :are)
punre8 + uolltsod€rd + palqo + qra^ 5
lai traho uo)slsu! hJ as!6otode .asp)
li r'.,,, r. ir r,\r:,i f iljr:il:iLlrnr ..,, ri ::, :ssalror
Purua8 + uo[lsod€.rd + qro^ t
l7u.wwoeJ tsa66ns [uaP :osP)
\, r1r I I r)Lri\li:)rr,rfirrf) Lr:) ).::.'..vupe
PunraB + qrs^ €
lapen e ad a ntte' uJ e^ :o+)
lL, r rrr,r,. irr'rrl lurr:1nt rl \:ter
(lP{r) + l)efqo + qra^ z
Q'a66n' Ies' puauaa$!' istsu!' ulelduo atep aarbe :aqe)
,f : rrrr,f r Irl.\lr:|ri(lrrrri.ir:r:rledx.
lP$ + qra^ !
'1ue]]odur lsour .ql 
Jo .uos are .r. H alqlssod sl ur41€d .uo ueql
.roLU 'rqra^ auros qltl ^lar€red.s Poureat eq ol a^Pq puP ̂re^
sqra^ ar.qlMolloJ 1erjlsuralPd aql Proaao^aSuFod.r lnoqla
^es.tdoad lpqM aslpurns reqlsqr.^to Fqunu aSrete.re araql
{es aldoad teqr* esg.reuruns +eql sqra1
I r, rt:|rr:' ii:,,.,:,r i:,rir!rrril:rirrirr L i,r\ irtr!!,r\
ir,r. l, if r!.j \.i,,,Ir,ir,rL:,I ir.)|r:.ii
'ppepuerye el AetBulsn plesuosr.d q)eareqM!od.! q
'ltnetlu rou srssau slql BuruStsar 
Jo toruarulou.^eq I I
zu8sar 018u o; nofarv 9
'ao€fauoF stoueu FH'pltqr pr r11rno p.ldopE$nfa^Eq a,\ s
erarsturu 
'Iauour Su|ssrur aqr lnoq€ Mou) no^ plc t
zsnro uoql firuno) artt uni 01lsnl1 no{op oqM's)tol €
'a^3|aq ol preq alrnb reql
Pu$ I a^.lt.q olPreq alrnDreqr Putt lllasrapPar rnolo lsoN z
'plloslror s a8erreurno
'p.ro^rptu .3.re aa teqr snounr aql ol qln4ou sraraq.L !
lue!r!1!lod e ro ̂r!q.l.r
e 'Flteurnol p :ao|€q saiualuss aql plps 
lurqr nor( op oqf pz z t)tr)vudto control what p€opt€ think
whydon tyou go and talk to her?
lcant ,We're not on _ terms,
She said thatyou we.e having some problems.
She doesn't know what she s -
to por.ray (men/wonen, etc.)
in a negauve/positive way
B:
B:
6 A: lr€aily hate partieswhe.e ldon't knowanyone.
B: l .4e too. lhate makingsmat l - .
3 Matchtheverbs in the box for lummarising what p€opte
say to Phrases 1-€.
VERBS THAT SUMMARISE WHAT PEOPLI SAY
1 you tell a fri€nd that they shoutd try a good new restaurant
2 you say ihai your classmate broke the computer, not you
I yoL tellsomeone to be care_ur be(ause -he food s sP'cy
4 you teltyour teach€r that you didn't do your homework
5 you s6y sorry for something that you did
6 you saythatsomeone is rightand you thinkthe same
7 you tell your friend you will hetp them move house
8 you saythatyou didn't break your friend's pen
admit warn deny recommend
agree apologise offer accuse
Eff ective revision techniques
1 How do you .evise for an Engtish exam?.Makea list of
2 Look atthelist of revision techniques betow.Tickthe
ones you find effective. Cross the ones you don't think
. Read ihe grammar summaries and wod lisis in the
Study & Practice sections.
. Study in short peiods ofabout 20 30minutes.Most
people cantconceni€te for much longerthan lhat.
actions speak louderthan words
to know what you aretalkinS
to speak hiShly of someone
to undemine Parental authority
IPRACTICE
1 What connects the words in each gfoup below?Whatare
the differe.ces between the words?
1 drama se es soap opera talentshow
; r , r 1 , , : r r i r i i l r . i i r I r , i r N r . , i
2 brcadsheet tabloid
3 circuLation readeBhip
a microbtogging socialmedia
s a foreign cotrespondent an editor
2 CompLete the conversations.
1 A: I'm Soingto ctean aLlthewindows this weekend.
B: Adions _than words.
2 A: I really like her. she's very smart.
Carryyour vocabulary book with you and check it
regularly (e.9. when travellins on a but.
Record youBeti reading out words or grammar
examples frcm the book.
Studywith a friend andtesi each other.
Look at similarexam papers from lhe past and try io
complete them in the altowedtime.
K€ep yourself engagedwiih new technlques whiLe-
Forexample, switch from studyingthe grammar
summaries to rccordingyouu€lf saying n€w words.
l'4ake a revision plansothatyou knowwhatyou are
Revise d lrflle and often ra'.errhar lor LorS session!.
Asyour€xam comes nearer, stoptryingto leam new
things and focus on consolidating the ihingsyou have
.
tr
o
n
tr
I
n
!
tr
n
B: She
3 A. ldon'iwantto offend anyone, so lshould keep quiet
8: No- eo on. volr mind.
. Don'i always study inthesame place. Research shows
that studyingin a varietyofplaces is morc effective.
Which technique5 do you intendto use in the future?
.
'rtztul! ryo r,uplp I uotntuo^ / ryoa l,usaop wa L \s!M I ol
'aurlr.ql 
Ie oplqno 6uIrP3 araM
l P.Ppol / a1e a^'frtrn6r.noq eur Pe^ll3aI 6
z.Ptstulunor aql ul
.\aTrue(PIno lN^nnolh / pa?uea fPoqfj3^a Jlleqn I
'rEds .^eat l,uplp | 6u! eatLuah / 5u! P.l],ualea$qslM| 1
-^):rN'paq ol rut{ 
/ 6ulo5arel 06 no^.urrl s,ll 9
iau qlM er.uer Xu anev / r ettPFoM lpeq16uoI s
'Ptsrn! !L)req si / agP,noA / seraqs $qsla eu.ll )ur'lr t
no(elaa/ aq\no^ |ue t I hl\ e)
tua^ uroJ aqlro uouoq aqrlerutrd leussqr pear p,t €
'noi.e$e!se adttue / edhptnot I adtftPFo ttlst(t Z
'tEqeW lel
aql or oB rt.rtuuaP P, 2!P\ or Naa I o5 nla / oE nno | ll I
'sr€t\suP rrexot €ql3sooql €
')ror\ rol dn no^133olto auo8
lsnfseq )rot) urete rnof pue O€ 91€ 3!ruroa ̂ep!oN s,ll I
'lu.urluroode luel.roour ue
roj a1q aq ol Sulot.re no,{ pue uef rrlJe4 e ul)rnrs arP no^ t
'ur€r 01r]lEls 1r 
Pue lrtqs 1e pue:-!orls ur 3Plqno are nol E
Jro Suto8 slurrPlE rPr s,rnoqqBlouino^
asneraq d.aF 1,uetr no.( pueSutujou a!1uL)t)olr,o o^! s,ll z
iirrl,il.r:rn rr rr .li rr,ni
'eqreP€aq 
PPq e 3^eq no,(pue,(!ed ̂srou e rP.re nol I
'suorren1F asaqr u! rol qsla u8!u no^ stulqr oMl to lulq.L z
ldn ^rnq) aotqsla I I
zfauour azrd.qr qrn (oP no{)-
reqa uotllladuor aq1(u$) 
-no,( asoddns 
I
't!e lp.uroM
dort PUPrsraP!n o- uottr Le (.lPur)- no/.un!r 9
1,!$ t1nq'no,(rol stqlslPFue4 (uetr)- llslML s
^Ieer s,1t-.L!11aq1 e.u (ldnrF1utpu)- nof qt$ | €
llnpe ue qf ?utpe (rtels)-xolv sunsill z
'allqrolou
Maue({nq urr)-t .sD,(ed e (la8)-t}1.u13€t!l t
u! sqra^ aqr p !!ro, 1r.!o) .Llr qrla s€ruau.s .qr .l€ldluof, L
; if ifi r,i.!ri:r:l trrii,JrrNrrl.. rLrtlillf!dl;1.1.,;.!rrn)isri
'aaI 
ttl aserqd aqlrar:{e Pasn osle sr1sed lesrun 3q1 .
..r \j,lr:1i: irtir}r'r+l rr:r1 loN
'i)!irr! rrr) 1i-i i" url
sasnPp oa1iq1]o palqns.ql uaqM plnoa + t/t/a asn rouuer./r .
(slql33ueqr u$ no{ =)
(slqisSueqr louuer no^ =)
iririf r !r;;\ r/irJ:i^rl
'aldr!tslspd aqr.rn 1snu eM sSueqrlo ^urqrssod ou s!ar.qrll
(^ oF^r3 ;ulaq a.re no{=)
l'rriIilr)),,f{trrr
'arue^ouue ss.rdx. ol 
P€sn ua!-o st (1,u)PpaMnaf+ qqa t
r!rjI !:r !r iirr.lra oftr\r rj.I,1rn qrl' I
(uoddEq n$ ^aq1)utql 1,uop'ro{lnq) uaddeq 013)!l plnoM
nof reqls8utql olraJ.r 01 0,4)Plnorl + qslt asn orle uPr a/'A .
(auo a^€q 1,uop a^^1nq =)
ri I rr:ir i irrlr rrfr(ii;' r lriili
(o1 '|l p,l 1nq 'qslu€ds 
)e.ds1,uPr l=)
iii r.lli il!:iiirrirto)/ !r rI
suorlenrF {reulBeurr.q!)$p qloq
^.q1.sneraq qrla/ pue,,l?uolr.tle 1sed tesrun aqr asn osle a/t .
fruol pue qsr,u qlt^ suo[enlls r0pu!8eurl z
'lr.,i F,! r ilr ir.r/.r ;ii !1rr,i
'ara.4 /,.serqd.qr ql$ uotlruro. llls sl rl l3^a/ioH
Pauotrlsefpp PUe leurol ool slqlraplsuor eioo3o auros
.l.r1t!,1i trrr rl rr| nriL ar!^ri.:ilr.l ll
'uon3d prtql puE lsru aq1 'llra r//aqslaq
rtlLM '.4 asn uer a^ 'lsed 
i€arun aql qll^\ sasPrqd ulerrar ul
:r r,,) rir-!Fi,rltor i
'sqra^ 
lepoLr.r ral1o ro Pl,oM asn u.l}o.Masnep
ureu 3q1ut 3^oqe se sarualuas lEuoqrPuor uL,rrralE P.sn ualo
srlsed lFrun oql 
"Fed 
lear!n, sLll Paller $uD.uros sl slql
::i,ji!o iri;ft.rir d1d(trri+r r.r5u n r, ll - L Jtr r:11irl!r J r1
,i,r.r, ir,i.rt l rir.l1,r| tlrit t'r:r)tr^trr.-i,rr11lr
'lsed aqr orut 3sLral auo 
)req oB 3a 'arn$y ssord
aql ! | s!o9pn1ts trleutSeul .]o te.llaqlodlq rnoqe3uflPr @q,r
/l qr!,,r'\ suoltPn]ls letlrsqrod{H r
'rosdn os (aq lou)
a:rryrood I Xuunr (aq)- tutqr qoqM aql t
'Sulfou!e
I t ll|lf,vud
luassrd aql u! suollenlls lerlleqlodrh
Hypothetical situations in the past
. when w€ talk hypothetjcatly about the past with /, y'ort and
/ w5h, the Past simple becomes the Past perfect.
IJarl! / t ||ish thad thought abatt i n1at..arefulltl
(= but ld idn ' t )
tfto!'d lold tne rb.utthe ptoblen eailiet, twautd have.tan€
sancthntg .haut ir (= butyou didn't tell me about it)
. In conditionalsentenc€s, if the main clause abo refeutothe
past, lvorld have + past participle is used.
lf .u.b-"n pla!-4 hadn tgotinjtE.l u,e would have war
4 l €te fartoo much lunch 6nd l feel realtysick.
5 | failed my exams because I didn't do any work.
6 | went country dancing and broke my legl
Match sentence beginnings 1-10 with sentence endings a-j.
2 Wewouldn't be late
3 lgorwould have been embaiiassed if
4 You could have finished your dissertation by now
5 Lf Peter had wo*ed hardec
6 Lfyou d come to the play,
7 lfyou d asked Clara,
8 lf you hadn't been weariig a seat belt,
9 lf Kevin had spent more time plactising,
10 5teve might have got prcmoted
a ifyou weren t so Lazyl
b if sue hadn t taken so much time getting rcady.
REMEMBER!
As with present hypothetical siruatla$, night have and coutd have
are often used instead ofworldrave.
ti h. hatln t beeh iijltel v tnight/.ould have r.i.
. Notice that in th€ sentences above, both the rtctause and
the main clause ref€r to the past. lt is also possibte to have a
sentenc€ where the y'clause refe6 to the past and the main
]f weli set off eat li€r lpast), r/e dbe,t t/re loiel iDr (preseni)
Altenativety, th€y'claus€ may refertothe present, andth€
main clalse to the past.
I Dan s fat:tre. wasn t ttle bars (present), he 'vou/d,'t ,ave got
he could have caught the train.
he'd heard you say that.
if he were more tatented.
you might have enjoyed yourseLf.
he could be in a much betterjob now
you woutdhave hurt yourself.
l'm sure sh€ would have hetpedyou.
he colrld have becom€ a professional pianist.
d
f
t
i
j
4 choose the correct answers.
