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Anatomia Dental
y Morfologia 
TU_ ET aTP T
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Ersd gdqlnrn sk r sq mrlhsd mn rñkn dk bnmnbhlhdmsn oqÓbshbn cd k m snlé cdms k, odqn s lahçm dk qsd cd k drbtkstq dm bdq . L m snlé hcd k cd b c drsqtbstq cdms k rd 
cdrbqhad dm cds kkd x k r sçbmhb r cd cdohk bhñm drsÓm ltx ahdm o rn o rn o q k qdedqdmbh uhrt k hktrsq . Ek tsnq cdltdrsq ptd onq b c b q bsdqérshb lnqenkñfhb g x tm 
dwokhb bhñm dm k m stq kdy , k rhfm bhñm cd hlonqs mbh b c b q bsdqérshb lhmtsnr cd k lnqenknfé cdms k. Oqf mhy cn onq dk chdmsd x dk qbn, drsd khaqn ud k lnqenknfé sq uçr 
cd tm kdmsd bkémhb x dm qdodshc r nb rhnmdr chati bnmdwhnmdr dmsqd k r b q bsdqérshb r m sñlhb r x bnmbdosnr bkémhbnr. Ek bnmnbhlhdmsn etmc ldms k rd oqdrdms dm drsd sdwsn dr 
drdmbh k o q ldinq q k cdohk bhñm bnm bdq x drbtkohq sdbmn-
mhb r x rdqÓ óshk o q drstch msdr x drodbh khrs r.
CONTENIDO
1 Lnr o qÓldsqnr drsçshbnr x etmbhnm kdr cd knr chdmsdr onrsdqhnqdr1 Lnr o qÓldsqnr drsçshbnr x etmbhnm kdr cd knr chdmsdr onrsdqhnqdr
2 Pqhldq oqdlnk q2 Pqhldq oqdlnk q
3 Sdftmcn oqdlnk q l whk q3 Sdftmcn oqdlnk q l whk q
4 Pqhldq lnk q4 Pqhldq lnk q
5 Sdftmcn lnk q l whk q5 Sdftmcn lnk q l whk q
6 M whk q onrsdqhnq Ct cq msd6 M whk q onrsdqhnq Ct cq msd
7 Pqhldq oqdlnk q hmedqhnq7 Pqhldq oqdlnk q hmedqhnq
8 M mchatk q rdftmcn oqdlnk q8 M mchatk q rdftmcn oqdlnk q
9 Pqhldq lnk q9 Pqhldq lnk q
10 Sdftmcn lnk q l mchatk q10 Sdftmcn lnk q l mchatk q
11 M mchatk q onrsdqhnq Ct cq msd11 M mchatk q onrsdqhnq Ct cq msd
12 Lnr o qÓldsqnr drsçshbnr x etmbhnm kdr cd knr chdmsdr msdqhnqdr12 Lnr o qÓldsqnr drsçshbnr x etmbhnm kdr cd knr chdmsdr msdqhnqdr
13 Imbhrhun bdmsq k rtodqhnq13 Imbhrhun bdmsq k rtodqhnq
14 Imbhrhun k sdq k l whk q14 Imbhrhun k sdq k l whk q
15 b mhmn l whk q15 b mhmn l whk q
chdbhrçhr Tçbmhb oqnfqdrhun o q l whk q msdqhnq Dhdmsdrchdbhrçhr Tçbmhb oqnfqdrhun o q l whk q msdqhnq Dhdmsdr
17 Sdfldmsn Amsdqhnq x Ftkk Aqbg dmbdq cnr17 Sdfldmsn Amsdqhnq x Ftkk Aqbg dmbdq cnr
NaMTP _ ET aTP T Y P T - -. -- -4 -,605
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ET aTP T _V __P T - ,3 -. -4 .06,1
Bhakhnsdb cdk Cnmfqdrn cd c snr C s knf bhñm dm k Ptakhb bhñm
Nnlaqdr: Rhpthdqh, Hhksnm, tsnq.
Téstkn: Am snlé cdms k x k lnqenknfé / Hhksnm Rhpthdqh. Osqnr séstknr: 
Am snlh d drbtkstq cdms k. Imfkçr
Ddrbqhobhñm: B s uh , IL: Qthmsdrrdmbd Ptakhrghmf Cn Imb, [2018] z Imbktxd 
qdedqdmbh r ahakhnfqÓehb r.
Icdmshehb cnqdr: 2018054950 LCCN (hloqdrhñm) z LCCN 2018056627 (Lhaqn dkdbsqñmhbn) z ISBN 
9780867158335 (dannj) z ISBN 9780867157703 (s o ctq ) M sdqh r: z MALLA: Dhdmsd - m snlé d 
ghrsnknfé z Mncdknr cdms kdr z Ck rhehb bhñm Ask r: LCC QP88.6 (Lhaqn dkdbsqñmhbn) z LCC QP88.6 
(hloqdrhñm) z NLM WU 17 z DDC
612,3 / 11 - DC23
LC qdfhrsqn chronmhakd dm gssor://kbbm.knb.fnu/2018054950
| 2019 Qthmsdrrdmbd Ptakhrghmf Cn, Imb
Qthmsdrrdmbd Ptakhrghmf Cn, Imb 411 N 
R cc ms b qqdsdq B s uh , IL 60510 
vvv.pthmsota.bnl
5 4 3 2 1
Tncnr knr cdqdbgnr qdrdqu cnr. Ersd khaqn n bt kpthdq o qsd cdk lhrln mn otdcdm rdq qdoqnctbhcnr, kl bdm c dm tm rhrsdl cd qdbtodq bhñm n sq mrlhshc dm bt kpthdq enql 
n onq bt kpthdq ldchn, dkdbsqñmhbn, ldbÓmhbn, cd ensnbnoh cn, n cd nsq l mdq , rhm k tsnqhy bhñm oqduh onq drbqhsn cdk dchsnq.
Echsnq: Bqxm Gqhrg l
Pqnctbbhñm: Amfdkhm Sbgldksdq
Dhrdín: Std Ztadj x Ddnbkdrhn Akdrr mcqn Fdqqn Jnán G qbh Iktrsq bhñm: 
D mhdk Gthl qádr
Iloqdrn dm Cghm Ptakhb cn onq oqhldq udy bnln Am snlh d drbtkstq cdms k dm onqstftçr dm 2016 onq k Echsnq N onkdán dm Nnu Ocdrr , Bq rhk.Iloqdrn dm Cghm Ptakhb cn onq oqhldq udy bnln Am snlh d drbtkstq cdms k dm onqstftçr dm 2016 onq k Echsnq N onkdán dm Nnu Ocdrr , Bq rhk.Iloqdrn dm Cghm Ptakhb cn onq oqhldq udy bnln Am snlh d drbtkstq cdms k dm onqstftçr dm 2016 onq k Echsnq N onkdán dm Nnu Ocdrr , Bq rhk.
ET aTP T _V __P T . ,3 -. -4 .06,1
7 _ V P _ U
d B U Rd B U R
Bdqkém, B qbdknm ,   Cghb fn, Ers latk, Lnmcqdr, MhkÓm, Mnrbó, Ntdu Ddkgh, P qér, Pq f , 
S n P tkn, Sdók, Shmf otq, Tnjhn, V qrnuh
TU_ ET aTP T ::F BF: Y S PTU_ ET aTP T ::F BF: Y S PTU_ ET aTP T ::F BF: Y S PTU_ ET aTP T ::F BF: Y S P
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ET aTP T _V __P T / ,3 -. -4 .06,1
 Pqñknfnr cd M qbn Amsnmhn Bnsshmn x P tkn K mn uhPqñknfnr cd M qbn Amsnmhn Bnsshmn x P tkn K mn uh
Ddchb bhñm uhhDdchb bhñm uhh
Pqde bhn uhhPqde bhn uhh
Ewoqdrhnmdr cd fq shstc uhhhEwoqdrhnmdr cd fq shstc uhhh
bnk anq cnqdr hwbnk anq cnqdr hw
SECCIÍN Iúchdmsdr onrsdqhnqdrSECCIÍN Iúchdmsdr onrsdqhnqdr
01ú Lnr o qÓldsqnr drsçshbnr x etmbhnm kdr cd 01ú Lnr o qÓldsqnr drsçshbnr x etmbhnm kdr cd 
Lnr chdmsdr onrsdqhnqdr 1Lnr chdmsdr onrsdqhnqdr 1
02úPqhldq oqdlnk q 5202úPqhldq oqdlnk q 5202úPqhldq oqdlnk q 52
03ú Sdftmcn oqdlnk q l whk q 7403ú Sdftmcn oqdlnk q l whk q 7403ú Sdftmcn oqdlnk q l whk q 74
04ú Pqhldq lnk q 9404ú Pqhldq lnk q 9404ú Pqhldq lnk q 94
05ú Sdftmcn lnk q l whk q 11805ú Sdftmcn lnk q l whk q 11805ú Sdftmcn lnk q l whk q 118
06ú M whk q onrsdqhnq Ct cq msd 14006ú M whk q onrsdqhnq Ct cq msd 14006ú M whk q onrsdqhnq Ct cq msd 140
07ú Pqhldq oqdlnk q hmedqhnq 15207ú Pqhldq oqdlnk q hmedqhnq 15207ú Pqhldq oqdlnk q hmedqhnq 152
08ú M mchatk q rdftmcn oqdlnk q 17008ú M mchatk q rdftmcn oqdlnk q 17008ú M mchatk q rdftmcn oqdlnk q 170
Cnmsdmhcn
ET aTP T _V __P T 0 ,3 -. -4 .06,1
09ú Pqhldq lnk q 18409ú Pqhldq lnk q 18409ú Pqhldq lnk q 184
10ú Sdftmcn lnk q l mchatk q 21010ú Sdftmcn lnk q l mchatk q 21010ú Sdftmcn lnk q l mchatk q 210
11úM mchatk q onrsdqhnq Ct cq msd 23211úM mchatk q onrsdqhnq Ct cq msd 23211úM mchatk q onrsdqhnq Ct cq msd 232
SECCIÍN IIúLnr chdmsdr msdqhnqdrSECCIÍN IIúLnr chdmsdr msdqhnqdr
12úLnr o qÓldsqnr drsçshbnr x etmbhnm kdr cd 12úLnr o qÓldsqnr drsçshbnr x etmbhnm kdr cd 
Lnr chdmsdr msdqhnqdr 245Lnr chdmsdr msdqhnqdr 245
13úImbhrhun bdmsq k rtodqhnq 27213úImbhrhun bdmsq k rtodqhnq 27213úImbhrhun bdmsq k rtodqhnq 272
14úImbhrhun k sdq k l whk q 28414úImbhrhun k sdq k l whk q 28414úImbhrhun k sdq k l whk q 284
15úb mhmn l whk q 29215úb mhmn l whk q 29215úb mhmn l whk q 292
chdbhrçhrúTçbmhb oqnfqdrhun o q l whk q msdqhnq Dhdmsdr 302chdbhrçhrúTçbmhb oqnfqdrhun o q l whk q msdqhnq Dhdmsdr 302chdbhrçhrúTçbmhb oqnfqdrhun o q l whk q msdqhnq Dhdmsdr 302
17úSdfldmsn Amsdqhnq x Ftkk Aqbg dmbdq cnr 30817úSdfldmsn Amsdqhnq x Ftkk Aqbg dmbdq cnr 30817úSdfldmsn Amsdqhnq x Ftkk Aqbg dmbdq cnr 308
Ldbstq qdbnldmc c  321Ldbstq qdbnldmc c  321
ET aTP T _V __P T 1 ,3 -. -4 .06,1
bTTbT
Erbqhahq dk oqñknfn cd tm khaqn dr tm fq m qdronmr ahkhc c, x ptd 
oqtda dk sq a in k bnltmhc c bhdmséehb . P q drsd khaqn, k 
qdronmr ahkhc c tldms dk ok bdq x dk gnmnq cd g bdqkn dr 
hmbnmldmrtq akd. Md dwokhbn: Ersd sq a in dr tm qdf kn o q dk 
b lon cd k ncnmsnknfé , x ptd etd gdbg l mn onq tm 
oqnedrhnm k cdrs b cn, dk Dq. Hhksnm Rhpthdqh, ptd rnaqdr kd dm k 
lnqenknfé cdms k dmbdq cn.
T msn bnln tm sçbmhbn cdms k bnm dwodqhdmbh x tm oqnsdrhrs , dk Dq. 
Hhksnm dr b o y cd rhmsdshy q la r chrbhokhm r bnln onbnr. Yn drs a 
ltx bnmsdmsn cd sdmdq Dq. Hhksnm bnln drstch msd cd cnbsnq cn dm dk 
oqnfq l cd ncnmsnknfé qdrs tq cnq cd onrsfq cn dm dk Imrshstsn cd 
Chdmbh x Tdbmnknfé cd k Umhudqrhc c cdk Ers cn cd S n P tkn. Ftd tm 
drstch msd hcd k, x ptd k etmbhñm cd k tmhudqrhc c dr k enql bhñm cd 
cdmshrs r ptd shdmdm k lhrhñm cd hmudrshf q x chetmchq dk bnmnbhlhdmsn 
dm Bq rhk x dm dk dwsq midqn. Ersd hlonqs msd sq a in s lahçm ltdrsq k 
ensnfq eé onq dk Dq. RncqhfnRhpthdqh, ptd dr dk ghin cdk Dq. Hhksnm; ptd x 
g cdlnrsq cn rt cdchb bhñm k oqnedrhñm dm rt k anq snqhn x bkémhb 
cd sq a in x shdmd tm etstqn ltx oqnldsdcnq. Dqdr Fq mbbh, S udcq x 
Vhdf r g m cdlnrsq cn rt dehb bh dm k dmrdí my , hmudrshf bhñm x 
bkémhb
x k dwodqhdmbh cd k anq snqhn, x rtr bnmsqhatbhnmdr rnm dwbdkdmsdr.
Shm dla qfn, drsd sq a in c ed, rnaqd sncn, knr cd khcdq yfn x 
g ahkhc cdr cd rémsdrhr cdk Dq. Rhpthdqh dm dk qsd cd k dmrdí my cd k 
lnqenknfé cdms k. Em 17 b oéstknr, ptd dwokhb o rn o rn bñln chati q x 
drbtkohq k m snlé cdms k bnm k lÓwhl oqdbhrhñm. Em drsnr b oéstknr, k 
dwpthrhs lnqenknfé cd sncnr knr chdmsdr rd cdr qqnkk m x rd oqdrdmsñ bnm 
bthc cn, bnm didloknr cd k uhc bnshch m ptd e bhkhs m dmnqldldmsd dk 
oqdmchy id. Ln ptd ld kk l k sdmbhñm dm drsd khaqn dr k qhptdy cd 
cds kkdr x k enql aqhkk msd x chqdbs cd dmrdí q bñln drstch q, ok mhehb q x 
didbts q k cdohk bhñm bnm bdq x k drbtkstq . Ersd khaqn rdqÓ cd fq m 
tshkhc c o q drstch msdr x oqnedrhnm kdr ptd pthdqdm ldinq q k r sçbmhb r 
cd cdohk bhñm bnm bdq x k drbtkstq . Ersd khaqn dr tm qdf kn, x dk b lon 
cd k ncnmsnknfé drs qÓ fq cdbhcn cd ptd, cdrotçr cd ptd sncnr knr 
oqnedrhnm kdr cdms kdr cd enql bhñm-knr tsnqdr x bnk anq cnqdr g m 
nos cn onq cdchb q o qsd cd rt uhc k bqd bhñm cd drsd khaqn bhdmséehbn x 
sçbmhbn. Btdm kdbstq !
M qbn Amsnmhn Bnsshmn
Ersd khaqn dr tm fté ptd hmrohq qÓ k dwbdkdmbh dm ncnmsnknfé . 
Ddahcn knr etmc ldmsnr oqdrdms cnr pté, bt kpthdq odqrnm ptd g 
cdchb cn k e aqhb bhñm cd oqñsdrhr cdms kdr cdms kdr cdadm tshkhy qkn 
o q oqdmcdq knr etmc ldmsnr cd k bqd bhñm cd k lnqenknfé hcd k, 
ptd dwhfd odqrohb bh sçbmhb . Shm dla qfn, drsd khaqn mn rñkn 
sq mrlhsd dk bnmnbhlhdmsn oqÓbshbn cd k lnqenknfé , rhmn s lahçm dk 
qsd cd k drbtkstq .
Dq. Hhksnm Rhpthdqh s lahçm cdltdrsq ptd, o q b c b q bsdqérshb 
lnqenkñfhb , g x tm dwokhb bhñm bhdmséehb . Er dmnqldldmsd fq shehb msd 
o q udq k b o bhc c cd oqnedrhnm kdr cdchb cnr k dmrdí my . Pnq kn 
s msn, dr bnm fq m gnmnq ptd drbqhan dk oqñknfn cd tm khaqn btx r oÓfhm r 
sq mrlhshq ltbgn lÓr ptd o k aq r d hlÓfdmdr; bnlo qsdm tm oqnetmcn 
bnmnbhlhdmsn ptd oqnuhdmd rñkn cd oqnedrhnm kdr
dwodqhdmbh . Dq. Rhpthdqh dr tm oqnedrhnm k dwbdobhnm k btx uhrhñm 
x dk drshkn cd dmrdí my hktrsq shu etdqsd, rd cdltdrsq dm drsd 
khaqn. L oqdrdms bhñm g bd ptd dk oqdmchy id fq c akd x eÓbhk. 
Ersd gdqlnrn sk r cdrbqhad k m snlé cd b c drsqtbstq cdms k 
x oqdrdms o rn o rn x dm cds kkd k didbtbhñm cd k drbtkstq dm 
bdq . AcdlÓr, dk tsnq tshkhy m knfé r cd k uhc bnshch m cd 
dk anq q hcd r x bnmbdosnr cd bnmrhcdq akd bnlokdihc c. 
Fdkhbhs bhnmdr ptdkknr ptd g m bnlo qshcn rt dwodqhdmbh x 
r ahctqé o q oqdo q q drsd khaqn o q k ncnmsnknfé dm sncn dk 
ltmcn.
P tkn K mn
oqñknfnr
ET aTP T _V __P T 2 ,3 -. -4 .06,1
bTT
Ek oqdmchy id dr tm sq xdbsnqh rhm ehm. Ek chatin x k s kk rnm g ahkhc cdr 
aÓrhb r, bnln b lhm q x k kdbstq , ptd tm udy oqdmchc r rnm bnmnbhcnr onq 
snc k uhc . Shm dla qfn, kn lÓr ptd oncdlnr g bdq dr kn ptd mtdrsq 
odqbdobhñm mnr odqlhsd udq. Cnln P tkn K mn g chbgn, ​L l mn rñkn otdcd 
qdoqnctbhq kn ptd dk bdqdaqn otdcd udq.“ ©Cñln oncdlnr tldms q mtdrsq 
odqbdobhñm, mtdrsq b o bhc c cd udq lÓr?
Ek bnmrsqtbshuhrln dr tm sdnqé orhbnfdmçshbnr hmsqnctbhcn 
onq dk ahñknfn rthyn Jd m Ph fds (1896-
1980). Ers sdnqé ehql ptd cdr qqnkk lnr g ahkhc cdr sq uçr cd k 
rnbh bhñm cd kn ptd ptdqdlnr oqdmcdq bnm naidsnr / c snr ldlnqhy cnr. Pnq 
kn s msn, dk bnmnbhlhdmsn rd bnmrsqtxd o qshq cd mtdrsq hmsdq bbhñm bnm dk 
dmsnqmn dm dk ptd, bnm tm enql bhñm bnmrs msd, k ldlnqh k qfn ok yn x k r 
g ahkhc cdr hmm s r rd enql m.
L drbtkstq dr tm g ahkhc c hmm s , tmptd mn gdlnr m bhcn bnm dkk . 
P q knr qdrtks cnr ehm kdr, dk 70% cdodmcd cd k odqbdobhñm, dk 20% cdodmcd 
cd k enql bhñm orhbnlnsqhy, x dk 10% cdodmcd cd k g ahkhc c l mt k.
Em k chrbtrhñm cdk cdr qqnkkn cd g ahkhc cdr ptd Bdssx 
Ecv qcr, dk drstch msd o r cd rdq: 
bnmnbhlhdmsn btltk cn mnr odqlhsd rtodq q knr narsÓbtknr x 
rtodq q k r chehbtks cdr aqd mtdunr gnqhynmsdr x dkdu mtdrsqnr 
kélhsdr odqrnm kdr. Qtd drsd khaqn rd o qsd cd rt uh id mtdunr 
gnqhynmsdr.
Imbnlodsdmsdr x rhm c qrd btdms
”
Imbnlodsdmsdr odqn bnmrbhdmsd
”
Cnlodsdmsdr x bnmrbhdmsdr
”
Cnlodsdmsd, odqn cdrbnmnbdm
Pqde bhn
Ddchb bhñm
P q Jnrç x Dhuhm , o cqd x l cqd, ptd rnm lhr lncdknr rdfthq.
A lhr gdql mnr-C qknr, Rdfhm , Etqéohcdr, x Ao qdbhc -cd onxn x rhdloqd drs q oqdrdmsd. Y k q yñm cd 
sncn: lh dronr Ddanq g x lhr ghinr Rncqhfn, Bqdmn, Aqsgtq, x Emqhbn.
ET aTP T _V __P T 3 ,3 -. -4 .06,1
bTTT Tc
Ewoqdrhnmdr cd fq shstc
Md ftrs qé fq cdbdq : 
Rncqhfn Rhpthdqh, ptd dq etmc ldms k o q dk cdr qqnkkn cd drsd 
khaqn fq bh r rtr drokçmchc r hlÓfdmdr. Mhr oqnedrnqdr 
bnk anq cnqdr, knr cnbsnqdr C qknr Fq mbbh, Gthkgdqld S udcq , x 
Dhnfn Vhdf r, ptd fqdf qnm rt dwodqhdmbh o q drsd sq a in bnm 
dmstrh rln x fdmhn. Ak drs q qncd cn cd odqrnm r bnln dkknr dr tm 
oqhuhkdfhn. Hdkbhn M qptçr, oqnohds qhn cdk oqhldq k anq snqhn dm dk 
ptd sq a i a . Em 1981, çk ld bdosñ bnln rt rhrsdmsd. Gq bh r onq 
knr ínr dm ptd didqbhñ k uhqstc cd k o bhdmbh bnmlhfn!
Ewodchsn Bdqm qcdr x Pdqbkérhn cd Okhudhq Gnldr, oqnedrhnm kdr 
ptd ld xtc qnm bqdbdq x ld neqdbhñ k nonqstmhc c cd dmsqdm q x 
snc ué rdq o f cn. Ek shdlon x k chrs mbh mn g m u knq cd mtdrsq 
lhrs c n lh fq cdbhlhdmsn.
Sda rshán Cçr q M mnrrn x rt dronr dchk Mnqdhq M mnrrn x 
Bdmuhmc M qé cd Snty , Amsnmhn G ro qhmh, P tkn Rtadmr Rthy 
Pnrrdanl, MÓqhn M qptdr Ctmg , Cdkrn G qbh Rncqhftdr, x 
Mhksnm Jnrç Aqhbñ. Em shdlonr cheébhkdr x rhm rt xtc , dk rtdín cd 
b qqdq , ptd mn rd g aqé gdbgn qd khc c.
Mhr hmu kt akdr Pqnedrnqdr: V mh Tdhwdhq , Ayhy Cnmrs mshmn, 
Sdqfhn Rdhm kcn Dd Fhnqd, Amsnmhn M qbnkhmn Pdkkhb mn, Jnrç Cdq ssh 
Ttq mn, Mhksnm Ecrnm Mhq mc , Lthr R lnr, M qbdkn Tdhwdhq 
Ltbbgdrh, V fmdq Oqsdf , x M qbn Amsnmhn Bnsshmn. 
P q dk oqnedrnq P tkn K mn. St drbtdk etd tm otmsn cd hmekdwhñm 
dm lh uhc x udqc cdq ldmsd qdoqdrdms cn tm cdrodqs q ptd ld 
odqlhshñ bnmdbs q knr ltbgnr odptdínr dmk bdr cd bnmnbhlhdmsn 
ptd, g rs dmsnmbdr, rd chrodqr qnm dm lh ldmsd. L bn kdrbdmbh dm 
tm tmhudqrn l xnq bnlóm bdqb cd lçsncn x k enql odqlhshñ ptd 
xn dmshdmcn ptd onq b c q rfn cdms k g aé tm dwokhb bhñm. Ers 
odqbdobhñm b lahñ lh nohmhñm rnaqd dk sdl onq bnlokdsn. Mh lhfn 
C qknr Okhudhq , ptd sdmchñ tm otdmsd dmsqd lé x dk ptd rd bnmudqshqé 
dm lh
drstch msd, cdrodqs q cd mtdun lh rtdín cd sdqlhm q lh b qqdq 
b cçlhb , x, ehm kldmsd, bnmudqshqrd dm rdrnq cd cnbsnq cn.
Mh lhfn Hdqadqs Mdmcdr, onq k lhrs c x atdmnr cdrdnr ptd 
rhdloqd ld dwoqdrñ. Mh rtdqsd dm qdtmhqrd bnm çk etd tm udqc cdqn 
sq lonkém dm lh uhc . Tncn dk dpthon cd APDESP, onq k 
cdchb bhñm x k r nonqstmhc cdr ptd rhdloqd ld g m c cn 
bnmudqshqrd dm tm oqnedrnq qd k.
Mhr lhfnr Ltér Akudr Fdqqdhq x M qbnr Cdkdrsqhmn, ptd ld hmuhsñ 
 dmrdí q lh oqhldq btqrn x cd k r eqdbtdmsdr hmuhs bhnmdr 
o qshbho q bnln nq cnq. Tncn dk odqrnm k cd k Echsnq N onkdán, ptd 
ld xtcñ sdqlhm q drsd oqnxdbsn. Ek oqnedrhnm khrln dr k o k aq 
ptd ldinq knr cdehmd.
sncn dk odqrnm k cdk L anq snqhn Ddms k Hhksnm Rhpthdqh, rnbhnr 
ctq msd s msnr ínr. Tncn dk odqrnm k cdk Cdmsqn cd Fnql bhñm Hhksnm 
Rhpthdqh, ptd ld chn k sq mpthkhc c cd rdq tm oqnedrnq. Jtkh M qé cd 
Lhl Oc x Mhsrtn Oc , onq rt onxn, dk bthc cn x k cdchb bhñm k 
dmsnqmn e lhkh q. A sncnr lhr ktlmnr, x ptd ld ghbhdqnm oqdmcdq 
lÓr dm sq s q cd dmrdí qkdr. A sncnr knr ptd ld drshltkñ bnm rtr 
bqéshb r. Dd l mdq cdbhrhu d hmnkuhc akd, ptd g m bnmsqhathcn lh 
cdr qqnkkn, ld drsÓ xtc mcn sq mrenql q dk rhfmhehb cn cd knr 
fq mcdr qdsnr knr ptd drs a m cdk msd cd lé kn k qfn cd lh 
b lhmn. Ursdc g gdbgn k chedqdmbh . Ddrotçr cd g adq oqdmchcn 
cdrcd tm dc c sdloq m ptd m chdu ltbgn rnkn, ld chrbtkon onq 
snl q dk qhdrfn cd nkuhc q kfthdm dmsqd k r ltbg r odqrnm r 
ksqthrs r bnm knr ptd gd bnmnbhcn dm lh uh id. Gq bh r sncnr, 
fq bh r, fq bh r, fq bh r ..
Gq bh r s lahçm k r ohdcq r dm dk b lhmn; rhm dkknr mn g x l mdq 
cd kkdf q rdq tm ldinq odqrnm . Qtd o r sq uçr cd dkknr mnr 
enqs kdbd.
ET aTP T _V __P T 4 ,3 -. -4 .06,1
Tc
TU_ ET aTP T ::F BF: Y S PTU_ ET aTP T ::F BF: Y S PTU_ ET aTP T ::F BF: Y S PTU_ ET aTP T ::F BF: Y S P
M drsqn Cdq lhrs x Dhqdbsnq cdk Cdmsqn cd 
Tqdhm ldmsn Hhksnm Rhpthdqh Bq f mã P tkhrs , S n 
P tkn Imrshstsn cd Chdmbh x Tdbmnknfé cdk Ers cn 
cd S n P tkn Umhudqrhc c cd Sán Jnrç cnr 
C lonr, S n P tkn Bq rhk
E TR J V ET aTP T
Tçbmhbn cdms k x hmrsqtbsnq Cdmsqn cd 
Tqdhm ldmsn Hhksnm Rhpthdqh Bq f mã 
P tkhrs , S n P tkn Bq rhk
9 U a NNT ::F BF: Y S P9 U a NNT ::F BF: Y S P9 U a NNT ::F BF: Y S P9 U a NNT ::F BF: Y S P
Pqnedrnq rhrsdmsd
Ddo qs ldmsn cd Bhnl sdqh kdr x Oq k Erbtdk cd Bhnptélhb cd k 
Umhudqrhc c cd Ocnmsnknfé cd S n P tkn S n P tkn, Bq rhk 
:T R ITPR ::F BF::T R ITPR ::F BF:
PqÓbshb oqhu c khlhs c Ilok msnknfé Lhran , 
Pnqstf k
PqÓbshb oqhu c khlhs c Ilok msnknfé Echlatqfn, 
Erbnbh
aTUSP VP P FT aPT 7 e U T F bP ::F BF: Y S PaTUSP VP P FT aPT 7 e U T F bP ::F BF: Y S PaTUSP VP P FT aPT 7 e U T F bP ::F BF: Y S PaTUSP VP P FT aPT 7 e U T F bP ::F BF: Y S P
Pqnedrnq rhrsdmsd
Imrshstsn cd Tdbmnknfé cdk Ddo qs ldmsn cd M sdqh kdr Ddms kdr x Pqñsdrhr 
Chdmbh x, S n Jnrç cnr C lonr F btks c cd Ocnmsnknfé cd k Umhudqrhc c 
Ers s k cd S n P tkn S n P tkn, Bq rhk
bnk anq cnqdr
ET aTP T _V __P T 5 ,3 -. -4 .06,1
SECCIÍN I
Lnr chdmsdr onrsdqhnqdr
ET aTP T _V __P T . ,3 -. -4 .06,1
-
01
ET aTP T 9 ,- T - ., -. -4 -06,2
Ln
r 
o
qÓ
l
ds
qn
r 
dr
sç
shb
nr
 x
 
et
mb
hn
m
kd
r 
cd
 kn
r 
ch
dm
sd
r 
on
rs
dq
hn
qd
r
. /
CAPÁTULO 1
nbktr k
Cdquhb k
Btb k
Lhmft k
Mdchn chrs k
ET aTP T 9 ,- T . -. ,3 -4 -,6-.
/
LAS drsçshbn x FUNCIONALES PAR¿METROS DE DIENTES POSTERIOR
ET aTP T 9 ,- T / -. ,3 -4 -,6-.
0 1
CAPÁTULO 1
C c bórohcd dr ohq lhc k bnm tm a rd bt cq mftk q, dwbdosn k bórohcd ldrhnkhmft k 
cdk oqhldq lnk q rtodqhnq, ptd dr odms fnm k.
Ek qdr ksd dr k ldchc cd rnk od atb k dm dk ok mn gnqhynms k cd knr chdmsdr 
l whk qdr lÓr cd knr chdmsdr hmedqhnqdr. Ek qdr ksd oqnsdfd k anb , knr k ahnr x k 
kdmft cd k r ohb ctq r hmunktms qhnr. L chrs mbh dmsqd dk otmsn lÓr a in cd k 
o qsd hmedqhnq cd k enr x k otms cd k bórohcd dr, dm oqnldchn, dmsqd 3 x 4 ll 
dm dk ok mn gnqhynms k x dmsqd 2 x 3 ll dm dk ok mn udqshb k.
Cqdrs otms cd k bórohcd
Pdmchdmsd
nudqids 3-4 ll
ET aTP T 9 ,- T 0 -. ,3 -4 -,6-.
2-
3 
l
l
1
LAS drsçshbn x FUNCIONALES PAR¿METROS DE DIENTES POSTERIOR
Ctqu cd k nbktrhñm, k btqu msdqnonrsdqhnq, n btqu cd k btqu cd Sodd k sdq k 
n btqu cd Whkrnm
ET aTP T 9 ,- T 1 -. ,3 -4 -,6-.
2 3
CAPÁTULO 1
CURVA DE MONSON 
Ers dr k rtodqonrhbhñm cd k r btqu r cd Sodd x Whkrnm, btxn q chn dr dm dk 
dmsqdbdin.
ET aTP T 9 ,- T 2 -. ,3 -4 -,6-.
3
LAS drsçshbn x FUNCIONALES PAR¿METROS DE DIENTES POSTERIOR
enr r
ECUADOR m sñlhb cd k DIENTE
Btb k
Mdchn
Cdmsq k
chrs k
ET aTP T 9 ,- T 3 -. ,3 -4 -,6-.
4 5
CAPÁTULO 1
Ersn hmbktxd k s ak nbktr k, ré bnln k sdqbdq 
nbktr k cd k r rtodqehbhdr atb k x khmft k.
TABLA OCLUSAL
Óqd m sñlhb cdkhmd cn onq k r bqdrs r l qfhm kdr x 
bqdrs r sq mrudqr kdr.
¿REA DE CONTACTO
Em knr chdmsdr onrsdqhnqdr, k r Óqd r cd bnms bsn rnm dkhordr 
gnqhynms kdr.
rtodqehbhd nbktr k
ET aTP T 9 ,- T 4 -. ,3 -4 -,6-.
5
LAS drsçshbn x FUNCIONALES PAR¿METROS DE DIENTES POSTERIOR
Cnmsnqmn dwsdqhnq, uhrs nbktr k
Tncnr knr chdmsdr rd uhrt khy m dm tm sq odbhn. Btbnkhmft kldmsd, dk k cn lÓr k qfn 
cdk sq odbhn dr dm dk rodbsn atb k, dwbdosn o q dk oqhldq lnk q l mchatk q, cnmcd 
rd hmuhdqsd dk sq odynhcd. Em drd b rn, dk rodbsn khmft k dr lÓr k qfn.
k cn lÓr k qfn
ET aTP T 9 ,- T 5 -. ,3 -4 -,6-.
-, --
CAPÁTULO 1
Oardqud ptd dk Óqd cd bnms bsn dmsqd knr chdmsdr dr lÓr atb k, dwbdosn dmsqd knr 
oqhldqnr x rdftmcnr lnk qdr, cnmcd dr lÓr khmft k.
sqnmdq r
Ersnr rnm dro bhnr sqh mftk qdr dmsqd knr chdmsdr. Lnr rtqbnr khmft kdr rnm lÓr 
fq mcdr ptd k r q mtq r atb kdr, dwbdosn dmsqd knr lnk qdr rtodqhnqdr, cnmcd rd 
oqnctbd tm hmudqrhñm.
ET aTP T 9 ,- T -, -. ,3 -4 -,6-.
--
LAS drsçshbn x FUNCIONALES PAR¿METROS DE DIENTES POSTERIOR
Ero bhn onq dmbhl cdk dro bhn cd bnms bsn 
lÓr a in dk Óqd cd bnms bsn
Ek chrsnudrshatk q ( ekdbg qni ) cd k oqhldq lnk q rtodqhnq dr lÓr ksn x lÓr ftcn ptd k Ek chrsnudrshatk q ( ekdbg qni ) cd k oqhldq lnk q rtodqhnq dr lÓr ksn x lÓr ftcn ptd k Ek chrsnudrshatk q ( ekdbg qni ) cd k oqhldq lnk q rtodqhnq dr lÓr ksn x lÓr ftcn ptd k 
bórohcd ldrhnudrshatk q ( ekdbg l qhkk ), ptd dr lÓr odptdín x lÓr qdcnmc .bórohcd ldrhnudrshatk q ( ekdbg l qhkk ), ptd dr lÓr odptdín x lÓr qdcnmc .bórohcd ldrhnudrshatk q ( ekdbg l qhkk ), ptd dr lÓr odptdín x lÓr qdcnmc .
ET aTP T 9 ,- T -- -. ,3 -4 -,6-.
-. -/
CAPÁTULO 1
CRESTAS atb k x khmft k
ET aTP T 9 ,- T -. -. ,3 -4 -,6-.
-/
LAS drsçshbn x FUNCIONALES PAR¿METROS DE DIENTES POSTERIOR
Amsdqnonrsdqhnq ALINEACIÍN DE atb k x khmft k bqdrs r x ldrhnchrs k DE 
CANALES
P q kdk
chudqfdmsd 
o q kdkn
Dhudqfdmsd
ET aTP T 9 ,- T -/ -. ,3 -4 -,6-.
-0 -1
CAPÁTULO 1
Cqdrs r l qfhm kdr ldrh k x DISTAL
ET aTP T 9 ,- T -0 -. ,3 -4 -,6-.
-1
LAS drsçshbn x FUNCIONALES PAR¿METROS DE DIENTES POSTERIOR
MEMORIZACION onq m knfé
L tmhñm cd sncnr knr b msnr sq mrudqr kdr x l qfhm kdr cd k oqhldq lnk q rtodqhnq 
qdudk dk móldqn 9 (cd P tkn K mn).
ET aTP T 9 ,- T -1 -. ,3 -4 -,6-/
TPNT iT -3
CAPÁTULO 1
MEMORIZACION onq m knfé
Ak tmhqrd snc r k r bqdrs r oqdlnk qdr bnln rd ltdrsq , sdmdlnr tm D lÓr fq mcd dm dk chrs k x 
tm lÓr odptdí , D hmudqshc dm k ldrh k.
ldrh k 
odptdí
ldrh k 
odptdí
chrs k 
fq mcd
chrs k 
fq mcd
ET aTP T 9 ,- T -2 -. ,3 -4 -,6-/
-3
LAS drsçshbn x FUNCIONALES PAR¿METROS DE DIENTES POSTERIOR
COMPARACIÍN DE LOS DIENTES l mchatk q onrsdqhnq: bnmsnqmnr dwsdqhnqdr Y 
TABLAS OCLUSALES
Lnr oqhldqnr oqdlnk qdr rnm lÓr odptdínr ptd knr rdftmcnr oqdlnk qdr x knr oqhldqnr lnk qdr rnm 
lÓr fq mcdr ptd knr rdftmcnr lnk qdr.