PRACTICE 2I
l Complete th€ sentence5 with the corect fom of the verbs in
1 lfyou (ietl)meyou wanted one, | - (buylyou
z | (brjndyou a present back frcm my holidays if I
(have)some money Left.
3 We (get)to the restaurant before it closed, if I
(not follow) to your directions.
4 lf he _(notfail)alL his exams, he - (have) a job
s He - {never do)anythingso stupid, if his friends
_ (not encourage) him.
6 lf I - (know) you we€ coming | (wait)foryou.
7 lf I _ (take)a photo ofwhat happened, perhapsyou
- (bel ieve)me?
8 lfyou - (listen)to what ltoldyou, you (noibe)
in thls situation nowl
2 Think of two wishes that the speakers betow might make. Use
/ wisrltorly to start the lentences.
1 l've lost my job and I can't afford to pay the rent.
t \x ish thadn i 1al r tnr j .b .
lfDnly lha.tpnough ntoneyt. paythe rcnt
2 f,1y famiLy hav€ moved toihe country and lcanl drive, so I'm
3 l've lost my phone and I haven't wlitten rny friends' numbers
I wish we d bought / would l,ave 6or9lrt betier tickets. I
can t see very welt from here.
How woutd you have felt if soneone hadtreated I would
tl I had known I known you were coming I woutd have rnet
ll only I wouldn't have lost | ,adrot lort my iemperl
ll you stay I had stayed till the end of the film, you might
ll cattiona done I had done hetter in the interview she
coutd have got th€job.
\Ne would have been I wouldbe there by now if we hadi't
got stuck in the t6ffic.
our tast hotiday would re / wo uld have been gteat if the
weather had been better.
lf I had seen you walking along the toad I night have given /
Now HenrywGhes he w€rr / radgore to universjty.
4
5
1 0
N\.\N
'rs!t proa.ql u! sr.Msue .rno,( lraq) q
aruaruas ^8iaua a,rll ra^\od
quoq fruEpadxe ure.$o arnssard ralpd
prpn8 srrtstts uoldru€ t€nl teluaqr sset8
'q.a/\^ ,\ a, lx.u lqr u! u€ql €slrterd
pue'8utp!.r lno{a ordu!ol op sp) nolieqr sButql
oar ssooq) 2op no{t.uop/op tsl.qr u!€utql qrtq/r\
'€ xoq u!PloMe pue vxoq ulProa
e Sulsn sunou punoduor urol ui'{l rs!] P.roM.qr F^o:) PL
rtxol rtue)lo
urar-8uol arP^ld tslu
xq 8u!,qtu8eu,
ssoJ llss l3ad purM
aln €Ir re€Pn! rPlos
tr
tr
!
!
'rxa1aql 
Paqsluu 3^eq no^l6{P pear
a^€q noffq/{jogurod uleu e$€sueuuns pue
'u.1 .pq^ aq' 
to SurPu€FraPUn ]PFU.8 e 133 or ̂r1
'ual oqr SutpueFaPun olluP]lodu!^'3^ oq oi
uraasrcrnror l|q' ssalun'sproa uaoqun arouSl
',!alalduor
puPrsFpun r.uplp no,( saserqd SurPeelor daa)i pue
^ oull,uop no,( proM P puu no^ iu$ /t'a€ dols
'P.qslu! a 
,no^
ltlun anulluor pue rX31 P pPar o13u1q e ll€srno^ Fs
'pp3r nof se 
llasrno^olsproa aql^Ps
Surpearare no,(sepeaqrno{utproMq)e..retsuPrl
tButqrlue 
- srap$r p.pert 'sr.dedhau
$itsq.M - qstSul utuer no,( sE qrnu sP Pe.!
1f rt)vudI
U
!
n
ltHLo
'uMop 1! Mols 
llla reql $tro
.qr rno ssorl {rualrlrFlpaads 3uP€3r rnor(.^odt!l
IIA)utqr noI lPqt aol.q 5e3P!oql)p[ arnulu e sPo^{
ooz-o5L rnoqps! pe.dsBulpear pooS v'{tlu.PHa Pear
ot ruerrodu! s,r! 'qslttul ut 
)roa ro {pnrs or 1uea nort t !
.J[.re^!rd ]no^
.lI le.r ul
InrlIP.r l.leu 01
.sP.sP 3u|u.rParql-al|l e
loirel.{ e
PreiS.l[ e
(rF'uoDquEbtous) suoPltl e
Du€ru.s.lI e
.tll3]ll
&uet .drc 4t
aulr.t! elo.rueqr rql
url Hrlll\ slsvlHd
]DNVHI ONV StSSllOld lSll)SlO OrSSll 
la)pelajl e prenBs]!le I
orarnqllor o1 Pquor o1 t
rrattsr o1 dund 01 €
ry)tua|])rlxol {&suaiPtos
FAod put/rt FnllFsol Z
uorldnra rtue)lo^ e quroq real)nu e
qenbqrrea ue .l!lsprorarse ue L
'sr€asue rno^ rol suosP€r
dnor; qrp. u!rno 5uo ppo aql oultr€pun Z
$qSSu tru8eue
sFnllLssoi
.lenbqrr@ us
.3ueq, a1Eulll
aqoonaPr s
.)f1sP@a1seu?
slsstfold oNv ])N!Ds
poads Au!peor Jno^ tu!^oJdiul
Use of gerunds and infinitives
1 G e . u n d 5
crammaticaLty, gerunds (the -lng form of the velb)are used ii the
same way as nou'rs/Proiouis.
(See Unlt 2,study 2 for a comparison between ihe use ofgerunds
. Asthesubj€ct orobject ofthe sentence.
Iaa rf;!trh iinhathitl! i\ ba'1f.t ,/outskij
she : vet! qaal atoraanising thinqs
l]?..r.d wirlo,l t,\dkr9.
. Certain velbs are foltowed bythegerund.These include:
a.Jrrir..!.'rJi,rd. .orside/: di.y, enj.)!, h3te, int.9ine, !ikc,
ttstke tbre (da)ii)ni1tt. rtrs, p/a.r^e, rJl nrqg-"rr
. There are aLso some noun phras€s whichtake a gerund, for
exanptet have difficuLE, have trcuble-
t\/t te havinqtrouble rcatukina ne|| \tafj
. There are also a numberof usefulpatiems wiih /r+ gerund.
/tr woifhreeDg th.qartehj n' J!, ret
it sro,rd inltD! ro ie. i/r! doil'r.lange ter.ntrC.
The following nou ns are foltowed by the infinitive with io: cr.rce,
decisian, effo n, a ppo rtu nity, ti ne.
i ie t le5t{ i r inceloy/r t l re !?aDe. . ! t )&eie.or . l rd l t
ile\, €.itnr.d. ar ettori to nr{e rrl'ee1Jl ro,re
Sonething / nowherc, etc. + infinitive
We often useth€ infinitive with fo aft$words ljkenoore, rorhdg,
nowhere, something, sanewhete, what, where, etc.
fhete t.s northere to buy a n.!4p.perrt !/,;ritne d,lght
rr.rl.))/aa !;k. ro@ethinrttoeat betarc yau Qal
We use an infinitive withtoto explain why someone does
something- to €xpress purPose.
/tr,eler i gore ,rl fo ,'uy r ,.wJpaper
ln more formalEnglish, we can use in otdet to.
Ir\e5 h.!. bee, nrreasedir o/der fu red!.! irflitiof
REMEMBERI
W€ iorm the negative i.finitive wlth ,of + ro + v,orb
I told yau not to do that.
REMEMBER:
Notlce ihe negatve form ofthe gerund.
lwantto achieve inmottalibJ thrcugh natdying.
3 Infinitives without to
ifin itives without io are used:
r.an't wair Ior fhe !r..t-{d
\'.ri nusthave beenwalting {ot a lan! tine
. attet had better and wauld GtheL
\{. drertergo /ro e rovl
r'd i" al,er wdtcr.i r(/?o !l;j.t. ro tije cnt.tna
. aftet let, nake aft help.
she ,the krd nfpe&h Nhr reailj" na/<eiyoc li.,g1,
'jthtn lv.i a tee.aqer, hy par-.rtJ,A'er {etDre5f./ortlarc.
i:anyor helptflecatty ihe:tir.nJes to f,. crrl'
(* The infinitive with ro is also possible here.)
2 Infinitiveswith to
Iniinitives are notgenerally used as th€ subject ofsent€nces. They
are most commont used in the foltowing constructions.
C€rtain verbsae fotlowed bythe infinitive with to. The most
impottant in llde: affont, aqrce, decide, expect, hope, manage,
offeL plan, pretend, pronise, rcfuse, seem, tentl, thrcaten, want.
u . t t ) t r t , d , . . a n , e , t . d a d : " .
5l1e refrss,tf ,, arswef ary guerrDNr jboLil l-!r erqa.le4ert.
lvlany adjectives are followed by an infinltive with fo.
/r! earvtss.e !r!'r/,. sr)€-"r jo J!r.ei3|!1.
ri. u/al r're f,rsftos,iqqesra new apptat.h.
Thrce common construcljions with adjective + infinitivewiih fo
. toa + adje.live + infinitive
t r ro " , rc" icr , .edlarPi t rL J "
. ,of + adjective + eroug, + infinitive
trlnfi. isr'f oki $rzr9l to cro orr on /rs o!,
. adjective +/or + pe6on + infinitive
i r'seijr/torpeop{e r$.:ri't i.,/d mdrctr .re I th. intp.n.l
I
l
PRACTICE 1
Are the verbsand phrases in the box fottowed by the gerund,
the infinitive orthe infinitiv€ wlthout fo?
offer enjoy too lazy practise would rather
have trouble would better refuse old enoueh
suggest miss Let don't mind good at seem
it s wodh agree pretend
. infinitive witho!t ro
'^ppqrrtq u.u {u uo ua^t83q o18u!D.dx. ur,l I
ftpar l,ua^eq I uaqa .' .^eq ol puaFrd I sautlauros I
aou lqB! " aq 01.)t ^Iesr p,l 9
'aou 
u8u !s|;ul tudPnrs ueql _ aq reqrer p,l I
' or lou rnoqq;rau ̂u )tP or Peq aruo I t
raSunof seM uaq^ ' 01,\ or{ paureala^pq o1.)ll P,l E
_ 
PtorSutaq.1eq L z
.. lupM 1snf t Bururour aql utdn qer\ luaq/.. ,
'no{ro} an4 ueqr Dieu ol s.ruaru.s a^!l.ralduol
Zatdoed snouet jo sa^I .le^trd .ql ut a.raretuJ
tou t u.t4u! or rouat ltrt noqt erP3u 3t11 )u!qr no{ oc 9
'uaasagorl aaso*.retd aqls,lt .r.ql o3 soliuq.l.r lo
speot's,orPad ues re PooBf|elnrlred l,usrPoor sqr qBnoqrlv 5
'a\a ua 
Pseeq a^eq or I p3se!,a eq ors :u Lot s,rl
adoq s,ra't aposlda 1sel .ql u aas a^eq 01 / ue.t dulaqrEll P,t t
EruadrP) e sPPerJoAere{ot | 6uDpo agorese$al ou
Mal3ql lo.uo .raag. sqor / 3qor5lqSnoql sl prol uoslreH€
'^etd aql Suunp
sarnprd qet / qetor,lou 5n p3)s€ lueuerunouu€ lql z
iua!] pqse 6ulaq / 5u!1P. dols atdoad uaqa slPrlrron a e{
or / trolr.r ot, aurtl aq1 'la.rls lLlr ut qderSorn€ rr.qr rol parse
aq or / {se ol setuqaFr ro} 8ut,(ouue ^lqPqord s,ll qSnoqlv !
surro}.^!ssPd z
$,,rijr ?fli.?tno,qr /'irFi.r.ir,! nraurt or ld!4 i
'xrfr .f oiro!jor(pi.l i
'ur.roJ.^rleBeu oql utposn aq uer sPuiFS puPse^|llullul
slulo, a^rP8sN !
P!a)Fe'\ trti Sutt ioqt.tj albtttlcld tt,t
16^^suEUn' e.+M Pue suolFanDrqllo uar asooq) q
?le3u deeqr
'poo; e r.B ol ssnoq rno{rFu araqMlue araqr sl tl
;qsli8ul utsaou 3qr puP$FPun or nofiot fsea r sl E!