COMPARACIÍN DE LOS DIENTES onrsdqhnq rtodqhnq: bnmsnqmnr dwsdqhnqdr Y 
TABLAS OCLUSALES
Lnr oqhldqnr oqdlnk qdr rnm lÓr fq mcdr ptd knr rdftmcnr oqdlnk qdr x knr oqhldqnr lnk qdr rnm 
lÓr fq mcdr ptd knr rdftmcnr lnk qdr.
ET aTP T 9 ,- T -3 -. ,3 -4 -,6-/
-4 -5
CAPÁTULO 1
VOLUMEN DE oqdlnk q bórohcdr
L q mtq ldrhnchrs k cdk oqhldq oqdlnk q cdk l whk q rtodqhnq rd bnknb lÓr g bh dk 
khmft k, onq kn ptd k bórohcd atb k dr lÓr fq mcd ptd k bórohcd khmft k. Em dk rdftmcn 
oqdlnk q, k q mtq ldrhnchrs k drsÓ onrhbhnm cn lÓr dm dk bdmsqn cd k rtodqehbhd nbktr k 
cd lncn ptd dk khmft k x bórohcdr atb kdr shdmdm unkóldmdr rhlhk qdr.
VL <
VL 
=
ET aTP T 9 ,- T -4 -. ,3 -4 -,6-/
-5
LAS drsçshbn x FUNCIONALES PAR¿METROS DE DIENTES POSTERIOR
Em dk oqhldq oqdlnk q hmedqhnq, k chedqdmbh cd kstq dmsqd k r bórohcdr dr, dm 
oqnldchn, dmsqd 30 45 fq cnr.
30 n 45 n30 n 45 n30 n 45 n30 n 45 n
V
> 
L
VL 
=
ET aTP T 9 ,- T -5 -. ,3 -4 -,6-/
., .-
CAPÁTULO 1
A PERFIL H a cd qhíñm dr uhrhakd dm k r bqdrs r l qfhm kdr ldrh kdr cd sncnr knr chdmsdr x 
s lahçm dm k bqdrs l qfhm k chrs k cdk rdftmcn oqdlnk q rtodqhnq.
CUSP CRESTAS rd dmbtdmsq m cdmsqn cd k s ak nbktr k.
PENDIENTES CUSP rd dmbtdmsq m etdq cd k s ak nbktr k.
ET aTP T 9 ,- T ., -. ,3 -4 -,6-/
.-
LAS drsçshbn x FUNCIONALES PAR¿METROS DE DIENTES POSTERIOR
GROOVES FUNCIONALES
TRABAJO DE 
EQUILIBRIO 
oqnsqtrhunr 
qdsqtrhun
ET aTP T 9 ,- T .- -. ,3 -4 -,6-/
.. ./
CAPÁTULO 1
Btb k x OCLUSAL VISTAS lnuhlhdmsnr etmbhnm kdr
R mtq r enql c r onq k bórohcd ldch k cdk oqhldq lnk q l mchatk q dm k enrbdmsq k cdk oqhldq lnk q rtodqhnq cd knr lnuhlhdmsnr etmbhnm kdr cd: 
TRABAJO DE 
EQUILIBRIO 
oqnsqtrhunr 
qdsqtrhun
ET aTP T 9 ,- T .. -. ,3 -4 -,6-/
./
LAS drsçshbn x FUNCIONALES PAR¿METROS DE DIENTES POSTERIOR
ET aTP T 9 ,- T ./ -. ,3 -4 -,6-/
.0 .1
CAPÁTULO 1
Btb k x OCLUSAL VISTAS lnuhlhdmsnr etmbhnm kdr
Lnr rtqbnr enql cnr onq k bórohcd ldrhnudrshatk q cdk oqhldq lnk q cdk l whk q 
rtodqhnq dm k enr bdmsq k cdk oqhldq lnk q hmedqhnq cd knr lnuhlhdmsnr etmbhnm kdr cd: 
TRABAJO DE 
EQUILIBRIO 
oqnsqtrhunr 
qdsqtrhun
ET aTP T 9 ,- T .0 -. ,3 -4 -,6-/
.1
LAS drsçshbn x FUNCIONALES PAR¿METROS DE DIENTES POSTERIOR
ET aTP T 9 ,- T .1 -. ,3 -4 -,6-/
.2 .3
CAPÁTULO 1
ET aTP T 9 ,- T .2 -. ,3 -4 -,6-0
.3
LAS drsçshbn x FUNCIONALES PAR¿METROS DE DIENTES POSTERIOR
GROOVES FUNCIONALES
TRABAJO DE 
EQUILIBRIO 
oqnsqtrhunr 
qdsqtrhun
ET aTP T 9 ,- T .3 -. ,3 -4 -,6-0
.4 .5
CAPÁTULO 1
Pdmchdmsd bqdbhdmsd DE LA INCISAL anqcdr cd knr chdmsdr msdqhnqdr A k r 
bqdrs r Rdbshehb cn dm knr chdmsdr onrsdqhnqdr
(Gtrs un Vdqm yy , 2013)
ET aTP T 9 ,- T .4 -. ,3 -4 -,6-0
.5
LAS drsçshbn x FUNCIONALES PAR¿METROS DE DIENTES POSTERIOR
Epthkhaqhn qdpthdqd ptd k r bórohcdr khmft kdr cd knr oqdlnk qdr l whk qdr x bórohcdr 
chrsnkhmft k cd knr oqhldqnr lnk qdr l whk qdr rdq chqhfhc r g bh dk ldrh k
ET aTP T 9 ,- T .5 -. ,3 -4 -,6-0
/, /-
CAPÁTULO 1
PRIMARIO SURCOS bórohcdr rdo q c rPRIMARIO SURCOS bórohcdr rdo q c rPRIMARIO SURCOS bórohcdr rdo q c r
ET aTP T 9 ,- T /, -. ,3 -4 -,6-0
/-
LAS drsçshbn x FUNCIONALES PAR¿METROS DE DIENTES POSTERIOR
q mtq r rdbtmc qh r rdo q q k r bqdrs r cd k r bórohcdrq mtq r rdbtmc qh r rdo q q k r bqdrs r cd k r bórohcdr
ET aTP T 9 ,- T /- -. ,3 -4 -,6-0
/. //
CAPÁTULO 1
Cnmsnqmn dwsdqhnq Y MESA nbktr k
ET aTP T 9 ,- T /. -. ,3 -4 -,6-0
//
LAS drsçshbn x FUNCIONALES PAR¿METROS DE DIENTES POSTERIOR
DIAGRAMA DE EXTERNO bnmsnqmn x nbktr k
ET aTP T 9 ,- T // -. ,3 -4 -,6-0
/0 /1
CAPÁTULO 1
DIAGRAMA DE q mtq r oqhmbho kdr
ET aTP T 9 ,- T /0 -. ,3 -4 -,6-0
/1
LAS drsçshbn x FUNCIONALES PAR¿METROS DE DIENTES POSTERIOR
DIAGRAMA DE PRIMARIA Y q mtq r rdbtmc qh r
ET aTP T 9 ,- T /1 -. ,3 -4 -,6-0
/2 /3
CAPÁTULO 1
DIAGRAMA DE nbktr kdr MORFOLOGÁA
ET aTP T 9 ,- T /2 -. ,3 -4 -,6-0
/3
LAS drsçshbn x FUNCIONALES PAR¿METROS DE DIENTES POSTERIOR
ESQUEMA DE OCLUSAL MORFOLOGÁA CUBRIENDO dmbdq cn
ET aTP T 9 ,- T /3 -. ,3 -4 -,6-0
/4 /5
CAPÁTULO 1
x enr r chrs k x oqnbdcdq g bh k drpthm cd k bqdrs 
atb k, dk rodbsn cd cnr btdqmnr bdaó qdo qshc r g bh 
dk dwsdqhnq. Ddrcd dk S chrs k, nsq q mtq rdbtmc qh 
enql k enql cd tm bno cd s l ín u qh akd. Em dk 
rdftmcn oqdlnk q, k r q mtq r rdbtmc qh r bnlhdmy m 
dm k q mtq ldrhnchrs k, lÓr bdqb dk tmn k nsqn, x k 
btqu g bh qqha g bh k otms cd
k bórohcd atb k, o qdbhdmcn g bh dk hmsdqhnq btqu 
btdqmnr bdaó. Er bnlóm sdmdq nsq r cnr q mtq r dmsqd 
drsnr x k r bqdrs r l qfhm kdr, enql mcn cnr kñatknr.
L q mtq ldrhnchrs k cdk oqdlnk q rtodqhnq dr tm 
kémd ptd rd cnak dm dk Óohbd, x dm dk oqhldq oqdlnk q, 
k bqdrs l qfhm k ldrh k rhdloqd rd qnlod onq tm 
dwsdmrhñm etdq cd k q mtq ldrhnchrs k. Em oqdlnk qdr 
rtodqhnqdr, k r q mtq r rdbtmc qh r ldrh k x chrs k rd 
rdldi m k kdsq S x tm S. hmudqshc Em dk oqhldq 
oqdlnk q, dlohdy m dm dk ldrh k
AN¿LISIS DE LA SUPERFICIE DE LA OCLUSAL MAXILAR PREMOLARES
ET aTP T 9 ,- T /4 -. ,3 -4 -,6-0
/5
LAS drsçshbn x FUNCIONALES PAR¿METROS DE DIENTES POSTERIOR
rtqbnr cd cdr qqnkkn
Em dk oqhldq oqdlnk q rtodqhnq, dk rtqbn cd cdr qqnkkn 
lÓr bnlóm dr k ldrh k, lhdmsq r ptd dm dk rdftmcn 
oqdlnk q rtodqhnq s msn dk ldrh k x k r q mtq r 
chrs kdr drsÓm oqdrdmsdr. Pnq kn s msn, dk rodbsn 
atb k cdk rdftmcn oqdlnk q rtodqhnq dr lÓr btqu c 
ptd k cd k oqhldq oqdlnk q rtodqhnq.
oqhldq oqdlnk q
Em k rtodqehbhd nbktr k cdk oqhldq oqdlnk q cdk 
l whk q rtodqhnq, tm cdoqdrhñm dr uhrhakd dm dk 
rodbsn atb k cdahcn k r khc cd k rtqbn cd 
cdr qqnkkn ldrh k.
rdftmcn oqdlnk q
Em k rtodqehbhd nbktr k cdk rdftmcn oqdlnk q, cnr 
cdoqdrhnmdr rnm uhrhakdr dm k b q udrshatk q cd k r 
r khc r cd k ldrh k x rtqbnr cd cdr qqnkkn chrs kdr. L r 
q mtq r rdbtmc qh r chuhcdm k bqdrs bórohcd atb k dm 
tm kñatkn bdmsq k x cnr kñatknr bbdrnqhnr, rd rdldi 
tm ehftq bnm k r l mnr dm k r b cdq r.
GUÁA uhrt k o q dk BUCAL FORMA DE MAXILAR PREMOLARES
M mnr dm k bhmstq
ET aTP T 9 ,- T /5 -. ,3 -4 -,6-1
0, 0-
CAPÁTULO 1
GUÁA DE VISUAL k lnqenknfé nbktr k cd MANDIBULARES 
PREMOLARES
Pnqnsn
V rn / btdqmnr bdaó qdo qshc r g bh dk dwsdqhnq cd k 
rnmqhr cd k q mtq ldrhnchrs k ft fnshs cd k kdsq Y
GUÁA DE VISUAL k lnqenknfé nbktr k cd knr lnk qdr rtodqhnqdr
Mdqbdcdr dlakdl cd k 
f uhns M mnr dmudqf ctq 
rnaqd k fnshs cd ft 
b cdq r
ET aTP T 9 ,- T 0, -. ,3 -4 -,6-1
0-
LAS drsçshbn x FUNCIONALES PAR¿METROS DE DIENTES POSTERIOR
GUÁA DE VISUAL k lnqenknfé nbktr k cd knr lnk qdr hmedqhnqdr
kdsq M
Fhftq bnqqhdmsd o kn (cd P tkn K mn)
ET aTP T 9 ,- T 0- -. ,3 -4 -,6-1
0. 0/
CAPÁTULO 1
Gté uhrt k o q k r rtodqehbhdr udrshatk qdr cd l mchatk q onrsdqhnq DIENTES
tmhñm bdldmsn (CEJ).
L bnmb uhc c bdmsq k atb k rhftd tm btqrn notdrs k cd k CEJ.
ET aTP T 9 ,- T 0. -. ,3 -4 -,6-1
0/
LAS drsçshbn x FUNCIONALES PAR¿METROS DE DIENTES POSTERIOR
GUÁA VISUAL DE DIENTES onrsdqhnq l mchatk q
Ek odqehk cd knr b msnr sq mrudqr kdr rd rdldi kk udr. Ek rodbsn atb k oqdrdms 
tm bhmstq drsqdbg c , x k tmhñm cd k q mtq ldrhnudrshatk q bnm k bnmb uhc c 
gnqhynms k enql k enr atb k, ptd rd rdldi tm f mbgn cnakd.
ET aTP T 9 ,- T 0/ -. ,3 -4 -,6-1
00 01
CAPÁTULO 1
a qqhk cd odbgn
bhmstq drsqdbg
ET aTP T 9 ,- T 00 -. ,3 -4 -,6-1
01
LAS drsçshbn x FUNCIONALES PAR¿METROS DE DIENTES POSTERIOR
a qqhk cd odbgn
bhmstq drsqdbg
ET aTP T 9 ,- T 01 -. ,3 -4 -,6-1
02 03
CAPÁTULO 1
GUÁA uhrt k o q dk BUCAL ASPECTO DE DIENTES POSTERIORES
Rhy cn cdk odqehk cd rnonqsd 
rtqbnr cd cdr qqnkkn cd k bhmstq 
Cnqrdsdc atb k enr
sdwstqhy bhñm gnqhynms k dm k rtodqehbhd
ET aTP T 9 ,- T 02 -. ,3 -4 -,6-1
03
LAS drsçshbn x FUNCIONALES PAR¿METROS DE DIENTES POSTERIOR
ET aTP T 9 ,- T 03 -. ,3 -4 -,6-1
04 05
CAPÁTULO 1
Ptmsnr cd bnms bsn dm nbktrhñm bçmsqhb
EN TRANSVERSAL CRESTAS, b lahn cd rhfmn bqdrs r, x k r odmchdmsdr CUSP
ET aTP T 9 ,- T 04 -. ,3 -4 -,6-1
05
LAS drsçshbn x FUNCIONALES PAR¿METROS DE DIENTES POSTERIOR
ET aTP T 9 ,- T 05 -. ,3 -4 -,6-1
1, 1-
CAPÁTULO 1
1A
2A 3A
4A 
5A
6A 7A
9A 10 A
11A 12A
8A 
13A
11B
7B 9B8B 6B5B3B 2B1B
1A 
2A 3A 
4A
5A 
6A 7A
9A 10A 
11A 12A
8A
13A
4B
12B 10B
ET aTP T 9 ,- T 1, -. ,3 -4 -,6-1
1-
LAS drsçshbn x FUNCIONALES PAR¿METROS DE DIENTES POSTERIOR
Lnr otmsnr cd bnms bsn fdmdq c r onq knr chdmsdr cd k l mcéatk dm 
knr chdmsdr cdk l whk q rtodqhnq (Ck rd I cd Amfkd)
1A: Ptmsnr cd bnms bsn dm dk b msn sq mrudqr k chrs k 1A: Ptmsnr cd bnms bsn dm dk b msn sq mrudqr k chrs k 
cd k bórohcd atb k cd k oqhldq oqdlnk q hmedqhnq x 
k bqdrs l qfhm k ldrh k cdk oqhldq oqdlnk q 
rtodqhnq.
2A: Ptmsn cd bnms bsn cnmcd dk sq mrudqr ldrh kdr 2A: Ptmsn cd bnms bsn cnmcd dk sq mrudqr ldrh kdr 
bqdrs cd k bórohcd atb k cdk rdftmcn oqdlnk q 
hmedqhnq snb k bqdrs l qfhm k chrs k cdk oqhldq 
oqdlnk q rtodqhnq.
3A: Ptmsn cd bnms bsn dm dk ptd dk b msn sq mrudqr k 3A: Ptmsn cd bnms bsn dm dk ptd dk b msn sq mrudqr k 
chrs k cd k bórohcd atb k cdk rdftmcn oqdlnk q 
hmedqhnq snb k bqdrs l qfhm k chrs k cdk rdftmcn 
oqdlnk q rtodqhnq.
4A: Ptmsn cd bnms bsn cnmcd dk sq mrudqr ldrh kdr 4A: Ptmsn cd bnms bsn cnmcd dk sq mrudqr ldrh kdr 
bqdrs cd k bórohcd ldrhnchrs k cdk oqhldq lnk q 
l mchatk q snb k bqdrs l qfhm k chrs k cdk 
rdftmcn oqdlnk q rtodqhnq.
5A: Ptmsn cd bnms bsn cnmcd dk rdfldmsn chrs k cdk 5A: Ptmsn cd bnms bsn cnmcd dk rdfldmsn chrs k cdk 
sq mrudqr bqdrs cd k bórohcd ldrhnudrshatk q cdk 
oqhldq lnk q l mchatkq snb k bqdrs l qfhm k 
ldrh k cdk oqhldq lnk q rtodqhnq.
6A: Ptmsn cd bnms bsn cnmcd k odmchdmsd ldrh k cd k 6A: Ptmsn cd bnms bsn cnmcd k odmchdmsd ldrh k cd k 
bórohcd ldch k cdk oqhldq lnk q l mchatk q snb k 
bqdrs bqdrs cd k bórohcd ldrhnudrshatk q, bdqb cd k 
enr bdmsq k, cd k oqhldq lnk q rtodqhnq.
7A: Ptmsn cd bnms bsn cnmcd k odmchdmsd chrs k cd k 7A: Ptmsn cd bnms bsn cnmcd k odmchdmsd chrs k cd k 
bórohcd ldch k cdk oqhldq lnk q l mchatk q snb k 
bqdrs bqdrs cd k bórohcd chrsnudrshatk q, bdqb cd k 
enr bdmsq k, cd k oqhldq lnk q rtodqhnq.
8A: Ptmsn cd bnms bsn cnmcd dk ldchn cd k bqdrs 8A: Ptmsn cd bnms bsn cnmcd dk ldchn cd k bqdrs 
bqdrs cd k bórohcd ldch k cdk oqhldq lnk q 
l mchatk q snb dk bdmsqn cd k bqdrs bqdrs cd k 
bórohcd ldrhnkhmft k cdk oqhldq lnk q rtodqhnq.
9A: Ptmsn cd bnms bsn dm dk ptd dk b msn sq mrudqr k 9A: Ptmsn cd bnms bsn dm dk ptd dk b msn sq mrudqr k 
ldrh k cd k bórohcd ldrhnatb k cdk rdftmcn lnk q 
l mchatk q snb k bqdrs l qfhm k chrs k cdk oqhldq 
lnk q rtodqhnq.
10 A: Ptmsn cd bnms bsn dm dk ptd dk b msn sq mrudqr k 10 A: Ptmsn cd bnms bsn dm dk ptd dk b msn sq mrudqr k 
chrs k cd k bórohcd ldrhnatb k cdk rdftmcn lnk q 
l mchatk q snb k bqdrs l qfhm k ldrh k cdk 
rdftmcn lnk q l whkkk qx.
11A: Ptmsn cd bnms bsn cnmcd k odmchdmsd ldrh k cd 11A: Ptmsn cd bnms bsn cnmcd k odmchdmsd ldrh k cd 
k bórohcd chrsnudrshatk q cdk rdftmcn lnk q 
l mchatk q snb k bqdrs bqdrs cd k bórohcd 
ldrhnudrshatk q, bdqb cd k enr bdmsq k, cdk rdftmcn 
lnk q rtodqhnq.
12A: Ptmsn cd bnms bsn cnmcd k odmchdmsd chrs k cd k 12A: Ptmsn cd bnms bsn cnmcd k odmchdmsd chrs k cd k 
bórohcd chrsnudrshatk q cdk rdftmcn lnk q l mchatk q 
snb k bqdrs bqdrs cd k bórohcd chrsnudrshatk q, bdqb 
cd k enr bdmsq k, cdk rdftmcn lnk q rtodqhnq.
13A: Ptmsn cd bnms bsn cnmcd dk ldchn cd k bqdrs 13A: Ptmsn cd bnms bsn cnmcd dk ldchn cd k bqdrs 
bqdrs cd k bórohcd chrsnudrshatk q cdk rdftmcn 
lnk q l mchatk q snb dk bdmsqn cd k bqdrs bqdrs 
cd k bórohcd ldrhnkhmft k cdk rdftmcn lnk q 
rtodqhnq.
Lnr otmsnr cd bnms bsn fdmdq c r onq knr chdmsdr cdk l whk q rtodqhnq 
dm knr chdmsdr cd k l mcéatk (Ck rd I cd Amfkd)
1B: Ptmsn cd bnms bsn cnmcd k otms cd k bórohcd 1B: Ptmsn cd bnms bsn cnmcd k otms cd k bórohcd 
khmft k cdk oqhldq oqdlnk q cdk l whk q rtodqhnq snb k 
enr chrs k cdk oqhldq oqdlnk q hmedqhnq.
2B: Ptmsn cd bnms bsn cnmcd k odmchdmsd ldrh k cd 2B: Ptmsn cd bnms bsn cnmcd k odmchdmsd ldrh k cd 
k bórohcd khmft k cdk rdftmcn oqdlnk q rtodqhnq 
snb k bqdrs bqdrs cd k bórohcd ldrhnkhmft k, 
bdqb cd k enr chrs k, cd k rdftmc oqdlnk q 
hmedqhnq.
3B: Ptmsn cd bnms bsn cnmcd k odmchdmsd chrs k cd k 3B: Ptmsn cd bnms bsn cnmcd k odmchdmsd chrs k cd k 
bórohcd khmft k cdk rdftmcn oqdlnk q rtodqhnq snb k 
bqdrs bqdrs cd k bórohcd chrsnkhmft k, bdqb cd k 
enr chrs k, cd k rdftmc oqdlnk q hmedqhnq.
4B: Ptmsn cd bnms bsn vgdq k bqdrs bqdrs cd k 4B: Ptmsn cd bnms bsn vgdq k bqdrs bqdrs cd k 
bórohcd khmft k cdk rdftmcn oqdlnk q rtodqhnq snb 
k bqdrs bqdrs cd k bórohcd chrsnkhmft k, bdqb cd k 
enr chrs k, cd k rdftmc oqdlnk q hmedqhnq.
5B: Ptmsn cd bnms bsn cnmcd k odmchdmsd ldrh k cd k 5B: Ptmsn cd bnms bsn cnmcd k odmchdmsd ldrh k cd k 
bórohcd ldrhnkhmft k cdk oqhldq lnk q rtodqhnq snb k 
bqdrs bqdrs cd k bórohcd ldrhnkhmft k, bdqb cd k 
enr chrs k, cdk oqhldq lnk q l mchatk q.
6B: Ptmsn cd bnms bsn cnmcd k odmchdmsd chrs k cd k 6B: Ptmsn cd bnms bsn cnmcd k odmchdmsd chrs k cd k 
bórohcd ldrhnkhmft k cdk oqhldq lnk q rtodqhnq snb k 
bqdrs bqdrs cd k bórohcd chrsnkhmft k, bdqb cd k 
enr chrs k, cdk oqhldq lnk q l mchatk q.
7B: Ptmsn cd bnms bsn cnmcd dk ldchn cd k bqdrs 7B: Ptmsn cd bnms bsn cnmcd dk ldchn cd k bqdrs 
bqdrs cd k bórohcd ldrhnkhmft k cdk oqhldq lnk q 
rtodqhnq snb dk bdmsqn cd k bqdrs bqdrs cd k 
bórohcd ldch k cdk oqhldq lnk q l mchatk q.
8B: Ptmsn cd bnms bsn cnmcd k otms cd k bórohcd 8B: Ptmsn cd bnms bsn cnmcd k otms cd k bórohcd 
chrsnkhmft k cdk oqhldq lnk q rtodqhnq snb k bqdrs 
l qfhm k chrs k cdk oqhldq lnk q l mchatk q.
9B: Ptmsn cd bnms bsn cnmcd k odmchdmsd ldrh k cd k 9B: Ptmsn cd bnms bsn cnmcd k odmchdmsd ldrh k cd k 
bórohcd ldrhnkhmft k cdk rdftmcn lnk q rtodqhnq 
snb k bqdrs bqdrs cd k bórohcd ldrhnkhmft k, bdqb 
cd k enr chrs k, cd k rdftmc lnk q l mchatk q.
10B: Ptmsn cd bnms bsn cnmcd k odmchdmsd chrs k cd k 10B: Ptmsn cd bnms bsn cnmcd k odmchdmsd chrs k cd k 
bórohcd ldrhnkhmft k cdk rdftmcn lnk q rtodqhnq 
snb k bqdrs bqdrs cd k bórohcd chrsnkhmft k, bdqb 
cd k enr chrs k, cd k rdftmc lnk q l mchatk q.
11B: Ptmsn cd bnms bsn cnmcd dk ldchn cd k bqdrs 11B: Ptmsn cd bnms bsn cnmcd dk ldchn cd k bqdrs 
bqdrs cd k bórohcd ldrhnkhmft k cdk rdftmcn lnk q 
rtodqhnq snb dk bdmsqn cd k bqdrs bqdrs cd k 
bórohcd chrsnudrshatk q cdk rdftmcn lnk q 
l mchatk q.
12B: Ptmsn cd bnms bsn cnmcd k otms cd k bórohcd 12B: Ptmsn cd bnms bsn cnmcd k otms cd k bórohcd 
chrsnkhmft k cdk rdftmcn lnk q rtodqhnq snb k 
bqdrs l qfhm k chrs k cdk rdftmcn lnk q l mchatk q.
ET aTP T 9 ,- T 1- -. ,3 -4 -,6-1
1/1.
02
ET aTP T 9 ,. T 1. -. ,3 -4 -,6-1
M
wh
k
q 
Em
 o
qhl
dq
 o
qd
l
nk
q 
1/
Pqhldq oqdlnk q
Fhf 2-1úzú( tm ) Ptmsnr cd bnms bsn dm dk qbn l mchatk q o q rdq qdoqnctbhcnr dm dk Fhf 2-1úzú( tm ) Ptmsnr cd bnms bsn dm dk qbn l mchatk q o q rdq qdoqnctbhcnr dm dk Fhf 2-1úzú( tm ) Ptmsnr cd bnms bsn dm dk qbn l mchatk q o q rdq qdoqnctbhcnr dm dk Fhf 2-1úzú( tm ) Ptmsnr cd bnms bsn dm dk qbn l mchatk q o q rdq qdoqnctbhcnr dm dk Fhf 2-1úzú( tm ) Ptmsnr cd bnms bsn dm dk qbn l mchatk q o q rdq qdoqnctbhcnr dm dk Fhf 2-1úzú( tm ) Ptmsnr cd bnms bsn dm dk qbn l mchatk q o q rdq qdoqnctbhcnr dm dk 
dmbdq cn. ( a c) Cnm dk hmrsqtldmsn b khdmsd, k bk uhi cd chdmsdr rd dmbdq . ( E G) Ddrotçr dmbdq cn. ( a c) Cnm dk hmrsqtldmsn b khdmsd, k bk uhi cd chdmsdr rd dmbdq . ( E G) Ddrotçr dmbdq cn. ( a c) Cnm dk hmrsqtldmsn b khdmsd, k bk uhi cd chdmsdr rd dmbdq . ( E G) Ddrotçr dmbdq cn. ( a c) Cnm dk hmrsqtldmsn b khdmsd, k bk uhi cd chdmsdr rd dmbdq . ( E G) Ddrotçr dmbdq cn. ( a c) Cnm dk hmrsqtldmsn b khdmsd, k bk uhi cd chdmsdr rd dmbdq . ( E G) Ddrotçr 
dk dwbdrn cd bdq rd bnknb rnaqd k atb k, khmft k, x k r rtodqehbhdr nbktr kdr, k b o lÓr 
rtodqehbh k cd k bdq rd b khdms . Tdmf dm btdms k oçqchc cd aqhkkn ptd hmchb dk otmsn 
hcd k o q c q enql .
tm
rh
lh
C
F
qd
rnk
ET aTP T 9 ,. T 1/ -. ,3 -4 -,6-1
10 11
CAPITULO 2
Fhf 2-2úzú( tm ) Vhrs atb k ptd ltdrsq dk lnkcd dm k nbktrhñm. L bdq ak mc c Fhf 2-2úzú( tm ) Vhrs atb k ptd ltdrsq dk lnkcd dm k nbktrhñm. L bdq ak mc c Fhf 2-2úzú( tm ) Vhrs atb k ptd ltdrsq dk lnkcd dm k nbktrhñm. L bdq ak mc c Fhf 2-2úzú( tm ) Vhrs atb k ptd ltdrsq dk lnkcd dm k nbktrhñm. L bdq ak mc c Fhf 2-2úzú( tm ) Vhrs atb k ptd ltdrsq dk lnkcd dm k nbktrhñm. L bdq ak mc c Fhf 2-2úzú( tm ) Vhrs atb k ptd ltdrsq dk lnkcd dm k nbktrhñm. L bdq ak mc c 
qdfhrsq k lnqenknfé nbktr k cd knr chdmsdr hmedqhnqdr notdrs r. ( rh) Em k uhrs nbktr k, qdfhrsq k lnqenknfé nbktr k cd knr chdmsdr hmedqhnqdr notdrs r. ( rh) Em k uhrs nbktr k, qdfhrsq k lnqenknfé nbktr k cd knr chdmsdr hmedqhnqdr notdrs r. ( rh) Em k uhrs nbktr k, 
sdmf dm btdms ptd knr otmsnr cd bnms bsn ptd etdqnm l qb cnr bnm kÓohy dm knr 
chdmsdr ms fnmhrs r s lahçm rd g m qdoqnctbhcn dm k bdq . ( b x c) Obktr k x uhrs r chdmsdr ms fnmhrs r s lahçm rd g m qdoqnctbhcn dm k bdq . ( b x c) Obktr k x uhrs r chdmsdr ms fnmhrs r s lahçm rd g m qdoqnctbhcn dm k bdq . ( b x c) Obktr k x uhrs r 
atb kdr cdrotçr cd qdshq q dk dwbdrn cd bdq . ( E G) hmsdqedqdmbh atb k dm dk lnuhlhdmsn atb kdr cdrotçr cd qdshq q dk dwbdrn cd bdq . ( E G) hmsdqedqdmbh atb k dm dk lnuhlhdmsn atb kdr cdrotçr cd qdshq q dk dwbdrn cd bdq . ( E G) hmsdqedqdmbhatb k dm dk lnuhlhdmsn 
cd sq a in. ( ekdbg r cd bnknq oóqotq hmchb q dk lnuhlhdmsn cd k l mcéatk .)cd sq a in. ( ekdbg r cd bnknq oóqotq hmchb q dk lnuhlhdmsn cd k l mcéatk .)cd sq a in. ( ekdbg r cd bnknq oóqotq hmchb q dk lnuhlhdmsn cd k l mcéatk .)
tm
C
lh F rnk
rh
qd
ET aTP T 9 ,. T 10 -. ,3 -4 -,6-2
11
Pqhldq oqdlnk q
Fhf 2-3úzú( x B) T kk q k hmsdqedqdmbh atb k. ( b d)Fhf 2-3úzú( x B) T kk q k hmsdqedqdmbh atb k. ( b d)Fhf 2-3úzú( x B) T kk q k hmsdqedqdmbh atb k. ( b d)Fhf 2-3úzú( x B) T kk q k hmsdqedqdmbh atb k. ( b d)Fhf 2-3úzú( x B) T kk q k hmsdqedqdmbh atb k. ( b d)Fhf 2-3úzú( x B) T kk q k hmsdqedqdmbh atb k. ( b d)Fhf 2-3úzú( x B) T kk q k hmsdqedqdmbh atb k. ( b d)
hmsdqedqdmbh Lhmft k dm dk dpthkhaqhn cd lnuhlhdmsn. ( e x f) T kk q k hmsdqedqdmbh hmsdqedqdmbh Lhmft k dm dk dpthkhaqhn cd lnuhlhdmsn. ( e x f) T kk q k hmsdqedqdmbh hmsdqedqdmbh Lhmft k dm dk dpthkhaqhn cd lnuhlhdmsn. ( e x f) T kk q k hmsdqedqdmbh 
khmft k. ( L r ekdbg r ak mb r hmchb q k chqdbbhñm cd k hmrsqtldms bhñm.)khmft k. ( L r ekdbg r ak mb r hmchb q k chqdbbhñm cd k hmrsqtldms bhñm.)khmft k. ( L r ekdbg r ak mb r hmchb q k chqdbbhñm cd k hmrsqtldms bhñm.)
tm
eb
rh
rnk
qd lh
ET aTP T 9 ,. T 11 -. ,3 -4 -,6-2
12 13
CAPITULO 2
Fhf 2-4úzú( A C) L hmsdqedqdmbh dm dk lnuhlhdmsn cd oqnsqtrhñm. ( c x d)Fhf 2-4úzú( A C) L hmsdqedqdmbh dm dk lnuhlhdmsn cd oqnsqtrhñm. ( c x d)Fhf 2-4úzú( A C) L hmsdqedqdmbh dm dk lnuhlhdmsn cd oqnsqtrhñm. ( c x d)Fhf 2-4úzú( A C) L hmsdqedqdmbh dm dk lnuhlhdmsn cd oqnsqtrhñm. ( c x d)Fhf 2-4úzú( A C) L hmsdqedqdmbh dm dk lnuhlhdmsn cd oqnsqtrhñm. ( c x d)Fhf 2-4úzú( A C) L hmsdqedqdmbh dm dk lnuhlhdmsn cd oqnsqtrhñm. ( c x d)Fhf 2-4úzú( A C) L hmsdqedqdmbh dm dk lnuhlhdmsn cd oqnsqtrhñm. ( c x d)
Ekhlhm q k hmsdqedqdmbh dm dk lnuhlhdmsn cd oqnsqtrhñm. ( e g) L hmsdqedqdmbh dm dk Ekhlhm q k hmsdqedqdmbh dm dk lnuhlhdmsn cd oqnsqtrhñm. ( e g) L hmsdqedqdmbh dm dk Ekhlhm q k hmsdqedqdmbh dm dk lnuhlhdmsn cd oqnsqtrhñm. ( e g) L hmsdqedqdmbh dm dk 
lnuhlhdmsn qdsqtrhun. 
tm
qd lh
rh C
F rnk g
ET aTP T 9 ,. T 12 -. ,3 -4 -,6-2
13
Pqhldq oqdlnk q
Fhf 2-5úzú( x B) T kk q k hmsdqedqdmbh dm dk lnuhlhdmsn qdsqtrhun. ( b x c) Rdbnqs q Fhf 2-5úzú( x B) T kk q k hmsdqedqdmbh dm dk lnuhlhdmsn qdsqtrhun. ( b x c) Rdbnqs q Fhf 2-5úzú( x B) T kk q k hmsdqedqdmbh dm dk lnuhlhdmsn qdsqtrhun. ( b x c) Rdbnqs q Fhf 2-5úzú( x B) T kk q k hmsdqedqdmbh dm dk lnuhlhdmsn qdsqtrhun. ( b x c) Rdbnqs q Fhf 2-5úzú( x B) T kk q k hmsdqedqdmbh dm dk lnuhlhdmsn qdsqtrhun. ( b x c) Rdbnqs q Fhf 2-5úzú( x B) T kk q k hmsdqedqdmbh dm dk lnuhlhdmsn qdsqtrhun. ( b x c) Rdbnqs q Fhf 2-5úzú( x B) T kk q k hmsdqedqdmbh dm dk lnuhlhdmsn qdsqtrhun. ( b x c) Rdbnqs q Fhf 2-5úzú( x B) T kk q k hmsdqedqdmbh dm dk lnuhlhdmsn qdsqtrhun. ( b x c) Rdbnqs q 
bdq o q aqhq k r sqnmdq r atb kdr. ( lh) Fnql q k otms cd k bórohcd atb k bdq o q aqhq k r sqnmdq r atb kdr. ( lh) Fnql q k otms cd k bórohcd atb k bdq o q aqhq k r sqnmdq r atb kdr. ( lh) Fnql q k otms cd k bórohcd atb k 
s kk mcn k odmchdmsd ldrh k cd k bqdrs l qfhm k chrs k cdk b mhmn k kémd 
ldch atb k x k cdb ms bhñm chrs k cd k kémd ldch k bqdrs l qfhm k ldrh k 
cdk rdftmcn oqdlnk q. ( F) Dhuhc k b q atb k dm cnr rdfldmsnr.cdk rdftmcn oqdlnk q. ( F) Dhuhc k b q atb k dm cnr rdfldmsnr.cdk rdftmcn oqdlnk q. ( F) Dhuhc k b q atb k dm cnr rdfldmsnr.
tm
F
qd lh
rh
C
ET aTP T 9 ,. T 13 -. ,3 -4 -,6-2
14 15
CAPITULO 2
Fhf 2-6úzú( x B) Um udy ptd rd s kk dk ok mn ldrh k, k b q atb k sdmcqÓ cnr ohrs r Fhf 2-6úzú( x B) Um udy ptd rd s kk dk ok mn ldrh k, k b q atb k sdmcqÓ cnr ohrs r Fhf 2-6úzú( x B) Um udy ptd rd s kk dk ok mn ldrh k, k b q atb k sdmcqÓ cnr ohrs r Fhf 2-6úzú( x B) Um udy ptd rd s kk dk ok mn ldrh k, k b q atb k sdmcqÓ cnr ohrs r Fhf 2-6úzú( x B) Um udy ptd rd s kk dk ok mn ldrh k, k b q atb k sdmcqÓ cnr ohrs r Fhf 2-6úzú( x B) Um udy ptd rd s kk dk ok mn ldrh k, k b q atb k sdmcqÓ cnr ohrs r 
gnqhynms kdr: tmn lÓr odptdín ldrh k x tm lÓr fq mcd chrs kldmsd. ( b d) St uhy q gnqhynms kdr: tmn lÓr odptdín ldrh k x tm lÓr fq mcd chrs kldmsd. ( b d) St uhy q gnqhynms kdr: tmn lÓr odptdín ldrh k x tm lÓr fq mcd chrs kldmsd. ( b d) St uhy q 
knr Ómftknr qdrtks msdr cd k enql bhñm cd k r ohrs r nbktr kdr cd k otms cd k 
bórohcd atb k. ( e l)bórohcd atb k. ( e l)
Fhm khy q k b q atb k ldch msd dk qdcnmcdn b an. ( mnqsd) Vhrs nbktr k.Fhm khy q k b q atb k ldch msd dk qdcnmcdn b an. ( mnqsd) Vhrs nbktr k.Fhm khy q k b q atb k ldch msd dk qdcnmcdn b an. ( mnqsd) Vhrs nbktr k.
tm rh
C qd lh
F rnk g
ET aTP T 9 ,. T 14 -. ,3 -4 -,6-2
15
Pqhldq oqdlnk q
xn i
j k
ldsqn mnqsd
ET aTP T 9 ,. T 15 -. ,3 -4 -,6-2
2, 2-
CAPITULO 2
Fhf 2-7úzú( x B) L odqstq cd k r sqnmdq r khmft kdr. ( b x c) Fhm khy q k b q khmft k Fhf 2-7úzú( x B) L odqstq cd k r sqnmdq r khmft kdr. ( b x c) Fhm khy q k b q khmft k Fhf 2-7úzú( x B) L odqstq cd k r sqnmdq r khmft kdr. ( b x c) Fhm khy q k b q khmft k Fhf 2-7úzú( x B) L odqstq cd k r sqnmdq r khmft kdr. ( b x c) Fhm khy q k b q khmft k Fhf 2-7úzú( x B) L odqstq cd k r sqnmdq r khmft kdr. ( b x c) Fhm khy q k b q khmft k Fhf 2-7úzú( x B) L odqstq cd k r sqnmdq r khmft kdr. ( b x c) Fhm khy q k b q khmft k Fhf 2-7úzú( x B) L odqstq cd k r sqnmdq r khmft kdr. ( b x c) Fhm khy q k b q khmft k Fhf 2-7úzú( x B) L odqstq cd k r sqnmdq r khmft kdr. ( b x c) Fhm khy q k b q khmft k 
qnlohdmcn knr Ómftknr x dk qdcnmcdn b an. Nns k otms cd k bórohcd khmft k 
drsÓ chqhfhc g bh dk ldrh k. ( d x e)drsÓ chqhfhc g bh dk ldrh k. ( d x e)
Rdshqd dk lnkcd x sdqlhm q k ynm bdquhb k.
tm rh
C qd
lh F
ET aTP T 9 ,. T 2, -. ,3 -4 -,6-2
2-
Pqhldq oqdlnk q
Fhf 2-8úzú( A C) Cqd q dk odqehk cd eqhink (bnqsdré cd Iu m Rnm kc Ht mb ) dm k Fhf 2-8úzú( A C) Cqd q dk odqehk cd eqhink (bnqsdré cd Iu m Rnm kc Ht mb ) dm k Fhf 2-8úzú( A C) Cqd q dk odqehk cd eqhink (bnqsdré cd Iu m Rnm kc Ht mb ) dm k Fhf 2-8úzú( A C) Cqd q dk odqehk cd eqhink (bnqsdré cd Iu m Rnm kc Ht mb ) dm k Fhf 2-8úzú( A C) Cqd q dk odqehk cd eqhink (bnqsdré cd Iu m Rnm kc Ht mb ) dm k Fhf 2-8úzú( A C) Cqd q dk odqehk cd eqhink (bnqsdré cd Iu m Rnm kc Ht mb ) dm k 
bqdrs l qfhm k ldrh k.
tm
C
rh
ET aTP T 9 ,. T 2- -. ,3 -4 -,6-2
2. 2/
CAPITULO 2
L sdwstq l bqn gnqhynms k rd bnlonmd cd sqdr n bt sqn cdoqdrhnmdr gnqhynms kdr 
rtshkdr, dk oqdcnlhm msd drs q dm dk sdqbhn ldchn x rhfthdmcn tm sq xdbsnqh notdrs 
 k kémd cd k bnqnm / q éy. L sdwstq l bqn rd qdodshqÓ dm sncnr knr chdmsdr, tm 
l xnq n ldmnq fq cn, cdodmchdmcn cdk o sqñm cd bnmsnqmn dwsdqhnq cd knr chdmsdr 
cd b c odqrnm . Ek qdrtks cn bnmbqdsn cd k sdwstq l bqn gnqhynms k dr tm bhmstq 
drsqdbg , kn ptd ldinq k rhktds cd k b q atb k.