ZeeB&q 01^aLrour Bul^13 osntar nofoc zL
zqslSut teads orro.ltrMolslqno4.rou 3^eq no/(oC !l
iqsll8ul t6dsolsstrrud no^oP areqM pue uiq/t Ol.
tuSru1e
alq lno,(ers ot uos ploleo,(-gl rno,( lal nof plno,\^ 6
iauoaLuos Sullrlq psuaP qlFNno^6^€H 8
a3utuarc ro Suturour aql ut s)eee arour aq o1 Pual nof oC I
zaou rq8u
r3urslur aq1 Suurns ro A.L qrlPM aq raqFr no^ plno/t
au.rs|rollPllPr r.q no,( arv
eFsrerBut3uEqr ol Plo ool.qr.^3 uPr no^)urqlno.{oO
Ztulop sreq no^op)iro^ asnoq leq/v\
ePlqr 3u'rof e aq orslu nof oc
aPuDt33,\\8ururor tlrl1 oP orSuluueld no^.re req/
'surcl qr.^ D.xor €q1€sooq) L
Z ijri5tud_l
'u$] snonuruo) aql utpasn pu slPunraS.qI
iLr!r.!o.i oer/r i/rFrir! !o 6uj4 oq ,r./1.J p,r
rorrFt 6oF?t[itq o] nri.rraf r!;ri tql
'suoqrn4suor a^luuul
ur rnonur o) ruas.rd aql lo pPartur s.^4luuul snonuFuor asn al
sulroj snonulluof, t
u;r.' I fsiriirnq I r.u/a, r - drqr raasfry Brl i.qo;u /
'p3plo^e u4ro
sr pue teuror ,(ra^ spunos rnq'atqlssod osle sipunr.S D3]rad 3ql
1/itrr.(, rr^4ou,onevraqr,p/tDri i
'or 1noqrla urot a^olulJU!rrafad alli)rloN
artD t)t tpLtltq rda trl ut t9rl / itr,,& Ju.8 pa45.,^ enE{ oF ln r. i
a drrrrr- !r !,/ Jl{o ;alod iJrer\ oi alll ,,r
'ssnep urPur aqllroJ3q.u|le oleal .sneir a^4ruuul
.rlrueqM (aldlltied lspd + r/eq o, .^trtullur psrrsd 3q1asn 3/rA
suro, p.rr.d E
(punre8.^Fsed) .p.l r[r41Plat bor.,i r.]!il !'/5
(o1 lnoqll/,\ a^fluuu! e^ssed) rlrrcu/u rltsqr.!r.!iP-/P.H
(or qla .^rirulrut a^tssed) n,ol. V.l tq oi nrlni Di,'i
'ul]oj a^Lss€d aqr ur pasn aq uer spuruoB pue sa^4rutlul
9
5
E
z
I
'uaqr p.ro) 
Pue salelslur
€ql pull aot.q suolFsnb .ql ut sa)srstlu ua^.te €rE alaqt PE
au (e)n)-Faur tiuofrs^.luPM I zL
aruP.ru. Slq P (.'let)
rapro ut'oietrq €,qred ere (a^rre)-Fqler flnoM I ll
..u (ar|lou)
rldoid.tpullare,trBut.{auros (put,)
{4 t'uorserro lue]lodut ue ro} r|Jlno ue 8u1^nq ur,Lil oL
'8ulFararulsrou Punos
rl3sIu (sleL!) 
- j]3s^u 
rnoqe sa[ I.1 sautFtr]os | 6
'o1)ler olsnouP,
ouo ou s,aFqrajaqM s.!!ed or (o3)-PuPrs1,uer 8
14out
qroM rou are ̂.ql )utql I u .tdo3d siou3t s.u$3uos I I
'.rou iu (alepardde)- u.qr 
{qeur)-Fpro
u,au (..t - (ltp^\)-.tdoad 3)eL! saurFuos 
I e
rarer ft! ur.ur dlaq plnor faqlU;noql!
Jr.uoouos or3)tu (aq)- trojta lePadse aleu PtnoM 5
01^pp.r (F )-rnoq u€ ueqr erou puads.(Ueln;or | ?
'ure L oqM
(r.quaua, 
-uawpadxa 
t.ldoad Mau raalu tusqr €
'au (arouSt -aldoad aqteo 
z
'olqPuolqse,Lun ro deaqr Pqool
teqtllrp.inersro qntr e or (o3)- os'rFr pFoM | !
'^es saDuq.l') req/1
'(oirnoq]lMroqr!v!sr.)rprq u!sq$^aqllouroJ
atlu!,u!ro pun$8€qr qI,' aoFq saru€ru€s.qr er.iduol z
su.ro1 pun.ret pue erlllu!,ul tuoJa#lo
hlvhercareer is in nec[ne
itL-equipped to deaL with ... sptash€d acmss the newspapem
CompLete the sentences with an appropriate word
1 rlyou're a Sood pubhc speakeryou can always
a crowd to Listen to you.
2 The story was across alt the newspapeG.
3 ls Daa€n Davres really a comeba(\? | Lhought
he had rerired for good.
4 | _ my debut on the stage in my school ptay.
5 l wouldn t any deep over it. ltt not a big deal.
5 Hacking into someonet phone is itlegal. Yo! shourd
_ legalaction.
7 Didyou comp€nsation afterthe accident?
8 Asa cetebrity, you constantly haveto_ forphotos.
9 Perhaps you shoJld buy a new iuir loryour interuiew
You have to _the dght imprcssion.
CONFIDENCE
to be comfortable in your own 5kin
to hlde behind other Peopte
to not lose sleep oversomething 3 There are six mistakes in the text b€low. Findth€
mistakes and corect rhem.
My cousin Ch]oe
CELEBRITIES AND THE MEDIA
to accuse soneone wrcngly
to be a hyPocite/hypocriticat
to have a stDng fanily image
to buUyand tese someone
to hack into someonet phone
to have a riSht to privacy
to have an extra-marita I affair
My cousin Chloe is an actress and singer Even
when she was a child it was clear that she wa,nted
to be in th€ media light. 'I'm gojng io be a live
legend,' sh€ said. She's noi a legend yet, bui she
does rDv€ a rccord dealing. I didn'i ihir* it was
very good. a.lthongh I didn't tell her thai. Shel
supremely conndenl and very happy in her o$n
slrin. Nonetheless, I think she'[ find the pressnre ol
lamous hard it isnl easv having every detail of your
life \,ashed across the nenspapers.
OTHER
to be introduced to someone
make the right impresion
IPRACTICE
1 Complete th€ conversations with the noun form of
the adjectives in boLd. Use . dictionary to help you if
1 A: I'm obs€ssedwith Angelinajoti€.
B: Why do you have an with her?
2 A: lwish lwas more confident.
8: ldonl th inkyou lack
3 A: Hes a Legendary guitaris!.
B: He can't be much ofa - I haven't heard of him.
4 A: lwantto become immortatthrough my songs.
B: Brt you can r sing. r'laybe you co.rld achieve in
5 ti she became famouswhen she was stiltateenager.
B: Howdid she achiev€ ?
6 A: she'sso hypocriticat. She shoutdn't accuse me of
things thar she does.
B: lknow l th inkshet a _, too.
7 A: Im feeting a bit paranoid today.
B: What is causingyour ?
1 Peopte tearning English have an advantage over people in
the past - th€ internet. Tick the things you have tried.
'l Waich videos in English on sites like YouTube or Vimeo.
2 Download podcasts for exampte, from ihe BBC) on topics
that interestyou-
3 some groups otr sociat networks oEanise ourings and
other oppo*unities for people to meet and practisetheir
English. Sign up to one of these groups.
4 Find onliie practice exercises thai cover the grammar or
vocabulary thai you arenudying in class.
5 Read about interesting subjects on websites tike Wjkipedia.
6 Go to an online corpus and type in some of the words
you are learning.Ihe resutts wjll showyou how the words
are used by native-Engtish speakeE and whatotherwords
coltocate with them.
7 Try a language-exchange website where you help a
native-Engtish speaker Leam your language, and they hetp
you learn EngLish.
8 Read the news from an Enelish-tanguag€ news website.
9 Listen to an English-language radiostation ontine.
2 Which ofthese nethodswillyou use in the future?
English outside the classroom (3)
r oqe FunBre
3raMa^ PqaDquaoarri!er tnq a^ls,realMaNrsettuaun8rpuP
PPq 3M qe Atuarar arnbr3rs6xu qE qra1n. ]]Ej PrP un ou qo r,^
trsPd aqr ur qr t rno uattPl noI a^Pq
oqMiun auoPooSesireqr iqo lqBr r^l lnoJ 'a3rqr 'oar 'auo 03fN :bl
z
a8rete uo43u uolo suor puesord aqrarereqa 1q3!'un'onr)o :r'
L
'3urllo rno iriaM )iu ql qo
- 
Ia ou Ille.rlou oN
:Jo tuLqr uer nolrelr ata SuLq uv
padue,rq e aq lqS u I asnoq |euse peq noll qV
l^loel aFrEl P uo4
Furu.rtioqe peqFu q ueaqt uplior araqrreqllps nolptno,r
teussard rPu$lqrlor1ol qP un llal\
Zsturod poo! 3qr 3q +E u rpqM p p norl3u tpu a,r
It uel aSrq p uo! auo) r,uop 'aoul4tp.r r,uop -r,uop L un
'3u ]sn! uPr noIftul nor I 
lo oPsrP r lPtnoM pu snnor lo oN :v
op ot rPqa PaP ).P
l,uo^eq4le.rIrsnpra€tno{Ih iLo,tupol3uqrIue,&st,uoMnol
ouunp I au rPooSe.neq oP.MPue'u q a^ot oP ueau Aou{ :^
;arnml ̂!e s,araql
!u qll,uoP no,{, raqr.Sor 3u {eF p 1U od oql s leqa ueau PUY :l/l
rPsrl ot r!sn
teqaau Eurttal lsnfs 3q )turqr sau rsuos ]nq !r aq sles .q 'uur{ :l.]
zPa$ar3ru! s,.q)iurqrr,uoP no^ Pw :v
'oP or ruea tstu q1
pue suetd fueuosroS.^, 'auaoul noI_ 
tar pue stdood auessql
Suaas 33u ll1 aues aqlFurop " araq 3u ̂'r ̂ddeq fl])atrid '. 3!rr s aq
ueau I s8o qlaues aqrluedllFr aM)turq]],!oP $nl ou,{uP3r roN :l^
." ."€o 1"J ..te- - n I
ararta,tusBLroF qls,lr ru qtr uop 'ouunp I]nq Buiqt^r.^apue 
ttaM
4te.ruora8a^\uDUt-rsnTsr'q)nsse3uohBullous,araqroN :t.t
lSuoh s,leqM 'IqI\ :V
'a@rouosl lnoqe no^or)iterot 
Paau @n'Iaa q$i qE3I rr.J
;a^ot u ltpeu I rs oMr io^ luag qr M ]]aa8u ol I rs gu qf$^a puv :v
Puuv=v zstl=bl
t DNtouof lu t JNn
'roolod ooroqdoq.. b"Y o-rnb 
100--q,cs'-
srqeq orur ̂|ear lou u auPusriFqu.uar r,uoP tsiu ql 13 e',oFe
rieaM..rqttnoqe uro! seMr lu L| t ^qeq ePeq a^eq aldslq Pup
u6nor Iu'roui qo .uos qriotllear Burqr^uelo)turqrr uPr'u! 9
3u snluor IllPal
sraFr ple 3au l lo aldoor e iaqFSorrno uaaq Ip3^,aM iuuqof
r. uqof pa|p) s pupqsnqraq pupfuuLtols3upu s,plar]IoqIu pue
ooteuul s suPU Iu IFno ̂qo ssne)aq 6lear aruaP ruror e.r nb
st SuDitpl P3Uer $nfaa pup rrqro q)ea or rxau 3u puels oraa aa
'su.ddeq r ss seltr as)raxa [ule].qrau stttuo@ xsrnoqErcl
Fq u4oDiftuo a^ euut s ^ru.rd errnbtou a^ auoauos'url s
lpnt rtu ql .1661
rnoqE ur Pa^ou aa uaql pup n4,( a^l tnoqP roj 3i3qr p3^LlrM)u qr
qrnutu3^fu.Mor pauaas auo ou rnq'puod 3qr\nora?uep ar nb
ntqeqord sp^1r luIpu ]spl uaqr punol puod sLqlur qsurqrreSutre$
rnoq Puads or Pasn I|Er sarouau rs.fe.{u lo.uos,leq!
uapreS.qlto uorloq rqr re puod Eu zeue s qr rtrnq p,.q Pue ueu
plo ue uo4 asnoq.qrtqSnoq peqsluared {r,! uepretSqepeqrnq
]]eu! a1'nb seMuroq sea raraqn asnoq aqriiquiuar '33s3u Ft t
qrnor 15ot a^,a( (oqauos ln! Eu q uPrornolel
l uP P aa '.,tuear 
"(qM 
M.u! 1,uop t'. npal rnol ro 331q1rolraq uaas
I,u3^Pq rnq sruo r3qralor IPPrtoq uo 1u3rua^r 3a-srs.[]o.tdno)
P rol sPui 4 poo? I|er ar3a 3,r'sn o! Pres P.qs sSu qr tnlMe aqr lle
.reduor pus raqrrtol 3allotr e rot tno oB ol p.sn. \ qinu os ssoq
srqr Paleq qroq aM.sner.q asop &a^.ue)aq an ^eM^!v reqr:rolaq
sqof r!arall p aaj e peq peLl ̂qtq )iutqr tnq'qolrsr!fu spMr pup
'ueuoM {rseu otqlroq tsou oLlt tsnfeM aqs ssoq F]nP fll4r s qlrol
FlDtroM qloq araeaMuaqdraqFU ,IqrP)t uanlMa ,t alosq]rol
'tuurou aql 
lo autr reqr
P aFuroq oslsalrsnftlnq Eurlsuaru I|Earsi|3sr +oM.qr ue.u
i.uBu ts,r pue anLltnoqetp dn 8utrr.8 u,t ,qe. ^lted Itted
.raql.qora^eq Pue q I e uoSu)iroau tu.uou aqrreln€'alPl
.lnbdn r.3 os arq rrersrelr s.uuerSoid uo)iroM asneraq iuus,rL
^te@rou pue ,lnls pueAlrol )iroMlototeop pup ri$irpr pq p u,
asnE)aq ruauou oqr le uatqord eto r q P r,1|lp rp uo$d ?uLurou e
tou rnfu 'Suurou aLtt ur Ru ul rsr! dn EurrFR Moul nor 's8u urou
ateq I m! i3trt liuop tPqlFsMsqttoIPPIuPl|ear r u5 .raq!
'3u rol 3rqd 
tPDads ^|ear ern seall
reqt a)if rn$ PUP 3Pun,(u qraroDer aqr uo 3uro3 Pue qeurue o!1
|p l p.^otfprntosqe slepltoq rno rcl r.uuns &a^. aFqloS or Pasn
.M' pleralssIu pue unu fr,.i uaoor PesniPui pue unE (urPql
ure] 3q1]o aueu aql sea leqt asne)o! olo eqr rot urpl rpu€ rnd 3^,1
zL 9NtCUOf tU t I|Nn
.3u 
I a! |,r .ursnr] qeN
- oE oratqP aq lou rqSru aqslaqr 
Pue
.3ueqr 'rilt l,upr .Lts rsqr sBu qr'sue& r.!p 3)ipu tqSru.rts oste PuV
lnotr.ie.ua)if )Neuorlouxnlar,nol'^aH
l piloaq arolsq
raq lseltarU|]aPp,t au searl )ts! elorq e 6,1 )urqr 'ouunP :[
r 3^olIsqs'joP 3)ttraqaoul r,uoP nol toors,r 3reu qeN ,€
zaqsrus.oP
'orteq .e v. oqo uo do8Lo. .d 
"r'"oP"i
ILMsqsMoDi 5 qr a)i| ll,aqs qo
9 DNt€UOf tU I .t|Nn
_ sPAau 
Ptotoqsleqa ]]aI\ :v
lparr4ss^no^
Mou ror atoqM aqt 3u |a1 or r.3 a^,no,t rnq 'ariuoi 'ou'oN
'u q or 
ProM plEsl,uoanor
asuord rnu nol arou gu q uplps plnoqs tj Mouj I|par I uop
Z{es aqs pp,(tl]ExareqM os ua€ rood
'uouuor uL q)nu rE$ 3^Pq,(Isar I.!r )iurql
2l lus 'aunlrolp no^
no o1;u oSsl ueau ;oSorflueMoqsaFqaroqtse doulnol'ur3
'' 
Ptnoqs no^IU !r no,(l,uoo tsasrdrns sattzet\tarns nol P uuh :[
laq ol proa p fPs 1,uop os'ssldrns 4atduo)
Ps,rLrn€ rL3^ot orEuroB s,3qs 'PUPlsr )t33rD p uoEaaaoarlauuns
rx.u suexa Fq s.qs u!] aqs u3qMrol qroq sn ro, uns aqr ur Aep loq
Srq s,qr )iooq ot BuoS u,|taa uns aqr sa^ot.Lts ^\oq ̂rcu)inorIaI\ :€
:u.qrrsqls,req/{ ;nof are Llo :f
raq rol asrdrns elot q e Suruleld u 4tpn]rv r€
poo; s,8uqr^]ani ou rnq lensi se fzeD i)trr tuL,(pm s,aqs 1$rS qpal :€
z)ozeN 2atpu ll]ELr ]lP3u qr&a^. os :[
u.€=3 aof=l
.I
I
Lusaop aqs,Gpoqrlo pua aqrrV .re laq] Iea Lql sSurqr qrr^ IdnEq
'3u oA Ispi'al 
ts,aq pue )Lueu{p ranns pue 'sno r quE radns uaaq
s{pMtp s:qs uEau atdoad ruaral p,!a^aretraqr'rlourt nol |aI\ rv
'pale$e^ap aq 
ll,aN isno!asrou 3r,nor {
_ u q qr M qs u!] 013u ol s,3qs rlu qr lluo :v
lno^I M ua€ ol s ql uo tuau op nof r.€]eqM ],uop - 
Iaa oN :V
" t" Pro.)-oo10 :f
'lear uuLn :v
;)o tu qr&a^! lq$,{ :f
'Appraqro aqrzed qrhaaUo peq t f,llpnlE a^pq $r :v
zllptpze^ puelas usas no^a^eq os :l
Puuv=v aof=l
L DNICUO)]U t J.INN
I
s DNtouotlu L ltNn
1d1.rcs olpnv
i
Audio script
Oh no, so you don t actuaLLy know whyyou feLLoui?
No, twas weLL, wewere , l th lnkwe were argu lng about someth ng
rhathappened to us in the pan rhat we obviously hadn'ibroughr up
Somerhingto dowith the fam Ly maybe?
Yes,yeah fanything t w LL derin teiy haye been to do with ihe famity
Andwhenwas ir twas at chr srmas ,jid you say?
But think cos because itwas NewYear's Eve youte feeLing qu te
emotionatand ah, excitable an,l ..
l.l: And ii was yours ster?
w: Yes, butweargue qu re a lotanyway. Ainwe re friendsnow.
3
W = W o m a n M = l ' 1 a n
w: What s the ideaLageto ee tmar r ied andwhy?
M: wett don t nec$sariLy beL ele ihat there can idealaeetogel
maded. Um, lmean sone men feeLthar rhey neen to bea L t t le b t
older before they get ma( eti and um, a tot of women feelthattheyte
' "dd ro8e -d "d" d
mean, er, in um€s gone by, peopLegot manied quileyoung, and um er
you know, erm thin[ my parents eot maried when they wer. a Lot
yolnger er dont know ldon i the answertoihis quesuon,l'm sorry.
UNIT 1 RECORDING 13
B: of.ou6e lhave. No, he s noi in the flat. He! gone.ljust don't knovl
A: Look, L nda, try not to worry aboul r t-ie! probablyoutwith one of his
girttrlends or somelh ng Have you @|Len h n? Ne could be nfiegaden.
3r Yeah, ve Looked everywhefe. He's not in anyofh5 usuaLplaces.
UNIT 2 RECORDING 2
A: ... and most of the people rhere seem very friendLy, so, yeah attthat
Ar l i t jus t iha l . .weLL, don ' t want to sound ar i f mmoannga l ready
oranythlng but vegot a bir ofa probtem with my bossomehow.
It'sa bit harnio expLain.whenyou first meei her sheseoms
perre.ity n ce you know, good fun,andyoungand everyrhlng but
ldont know She s got this way of kind of ignoring whatever say.
shedoesn t3c toaLLy d tc ise me, no topenLy bu tshe js tdosnt
seem to take any or my soggestions verf seriouny
A: Yeah,weil,l'm supposedto be heras!istant manager, notrome
junior who doesn t know anythine about thejob
B: Thatsolnls awful. Baveyou edtatkingioanyone elseaboui ir?
A: weI non ' tknow don i fee las f l 'm reaLLy weLL enough
enablishen rhere yet
A: . .we l l , i Jwehur rywemehi j l s ree i ihere .Oh,no
Ai L .ok l Look a t the r .a f fk l i s jus tso ld .oh don ' tbeLeve i t . mean
how 5 anyonesuPPose. toget around.
OK Ok.Calm iown, caLm downl
w iLLyou s tap teLLngnet ! ca lm down? r is so annoy ln8 . . . come
Look,theres no pojnt in getting upsei about t. ti3 ru3h hour.
Theret boundto boa Lotoftrarric.
Yes an! whenwerurn upan hour Late, can maeinetheyte gonna
oK, come on, wete not goingto be an hour Lare.ltettyou what, U
e ive them a ca lLand te l t them wetes iuc I in t ra f fc , oK?
Yeah, oK, lmean theresnot much e lsewecan do is rhere , shor ro f
buyjng a pr vate heL.opter mean !he traffc in this town isju5t..
t = F r a n k e R = R i . k N = N a n . y
F: Yeah,weLL Cue$ itsallthe normaL stuff lor a stunent reatty. Having
an acuvesoclallire makes ne happyann myfriendsare mportant.
coodf r i€ndsh ipsareaLwayr inponant ,a ren t they?Erm whateGe. . .?
wetl, gues L G myibje.t I jusienloythe inteLLectuaLstlnularion of
phiLosophy even lfthe tutors are a bit . .razy somet mes
But the o ther s ine o f i r tha t donten loysomu.h is theLone l ine$ A l l
those late nigh$nunyingon my own. And sometimes you know,
get netuols aboutexams taiLed my Lasr one so. well,exam stress s
derlniteLy a probLen for me.And rguess d tike to meer more peopte.
fs like,weLL La.kol.onf dence can hold me back a b t, somet me'
R: Lets srartwih therhingr tha! make meteeLbad. What reauy hare
i3lack ofneep.li teaves mellst erhau5ted. An,i becau5e frsorired
faLLasleep n theeven ngwhen rhouLn be relax ng.50,yeah, not
hav ngtlmeto rcLax is aGo a probLem.Ihe other thing thar annoys me
s cr t c 5m iiofr my famity, lrom my wlfe n particuLar sheworkslong
hoursiyou know she sa cu.ren.y trader ln rhe . ty, so somerimes when
shecomer home herconp la in ts can rcaLLywind meup.
Burrhe posiiives derlniteLy ourwei8h the negarlves. tmean warching
mychitdren grow up r the mostlmponantthing in thewo.Ld to me,
ipenningso much iime with them even fil isa bitethaust ng And L
enjoy belnga blt oJ a nof-.onformkt. l'm the ont dad around here who
o o l . a e . t e . i o . " n o . " ! . b . 8 " b . a i l l e , ^ . .
N : Be ing the CEO o fa bgcompanyhas a to t o f advan iages , o r coure . ts
my companyand nobo ly teus melvhat to do .Thafs numberone fo r
mer lLke be ingan emptoyef , nor a i enp loyee You know, ldon l t iG
f ng peop le bu i ldo i t l f have io .Then, o fco !6e , f inanc ia lsecur i ty
makes me Jeet good earn a goon sabry, bot I wolk hard ro deierue
it Mycompanynoes market research for .orporate .tient! so, yes, l'm
the lace ofthe company.ltl an important roLe.
sowha! f rakes mefeeLbad? WeLL, f i r ingpeopte lke sa id .and,wet t
personaLly th n(thetaxes in thiscountry are too hlgh so, no non t
like payingtaxes, butthen whodoes? And Bues worryaboutwhere
sociery k eo ng. l worry about ant socaLbehaviouronihesireers Thai
makes mefeeLbad.ALL in aLLthough, m happywth L i fe . workhard and
UNIT 2 RECORDING 4
B: Simon? ts Linda here
A: Oh h i . . . f iows i tgo ng?
B: There sa bit ofacrisis, a.iuatly. Thal s why l'm ring ng.ldon t [now
A: oh, dear.You hayen t locked youEelf out again haveyou?
3r No, no, its .. it! Tony
B; He should have been backhou6 ago. mean hes always here when
get n f romwork ,a tways ,and he 's lus tno there Herdrappearen
A: WetL, nevef nin! I m sure he lL come back. He atways does, noesn t he?
B: Yeah but,you never know what mighfve happenen. rmean he's nor
usedio be ng out on h 3 owi.
A : Haveyou Looked unner the bed?rhatswhere he was Lasr t ime.
1 - c " - a , e a f e ^ l r i a 8 . h . , 
" . " b u , p , o b . b l o - c o r , b $ " .
tearewoutd be spi!ets um, just reaLLy reaLLy hate them um, the
smaLL ones aren ' t so bad bu t um,whenyou ge ta , a b igone Lke in the
barh i f you l ind i t n theba ihwhen go n ,um tha fs jus t reaLLy reaLLy
horible, um and cn'tfeauy, um, wouLdnt everwaniiotouch one
orany th ing t i ke tha t , um romei imes, um, lge t ah ,sonebodytoCo ln
berore me if lthinkrhatthere's a l keLhood that there m ght be a rp ner
' a ' o o n r - . b u ' r " , h . l r 
' L " p ' o b d b l / o r . o ! r b g g " . '
2 r'lyproblem i thatnea yeverything makes me glggle because t
nepenns on my mood, tlepends if lve noihan much sleeptorerample
oh my goodness then ljusr can i hold the Biggles in and ihe more
ser lous i l k , um, L ike i f matworko f iomeihng, lhewo6etheg igg les
C e . b e . d . a L n o ^ ' . o - . p D o . d d r . d o t S o i r s o m e b o d J s a . s
. o 
" ' r C . " r f . d d , " r . . . C i n - . . - a i e - t r e - a r e a . a
higherand l'm atworkand iisa really mportantmeetlng and m a
Lttle btt red,then rjust go ro pieces, ii s t.rribLe, and somebody can
lusi Look at oe the wrong way and 
'vegone ann cannor stopeither,
ann the more trytoslopthe horelnposible ltis and itteven
happeningnow brilliant.