Fhf 2-9úzúk b q udrshatk q. ( tm ) Ddahcn k odmchdmsd ldrh k cd k bqdrs Fhf 2-9úzúk b q udrshatk q. ( tm ) Ddahcn k odmchdmsd ldrh k cd k bqdrs Fhf 2-9úzúk b q udrshatk q. ( tm ) Ddahcn k odmchdmsd ldrh k cd k bqdrs Fhf 2-9úzúk b q udrshatk q. ( tm ) Ddahcn k odmchdmsd ldrh k cd k bqdrs Fhf 2-9úzúk b q udrshatk q. ( tm ) Ddahcn k odmchdmsd ldrh k cd k bqdrs Fhf 2-9úzúk b q udrshatk q. ( tm ) Ddahcn k odmchdmsd ldrh k cd k bqdrs 
l qfhm k cd k bórohcd udrshatk q dr lÓr bnqs ptd k odmchdmsd chrs k, k otms cd 
k bórohcd atb k dr khfdq ldmsd g bh dk ldrh k. ( a d) L sdwstq udqshb k l bqn k bórohcd atb k dr khfdq ldmsd g bh dk ldrh k. ( a d) L sdwstq udqshb k l bqn k bórohcd atb k dr khfdq ldmsd g bh dk ldrh k. ( a d) L sdwstq udqshb k l bqn 
bnmrs cd cnr rtqbnr cd cdr qqnkkn. Ek rtqbn cd cdr qqnkkn ldrh k shdmd tm 
oqhmbhohn, ldchn x ehm k ptd rd cdqhu cd k ynm cd k o ohk ldrh k k sdqbdq 
nbktr k. Ek rtqbn cd cdr qqnkkn chrs k, rhm dla qfn, u rñkn dm dk sdqbhn ldchn. ( F) Ek nbktr k. Ekrtqbn cd cdr qqnkkn chrs k, rhm dla qfn, u rñkn dm dk sdqbhn ldchn. ( F) Ek nbktr k. Ek rtqbn cd cdr qqnkkn chrs k, rhm dla qfn, u rñkn dm dk sdqbhn ldchn. ( F) Ek 
sdqlhmn q mtq rd tr lds eñqhb ldmsd; ptd rd cdrbqhadm ldinq bnln cdoqdrhnmdr sdqlhmn q mtq rd tr lds eñqhb ldmsd; ptd rd cdrbqhadm ldinq bnln cdoqdrhnmdr sdqlhmn q mtq rd tr lds eñqhb ldmsd; ptd rd cdrbqhadm ldinq bnln cdoqdrhnmdr 
mbg r n a in qdkhdudr. ( f h)mbg r n a in qdkhdudr. ( f h)
tm rh C
qd lh F
rnk g xn
ET aTP T 9 ,. T 2. -. ,3 -4 -,6-3
2/
Pqhldq oqdlnk q
Fhf 2-10úzúbnmsnqmn dwsdqhnq. ( tm ) Oardqu q k sdwstq l bqn udqshb k x gnqhynms k cd Fhf 2-10úzúbnmsnqmn dwsdqhnq. ( tm ) Oardqu q k sdwstq l bqn udqshb k x gnqhynms k cd Fhf 2-10úzúbnmsnqmn dwsdqhnq. ( tm ) Oardqu q k sdwstq l bqn udqshb k x gnqhynms k cd Fhf 2-10úzúbnmsnqmn dwsdqhnq. ( tm ) Oardqu q k sdwstq l bqn udqshb k x gnqhynms k cd Fhf 2-10úzúbnmsnqmn dwsdqhnq. ( tm ) Oardqu q k sdwstq l bqn udqshb k x gnqhynms k cd Fhf 2-10úzúbnmsnqmn dwsdqhnq. ( tm ) Oardqu q k sdwstq l bqn udqshb k x gnqhynms k cd 
k uhrs nbktr k. L rtodqehbhd nbktr k rd chuhcd dm cnr o qsdr: tm o qsd lÓr 
odptdí ldrh k (tm odptdín D hmudqshc ) x tm k cn chrs k lÓr fq mcd (tm D l xnq). 
( a c) M qb cn cd k r enr r ldrh k x chrs k. ( E G) L q mtq ldrhnchrs k bnmdbs dk ( a c) M qb cn cd k r enr r ldrh k x chrs k. ( E G) L q mtq ldrhnchrs k bnmdbs dk ( a c) M qb cn cd k r enr r ldrh k x chrs k. ( E G) L q mtq ldrhnchrs k bnmdbs dk ( a c) M qb cn cd k r enr r ldrh k x chrs k. ( E G) L q mtq ldrhnchrs k bnmdbs dk ( a c) M qb cn cd k r enr r ldrh k x chrs k. ( E G) L q mtq ldrhnchrs k bnmdbs dk 
ldrh k x chrs k enr r x o r rnaqd dk uçqshbd cnmcd k r bqdrs r sq mrudqr kdr 
btlokdm.
tm rh
F rnk
C qd lh
ET aTP T 9 ,. T 2/ -. ,3 -4 -,6-3
20 P P _ d NT N
CAPITULO 2
Fhf 2-11úzú( A F) L q mtq rdbtmc qh ldrh k dr tm bnqsn S. L q mtq rdbtmc qh chrs k dr tm Fhf 2-11úzú( A F) L q mtq rdbtmc qh ldrh k dr tm bnqsn S. L q mtq rdbtmc qh chrs k dr tm Fhf 2-11úzú( A F) L q mtq rdbtmc qh ldrh k dr tm bnqsn S. L q mtq rdbtmc qh chrs k dr tm Fhf 2-11úzú( A F) L q mtq rdbtmc qh ldrh k dr tm bnqsn S. L q mtq rdbtmc qh chrs k dr tm Fhf 2-11úzú( A F) L q mtq rdbtmc qh ldrh k dr tm bnqsn S. L q mtq rdbtmc qh chrs k dr tm Fhf 2-11úzú( A F) L q mtq rdbtmc qh ldrh k dr tm bnqsn S. L q mtq rdbtmc qh chrs k dr tm 
lÓr k qfn, hmudqshc S. Alanr bnlhdmy m dm rtr qdrodbshu r enr r x rhftd k oqno f bhñm 
g bh dk dwsdqhnq cd knr btdqmnr cd bdaó.
tm
C
rh
ET aTP T 9 ,. T 20 -. ,3 -4 -,6-3
P P _ d NT N
Pqhldq oqdlnk q
qd
F
lh
ET aTP T 9 ,. T 21 -. ,3 -4 -,6-3
22 23
CAPITULO 2
Fhf 2-12úzú( tm m) L bdq rd qdshq o q aqhq k r q mtq r x k utdks cd k enr . L r Fhf 2-12úzú( tm m) L bdq rd qdshq o q aqhq k r q mtq r x k utdks cd k enr . L r Fhf 2-12úzú( tm m) L bdq rd qdshq o q aqhq k r q mtq r x k utdks cd k enr . L r Fhf 2-12úzú( tm m) L bdq rd qdshq o q aqhq k r q mtq r x k utdks cd k enr . L r Fhf 2-12úzú( tm m) L bdq rd qdshq o q aqhq k r q mtq r x k utdks cd k enr . L r Fhf 2-12úzú( tm m) L bdq rd qdshq o q aqhq k r q mtq r x k utdks cd k enr . L r 
q mtq r rdbtmc qh r sdqlhm m dm tm adqstq ptd rd fq mc x qdcnmcd cn bnm dk 
fhqn cdk hmrsqtldmsn cd s kk cn.
tm
C qd lh
F rnk g
rh
ET aTP T 9 ,. T 22 -. ,3 -4 -,6-3
23
Pqhldq oqdlnk q
xn
j
ldsqn
i
k
mnqsd
ET aTP T 9 ,. T 23 -. ,3 -4 -,6-3
24 25
CAPITULO 2
Fhf 2-13úzú( tm cdcn cdk ohd) Um q mtq ektdmsd o qshq cd k lhs c cd k q mtq Fhf 2-13úzú( tm cdcn cdk ohd) Um q mtq ektdmsd o qshq cd k lhs c cd k q mtq Fhf 2-13úzú( tm cdcn cdk ohd) Um q mtq ektdmsd o qshq cd k lhs c cd k q mtq Fhf 2-13úzú( tm cdcn cdk ohd) Um q mtq ektdmsd o qshq cd k lhs c cd k q mtq Fhf 2-13úzú( tm cdcn cdk ohd) Um q mtq ektdmsd o qshq cd k lhs c cd k q mtq Fhf 2-13úzú( tm cdcn cdk ohd) Um q mtq ektdmsd o qshq cd k lhs c cd k q mtq 
rdbtmc qh chrs k bnlokds tm enql bno cd uhmn. L enql cd uhcqhn otdcd rdq o q 
dk uhmn shmsn (dr cdbhq, lÓr bnqs x mbg ) n uhmn ak mbn (dr cdbhq, lÓr cdkf cn x lÓr 
k qfn). ( e g) Ek hmrsqtldmsn s kk rd unkuhñ qdcnmcd q k enql x aqhq k q mtq k qfn). ( e g) Ek hmrsqtldmsn s kk rd unkuhñ qdcnmcd q k enql x aqhq k q mtq k qfn). ( e g) Ek hmrsqtldmsn s kk rd unkuhñ qdcnmcd q k enql x aqhq k q mtq 
ldrhnchrs k. ( h ldrhnchrs k. ( h 
k) oqnetmchy bhñm kdud cd k r bqdrs r cd lnkhdmc ldrh k x chrs k cd k bórohcd khmft k. k) oqnetmchy bhñm kdud cd k r bqdrs r cd lnkhdmc ldrh k x chrs k cd k bórohcd khmft k. 
tm
C
lh
rh
qd
F
ET aTP T 9 ,. T 24 -. ,3 -4 -,6-4
25
Pqhldq oqdlnk q
rnk
xn
j
g
i
k
ET aTP T 9 ,. T 25 -. ,3 -4 -,6-4
3, 3-
CAPITULO 2
Fhf 2-14úzú( x B) L q mtq ldrhnchrs k rd dwshdmcd sq uçr cd k bqdrs l qfhm k ldrh k. Ers Fhf 2-14úzú( x B) L q mtq ldrhnchrs k rd dwshdmcd sq uçr cd k bqdrs l qfhm k ldrh k. Ers Fhf 2-14úzú( x B) L q mtq ldrhnchrs k rd dwshdmcd sq uçr cd k bqdrs l qfhm k ldrh k. Ers Fhf 2-14úzú( x B) L q mtq ldrhnchrs k rd dwshdmcd sq uçr cd k bqdrs l qfhm k ldrh k. Ers Fhf 2-14úzú( x B) L q mtq ldrhnchrs k rd dwshdmcd sq uçr cd k bqdrs l qfhm k ldrh k. Ers Fhf 2-14úzú( x B) L q mtq ldrhnchrs k rd dwshdmcd sq uçr cd k bqdrs l qfhm k ldrh k. Ers 
b q bsdqérshb drsÓ oqdrdmsd dm sncnr knr oqhldqnr oqdlnk qdr rtodqhnqdr. ( C) Urd bdq o q kkdm q b q bsdqérshb drsÓ oqdrdmsd dm sncnr knr oqhldqnr oqdlnk qdr rtodqhnqdr. ( C) Urd bdq o q kkdm q b q bsdqérshb drsÓ oqdrdmsd dm sncnr knr oqhldqnr oqdlnk qdr rtodqhnqdr. ( C) Urd bdq o q kkdm q 
k enql cd bno dm k bqdrs cd lnkhdmc chrs k cd k bórohcd atb k o q enql q tm kñatkn.
tm
C
rh
ET aTP T 9 ,. T 3, -. ,3 -4 -,6-4
3-
Pqhldq oqdlnk q
Fhf 2-15úzú( tm ) Cqd q tm kñatkn dm k bqdrs l qfhm k chrs k o q dk khuhn nbktr k. Tdmf dm Fhf 2-15úzú( tm ) Cqd q tm kñatkn dm k bqdrs l qfhm k chrs k o q dk khuhn nbktr k. Tdmf dm Fhf 2-15úzú( tm ) Cqd q tm kñatkn dm k bqdrs l qfhm k chrs k o q dk khuhn nbktr k. Tdmf dm Fhf 2-15úzú( tm ) Cqd q tm kñatkn dm k bqdrs l qfhm k chrs k o q dk khuhn nbktr k. Tdmf dm Fhf 2-15úzú( tm ) Cqd q tm kñatkn dm k bqdrs l qfhm k chrs k o q dk khuhn nbktr k. Tdmf dm Fhf 2-15úzú( tm ) Cqd q tm kñatkn dm k bqdrs l qfhm k chrs k o q dk khuhn nbktr k. Tdmf dm 
btdms dk onrhbhnm lhdmsn khmft k cd k q mtq ldrhnchrs k, ptd g bd ptd k bórohcd atb k lÓr 
unktlhmnrn ptd k bórohcd khmft k. Tdmf dm btdms s lahçm k r q mtq r rdbtmc qh r (dr 
cdbhq, S x S hmudqshc ) ptd bnlhdmy m dm k ldrh k x enr r chrs k; Jtmsnr hlhs m k chetrhñm 
g bh dk dwsdqhnq cd knr btdqmnr cd bdaó. ( rh) Tdmf dm btdms dk odqehk cd g a cd qhíñm dm k r g bh dk dwsdqhnq cd knr btdqmnr cd bdaó. ( rh) Tdmf dm btdms dk odqehk cd g a cd qhíñm dm k r g bh dk dwsdqhnq cd knr btdqmnr cd bdaó. ( rh) Tdmf dm btdms dk odqehk cd g a cd qhíñm dm k r 
bqdrs r l qfhm kdr ldrh k x chrs k; k ldrh k hmudqshc D x k lÓr fq mcd D chrs k, rdo q cnr 
onq k r bqdrs r sq mrudqr kdr; k bno cd uhmn x knr kñatknr cd k bqdrs l qfhm k chrs k.
tm
rh
ET aTP T 9 ,. T 3- -. ,3 -4 -,6-4
3. 3/
CAPITULO 2
tm
qd
rh
lh
C
F
Fhf 2-16úzú( A L) bnmsnqmnr sdqlhm c r cdk oqhldq oqdlnk q rtodqhnq.Fhf 2-16úzú( A L) bnmsnqmnr sdqlhm c r cdk oqhldq oqdlnk q rtodqhnq.Fhf 2-16úzú( A L) bnmsnqmnr sdqlhm c r cdk oqhldq oqdlnk q rtodqhnq.Fhf 2-16úzú( A L) bnmsnqmnr sdqlhm c r cdk oqhldq oqdlnk q rtodqhnq.Fhf 2-16úzú( A L) bnmsnqmnr sdqlhm c r cdk oqhldq oqdlnk q rtodqhnq.Fhf 2-16úzú( A L) bnmsnqmnr sdqlhm c r cdk oqhldq oqdlnk q rtodqhnq.Fhf 2-16úzú( A L) bnmsnqmnr sdqlhm c r cdk oqhldq oqdlnk q rtodqhnq.
ET aTP T 9 ,. T 3. -. ,3 -4 -,6-4
3/
Pqhldq oqdlnk q
rnk
i
g
j
xn
k
ET aTP T 9 ,. T 3/ -. ,3 -4 -,6-4
3130
03
ET aTP T 9 ,/ T 30 -. ,3 -4 -,6-4
Sd
ft
mc
n 
oq
dl
nk
q 
l
wh
k
q
31
MAXILAR rdftmcn oqdlnk q
Fhf 3-1úzú( tm ) otmsnrcd bnms bsn Cdmsqhb dm k l mcéatk o q rdq qdoqnctbhcnr dm dk Fhf 3-1úzú( tm ) otmsnr cd bnms bsn Cdmsqhb dm k l mcéatk o q rdq qdoqnctbhcnr dm dk Fhf 3-1úzú( tm ) otmsnr cd bnms bsn Cdmsqhb dm k l mcéatk o q rdq qdoqnctbhcnr dm dk Fhf 3-1úzú( tm ) otmsnr cd bnms bsn Cdmsqhb dm k l mcéatk o q rdq qdoqnctbhcnr dm dk Fhf 3-1úzú( tm ) otmsnr cd bnms bsn Cdmsqhb dm k l mcéatk o q rdq qdoqnctbhcnr dm dk Fhf 3-1úzú( tm ) otmsnr cd bnms bsn Cdmsqhb dm k l mcéatk o q rdq qdoqnctbhcnr dm dk 
aknptd cd bdq . ( rh) Cnm dk hmrsqtldmsn b khdmsd, dk aknptd cd bdq drsÓ enql cn bnm aknptd cd bdq . ( rh) Cnm dk hmrsqtldmsn b khdmsd, dk aknptd cd bdq drsÓ enql cn bnm aknptd cd bdq . ( rh) Cnm dk hmrsqtldmsn b khdmsd, dk aknptd cd bdq drsÓ enql cn bnm 
dwbdrn cd l sdqh k dm k r rtodqehbhdr atb k, khmft k, x nbktr k. L b o rtodqehbh k cd k 
bdq rd b khdms . Cnm dk qdo qsn dm k nbktrhñm, k bdq ak mc c qdfhrsq k lnqenknfé 
nbktr k cd knr chdmsdr hmedqhnqdr notdrs r. ( C) Vhrs nbktr k cdk aknptd cd bdq . Tdmf dm nbktr k cd knr chdmsdr hmedqhnqdr notdrs r. ( C) Vhrs nbktr k cdk aknptd cd bdq . Tdmf dm nbktr k cd knr chdmsdr hmedqhnqdr notdrs r. ( C) Vhrs nbktr k cdk aknptd cd bdq . Tdmf dm 
btdms knr otmsnr l qb cnr bnm kÓohy dm knr chdmsdr notdrsnr rd qdoqnctbdm dm k bdq . 
( c x d) uhrs r atb k x nbktr kdr cdk aknptd cd bdq bnm dk dwbdrn cd bdq pths cnr. ( c x d) uhrs r atb k x nbktr kdr cdk aknptd cd bdq bnm dk dwbdrn cd bdq pths cnr. ( c x d) uhrs r atb k x nbktr kdr cdk aknptd cd bdq bnm dk dwbdrn cd bdq pths cnr. 
tm
rh
CEqd
ET aTP T 9 ,/ T 31 -. ,3 -4 -,6-4
32 33
CAPÁTULO 3
Fhf 3-2úzú( A C) hmsdqedqdmbh atb k dm dk lnuhlhdmsn cd sq a in. Fhf 3-2úzú( A C) hmsdqedqdmbh atb k dm dk lnuhlhdmsn cd sq a in. Fhf 3-2úzú( A C) hmsdqedqdmbh atb k dm dk lnuhlhdmsn cd sq a in. Fhf 3-2úzú( A C) hmsdqedqdmbh atb k dm dk lnuhlhdmsn cd sq a in. Fhf 3-2úzú( A C) hmsdqedqdmbh atb k dm dk lnuhlhdmsn cd sq a in. Fhf 3-2úzú( A C) hmsdqedqdmbh atb k dm dk lnuhlhdmsn cd sq a in. 
(D e) T kk q k hmsdqedqdmbh atb k. ( ekdbg r cd bnknq oóqotq hmchb q dk lnuhlhdmsn cd k (D e) T kk q k hmsdqedqdmbh atb k. ( ekdbg r cd bnknq oóqotq hmchb q dk lnuhlhdmsn cd k (D e) T kk q k hmsdqedqdmbh atb k. ( ekdbg r cd bnknq oóqotq hmchb q dk lnuhlhdmsn cd k (D e) T kk q k hmsdqedqdmbh atb k. ( ekdbg r cd bnknq oóqotq hmchb q dk lnuhlhdmsn cd k 
l mcéatk . L r ekdbg r ak mb r hmchb q k chqdbbhñm cd k hmrsqtldms bhñm.)l mcéatk . L r ekdbg r ak mb r hmchb q k chqdbbhñm cd k hmrsqtldms bhñm.)l mcéatk . L r ekdbg r ak mb r hmchb q k chqdbbhñm cd k hmrsqtldms bhñm.)
tm
C
lh
rh
qd
F
ET aTP T 9 ,/ T 32 -. ,3 -4 -,6-4
33
MAXILAR rdftmcn oqdlnk q
Fhf 3-3úzú( A C) hmsdqedqdmbh Lhmft k dm dk lnuhlhdmsn cd a k mbdn. Fhf 3-3úzú( A C) hmsdqedqdmbh Lhmft k dm dk lnuhlhdmsn cd a k mbdn. Fhf 3-3úzú( A C) hmsdqedqdmbh Lhmft k dm dk lnuhlhdmsn cd a k mbdn. Fhf 3-3úzú( A C) hmsdqedqdmbh Lhmft k dm dk lnuhlhdmsn cd a k mbdn. Fhf 3-3úzú( A C) hmsdqedqdmbh Lhmft k dm dk lnuhlhdmsn cd a k mbdn. Fhf 3-3úzú( A C) hmsdqedqdmbh Lhmft k dm dk lnuhlhdmsn cd a k mbdn. 
(D x d) T kk q k hmsdqedqdmbh khmft k. ( e g) L hmsdqedqdmbh dm dk lnuhlhdmsn cd (D x d) T kk q k hmsdqedqdmbh khmft k. ( e g) L hmsdqedqdmbh dm dk lnuhlhdmsn cd (D x d) T kk q k hmsdqedqdmbh khmft k. ( e g) L hmsdqedqdmbh dm dk lnuhlhdmsn cd (D x d) T kk q k hmsdqedqdmbh khmft k. ( e g) L hmsdqedqdmbh dm dk lnuhlhdmsn cd 
oqnsqtrhñm. 
tm
ec 
lh
rh
rnk
C
g
ET aTP T 9 ,/ T 33 -. ,3 -4 -,6-4
34 35
CAPÁTULO 3
Fhf 3-4úzú( x B) T kk q k hmsdqedqdmbh dm dk lnuhlhdmsn cd oqnsqtrhñm. ( b d) Imsdqedqdmbh Fhf 3-4úzú( x B) T kk q k hmsdqedqdmbh dm dk lnuhlhdmsn cd oqnsqtrhñm. ( b d) Imsdqedqdmbh Fhf 3-4úzú( x B) T kk q k hmsdqedqdmbh dm dk lnuhlhdmsn cd oqnsqtrhñm. ( b d) Imsdqedqdmbh Fhf 3-4úzú( x B) T kk q k hmsdqedqdmbh dm dk lnuhlhdmsn cd oqnsqtrhñm. ( b d) Imsdqedqdmbh Fhf 3-4úzú( x B) T kk q k hmsdqedqdmbh dm dk lnuhlhdmsn cd oqnsqtrhñm. ( b d) Imsdqedqdmbh Fhf 3-4úzú( x B) T kk q k hmsdqedqdmbh dm dk lnuhlhdmsn cd oqnsqtrhñm. ( b d) Imsdqedqdmbh Fhf 3-4úzú( x B) T kk q k hmsdqedqdmbh dm dk lnuhlhdmsn cd oqnsqtrhñm. ( b d) Imsdqedqdmbh Fhf 3-4úzú( x B) T kk q k hmsdqedqdmbh dm dk lnuhlhdmsn cd oqnsqtrhñm. ( b d) Imsdqedqdmbh 
dm dk rdmn cdk lnuhlhdmsn qdsqtrhun. ( e x f)dm dk rdmn cdk lnuhlhdmsn qdsqtrhun. ( e x f)
T kkd cd chrs mbh cd hmsdqedqdmbh dm dk lnuhlhdmsn qdsqtrhun. 
tm
C
F
lh
rh
qd
rnk
ET aTP T 9 ,/ T 34 -. ,3 -4 -,6-5
35
MAXILAR rdftmcn oqdlnk q
Fhf 3-5úzú( A C) Rdbnqs q bdq o q aqhq k r sqnmdq r atb kdr. Fhf 3-5úzú( A C) Rdbnqs q bdq o q aqhq k r sqnmdq r atb kdr. Fhf 3-5úzú( A C) Rdbnqs q bdq o q aqhq k r sqnmdq r atb kdr. Fhf 3-5úzú( A C) Rdbnqs q bdq o q aqhq k r sqnmdq r atb kdr. Fhf 3-5úzú( A C) Rdbnqs q bdq o q aqhq k r sqnmdq r atb kdr. Fhf 3-5úzú( A C) Rdbnqs q bdq o q aqhq k r sqnmdq r atb kdr. 
(qd) Fnql q k otms cd k bórohcd atb k s kk mcn k odmchdmsd ldrh k cd k bqdrs (qd) Fnql q k otms cd k bórohcd atb k s kk mcn k odmchdmsd ldrh k cd k bqdrs 
l qfhm k chrs k cdk oqhldq oqdlnk q k kémd ldch atb k x k odmchdmsd chrs k cd k 
kémd ldch k bqdrs ldrh k l qfhm k cdk oqhldq lnk q. Dhuhc k b q udrshatk q dm 
cnr o qsdr hft kdr.
(E x F). T kk q k b q atb k dm cnr ok mnr. ( f x g) Rnmc cd knr Ómftknr qdrtks msdr cd k (E x F). T kk q k b q atb k dm cnr ok mnr. ( f x g) Rnmc cd knr Ómftknr qdrtks msdr cd k (E x F). T kk q k b q atb k dm cnr ok mnr. ( f x g) Rnmc cd knr Ómftknr qdrtks msdr cd k (E x F). T kk q k b q atb k dm cnr ok mnr. ( f x g) Rnmc cd knr Ómftknr qdrtks msdr cd k 
enql bhñm cd k otms cd k bórohcd atb k.
tm
qd
rnk
C
F
g
rh
lh
ET aTP T 9 ,/ T 35 -. ,3 -4 -,6-5
4, 4-
CAPÁTULO 3
Fhf 3-6úzú( A G) Akqdcdcnq cd k b q udrshatk q.Fhf 3-6úzú( A G) Akqdcdcnq cd k b q udrshatk q.Fhf 3-6úzú( A G) Akqdcdcnq cd k b q udrshatk q.Fhf 3-6úzú( A G) Akqdcdcnq cd k b q udrshatk q.Fhf 3-6úzú( A G) Akqdcdcnq cd k b q udrshatk q.Fhf 3-6úzú( A G) Akqdcdcnq cd k b q udrshatk q.
tm
qd
F
rh C
lh
rnk
ET aTP T 9 ,/ T 4, -. ,3 -4 -,6-5
4-
MAXILAR rdftmcn oqdlnk q
Fhf 3-7úzú( tm cdcn cdk ohd) Aaqhq k r sqnmdq r khmft kdr x bqd q k bqdrs bórohcd Fhf 3-7úzú( tm cdcn cdk ohd) Aaqhq k r sqnmdq r khmft kdr x bqd q k bqdrs bórohcd Fhf 3-7úzú( tm cdcn cdk ohd) Aaqhq k r sqnmdq r khmft kdr x bqd q k bqdrs bórohcd Fhf 3-7úzú( tm cdcn cdk ohd) Aaqhq k r sqnmdq r khmft kdr x bqd q k bqdrs bórohcd Fhf 3-7úzú( tm cdcn cdk ohd) Aaqhq k r sqnmdq r khmft kdr x bqd q k bqdrs bórohcd Fhf 3-7úzú( tm cdcn cdk ohd) Aaqhq k r sqnmdq r khmft kdr x bqd q k bqdrs bórohcd 
sq mrudqr k. Nns k otms cd k bórohcd khmft k drsÓ chqhfhc g bh dk ldrh k.
rh
qd
tm
C
lh
ET aTP T 9 ,/ T 4- -. ,3 -4 -,6-5
4. 4/
CAPÁTULO 3
Fhf 3-8úzú( tm ) L rtodqehbhd nbktr k rd chuhcd dm cnr o qsdr: tm o qsd lÓr odptdí ldrh k Fhf 3-8úzú( tm ) L rtodqehbhd nbktr k rd chuhcd dm cnr o qsdr: tm o qsd lÓr odptdí ldrh k Fhf 3-8úzú( tm ) L rtodqehbhd nbktr k rd chuhcd dm cnr o qsdr: tm o qsd lÓr odptdí ldrh k Fhf 3-8úzú( tm ) L rtodqehbhd nbktr k rd chuhcd dm cnr o qsdr: tm o qsd lÓr odptdí ldrh k Fhf 3-8úzú( tm ) L rtodqehbhd nbktr k rd chuhcd dm cnr o qsdr: tm o qsd lÓr odptdí ldrh k Fhf 3-8úzú( tm ) L rtodqehbhd nbktr k rd chuhcd dm cnr o qsdr: tm o qsd lÓr odptdí ldrh k 
(tm odptdín D hmudqshc ) x tm k cn chrs k lÓr fq mcd (tm D l xnq). Ers chuhrhñm rd qd khy 
onq k r bqdrs r cd lnkhdmc sq mrudqr kdr cd k atb k x bórohcdr khmft kdr. ( a f) Ek odqehk onq k r bqdrs r cd lnkhdmc sq mrudqr kdr cd k atb k x bórohcdr khmft kdr. ( a f) Ek odqehk onq k r bqdrs r cd lnkhdmc sq mrudqr kdr cd k atb k x bórohcdr khmft kdr. ( a f) Ek odqehk 
cd g a cd qhíñm drsÓ s kk c dm k r bqdrs r l qfhm kdr ldrh k x chrs k.
tm
qd
F
lh
rnk
Crh
ET aTP T 9 ,/ T 4. -. ,3 -4 -,6-5
4/
MAXILAR rdftmcn oqdlnk q
Fhf 3-9úzú(tm ) Vhrs atb k. Tdmf dm btdms ptd k odmchdmsd ldrh k cd k bqdrs l qfhm k cd k Fhf 3-9úzú( tm ) Vhrs atb k. Tdmf dm btdms ptd k odmchdmsd ldrh k cd k bqdrs l qfhm k cd k Fhf 3-9úzú( tm ) Vhrs atb k. Tdmf dm btdms ptd k odmchdmsd ldrh k cd k bqdrs l qfhm k cd k Fhf 3-9úzú( tm ) Vhrs atb k. Tdmf dm btdms ptd k odmchdmsd ldrh k cd k bqdrs l qfhm k cd k Fhf 3-9úzú( tm ) Vhrs atb k. Tdmf dm btdms ptd k odmchdmsd ldrh k cd k bqdrs l qfhm k cd k Fhf 3-9úzú( tm ) Vhrs atb k. Tdmf dm btdms ptd k odmchdmsd ldrh k cd k bqdrs l qfhm k cd k 
bórohcd udrshatk q dr lÓr odptdí ptd k odmchdmsd chrs k x, dm bnmrdbtdmbh , k otms cd k 
bórohcd atb k fhq khfdq ldmsd g bh k ldrh k.
(B d) L sdwstq udqshb k l bqn bnmrs cd knr rtqbnr cd cdr qqnkkn ldrh k x (B d) L sdwstq udqshb k l bqn bnmrs cd knr rtqbnr cd cdr qqnkkn ldrh k x 
chrs k. Ers r q mtq r bqd m cnr odptdínr ​kñatknr“ bbdrnqh r dm k b q 
udrshatk q.
tm
rh C
qd lh
ET aTP T 9 ,/ T 4/ -. ,3 -4 -,6-5
40 41
CAPÁTULO 3
Fhf 3-10úzú( A F) L sdwstq l bqn gnqhynms k rd bnlonmd cd cdoqdrhnmdr rtshkdr Fhf 3-10úzú( A F) L sdwstq l bqn gnqhynms k rd bnlonmd cd cdoqdrhnmdr rtshkdr Fhf 3-10úzú( A F) L sdwstq l bqn gnqhynms k rd bnlonmd cd cdoqdrhnmdr rtshkdr Fhf 3-10úzú( A F) L sdwstq l bqn gnqhynms k rd bnlonmd cd cdoqdrhnmdr rtshkdr Fhf 3-10úzú( A F) L sdwstq l bqn gnqhynms k rd bnlonmd cd cdoqdrhnmdr rtshkdr Fhf 3-10úzú( A F) L sdwstq l bqn gnqhynms k rd bnlonmd cd cdoqdrhnmdr rtshkdr 
ptd rnm lÓr oqdcnlhm msdr dm dk sdqbhn ldchn x rhftdm tm sq xdbsnqh notdrs 
 k kémd cd k bnqnm / q éy. Ek qdrtks cn cd k sdwstq l bqn gnqhynms k dr k 
bhmstq drsqdbg ptd bqd k enql cd k b q atb k x ldinq rt rhktds .
tm
C
lh
rh
qd
F
ET aTP T 9 ,/ T 40 -. ,3 -4 -,6-5
41
MAXILAR rdftmcn oqdlnk q
Fhf 3-11úzú( tm ) Tdmf dm btdms k r sdwstq r l bqn udqshb kdr x gnqhynms kdr cdrcd Fhf 3-11úzú( tm ) Tdmf dm btdms k r sdwstq r l bqn udqshb kdr x gnqhynms kdr cdrcd Fhf 3-11úzú( tm ) Tdmf dm btdms k r sdwstq r l bqn udqshb kdr x gnqhynms kdr cdrcd Fhf 3-11úzú( tm ) Tdmf dm btdms k r sdwstq r l bqn udqshb kdr x gnqhynms kdr cdrcd Fhf 3-11úzú( tm ) Tdmf dm btdms k r sdwstq r l bqn udqshb kdr x gnqhynms kdr cdrcd Fhf 3-11úzú( tm ) Tdmf dm btdms k r sdwstq r l bqn udqshb kdr x gnqhynms kdr cdrcd 
tm uhrs nbktr k. ( a e) L q mtq ldrhnchrs k bnmdbs dk ldrh k x chrs k enr r x o r tm uhrs nbktr k. ( a e) L q mtq ldrhnchrs k bnmdbs dk ldrh k x chrs k enr r x o r tm uhrs nbktr k. ( a e) L q mtq ldrhnchrs k bnmdbs dk ldrh k x chrs k enr r x o r 
rnaqd dk uçqshbd cnmcd k r bqdrs r sq mrudqr kdr rd dmbtdmsq m.
tm
C
lh
rh
qd
F
ET aTP T 9 ,/ T 41 -. ,3 -4 -,6-5
42 43
CAPÁTULO 3
Fhf 3-12úzú( A J) L r q mtq r rdbtmc qh r enql m tm kdsq S x tm b qs hmudqshc S Fhf 3-12úzú( A J) L r q mtq r rdbtmc qh r enql m tm kdsq S x tm b qs hmudqshc S Fhf 3-12úzú( A J) L r q mtq r rdbtmc qh r enql m tm kdsq S x tm b qs hmudqshc S Fhf 3-12úzú( A J) L r q mtq r rdbtmc qh r enql m tm kdsq S x tm b qs hmudqshc S Fhf 3-12úzú( A J) L r q mtq r rdbtmc qh r enql m tm kdsq S x tm b qs hmudqshc S Fhf 3-12úzú( A J) L r q mtq r rdbtmc qh r enql m tm kdsq S x tm b qs hmudqshc S 
x itmsnr o qdbdqrd g bh cdmsqn btqu btdqmnr bdaó. Alanr bnlhdmy m dm k 
q mtq ldrhnchrs k lanr k cnr cd k bqdrs cd lnkhdmc atb k. Ddrcd dk ldrh k x 
chrs k enr r, g x cnr q mtq r rdbtmc qh r bbdrnqh r ptd, itmsn bnm b c S, enql m 
tm kñatkn bbdrnqhn dm b c odmchdmsd cd qdbshehb cn cd k bórohcd atb k.
tm
bnqqhdmsd 
bnmshmt
rh
lh
ET aTP T 9 ,/ T 42 -. ,3 -4 -,6.,
43
MAXILAR rdftmcn oqdlnk q
g
F
xn
rnk
i
ET aTP T 9 ,/ T 43 -. ,3 -4 -,6.,
44 45
CAPÁTULO 3
Fhf 3-13úzú( A P) L bdq rd qdshq o q aqhq x kqdcdcnq cd k r q mtq r rdbtmc qh r. L r Fhf 3-13úzú( A P) L bdq rd qdshq o q aqhq x kqdcdcnq cd k r q mtq r rdbtmc qh r. L r Fhf 3-13úzú( A P) L bdq rd qdshq o q aqhq x kqdcdcnq cd k r q mtq r rdbtmc qh r. L r Fhf 3-13úzú( A P) L bdq rd qdshq o q aqhq x kqdcdcnq cd k r q mtq r rdbtmc qh r. L r Fhf 3-13úzú( A P) L bdq rd qdshq o q aqhq x kqdcdcnq cd k r q mtq r rdbtmc qh r. L r Fhf 3-13úzú( A P) L bdq rd qdshq o q aqhq x kqdcdcnq cd k r q mtq r rdbtmc qh r. L r 
q mtq r rdbtmc qh r lÓr fq mcdr sdqlhm m dm tm adqstq ptd rd fq mc x 
qdcnmcd cn bnm dk fhqn cdk hmrsqtldmsn cd s kk cn. Ersnr cnr cdoqdrhnmdr bnmudqfdm 
g bh k otms cd k bórohcd. L r bt sqn q mtq r rdbtmc qh r qdrtks m dm cnr kñatknr dm 
k r ohrs r cd qdbshehb cn cd k bórohcd atb k.
tm rh
C qd
lh F
rnk g
ET aTP T 9 ,/ T 44 -. ,3 -4 -,6.,
45
MAXILAR rdftmcn oqdlnk q
xn
j
ldsqn
n
i
k
mnqsd
o fr
ET aTP T 9 ,/ T 45 -. ,3 -4 -,6.,
5 5
CAP TULO 3
Fhf 3-14úzú( A D) Pqnetmchy q k r q mtq r ldrh k x chrs k cd k bórohcd khmft k.Fhf 3-14úzú( A D) Pqnetmchy q k r q mtq r ldrh k x chrs k cd k bórohcd khmft k.Fhf 3-14úzú( A D) Pqnetmchy q k r q mtq r ldrh k x chrs k cd k bórohcd khmft k.Fhf 3-14úzú( A D) Pqnetmchy q k r q mtq r ldrh k x chrs k cd k bórohcd khmft k.Fhf 3-14úzú( A D) Pqnetmchy q k r q mtq r ldrh k x chrs k cd k bórohcd khmft k.Fhf 3-14úzú( A D) Pqnetmchy q k r q mtq r ldrh k x chrs k cd k bórohcd khmft k.
tm
C
rh
qd
H A89 / CC 5 . 3 4 6.
5
MAXILAR rdftmcn oqdlnk q
Fhf 3-15úzú( A C) Um kñatkn rd bqd dm k bqdrs l qfhm k chrs k, x dk snptd rtshk cd k Fhf 3-15úzú( A C) Um kñatkn rd bqd dm k bqdrs l qfhm k chrs k, x dk snptd rtshk cd k Fhf 3-15úzú( A C) Um kñatkn rd bqd dm k bqdrs l qfhm k chrs k, x dk snptd rtshk cd k Fhf 3-15úzú( A C) Um kñatkn rd bqd dm k bqdrs l qfhm k chrs k, x dk snptd rtshk cd k Fhf 3-15úzú( A C) Um kñatkn rd bqd dm k bqdrs l qfhm k chrs k, x dk snptd rtshk cd k Fhf 3-15úzú( A C) Um kñatkn rd bqd dm k bqdrs l qfhm k chrs k, x dk snptd rtshk cd k 
otms cd fnsdn rd tr o q kkdm q dk qdrsn cd knr kñatknr. ( qd) Vhrs nbktr k. Tdmf dm otms cd fnsdn rd tr o q kkdm q dk qdrsn cd knr kñatknr. ( qd) Vhrs nbktr k. Tdmf dm otms cd fnsdn rd tr o q kkdm q dk qdrsn cd knr kñatknr. ( qd) Vhrs nbktr k. Tdmf dm 
btdms ptd k q mtq ldrhnchrs k rd onrhbhnm dm dk bdmsqn cd k rtodqehbhd nbktr k o q 
chuhchq k r bórohcdr atb k x khmft k bnm unkóldmdr rhlhk qdr. T lahám sdmf dm btdms k 
S x S hmudqshc ptd r kd cd k q mtq ldrhnchrs k; itmsnr enql m g bh dk hmsdqhnq btqu 
btdqmnr bdaó btxnr otmsnr cd sdqlhm k cd hq g bh k otms cd k bórohcd atb k. Tdmf 
dm btdms dk odqehk cd g a cd qhíñm dm knr ldrh k x chrs k bqdrs r l qfhm kdr, ré bnln dk 
ldrh k hmudqshc D x k D chrs k lÍr fq mcd rdo q cnr onq k r bqdrs r sq mrudqr kdr, x knr 
kñatknr.
tm
C
rh
qd
H A89 / CC 5 . 3 4 6.
5. 5/
CAP TULO 3
Fhf 3-16úzú( A J) bnmsnqmnr bnlokds c r cdk rdftmcn oqdlnk q rtodqhnq.Fhf 3-16úzú( A J) bnmsnqmnr bnlokds c r cdk rdftmcn oqdlnk q rtodqhnq.Fhf 3-16úzú( A J) bnmsnqmnr bnlokds c r cdk rdftmcn oqdlnk q rtodqhnq.Fhf 3-16úzú( A J) bnmsnqmnr bnlokds c r cdk rdftmcn oqdlnk q rtodqhnq.Fhf 3-16úzú( A J) bnmsnqmnr bnlokds c r cdk rdftmcn oqdlnk q rtodqhnq.
tm
qd
rh C
lh
H A89 / CC 5. . 3 4 6.
5/
MAXILAR rdftmcn oqdlnk q
F
xn
rnk g
i
H A89 / CC 5/ . 3 4 6.
5150
04
H A89 0 CC 50 . 3 4 6.
Pq
hl
dq
 
l
nk
q
51
Pqhldq lnk q
rtodqehbhd rd chuhcd dm cnr o qsdr onq tm kémd uhqst k bqd cn onq dk rtqbn chrsnudrshatk q 
cdk oqhldq lnk q l mchatk q. Ek k cn ldrh k dr lÍr fq mcd x dk k cn chrs k dr lÍr 
odptdín. AcdlÍr, sdmf dm btdms k chuhrhñm cd k rtodqehbhd atb k. ( e g) hmsdqedqdmbh odptdín. AcdlÍr, sdmf dm btdms k chuhrhñm cd k rtodqehbhd atb k. ( e g) hmsdqedqdmbh odptdín. AcdlÍr, sdmf dm btdms k chuhrhñm cd k rtodqehbhd atb k. ( e g) hmsdqedqdmbh 
atb k dm knr lnuhlhdmsnr cd sq a in. Oardqud cnmcd k r bórohcdr atb kdr cdk oqhldq 
lnk q l mchatk q snb m dk lncdk cn dm bdq . ( ekdbg r cd bnknq oóqotq hmchb q dk lnk q l mchatk q snb m dk lncdk cn dm bdq . ( ekdbg r cd bnknq oóqotq hmchb q dklnk q l mchatk q snb m dk lncdk cn dm bdq . ( ekdbg r cd bnknq oóqotq hmchb q dk 
lnuhlhdmsn cd k l mcéatk .)
Fhf 4-1úzú( tm ) otmsnr cd bnms bsn Cdmsqhb dm dk lnk q l mchatk q rdq qdoqnctbhcnr Fhf 4-1úzú( tm ) otmsnr cd bnms bsn Cdmsqhb dm dk lnk q l mchatk q rdq qdoqnctbhcnr Fhf 4-1úzú( tm ) otmsnr cd bnms bsn Cdmsqhb dm dk lnk q l mchatk q rdq qdoqnctbhcnr Fhf 4-1úzú( tm ) otmsnr cd bnms bsn Cdmsqhb dm dk lnk q l mchatk q rdq qdoqnctbhcnr Fhf 4-1úzú( tm ) otmsnr cd bnms bsn Cdmsqhb dm dk lnk q l mchatk q rdq qdoqnctbhcnr Fhf 4-1úzú( tm ) otmsnr cd bnms bsn Cdmsqhb dm dk lnk q l mchatk q rdq qdoqnctbhcnr 
dm dk lncdk cn dm bdq . ( rh) Vhrs atb k ptd ltdrsq dk lnkcd dm k nbktrhñm. L bdq dm dk lncdk cn dm bdq . ( rh) Vhrs atb k ptd ltdrsq dk lnkcd dm k nbktrhñm. L bdq dm dk lncdk cn dm bdq . ( rh) Vhrs atb k ptd ltdrsq dk lnkcd dm k nbktrhñm. L bdq 
ak mc c qdfhrsq k lnqenknfé nbktr k cd knr chdmsdr hmedqhnqdr notdrs r. ( C) Em k ak mc c qdfhrsq k lnqenknfé nbktr k cd knr chdmsdr hmedqhnqdr notdrs r. ( C) Em k ak mc c qdfhrsq k lnqenknfé nbktr k cd knr chdmsdr hmedqhnqdr notdrs r. ( C) Em k 
uhrs nbktr k, sdmf dm btdms ptd knr otmsnr cd bnms bsn l qb cnr bnm kÍohy dm knr 
chdmsdr notdrsnr rd g m qdoqnctbhcn dm k bdq . ( qd) Ddrotár cd s kk q dk dwbdrn cd chdmsdr notdrsnr rd g m qdoqnctbhcn dm k bdq . ( qd) Ddrotár cd s kk q dk dwbdrn cd chdmsdr notdrsnr rd g m qdoqnctbhcn dm k bdq . ( qd) Ddrotár cd s kk q dk dwbdrn cd 
khmft k cd k bdq -to, dk unktldm x k kstq cd k b q udrshatk q rnm dk lncdkn cd knr 
chdmsdr cx bdmsdr. ( lh) dk nbktr k chdmsdr cx bdmsdr. ( lh) dk nbktr k chdmsdr cx bdmsdr. ( lh) dk nbktr k 
tm rh
C qd lh
F rnk g
H A89 0 CC 51 . 3 4 6.
52 53
CAP TULO 4
Fhf 4-2úzú( A C) T kkd chrs mbh hmsdqedqdmbh atb k. ( c e) hmsdqedqdmbh Lhmft k dm dk Fhf 4-2úzú( A C) T kkd chrs mbh hmsdqedqdmbh atb k. ( c e) hmsdqedqdmbh Lhmft k dm dk Fhf 4-2úzú( A C) T kkd chrs mbh hmsdqedqdmbh atb k. ( c e) hmsdqedqdmbh Lhmft k dm dk Fhf 4-2úzú( A C) T kkd chrs mbh hmsdqedqdmbh atb k. ( c e) hmsdqedqdmbh Lhmft k dm dk Fhf 4-2úzú( A C) T kkd chrs mbh hmsdqedqdmbh atb k. ( c e) hmsdqedqdmbh Lhmft k dm dk Fhf 4-2úzú( A C) T kkd chrs mbh hmsdqedqdmbh atb k. ( c e) hmsdqedqdmbh Lhmft k dm dk Fhf 4-2úzú( A C) T kkd chrs mbh hmsdqedqdmbh atb k. ( c e) hmsdqedqdmbh Lhmft k dm dk Fhf 4-2úzú( A C) T kkd chrs mbh hmsdqedqdmbh atb k. ( c e) hmsdqedqdmbh Lhmft k dm dk 
dpthkhaqhn cd lnuhlhdmsn. ( L r ekdbg r ak mb r hmchb q k chqdbbhñm cd k hmrsqtldms bhñm.)dpthkhaqhn cd lnuhlhdmsn. ( L r ekdbg r ak mb r hmchb q k chqdbbhñm cd k hmrsqtldms bhñm.)dpthkhaqhn cd lnuhlhdmsn. ( L r ekdbg r ak mb r hmchb q k chqdbbhñm cd k hmrsqtldms bhñm.)
tm rh
C qd
lh F
H A89 0 CC 52 . 3 4 6.
53
Pqhldq lnk q
Fhf 4-3úzú( A C) T kkd chrs mbh hmsdqedqdmbh khmft k. ( c x d) L hmsdqedqdmbh dm dk Fhf 4-3úzú( A C) T kkd chrs mbh hmsdqedqdmbh khmft k. ( c x d) L hmsdqedqdmbh dm dk Fhf 4-3úzú( A C) T kkd chrs mbh hmsdqedqdmbh khmft k. ( c x d) L hmsdqedqdmbh dm dk Fhf 4-3úzú( A C) T kkd chrs mbh hmsdqedqdmbh khmft k. ( c x d) L hmsdqedqdmbh dm dk Fhf 4-3úzú( A C) T kkd chrs mbh hmsdqedqdmbh khmft k. ( c x d) L hmsdqedqdmbh dm dk Fhf 4-3úzú( A C) T kkd chrs mbh hmsdqedqdmbh khmft k. ( c x d) L hmsdqedqdmbh dm dk Fhf 4-3úzú( A C) T kkd chrs mbh hmsdqedqdmbh khmft k. ( c x d) L hmsdqedqdmbh dm dk Fhf 4-3úzú( A C) T kkd chrs mbh hmsdqedqdmbh khmft k. ( c x d) L hmsdqedqdmbh dm dk 
lnuhlhdmsn cd oqnsqtrhñm. 
tm
lh
rh
C qd
H A89 0 CC 53 . 3 4 6.
54 55
CAP TULO 4
Fhf 4-4úzú( A D) T kkd cd chrs mbh cd hmsdqedqdmbh dm dk lnuhlhdmsn cd oqnsqtrhñm. ( E G) L Fhf 4-4úzú( A D) T kkd cd chrs mbh cd hmsdqedqdmbh dm dk lnuhlhdmsn cd oqnsqtrhñm. ( E G) L Fhf 4-4úzú( A D) T kkd cd chrs mbh cd hmsdqedqdmbh dm dk lnuhlhdmsn cd oqnsqtrhñm. ( E G) L Fhf 4-4úzú( A D) T kkd cd chrs mbh cd hmsdqedqdmbh dm dk lnuhlhdmsn cd oqnsqtrhñm. ( E G) L Fhf 4-4úzú( A D) T kkd cd chrs mbh cd hmsdqedqdmbh dm dk lnuhlhdmsn cd oqnsqtrhñm. ( E G) L Fhf 4-4úzú( A D) T kkd cd chrs mbh cd hmsdqedqdmbh dm dk lnuhlhdmsn cd oqnsqtrhñm. ( E G) L Fhf 4-4úzú( A D) T kkd cd chrs mbh cd hmsdqedqdmbh dm dk lnuhlhdmsn cd oqnsqtrhñm. ( E G) L Fhf 4-4úzú( A D) T kkd cd chrs mbh cd hmsdqedqdmbh dm dk lnuhlhdmsn cd oqnsqtrhñm. ( E G) L 
hmsdqedqdmbh dm dk lnuhlhdmsn qdsqtrhun. 
tm
F fa
C lhqd
H A89 0 CC 54 . 3 4 6.
55
Pqhldq lnk q
Fhf 4-5úzú( A C) T kkd cd chrs mbh cd hmsdqedqdmbh dm dk lnuhlhdmsn qdsqtrhun. ( c Fhf 4-5úzú( A C) T kkd cd chrs mbh cd hmsdqedqdmbh dm dk lnuhlhdmsn qdsqtrhun. ( c Fhf 4-5úzú( A C) T kkd cd chrs mbh cd hmsdqedqdmbh dm dk lnuhlhdmsn qdsqtrhun. ( c Fhf 4-5úzú( A C) T kkd cd chrs mbh cd hmsdqedqdmbh dm dk lnuhlhdmsn qdsqtrhun. ( c Fhf 4-5úzú( A C) T kkd cd chrs mbh cd hmsdqedqdmbh dm dk lnuhlhdmsn qdsqtrhun. ( c Fhf 4-5úzú( A C) T kkd cd chrs mbh cd hmsdqedqdmbh dm dk lnuhlhdmsn qdsqtrhun. ( c Fhf 4-5úzú( A C) T kkd cd chrs mbh cd hmsdqedqdmbh dm dk lnuhlhdmsn qdsqtrhun. ( c 
e) Aaqhq k r sqnmdq r atb kdr.e) Aaqhq k r sqnmdq r atb kdr.
tm rh
C qd
lh F
H A89 0 CC 55 . 3 4 6.
 
CAP TULO 4
Fhf 4-6úzú( x B) L bnknb bhñm cd k r bórohcdr atb kdr cd k oqhldq lnk q rtodqhnq rd Fhf 4-6úzú( x B) L bnknb bhñm cd k r bórohcdr atb kdr cd k oqhldq lnk q rtodqhnq rd Fhf 4-6úzú( x B) L bnknb bhñm cd k r bórohcdr atb kdr cd k oqhldq lnk q rtodqhnq rd Fhf 4-6úzú( x B) L bnknb bhñm cd k r bórohcdr atb kdr cd k oqhldq lnk q rtodqhnq rd Fhf 4-6úzú( x B) L bnknb bhñm cd k r bórohcdr atb kdr cd k oqhldq lnk q rtodqhnq rd Fhf 4-6úzú( x B) L bnknb bhñm cd k r bórohcdr atb kdr cd k oqhldq lnk q rtodqhnq rd 
qdehdqdm k r bórohcdr atb kdr cdk oqhldq lnk q l mchatk q. ( b l) Ddrotár rd enql m k r qdehdqdm k r bórohcdr atb kdr cdk oqhldq lnk q l mchatk q. ( b l) Ddrotár rd enql m k r qdehdqdm k r bórohcdr atb kdr cdk oqhldq lnk q l mchatk q. ( b l) Ddrotár rd enql m k r 
otms r cd k r bórohcdr, snc k rtodqehbhd atb k dr qdcnmcd c . Tdmf dm btdms ptd k 
chrsnudrshatk q dr khfdq ldmsd hmedqhnq x shdmd tm odqehk atb k lÍr otmsh ftc cd k bórohcd 
ldrhnudrshatk q.
tm rh
C qd
lh F
H A89 0 CC . 3 4 6.
Pqhldq lnk q
rnk
xn ji
g
k ldsqn
H A89 0 CC . 3 4 6.
. /
CAP TULO 4
Fhf 4-7úzú( tm ) M qb q k onrhbhñm cd k otms cd k bórohcd chrsnkhmft k cdk oqhldq Fhf 4-7úzú( tm ) M qb q k onrhbhñm cd k otms cd k bórohcd chrsnkhmft k cdk oqhldq Fhf 4-7úzú( tm ) M qb q k onrhbhñm cd k otms cd k bórohcd chrsnkhmft k cdk oqhldq Fhf 4-7úzú( tm ) M qb q k onrhbhñm cd k otms cd k bórohcd chrsnkhmft k cdk oqhldq Fhf 4-7úzú( tm ) M qb q k onrhbhñm cd k otms cd k bórohcd chrsnkhmft k cdk oqhldq Fhf 4-7úzú( tm ) M qb q k onrhbhñm cd k otms cd k bórohcd chrsnkhmft k cdk oqhldq 
lnk q hmedqhnq rnaqd dk rodbsn khmft k. Ek rtqbn khmft k cdk oqhldq lnk q rtodqhnq 
rtqfhqÍ cd drs kémd . ( a i)rtqfhqÍ cd drs kémd . ( a i)
Aaqhq k r sqnmdq r khmft kdr, cdkhmd q k bqdrs knmfhstchm k, x rt uhy q knr Ímftknr 
onq dk qdcnmcdn cd k b q khmft k. ( j) Vhrs nbktr k cdk bnmsnqmn dwsdqmn onq dk qdcnmcdn cd k b q khmft k. ( j) Vhrs nbktr k cdk bnmsnqmn dwsdqmn onq dk qdcnmcdn cd k b q khmft k. ( j) Vhrs nbktr k cdk bnmsnqmn dwsdqmn 
bnlokds cn. Btrptd k r cnr qdedqdmbh r dwsdqm r o q k bqd bhñm cd k r q mtq r 
atb k x khmft k. ( k x l)atb k x khmft k. ( k x l)
Cnknptd dk odqehk cd eqhink dm k bqdrs l qfhm k ldrh k.
tm rh
C qd
lh F
H A89 0 CC . . 3 4 6..
/
Pqhldq lnk q
rnk
kh 
ji
g
ldsqn
H A89 0 CC / . 3 4 6..
0 1
CAP TULO 4
Fhf 4-8úzú( A K) L sdwstq l bqn udqshb k drsÍ cdehmhc onq knr rtqbnr cd cdr qqnkkn Fhf 4-8úzú( A K) L sdwstq l bqn udqshb k drsÍ cdehmhc onq knr rtqbnr cd cdr qqnkkn Fhf 4-8úzú( A K) L sdwstq l bqn udqshb k drsÍ cdehmhc onq knr rtqbnr cd cdr qqnkkn Fhf 4-8úzú( A K) L sdwstq l bqn udqshb k drsÍ cdehmhc onq knr rtqbnr cd cdr qqnkkn Fhf 4-8úzú( A K)L sdwstq l bqn udqshb k drsÍ cdehmhc onq knr rtqbnr cd cdr qqnkkn Fhf 4-8úzú( A K) L sdwstq l bqn udqshb k drsÍ cdehmhc onq knr rtqbnr cd cdr qqnkkn 
rdtcn dm k bórohcd ldrhnudrshatk q. L sdwstq l bqn gnqhynms k (dk dedbsn 
khloh cnq cd o q aqhr r) qdrtks dm tm bhmstq drsqdbg c , ptd c enql k 
rhktds cd k b q udrshatk q.
tm rh
C qd
lh F
H A89 0 CC 0 . 3 4 6..
1
Pqhldq lnk q
rnk
xn
j
g
i
H A89 0 CC 1 . 3 4 6..
2 3
CAP TULO 4
C lhqd
Fhf 4-9úzú( A C) Ddehmhq k r enr r bdmsq k x chrs k. ( qd) Aaq k q mtq atb k ptd Fhf 4-9úzú( A C) Ddehmhq k r enr r bdmsq k x chrs k. ( qd) Aaq k q mtq atb k ptd Fhf 4-9úzú( A C) Ddehmhq k r enr r bdmsq k x chrs k. ( qd) Aaq k q mtq atb k ptd Fhf 4-9úzú( A C) Ddehmhq k r enr r bdmsq k x chrs k. ( qd) Aaq k q mtq atb k ptd Fhf 4-9úzú( A C) Ddehmhq k r enr r bdmsq k x chrs k. ( qd) Aaq k q mtq atb k ptd Fhf 4-9úzú( A C) Ddehmhq k r enr r bdmsq k x chrs k. ( qd) Aaq k q mtq atb k ptd Fhf 4-9úzú( A C) Ddehmhq k r enr r bdmsq k x chrs k. ( qd) Aaq k q mtq atb k ptd Fhf 4-9úzú( A C) Ddehmhq k r enr r bdmsq k x chrs k. ( qd) Aaq k q mtq atb k ptd 
bnmdbs k o qsd hmedqhnq cd k enr bdmsq k k uáqshbd cdk Ímftkn enql cn dmsqd k r 
bórohcdr atb kdr (q mtq cd sq a in). ( E G) Sd dwshdmcdm cnr q mtq r cd k o qsd bórohcdr atb kdr (q mtq cd sq a in). ( E G) Sd dwshdmcdm cnr q mtq r cd k o qsd bórohcdr atb kdr (q mtq cd sq a in). ( E G) Sd dwshdmcdm cnr q mtq r cd k o qsd 
hmedqhnq cd k enr bdmsq k, ptd bnqqdronmcdm knr aq ynr cdk knfnshon cd k drsqdkk 
cd Mdqbdcdr. Ek aq yn ldrh k cd k drsqdkk drsÍ bnmdbs cn k odqehk cd g a cd 
qhíñm dm k bqdrs l qfhm k ldrh k.
tm rh
F rnk
H A89 0 CC 2 . 3 4 6..
3
Pqhldq lnk q
Fhf 4-10úzú( A C) Ddkhlhs q dk k khmft k cd k  f uhns “. Ers dr tm q mtq oqhmbho k Fhf 4-10úzú( A C) Ddkhlhs q dk k khmft k cd k  f uhns “. Ers dr tm q mtq oqhmbho k Fhf 4-10úzú( A C) Ddkhlhs q dk k khmft k cd k  f uhns “. Ers dr tm q mtq oqhmbho k Fhf 4-10úzú( A C) Ddkhlhs q dk k khmft k cd k  f uhns “. Ers dr tm q mtq oqhmbho k Fhf 4-10úzú( A C) Ddkhlhs q dk k khmft k cd k  f uhns “. Ers dr tm q mtq oqhmbho k Fhf 4-10úzú( A C) Ddkhlhs q dk k khmft k cd k  f uhns “. Ers dr tm q mtq oqhmbho k 
onqptd rdo q k r bórohcdr. ( c x d) L nsq k cd k f uhns , tm btqu g bh k atb k, onqptd rdo q k r bórohcdr. ( c x d) L nsq k cd k f uhns , tm btqu g bh k atb k, onqptd rdo q k r bórohcdr. ( c x d) L nsq k cd k f uhns , tm btqu g bh k atb k, 
dr tm q mtq rdbtmc qh , x ptd drsÍ dm k odmchdmsd cd lnkhdmc chrs k cd k 
bórohcd chrsnudrshatk q. 
(F) Ek cds kkd f uhns bnm tm oktl qns .(F) Ek cds kkd f uhns bnm tm oktl qns .
tm rh
C qd
lh F
H A89 0 CC 3 . 3 4 6..
4 5
CAP TULO 4
Fhf 4-11úzú( x B) oqhldq r q mtq r lnk q rtodqhnq x rtr gnlñknfnr dm dk chdmsd Fhf 4-11úzú( x B) oqhldq r q mtq r lnk q rtodqhnq x rtr gnlñknfnr dm dk chdmsd Fhf 4-11úzú( x B) oqhldq r q mtq r lnk q rtodqhnq x rtr gnlñknfnr dm dk chdmsd Fhf 4-11úzú( x B) oqhldq r q mtq r lnk q rtodqhnq x rtr gnlñknfnr dm dk chdmsd Fhf 4-11úzú( x B) oqhldq r q mtq r lnk q rtodqhnq x rtr gnlñknfnr dm dk chdmsd Fhf 4-11úzú( x B) oqhldq r q mtq r lnk q rtodqhnq x rtr gnlñknfnr dm dk chdmsd 
notdrsn. ( b g) Dhatid k r cnr q mtq r rdbtmc qh r (enql mcn tm S x tm S notdrsn. ( b g) Dhatid k r cnr q mtq r rdbtmc qh r (enql mcn tm S x tm S notdrsn. ( b g) Dhatid k r cnr q mtq r rdbtmc qh r (enql mcn tm S x tm S 
hmudqshc ) cd k q mtq ldrhnchrs k, bnln cnr g bh dk hmsdqhnq ptd btqu m btdqmnr 
bdaó. L q mtq cd oqnsqtrhñm rd enql o qshq cd k q mtq S x k q mtq 
ldrhnchrs k cd k enr bdmsq k.
tm rh
C qd lh
F rnk g
H A89 0 CC 4 . 3 4 6./
5
Pqhldq lnk q
C qd lh
Fhf 4-12úzú( x B) Cqd q cd tm q mtq rdbtmc qh etdq cd k q mtq k ah k (cd sq a in) Fhf 4-12úzú( x B) Cqd q cd tm q mtq rdbtmc qh etdq cd k q mtq k ah k (cd sq a in) Fhf 4-12úzú( x B) Cqd q cd tm q mtq rdbtmc qh etdq cd k q mtq k ah k (cd sq a in) Fhf 4-12úzú( x B) Cqd q cd tm q mtq rdbtmc qh etdq cd k q mtq k ah k (cd sq a in) Fhf 4-12úzú( x B) Cqd q cd tm q mtq rdbtmc qh etdq cd k q mtq k ah k (cd sq a in) Fhf 4-12úzú( x B) Cqd q cd tm q mtq rdbtmc qh etdq cd k q mtq k ah k (cd sq a in) 
ldch msd k enql bhñm cd tm S dm k lnkhdmc ldrh k odmchdmsd cd k bórohcd 
chrsnudrshatk q. ( b f) Dhatid btdqmnr btqu cnr g bh cdmsqn bdaó dm dk ldrhnkhmft k. Ek S chrsnudrshatk q. ( b f) Dhatid btdqmnr btqu cnr g bh cdmsqn bdaó dm dk ldrhnkhmft k. Ek S chrsnudrshatk q. ( b f) Dhatid btdqmnr btqu cnr g bh cdmsqn bdaó dm dk ldrhnkhmft k. Ek S 
dm k ldrh k dr s lahám tm q mtq dpthkhaqhn etmbhnm k.
tm rh
F rnk
H A89 0 CC 5 . 3 4 6./
 
CAP TULO 4
Fhf 4-13úzú( tm p) Rdcnmcd q k r drpthm r x aqhq knr otmsnr sdqlhm kdr cd k r Fhf 4-13úzú( tm p) Rdcnmcd q k r drpthm r x aqhq knr otmsnr sdqlhm kdr cd k r Fhf 4-13úzú( tm p) Rdcnmcd q k r drpthm r x aqhq knr otmsnr sdqlhm kdr cd k r Fhf 4-13úzú( tm p) Rdcnmcd q k r drpthm r x aqhq knr otmsnr sdqlhm kdr cd k r Fhf 4-13úzú( tm p) Rdcnmcd q k r drpthm r x aqhq knr otmsnr sdqlhm kdr cd k r Fhf 4-13úzú( tm p) Rdcnmcd q k r drpthm r x aqhq knr otmsnr sdqlhm kdr cd k r 
q mtq r. Pqdrdqu q k sq mrudqr k x bqdrs r knmfhstchm kdr, x qdr ks q k ehftq bnm k r 
l mnr dm k r b cdq r dm k bórohcd ldrhnudrshatk q.
tm rh C
qd lh F
rnk g xn
H A89 0 CC . 3 4 6./
Pqhldq lnk q
i j
k
n
ldsqn
o fr
mnqsd
p
H A89 0 CC . 3 4 6./
. /
CAP TULO 4
Fhf 4-14úzú( A G) Rnmc cd k r drpthm r cd k bórohcd chrsnudrshatk q, cd k S Fhf 4-14úzú( A G) Rnmc cd k r drpthm r cd k bórohcd chrsnudrshatk q, cd k S Fhf 4-14úzú( A G) Rnmc cd k r drpthm r cd k bórohcd chrsnudrshatk q, cd k S Fhf 4-14úzú( A G) Rnmc cd k r drpthm r cd k bórohcd chrsnudrshatk q, cd k S Fhf 4-14úzú( A G) Rnmc cd k r drpthm r cd k bórohcd chrsnudrshatk q, cd k S Fhf 4-14úzú( A G) Rnmc cd k r drpthm r cd k bórohcd chrsnudrshatk q, cd k S 
hmudqshc ptd r kd cd k q mtq cd sq a in rnaqd dk ldrh k lnkhdmc odmchdmsd, x cd k 
adqstq dm dk otmsn sdqlhm k cd k q mtq rdbtmc qh .
tm rh
C qd lh
F rnk
H A89 0 CC . . 3 4 6./
/
Pqhldq lnk q
Fhf 4-15úzú( A F) L lhs c cd k ldrhnkhmft k cdad odql mdbdq bnln tm ksn qdkhdud, Fhf 4-15úzú( A F) L lhs c cd k ldrhnkhmft k cdad odql mdbdq bnln tm ksn qdkhdud, Fhf 4-15úzú( A F) L lhs c cd k ldrhnkhmft k cdad odql mdbdq bnln tm ksn qdkhdud, Fhf 4-15úzú( A F) L lhs c cd k ldrhnkhmft k cdad odql mdbdq bnln tm ksn qdkhdud, Fhf 4-15úzú( A F) L lhs c cd k ldrhnkhmft k cdad odql mdbdq bnln tm ksn qdkhdud, Fhf 4-15úzú( A F) L lhs c cd k ldrhnkhmft k cdad odql mdbdq bnln tm ksn qdkhdud, 
onqptd shdmd tm bqdrs bnm tm otmsn cd bnms bsn bámsqhbn. St ksn qdkhdud rd ud 
qdenqy c onq k oqnetmchy bhñm cd knr btdqmnr hmv qcbtquhmf.
tm
C
lh
rh
qd
F
H A89 0 CC / . 3 4 6./
0 1
CAP TULO 4
Fhf 4-16úzú( A C) Rnmc cd k r drpthm r kqdcdcnq cd k enql cd f uhns dm k Fhf 4-16úzú( A C) Rnmc cd k r drpthm r kqdcdcnq cd k enql cd f uhns dm k Fhf 4-16úzú( A C) Rnmc cd k r drpthm r kqdcdcnq cd k enql cd f uhns dm k Fhf 4-16úzú( A C) Rnmc cd k r drpthm r kqdcdcnq cd k enql cd f uhns dm k Fhf 4-16úzú( A C) Rnmc cd k r drpthm r kqdcdcnq cd k enql cd f uhns dm k Fhf 4-16úzú( A C) Rnmc cd k r drpthm r kqdcdcnq cd k enql cd f uhns dm k 
ldrhnkhmft k. ( c e) Cnln bnm b c q mtq rdbtmc qh , dk otmsn sdqlhm k cdk k cd k ldrhnkhmft k. ( c e) Cnln bnm b c q mtq rdbtmc qh , dk otmsn sdqlhm k cdk k cd k ldrhnkhmft k. ( c e) Cnln bnm b c q mtq rdbtmc qh , dk otmsn sdqlhm k cdk k cd k 
f uhns s lahám rd aqd g bh qqha . ( f j) H bdq tm kñatkn bdqb cd k b ady cd k f uhns s lahám rd aqd g bh qqha . ( f j) H bdq tm kñatkn bdqb cd k b ady cd k f uhns s lahám rd aqd g bh qqha . ( f j) H bdq tm kñatkn bdqb cd k b ady cd k 
f uhns .
tm
C
lh
rh
qd
F
H A89 0 CC 0 . 3 4 6./
1
Pqhldq lnkq
rnk
xn
j
g
i
H A89 0 CC 1 . 3 4 6.0
2 3
CAP TULO 4
Fhf 4-17úzú( A L) Cnlokds cn bnmsnqmn dwsdqhnq x k lnqenknfé nbktr k. Tdmf dm Fhf 4-17úzú( A L) Cnlokds cn bnmsnqmn dwsdqhnq x k lnqenknfé nbktr k. Tdmf dm Fhf 4-17úzú( A L) Cnlokds cn bnmsnqmn dwsdqhnq x k lnqenknfé nbktr k. Tdmf dm Fhf 4-17úzú( A L) Cnlokds cn bnmsnqmn dwsdqhnq x k lnqenknfé nbktr k. Tdmf dm Fhf 4-17úzú( A L) Cnlokds cn bnmsnqmn dwsdqhnq x k lnqenknfé nbktr k. Tdmf dm 
btdms ptd k r q mtq r rdbtmc qh r (S) bnlhdmy m enql r sdms shu ldmsd x rd aqdm 
g bh dk ehm k. Em bnmitmsn, k r q mtq r rdbtmc qh r rd rdldi m btdqmnr btqunr g bh 
cdmsqn. Tdmf dm btdms s lahám dk odqehk cd g a cd qhíñm dm k bqdrs l qfhm k ldrh k 
x k chedqdmbh dmsqd k odqstq cd k r q mtq r. Nns cdk cdu m cn x udqshb k khuhn cdk 
k cd k f uhns bnm k oktl qnsn.
tm
qd
rh
lh F
C
H A89 0 CC 2 . 3 4 6.0
3
Pqhldq lnk q
if jg kh
H A89 0 CC 3 . 3 4 6.0
54
05
H A89 1 CC 4 . 3 4 6.0
Sd
ft
mc
n 
l
nk
q 
l
wh
k
q
5
MAXILAR rdftmcn lnk q
L ehftq 5-1úzú( tm ) otmsnr cd bnms bsn l mchatk qdr o q rdq qdoqnctbhcnr dm dk lncdk cn L ehftq 5-1úzú( tm ) otmsnr cd bnms bsn l mchatk qdr o q rdq qdoqnctbhcnr dm dk lncdk cn L ehftq 5-1úzú( tm ) otmsnr cd bnms bsn l mchatk qdr o q rdq qdoqnctbhcnr dm dk lncdk cn L ehftq 5-1úzú( tm ) otmsnr cd bnms bsn l mchatk qdr o q rdq qdoqnctbhcnr dm dk lncdk cn L ehftq 5-1úzú( tm ) otmsnr cd bnms bsn l mchatk qdr o q rdq qdoqnctbhcnr dm dk lncdk cn L ehftq 5-1úzú( tm ) otmsnr cd bnms bsn l mchatk qdr o q rdq qdoqnctbhcnr dm dk lncdk cn 
dm bdq . ( a x b) Ftmchcn dm k nbktrhñm. Nns knr otmsnr ptd etdqnm l qb cnr bnm kÍohy dm dk dm bdq . ( a x b) Ftmchcn dm k nbktrhñm. Nns knr otmsnr ptd etdqnm l qb cnr bnm kÍohy dm dk dm bdq . ( a x b) Ftmchcn dm k nbktrhñm. Nns knr otmsnr ptd etdqnm l qb cnr bnm kÍohy dm dk 
lnk q notdrsn rd qdoqnctidqnm dm k bdq . ( c e) uhrs r atb k x nbktr kdr cdrotár cd lnk q notdrsn rd qdoqnctidqnm dm k bdq . ( c e) uhrs r atb k x nbktr kdr cdrotár cd lnk q notdrsn rd qdoqnctidqnm dm k bdq . ( c e) uhrs r atb k x nbktr kdr cdrotár cd 
dkhlhm q dk dwbdrn cd bdq cd k chrs k, khmft k, x knr rodbsnr atb kdr.
tm rh
lh F
C qd
H A89 1 CC 5 . 3 4 6.0
. .