3 th ink i r ' s fa r tosay tha t am govemed by t me. th ink l resent t
but it s true and the idea of be ng lalejusl -l6t makes me, makes me
really, retly sire$ed. Ia[vays try ann get a, ah, get somewhere - well
a lwa ls f i y to ge t where mgo ingatLeas tha l fanhour lnadvance
be.ause,the idea of being Late just you [now theret a, rhere s a
uo.] .q] uo .lepdn Fqr,ni e €^e,., 
""0 "^",,", 
, ff;'"i"*""t ,o
'a|)Jeinof or 
De8
'] 
lo q)nu $s flnoM aqs reqr lntrqnop sr l 'saat 
teSal raue 'P!e l3uou
1eUratolrnorors,(3)ersaqr.Ielor. eqIMqReuoOrhrN au!
sl eFu6odur$nf pe.rsu lusds^peartepeq{.qrOOO5t]3q1{edaror
usqr r3P& la^iaoq 'irou 
P p 3H tsar4uL !L t] qraSuote'q8euoorr.l
s^olooo'5trFuureuaroqr^edaiotu.!rparaproaSpnf aql l3uou
a$liaq rGds Ip6Ie peq siarels aqr reqt patuau3 t lelr 3qr rv
'srltod.qlP.urotur {FrErP3uutPUe raill oq] rsol 
Peq aqs
leql PstFar'qleuo@N {qloroc !q)lr 3q1}orsuMo Par.qr iu.ql rcl
fFreunuorun uoa rritrq.qr Dqa azld ooo'o€r aqr p.u ep pueqsnq
Fq pue epueuv l3)ireur.dns doo) lp)olra! lorooll.ql uo F)rr1^Drrol
e Punol Ppueuv uaqaoSe sqDou.u u ]@PDurue ol paPtar sa9rEq)
aql r+LtlpuE Pnerl to ̂t nt punol ar.a otdno, aqr q)rqM uLtP!1s
Su Molto] {eporlarerstaeqlh pue epueuv or q)E3 tefutsquou L r lo
s-uaruasP.Pu.dsnsuaoPpaPUP!uoloH)irEl^latPnf sqref no{)ue!l :g
'tu uuehl qso$C
la}lodarrio s lopuras u .snoqunor aq1 apsrno uo4 a^tBuuod.! :V
iuaqlrot qrnu oor rsnrsea l '?eql
Frle ^ar.Fuotr tut a^er1 paddors Iaqr rturqr iDq ]noqp Auttuoa
'Peu 
4atitosqe Suro8 spM .q asrnor to ple '.uop p,atts rpqa p3sl*r
3qs rolaq saSe ro].Pun ̂u rcl Surqrre.s sea aqs,4tlu.reddv isale,r
or De! Suro8 sPA tp qa-!,erraqroue oluo ro8 pue u,olleF 46oddo
3q1 oruo rooP Buora aqr lSnorqr rno )ireq.uer aqs4areunrolun rng
'sarto sdnr oal,lnq or t.llnq uo[e]s.qt ollr 1u3a.rts pue !.rura 
]o
.tpPtu aqrserr Pue req ro reor roq 3u reoM r usEMaqs uorc8 nP
rprB Iu os tnls puE ear to sdD rq8noq ple ]]o ro8 aldo3d pue auB
Suol e artnb rot dols or P3sn surprl s{ep asoql ur puE'uo|rPr auos 1e
Fddo$ uea.ql pue srnoq Nl e rol?u[F^er uaaq p,Iaqr ,{eartuV
'q)nu 
P^err r,uP P Iaqr.sno.q uaqrroj?utqrttq e sea q)rqa'uose.r
auos rol uoPuor 013uLF^err .raa &qr pue s.le,r ro rred.rou3r e u
pa^| Iiql 'anr1 ̂taralduor s,r ̂
ruareddetig qnrts fp.uor peq e otl
1|! e spunos qlqr ipln Pue une Pd8 {u rnoqe &ors {truet e r,aDql :r
ip erlrunq os rlal
iraPtnoqsraq uo orerod P3qssr to ar3rd ttq Para E qrLM'ss3rP }$q raq
u Suqr s ueuoa floleal-og stql sea araqlos'atqer aqr tp lauoa aqr
lo 3uo Jo r.Plnoqs.qr uo PaPlel Pus uoods aqrto lu !lu.aoFrod
prqseu.qr puE prEtuol u., PUe P3dd rro purl r'^|par uosea o! rcl
'6uappnsuaqt'pueqfuuoiEtodpaqseulotiruoodsBrqeqtpeq
lpue'ae)ai aq ol oPlod paqseu ,. .tqer eqr re soEeF !^ 8!was
spM'IeaIuV passansarrnbtu|llilseat trFnor^qo os'lpurtartnb
Ie sea r PlE s$rp tutus^a FuueiM seM iuona^a 1u!^a ueDs P srtnb
sear 5nod.u,&a^seM tosla1ren esE?ulutEr{ue auoPl,upsq l
sotqet 3q1uo 1eM or !4 pqse Iaqr pue'arsradsaprq p.raM ̂aqr os
'fqMAou{ 1,uop )l]rs.r.M sr.rre^\ aqrlo rol e pue u.^a r.uu p 3r9 e
ppLt ^aqr qsoM M.l e rol Ftoq aqr re SuDiroM uaaq p r4]e'fepauo
rn€ Aspi nbseM qrLta!e! aq1urp.d.s fIeuDN qol&4o!u
lo pu t P 3qruou aal e rcl l!3oq e u qoleqr peq oBe eeal Maj v :l
4lLs oor rlq rsnl I PsuaddEq
peq leqa P.n uPe F^au l1nq ureRsraqro qr* 33s PtP a,1^ iSuEnlsP
osseMrPue1 8ur,(ofu.seatreqtpu.r.ipuere8ns!rp.ra^orraSriq
s q11e3 Pue.raqr rE or Petl os ̂es ol.1|o. oor sen.q PrP.q,rro
'P3r4ou aq)tutqrr,uop 
tple tutqtlue^es or Pa*erequ. oot sea I rn€
'rtesto 
Pea1surratunqiu uore8nsrn! pue p.snluo ro3 | req] qrnu
osBut)llprspatpup snodau ossea t q la3rnq tru pirapro LIeaIuV
Dlsnsrs€8rnq e(luo seMlr qBnoqr !a€ P€rt)xa PUe snodau
^|ed *a tpue luanelsar s ol arsp e uo uaaq pitaujr rsrll.qr qLt
seMr rnq .reP e uo u..q P, .utl lsrg aqr r,usea r!Puv rno au Pris?
Potlt ̂I$r t ̂i3 s q1 Ple Mnoqe sea iSusserpqua rqear sea s q.r :f
8 9NlCUOf,lU € INn
'Ie I aes 
I reqt ̂)pnt ̂F^ sPM r ulqrursturqr
a^su€dxo lo srros Ip qrare) a^s6dxaa^eq qdoad pooqrnoqqBrau
3ru esrsrql u.tols !3^3 ',P3qlor u33! a eq 
Plnoa PooqrnoqqRrau
.!1ulsPr.!lreq arns u, €s!ruo'tlo u3rl1q)re) Pue dn aleM or
piladdeq /(lrq ^r.^ seM r '.8euep {ue op plnor ̂.q} aror.q u.L]r
P4rale pue {FretFuuL ss.t ro .rou .uer faqr'ss3!poo8)tueqr
puE 'IeaerqSre]rs lrtod .qr pallD 
t'uo Su oB seM reqM pas[ear tsE
uoos sE {snor^!o 'uoq1 o3ur )P.r! 013urfrl sMopurMreriqr 
|E uo
Sur8ueq ar laql Rutqrna^a artplno os'uoouInteqra rqSru
reaP ̂F^ e seM r iretr aqr or?utqrauos BuLop araalaqr reql p.rBou
I u.qt $dtt 3u )toolfiseu puea s$raAe &a^ - )iunrp .FM &q1 aas
Ptnor no.( BlquuP @.q fFnor^qo peq I'q-LEqlo qre. reBule.as
pup SuLrnoqs'areld aq1r.^o lP 8ur{ehs sraa faq! .snoq ̂u iprsrno
rsnl uau Runo{oMr asaql M6 pue rno pa)tool | {eM&V !o Su oB spM
reqM ..s o1 aoPLh 3qr or ru isrnorto os''3ulnoqs uau - Fsrls
oq1u sP6rno .sro! tnJPParP stqr PrEsq P3q orur )req ?u91.3 seM tsv
@oorqreq.qr or 03 ol dn 13Ror pPq rnqlEnsnse ual1ePaqorauoS
pPq '^es 
Piioat'3u urou .q1 ur )iroP,o suo rnoqp re p.u.ddeq ttert:r'
s 9NlcuoStu t INn
'PlorFurzssrl
uo,lu.u or rou 'pillDr 
44nlosqe 8u!taa, 1Fr $Llod e u dn qoM
| !4el rnoqM.l ernq rEqrFrlP qrnuraqu3uarr,!Er'1$uoq aq
o! loDErs srtPd r.re.u aqr or sn a orP Puerer aqr to )ltreq.ql ul
snprqsndrsnflaql snoru€rsltiuptnoM{.q1}nq5eaualqordaqr
reqa rno puu pue uaLf 01 ) er o1 p.trl a,r 'sn ]e Sutlnoqs 
Patrels pue
rno rcl ea)Lllo D lod oMr pue dn M.rp Fr.rtpd siql^tFpp6 rd!)4
'8!oF 3^ou orSuLFpleu iFA oM ̂lMoF pue p p.a1eqM s,1eq1 os
'uoddnsrol Fars aql ut pa)tred araMleqr srer iql or uo ptaq aatr sEM
lle le a^ou Ptno) aM IPM {luo :qr reqt Pas lear iM lllPnrG^a 'll3r 
le
re ssa8ord /(!e Su leu r,u€raa 3/y\ Ilq reqt uMop ra? ol RuLot roM .M
Moq MoDtr,uprp 4l$r./1 aoul nol dlaqrot Dqro !)ea or Rul|er pue
]]o sPeaq r no BuqSnq .FM .a Ple '{uunl tu.^ u.., or ue3.q 
lte srqr
'uosEar3uosrol ̂eM{uv ̂raddFossearasner.q1snf1n9'tulqtfue
rc lunrp sraa aa$nDo! loN urE E ra^o |.1.M !4el spuoras oar
pue'!n l.E p,a,r !a o Eurrtet rdit $nf.&'lloM'os Furqr e lis l,uplnor
.M Pue &addlts os lsnfspM r '3utBeur uer nol os'oo11t q daars,!le€l
e uo seM uMoP Su lleasraa.a PEor aql Ruto? 3FM 3a 8r€qa aas
r,uptnor fllE.r aa *nD.q ?uLMousllrs seaI3q[eu 4lenrv 5]noq
lera^.src,t! ous u..q psq r puparaqM&3^.D )l]rqrsea.iaql
'Auparl lFlntosqE - plor ̂r.^ 'tu.^ seM 
n tuerl pu.ulfu qr M,(lie!
seursLqle u04iuoqSuruor seM ssanB lqSruprurnoqerea1| r€
-€=€
t 9Ntouoflu € INn
t.qret =t 3)inr =1 srell =l
I 9NlCUOlrU € INn
'xrtueunq s,t )tuLql 
ts8uLql asoql qnapnrs r,ra
rFreunuorun 'un 
?ue qnoid rsnf e qdoad arr Surraq dt3q r,uD no^
u eBElnquodn. odur pue uo )iroa uEr aMMout nol un sEurqrasoqr
lo.uos Ple 'iPes.u srieu reqr qFr( un'os.lLl rsnfs,reqr asner.q dn
sdod ss.ull r.qrole Su qr.uos parnr .^,€M se uoos se 'ss.ull .lt s,r op
sIe4e faqr r.^ pue $x. ot s8utql .soqr stleM ̂lFr {pogou odoq .M
ll3M'fpoqou $ne)aq aootno^BlFsadap s,leqr ple aq M r.^o araqr
lurqrr,uoP 
'un uor 
toseoq or u3.s r,usaop 3r.q1 asn€aq 'BuEs daP
&a^rEqrrif sturqlpuplu!^o! pue reM pue auur ot r sBurqr pu! | s
oDr t^u qe.^ os .url€qrle {ddEq os au sa)iEu rsnlt sr turqr lree
aqr ̂llenDe riq q8iolr|ed s,reqllurqr.uos s r !e.{ qe PUe !3nel
au sotEe q8net u q Bure.q un'qe.,(tuEeuernTs,rr'tsnfs,r Pue
'IddeLt(,t'f!dEq s,.q .relollrIsrq 3!raas un ',(ol qra .u sU$ rsnl
rr puE plroa aqr ur Su ql lsiq aLf rsnls,r $nls, puealppnri^65eu
e alltsu:^tl rsnfPUe uMoP lnr ]],aq uaqt Pue Bu uPaDs puP Fulrnols
Jo PUD1 asnoq 3q1 PUnorP ! aqra^r3qM urq reaq ue, tpue u30o roop
r!o4.!1P.q,aquaqolooPruo4sqlqanorqltuLot'qe'PUePtroM
.qt u Blrqr rsaq.qr €)i!t sr €uoq ot iuaqM {oq sDtjt{u turaas-Iu
Ru aas qe pleFllel e auoaq 4luaru .^,i 'qe 'Iddsq 
{re.r.u Dieu
'un ouorM.u3l ibs,fqlturql.uos'qe !eq}3u qFuos)utqr! 
t
r rq o pi$ansftqrp.Du ^tq par)ur FB | .u|r !o .! euuo8rou
ui I PUp 3u ollueuodu ̂ra^sr'un 3r aurluotu aqreqlles PtnoMI
'un os r qrh 
tftP r,uetr t 1,!?r $nf i puP {Poq {u ur uor]!€r tDtu3ql
I
I
Audio script
B: Thats right cfeg Leon Walker, you'll remember, was the man lrom
Rochester HiLLs ln r'lichigan whowas.harged backin 2010,wthhackng
into hiswife s emaiLaccount. He malntained h s nno.ence bur his wife
cLara went on tetevision roiaLk about how violared she han fet. weLl,
creg, two years aftq Leon was charged ann rleht beJore he was due to go
on lriaL, Pro5ecuto6 have unexpectedt droppen rhe charges against Leon.
And th€ reason? tturns outthat cLara had been readlng her husband s
terr messaBes whiLe lheywere stiLLma(led and had admitted io th s n
an emaiL. Leon des.rbed himselr as relieved but angry.