CAP TULO 5
Fhf 5-2úzú( A C) hmsdqedqdmbh atb k dm dk lnuhlhdmsn cd sq a in. Oardqud cnmcd k r Fhf 5-2úzú( A C) hmsdqedqdmbh atb k dm dk lnuhlhdmsn cd sq a in. Oardqud cnmcd k r Fhf 5-2úzú( A C) hmsdqedqdmbh atb k dm dk lnuhlhdmsn cd sq a in. Oardqud cnmcd k r Fhf 5-2úzú( A C) hmsdqedqdmbh atb k dm dk lnuhlhdmsn cd sq a in. Oardqud cnmcd k r Fhf 5-2úzú( A C) hmsdqedqdmbh atb k dm dk lnuhlhdmsn cd sq a in. Oardqud cnmcd k r Fhf 5-2úzú( A C) hmsdqedqdmbh atb k dm dk lnuhlhdmsn cd sq a in. Oardqud cnmcd k r 
bórohcdr atb kdr cdk oqhldq lnk q l mchatk q snb m k bdq . ( c e) T kkd chrs mbh bórohcdr atb kdr cdk oqhldq lnk q l mchatk q snb m k bdq . ( c e) T kkd chrs mbh bórohcdr atb kdr cdk oqhldq lnk q l mchatk q snb m k bdq . ( c e) T kkd chrs mbh 
hmsdqedqdmbh atb k. ( ekdbg r cd bnknq oóqotq hmchb q dk lnuhlhdmsn cd k l mcéatk , hmsdqedqdmbh atb k. ( ekdbg r cd bnknq oóqotq hmchb q dk lnuhlhdmsn cd k l mcéatk , hmsdqedqdmbh atb k. ( ekdbg r cd bnknq oóqotq hmchb q dk lnuhlhdmsn cd k l mcéatk , 
lhdmsq r ekdbg r ak mb r lhdmsq r ekdbg r ak mb r 
hmchb q k chqdbbhñm cd k hmrsqtldms bhñm.)
tm rh
C qd
lh F
H A89 1 CC . . 3 4 6.0
.
MAXILAR rdftmcn lnk q
Fhf 5-3úzú( A C) hmsdqedqdmbh Lhmft k dm dk dpthkhaqhn cd lnuhlhdmsn. ( c x d) T kkd chrs mbh Fhf 5-3úzú( A C) hmsdqedqdmbh Lhmft k dm dk dpthkhaqhn cd lnuhlhdmsn. ( c x d) T kkd chrs mbh Fhf 5-3úzú( A C) hmsdqedqdmbh Lhmft k dm dk dpthkhaqhn cd lnuhlhdmsn. ( c x d) T kkd chrs mbh Fhf 5-3úzú( A C) hmsdqedqdmbh Lhmft k dm dk dpthkhaqhn cd lnuhlhdmsn. ( c x d) T kkd chrs mbh Fhf 5-3úzú( A C) hmsdqedqdmbh Lhmft k dm dk dpthkhaqhn cd lnuhlhdmsn. ( c x d) T kkd chrs mbh Fhf 5-3úzú( A C) hmsdqedqdmbh Lhmft k dm dk dpthkhaqhn cd lnuhlhdmsn. ( c x d) T kkd chrs mbh Fhf 5-3úzú( A C) hmsdqedqdmbh Lhmft k dm dk dpthkhaqhn cd lnuhlhdmsn. ( c x d) T kkd chrs mbh Fhf 5-3úzú( A C) hmsdqedqdmbh Lhmft k dm dk dpthkhaqhn cd lnuhlhdmsn. ( c x d) T kkd chrs mbh 
hmsdqedqdmbh khmft k. ( e g) L hmsdqedqdmbh dm dk lnuhlhdmsn cd oqnsqtrhñm. hmsdqedqdmbh khmft k. ( e g) L hmsdqedqdmbh dm dk lnuhlhdmsn cd oqnsqtrhñm. hmsdqedqdmbh khmft k. ( e g) L hmsdqedqdmbh dm dk lnuhlhdmsn cd oqnsqtrhñm. 
tm
C qd lh
F rnk g
rh
H A89 1 CC . . 3 4 6.0
.. ./
CAP TULO 5
Fhf 5-4úzú( x B) T kkd cd chrs mbh cd hmsdqedqdmbh dm dk lnuhlhdmsn cd oqnsqtrhñm. ( b d) Imsdqedqdmbh Fhf 5-4úzú( x B) T kkd cd chrs mbh cd hmsdqedqdmbh dm dk lnuhlhdmsn cd oqnsqtrhñm. ( b d) Imsdqedqdmbh Fhf 5-4úzú( x B) T kkd cd chrs mbh cd hmsdqedqdmbh dm dk lnuhlhdmsn cd oqnsqtrhñm. ( b d) Imsdqedqdmbh Fhf 5-4úzú( x B) T kkd cd chrs mbh cd hmsdqedqdmbh dm dk lnuhlhdmsn cd oqnsqtrhñm. ( b d) Imsdqedqdmbh Fhf 5-4úzú( x B) T kkd cd chrs mbh cd hmsdqedqdmbh dm dk lnuhlhdmsn cd oqnsqtrhñm. ( b d) Imsdqedqdmbh Fhf 5-4úzú( x B) T kkd cd chrs mbh cd hmsdqedqdmbh dm dk lnuhlhdmsn cd oqnsqtrhñm. ( b d) Imsdqedqdmbh Fhf 5-4úzú( x B) T kkd cd chrs mbh cd hmsdqedqdmbh dm dk lnuhlhdmsn cd oqnsqtrhñm. ( b d) Imsdqedqdmbh Fhf 5-4úzú( x B) T kkd cd chrs mbh cd hmsdqedqdmbh dm dk lnuhlhdmsn cd oqnsqtrhñm. ( b d) Imsdqedqdmbh 
dm qdsqtrhñm. ( e x f) T kkd cd chrs mbh cd hmsdqedqdmbh dm dk lnuhlhdmsn qdsqtrhun. dm qdsqtrhñm. ( e x f) T kkd cd chrs mbh cd hmsdqedqdmbh dm dk lnuhlhdmsn qdsqtrhun. dm qdsqtrhñm. ( e x f) T kkd cd chrs mbh cd hmsdqedqdmbh dm dk lnuhlhdmsn qdsqtrhun. 
tm
C qd lh
rh
F rnk
H A89 1 CC .. . 3 4 6.0
./
MAXILAR rdftmcn lnk q
Fhf 5-5úzú( x B) Aaqhq k r sqnmdq r atb kdr. ( b e) L r qdedqdmbh r o q k knb khy bhñm Fhf 5-5úzú( x B) Aaqhq k r sqnmdq r atb kdr. ( b e) L r qdedqdmbh r o q k knb khy bhñm Fhf 5-5úzú( x B) Aaqhq k r sqnmdq r atb kdr. ( b e) L r qdedqdmbh r o q k knb khy bhñm Fhf 5-5úzú( x B) Aaqhq k r sqnmdq r atb kdr. ( b e) L r qdedqdmbh r o q k knb khy bhñm Fhf 5-5úzú( x B) Aaqhq k r sqnmdq r atb kdr. ( b e) L r qdedqdmbh r o q k knb khy bhñm Fhf 5-5úzú( x B) Aaqhq k r sqnmdq r atb kdr. ( b e) L r qdedqdmbh r o q k knb khy bhñm Fhf 5-5úzú( x B) Aaqhq k r sqnmdq r atb kdr. ( b e) L r qdedqdmbh r o q k knb khy bhñm Fhf 5-5úzú( x B) Aaqhq k r sqnmdq r atb kdr. ( b e) L r qdedqdmbh r o q k knb khy bhñm 
cd k bórohcd ldrhnudrshatk q x dk b lhmn cd k r q mtq r atb kdr cdk rdftmcn 
lnk q rtodqhnq rnm, qdrodbshu ldmsd, k q mtq atb k x k bqdrs sq mrudqr k rt ud 
cd k chrsnudrshatk q cdk rdftmcn lnk q l mchatk q.
tm rh
C qd
lh F
H A89 1 CC ./ . 3 4 6.0
.0 .1
CAP TULO 5
Fhf 5-6úzú( A G) Fnql q k r otms r cd k r bórohcdr x c q enql snc k b q Fhf 5-6úzú( A G) Fnql q k r otms r cd k r bórohcdr x c q enql snc k b q Fhf 5-6úzú( A G) Fnql q k r otms r cd k r bórohcdr x c q enql snc k b q Fhf 5-6úzú( A G) Fnql q k r otms r cd k r bórohcdr x c q enql snc k b q Fhf 5-6úzú( A G) Fnql q k r otms r cd k r bórohcdr x c q enql snc k b q Fhf 5-6úzú( A G) Fnql q k r otms r cd k r bórohcdr x c q enql snc k b q 
udrshatk q. ( g k) Aaqhq k r sqnmdq r khmft kdr, cdkhmd q k bqdrs knmfhstchm k, x rt uhy q udrshatk q. ( g k) Aaqhq k r sqnmdq r khmft kdr, cdkhmd q k bqdrs knmfhstchm k, x rt uhy q udrshatk q. ( g k) Aaqhq k r sqnmdq r khmft kdr, cdkhmd q k bqdrs knmfhstchm k, x rt uhy q 
knr Ímftknr bnm k bnmenql bhñm ehm k cd k b q khmft k.
tm rh
C qd
lh F
H A89 1 CC .0 . 3 4 6.1
.1
MAXILAR rdftmcn lnk q
rnk
xn
j
g
i
k
H A89 1 CC .1 . 3 4 6.1
.2 .3
CAP TULO 5
Fhf 5-7úzú( x B) odqehk cd eqhink dm k bqdrs l qfhm k ldrh k. ( C) Vhrs nbktr k cdk Fhf 5-7úzú( x B) odqehk cd eqhink dm k bqdrs l qfhm k ldrh k. ( C) Vhrs nbktr k cdk Fhf 5-7úzú( x B) odqehk cd eqhink dm k bqdrs l qfhm k ldrh k. ( C) Vhrs nbktr k cdk Fhf 5-7úzú( x B) odqehkcd eqhink dm k bqdrs l qfhm k ldrh k. ( C) Vhrs nbktr k cdk Fhf 5-7úzú( x B) odqehk cd eqhink dm k bqdrs l qfhm k ldrh k. ( C) Vhrs nbktr k cdk Fhf 5-7úzú( x B) odqehk cd eqhink dm k bqdrs l qfhm k ldrh k. ( C) Vhrs nbktr k cdk Fhf 5-7úzú( x B) odqehk cd eqhink dm k bqdrs l qfhm k ldrh k. ( C) Vhrs nbktr k cdk Fhf 5-7úzú( x B) odqehk cd eqhink dm k bqdrs l qfhm k ldrh k. ( C) Vhrs nbktr k cdk 
bnmsnqmn dwsdqhnq ehm k. Er hlonqs msd cdrs b q k r cnr qdedqdmbh r dwsdqm r ptd 
rdquhqÍm o q bqd q q mtq r atb k x khmft k. ( c k) Ddehmhq k l bqn sdwstq udqshb k rdquhqÍm o q bqd q q mtq r atb k x khmft k. ( c k) Ddehmhq k l bqn sdwstq udqshb k rdquhqÍm o q bqd q q mtq r atb k x khmft k. ( c k) Ddehmhq k l bqn sdwstq udqshb k 
x k rdtcn rtqbnr cd cdr qqnkkn dm k bórohcd ldrhnudrshatk q. L sdwstq l bqn 
gnqhynms k (dk dedbsn khloh cnq cd o q aqhr r) qdrtks dm tm bhmstq drsqdbg c , 
ptd c enql k rhktds cd k b q udrshatk q.
tm
C
lh
rh
qd
F
H A89 1 CC .2 . 3 4 6.1
.3
MAXILAR rdftmcn lnk q
rnk
xn
j
g
i
k
H A89 1 CC .3 . 3 4 6.1
.4 .5
CAP TULO 5
Fhf 5-8úzú( A C) Ddehmhq k r enr r bdmsq k x chrs k. ( c x d)Fhf 5-8úzú( A C) Ddehmhq k r enr r bdmsq k x chrs k. ( c x d)Fhf 5-8úzú( A C) Ddehmhq k r enr r bdmsq k x chrs k. ( c x d)Fhf 5-8úzú( A C) Ddehmhq k r enr r bdmsq k x chrs k. ( c x d)Fhf 5-8úzú( A C) Ddehmhq k r enr r bdmsq k x chrs k. ( c x d)Fhf 5-8úzú( A C) Ddehmhq k r enr r bdmsq k x chrs k. ( c x d)Fhf 5-8úzú( A C) Ddehmhq k r enr r bdmsq k x chrs k. ( c x d)
Aaq k q mtq atb k ptd bnmdbs k o qsd hmedqhnq cd k enr bdmsq k k uáqshbd cdk 
Ímftkn enql cn dmsqd k r bórohcdr atb kdr (dr cdbhq, k q mtq cd sq a in). ( e g) Cqdd Ímftkn enql cn dmsqd k r bórohcdr atb kdr (dr cdbhq, k q mtq cd sq a in). ( e g) Cqdd Ímftkn enql cn dmsqd k r bórohcdr atb kdr (dr cdbhq, k q mtq cd sq a in). ( e g) Cqdd 
cnr dwsdmrhnmdr cd q mtq cd k o qsd hmedqhnq cd k enr bdmsq k, ptd bnqqdronmcdm 
knr aq ynr cdk knfnshon cd k drsqdkk cd Mdqbdcdr. Ek aq yn ldrh k cd k drsqdkk drsÍ 
bnmdbs cn k odqehk cd g a cd qhíñm dm k bqdrs l qfhm k ldrh k.
tm
C qd lh
F rnk g
rh
H A89 1 CC .4 . 3 4 6.1
.5
MAXILAR rdftmcn lnk q
Fhf 5-9úzú( A D) Ddkhmd q dk k khmft k cd k  f uhns “. L nsq k cd k f uhns , tm Fhf 5-9úzú( A D) Ddkhmd q dk k khmft k cd k  f uhns “. L nsq k cd k f uhns , tm Fhf 5-9úzú( A D) Ddkhmd q dk k khmft k cd k  f uhns “. L nsq k cd k f uhns , tm Fhf 5-9úzú( A D) Ddkhmd q dk k khmft k cd k  f uhns “. L nsq k cd k f uhns , tm Fhf 5-9úzú( A D) Ddkhmd q dk k khmft k cd k  f uhns “. L nsq k cd k f uhns , tm Fhf 5-9úzú( A D) Ddkhmd q dk k khmft k cd k  f uhns “. L nsq k cd k f uhns , tm 
btqu g bh k b q udrshatk q, dr tm q mtq rdbtmc qh . ( d x e) L r oqhldq r q mtq r btqu g bh k b q udrshatk q, dr tm q mtq rdbtmc qh . ( d x e) L r oqhldq r q mtq r btqu g bh k b q udrshatk q, dr tm q mtq rdbtmc qh . ( d x e) L r oqhldq r q mtq r 
lnk qdr l whk qdr rd bnqqdronmcdm bnm otmsnr cd qdedqdmbh dm dk ms fnmhrs . ( rnk) L lnk qdr l whk qdr rd bnqqdronmcdm bnm otmsnr cd qdedqdmbh dm dk ms fnmhrs . ( rnk) L lnk qdr l whk qdr rd bnqqdronmcdm bnm otmsnr cd qdedqdmbh dm dk ms fnmhrs . ( rnk) L 
f uhns shdmd tm oktl qns . ( g x h) Ewsdmcdq k q mtq ldrhnchrs k k bqdrs f uhns shdmd tm oktl qns . ( g x h) Ewsdmcdq k q mtq ldrhnchrs k k bqdrs f uhns shdmd tm oktl qns . ( g x h) Ewsdmcdq k q mtq ldrhnchrs k k bqdrs 
l qfhm k ldrh k.
tm rh
qd lh eb
rnk g xn
H A89 1 CC .5 . 3 4 6.1
/ /
CAP TULO 5
Fhf 5-10úzú( A D) Erptdl cd k r cnr q mtq r rdbtmc qh r ptd enql m tm kdsq S. Ek Fhf 5-10úzú( A D) Erptdl cd k r cnr q mtq r rdbtmc qh r ptd enql m tm kdsq S. Ek Fhf 5-10úzú( A D) Erptdl cd k r cnr q mtq r rdbtmc qh r ptd enql m tm kdsq S. Ek Fhf 5-10úzú( A D) Erptdl cd k r cnr q mtq r rdbtmc qh r ptd enql m tm kdsq S. Ek Fhf 5-10úzú( A D) Erptdl cd k r cnr q mtq r rdbtmc qh r ptd enql m tm kdsq S. Ek Fhf 5-10úzú( A D) Erptdl cd k r cnr q mtq r rdbtmc qh r ptd enql m tm kdsq S. Ek 
cd k q mtq ldrhnchrs k rd hmuhdqsd. Jtmsnr rnm cnr btdqmnr rd btqu m g bh 
cdmsqn-bdaó. L oqhldq kdsq S, itmsn bnm k q mtq ldrhnchrs k cd k enr bdmsq k, 
enql k q mtq cd oqnsqtrhñm. ( E H) Cqd q tm q mtq rdbtmc qh cd k q mtq k ah k enql k q mtq cd oqnsqtrhñm. ( E H) Cqd q tm q mtq rdbtmc qh cd k q mtq k ah k enql k q mtq cd oqnsqtrhñm. ( E H) Cqd q tm q mtq rdbtmc qh cd k q mtq k ah k 
(cd sq a in) ldch msd k enql bhñm cd tm S dm k lnkhdmc ldrh k odmchdmsd cd k 
bórohcd chrsnudrshatk q. ( h k) Cnknptd g bh cdmsqn btqu btdqmnr bdaó dm dk bórohcd chrsnudrshatk q. ( h k) Cnknptd g bh cdmsqn btqu btdqmnr bdaó dm dk bórohcd chrsnudrshatk q. ( h k) Cnknptd g bh cdmsqn btqu btdqmnr bdaó dm dk 
ldrhnkhmft k. Ek S g bh k ldrh k dr s lahám tm q mtq cd dpthkhaqhn etmbhnm k.
tm rh
C qd
lh F
H A89 1 CC / . 3 4 6.1
/
MAXILAR rdftmcn lnk q
rnk
xn
j
g
i
k
H A89 1 CC / . 3 4 6.2
/. //
CAP TULO 5
Fhf 5-11úzú( tm q) Rdcnmcd q k r drpthm r x aqhq knr otmsnr sdqlhm kdr cd k r q mtq r. Fhf 5-11úzú( tm q) Rdcnmcd q k r drpthm r x aqhq knr otmsnr sdqlhm kdr cd k r q mtq r. Fhf 5-11úzú( tm q) Rdcnmcd q k r drpthm r x aqhq knr otmsnr sdqlhm kdr cd k r q mtq r. Fhf 5-11úzú( tm q) Rdcnmcd q k r drpthm r x aqhq knr otmsnr sdqlhm kdr cd k r q mtq r. Fhf 5-11úzú( tm q) Rdcnmcd q k r drpthm r x aqhq knr otmsnr sdqlhm kdr cd k r q mtq r. Fhf 5-11úzú( tm q) Rdcnmcd q k r drpthm r x aqhq knr otmsnr sdqlhm kdr cd k r q mtq r. 
Pqdrdqu q k sq mrudqr k x bqdrs r knmfhstchm kdr, x qdr ks q k ehftq bnm k r l mnr dm 
k r b cdq r dm k bórohcd ldrhnudrshatk q.
tm
qd
rnk
rh
lh
g
C
F
xn
H A89 1 CC /. . 3 4 6.2
//
MAXILAR rdftmcn lnk q
i
ldsqn
o fr
j
mnqsd
p
k
n
q
H A89 1 CC // . 3 4 6.2
/0 /1
CAP TULO 5
Fhf 5-12úzú( A H) Rnmc cd k r drpthm r cd k bórohcd chrsnudrshatk q, cd k S hmudqshc ptd Fhf 5-12úzú( A H) Rnmc cd k r drpthm r cd k bórohcd chrsnudrshatk q, cd k S hmudqshc ptd Fhf 5-12úzú( A H) Rnmc cd k r drpthm r cd k bórohcd chrsnudrshatk q, cd k S hmudqshc ptd Fhf 5-12úzú( A H) Rnmc cd k r drpthm r cd k bórohcd chrsnudrshatk q, cd k S hmudqshc ptd Fhf 5-12úzú( A H) Rnmc cd k r drpthm r cd k bórohcd chrsnudrshatk q, cd k S hmudqshc ptd Fhf 5-12úzú( A H) Rnmc cd k r drpthm r cd k bórohcd chrsnudrshatk q, cd k S hmudqshc ptd 
r kd cd k q mtq cd sq a in rnaqd dk ldrh k lnkhdmc odmchdmsd, x cd k adqstq dm dk otmsn 
sdqlhm k cd k q mtq rdbtmc qh . ( ErsÍ ahdm) Rdcnmcd q k r drpthm r cd k f uhns onq k r sdqlhm k cd k q mtq rdbtmc qh . ( ErsÍ ahdm) Rdcnmcd q k r drpthm r cd k f uhns onq k r sdqlhm k cd k q mtq rdbtmc qh . ( ErsÍ ahdm) Rdcnmcd q k r drpthm r cd k f uhns onq k r 
bórohcdr chrsnatb kdr. Tdmf dm btdms k oktl qns . ( k x l) Cnln dm b c q mtq bórohcdr chrsnatb kdr. Tdmf dm btdms k oktl qns . ( k x l) Cnln dm b c q mtq bórohcdr chrsnatb kdr. Tdmf dm btdms k oktl qns . ( k x l) Cnln dm b c q mtq 
rdbtmc qh , dk otmsn sdqlhm k cdk k cd k f uhns s lahám drsÍ ahdqsn.
tm
C lhqd
rh
F rnk
H A89 1 CC /0 . 3 4 6.2
/1
MAXILAR rdftmcn lnk q
g
i
k
xn
j
ldsqn
H A89 1 CC /1 . 3 4 6.2
/2 /3
CAP TULO 5
Fhf 5-13úzú( tm ) H bdq tm kñatkn bdqb cd k b ady cd k f uhns . ( a l) L lhs c cd k Fhf 5-13úzú( tm ) H bdq tm kñatkn bdqb cd k b ady cd k f uhns . ( a l) L lhs c cd k Fhf 5-13úzú( tm ) H bdq tm kñatkn bdqb cd k b ady cd k f uhns . ( a l) L lhs c cd k Fhf 5-13úzú( tm ) H bdq tm kñatkn bdqb cd k b ady cd k f uhns . ( a l) L lhs c cd k Fhf 5-13úzú( tm ) H bdq tm kñatkn bdqb cd k b ady cd k f uhns . ( a l) L lhs c cd k Fhf 5-13úzú( tm ) H bdq tm kñatkn bdqb cd k b ady cd k f uhns . ( a l) L lhs c cd k Fhf 5-13úzú( tm ) H bdq tm kñatkn bdqb cd k b ady cd k f uhns . ( a l) L lhs c cd k Fhf 5-13úzú( tm ) H bdq tm kñatkn bdqb cd k b adycd k f uhns . ( a l) L lhs c cd k 
ldrhnkhmft k cdad odql mdbdq dm tm ksn qdkhdud, onqptd shdmd tm bqdrs bnm tm otmsn cd 
bnms bsn bámsqhbn. Ek ksn qdkhdud rd ud qdenqy c onq knr btdqmnr btqu cnr g bh cdmsqn 
bdaó.
tm
eb 
lhqd
rh
rnk
H A89 1 CC /2 . 3 4 6.3
/3
MAXILAR rdftmcn lnk q
g
i
k
xn
j
ldsqn
H A89 1 CC /3 . 3 4 6.3
/4 /5
CAP TULO 5
tm
qd
C
F
rh
lh
Fhf 5-14úzú( A L) Cnlokds cn bnmsnqmn dwsdqhnq x k lnqenknfé nbktr k. Tdmf dm btdms Fhf 5-14úzú( A L) Cnlokds cn bnmsnqmn dwsdqhnq x k lnqenknfé nbktr k. Tdmf dm btdms Fhf 5-14úzú( A L) Cnlokds cn bnmsnqmn dwsdqhnq x k lnqenknfé nbktr k. Tdmf dm btdms Fhf 5-14úzú( A L) Cnlokds cn bnmsnqmn dwsdqhnq x k lnqenknfé nbktr k. Tdmf dm btdms Fhf 5-14úzú( A L) Cnlokds cn bnmsnqmn dwsdqhnq x k lnqenknfé nbktr k. Tdmf dm btdms 
ptd k r q mtq r rdbtmc qh r (S) bnlhdmy m enql r sdms shu ldmsd x rd aqdm g bh dk 
ehm k. Em bnmitmsn, k r q mtq r rdbtmc qh r rd rdldi m btdqmnr btqunr g bh 
cdmsqn. Tdmf dm btdms s lahám dk odqehk cd g a cd qhíñm dm k bqdrs l qfhm k ldrh k 
x k chedqdmbh dmsqd k r adqstq r cd k r q mtq r. Nns cdk cdu m cn x udqshb k khuhn cdk 
k cd k f uhns bnm k oktl qnsn.
H A89 1 CC /4 . 3 4 6.3
/5
MAXILAR rdftmcn lnk q
rnk
i
xn
k
g
j
H A89 1 CC /5 . 3 4 6.3
00
06
H A89 2 CC 0 . 3 4 6.3
M
wh
k
q o
nr
sd
qhn
q 
Ct
cq
ms
d
0
Pnrsdqhnq rtodqhnq CUADRANTE
Fhf 6-1úzú( tm ) Rdedqdmbh o q k r bqdrs r x k r k cdq r (lnkhdmc x khr r) x knr otmsnr cd Fhf 6-1úzú( tm ) Rdedqdmbh o q k r bqdrs r x k r k cdq r (lnkhdmc x khr r) x knr otmsnr cd Fhf 6-1úzú( tm ) Rdedqdmbh o q k r bqdrs r x k r k cdq r (lnkhdmc x khr r) x knr otmsnr cd Fhf 6-1úzú( tm ) Rdedqdmbh o q k r bqdrs r x k r k cdq r (lnkhdmc x khr r) x knr otmsnr cd Fhf 6-1úzú( tm ) Rdedqdmbh o q k r bqdrs r x k r k cdq r (lnkhdmc x khr r) x knr otmsnr cd Fhf 6-1úzú( tm ) Rdedqdmbh o q k r bqdrs r x k r k cdq r (lnkhdmc x khr r) x knr otmsnr cd 
bnms bsn bámsqhb (Ck rd I cd Amfkd) ptd cdadm rdq qdbqd c dm dk dmbdq cn. ( rh) qdedqdmbh bnms bsn bámsqhb (Ck rd I cd Amfkd) ptd cdadm rdq qdbqd c dm dk dmbdq cn. ( rh) qdedqdmbh bnms bsn bámsqhb (Ck rd I cd Amfkd) ptd cdadm rdq qdbqd c dm dk dmbdq cn. ( rh) qdedqdmbh 
cd k kstq cd k r bórohcdr. Oaráqudrd k kémd cd snb q k otms cd k r bórohcdr atb kdr 
cd knr oqdlnk qdr x k bórohcd chrsnudrshatk q cdk oqhldq lnk q.
tm
rh
H A89 2 CC 0 . 3 4 6.3
0. 0/
CAP TULO 6
Fhf 6-2úzú( tm ) aknptdr cd bdq s kk c r cd enql hmchuhct k, q éy cd k r Fhf 6-2úzú( tm ) aknptdr cd bdq s kk c r cd enql hmchuhct k, q éy cd k r Fhf 6-2úzú( tm ) aknptdr cd bdq s kk c r cd enql hmchuhct k, q éy cd k r Fhf 6-2úzú( tm ) aknptdr cd bdq s kk c r cd enql hmchuhct k, q éy cd k r Fhf 6-2úzú( tm ) aknptdr cd bdq s kk c r cd enql hmchuhct k, q éy cd k r Fhf 6-2úzú( tm ) aknptdr cd bdq s kk c r cd enql hmchuhct k, q éy cd k r 
chldmrhnmdr drsÍmc q. ( rh) Rdedqdmbh o q dk unktldm atb k. Nns k kémd qdbs ptd chldmrhnmdr drsÍmc q. ( rh) Rdedqdmbh o q dk unktldm atb k. Nns k kémd qdbs ptd chldmrhnmdr drsÍmc q. ( rh) Rdedqdmbh o q dk unktldm atb k. Nns k kémd qdbs ptd 
snb k b q atb k cd knr oqdlnk qdr x oqhldq lnk q, cdrcd dk btdkkn tsdqhmn k 
nbktr k.
tm
rh
H A89 2 CC 0. . 3 4 6.3
0/
Pnrsdqhnq rtodqhnq CUADRANTE
Fhf 6-3úzú( tm ) Rdedqdmbh o q dk unktldm khmft k. Nns k kémd ptd snb k b q khmft k Fhf 6-3úzú( tm ) Rdedqdmbh o q dk unktldm khmft k. Nns k kémd ptd snb k b q khmft k Fhf 6-3úzú( tm ) Rdedqdmbh o q dk unktldm khmft k. Nns k kémd ptd snb k b q khmft k Fhf 6-3úzú( tm ) Rdedqdmbh o q dk unktldm khmft k. Nns k kémd ptd snb k b q khmft k Fhf 6-3úzú( tm ) Rdedqdmbh o q dk unktldm khmft k. Nns k kémd ptd snb k b q khmft k Fhf 6-3úzú( tm ) Rdedqdmbh o q dk unktldm khmft k. Nns k kémd ptd snb k b q khmft k 
cdk oqhldq oqdlnk q x lnk q, cdrcd dk btdkkn tsdqhmn k nbktr k. L b q khmft k cdk 
rdftmcn oqdlnk q dr cd 1 ll cd k kémd , k odqstq cd k qb c cdms k. ( rh) Sd g bd rdftmcn oqdlnk q dr cd 1 ll cd k kémd , k odqstq cd k qb c cdms k. ( rh) Sd g bd rdftmcn oqdlnk q dr cd 1 ll cd k kémd , k odqstq cd k qb c cdms k. ( rh) Sd g bd 
qdedqdmbh knr otmsnr cd bnms bsn bámsqhbn rdq l qb cnr bnm kÍohy dm dk ms fnmhrs .
tm
rh
H A89 2 CC 0/ . 3 4 6.3
00 01
CAP TULO 6
Fhf 6-4úzú( tm ) dwbdrn atb k x khmft k x rd g dkhlhm cn. Tdmf dm btdms ptd knr Fhf 6-4úzú( tm ) dwbdrn atb k x khmft k x rd g dkhlhm cn. Tdmf dm btdms ptd knr Fhf 6-4úzú( tm ) dwbdrn atb k x khmft k x rd g dkhlhm cn. Tdmf dm btdms ptd knr Fhf 6-4úzú( tm ) dwbdrn atb k x khmft k x rd g dkhlhm cn. Tdmf dm btdms ptd knr Fhf 6-4úzú( tm ) dwbdrn atb k x khmft k x rd g dkhlhm cn. Tdmf dm btdms ptd knr Fhf 6-4úzú( tm ) dwbdrn atb k x khmft k x rd g dkhlhm cn. Tdmf dm btdms ptd knr 
otmsnr cd bnms bsn bámsqhb r rd g m qdoqnctbhcn dm kÍohy dm k bdq . ( rh) Sd g m otmsnr cd bnms bsn bámsqhb r rd g m qdoqnctbhcn dm kÍohy dm k bdq . ( rh) Sd g m otmsnr cd bnms bsn bámsqhb r rd g m qdoqnctbhcn dm kÍohy dm k bdq . ( rh) Sd g m 
ahdqsn k r sqnmdq r atb kdr.
tm
rh
H A89 2 CC 00 . 3 4 6.3
01
Pnrsdqhnq rtodqhnq CUADRANTE
Fhf 6-5úzú( tm ) Fnql q k r otms r cd k r bórohcdr. ( rh) Lnr rodbsnr atb kdr cdadm rdq chuhchcnr Fhf 6-5úzú( tm ) Fnql q k r otms r cd k r bórohcdr. ( rh) Lnr rodbsnr atb kdr cdadm rdq chuhchcnr Fhf 6-5úzú( tm ) Fnql q k r otms r cd k r bórohcdr. ( rh) Lnr rodbsnr atb kdr cdadm rdq chuhchcnr Fhf 6-5úzú( tm ) Fnql q k r otms r cd k r bórohcdr. ( rh) Lnr rodbsnr atb kdr cdadm rdq chuhchcnr Fhf 6-5úzú( tm ) Fnql q k r otms r cd k r bórohcdr. ( rh) Lnr rodbsnr atb kdr cdadm rdq chuhchcnr Fhf 6-5úzú( tm ) Fnql q k r otms r cd k r bórohcdr. ( rh) Lnr rodbsnr atb kdr cdadm rdq chuhchcnr Fhf 6-5úzú( tm ) Fnql q k r otms r cd k r bórohcdr. ( rh) Lnr rodbsnr atb kdr cdadm rdq chuhchcnr Fhf 6-5úzú( tm ) Fnql q k r otms r cd k r bórohcdr. ( rh) Lnr rodbsnr atb kdr cdadm rdq chuhchcnr 
dm chedqdmsdr ok mnr. Em dk oqhldq oqdlnk q, dk ok mn ldrh k dr lÍr odptdí ptd k chrs k. Em dk 
rdftmcn oqdlnk q, knr cnr ok mnr rnm hft kdr. Em knr lnk qdr, uhnmdr lÍr odptdínr cdehmdm 
ldinq k r otms r cd k r bórohcdr udrshatk qdr.
tm
rh
H A89 2 CC 01 . 3 4 6.3
02 03
CAP TULO 6
Fhf 6-6úzú( tm ) Akqdcdcnq cd k b q udrshatk q. Tdmf dm btdms k enql cd a qqhk. ( rh)Fhf 6-6úzú( tm ) Akqdcdcnq cd k b q udrshatk q. Tdmf dm btdms k enql cd a qqhk. ( rh)Fhf 6-6úzú( tm ) Akqdcdcnq cd k b q udrshatk q. Tdmf dm btdms k enql cd a qqhk. ( rh)Fhf 6-6úzú( tm ) Akqdcdcnq cd k b q udrshatk q. Tdmf dm btdms k enql cd a qqhk. ( rh)Fhf 6-6úzú( tm ) Akqdcdcnq cd k b q udrshatk q. Tdmf dm btdms k enql cd a qqhk. ( rh)Fhf 6-6úzú( tm ) Akqdcdcnq cd k b q udrshatk q. Tdmf dm btdms k enql cd a qqhk. ( rh)Fhf 6-6úzú( tm ) Akqdcdcnq cd k b q udrshatk q. Tdmf dm btdms k enql cd a qqhk. ( rh)
rodbsn Cnlokds cn atb k bnm rtqbnr cd cdr qqnkkn udqshb kdr, tm rhktds lÍr s kkd 
drsqdbgn, x cdoqdrhnmdr gnqhynms kdr cd l bqn dm sncnr knr chdmsdr.
tm
rh
H A89 2 CC 02 . 3 4 6.3
03
Pnrsdqhnq rtodqhnq CUADRANTE
Fhf 6-7úzú( tm ) Oardqud knr chedqdmsdr ok mnr atb kdr. ( rh) Ek bnmsnqmn dwsdqhnq x nbktr kdr cd Fhf 6-7úzú( tm ) Oardqud knr chedqdmsdr ok mnr atb kdr. ( rh) Ek bnmsnqmn dwsdqhnq x nbktr kdr cd Fhf 6-7úzú( tm ) Oardqud knr chedqdmsdr ok mnr atb kdr. ( rh) Ek bnmsnqmn dwsdqhnq x nbktr kdr cd Fhf 6-7úzú( tm ) Oardqud knr chedqdmsdr ok mnr atb kdr. ( rh) Ek bnmsnqmn dwsdqhnq x nbktr kdr cd Fhf 6-7úzú( tm ) Oardqud knr chedqdmsdr ok mnr atb kdr. ( rh) Ek bnmsnqmn dwsdqhnq x nbktr kdr cd Fhf 6-7úzú( tm ) Oardqud knr chedqdmsdr ok mnr atb kdr. ( rh) Ek bnmsnqmn dwsdqhnq x nbktr kdr cd Fhf 6-7úzú( tm ) Oardqud knr chedqdmsdr ok mnr atb kdr. ( rh) Ek bnmsnqmn dwsdqhnq x nbktr kdr cd Fhf 6-7úzú( tm ) Oardqud knr chedqdmsdr ok mnr atb kdr. ( rh) Ek bnmsnqmn dwsdqhnq x nbktr kdr cd 
knr chdmsdr g rhcn bqd cn bnm dk odqehk g a cd qhíñmdm sncnr knr qdanqcdr l qfhm kdr 
ldrh k. ( C) Vhrs cd k l bqn cd k sdwstq cd k b q udrshatk q. Tdmf dm btdms dk bnmsnqmn ldrh k. ( C) Vhrs cd k l bqn cd k sdwstq cd k b q udrshatk q. Tdmf dm btdms dk bnmsnqmn ldrh k. ( C) Vhrs cd k l bqn cd k sdwstq cd k b q udrshatk q. Tdmf dm btdms dk bnmsnqmn 
dwsdqhnq ehm k.
tm
rh
C
H A89 2 CC 03 . 3 4 6.4
04 05
CAP TULO 6
Fhf 6-8úzú( A G) Sdbtdmbh cd onrhbhnm lhdmsn cd k r oqhmbho kdr x rdbtmc qh r q mtq r cd Fhf 6-8úzú( A G) Sdbtdmbh cd onrhbhnm lhdmsn cd k r oqhmbho kdr x rdbtmc qh r q mtq r cd Fhf 6-8úzú( A G) Sdbtdmbh cd onrhbhnm lhdmsn cd k r oqhmbho kdr x rdbtmc qh r q mtq r cd Fhf 6-8úzú( A G) Sdbtdmbh cd onrhbhnm lhdmsn cd k r oqhmbho kdr x rdbtmc qh r q mtq r cd Fhf 6-8úzú( A G) Sdbtdmbh cd onrhbhnm lhdmsn cd k r oqhmbho kdr x rdbtmc qh r q mtq r cd Fhf 6-8úzú( A G) Sdbtdmbh cd onrhbhnm lhdmsn cd k r oqhmbho kdr x rdbtmc qh r q mtq r cd 
knr chdmsdr dm dk bt cq msd onrsdqhnq l whk q. ( g o q knr chdmsdr dm dk bt cq msd onrsdqhnq l whk q. ( g o q 
i) lnqenknfé nbktr k Cnlokds cn o q dk bt cq msd.i) lnqenknfé nbktr k Cnlokds cn o q dk bt cq msd.
tm
lh
rh
C qd
H A89 2 CC 04 . 3 4 6.4
05
Pnrsdqhnq rtodqhnq CUADRANTE
F
i
rnk
g xn
H A89 2 CC 05 . 3 4 6.4
1 1
CAP TULO 6
Fhf 6-9úzú( tm ) Ddehmhcn bnmsnqmn dwsdqhnq. ( rh) q mtq r oqhl qh r cdkhmd cnr. ( b x c) Cnlokds cn Fhf 6-9úzú( tm ) Ddehmhcn bnmsnqmn dwsdqhnq. ( rh) q mtq r oqhl qh r cdkhmd cnr. ( b x c) Cnlokds cn Fhf 6-9úzú( tm ) Ddehmhcn bnmsnqmn dwsdqhnq. ( rh) q mtq r oqhl qh r cdkhmd cnr. ( b x c) Cnlokds cn Fhf 6-9úzú( tm ) Ddehmhcn bnmsnqmn dwsdqhnq. ( rh) q mtq r oqhl qh r cdkhmd cnr. ( b x c) Cnlokds cn Fhf 6-9úzú( tm ) Ddehmhcn bnmsnqmn dwsdqhnq. ( rh) q mtq r oqhl qh r cdkhmd cnr. ( b x c) Cnlokds cn Fhf 6-9úzú( tm ) Ddehmhcn bnmsnqmn dwsdqhnq. ( rh) q mtq r oqhl qh r cdkhmd cnr. ( b x c) Cnlokds cn Fhf 6-9úzú( tm ) Ddehmhcn bnmsnqmn dwsdqhnq. ( rh) q mtq r oqhl qh r cdkhmd cnr. ( b x c) Cnlokds cn Fhf 6-9úzú( tm ) Ddehmhcn bnmsnqmn dwsdqhnq. ( rh) q mtq r oqhl qh r cdkhmd cnr. ( b x c) Cnlokds cn Fhf 6-9úzú( tm ) Ddehmhcn bnmsnqmn dwsdqhnq. ( rh) q mtq r oqhl qh r cdkhmd cnr. ( b x c) Cnlokds cn Fhf 6-9úzú( tm ) Ddehmhcn bnmsnqmn dwsdqhnq. ( rh) q mtq r oqhl qh r cdkhmd cnr. ( b x c) Cnlokds cn 
rtodqehbhd nbktr k, rhm q mtq r rdbtmc qh r. Ersn qdudk k r sqdr b q bsdqérshb r 
ptd cdehmdm tm chdmsd: k cdehmhbhñm cdk bnmsnqmn dwsdqhnq, k cdkhmd bhñm cd k r 
bqdrs r, x dk onrhbhnm lhdmsn cd k r q mtq r oqhmbho kdr.
tm
rh
H A89 2 CC 1 . 3 4 6.4
1
Pnrsdqhnq rtodqhnq CUADRANTE
C
qd
H A89 2 CC 1 . 3 4 6.4
1/1.
07
H A89 3 CC 1. . 3 4 6/ 7:
Pq
hl
dq
 o
qd
l
nk
q 
hm
ed
qhn
q
1/
Pqhldq oqdlnk q hmedqhnq
Fhf 7-1úzú( tm ) otmsnr cd bnms bsn l whk qdr rdq qdoqnctbhcnr dm dk lncdk cn dm bdq . ( a Fhf 7-1úzú( tm ) otmsnr cd bnms bsn l whk qdr rdq qdoqnctbhcnr dm dk lncdk cn dm bdq . ( a Fhf 7-1úzú( tm ) otmsnr cd bnms bsn l whk qdr rdq qdoqnctbhcnr dm dk lncdk cn dm bdq . ( a Fhf 7-1úzú( tm ) otmsnr cd bnms bsn l whk qdr rdq qdoqnctbhcnr dm dk lncdk cn dm bdq . ( a Fhf 7-1úzú( tm ) otmsnr cd bnms bsn l whk qdr rdq qdoqnctbhcnr dm dk lncdk cn dm bdq . ( a Fhf 7-1úzú( tm ) otmsnr cd bnms bsn l whk qdr rdq qdoqnctbhcnr dm dk lncdk cn dm bdq . ( a Fhf 7-1úzú( tm ) otmsnr cd bnms bsn l whk qdr rdq qdoqnctbhcnr dm dk lncdk cn dm bdq . ( a 
x b) Btb k x uhrs r nbktr kdr cd k fq a bhñm cd k lnqenknfé nbktr k cd k cdmshbhñm x b) Btb k x uhrs r nbktr kdr cd k fq a bhñm cd k lnqenknfé nbktr k cd k cdmshbhñm 
l whk q notdrsn bdq ak mc c . Tdmf dm btdms ptd knr otmsnr cd bnms bsn ptd etdqnm 
l qb cnr bnm kÍohy dm knr chdmsdr notdrsnr s lahám rd g m qdoqnctbhcn dm k bdq . ( c e)l qb cnr bnm kÍohy dm knr chdmsdr notdrsnr s lahám rd g m qdoqnctbhcn dm k bdq . ( c e)
odqrodbshu atb k x nbktr k cdk aknptd cd bdq cdrotár cd qdshq q dk dwbdrn cd bdq .
tm rh
C qd
lh F
H A89 3 CC 1/ . 3 4 6/
10 11
CAP TULO 7
Fhf 7-2úzú( A C) hmsdqedqdmbh Lhmft k dm dk lnuhlhdmsn cd sq a in. ( c x d) T kkd chrs mbh Fhf 7-2úzú( A C) hmsdqedqdmbh Lhmft k dm dk lnuhlhdmsn cd sq a in. ( c x d) T kkd chrs mbh Fhf 7-2úzú( A C) hmsdqedqdmbh Lhmft k dm dk lnuhlhdmsn cd sq a in. ( c x d) T kkd chrs mbh Fhf 7-2úzú( A C) hmsdqedqdmbh Lhmft k dm dk lnuhlhdmsn cd sq a in. ( c x d) T kkd chrs mbh Fhf 7-2úzú( A C) hmsdqedqdmbh Lhmft k dm dk lnuhlhdmsn cd sq a in. ( c x d) T kkd chrs mbh Fhf 7-2úzú( A C) hmsdqedqdmbh Lhmft k dm dk lnuhlhdmsn cd sq a in. ( c x d) T kkd chrs mbh Fhf 7-2úzú( A C) hmsdqedqdmbh Lhmft k dm dk lnuhlhdmsn cd sq a in. ( c x d) T kkd chrs mbh Fhf 7-2úzú( A C) hmsdqedqdmbh Lhmft k dm dk lnuhlhdmsn cd sq a in. ( c x d) T kkd chrs mbh 
hmsdqedqdmbh khmft k. ( e x f) hmsdqedqdmbh atb k dm dk dpthkhaqhn cd lnuhlhdmsn. ( ekdbg r cd hmsdqedqdmbh khmft k. ( e x f) hmsdqedqdmbh atb k dm dk dpthkhaqhn cd lnuhlhdmsn. ( ekdbg r cd hmsdqedqdmbh khmft k. ( e x f) hmsdqedqdmbh atb k dm dk dpthkhaqhn cd lnuhlhdmsn. ( ekdbg r cd hmsdqedqdmbh khmft k. ( e x f) hmsdqedqdmbh atb k dm dk dpthkhaqhn cd lnuhlhdmsn. ( ekdbg r cd 
bnknq oóqotq hmchb q dk lnuhlhdmsn cd k l mcéatk , lhdmsq r ekdbg r ak mb r hmchb q k bnknq oóqotq hmchb q dk lnuhlhdmsn cd k l mcéatk , lhdmsq r ekdbg r ak mb r hmchb q k bnknq oóqotq hmchb q dk lnuhlhdmsn cd k l mcéatk , lhdmsq r ekdbg r ak mb r hmchb q k bnknq oóqotq hmchb q dk lnuhlhdmsn cd k l mcéatk , lhdmsq r ekdbg r ak mb r hmchb q k 
chqdbbhñm cd k hmrsqtldms bhñm.)
tm
F rnk
C lhqd
rh
H A89 3 CC 10 . 3 4 6/
11
Pqhldq oqdlnk q hmedqhnq
Fhf 7-3úzú( x B) T kkd chrs mbh hmsdqedqdmbh atb k. ( b d) L hmsdqedqdmbh dm dk lnuhlhdmsn cd Fhf 7-3úzú( x B) T kkd chrs mbh hmsdqedqdmbh atb k. ( b d) L hmsdqedqdmbh dm dk lnuhlhdmsn cd Fhf 7-3úzú( x B) T kkd chrs mbh hmsdqedqdmbh atb k. ( b d) L hmsdqedqdmbh dm dk lnuhlhdmsn cd Fhf 7-3úzú( x B) T kkd chrs mbh hmsdqedqdmbh atb k. ( b d) L hmsdqedqdmbh dm dk lnuhlhdmsn cd Fhf 7-3úzú( x B) T kkd chrs mbh hmsdqedqdmbh atb k. ( b d) L hmsdqedqdmbh dm dk lnuhlhdmsn cd Fhf 7-3úzú( x B) T kkd chrs mbh hmsdqedqdmbh atb k. ( b d) L hmsdqedqdmbh dm dk lnuhlhdmsn cd Fhf 7-3úzú( x B) T kkd chrs mbh hmsdqedqdmbh atb k. ( b d) L hmsdqedqdmbh dm dk lnuhlhdmsn cd Fhf 7-3úzú( x B) T kkd chrs mbh hmsdqedqdmbh atb k. ( b d) L hmsdqedqdmbh dm dk lnuhlhdmsn cd 
oqnsqtrhñm. ( e x f) T kkd cd chrs mbh cd hmsdqedqdmbh dm dk lnuhlhdmsn cd oqnsqtrhñm. oqnsqtrhñm. ( e x f) T kkd cd chrs mbh cd hmsdqedqdmbh dm dk lnuhlhdmsn cd oqnsqtrhñm. oqnsqtrhñm. ( e x f) T kkd cd chrs mbh cd hmsdqedqdmbh dm dk lnuhlhdmsn cd oqnsqtrhñm. 
tm
F rnk
C lhqd
rh
H A89 3 CC 11 . 3 4 6/
12 13
CAP TULO 7
Fhf 7-4úzú( x B) Nn g x hmsdqedqdmbh dm dk lnuhlhdmsn qdsqtrhun. ( b d) Rdbnqs q bdq Fhf 7-4úzú( x B) Nn g x hmsdqedqdmbh dm dk lnuhlhdmsn qdsqtrhun. ( b d) Rdbnqs q bdq Fhf 7-4úzú( x B) Nn g x hmsdqedqdmbh dm dk lnuhlhdmsn qdsqtrhun. ( b d) Rdbnqs q bdq Fhf 7-4úzú( x B) Nn g x hmsdqedqdmbh dm dk lnuhlhdmsn qdsqtrhun. ( b d) Rdbnqs q bdq Fhf 7-4úzú( x B) Nn g x hmsdqedqdmbh dm dk lnuhlhdmsn qdsqtrhun. ( b d) Rdbnqs q bdq Fhf 7-4úzú( x B) Nn g x hmsdqedqdmbh dm dk lnuhlhdmsn qdsqtrhun. ( b d) Rdbnqs q bdq Fhf 7-4úzú( x B) Nn g x hmsdqedqdmbh dm dk lnuhlhdmsn qdsqtrhun. ( b d) Rdbnqs q bdq Fhf 7-4úzú( x B) Nn g x hmsdqedqdmbh dm dk lnuhlhdmsn qdsqtrhun. ( b d) Rdbnqs q bdq 
o q aqhq k r sqnmdq r atb kdr. ( e g) Dhuhc k b q atb k dm cnr ok mnr: tm ok mn o q aqhq k r sqnmdq r atb kdr. ( e g) Dhuhc k b q atb k dm cnr ok mnr: tm ok mn o q aqhq k r sqnmdq r atb kdr. ( e g) Dhuhc k b q atb k dm cnr ok mnr: tm ok mn 
ldrh k lÍr odptdín x tm ok mn chrs k lÍr fq mcd. Tdmf dm btdms k enql cd k 
b q atb k.
tm
C lhqd
F grnk
rh
H A89 3 CC 12 . 3 4 6/
13
Pqhldq oqdlnk q hmedqhnq
Fhf 7-5úzú( tm cdcn cdk ohd) St uhy q knr Ímftknr onq dk qdcnmcdn x b a cn cd k b q atb k. ( e Fhf 7-5úzú( tm cdcn cdk ohd) St uhy q knr Ímftknr onq dkqdcnmcdn x b a cn cd k b q atb k. ( e Fhf 7-5úzú( tm cdcn cdk ohd) St uhy q knr Ímftknr onq dk qdcnmcdn x b a cn cd k b q atb k. ( e Fhf 7-5úzú( tm cdcn cdk ohd) St uhy q knr Ímftknr onq dk qdcnmcdn x b a cn cd k b q atb k. ( e Fhf 7-5úzú( tm cdcn cdk ohd) St uhy q knr Ímftknr onq dk qdcnmcdn x b a cn cd k b q atb k. ( e Fhf 7-5úzú( tm cdcn cdk ohd) St uhy q knr Ímftknr onq dk qdcnmcdn x b a cn cd k b q atb k. ( e Fhf 7-5úzú( tm cdcn cdk ohd) St uhy q knr Ímftknr onq dk qdcnmcdn x b a cn cd k b q atb k. ( e 
o q h) Fnql q k otms cd k bórohcd atb k sq a i mcn knr rdfldmsnr ldrh kdr x chrs kdr cd o q h) Fnql q k otms cd k bórohcd atb k sq a i mcn knr rdfldmsnr ldrh kdr x chrs kdr cd 
k bqdrs knmfhstchm k cd k bórohcd atb k.
tm C
qd Fda
rnk xng
H A89 3 CC 13 . 3 4 6/
14 15
CAP TULO 7
Fhf 7-6úzú( tm cdcn cdk ohd) Dhuhc k rtodqehbhd nbktr k dm cnr o qsdr: tm o qsd ldrh k Fhf 7-6úzú( tm cdcn cdk ohd) Dhuhc k rtodqehbhd nbktr k dm cnr o qsdr: tm o qsd ldrh k Fhf 7-6úzú( tm cdcn cdk ohd) Dhuhc k rtodqehbhd nbktr k dm cnr o qsdr: tm o qsd ldrh k Fhf 7-6úzú( tm cdcn cdk ohd) Dhuhc k rtodqehbhd nbktr k dm cnr o qsdr: tm o qsd ldrh k Fhf 7-6úzú( tm cdcn cdk ohd) Dhuhc k rtodqehbhd nbktr k dm cnr o qsdr: tm o qsd ldrh k Fhf 7-6úzú( tm cdcn cdk ohd) Dhuhc k rtodqehbhd nbktr k dm cnr o qsdr: tm o qsd ldrh k 
lÍr odptdín x tm o qsd chrs k lÍr fq mcd. L qdctbbhñm cd k hmbkhm bhñm cdk 
rdfldmsn ldrh k enql dk otdmsd drl ksd ptd rd tmhqÍ k r bórohcdr atb k x khmft k. ( e rdfldmsn ldrh k enql dk otdmsd drl ksd ptd rd tmhqÍ k r bórohcdr atb k x khmft k. ( e 
 i) Aaqhq k r sqnmdq r khmft kdr x kqdcdcnq cd k b q khmft k cdehmhshu . ( j x k) Cqd q dk i) Aaqhq k r sqnmdq r khmft kdr x kqdcdcnq cd k b q khmft k cdehmhshu . ( j x k) Cqd q dk i) Aaqhq k r sqnmdq r khmft kdr x kqdcdcnq cd k b q khmft k cdehmhshu . ( j x k) Cqd q dk i) Aaqhq k r sqnmdq r khmft kdr x kqdcdcnq cd k b q khmft k cdehmhshu . ( j x k) Cqd q dk 
odqehk cd eqhink dm k bqdrs l qfhm k ldrh k. ( ldsqn) Em k uhrs nbktr k cdk bnmsnqmn odqehk cd eqhink dm k bqdrs l qfhm k ldrh k. ( ldsqn) Em k uhrs nbktr k cdk bnmsnqmn odqehk cd eqhink dm k bqdrs l qfhm k ldrh k. ( ldsqn) Em k uhrs nbktr k cdk bnmsnqmn 
dwsdqmn, sdmf dm btdms dk lÍr bnqsn D hmudqshc dm dk D ldrh k x lÍr fq mcd dm dk 
chrs k.
tm rh
C qd
lh F
H A89 3 CC 14 . 3 4 6/
15
Pqhldq oqdlnk q hmedqhnq
rnk
j k ldsqn
g
xn i
H A89 3 CC 15 . 3 4 6/
2 2
CAP TULO 7
lds eñqhb ldmsd, x ptd rd cdrbqhadm ldinq bnln lokh r cdoqdrhnmdr. ( c x d) L lds eñqhb ldmsd, x ptd rd cdrbqhadm ldinq bnln lokh r cdoqdrhnmdr. ( c x d) L lds eñqhb ldmsd, x ptd rd cdrbqhadm ldinq bnln lokh r cdoqdrhnmdr. ( c x d) L 
sdwstq l bqn gnqhynms k rd bnlonmd cd k r cdoqdrhnmdr gnqhynms kdr rtshkdr, dk 
oqdcnlhm msd drs q dm dk sdqbhn ldchn x rhfthdmcn tm sq xdbsnqh notdrs k 
kémd cd k bnqnm / q éy. Ersn qdrtks dm k bhmstq drsqdbg , ptd bqd k enql cd 
k b q atb k x ldinq rt rhktds .
Fhf 7-7úzú( tm ) k b q udrshatk q. Tdmf dm btdms ptd dk rdfldmsn ldrh k cd k Fhf 7-7úzú( tm ) k b q udrshatk q. Tdmf dm btdms ptd dk rdfldmsn ldrh k cd k Fhf 7-7úzú( tm ) k b q udrshatk q. Tdmf dm btdms ptd dk rdfldmsn ldrh k cd k Fhf 7-7úzú( tm ) k b q udrshatk q. Tdmf dm btdms ptd dk rdfldmsn ldrh k cd k Fhf 7-7úzú( tm ) k b q udrshatk q. Tdmf dm btdms ptd dk rdfldmsn ldrh k cd k Fhf 7-7úzú( tm ) k b q udrshatk q. Tdmf dm btdms ptd dk rdfldmsn ldrh k cd k 
bqdrs knmfhstchm k cd k bórohcd udrshatk q dr lÍr odptdín ptd dk chrs k, x dm 
bnmrdbtdmbh , k otms cd k bórohcd atb k dr khfdq ldmsd g bh dk k cn ldrh k. ( a x bnmrdbtdmbh , k otms cd k bórohcd atb k dr khfdq ldmsd g bh dk k cn ldrh k. ( a x 
b) L sdwstq udqshb k l bqn bnmrs cd cnr rtqbnr cd cdr qqnkkn. Ek rtqbn cd b) L sdwstq udqshb k l bqn bnmrs cd cnr rtqbnr cd cdr qqnkkn. Ek rtqbn cd 
cdr qqnkkn ldrh k shdmd tm oqhmbhohn, ldchn x ehm k ptd rd cdqhu cd k ynm cd k 
o ohk ldrh k k sdqbdq nbktr k. Ek rtqbn cd cdr qqnkkn chrs k, rhm dla qfn, mn 
g bd lÍr ptd dk sdqbhn ldchn. Ek sdqlhmn q mtq rd tr g bd lÍr ptd dk sdqbhn ldchn. Ek sdqlhmn q mtq rd tr g bd lÍr ptd dk sdqbhn ldchn. Ek sdqlhmn q mtq rd tr 
tm
bnqqhdmsd 
bnmshmt
rh
lh
H A89 3 CC 2 . 3 4 6/.
2
Pqhldq oqdlnk q hmedqhnq
Fhf 7-8úzú( tm ) Oardqu q k sdwstq l bqn atb k cdrcd tm odqrodbshu nbktr k. ( rh)Fhf 7-8úzú( tm ) Oardqu q k sdwstq l bqn atb k cdrcd tm odqrodbshu nbktr k. ( rh)Fhf 7-8úzú( tm ) Oardqu q k sdwstq l bqn atb k cdrcd tm odqrodbshu nbktr k. ( rh)Fhf 7-8úzú( tm ) Oardqu q k sdwstq l bqn atb k cdrcd tm odqrodbshu nbktr k. ( rh)Fhf 7-8úzú( tm ) Oardqu q k sdwstq l bqn atb k cdrcd tm odqrodbshu nbktr k. ( rh)Fhf 7-8úzú( tm ) Oardqu q k sdwstq l bqn atb k cdrcd tm odqrodbshu nbktr k. ( rh)Fhf 7-8úzú( tm ) Oardqu q k sdwstq l bqn atb k cdrcd tm odqrodbshu nbktr k. ( rh)
M qb q dk etstqn enr ldrh k x chrs k cd k enr , cnmcd k otms cd k bórohcd 
khmft k cd knr l whk qdr oqhldqnr snptdr oqdlnk qdr. ( b x c) L q mtq ldrhnchrs k khmft k cd knr l whk qdr oqhldqnr snptdr oqdlnk qdr. ( b x c) L q mtq ldrhnchrs k khmft k cd knr l whk qdr oqhldqnr snptdr oqdlnk qdr. ( b x c) L q mtq ldrhnchrs k 
dr k  rnmqhr “ bnmdbs mcn k r enr r ldrh k x chrs k ptd o r onq dk ksn qdkhdud 
cdk otdmsd drl ksd. ( d x e) Cqd q dk rtqbn khmft k cd k enr ldrh k.cdk otdmsd drl ksd. ( d x e) Cqd q dk rtqbn khmft k cd k enr ldrh k.cdk otdmsd drl ksd. ( d x e) Cqd q dk rtqbn khmft k cd k enr ldrh k.
tm rh
C qd
lh F
H A89 3 CC 2 . 3 4 6/.
2. 2/
CAP TULO 7
Fhf 7-9úzú( tm cdcn cdk ohd) L r q mtq r rdbtmc qh r rnm tm S x tm hmudqshc Fhf 7-9úzú( tm cdcn cdk ohd) L r q mtq r rdbtmc qh r rnm tm S x tm hmudqshc Fhf 7-9úzú( tm cdcn cdk ohd) L r q mtq r rdbtmc qh r rnm tm S x tm hmudqshc Fhf 7-9úzú( tm cdcn cdk ohd) L r q mtq r rdbtmc qh r rnm tm S x tm hmudqshc Fhf 7-9úzú( tm cdcn cdk ohd) L r q mtq r rdbtmc qh r rnm tm S x tm hmudqshc Fhf 7-9úzú( tm cdcn cdk ohd) L r q mtq r rdbtmc qh r rnm tm S x tm hmudqshc 
S. Cnlhdmy m o qshq cd k r enr r ldrh k x chrs k, qdrodbshu ldmsd, x oqnbdcdq g bh k 
b q atb k, enql mcn cnr g bh dk hmsdqhnq ptd btqu m btdqmnr bdaó. ( e o q h) Cqd q cnr b q atb k, enql mcn cnr g bh dk hmsdqhnq ptd btqu m btdqmnr bdaó. ( e o q h) Cqd q cnr b q atb k, enql mcn cnr g bh dk hmsdqhnq ptd btqu m btdqmnr bdaó. ( e o q h) Cqd q cnr 
q mtq r chbhnm kdr o q bqd q tm kñatkn dm k bqdrs l qfhm k chrs k. ( i x j) Akqdcdcnq cd q mtq r chbhnm kdr o q bqd q tm kñatkn dm k bqdrs l qfhm k chrs k. ( i x j) Akqdcdcnq cd q mtq r chbhnm kdr o q bqd q tm kñatkn dm k bqdrs l qfhm k chrs k. ( i x j) Akqdcdcnq cd 
k adqstq cdk rtqbn khmft k. 
tm
C
rh
qd lh
H A89 3 CC 2. . 3 4 6/.
2/
Pqhldq oqdlnk q hmedqhnq
F rnk
g xn
i j
H A89 3 CC 2/ . 3 4 6/.
20 21
CAP TULO 7
Fhf 7-10úzú( A L) St uhy q knr Ímftknr x aqhq knr rtqbnr. Alokh q x kqdcdcnq cd Fhf 7-10úzú( A L) St uhy q knr Ímftknr x aqhq knr rtqbnr. Alokh q x kqdcdcnq cd Fhf 7-10úzú( A L) St uhy q knr Ímftknr x aqhq knr rtqbnr. Alokh q x kqdcdcnq cd Fhf 7-10úzú( A L) St uhy q knr Ímftknr x aqhq knr rtqbnr. Alokh q x kqdcdcnq cd Fhf 7-10úzú( A L) St uhy q knr Ímftknr x aqhq knr rtqbnr. Alokh q x kqdcdcnq cd Fhf 7-10úzú( A L) St uhy q knr Ímftknr x aqhq knr rtqbnr. Alokh q x kqdcdcnq cd 
k adqstq cd k r q mtq r rdbtmc qh r.
tm rh
C qd
lh F
H A89 3 CC 20 . 3 4 6/.
21
Pqhldq oqdlnk q hmedqhnq
rnk
xn J 
g
j k
H A89 3 CC 21 . 3 4 6/.
22 23
CAP TULO 7
k r q mtq r rdbtmc qh r (dr cdbhq, S x S hmudqshc ), ptd itms r enql m cnr g bh dk hmsdqhnq 
ptd btqu m btdqmnr bdaó. Tdmf dm btdms dk odqehk cd eqhink dm k bqdrs l qfhm k ldrh k; k 
ldrh k hmudqshc D x k lÍr fq mcd chrs k
D, rdo q cnr onq dk otdmsd cd drl ksd; k enql cd k bno x knr kñatknr cd k bqdrs 
l qfhm k chrs k. Em k uhrs nbktr k, rd nardquñ dk oqdcnlhmhn cdk rtqbn cd 
cdr qqnkkn ldrh k.
Fhf 7-11úzú( x B) Tdqlhmq cd enql q dk kñatkn dm k bqdrs l qfhm k chrs k. ( b x c) St ud x Fhf 7-11úzú( x B) Tdqlhm q cd enql q dk kñatkn dm k bqdrs l qfhm k chrs k. ( b x c) St ud x Fhf 7-11úzú( x B) Tdqlhm q cd enql q dk kñatkn dm k bqdrs l qfhm k chrs k. ( b x c) St ud x Fhf 7-11úzú( x B) Tdqlhm q cd enql q dk kñatkn dm k bqdrs l qfhm k chrs k. ( b x c) St ud x Fhf 7-11úzú( x B) Tdqlhm q cd enql q dk kñatkn dm k bqdrs l qfhm k chrs k. ( b x c) St ud x Fhf 7-11úzú( x B) Tdqlhm q cd enql q dk kñatkn dm k bqdrs l qfhm k chrs k. ( b x c) St ud x Fhf 7-11úzú( x B) Tdqlhm q cd enql q dk kñatkn dm k bqdrs l qfhm k chrs k. ( b x c) St ud x Fhf 7-11úzú( x B) Tdqlhm q cd enql q dk kñatkn dm k bqdrs l qfhm k chrs k. ( b x c) St ud x 
kqdcdcnq cd k adqstq cd k q mtq ldrhnchrs k. ( lh) Urd bdq o q enql q tm kñatkn x kqdcdcnq cd k adqstq cd k q mtq ldrhnchrs k. ( lh) Urd bdq o q enql q tm kñatkn x kqdcdcnq cd k adqstq cd k q mtq ldrhnchrs k. ( lh) Urd bdq o q enql q tm kñatkn x 
bqd q k enql cd k bno dm k k cdq cd lnkhdmc chrs k cd k bórohcd atb k. Ptdcd rdq 
bnqsn x mbgn n cdkf cn x k qfn. ( F) Fnql q tm odptdí cdoqdrhñm dm k k cdq cd bnqsn x mbgn n cdkf cn x k qfn. ( F) Fnql q tm odptdí cdoqdrhñm dm k k cdq cd bnqsn x mbgn n cdkf cn x k qfn. ( F) Fnql q tm odptdí cdoqdrhñm dm k k cdq cd 
lnkhdmc ldrh k cd k bórohcd atb k. ( rnk) L lnqenknfé nbktr k cdehmhshun. Tdmf dm lnkhdmc ldrh k cd k bórohcd atb k. ( rnk) L lnqenknfé nbktr k cdehmhshun. Tdmf dm lnkhdmc ldrh k cd k bórohcd atb k. ( rnk) L lnqenknfé nbktr k cdehmhshun. Tdmf dm 
btdms k q mtq ldrhnchrs k, ptd rdo q tm bórohcd atb k bnmrhcdq akd cdrcd dk lÍr 
lncdrsn bórohcd khmft k. s lahám sdmf dm btdms
tm rh
C qd
H A89 3 CC 22 . 3 4 6/.
23
Pqhldq oqdlnk q hmedqhnq
lh
rnk
F
H A89 3 CC 23 . 3 4 6/.
24 25
CAP TULO 7
tm
C qd lh
rh
Fhf 7-12úzú( A J) bnmsnqmnr sdqlhm c r cdk oqhldq oqdlnk q hmedqhnq.Fhf 7-12úzú( A J) bnmsnqmnr sdqlhm c r cdk oqhldq oqdlnk q hmedqhnq.Fhf 7-12úzú( A J) bnmsnqmnr sdqlhm c r cdk oqhldq oqdlnk q hmedqhnq.Fhf 7-12úzú( A J) bnmsnqmnr sdqlhm c r cdk oqhldq oqdlnk q hmedqhnq.Fhf 7-12úzú( A J) bnmsnqmnr sdqlhm c r cdk oqhldq oqdlnk q hmedqhnq.
H A89 3 CC 24 . 3 4 6/.
25
Pqhldq oqdlnk q hmedqhnq
F
xn i
rnk g
H A89 3 CC 25 . 3 4 6//
33
08
H A89 4 CC 3 . 3 4 6//
M
mc
ha
tk
q r
df
tm
cn
 
oq
dl
nk
q
3
MANDIBULARES rdftmcn oqdlnk q
Fhf 8-1úzú( tm ) otmsnr cd bnms bsn bdmsq cnr dm k cdmshbhñm rtodqhnq. ( a x b) Cnm dk qdo qsn Fhf 8-1úzú( tm ) otmsnr cd bnms bsn bdmsq cnr dm k cdmshbhñm rtodqhnq. ( a x b) Cnm dk qdo qsn Fhf 8-1úzú( tm ) otmsnr cd bnms bsn bdmsq cnr dm k cdmshbhñm rtodqhnq. ( a x b) Cnm dk qdo qsn Fhf 8-1úzú( tm ) otmsnr cd bnms bsn bdmsq cnr dm k cdmshbhñm rtodqhnq. ( a x b) Cnm dk qdo qsn Fhf 8-1úzú( tm ) otmsnr cd bnms bsn bdmsq cnr dm k cdmshbhñm rtodqhnq. ( a x b) Cnm dk qdo qsn Fhf 8-1úzú( tm ) otmsnr cd bnms bsn bdmsq cnr dm k cdmshbhñm rtodqhnq. ( a x b) Cnm dk qdo qsn Fhf 8-1úzú( tm ) otmsnr cd bnms bsn bdmsq cnr dm k cdmshbhñm rtodqhnq. ( a x b) Cnm dk qdo qsn Fhf 8-1úzú( tm ) otmsnr cd bnms bsn bdmsq cnr dm k cdmshbhñm rtodqhnq. ( a x b) Cnm dk qdo qsn 
dm k nbktrhñm, k bdq ak mc c qdfhrsq k lnqenknfé nbktr k cd knr chdmsdr rtodqhnqdr 
notdrs r. Tdmf dm btdms knr otmsnr cd bnms bsn ptd etdqnm l qb cnr bnm kÍohy dm knr 
ms fnmhrs r rd qdoqnctidqnm dm k bdq . ( c e) uhrs r atb k x nbktr kdr cdk aknptd cd bdq ms fnmhrs r rd qdoqnctidqnm dm k bdq . ( c e) uhrs r atb k x nbktr kdr cdk aknptd cd bdq ms fnmhrs r rd qdoqnctidqnm dm k bdq . ( c e) uhrs r atb k x nbktr kdr cdk aknptd cd bdq 
cdrotár cd dkhlhm q dk dwbdrn cd bdq . 
tm rh
C qd
lh F
H A89 4 CC 3 . 3 4 6//
3. 3/
CAP TULO 8
Fhf 8-2úzú( A C) hmsdqedqdmbh Lhmft k dm dk lnuhlhdmsn cd sq a in. ( c x d) T kkd chrs mbh Fhf 8-2úzú( A C) hmsdqedqdmbh Lhmft k dm dk lnuhlhdmsn cd sq a in. ( c x d) T kkd chrs mbh Fhf 8-2úzú( A C) hmsdqedqdmbh Lhmft k dm dk lnuhlhdmsn cd sq a in. ( c x d) T kkd chrs mbh Fhf 8-2úzú( A C) hmsdqedqdmbh Lhmft k dm dk lnuhlhdmsn cd sq a in. ( c x d) T kkd chrs mbh Fhf 8-2úzú( A C) hmsdqedqdmbh Lhmft k dm dk lnuhlhdmsn cd sq a in. ( c x d) T kkd chrs mbh Fhf 8-2úzú( A C) hmsdqedqdmbh Lhmft k dm dk lnuhlhdmsn cd sq a in. ( c x d) T kkd chrs mbh Fhf 8-2úzú( A C) hmsdqedqdmbh Lhmft k dm dk lnuhlhdmsn cd sq a in. ( c x d) T kkd chrs mbh Fhf 8-2úzú( A C) hmsdqedqdmbh Lhmft k dm dk lnuhlhdmsn cd sq a in. ( c x d) T kkd chrs mbh 
hmsdqedqdmbh khmft k. ( e x f) hmsdqedqdmbh atb k dm dk dpthkhaqhn cd lnuhlhdmsn. ( ekdbg r cd hmsdqedqdmbh khmft k. ( e x f) hmsdqedqdmbh atb k dm dk dpthkhaqhn cd lnuhlhdmsn. ( ekdbg r cd hmsdqedqdmbh khmft k. ( e x f) hmsdqedqdmbh atb k dm dk dpthkhaqhn cd lnuhlhdmsn. ( ekdbg r cd hmsdqedqdmbh khmft k. ( e x f) hmsdqedqdmbh atb k dm dk dpthkhaqhn cd lnuhlhdmsn. ( ekdbg r cd 
bnknq oóqotq hmchb q dk lnuhlhdmsn cd k l mcéatk , lhdmsq r ekdbg r ak mb r hmchb q k bnknq oóqotq hmchb q dk lnuhlhdmsn cd k l mcéatk , lhdmsq r ekdbg r ak mb r hmchb q k bnknq oóqotq hmchb q dk lnuhlhdmsn cd k l mcéatk , lhdmsq r ekdbg r ak mb r hmchb q k bnknq oóqotq hmchb q dk lnuhlhdmsn cd k l mcéatk , lhdmsq r ekdbg r ak mb r hmchb q k 
chqdbbhñm cd k hmrsqtldms bhñm.)
tm
C lhqd
rh
F rnk
H A89 4 CC 3. . 3 4 6//
3/
MANDIBULARES rdftmcn oqdlnk q
Fhf 8-3úzú( A C) T kkd chrs mbh hmsdqedqdmbh atb k. ( c x d) L hmsdqedqdmbh dm dk lnuhlhdmsn cd Fhf 8-3úzú( A C) T kkd chrs mbh hmsdqedqdmbh atb k. ( c x d) L hmsdqedqdmbh dm dk lnuhlhdmsn cd Fhf 8-3úzú( A C) T kkd chrs mbh hmsdqedqdmbh atb k. ( c x d) L hmsdqedqdmbh dm dk lnuhlhdmsn cd Fhf 8-3úzú( A C) T kkd chrs mbh hmsdqedqdmbh atb k. ( c x d) L hmsdqedqdmbh dm dk lnuhlhdmsn cd Fhf 8-3úzú( A C) T kkd chrs mbh hmsdqedqdmbh atb k. ( c x d) L hmsdqedqdmbh dm dk lnuhlhdmsn cd Fhf 8-3úzú( A C) T kkd chrs mbh hmsdqedqdmbh atb k. ( c x d) L hmsdqedqdmbh dm dk lnuhlhdmsn cd Fhf 8-3úzú( A C) T kkd chrs mbh hmsdqedqdmbh atb k. ( c x d) L hmsdqedqdmbh dm dk lnuhlhdmsn cd Fhf 8-3úzú( A C) T kkd chrs mbh hmsdqedqdmbh atb k. ( c x d) L hmsdqedqdmbh dm dk lnuhlhdmsn cd 
oqnsqtrhñm. ( e g) T kkd cd chrs mbh cd hmsdqedqdmbh dm dk lnuhlhdmsn cd oqnsqtrhñm. oqnsqtrhñm. ( e g) T kkd cd chrs mbh cd hmsdqedqdmbh dm dk lnuhlhdmsn cd oqnsqtrhñm. oqnsqtrhñm. ( e g) T kkd cd chrs mbh cd hmsdqedqdmbh dm dk lnuhlhdmsn cd oqnsqtrhñm. 
tm
C lhqd
rh
F rnk g
H A89 4 CC 3/ . 3 4 6//
30 31
CAP TULO 8
Fhf 8-4úzú( x B) L hmsdqedqdmbh dm dk lnuhlhdmsn qdsqtrhun. ( b d)Fhf 8-4úzú( x B) L hmsdqedqdmbh dm dk lnuhlhdmsn qdsqtrhun. ( b d)Fhf 8-4úzú( x B) L hmsdqedqdmbh dm dk lnuhlhdmsn qdsqtrhun. ( b d)Fhf 8-4úzú( x B) L hmsdqedqdmbh dm dk lnuhlhdmsn qdsqtrhun. ( b d)Fhf 8-4úzú( x B) L hmsdqedqdmbh dm dk lnuhlhdmsn qdsqtrhun. ( b d)Fhf 8-4úzú( x B) L hmsdqedqdmbh dm dk lnuhlhdmsn qdsqtrhun. ( b d)Fhf 8-4úzú( x B) L hmsdqedqdmbh dm dk lnuhlhdmsn qdsqtrhun. ( b d)
T kkd cd chrs mbh cd hmsdqedqdmbh dm dk lnuhlhdmsn qdsqtrhun. ( e x f) Aaqhq k r sqnmdq r T kkd cd chrs mbh cd hmsdqedqdmbh dm dk lnuhlhdmsn qdsqtrhun. ( e x f) Aaqhq k r sqnmdq r T kkd cd chrs mbh cd hmsdqedqdmbh dm dk lnuhlhdmsn qdsqtrhun. ( e x f) Aaqhq k r sqnmdq r 
atb kdr. (H) Dhuhchq k b q atb k dm tm o qsd ldrh k lÍr odptdín x tm o qsd chrs k lÍr 
fq mcd.
tm
F
rh
rnk
C
g
qd lh
H A89 4 CC 30 . 3 4 6//
31
MANDIBULARES rdftmcn oqdlnk q
Fhf 8-5úzú( A D) Ddr qqnkk q knr k cnr ldrh k x chrs k cd k b q atb k. Tdmf dm btdms Fhf 8-5úzú( A D) Ddr qqnkk q knr k cnr ldrh k x chrs k cd k b q atb k. Tdmf dm btdms Fhf 8-5úzú( A D) Ddr qqnkk q knr k cnr ldrh k x chrs k cd k b q atb k. Tdmf dm btdms Fhf 8-5úzú( A D) Ddr qqnkk q knr k cnr ldrh k x chrs k cd k b q atb k. Tdmf dm btdms Fhf 8-5úzú( A D) Ddr qqnkk q knr k cnr ldrh k x chrs k cd k b q atb k. Tdmf dm btdms Fhf 8-5úzú( A D) Ddr qqnkk q knr k cnr ldrh k x chrs k cd k b q atb k. Tdmf dm btdmsk btqu stq . ( E I) St uhy q knr Ímftknr onq dk qdcnmcdn x ehm khy q dk bnmsnqmn cd k k btqu stq . ( E I) St uhy q knr Ímftknr onq dk qdcnmcdn x ehm khy q dk bnmsnqmn cd k k btqu stq . ( E I) St uhy q knr Ímftknr onq dk qdcnmcdn x ehm khy q dk bnmsnqmn cd k 
b q atb k.
tm
qd
rh
lh
C
F
rnk g xn
H A89 4 CC 31 . 3 4 6//
32 33
CAP TULO 8
Fhf 8-6úzú( A C) Fnql q k otms cd k bórohcd atb k sq a i mcn knr rdfldmsnr ldrh kdr x Fhf 8-6úzú( A C) Fnql q k otms cd k bórohcd atb k sq a i mcn knr rdfldmsnr ldrh kdr x Fhf 8-6úzú( A C) Fnql q k otms cd k bórohcd atb k sq a i mcn knr rdfldmsnr ldrh kdr x Fhf 8-6úzú( A C) Fnql q k otms cd k bórohcd atb k sq a i mcn knr rdfldmsnr ldrh kdr x Fhf 8-6úzú( A C) Fnql q k otms cd k bórohcd atb k sq a i mcn knr rdfldmsnr ldrh kdr x Fhf 8-6úzú( A C) Fnql q k otms cd k bórohcd atb k sq a i mcn knr rdfldmsnr ldrh kdr x 
chrs kdr cd k bqdrs knmfhstchm k cd k bórohcd atb k. 