Ar Astonishlng newsl Now overto oufsportr derkwherelame hasrome
B. . . a d lh " . " o . ' < en .e .o respo de ' Pobea I "L L he " 11
the studio w th me Robeft, before we caich up on aLLrhe Latest
devetopmenls in the wofld otsclence canyou teLl fre what happened
A: Yes, absotuteLy Don weLL, asourlktenets probably remember, Ri.hard
Handlwasthe man who rrled io set up a mininu.lear rea.tor in
his klt.hen. Usngradioactve materiaLs rhat he'n bought, Mr Handt
attempted to splitlhe atom and he posted the resutts online, along with
the nowjamous pidure oi hi5 cooker afterrhe experiment.
A : Of cou6e whenrhe poLcewere aLer te ! to what Mr l land lwasno ing ,
theyconfiscated alLhk nudear materiaL and his compurer. Mr HandL
faced the ProsPeci oJ up to rwo years lr prison, so, as you say Don,
whar has happenedlo hih? weLL, the afswer is absoLutely nothing
since they conr rcaie! his Gnioactive materiat severat monrhs ago,
neilherlhe poL.e nor the Swe!ish Radlation Author !y have been ii
touch. so it tooks like Nlr HandLwonl be proiecuted afterarl
B: WeLL that! good news Jor amateur scient sts guess Now ontothis
week! olherscience stories Rob...
UNIT 3 RECORDING 9
you have beensuch goo! companyrhat foryou it s onLy f2s.
c: Yes, mytouE. hopeyouthoughtitwasworththe money.
A: Oh, r igh t ,yes , , l see . . . e f r . . .
S: Look there's been. misunnerstanding. We didn t reause thatyo!
C: WeU, irt onLy f2s. t s mor€ ol a gift reatty lheLpyou outwth an
informative tour and you heLp me out wlrh a smattgift.
3: ldon tthinkthats fair You should have toLd us ai ihe srart.
c: Didn tyou enjoy the iour? Nlost of my customeE are...
B: That s the thing yoosee.We aren t your custoned
C: Well, Look.lcansee it'slusta bitola m su.dersran!inC and lappreclate
wliaiyou re say ng. L€t s catt it 120
B: No, you don't understand. we really aren'tyour custometr. Thank you
foryour tihe but wete nor Boing to pay you for t. come on.lwant to
go backtothat roomwith the Roman coins.
B: Hetto we booked arabte foftwo.The name s PoLe P O L E.
A: Ri8ht...yes, right. Ms Pole. That tabte war for e ght o cLocl, wa!nt t?
B: Yes, e ght ottock. That s rght.
Ai WeLLln afraid we had to Sive yourtabLe away. As you see, we re v.ry
busy an! we werent 5ure if you were comlng so we had ro give you.
tabLetoromeone e lse .
B: what doyou meanyouvegiven ftlosomeone else? booked it.
A : WeLL i r i sa lmosr quar te r ton ine , madam,Weget a Lo !o fcus tomers
booking ann not turning up so generaLLy I anyone is more than halfan
ho!r Late, we give their tabLe to someone eLre.
B: oh, honestly.ltsnot myfaultthatwecoutdnl find a parklfespace.
A: unnetsbndthat, madam and l'm reaLLy sorry. Butasyou can see,were
Br rcan see that, but this is very unfair. Perhap5Ineed to speakro
Ai Bearwlth mea minuie, madam, and l'ttsee whatwe.an do Perhaps
one.r our customeB who booken for 3.30 won r shoy up. fyoujusi
take a seat a t the bar . .
UNIT 4 RECORDING 5
A: Tickets pt€ase Thankyou Tickets, pLease Yourticket,sn?
Br 'm sorry but donthave one.The machine at the stalion
,d: You need avalidtckel sir, othetuke you'll have to paya Is0fine.
B: l lnder5 tandtha t bu t rcou ldn tbuya t .ke t lhe mach newasnt
A: Where nid you board the train, 5ir?
A: Theret a ticket off ce at that station, sn. You couL! have bought youf
B: tdoesn topen un t i te igh to 'c lo .kand th is t ra in L€ f ta t 7 .30 . Look , lwanr
to buya i i cke t , Ih happy to pay fo rone now but can ' tbuyone i l ihe
A: Well,l'm sorrysir but l'm Iust noing myjob. You have to have a ticket
beforc you board the train.
B: Can Lmake a suggestion? why don t I buy a tlcket now andilien
A: 1... donl ih nk so, sir f you don'i have a ti.ket have to f ne you.
B: Look thk is ridiculou3.l'm noi a crlminal.lwantto pay fo. my tic[er]
A : . . .wel l . . .a l l r igh ts r .Bu i jus t thsonce.whereareyour raveLL ing to?
Ar Wow!what a huge space,
si Yes, beautifuL. so much to explore,
c: This mu5eum was ont opened in 201Oyou know rt'stheLargest n
C: Yes, it houres $me ofthe most important Roman artifacts in the world.
can showyou round some ofihehighLighrs ifyou Llke
A: WetL ,er whatdoyou th ink Beth?
B: Er OX lhean, l f you 've go t the t ime.
c : oh , sure , sure . I t i ke to show peopte round.comeon, fo t low me. tL take
youf i rs t to , . a idaLLof thoseco inswt re foundbya larmerwhowd
diSeing up h s rieLdLWhat a Luckyguy huh?
Br WowL How interesting.
c; 50, hereweare backwherewe starte!.
A: weLL, thaik you so much.Ihat was feaLty kind oryou.
c: oh, dont mentlon it. You [now, usually.haree €30 tormytoursbut
A: RedLandStallSeeices
B: HeLLo. m t ry ing toh i re a new PAand waswonde ing i fyoucou ldhe lp .
A: CertainLy s the PA Solneto work with you?
B: Yes thats rlghr. ve had a few appticat ons but
go fron here mean,can havethe appLicants intetulewed?
A: certainLy Wecan provlde a detaited reportonea.h appLicant. You .a.
even have the r peBonalitles asse$ed.
Ar Annyou can have the r !Qte ied aswel l f youwanteven
B: 1"1mh, ir aLLsoundseood canyou send mesome information about
how much it att costs
A: orcouEe Let ne take your email addres.
UNIT 4 RECORDING 6
N = news reader B = science coiiespondeni
N: Thisweek it has been reportedtharihe Mars 500 space nission' has
'Landed after more rhan 17 nonths With us to discu$ th s fascinating
erpe ment is ou. science coirespondent, David S mpson. Davin, for
those lGtene6 who a.e noi famlllarw th the MaE 500 misslon could
s: wettthe MaB 500 nlssion w6 {tuattya simuLatedspace m$on
in which rix internationaL voLunteers three Ru$ians tvvo other
Europeansand a chinese man 5pen1520 days inaspacecapsuLe burled
beneaih a car park n asuburb ofMoscow
N: And what exactly was the polnr ofthat?
s: weLL 5c entists wanien to studyrhe physi.aLand especallythe
psychotoeicaLeffects ofspendlngthat amouni of t me in the
confinement and ioLatlon ofa space capsuLe, which G or cou6e what a
space crew woutd have to do lfthey gavelted to Mars for exanple.
N; Aid why is ihat usefuL?
'parnou 3qs )iurqr r,uoP r4Ll)nllns rsrP iaq
!o PaPlq Ple areld ^utoa3DDrsqol ̂ulo:r3rd elu od 3uo re llal
zsru.dou PrPMye,(!e a^Pq no^pp os
'lltpar 3row$aq aql l,usea rtqelord rarsqol'Mou) L
Poot ̂r.^ Punos I us.op lEqI iqo
5 1 )u q13q saoP1eqM'Iuunt DrqsrieuleqluLq $oqes!l leLla ulq
I'p ottueap PuesnouPt q Atrnlosqe u q pu lrsnlresne)3q sluoseor
aql puv plio Ij lrrpdrauurP^u Dl un'ssooqrplnoa IreqruosD.
.q}.q PtnoM leqr '&enDe ̂qdrnh aLPpr r..u ol Pa eas^eMlei^,1 z
Iaa se ̂lred rsuurP ^u re sBuos
euos3u6olr.!laSoslep, PUP lPqr qLl sSurqr puE uo qsel PUp r6nu
roq oqe{el PtnotsMiun rlle uaq} spu!} rqs aroqn PUe s.qloPraq
oqe le Fq )lse plnor tGql Pue ̂led rauu P ssarp ̂lusl e aq ̂lqelord
noM rr'un IledFuurPe re a^eq orrsan8 unl ̂llEar e.q p aqr lu 'lr
I un eA?D IP4.r^u ori^Pq PlnoalArre!Fuu P ̂ser .r^u ori^Pq Plnoatfire!Fuu P IseruElIu rv
9 DNIOUOfIU 5 flNn
- 3doq qrnu tu3^tiuEql'IaM re.rC :l
rlulqr sPuell te lsnf$q'^lal ullsP saIqo r[
2u ESP qntn rs.uorruPAP,noIlllseorP.lueal :3
'uslqord ou arns :f
uots3nb rset auo lo ol l fuos qo sreqr tiueqrlFM')o :l
}eq P puP uarcs(tqssod ua^as {Ps or .^eq P,l uo+s.nbreqlarEll'qo rl
tEtnsrn.^r3no^Plnoau€rlornosyeulEqa',^lleuLlPUe )o :l
uo mo passa4sra8qloq 3,rletru s alrnb ̂llenrre ar,3a lulqr llaM :i
lelnsrn Pue no^
€rErelursMoq un aoN Bno pull ol suLzeSeu .lF Ppar or .^Pq ll,nor :!
z'qs Plo lou qo :f
zP.trrou 3qs lurqr l,uoP no/\ :t
'3u4.q orore ̂aqlxtalll arou.ql1r s:sn suoauos lruo sq aql pisn sL,l,
pioMaqrPqr sau!1lo raqunu aqr ̂lrsrlr s3uqra qloJrnoeIaupdasl
'saLr^l]sou stRurpe.r.re no^ Pqr alLlord e roqraqMAoul or1ueM noillos
!s sLreqr oroqd e asn oqM uau ol Pareduor pp ee.^req e pup alo s reqr
oloqd p esn ol pualostE Lll .re ̂llenr.p Aaql ueQFuulls ss sa^lasuaqr
rG$i pup a8e.nrl)Eqrto ee.Ihol alPr {lDrd^luauot adeqs^poq
pup aSe r .qr ur-uo stuord autuo r'aq1ur ll4 uauoM reqr sall odr dor 3q1
'ptnqaBera^s ueqlr.qrer,rqnrsnu,)o,rr13lqrP.
se se^tasuaqr aqr)s.P or 'aFuEra rol Suuooqr 3dPqs^poq PLP!q3ra!
rjaqlrnoqe all ol IPtLl lsou are u3u !3.rs rraql uo4rredv 1lop tuqr pe]
u uaqa vd ps^e!Iaqrleqlu pltrorPu.rosle$'i xer e sa^Lp lllenrre rnq
ror)aiP uu e IIe.r r,us aq lPqlrno Puuiaql uaqM arer lou PUe.rep 1!!
iql uo usqr lrM a^ol ulIF$l.doq llell M uauoM reqr 'llqeunsard 'idoq
u3u aqt trrrnPui ul! aqlro.)ueull ui )!oaolSurureP sr sll uouuor lsou
3rt|ur )iroM /(.qr rPqlIllsnPuraqllnoqE all [.qr D qof]Eqr lo -uprrodul
.qr .reDE8exa I3lI qol r .qr rolP sr llar ueu Pql 3il uouuo lsou .ql
!!oid rsou ro,le.iB oor rnl51 .]eFFSeb or uo,Frdu 3qr'^reaE)
'.lllo! auruo rLaqr ur.l aldoad ]o %03r.^o asnEraq Deld rsrLl3qr ur Pa!ers
133 ram sdLqsuoEt.r asoqllo ̂ue reqrBllsldrns sdeqld s r!rns aulluo
Fau Mou vsn.qr uLsaldnoraau lo %09 r3^o r|re.sar 3rar o1SulPo'v
z 9Nlcuofru I rlNn
puv qriu&a^no^)iueqr uosdursP^ec ilnissarrssPunosIlurprra)
req! puersluPrno{.uoouotqlnauoleslep !tztuPuadtau!8eu :N
iraqro qr$ qLtluP P rsnlraqr _ {lPrseq 5i!3u s,€q}o qna !o p3 $n[
faqrasnpraq'uossrd^ep tlzatoqM3qlr.]r3qroqreoorqods^lPreq
!3quau a.rtr otloqrpu? 2361 uluo$u sreds ue6snl eseMl lli,l :s
tPaGddeqreqMpuv :N
'lle P uo F3 I,uplP r3qFSol uo!ss!u
e!o eiqusuaa'o4aqr 3qM aser auo spa ar.q] lnq MaD
punor8 3q1Iq parroddns itluaL)Lllns3u.! lou re iaqr reql ulelduo)
or Nr) 3)eds.!1ro] uouuo) sr 1r lorluor uo s u 1e rcD PunorS
iql sPreaol P.lr.r p aq ol Plar slonErfn4 ,saar) .w ^llPr.uaS lla^ rs
iuo ra8r,!op Itdu6 s qr qLl suoBsLu uo sMar) reql la,ideq ra^.r saoc iN
&ess.r.u araqa drqe.peal ap ̂ord r.r'ueal e sP Yoa Pue raqp
q)e.!r|A uo F3 or 3F? aq ol paau PlnoM {3111 ^Fnor^qo PUe arnssard
raPUn uter fersoralqP3q o1.^eq PlnoMA.qlosplE uollenlLs
lntrsi4sltqrPJru ue osle s srql uoEsru aqlauilnP.suP+tureqr
sustqord p3padiaun iqrlE qrM le.P or slqP 3q or Pue uoLrelos pue
uoparoq.tq Par)u aqr qIAleaP or lusDrgn*lFs llausrris oq or
a^Pq PlnoauoEeu qrns{uelo daD iq1 ruo6nPuor snor^lo u errar
.re ar.$lu qr rnq 'P.s^leue SuEq l|ls sr ePP aqr nes te 1F/Y\ :s
23rnrnrur uosslu e qrns)ol alqerrns
are reql aldo3n lo Pur\ aqr rnoqe uMerP aq uPr suo snpuor reqa os :N
1e p:rlool'q or
PEq Pql san$r aqr to auo sPA s ql os 'leuo rEur.lul eq AlurPrratr rso4lP
IMeeri o! uorssru arnrnl,(uerellFquau3r or.^eq noln!'^lqlstod :s
2^rlleuo|}eu iues
.q1lo G3q Peq u.u iql lle, raBea u$q 3^PqlLl,uplnoM :N
ssLllPuoreu ratP
.qluiaMraq suouualu err- oslp ar.MarsqlPLP .uoq)peq,sPu.ul
PuP Iluet rlaqr q1|4 r)Pruor lsou aql Perl oqMra^o saEnolealosle
araa 3r3q1 suaFord pasner sLqr Pue !re, sIP4e r lseM pPol)l]oa aqr
reqr rt.l sea1' pue s3^t3su.qr asiuPao Pue rio arEqs or Peq ̂3q1
qrqM'qse1ple $roqrJo rol e peq u3u.qriluPx3rol uillord e
.uo)aq ^t eo uE $FnoPaflleus s3rlPrsuntD lnlssr$ ^lqB u $.rll
ur 1eqr suaas rL PUe !.qF8or sqrlou l! lo uorlPlosr Pue uoFroq
aql qr M teaP or Peq uiu xu aqr reqrFqusu3r ol a^eq no^ Ia,^ :s
!3n$ .raM.reqr qSnoqrle ue.r e sP fllnlss.rtrns pqron PueIiM uo
pE uau x s aqr tteD^o leqr-^ruoBv areds ue.dorn! aq] -YSl aqr ̂q
P3ss s u..q seqrr 3lqa lan.aoH'pisileueSuraq llrs s elePaqlI3,^^ :s
ipuu ̂3q] P p1eLIM Puv :N
rrlll!o Prlea!