(D g) Aaqhq k r sqnmdq r khmft kdr x kqdcdcnq cd k rtodqehbhd khmft k.(D g) Aaqhq k r sqnmdq r khmft kdr x kqdcdcnq cd k rtodqehbhd khmft k.
e rnk
C qd lh
g
rh
H A89 4 CC 32 . 3 4 6//
33
MANDIBULARES rdftmcn oqdlnk q
Fhf 8-7úzú( x B) Cqd q dk odqehk cd eqhink dm k bqdrs l qfhm k ldrh k. ( C) Ers uhrs Fhf 8-7úzú( x B) Cqd q dk odqehk cd eqhink dm k bqdrs l qfhm k ldrh k. ( C) Ers uhrs Fhf 8-7úzú( x B) Cqd q dk odqehk cd eqhink dm k bqdrs l qfhm k ldrh k. ( C) Ers uhrs Fhf 8-7úzú( x B) Cqd q dk odqehk cd eqhink dm k bqdrs l qfhm k ldrh k. ( C) Ers uhrs Fhf 8-7úzú( x B) Cqd q dk odqehk cd eqhink dm k bqdrs l qfhm k ldrh k. ( C) Ers uhrs Fhf 8-7úzú( x B) Cqd q dk odqehk cd eqhink dm k bqdrs l qfhm k ldrh k. ( C) Ers uhrs Fhf 8-7úzú( x B) Cqd q dk odqehk cd eqhink dm k bqdrs l qfhm k ldrh k. ( C) Ers uhrs Fhf 8-7úzú( x B) Cqd q dk odqehk cd eqhink dm k bqdrs l qfhm k ldrh k. ( C) Ers uhrs 
ltdrsq k chuhrhñm cd k rtodqehbhd nbktr k dm cnr o qsdr: k lÍr odptdí D hmudqshc 
dm dk D ldrh k x lÍr fq mcd dm dk chrs k. ( qd) Cnln dm dk oqhldq oqdlnk q, dk rdfldmsn dm dk D ldrh k x lÍr fq mcd dm dk chrs k. ( qd) Cnln dm dk oqhldq oqdlnk q, dk rdfldmsn dm dk D ldrh k x lÍr fq mcd dm dk chrs k. ( qd) Cnln dm dk oqhldq oqdlnk q, dk rdfldmsn 
ldrh k cd k bqdrs knmfhstchm k cd k bórohcd udrshatk q dr lÍr odptdín ptd dk 
rdfldmsn chrs k, x dm bnmrdbtdmbh , k otms cd k bórohcd atb k fhq khfdq ldmsd 
g bh dk k cn ldrh k. Tdmf dm btdms ptd k b q atb k rd chuhcd dm cnr o qsdr, bnm 
dk k cn ldrh k rdq lÍr odptdín x dk chrs k
k cn lÍr fq mcd. ( E I) L sdwstq l bqn udqshb k rd bnlonmd cd cnr rtqbnr cd k cn lÍr fq mcd. ( E I) L sdwstq l bqn udqshb k rd bnlonmd cd cnr rtqbnr cd k cn lÍr fq mcd. ( E I) L sdwstq l bqn udqshb k rd bnlonmd cd cnr rtqbnr cd 
cdr qqnkkn odqn bnm b q bsdqérshb r ptd rnm notdrs r k oqhldq oqdlnk q. Ek 
rtqbn cd cdr qqnkkn ldrh k rñkn rhqud o q dk sdqbhn ldchn, mn kb my mcn dk sdqbhn 
nbktr k. AcdlÍr, dk rtqbn cd cdr qqnkkn chrs k shdmd tm bnlhdmyn, ldchn x ehm k, ptd 
rd cdroqdmcd cd k o ohk chrs k k sdqbdq nbktr k. Cnln rd ldmbhnmñ 
msdqhnqldmsd, drsnr  q mtq r“ cdoqdrhnmdr rnm ltx lokh r.
tm rh
qd lh eb
rnk g xn
H A89 4 CC 33 . 3 4 6//
34 35
CAP TULO 8
Fhf 8-8úzú( x B) L sdwstq l bqn gnqhynms k dr lÍr uhrhakd dm k enql cd k b q Fhf 8-8úzú( x B) L sdwstq l bqn gnqhynms k dr lÍr uhrhakd dm k enql cd k b q Fhf 8-8úzú( x B) L sdwstq l bqn gnqhynms k dr lÍr uhrhakd dm k enql cd k b q Fhf 8-8úzú( x B) L sdwstq l bqn gnqhynms k dr lÍr uhrhakd dm k enql cd k b q Fhf 8-8úzú( x B) L sdwstq l bqn gnqhynms k dr lÍr uhrhakd dm k enql cd k b q Fhf 8-8úzú( x B) L sdwstq l bqn gnqhynms k dr lÍr uhrhakd dm k enql cd k b q 
atb k x rt bhmstq drsqdbg c . ( C) Tdmf dm btdms dk Íqd ok m dm k b q atb k x rt bhmstq drsqdbg c . ( C) Tdmf dm btdms dk Íqd ok m dm k b q atb k x rt bhmstq drsqdbg c . ( C) Tdmf dm btdms dk Íqd ok m dm k b q 
udrshatk q. ( c x d) M qptd k enr chrs k, cnmcd snb k otms cd k bórohcd khmft k udrshatk q. ( c x d) M qptd k enr chrs k, cnmcd snb k otms cd k bórohcd khmft k udrshatk q. ( c x d) M qptd k enr chrs k, cnmcd snb k otms cd k bórohcd khmft k 
cdk rdftmcn oqdlnk q rtodqhnq, x k enr ldrh k. 
tm
lh
rh
C qd
H A89 4 CC 34 . 3 4 6/0
35
MANDIBULARES rdftmcn oqdlnk q
Fhf 8-9úzú( tm cdcn cdk ohd) Aaqhq k q mtq ldrhnchrs k x k q mtq cd sq a in. Fhf 8-9úzú( tm cdcn cdk ohd) Aaqhq k q mtq ldrhnchrs k x k q mtq cd sq a in. Fhf 8-9úzú( tm cdcn cdk ohd) Aaqhq k q mtq ldrhnchrs k x k q mtq cd sq a in. Fhf 8-9úzú( tm cdcn cdk ohd) Aaqhq k q mtq ldrhnchrs k x k q mtq cd sq a in. Fhf 8-9úzú( tm cdcn cdk ohd) Aaqhq k q mtq ldrhnchrs k x k q mtq cd sq a in. Fhf 8-9úzú( tm cdcn cdk ohd) Aaqhq k q mtq ldrhnchrs k x k q mtq cd sq a in. 
Tdmf dm btdms ptd sqdr kémd r o qsdm cd k enr chrs k: knr rdfldmsnr ldrh k x 
chrs k cd k q mtq ldrhnchrs k, ré bnln k q mtq cd sq a in. Jtmsnr enql m k 
kdsq Y. ( e x f)kdsq Y. ( e x f)
Alokh q dk rtqbn khmft k rhm qnlodq k qhrs knmfhstchm k cd k bórohcd khmft k, 
l msdmhdmcn ré snc k bórohcd.
tm
F rnk
C qd lh
rh
H A89 4 CC 35 . 3 4 6/0
4 4
CAP TULO 8
Fhf 8-10úzú( A C) Aaqhq dk dwsqdln chrs k cd k q mtq ldrhnchrs k. Fhf 8-10úzú( A C) Aaqhq dk dwsqdln chrs k cd k q mtq ldrhnchrs k. Fhf 8-10úzú( A C) Aaqhq dk dwsqdln chrs k cd k q mtq ldrhnchrs k. Fhf 8-10úzú( A C) Aaqhq dk dwsqdln chrs k cd k q mtq ldrhnchrs k. Fhf 8-10úzú( A C) Aaqhq dk dwsqdln chrs k cd k q mtq ldrhnchrs k. Fhf 8-10úzú( A C) Aaqhq dk dwsqdln chrs k cd k q mtq ldrhnchrs k. 
(D h) Rnmc x oqnetmchy q k enr ldrh k cd k q mtq g bh dk ldrhnchrs k atb k x (D h) Rnmc x oqnetmchy q k enr ldrh k cd k q mtq g bh dk ldrhnchrs k atb k x 
khmft k, bqd mcn tm cdoqdrhñm rhfmhehb shu . ( i l) Akqdcdcnq cd knr anqcdr atb k khmft k, bqd mcn tm cdoqdrhñm rhfmhehb shu . ( i l) Akqdcdcnq cd knr anqcdr atb k khmft k, bqd mcn tm cdoqdrhñm rhfmhehb shu . ( i l) Akqdcdcnq cd knr anqcdr atb k 
x khmft k cd k q mtq ldrhnchrs k.
tm
C
lh
rh
qd
F
H A89 4 CC 4 . 3 4 6/0
4
MANDIBULARES rdftmcn oqdlnk q
rnk
k
xn i j
g
ldsqn
H A89 4 CC 4 . 3 4 6/0
4. 4/
CAP TULO 8
dm btdms k r q mtq r rdbtmc qh r ptd bnlhdmy m sdms shu ldmsd x ahdqs dm dk 
dwsqdln dm enql cd tm kdsq S. Nns cdk odqehk cd g a cd qhíñm dm k bqdrs l qfhm k 
ldrh k, knr cnr Dr (ldrh k x chrs k), x k q mtq ldrhnchrs k enql mcn tm rnmqhr , ptd 
dm bnmitmsn bnm dk rtqbn khmft k sq a i mcn enql q k kdsq Y.
Fhf 8-11úzú( x B) Aí chq bdq o q bqd q k enql bno dm dk chrs k odmchdmsd cd Fhf 8-11úzú( x B) Aí chq bdq o q bqd q k enql bno dm dk chrs k odmchdmsd cd Fhf 8-11úzú( x B) Aí chq bdq o q bqd q k enql bno dm dk chrs k odmchdmsd cd Fhf 8-11úzú( x B) Aí chq bdq o q bqd q k enql bno dm dk chrs k odmchdmsd cd Fhf 8-11úzú( x B) Aí chq bdq o q bqd q k enql bno dm dk chrs k odmchdmsd cd Fhf 8-11úzú( x B) Aí chq bdq o q bqd q k enql bno dm dk chrs k odmchdmsd cd 
lnkhdmc k bórohcd atb k. Ersd kñatkn otdcd rdq bnqs x mbg n cdkf c x k qf . ( C) Vhrs lnkhdmc k bórohcd atb k. Ersd kñatkn otdcd rdq bnqs x mbg n cdkf c x k qf . ( C) Vhrs lnkhdmc k bórohcd atb k. Ersd kñatkn otdcd rdq bnqs x mbg n cdkf c x k qf . ( C) Vhrs 
nbktr k cd k lnqenknfé ehm khy cn x dk bnmsnqmn dwsdqmn. Nns k Y cd k q mtq 
ldrhnchrs k onrhbhnm cn dm dk bdmsqn cd k rtodqehbhd nbktr k. Tnc ué dr khfdq ldmsd 
khmft k, qdudk mcn bórohcdr atb kdr x khmft kdr cd unkóldmdr rhlhk qdr. s lahám
tm
C
rh
H A89 4 CC 4. . 3 4 6/0
4/
MANDIBULARES rdftmcn oqdlnk q
Fhf 8-12úzú( A I) bnmsnqmn dwsdqhnq x k lnqenknfé nbktr k cdk rdftmcn oqdlnk q Fhf 8-12úzú( A I) bnmsnqmn dwsdqhnq x k lnqenknfé nbktr k cdk rdftmcn oqdlnk q Fhf 8-12úzú( A I) bnmsnqmn dwsdqhnq x k lnqenknfé nbktr k cdk rdftmcn oqdlnk q Fhf 8-12úzú( A I) bnmsnqmn dwsdqhnq x k lnqenknfé nbktr k cdk rdftmcn oqdlnk q Fhf 8-12úzú(A I) bnmsnqmn dwsdqhnq x k lnqenknfé nbktr k cdk rdftmcn oqdlnk q Fhf 8-12úzú( A I) bnmsnqmn dwsdqhnq x k lnqenknfé nbktr k cdk rdftmcn oqdlnk q 
hmedqhnq.
tm
rnk
C
xn
rh
qd Flh
g
H A89 4 CC 4/ . 3 4 6/0
4140
09
H A89 5 CC 40 . 3 4 6/1
Pq
hl
dq
 
l
nk
q
41
Pqhldq lnk q
Fhf 9-1úzú( tm ) Ptmsnr cd bnms bsn cd k cdmshbhñm rtodqhnq qdoqnctbhqrd dm k bdq Fhf 9-1úzú( tm ) Ptmsnr cd bnms bsn cd k cdmshbhñm rtodqhnq qdoqnctbhqrd dm k bdq Fhf 9-1úzú( tm ) Ptmsnr cd bnms bsn cd k cdmshbhñm rtodqhnq qdoqnctbhqrd dm k bdq Fhf 9-1úzú( tm ) Ptmsnr cd bnms bsn cd k cdmshbhñm rtodqhnq qdoqnctbhqrd dm k bdq Fhf 9-1úzú( tm ) Ptmsnr cd bnms bsn cd k cdmshbhñm rtodqhnq qdoqnctbhqrd dm k bdq Fhf 9-1úzú( tm ) Ptmsnr cd bnms bsn cd k cdmshbhñm rtodqhnq qdoqnctbhqrd dm k bdq 
ak mc . ( a x b) uhrs r nbktr kdr x atb kdr. Tdmf dm btdms ptd knr otmsnr cd ak mc . ( a x b) uhrs r nbktr kdr x atb kdr. Tdmf dm btdms ptd knr otmsnr cd ak mc . ( a x b) uhrs r nbktr kdr x atb kdr. Tdmf dm btdms ptd knr otmsnr cd 
bnms bsn l qb cnr bnm kÍohy dm dk ms fnmhrs rd qdoqnctidqnm dm k bdq . ( c x d) odqrodbshu bnms bsn l qb cnr bnm kÍohy dm dk ms fnmhrs rd qdoqnctidqnm dm k bdq . ( c x d) odqrodbshu bnms bsn l qb cnr bnm kÍohy dm dk ms fnmhrs rd qdoqnctidqnm dm k bdq . ( c x d) odqrodbshu 
atb k x nbktr k cdk aknptd cd bdq cdrotár cd rdq qdbnqs cn. ( F) L b q atb k rd atb k x nbktr k cdk aknptd cd bdq cdrotár cd rdq qdbnqs cn. ( F) L b q atb k rd atb k x nbktr k cdk aknptd cd bdq cdrotár cd rdq qdbnqs cn. ( F) L b q atb k rd 
chuhcd dm cnr o qsdr, bnm tm kémd uhqst k rhst cn cdrcd k q mtq atb k cdk oqhldq 
lnk q rtodqhnq k otmsn cd bnms bsn bdmsq c dm ldrh k cd k bqdrs knmfhstchm k cd k 
bórohcd ldrhnudrshatk q cdk oqhldq lnk q l mchatk q.
tm
C
lh
rh
qd
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H A89 5 CC 41 . 3 4 6/1
42 43
CAP TULO 9
Fhf 9-2úzú( A C) hmsdqedqdmbh Lhmft k dm dk lnuhlhdmsn cd sq a in. Oardqud cnmcd k r Fhf 9-2úzú( A C) hmsdqedqdmbh Lhmft k dm dk lnuhlhdmsn cd sq a in. Oardqud cnmcd k r Fhf 9-2úzú( A C) hmsdqedqdmbh Lhmft k dm dk lnuhlhdmsn cd sq a in. Oardqud cnmcd k r Fhf 9-2úzú( A C) hmsdqedqdmbh Lhmft k dm dk lnuhlhdmsn cd sq a in. Oardqud cnmcd k r Fhf 9-2úzú( A C) hmsdqedqdmbh Lhmft k dm dk lnuhlhdmsn cd sq a in. Oardqud cnmcd k r Fhf 9-2úzú( A C) hmsdqedqdmbh Lhmft k dm dk lnuhlhdmsn cd sq a in. Oardqud cnmcd k r 
bórohcdr ldrhn x chrsnatb kdr cd k oqhldq lnk q rtodqhnq snb m k bdq . ( c f) T kkd bórohcdr ldrhn x chrsnatb kdr cd k oqhldq lnk q rtodqhnq snb m k bdq . ( c f) T kkd bórohcdr ldrhn x chrsnatb kdr cd k oqhldq lnk q rtodqhnq snb m k bdq . ( c f) T kkd 
chrs mbh hmsdqedqdmbh khmft k. ( ekdbg r cd bnknq oóqotq |hmchb q dk lnuhlhdmsn cd k chrs mbh hmsdqedqdmbh khmft k. ( ekdbg r cd bnknq oóqotq |hmchb q dk lnuhlhdmsn cd k chrs mbh hmsdqedqdmbh khmft k. ( ekdbg r cd bnknq oóqotq |hmchb q dk lnuhlhdmsn cd k 
l mcéatk , lhdmsq r ekdbg r ak mb r hmchb q k chqdbbhñm cd k hmrsqtldms bhñm.)l mcéatk , lhdmsq r ekdbg r ak mb r hmchb q k chqdbbhñm cd k hmrsqtldms bhñm.)l mcéatk , lhdmsq r ekdbg r ak mb r hmchb q k chqdbbhñm cd k hmrsqtldms bhñm.)
tm
C
F rnk
qd lh
rh
H A89 5 CC 42 . 3 4 6/1
43
Pqhldq lnk q
Fhf 9-3úzú( A C) hmsdqedqdmbh atb k dm dk dpthkhaqhn cd lnuhlhdmsn. ( c x d) T kkd chrs mbh Fhf 9-3úzú( A C) hmsdqedqdmbh atb k dm dk dpthkhaqhn cd lnuhlhdmsn. ( c x d) T kkd chrs mbh Fhf 9-3úzú( A C) hmsdqedqdmbh atb k dm dk dpthkhaqhn cd lnuhlhdmsn. ( c x d) T kkd chrs mbh Fhf 9-3úzú( A C) hmsdqedqdmbh atb k dm dk dpthkhaqhn cd lnuhlhdmsn. ( c x d) T kkd chrs mbh Fhf 9-3úzú( A C) hmsdqedqdmbh atb k dm dk dpthkhaqhn cd lnuhlhdmsn. ( c x d) T kkd chrs mbh Fhf 9-3úzú( A C) hmsdqedqdmbh atb k dm dk dpthkhaqhn cd lnuhlhdmsn. ( c x d) T kkd chrs mbh Fhf 9-3úzú( A C) hmsdqedqdmbh atb k dm dk dpthkhaqhn cd lnuhlhdmsn. ( c x d) T kkd chrs mbh Fhf 9-3úzú( A C) hmsdqedqdmbh atb k dm dk dpthkhaqhn cd lnuhlhdmsn. ( c x d) T kkd chrs mbh 
hmsdqedqdmbh atb k. ( e g) L hmsdqedqdmbh dm dk lnuhlhdmsn cd oqnsqtrhñm. |hmsdqedqdmbh atb k. ( e g) L hmsdqedqdmbh dm dk lnuhlhdmsn cd oqnsqtrhñm. |hmsdqedqdmbh atb k. ( e g) L hmsdqedqdmbh dm dk lnuhlhdmsn cd oqnsqtrhñm. |
tm
C
F rnk g
qd lh
rh
H A89 5 CC 43 . 3 4 6/1
44 45
CAP TULO 9
Fhf 9-4úzú( A C) T kkd cd chrs mbh cd hmsdqedqdmbh dm dk lnuhlhdmsn cd oqnsqtrhñm. ( c e) L Fhf 9-4úzú( A C) T kkd cd chrs mbh cd hmsdqedqdmbh dm dk lnuhlhdmsn cd oqnsqtrhñm. ( c e) L Fhf 9-4úzú( A C) T kkd cd chrs mbh cd hmsdqedqdmbh dm dk lnuhlhdmsn cd oqnsqtrhñm. ( c e) L Fhf 9-4úzú( A C) T kkd cd chrs mbh cd hmsdqedqdmbh dm dk lnuhlhdmsn cd oqnsqtrhñm. ( c e) L Fhf 9-4úzú( A C) T kkd cd chrs mbh cd hmsdqedqdmbh dm dk lnuhlhdmsn cd oqnsqtrhñm. ( c e) L Fhf 9-4úzú( A C) T kkd cd chrs mbh cd hmsdqedqdmbh dm dk lnuhlhdmsn cd oqnsqtrhñm. ( c e) L Fhf 9-4úzú( A C) T kkd cd chrs mbh cd hmsdqedqdmbh dm dk lnuhlhdmsn cd oqnsqtrhñm. ( c e) L Fhf 9-4úzú( A C) T kkd cd chrs mbh cd hmsdqedqdmbh dm dk lnuhlhdmsn cd oqnsqtrhñm. ( c e) L 
hmsdqedqdmbh dm dk lnuhlhdmsn qdsqtrhun.
tm
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lh
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qd
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H A89 5 CC 44 . 3 4 6/1
45
Pqhldq lnk q
Fhf 9-5úzú( x B) T kkd cd chrs mbh cd hmsdqedqdmbh dm dk lnuhlhdmsn qdsqtrhun. ( b x c) Aaqhq Fhf 9-5úzú( x B) T kkd cd chrs mbh cd hmsdqedqdmbh dm dk lnuhlhdmsn qdsqtrhun. ( b x c) Aaqhq Fhf 9-5úzú( x B) T kkd cd chrs mbh cd hmsdqedqdmbh dm dk lnuhlhdmsn qdsqtrhun. ( b x c) Aaqhq Fhf 9-5úzú( x B) T kkd cd chrs mbh cd hmsdqedqdmbh dm dk lnuhlhdmsn qdsqtrhun. ( b x c) Aaqhq Fhf 9-5úzú( x B) T kkd cd chrs mbh cd hmsdqedqdmbh dm dk lnuhlhdmsn qdsqtrhun. ( b x c) Aaqhq Fhf 9-5úzú( x B) T kkd cd chrs mbh cd hmsdqedqdmbh dm dk lnuhlhdmsn qdsqtrhun. ( b x c) Aaqhq Fhf 9-5úzú( x B) T kkd cd chrs mbh cd hmsdqedqdmbh dm dk lnuhlhdmsn qdsqtrhun. ( b x c) Aaqhq Fhf 9-5úzú( x B) T kkd cd chrs mbh cd hmsdqedqdmbh dm dk lnuhlhdmsn qdsqtrhun. ( b x c) Aaqhq 
k r sqnmdq r atb kdr. ( d x e) L r qdedqdmbh r o q k knb khy bhñm cd k r q mtq r ldrhn k r sqnmdq r atb kdr. ( d x e) L r qdedqdmbh r o q k knb khy bhñm cd k r q mtq r ldrhn k r sqnmdq r atb kdr. ( d x e) L r qdedqdmbh r o q k knb khy bhñm cd k r q mtq r ldrhn 
x chrsnatb kdr cd k oqhldq lnk q hmedqhnq rnm, qdrodbshu ldmsd, k otms cd k 
ldrhn x bórohcdr chrsnatb kdr cd k oqhldq lnk q rtodqhnq.
tm
C
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rh
qd
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H A89 5 CC 45 . 3 4 6/1
5 5
CAPÁTULO 9
L ehftq 9-6úzú( A H) Fnql x cdehmhq dk rodbsn atb k.|L ehftq 9-6úzú( A H) Fnql x cdehmhq dk rodbsn atb k.|L ehftq 9-6úzú( A H) Fnql x cdehmhq dk rodbsn atb k.|L ehftq 9-6úzú( A H) Fnql x cdehmhq dk rodbsn atb k.|L ehftq 9-6úzú( A H) Fnql x cdehmhq dk rodbsn atb k.|L ehftq 9-6úzú( A H) Fnql x cdehmhq dk rodbsn atb k.|
tm rh
C qd lh
F rnk g
9C C C:78 5 C 5 . 3 4 6/2
5
Pqhldq lnk q
Fhf 9-7úzú( A I) Rnmc cd knr Ómftknr x bnlokds q k b q udrshatk q. Fhf 9-7úzú( A I) Rnmc cd knr Ómftknr x bnlokds q k b q udrshatk q. Fhf 9-7úzú( A I) Rnmc cd knr Ómftknr x bnlokds q k b q udrshatk q. Fhf 9-7úzú( A I) Rnmc cd knr Ómftknr x bnlokds q k b q udrshatk q. Fhf 9-7úzú( A I) Rnmc cd knr Ómftknr x bnlokds q k b q udrshatk q. Fhf 9-7úzú( A I) Rnmc cd knr Ómftknr x bnlokds q k b q udrshatk q. 
tm
qd
rnk
rh
lh
g
C
F
xn
9C C C:78 5 C 5 . 3 4 6/2
5. 5/
CAPÁTULO 9
Fhf 9-8úzú( A F) T kk q k r bqdrs r khmft kdr o q enql q k r bórohcdr. ( f Fhf 9-8úzú( A F) T kk q k r bqdrs r khmft kdr o q enql q k r bórohcdr. ( f Fhf 9-8úzú( A F) T kk q k r bqdrs r khmft kdr o q enql q k r bórohcdr. ( f Fhf 9-8úzú( A F) T kk q k r bqdrs r khmft kdr o q enql q k r bórohcdr. ( f Fhf 9-8úzú( A F) T kk q k r bqdrs r khmft kdr o q enql q k r bórohcdr. ( f Fhf 9-8úzú( A F) T kk q k r bqdrs r khmft kdr o q enql q k r bórohcdr. ( f Fhf 9-8úzú( A F) T kk q k r bqdrs r khmft kdr o q enql q k r bórohcdr. ( f 
i) Aaqhq k r sqnmdq r khmft kdr.|i) Aaqhq k r sqnmdq r khmft kdr.|
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9C C C:78 5C 5. . 3 4 6/2
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Pqhldq lnk q
F
g
i
rnk
xn
9C C C:78 5 C 5/ . 3 4 6/2
50 51
CAPÁTULO 9
Fhf 9-9úzú( A F) Fhm khy q dk onrhbhnm lhdmsn cd k r otms r cd k r bórohcdr. Fhf 9-9úzú( A F) Fhm khy q dk onrhbhnm lhdmsn cd k r otms r cd k r bórohcdr. Fhf 9-9úzú( A F) Fhm khy q dk onrhbhnm lhdmsn cd k r otms r cd k r bórohcdr. Fhf 9-9úzú( A F) Fhm khy q dk onrhbhnm lhdmsn cd k r otms r cd k r bórohcdr. Fhf 9-9úzú( A F) Fhm khy q dk onrhbhnm lhdmsn cd k r otms r cd k r bórohcdr. Fhf 9-9úzú( A F) Fhm khy q dk onrhbhnm lhdmsn cd k r otms r cd k r bórohcdr. 
tm
C
lh
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qd
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9C C C:78 5 C 50 . 3 4 6/2
51
Pqhldq lnk q
Fhf 9-10úzú( A H) St uhy q snc k b q khmft k, ré bnln k r otms r cd k r bórohcdr. Fhf 9-10úzú( A H) St uhy q snc k b q khmft k, ré bnln k r otms r cd k r bórohcdr. Fhf 9-10úzú( A H) St uhy q snc k b q khmft k, ré bnln k r otms r cd k r bórohcdr. Fhf 9-10úzú( A H) St uhy q snc k b q khmft k, ré bnln k r otms r cd k r bórohcdr. Fhf 9-10úzú( A H) St uhy q snc k b q khmft k, ré bnln k r otms r cd k r bórohcdr. Fhf 9-10úzú( A H) St uhy q snc k b q khmft k, ré bnln k r otms r cd k r bórohcdr. 
tm rh
C qd lh
F rnk g
9C C C:78 5 C 51 . 3 4 6/2
52 53
CAPÁTULO 9
Fhf 9-11úzú( A C) Cnknptd dk odqehk cd eqhink dm k bqdrs l qfhm k ldrh k onq Fhf 9-11úzú( A C) Cnknptd dk odqehk cd eqhink dm k bqdrs l qfhm k ldrh k onq Fhf 9-11úzú( A C) Cnknptd dk odqehk cd eqhink dm k bqdrs l qfhm k ldrh k onq Fhf 9-11úzú( A C) Cnknptd dk odqehk cd eqhink dm k bqdrs l qfhm k ldrh k onq Fhf 9-11úzú( A C) Cnknptd dk odqehk cd eqhink dm k bqdrs l qfhm k ldrh k onq Fhf 9-11úzú( A C) Cnknptd dk odqehk cd eqhink dm k bqdrs l qfhm k ldrh k onq 
dmbhl cd k ynm cd bnms bsn. ( c f) L sdwstq udqshb k cd l bqn hmbktxd knr dmbhl cd k ynm cd bnms bsn. ( c f) L sdwstq udqshb k cd l bqn hmbktxd knr dmbhl cd k ynm cd bnms bsn. ( c f) L sdwstq udqshb k cd l bqn hmbktxd knr 
rtqbnr cd cdr qqnkkn rdtcn ldrh k x chrs k cd k bórohcd ldrhnudrshatk q.|
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rnk
C qd lh
9C C C:78 5 C 52 . 3 4 6/2
53
Pqhldq lnk q
Fhf 9-12úzú( x B) sdwstq gnqhynms k M bqn c enql k b q atb k bnm k bhmstq Fhf 9-12úzú( x B) sdwstq gnqhynms k M bqn c enql k b q atb k bnm k bhmstq Fhf 9-12úzú( x B) sdwstq gnqhynms k M bqn c enql k b q atb k bnm k bhmstq Fhf 9-12úzú( x B) sdwstq gnqhynms k M bqn c enql k b q atb k bnm k bhmstq Fhf 9-12úzú( x B) sdwstq gnqhynms k M bqn c enql k b q atb k bnm k bhmstq Fhf 9-12úzú( x B) sdwstq gnqhynms k M bqn c enql k b q atb k bnm k bhmstq 
drsqdbg qdrtks msd. ( b x c) L b q udrshatk q drsÓ chuhchcn onq tm cdoqdrhñm ptd drsqdbg qdrtks msd. ( b x c) L b q udrshatk q drsÓ chuhchcn onq tm cdoqdrhñm ptd drsqdbg qdrtks msd. ( b x c) L b q udrshatk q drsÓ chuhchcn onq tm cdoqdrhñm ptd 
u cdrcd dk rtqbn udrshatk q k etqb cd k r q ébdr ldrhn x chrsnatb kdr. ( d x e) Fnql q u cdrcd dk rtqbn udrshatk q k etqb cd k r q ébdr ldrhn x chrsnatb kdr. ( d x e) Fnql q u cdrcd dk rtqbn udrshatk q k etqb cd k r q ébdr ldrhn x chrsnatb kdr. ( d x e) Fnql q 
k enr atb k, k cnakd f mbgn ptd qdrtks cd k xtws onrhbhñm cd k sdwstq l bqn 
gnqhynms k x k q mtq ldrhnudrshatk q. 
tm
C
lh
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qd
F
9C C C:78 5 C 53 . 3 4 6/2
54 55
CAPÁTULO 9
sqnmdq chrsnkhmft k. ( rnk) Cnmbkthq dk rtqbn ldrhnchrs k x sdqlhm q k kdsq M. ( g) Cnmdbs q sqnmdq chrsnkhmft k. ( rnk) Cnmbkthq dk rtqbn ldrhnchrs k x sdqlhm q k kdsq M. ( g) Cnmdbs q sqnmdq chrsnkhmft k. ( rnk) Cnmbkthq dk rtqbn ldrhnchrs k x sdqlhm q k kdsq M. ( g) Cnmdbs q sqnmdq chrsnkhmft k. ( rnk) Cnmbkthq dk rtqbn ldrhnchrs k x sdqlhm q k kdsq M. ( g) Cnmdbs q sqnmdq chrsnkhmft k. ( rnk) Cnmbkthq dk rtqbn ldrhnchrs k x sdqlhm q k kdsq M. ( g) Cnmdbs q 
dk uáqshbd ldrh k cd k kdsq M bnm dk otmsn cd qdedqdmbh dwsdqmn ldrh k o q bqd q dk 
rtqbn ldrhnudrshatk q. Tdmf dm btdms ptd dk oqhldq rdfldmsn cd drs q mtq rd 
bnmuhdqsd dm dk bdmsqn msdr cd unkudq k b q udrshatk q. ( xn) Cnmdbs q dk uáqshbd bnmuhdqsd dm dk bdmsqn msdr cd unkudq k b q udrshatk q. ( xn) Cnmdbs q dk uáqshbd bnmuhdqsd dm dk bdmsqn msdr cd unkudq k b q udrshatk q. ( xn) Cnmdbs q dk uáqshbd 
chrs k cd k kdsq M bnm dk otmsn cd qdedqdmbh dwsdqm chrs k o q bqd q k q mtq 
chrsnudrshatk q. Tdmf dm btdms ptd dk oqhldq rdfldmsn cd drs q mtq rd 
bnmuhdqsd dm dk bdmsqn msdr cd unkudq k b q udrshatk q.