lpqlsanssLlo PUL)Iaq] PUe P.ror lou ^llnr.re) araa spoou Ple
larcl ss.rls s,aar) aqr alduexsrol os uossuro puDislqr uluPd
3)iet ot.tdo.dlo PuD[qEr.q1].ala! ol3rnrnl u dlaq Plnoalll3,\\ ;s
'I
I
iqs rPqa or Suruar{ l,usea llPqrrarsqollu lPa or8lrtul isnq os
sPn 3u[.qr]o$ou lsauoq a! or F rn€ llnrslPinrlnr'MoDinol
unls lo uos teqr puE qooq Pue sulll oqePtllel3a)iulqr un:f
'e dot reLta Moul norarnoqeller nol PlP reqa 'sai qo F 
Pue )o il
rar'r' '- .q Plnov
}| uoradiuo asoor+ or Peq U ln! {tPdllD|r]ed ur.uoou lltsA\ :J
zronoiputu.r 3qrprp oq$'ot)o r r,us oillord .!1 s^eMlE s,reql :I
l!3noq13u lo lq8noqr 3qs reLla
Eap ou pB a^, lear8Pqoot aqs luslFrxl Poot{llear sEMrr'ou qo r[
iPooEetnsrnlouoFsardurlsrUrno{tiuse,^ :l
neqlrusPM qnen uorad e^l PUe.ruo^ag u.aalaq xruv
zMoul noI',au rol:uo aqr.q P,aqsPqrSlldoq seM lssanS l llaM',qo :J
aleP sqr arolaq rol turlool araa nofreqa.u ll.l no^ plnor'qsof oS :!
qsol=t r.uodd=u
€ DNICUOf]U 5 IINN
u..q l,upeq rtaru+aP €! eeal ualrsq 3sorl1!l plo tE3ilar i3^o ssM letll
oloqd e pasn Ile.]tr p,aH Urol un pueuralns e FuLreaa Pue 0t oqeseM,
'arorM .qs 'rcoP .Llr 
lSnorqr PlleM oqd uo$d aql u^'F 3qr or Buloa
pueAu uuhs 3ur!is. palolui oqMrriueq ruiur$^ur Plo rPaA_62 e laau
olEulr.dxa rlernersir P 01ru.a aqs qaa 3q] uo tuols Fq Parsod usrs)l
palp)FleP au|llo auo !a^.aoLl !e}ool qlnlr.qr qrrarF or lou 1saq s,r
riof!r ras no^ lelr sprepuers aql or dn a^t or noiEllSernoua & 1la!a!
a^r6od Pa^eqoqe uer a![uos3f 3r qa ir1 ] 3urF|Ies lo qrud eqlM
pear laqr lpqaqelol a^eq ̂aqr1gqr Molt t.reP aulluo noh rE 6lenr.e
no(ueqr (lnl$.rns $q PUP)a^ lrerle $llaPlo ere no^ reqr a^alFq
Ih qdo.d q$n aqr]lir nol I asno3q paladxa $^a s,r sdeqr.d al lod
3utuornolu rrq alr EarrolI]esso.! srIrEqr'F^aMoq {esqdoodsuos
,{ddeq, pue,;!Brr3, ue$FqrPr',Pes rou,r,Euroq
pu, seltasraq ro lt3surq alDseP l]la rErr E alduexa Dls]u.u.lers a ! sod
or uaqlr3lsrd or Pu.lSu l are oqasldo.d sruauar4s a^Be8:u rorlio
a,(a up da3)i'4pr !r puv'tlLraau rn I .ql uo aq lllMr r.Fea aq1!3quauar
ots sr3rtluoDeuiolurssalaqr!31qFqusu ora^eq M{aqrreqrsal]o
tole8! arpo^eoluEA(aqruaqMs3llloldr3rloqsal^sldoad,qlnrlaql
qr|M tD uouoi, BuLaq sr.uoauos teqluBLs e.q uE) as.ql s.lllord Elroqs
6puo3s s ro uo4 s^t.tio ouen p ol .rls.P e srru€r sLqr Il 3reddv
I
I
Audio script
becase rome peoplej6t ae fuiny, other peopte aien't. And Im reaLLy
interested to knowwhat that magical ingredient is and tyou.ani€ach
It or if he s atways been funnywhlch probabLy he has. And what does he
prefer liketo, um, to do most, un, stand up in front of an audience or
movles an! ry or ntery ews I d be intereste! to know the answer, un to
Ah, lf I could choose, um,som€oneto invite lthlnk it wouLn be, ah,
Nlother Theresa, um, Ithink itt som€one thats always ah, fascinated
me, um, having - havingrravelled, ah, quite a loi and seen whatyou see
ln, un in countriesthar arent your own and the povertyandthe illness
think it s, um, guite amazlngthat someonegave up theirwhote Life to,
ah, to try and address that problem. And, ah, it s someone thatt reaLLy
fas.inated me lor!uite a lonetime.l'd ask herwhy she chose io, um, to
give up her life ann, ah, and help otheE um. .lihinkthat she d be, um,
justso fascinatingtotalkto, um, and lttsomeone reattyadmireso d
kind ol like to say thankyou for- for the inspi.atlontharshe'sgiven m€.
l! love to neet 14arilyn Monroe,so lwould deflnitety invite her, and
the f rst reason would be because to have somebody that beautiful ann
amding in a room wouldjust be phenomenal and a one oft, and lthen
could a5k her questions Like what colour lipstick i, the best red thatyou
can get, and aLLthose girlie !uestions thatyou could ask but then d ask
her stulf about her movi€ care€r and whether, um, she feLt tike she d
ever been in loveand, um, who those peopte wouLn be that she really
felt she loved. and think l'd ask her if she hadn't have been, um, ir she
hadnt havedien when she d d what she wouLd have likedto have gone
lwould choose any klng or queen from history but probably, um,I
thinkthe most interesting peEon to hav€ at my dinner pany would be
Queen Elluabeth the Firct because there wouL! be so much to ask her
about and ihet such a fasclnating, um, figure un, fiEtof allld llke to
ask her how she nanaged to be such a poweful qleen for so Longwhen
be nEa woman in those dayswas dlfficutt enough; and, um, how she
maintained hef power, um, overallthoseyeats, um, and of cou6e Id like
to ask her about her day to day life and all thos€ nomestic !etaiLs llke,
^o . he db t . rob-u \h h . - aa t l o o wd. .hpbd ld u -de he w iSo. -
you know so many interesting deiaiBwhich thinkwouldbe,itwouk
be amaziigto find our the truth about rhem and, um, and howshe
reaLLy felt about being Queen ot Enghnn, um and whatthatmeant
5 Um, iflcould invlteanybody wanted to a dinnerparty,er, thinkl
wouti invite Davld B€ckham. Be.ausenotontis he extremelyEood
Looklng, um, butaGo lthink he'd have some really good storles to tell
aboutpLaces he'd beenand p€opt€ he'd metand, un,you know,the
wo d Cup and what it feeG like, just what it feeLs like to be a5 famous
ashe is, reaLLy.Andwhat hG tilet Llke, ruppose.Yeah he'd be really
UNIT 5 RECORDING 7
Hello? Hetto? sorry? Y€s, that! righ! this is stephen Lloyd, yes, thanks for
gettlng back to me..yeah, um, It€ft a message ea ier about the furnltlre
that you re rupposedto be deuvering to me at the en! ofthisweek... and I
wondered l f . . . sor ry? . . .no ,no i i ! jus t tha t monat ranand lkeeptos lng
you ... we, we keep goin€ into tunnels ... I said keeplo5ingyouwheneve.
^" go inro a 1 n e (orl. )or speal .p a b' pha.. No,,olr Lor 
p b
very fa in t . . yeah,yeah tha t5bet te ryeah, , .yeah, lcanhearyouper fed ty
yeah... sorry,you saidthatyou I be nefveringthefurnituE on Friday, is that
righi? Aboutwharime? sorry? No,yourvoice has gone veryfaint.,,lcan
hafdly hearyou... sorry,you re breaking up. shau | .. shaLL rneyou back?
Look Im golngto caltyou back oK? HeUo? HelLo?
A: FelLo, thank you fo. phoningcas Llne. You have three options: ifyou
wanttoenquire about newGas Proiucis, Press 1. fyou havean enquiry
about an outstanding bitt, Press 2.
Br Yes its chrisrine Ford, andthe postcode isr4Na6DK.
C OK that s flne and how can we helpyou this nornlnS?
Br WeLL, you sent me a blu which I ihlnk paidthreeweeksago,butyouve
sent fre a letterwhich says that unLe$ lpay itwithin seven days you Ll...
c: sorry to stop you there. llhavetoputyouthroughtoanorher
department as we don't actuaLLy dealwith invo ces whlch are morethan
thfeeweeks oLd. fyou'lljust bear with me...
D: Hetto, CustomerServlce Department.
Br Yes, it's about a letter you seni me. The cusiomer reference G V29O
636K ann sentyou. . .
oi Can you just confirm your name and postcodeforme, pLeas€?
B: velust g ven aLLthis information to anotheryoung man. Do Ihave
to go through allthk again? lt's MNa 6DK and my name is chfttine
Fo.d . Now about th is b i l l you say haventpa id ,nowlknowlna le the
D: sorry isthat M Ior Mlchael, N forNi8et...
A: Yes, heuo, Linda BatesspeakinE.
B: Hi, it tJane Markham lrom Adonis Travel. t s regardingyour Ilights to
lstanbulne*!wee( vejusl got a coupte ofquerles...
A oh, ye5. Hetlo. oh sorry,just a second... NolNotiherelwhere lroLd
you by the bookcase... sorry...
S: Yes,ljust wanted io know lfyou'd dinn taklng a fllSht a bit later than
theonewedhcu$e! . . .
C: Mum? l'4um? Nave you seen mytEine6 anpvhere?
A: Please,lont ntenupt mewhen monthe phone, yes sorry, you were
B: No,dor ' twor ry . . .amlca l l jngarabadume? LL caLL back La ter i f i ! s
A: Doyoumind i t t jus t tha t therearesomele l i verymen,and, , .w i t tyou
B: No p .ob lem. . .whenwou ld bea goodt imeto ca l l?
a: oh, ifyou give lt about an hourthingswillhave setiled down a bii...
B: oK, lLspeaktoyou tater.
UNIT 6 RECORDING 1
Ihe Mesopotamians were probably the first people to inventwriring in
about3,200EC, although itG believed that it was aLso inv€nted separately
in several difiefent places - by the Ancient chinese and then later by the
tribeswho Lived in modem day M€xlco.
2
By the midnG of 16th century,Araband European astronomershad
discovered a great neaLabout how our solar system work5. How€ver at thk
po nt, Europeans stiLLhadn'tfiavelle! to many parts of their own planer.
cotumbusha! onLy anived in theAmercas in 1492, Australiawasni
discovered by Europeans untilthe 1fth century, and Antarctica wasn t
explored untilthe 13rh and 19rhc€nturiesL
3
By the middle ofthe 19th century, we had made bi€ advances in sc ence
and engineering.In r860the lirstcombusrion engine was lnvented, which
Led to the invention of the motorcar. However, we sull hannt dkcovered
that bactera cause diseases, an! di!n't realise that we reened to wash our
hands in orderto preventthe spread ofgermsLltwasn t unritthe work of
the Frenchman LouG Pasteurwas publkhed inthe ls60sthatthis leawas
put foruard, ann ev€n then many scientkts lnitiaLty dismGsed his ideasas
Today, at the beginning of the 21st century we have maneth€ mosi
€rtraordinary technologiGlaivances We have nvented the aeroplane,
tanded on the moon, invented compute6 and ihe wondwideweb as wetL
as countless otheramazing pieces ofrechnoLogy. Flowever bizairely, we
haven'tyer discov€red a cure forth€ common cold. A scientlfic break
through has recentty been made at cambidge Unive6itythough, which
meansthat a cure may be foun! ln the next decale or sol
B:
Thankyou wete nowgoingto connectyou to one of our saLes team.
HeLLo, weLcone to Cas Line. My namet Andy, how Gn helpyou?
!eLLo, yes,Im caUlng about my biLL
Have you got your clstomer reference number, ptease?
Um... yeah, il s V290 636K,
oK,just g€t your fiLe up on the screen. can ljust confnm your name
'rq1Jplaql a^PH lsEU uoot'qo iv
llnrlllear u,trn! srtu tua^ sEAl nolruprtlou'|qo r€
'3r3 4 rsst.qr a^PH arou
auoso^eq uoos ^rtunq.q rsnu no|p.!s !t .^,noI 'etl.8 'qo :v
Su aq {sn! os spn aqsasnprq spualllaoraq orl]er otauniup{lprpq
peq aqs z]Pqrsr ^zp,Moq leau I luaorsq le s$anBsqrlo auosMour
uo^ar,uP PsPusltIujo auo uP3u sPusul,stuarEdr aqr lo speot 'sr$nt
lo sparPunq {Ier.}lt Pue ar.!s,&.^a sturuaSue,e raaou lo sPeot'a)ie)
a^6seu e ssarP a^su.dx.-e3au e.tLl LltrM sPunod tosPuesnoqlPue
sPuanoq]rso qluMl- laSnq ̂tornlosqe peq sPua 4 ^u F ea] e arno
z DNlcuof lu L llNn
IepolptDAaqru rEnu lo arpl aqt a8ueqr qp'or p p ̂aqr lPqa or - ot
P.lq.Pu |e rP 3M 3a rPql)turqr I sn'PUY PlP ! {sM rqt u uaorS
aneq tiuPtnoa)snu dod uaqrrnoqrM'qP {ePor{rrnPu )snu aqr u
rt.lSu aq tE s .)utsnlu r3qt-rt3qrrP$:julqt qe Pueanlroaunr
5at*ag e-e aueu uerfpoq&a^.'un ̂$.t.uD qe .rnpuau'a sFuos
r 3!1 qe @n'puer6iu Pasteqotl^oq1 un'r6nu dod qeiq I,uPtnoM
3r3qr uiqr oqrM Pue'fepollr MoDtiMse)unu qe pasLuorlntoMr
Iaqr'qE Iaqr'qplr3fqnr Iuml qp $tlpa8 aqrlnoqp)llpro]rtLl p, s
'4pa 3uor o]ep3lrol 
]]3M lol llE sn ot uaop rartu
5 9NrCUOf 3U L LtNn
llnoqe ]PqM zuos3l srqr Bulnp s.rou tuP u.)iel nor.^eH zl
auaolrnoluraretdu.)istrB asu.^ateruolsrqruerrolu,(ueo^eH rr
l{epor araq 1.3 01 no^ -iet tL P p Suot MoH or
ll sea te!,\l lrr.ruor e u redua)lelra^ano'(3^PH 5
iFqlplrnon
roraqloBrnof arlereadde to sural ! arou ra]]P 3lp1 no^ oP oq,{ 3
2lloar4no^Slrqlrsrlsqls,reqa auoq 3^!rE no^ u.it,r I
2{Fnouas uoqr qEr no{oo zlqd no{ op srrods qr !,\^ 9
;oq,r lu.rpt q) |eus lo srD.)ierora^eq ia^o ioloo 5
laq rlPlnoaleqM lsar.lulro uods Mau e dn )loor doill t
2uMoP l sD dn puels no^ op 
"te.s 
e rier, or io^sIrE auoauos lt €
toqM iroroq,i 8uDtel re poo8 ̂uear s,oqM auo^uP noDt no^ oo z
zturubu aqru dnSurrraBou'lrnoiarteli]]purou noloc r
t 9Ntouof lu L I|Nn
arou3.s or -.uD arou peq qs M rsnl tsru etduor,tueu a^eq l,u.P I
rqr uo4uedv der e pull orsatiu )i1ea or.^eq s,G4e no^ pue Wlp ro
qtea or rarea 3u rla8 rcl sler q8nou.lou Mooino{roreM qtnoua ra€u
s,3raq1 qBnoqlau s^o!ue s^eate reL]rtu q] auor,araql ilslou Wnu
oolrpl PU:ds S{PMIP '.tn19pue s!!qs 
I P!e!'3tEs uo asLPueqDuro
sPeot sleate s,3r3qr snnor ]o PUp dPaq)sr lo3!o!qBnoqr-)uxPPue
poolInq ors erslo ̂ruald re3r3qrpuE Fn.nb.^sseu sleateire
.Fq}q8noqr-srairor qtnola {Iensn 3rp 3rrq1 poo8 ̂r}ard are so)etd
rsou ur s3 r trel.ql,(es PtnoM sIeP .s.qr 2.sta reqa id3.F qBioua F3
F^au t1q3ru iql]o lsou nn Iets usrto pue poqs uu a^eq sPUp! aqr rsue
tq?tup u Foqe s!e1s r ear,(!ed aqI ^|ear auo^ue orSuDFl FA uD noI
'o€qdsoure rEat E 
4le6n s iraql lnq raqro ueqrF tpua 4 ap I lauos
'.3ers ureu.ql uo ?urua€ aqrlo pua aqr tp !p aultpEaq 3qr or dn SuLpInq
'fSers ru.ratrp p3^rs uo spup!Ipus 3qrrsr! tuL{qdrrp$ orrnole are
sPueq aqr se ru.u.r )xa to dn PInq eqrs,3r31+Ple alt or sauo) o)eld iql
IlAoF ple 5tua1r olr lo uo sauor auotua^. f|enp4t pue dn ilea no,(
uaqn Burtaar aq] o^ol I sa^lasuiqr Iofu. ol.)itoraql @aqlj. ]]p'Moul
not atdoad lospuesnoqpue splesnoqr^q papunornsFuaq uo4FE nol
tpqt znq Au zeue s qr s iraqt'a^DE nof uiqa Furr rxa l]lpar s,4pale s,rl
latrD aa4 P 310 rol urnrar ur'PrpMars E se)tro( r3F or 38puPU ts.urlruos
ue, I n ,tup $a! ,o rrou or o? 'ine' 
rp:4 ll e lo r q e u $.nB r
^eareqr ur aru ̂lle.r s t _ {3)iMotarnbltes,r ̂Up3l
m9 5P! aqrrot lpueratr{ ero r.aoD auos dou)ino{leau P ro} asnoq
s,auo.uos ot Pauur ar no,( ] rl F le@s e alel tqSru nof tPrpr ro srussrd
.tueq)xa atdo3n Mal rra^ 'teDrauuo ^Uqnrrrpdrcu s,r llBu srdrns
Puv Bu|lea paqsu I3^,nolraqp ̂pp,{zptfuard e s,rL,llerEeq tn€ op or
ralFqSurqrou1o3a^,noll qrreaorunlppuqs,reqrosqrorarrpue
'..uoo|eq 
Pue_ s.unrso pus - sreou tu zpup q 
I qlrM ' _L uo qneM
oslp uer noireqraperen3q e osles,ar.qlpue l uo s.q)ted ueqrool 8rq
tPra^as s,(eale are araqf Al qrreMpue punore r s |e ^aql os a^ou upl
3!o ouu:qrpuE''pootq)o(oorretsreaaoo&o^apue'saqsrplPLrads
qlMteauP$dsE luprnelsar P u roiuoq reFqratu r3qrp8ItUPJtrq e
.^eq ̂.qt s.jtiuel,,aq] qlapuads.Foai lsou1Pqrlep e4lDreqs,l l
'F^eaq sPu.4 siaqlouiulo.uou'|s$rlsou )$eruel.q 
i Pue
spui 4 rno |e qr M orerqalar or rarel sr..M lo.tdnor e Aued a1u e a^pq
ll,3r 
'rEUMaurno uo plads o1 sn 3^e3 ruared Iu ^o!ou aqr3u ̂esar,3M
PUe uordsrsr a$ PuPfuouarar aqr 01 spuo 4 pto Mal e PUP flupt ssot)
p.}hu lsnls^,3a os lurarrp rFratduo Su qrauos p31upM aa papDap
Pue .rPParl 'IeaIue os rsnt qrnu oorrEt sPM sraqr 
lPLoe.du oolrellle
seMrr Pue.s.ql]otPrarcsolu$q P,t'ips se IPMIuvlr t us snotnr Pr
s,ruq ^ep3rq.qraroraq dnr :ppu Iaqrltqrntq8ioqr I l.qr or.uol
r,uP p ̂trEou Mel u ,aqrou .!r '4rlarpdnv '. sruau.Suere 3!1ro^o aPl
-uL raqtou armnJ raLt qrrM1no |at spuarl Iu lo raqrouv iuo sD)o lnj{of
e a:j t'j3q 01Fsoddnsst uaqM pueqorotaq passans4tParSu rrststdoad
rnoqe s.uors 3$qr IP rPsq no{ uaql Plv tdoq r,uPrP 3qs sFGd or ar tod
|,reqrlo sD3ra rq!)uLql Pue 1r PrP Pus a?ernor r3ql PuP lerau r.qr
$at ̂|ear ol p4uehoqMlpoqauoslo tapou ator e s,t '.tduexa !e s,r
'es,r asner.q seq ,(Feqord I IeM.Fqnseu )j!tqlIrnq qiret or u^1oP
)rpq pue reqrro rioSu dunlu q ̂q Iele polueQ PlroM aql spq aqr
sPqlse Plno no{!P3u snoaSerno{IEar s,1Pq1!urqr puP qrrPl aqr
lo s.?pa a+ or ill$rrl'illuarrl sarppunoq tpuonad s q paqsnd,(n3 srqt
ueau arnLpErEd E qrhFdunlpuPsrpdsotur uoo|Pq PUrdn aaoqM
^nS.qrFwe8Dnes xlrl apnpur ot rtrl p,Lrn! parul &.^ aie saretd
Ies.rep'sruauan.rqreueunqlrlUdorrnoqeSuDiter.r,noll'IaM
rroqs I@ ro1 lor u'q oreu uou ora)itptnoa uosear reqrrot PUp uaas
13€sEq PtrcM aqr rPLF ar iPra lo loroqFP un'Pear ltspra un
lsou aql',un',flqeqori s iq PtroMaq]ra^o|e salunor u ParPnF PUe
p.)npord 3rE svoMs q'un puElpoqtus^a o1 srtlnrl $3t.ur1 $ieads
.q pue uoErau.S&r^rroJ Fruanu ar aq ue)sr(etd sqlu qr 'un pue
'ui tuors q tnoq8norqr ]ou ro I nout ^a!rr.qraqM qe s.^Ll s,auo^ra^a
paq)iorosles,aq un lnq PlrcM^rer.{ aqr'qe'aqr ur }ueFeaq un s
4uo1ou'un apodsreqs ueI A\'un'aieltuou oro^eq ptnoM 'un
pue?uorsurvtraNqpalos a^rr.adnadou rEuLqrlorolprndqrrel
aqr rP Uooh aql uo4 )t)Eq Bu toouutql t un Ptron:pqM.qrrcl .qr
rolIaMseu.^a?urSueqr-3lres!luq1t seft l|utqr -un'.^.twe
ol rln) ,rP .]inb ̂lle.r 3u lrauos Pue lua^.3lEeue ue s,r a)il sFal
llos r PUe Mou {3opuq).r dou qtrnu os ro3 .^,.a- sea r Moulnof
'un osseM u.qr ,Golouqr.r 'un reqr oPvsvN p phoq'leql oP aq 
Pp
MoN iuirldeqleqrprpMoq aoqao6!u qlPue lerpeqloolsMnou
uarctsql?uqrauoss,lrt,1r)tlrqrrsnf t un uoouaqruo) PAotueu
rsrltaqr qP;uorlsurvtrsN qE sqPtnoM un uorlPuUou rte luqv
'sre.Iluatrar ur Iturerrar'u suotru.^ur qe rueuodo tsou aqlloauo
laaq s1 )iu ql un fSotouqtrar pue uolerunuuor pue a8patMoullo
sur3l u'un'iploMaqrloqrnu os'rn pauados,r asne)aqpa@a^aqrE
EurEup ue seMr lu qr tpueFu)aru aqr pa a^uL{|enDp oqMatdGd
raqrolsFuousaat rauraa u lpi|erueu p sPMl ',un rsur.rul
rqrlo uor1u3^u 3q1 un aq PtnoM suuuBord 3q1lo]]3kN.ql
u..qs,r iun islpu uou 013)trtplnoa 
tlPqrt!3u3^a q)e.qt 'iun
€ DNTOUO)IU 9 itNn
!a^a snor.Suep aq ptnoarr leqr.^ala! srsDu. )s Iueu'Paapursauer!rnq
rosurolsrt,r srua^o raqreaM auaitxa Ni^aioDtonuor o1(oq urP3l
ansq Ih aa 1eql rtillun ,(]aua4!i sr t rn! ils