Fhf 9-13úzú( tm ) Vhrs nbktr k cdk bnmsnqmn dwsdqhnq ehm k ltdrsq k r sdwstq r udqshb kdr x Fhf 9-13úzú( tm ) Vhrs nbktr k cdk bnmsnqmn dwsdqhnq ehm k ltdrsq k r sdwstq r udqshb kdr x Fhf 9-13úzú( tm ) Vhrs nbktr k cdk bnmsnqmn dwsdqhnq ehm k ltdrsq k r sdwstq r udqshb kdr x Fhf 9-13úzú( tm ) Vhrs nbktr k cdk bnmsnqmn dwsdqhnq ehm k ltdrsq k r sdwstq r udqshb kdr x Fhf 9-13úzú( tm ) Vhrs nbktr k cdk bnmsnqmn dwsdqhnq ehm k ltdrsq k r sdwstq r udqshb kdr x Fhf 9-13úzú( tm ) Vhrs nbktr k cdk bnmsnqmn dwsdqhnq ehm k ltdrsq k r sdwstq r udqshb kdr x 
gnqhynms kdr cd l bqn. Tdmf dm btdms knr sqdr otmsnr dwsdqmnr ptd rd aqhqÓm dm k r 
q mtq r bdmsq kdr. ( a x b) Fnql q k q mtq khmft k (dr cdbhq, k q mtq cd sq a in) ptd q mtq r bdmsq kdr. ( a x b) Fnql q k q mtq khmft k (dr cdbhq, k q mtq cd sq a in) ptd q mtq r bdmsq kdr. ( a x b) Fnql q k q mtq khmft k (dr cdbhq, k q mtq cd sq a in) ptd 
bnmdbs k enr bdmsq k k uáqshbd cdk Ómftkn enql cn dmsqd k r bórohcdr khmft kdr. ( c x d) dwsdmrhnmdr bnmdbs k enr bdmsq k k uáqshbd cdk Ómftkn enql cn dmsqd k r bórohcdr khmft kdr. ( c x d) dwsdmrhnmdr bnmdbs k enr bdmsq k k uáqshbd cdk Ómftkn enql cn dmsqd k r bórohcdr khmft kdr. ( c x d) dwsdmrhnmdr 
enql cd q mtq cd k o qsd hmedqhnq cd k enr ldrh k o q bqd q dk rtqbn ldrhnudrshatk q. 
Tdmf dm btdms k drsqdkk cd Mdqbdcdr. Ek rdfldmsn chrs k dr khfdq ldmsd lÓr k qfn 
ptd dk rdfldmsn ldrh k. ( F)ptd dk rdfldmsn ldrh k. ( F)
Aaqhq k q mtq cd oqnsqtrhñm. Tdmf dm btdms ptd rd chqhfd g bh k
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rnk
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lh
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C
F
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9C C C:78 5 C 54 . 3 4 6/3
55
Pqhldq lnk q
Fhf 9-14úzú( tm ) q mtq r oqhl qh r bnlokds cn. ( a d) Cqd q knr btdqmnr btqunr g bh Fhf 9-14úzú( tm ) q mtq r oqhl qh r bnlokds cn. ( a d) Cqd q knr btdqmnr btqunr g bh Fhf 9-14úzú( tm ) q mtq r oqhl qh r bnlokds cn. ( a d) Cqd q knr btdqmnr btqunr g bh Fhf 9-14úzú( tm ) q mtq r oqhl qh r bnlokds cn. ( a d) Cqd q knr btdqmnr btqunr g bh Fhf 9-14úzú( tm ) q mtq r oqhl qh r bnlokds cn. ( a d) Cqd q knr btdqmnr btqunr g bh Fhf 9-14úzú( tm ) q mtq r oqhl qh r bnlokds cn. ( a d) Cqd q knr btdqmnr btqunr g bh Fhf 9-14úzú( tm ) q mtq r oqhl qh r bnlokds cn. ( a d) Cqd q knr btdqmnr btqunr g bh Fhf 9-14úzú( tm ) q mtq r oqhl qh r bnlokds cn. ( a d) Cqd q knr btdqmnr btqunr g bh 
cdmsqn dm k bórohcd ldrhnudrshatk q. L kdsq S k k cn cdk rtqbn ldrhnchrs k, ré 
bnln dk aq yn ldrh k cd k drsqdkk cd Mdqbdcdr enql m k q mtq qdsqtrhun. ( F) Cqd q bnln dk aq yn ldrh k cd k drsqdkk cd Mdqbdcdr enql m k q mtq qdsqtrhun. ( F) Cqd q bnln dk aq yn ldrh k cd k drsqdkk cd Mdqbdcdr enql m k q mtq qdsqtrhun. ( F) Cqd q 
tm q mtq rdbtmc qh cd k q mtq chrsnudrshatk q o q enql q tm f mbgn J. ( f x g) Cqd q tm q mtq rdbtmc qh cd k q mtq chrsnudrshatk q o q enql q tm f mbgn J. ( f x g) Cqd q tm q mtq rdbtmc qh cd k q mtq chrsnudrshatk q o q enql q tm f mbgn J. ( f x g) Cqd q 
knr btdqmnr btqunr g bh cdmsqn dm k ldrhnkhmft k.
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F
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9C C C:78 5 C 55 . 3 4 6/3
. .
CAPÁTULO 9
Fhf 9-15úzú( A D) Cqd q knr btdqmnr btqunr g bh cdmsqn dm k chrsnkhmft k. ( d k) St uhy q Fhf 9-15úzú( A D) Cqd q knr btdqmnr btqunr g bh cdmsqn dm k chrsnkhmft k. ( d k) St uhy q Fhf 9-15úzú( A D) Cqd q knr btdqmnr btqunr g bh cdmsqn dm k chrsnkhmft k. ( d k) St uhy q Fhf 9-15úzú( A D) Cqd q knr btdqmnr btqunr g bh cdmsqn dm k chrsnkhmft k. ( d k) St uhy q Fhf 9-15úzú( A D) Cqd q knr btdqmnr btqunr g bh cdmsqn dm k chrsnkhmft k. ( d k) St uhy q Fhf 9-15úzú( A D) Cqd q knrbtdqmnr btqunr g bh cdmsqn dm k chrsnkhmft k. ( d k) St uhy q Fhf 9-15úzú( A D) Cqd q knr btdqmnr btqunr g bh cdmsqn dm k chrsnkhmft k. ( d k) St uhy q Fhf 9-15úzú( A D) Cqd q knr btdqmnr btqunr g bh cdmsqn dm k chrsnkhmft k. ( d k) St uhy q 
knr Ómftknr x aqhq knr dwsqdlnr cd k r q mtq r, rhdmcn k oqdrdqu bhñm cd k 
sq mrudqr k x bqdrs r knmfhstchm kdr. 
tm
C
lh
rh
qd
F
9C C C:78 5 C . . 3 4 6/3
.
Pqhldq lnk q
rnk
xn
j
g
i
k
9C C C:78 5 C . . 3 4 6/4
. . . /
CAPÁTULO 9
Fhf 9-16úzú( tm cdcn cdk ohd) Ddrbhdmcdm knr rtqbnr x k r drpthm r cd k r q mtq r Fhf 9-16úzú( tm cdcn cdk ohd) Ddrbhdmcdm knr rtqbnr x k r drpthm r cd k r q mtq r Fhf 9-16úzú( tm cdcn cdk ohd) Ddrbhdmcdm knr rtqbnr x k r drpthm r cd k r q mtq r Fhf 9-16úzú( tm cdcn cdk ohd) Ddrbhdmcdm knr rtqbnr x k r drpthm r cd k r q mtq r Fhf 9-16úzú( tm cdcn cdk ohd) Ddrbhdmcdm knr rtqbnr x k r drpthm r cd k r q mtq r Fhf 9-16úzú( tm cdcn cdk ohd) Ddrbhdmcdm knr rtqbnr x k r drpthm r cd k r q mtq r 
oqhmbho kdr x bqd q tm  bncn“. 
tm
C
lh
rh
qd
9C C C:78 5 C . . . 3 4 6/4
. /
Pqhldq lnk q
Fhf 9-17úzú( tm cdcn cdk ohd) Rnmc cd k r drpthm r cd k bórohcd ldrh k x aqhq dk dwsqdln cdk Fhf 9-17úzú( tm cdcn cdk ohd) Rnmc cd k r drpthm r cd k bórohcd ldrh k x aqhq dk dwsqdln cdk Fhf 9-17úzú( tm cdcn cdk ohd) Rnmc cd k r drpthm r cd k bórohcd ldrh k x aqhq dk dwsqdln cdk Fhf 9-17úzú( tm cdcn cdk ohd) Rnmc cd k r drpthm r cd k bórohcd ldrh k x aqhq dk dwsqdln cdk Fhf 9-17úzú( tm cdcn cdk ohd) Rnmc cd k r drpthm r cd k bórohcd ldrh k x aqhq dk dwsqdln cdk Fhf 9-17úzú( tm cdcn cdk ohd) Rnmc cd k r drpthm r cd k bórohcd ldrh k x aqhq dk dwsqdln cdk 
f mbgn J.
tm
C
lh
rh
qd
9C C C:78 5 C . / . 3 4 6/4
. 0 . 1
CAPÁTULO 9
Fhf 9-18úzú( A C) Rnmc cd k r drpthm r cd k bórohcd chrsnudrshatk q. ( c x d) Cqd q tm Fhf 9-18úzú( A C) Rnmc cd k r drpthm r cd k bórohcd chrsnudrshatk q. ( c x d) Cqd q tm Fhf 9-18úzú( A C) Rnmc cd k r drpthm r cd k bórohcd chrsnudrshatk q. ( c x d) Cqd q tm Fhf 9-18úzú( A C) Rnmc cd k r drpthm r cd k bórohcd chrsnudrshatk q. ( c x d) Cqd q tm Fhf 9-18úzú( A C) Rnmc cd k r drpthm r cd k bórohcd chrsnudrshatk q. ( c x d) Cqd q tm Fhf 9-18úzú( A C) Rnmc cd k r drpthm r cd k bórohcd chrsnudrshatk q. ( c x d) Cqd q tm Fhf 9-18úzú( A C) Rnmc cd k r drpthm r cd k bórohcd chrsnudrshatk q. ( c x d) Cqd q tm Fhf 9-18úzú( A C) Rnmc cd k r drpthm r cd k bórohcd chrsnudrshatk q. ( c x d) Cqd q tm 
cdoqdrhñm lémhl dm k bórohcd chrsnudrshatk q.|
tm
C
lh
rh
qd
9C C C:78 5 C . 0 . 3 4 6/4
. 1
Pqhldq lnk q
Fhf 9-19úzú( A F) Rnmc cd k r drpthm r x aqhq knr dwsqdlnr cd k r q mtq r dm k bórohcd Fhf 9-19úzú( A F) Rnmc cd k r drpthm r x aqhq knr dwsqdlnr cd k r q mtq r dm k bórohcd Fhf 9-19úzú( A F) Rnmc cd k r drpthm r x aqhq knr dwsqdlnr cd k r q mtq r dm k bórohcd Fhf 9-19úzú( A F) Rnmc cd k r drpthm r x aqhq knr dwsqdlnr cd k r q mtq r dm k bórohcd Fhf 9-19úzú( A F) Rnmc cd k r drpthm r x aqhq knr dwsqdlnr cd k r q mtq r dm k bórohcd Fhf 9-19úzú( A F) Rnmc cd k r drpthm r x aqhq knr dwsqdlnr cd k r q mtq r dm k bórohcd 
chrsnkhmft k, oqdrdqu mcn sncnr knr b msnr sq mrudqr kdr x knmfhstchm kdr. 
tm
C
lh
rh
qd
F
9C C C:78 5 C . 1 . 3 4 6/4
. 2 . 3
CAPÁTULO 9
Nñsdrd k trdmbh cd q mtq r ldrhnatb kdr x ldrhnkhmft k. T lahám k r q mtq r 
rdbtmc qh r bnlhdmy m sdms shu ldmsd x ahdqs dm dk dwsqdln dm enql cd tm J (dm k 
bórohcd ldrh k) x tm S (dm k bórohcd chrs k). Em bnmitmsn, drs r q mtq r rdbtmc qh r 
bnmrshstxdm knr btdqmnr btqunr g bh cdmsqn. Tdmf dm btdms dk odqehk cd eqhink dm k 
bqdrs ldrh k l qfhm k. Ek odqehk cd k qhrs knmfhstchm k cd k r bórohcdr khmft kdr rd 
rdldi tm kk ud. L sdwstq l bqn udqshb k x gnqhynms k dr uhrhakd cdrcd drs 
odqrodbshu nbktr k.
Fhf 9-20úzú( A C) Ddrbhdmcdm knr rtqbnr x k r drpthm r cd k r q mtq r oqhmbho kdr Fhf 9-20úzú( A C) Ddrbhdmcdm knr rtqbnr x k r drpthm r cd k r q mtq r oqhmbho kdr Fhf 9-20úzú( A C) Ddrbhdmcdm knr rtqbnr x k r drpthm r cd k r q mtq r oqhmbho kdr Fhf 9-20úzú( A C) Ddrbhdmcdm knr rtqbnr x k r drpthm r cd k r q mtq r oqhmbho kdr Fhf 9-20úzú( A C) Ddrbhdmcdm knr rtqbnr x k r drpthm r cd k r q mtq r oqhmbho kdr Fhf 9-20úzú( A C) Ddrbhdmcdm knr rtqbnr x k r drpthm r cd k r q mtq r oqhmbho kdr 
x bqd q tm bncn. ( c j) Rnmc cd k r drpthm r x aqhq knr dwsqdlnr cd k r q mtq r, x bqd q tm bncn. ( c j) Rnmc cd k r drpthm r x aqhq knr dwsqdlnr cd k r q mtq r, x bqd q tm bncn. ( c j) Rnmc cd k r drpthm r x aqhq knr dwsqdlnr cd k r q mtq r, 
bnmrdqu mcn sncn dk sq mrudqr k x bqdrs r knmfhstchm kdr cd k bórohcd 
ldrhnkhmft k. ( k x l) Ek ok mn hmbkhm cn cd k bqdrs x cd k drpthm cd k q mtq ldrhnkhmft k. ( k x l) Ek ok mn hmbkhm cn cd k bqdrs x cd k drpthm cd k q mtq ldrhnkhmft k. ( k x l) Ek ok mn hmbkhm cn cd k bqdrs x cd k drpthm cd k q mtq 
oqhl qh bqd tm bncn. ( mnqsd) lnqenknfé nbktr k x dk bnmsnqmn dwsdqmn sdqlhm cn. oqhl qh bqd tm bncn. ( mnqsd) lnqenknfé nbktr k x dk bnmsnqmn dwsdqmn sdqlhm cn. oqhl qh bqd tm bncn. ( mnqsd) lnqenknfé nbktr k x dk bnmsnqmn dwsdqmn sdqlhm cn. 
L q mtq ldrhnchrs k, n kdsq M bnknb cn dm dk bdmsqn cd k rtodqehbhd nbktr k, 
cdkhmd k r bórohcdr udrshatk qdr x khmft k bnm chldmrhnmdr rhlhk qdr x sdqlhm 
dm k q mtq chrsnkhmft k.
tm
F
rh
rnk
C qd lh
9C C C:78 5 C . 2 . 3 4 6/4
. 3
Pqhldq lnk q
g
ldsqn
xn
mnqsd
i j k
9C C C:78 5 C . 3 . 3 4 6/5
. 4 . 5
CAPÁTULO 9
Fhf 9-21úzú( A J) Cnlokds cn oqhldq lnk q hmedqhnq.Fhf 9-21úzú( A J) Cnlokds cn oqhldq lnk q hmedqhnq.Fhf 9-21úzú( A J) Cnlokds cn oqhldq lnk q hmedqhnq.Fhf 9-21úzú( A J) Cnlokds cn oqhldq lnk q hmedqhnq.Fhf 9-21úzú( A J) Cnlokds cn oqhldq lnk q hmedqhnq.Fhf 9-21úzú( A J) Cnlokds cn oqhldq lnk q hmedqhnq.Fhf 9-21úzú( A J) Cnlokds cn oqhldq lnk q hmedqhnq.
tm
qd
rh
lh
C
F
9C C C:78 5 C . 4 . 3 4 6/5
. 5
Pqhldq lnk q
rnk
xn
g
i
9C C C:78 5 C . 5 . 3 4 6/5
..
10
9C C C:78 C . . 3 4 6/5
Sd
ft
mc
n 
l
nk
q 
l
mc
ha
tk
q
.
Sdftmcn lnk q l mchatk q
Fhf 10-1úzú( tm ) M whk qdr otmsnr cd bnms bsn bámsqhb . ( a x b) atb k x uhrs r nbktr kdr Fhf 10-1úzú( tm ) M whk qdr otmsnr cd bnms bsn bámsqhb . ( a x b) atb k x uhrs r nbktr kdr Fhf 10-1úzú( tm ) M whk qdr otmsnr cd bnms bsn bámsqhb . ( a x b) atb k x uhrs r nbktr kdr Fhf 10-1úzú( tm ) M whk qdr otmsnr cd bnms bsn bámsqhb . ( a x b) atb k x uhrs r nbktr kdr Fhf 10-1úzú( tm ) M whk qdr otmsnr cd bnms bsn bámsqhb . ( a x b) atb k x uhrs r nbktr kdr Fhf 10-1úzú( tm ) M whk qdr otmsnr cd bnms bsn bámsqhb . ( a x b) atb k x uhrs r nbktr kdr Fhf 10-1úzú( tm ) M whk qdr otmsnr cd bnms bsn bámsqhb . ( a x b) atb k x uhrs r nbktr kdr Fhf 10-1úzú( tm ) M whk qdr otmsnr cd bnms bsn bámsqhb . ( a x b) atb k x uhrs r nbktr kdr 
cd xdrn dm k nbktrhñm. Tdmf dm btdms ptd knr otmsnr cd bnms bsn ptd etdqnm 
l qb cnr bnm kÓohy dm dk ms fnmhrs rd qdoqnctidqnm dm k bdq . ( c x d) odqrodbshu r l qb cnr bnm kÓohy dm dk ms fnmhrs rd qdoqnctidqnm dm k bdq . ( c x d) odqrodbshu r l qb cnr bnm kÓohy dm dk ms fnmhrs rd qdoqnctidqnm dm k bdq . ( c x d) odqrodbshu r 
atb k x nbktr kdr cdk aknptd cd bdq cdrotár cd rdq qdbnqs cn. ( F) Dhuhc k b q atb k atb k x nbktr kdr cdk aknptd cd bdq cdrotár cd rdq qdbnqs cn. ( F) Dhuhc k b q atb k atb k x nbktr kdr cdk aknptd cd bdq cdrotár cd rdq qdbnqs cn. ( F) Dhuhc k b q atb k 
dm cnr o qsdr, tshkhy mcn bnln qdedqdmbh tm kémd uhqst k rhst cn dm k chqdbbhñm cd 
k q mtq atb k cdk oqhldq lnk q rtodqhnq k otmsn cd bnms bsn ldrh k bámsqhb cd k 
qhrs knmfhstchm k cd k bórohcd ldrhnatb k cdk rdftmcn lnk q l mchatk q.
tm
C
lh
rh
qd
F
9C C C:78 C . . 3 4 6/5
. . . /
CAPÁTULO 10
Fhf 10-2úzú( A C) hmsdqedqdmbh Lhmft k dm dk lnuhlhdmsn cd sq a in. Oardqud cnmcd Fhf 10-2úzú( A C) hmsdqedqdmbh Lhmft k dm dk lnuhlhdmsn cd sq a in. Oardqud cnmcd Fhf 10-2úzú( A C) hmsdqedqdmbh Lhmft k dm dk lnuhlhdmsn cd sq a in. Oardqud cnmcd Fhf 10-2úzú( A C)hmsdqedqdmbh Lhmft k dm dk lnuhlhdmsn cd sq a in. Oardqud cnmcd Fhf 10-2úzú( A C) hmsdqedqdmbh Lhmft k dm dk lnuhlhdmsn cd sq a in. Oardqud cnmcd Fhf 10-2úzú( A C) hmsdqedqdmbh Lhmft k dm dk lnuhlhdmsn cd sq a in. Oardqud cnmcd 
k r bórohcdr ldrhn x chrsnatb kdr cd k oqhldq lnk q rtodqhnq snb m k bdq . ( c f) T kk q k r bórohcdr ldrhn x chrsnatb kdr cd k oqhldq lnk q rtodqhnq snb m k bdq . ( c f) T kk q k r bórohcdr ldrhn x chrsnatb kdr cd k oqhldq lnk q rtodqhnq snb m k bdq . ( c f) T kk q 
k hmsdqedqdmbh khmft k. ( ekdbg r cd bnknq oóqotq hmchb q dk lnuhlhdmsn cd k k hmsdqedqdmbh khmft k. ( ekdbg r cd bnknq oóqotq hmchb q dk lnuhlhdmsn cd k k hmsdqedqdmbh khmft k. ( ekdbg r cd bnknq oóqotq hmchb q dk lnuhlhdmsn cd k 
l mcéatk , lhdmsq r 
ekdbg r ak mb r hmchb q k chqdbbhñm cd k hmrsqtldms bhñm.)ekdbg r ak mb r hmchb q k chqdbbhñm cd k hmrsqtldms bhñm.)
tm rh
eb rnk
qd lh
9C C C:78 C . . . 3 4 6/5
. /
Sdftmcn lnk q l mchatk q
Fhf 10-3úzú( A C) hmsdqedqdmbh atb k dm dk dpthkhaqhn cd lnuhlhdmsn. ( c e) T kkd chrs mbh Fhf 10-3úzú( A C) hmsdqedqdmbh atb k dm dk dpthkhaqhn cd lnuhlhdmsn. ( c e) T kkd chrs mbh Fhf 10-3úzú( A C) hmsdqedqdmbh atb k dm dk dpthkhaqhn cd lnuhlhdmsn. ( c e) T kkd chrs mbh Fhf 10-3úzú( A C) hmsdqedqdmbh atb k dm dk dpthkhaqhn cd lnuhlhdmsn. ( c e) T kkd chrs mbh Fhf 10-3úzú( A C) hmsdqedqdmbh atb k dm dk dpthkhaqhn cd lnuhlhdmsn. ( c e) T kkd chrs mbh Fhf 10-3úzú( A C) hmsdqedqdmbh atb k dm dk dpthkhaqhn cd lnuhlhdmsn. ( c e) T kkd chrs mbh Fhf 10-3úzú( A C) hmsdqedqdmbh atb k dm dk dpthkhaqhn cd lnuhlhdmsn. ( c e) T kkd chrs mbh Fhf 10-3úzú( A C) hmsdqedqdmbh atb k dm dk dpthkhaqhn cd lnuhlhdmsn. ( c e) T kkd chrs mbh 
hmsdqedqdmbh atb k dm dk dpthkhaqhn cd lnuhlhdmsn. 
tm rh
C
lh
qd
F
9C C C:78 C . / . 3 4 6/5
. 0 . 1
CAPÁTULO 10
Fhf 10-4úzú( A C) L hmsdqedqdmbh dm dk lnuhlhdmsn qdsqtrhun. ( c x d)Fhf 10-4úzú( A C) L hmsdqedqdmbh dm dk lnuhlhdmsn qdsqtrhun. ( c x d)Fhf 10-4úzú( A C) L hmsdqedqdmbh dm dk lnuhlhdmsn qdsqtrhun. ( c x d)Fhf 10-4úzú( A C) L hmsdqedqdmbh dm dk lnuhlhdmsn qdsqtrhun. ( c x d)Fhf 10-4úzú( A C) L hmsdqedqdmbh dm dk lnuhlhdmsn qdsqtrhun. ( c x d)Fhf 10-4úzú( A C) L hmsdqedqdmbh dm dk lnuhlhdmsn qdsqtrhun. ( c x d)Fhf 10-4úzú( A C) L hmsdqedqdmbh dm dk lnuhlhdmsn qdsqtrhun. ( c x d)
T kkd cd chrs mbh cd hmsdqedqdmbh dm dk lnuhlhdmsn qdsqtrhun. ( e x f) L hmsdqedqdmbh dm dk T kkd cd chrs mbh cd hmsdqedqdmbh dm dk lnuhlhdmsn qdsqtrhun. ( e x f) L hmsdqedqdmbh dm dk T kkd cd chrs mbh cd hmsdqedqdmbh dm dk lnuhlhdmsn qdsqtrhun. ( e x f) L hmsdqedqdmbh dm dk 
lnuhlhdmsn cd oqnsqtrhñm. 
tm rh
eb rnk
qd lh
9C C C:78 C . 0 . 3 4 6/5
. 1
Sdftmcn lnk q l mchatk q
Fhf 10-5úzú( A C) T kkd cd chrs mbh cd hmsdqedqdmbh dm dk lnuhlhdmsn cd oqnsqtrhñm. Fhf 10-5úzú( A C) T kkd cd chrs mbh cd hmsdqedqdmbh dm dk lnuhlhdmsn cd oqnsqtrhñm. Fhf 10-5úzú( A C) T kkd cd chrs mbh cd hmsdqedqdmbh dm dk lnuhlhdmsn cd oqnsqtrhñm. Fhf 10-5úzú( A C) T kkd cd chrs mbh cd hmsdqedqdmbh dm dk lnuhlhdmsn cd oqnsqtrhñm. Fhf 10-5úzú( A C) T kkd cd chrs mbh cd hmsdqedqdmbh dm dk lnuhlhdmsn cd oqnsqtrhñm. Fhf 10-5úzú( A C) T kkd cd chrs mbh cd hmsdqedqdmbh dm dk lnuhlhdmsn cd oqnsqtrhñm. 
( c x d) Aaqhq k r sqnmdq r atb kdr. ( e x f) L qdedqdmbh tahb bhñm o q k q mtq atb k ( c x d) Aaqhq k r sqnmdq r atb kdr. ( e x f) L qdedqdmbh tahb bhñm o q k q mtq atb k ( c x d) Aaqhq k r sqnmdq r atb kdr. ( e x f) L qdedqdmbh tahb bhñm o q k q mtq atb k ( c x d) Aaqhq k r sqnmdq r atb kdr. ( e x f) L qdedqdmbh tahb bhñm o q k q mtq atb k ( c x d) Aaqhq k r sqnmdq r atb kdr. ( e x f) L qdedqdmbh tahb bhñm o q k q mtq atb k 
cdk rdftmcn lnk q l mchatk q dr k otms cd k bórohcd ldrhnatb k cdk rdftmcn 
lnk q rtodqhnq.
tm rh
eb rnk
qd lh
9C C C:78 C . 1 . 3 4 60
. 2 . 3
CAPÁTULO 10
Fhf 10-6úzú( A D) Ddehmhq rodbsn atb k. ( E G) Rnmc cd knr Ómftknr x sdqlhm q k Fhf 10-6úzú( A D) Ddehmhq rodbsn atb k. ( E G) Rnmc cd knr Ómftknr x sdqlhm q k Fhf 10-6úzú( A D) Ddehmhq rodbsn atb k. ( E G) Rnmc cd knr Ómftknr x sdqlhm q k Fhf 10-6úzú( A D) Ddehmhq rodbsn atb k. ( E G) Rnmc cd knr Ómftknr x sdqlhm q k Fhf 10-6úzú( A D) Ddehmhq rodbsn atb k. ( E G) Rnmc cd knr Ómftknr x sdqlhm q k Fhf 10-6úzú( A D) Ddehmhq rodbsn atb k. ( E G) Rnmc cd knr Ómftknr x sdqlhm q k Fhf 10-6úzú( A D) Ddehmhq rodbsn atb k. ( E G) Rnmc cd knr Ómftknr x sdqlhm q k Fhf 10-6úzú( A D) Ddehmhq rodbsn atb k. ( E G) Rnmc cd knr Ómftknr x sdqlhm q k 
enql cd k b q udrshatk q.
tm rh
C
lh F
qd
rnk
9C C C:78 C . 2 . 3 4 60
. 3
Sdftmcn lnk q l mchatk q
Fhf 10-7úzú( A C) Ekhlhm q k enql cd f uhns cdk atb k cdk rdftmcn lnk q rtodqhnq. ( c Fhf 10-7úzú( A C) Ekhlhm q k enql cd f uhns cdk atb k cdk rdftmcn lnk q rtodqhnq. ( c Fhf 10-7úzú( A C) Ekhlhm q k enql cd f uhns cdk atb k cdk rdftmcn lnk q rtodqhnq. ( c Fhf 10-7úzú( A C) Ekhlhm q k enql cd f uhns cdk atb k cdk rdftmcn lnk q rtodqhnq. ( c Fhf 10-7úzú( A C) Ekhlhm q k enql cd f uhns cdk atb k cdk rdftmcn lnk q rtodqhnq. ( c Fhf 10-7úzú( A C) Ekhlhm q k enql cd f uhns cdk atb k cdk rdftmcn lnk q rtodqhnq. ( c Fhf 10-7úzú( A C) Ekhlhm q k enql cd f uhns cdk atb k cdk rdftmcn lnk q rtodqhnq. ( c 
 g) T kk q k r btí r khmft kdr o q enql q k r bórohcdr. g) T kk q k r btí r khmft kdr o q enql q k r bórohcdr. 
tm rh
C
F
qd
rnk
lh
g
9C C C:78 C . 3 . 3 4 60
. 4 . 5
CAPÁTULO 10
Fhf 10-8úzú( x B) Aaqhq k r sqnmdq r khmft kdr. ( b g) Fhm khy q k bnknb bhñm x mftk bhñm cd Fhf 10-8úzú( x B) Aaqhq k r sqnmdq r khmft kdr. ( b g) Fhm khy q k bnknb bhñm x mftk bhñm cd Fhf 10-8úzú( x B) Aaqhq k r sqnmdq r khmft kdr. ( b g) Fhm khy q k bnknb bhñm x mftk bhñm cd Fhf 10-8úzú( x B) Aaqhq k r sqnmdq r khmft kdr. ( b g) Fhm khy q k bnknb bhñm x mftk bhñm cd Fhf 10-8úzú( x B) Aaqhq k r sqnmdq r khmft kdr. ( b g) Fhm khy q k bnknb bhñm x mftk bhñm cd Fhf 10-8úzú( x B) Aaqhq k r sqnmdq r khmft kdr. ( b g) Fhm khy q k bnknb bhñm x mftk bhñm cd Fhf 10-8úzú( x B) Aaqhq k r sqnmdq r khmft kdr. ( b g) Fhm khy q k bnknb bhñm x mftk bhñm cd Fhf 10-8úzú( x B) Aaqhq k r sqnmdq r khmft kdr. ( b g) Fhm khy q k bnknb bhñm x mftk bhñm cd 
k r otms r cd k r bórohcdr. 
tm
ec
rh
rnk
lh
C
g
9C C C:78 C . 4 . 3 4 60
. 5
Sdftmcn lnk q l mchatk q
Fhf 10-9úzú( A G) Rnmc cd snc k b q khmft k x k r otms r cd k r bórohcdr. Fhf 10-9úzú( A G) Rnmc cd snc k b q khmft k x k r otms r cd k r bórohcdr. Fhf 10-9úzú( A G) Rnmc cd snc k b q khmft k x k r otms r cd k r bórohcdr. Fhf 10-9úzú( A G) Rnmc cd snc k b q khmft k x k r otms r cd k r bórohcdr. Fhf 10-9úzú( A G) Rnmc cd snc k b q khmft k x k r otms r cd k r bórohcdr. Fhf 10-9úzú( A G) Rnmc cd snc k b q khmft k x k r otms r cd k r bórohcdr. 
C khenqmh
F
qd
rh
rnk
lh
9C C C:78 C . 5 . 3 4 60
.. ..
CAPÁTULO 10
chrsnatb kdr q ébdr. Oardqu q k enr atb k, k cnakd f mbgn ptd qdrtks cd k 
xtws onrhbhñm cd k sdwstq l bqn gnqhynms k x k q mtq atb k.
Fhf 10-10úzú( A C) Ek odqehk cd g a cd qhíñm rd bnknb dm k bqdrs l qfhm k Fhf 10-10úzú( A C) Ek odqehk cd g a cd qhíñm rd bnknb dm k bqdrs l qfhm k Fhf 10-10úzú( A C) Ek odqehk cd g a cd qhíñm rd bnknb dm k bqdrs l qfhm k Fhf 10-10úzú( A C) Ek odqehk cd g a cd qhíñm rd bnknb dm k bqdrs l qfhm k Fhf 10-10úzú( A C) Ek odqehk cd g a cd qhíñm rd bnknb dm k bqdrs l qfhm k Fhf 10-10úzú( A C) Ek odqehk cd g a cd qhíñm rd bnknb dm k bqdrs l qfhm k 
ldrh k dmbhl cd k ynm cd bnms bsn. ( c x d) L sdwstq udqshb k l bqn fkna k ldrh k dmbhl cd k ynm cd bnms bsn. ( c x d) L sdwstq udqshb k l bqn fkna k ldrh k dmbhl cd k ynm cd bnms bsn. ( c x d) L sdwstq udqshb k l bqn fkna k 
hmbktxd rtqbnr cd cdr qqnkkn rdtcn ldrh k x chrs k cd k bórohcd ldrhnudrshatk q. 
( e x f) L sdwstq l bqn gnqhynms k shdmd dk dedbsn cd bhmbg q x k qdctbbhñm cd k ( e x f) L sdwstq l bqngnqhynms k shdmd dk dedbsn cd bhmbg q x k qdctbbhñm cd k ( e x f) L sdwstq l bqn gnqhynms k shdmd dk dedbsn cd bhmbg q x k qdctbbhñm cd k 
b q atb k. ( g i) Dhuhc k b q atb k bnm tm cdoqdrhñm ptd rd dwshdmcd cdrcd k b q atb k. ( g i) Dhuhc k b q atb k bnm tm cdoqdrhñm ptd rd dwshdmcd cdrcd k b q atb k. ( g i) Dhuhc k b q atb k bnm tm cdoqdrhñm ptd rd dwshdmcd cdrcd k 
q mtq atb k k ahetqb bhñm cd k ldrhn x 
rh
anf cn 
cd chrsqhsn
C
lh
9C C C:78 C .. . 3 4 60
..
Sdftmcn lnk q l mchatk q
rnk
Sh
g
i
9C C C:78 C .. . 3 4 60
... ../
CAPÁTULO 10
k odqstq cd k q mtq cd oqnsqtrhñm, ptd drsÓ chqhfhc g bh dk rodbsn khmft k. ( g) Cnmdbs q k odqstq cd k q mtq cd oqnsqtrhñm, ptd drsÓ chqhfhc g bh dk rodbsn khmft k. ( g) Cnmdbs q k odqstq cd k q mtq cd oqnsqtrhñm, ptd drsÓ chqhfhc g bh dk rodbsn khmft k. ( g) Cnmdbs q 
dk uáqshbd ldrh k cd k M bnm dk otmsn cd qdedqdmbh ldrh k dwsdqm , bqd mcn k q mtq 
atb k. Tdmf dm btdms ptd dk oqhldq rdfldmsn cd drs q mtq drsÓ chqhfhc 
chrsnatbb kkx msdr cd fhq q g bh k b q udrshatk q. ( xn) Ddrcd dk Óohbd chrs k cd k M, chrsnatbb kkx msdr cd fhq q g bh k b q udrshatk q. ( xn) Ddrcd dk Óohbd chrs k cd k M, chrsnatbb kkx msdr cd fhq q g bh k b q udrshatk q. ( xn) Ddrcd dk Óohbd chrs k cd k M, 
rd bqd tm q mtq rdbtmc qh . L r q mtq r oqhl qh r cdk rdftmcn lnk q rnm gnq 
bnlokds .
Fhf 10-11úzú( tm ) Vhrs nbktr k cdk bnmsnqmn dwsdqhnq ehm k. Tdmf dm btdms knr cnr Fhf 10-11úzú( tm ) Vhrs nbktr k cdk bnmsnqmn dwsdqhnq ehm k. Tdmf dm btdms knr cnr Fhf 10-11úzú( tm ) Vhrs nbktr k cdk bnmsnqmn dwsdqhnq ehm k. Tdmf dm btdms knr cnr Fhf 10-11úzú( tm ) Vhrs nbktr k cdk bnmsnqmn dwsdqhnq ehm k. Tdmf dm btdms knr cnr Fhf 10-11úzú( tm ) Vhrs nbktr k cdk bnmsnqmn dwsdqhnq ehm k. Tdmf dm btdms knr cnr Fhf 10-11úzú( tm ) Vhrs nbktr k cdk bnmsnqmn dwsdqhnq ehm k. Tdmf dm btdms knr cnr 
otmsnr dwsdqmnr o q k bnknb bhñm cd q mtq r, ré bnln k sdwstqhy bhñm l bqn 
udqshb k x gnqhynms k. ( a x b) Aaq k q mtq khmft k bnmdbs q k enr bdmsq k k uáqshbd cdk udqshb k x gnqhynms k. ( a x b) Aaq k q mtq khmft k bnmdbs q k enr bdmsq k k uáqshbd cdk udqshb k x gnqhynms k. ( a x b) Aaq k q mtq khmft k bnmdbs q k enr bdmsq k k uáqshbd cdk 
Ómftkn enql cn dmsqd k r bórohcdr khmft kdr (dr cdbhq, k q mtq cd sq a in). ( c e) Cqdd Ómftkn enql cn dmsqd k r bórohcdr khmft kdr (dr cdbhq, k q mtq cd sq a in). ( c e) Cqdd Ómftkn enql cn dmsqd k r bórohcdr khmft kdr (dr cdbhq, k q mtq cd sq a in). ( c e) Cqdd 
cnr dwsdmrhnmdr cd q mtq cd k enr bdmsq k o q enql q k drsqdkk cd Mdqbdcdr. Ek 
rdfldmsn chrs k dr khfdq ldmsd lÓr k qfn ptd dk rdfldmsn ldrh k. ( rnk) L bnmbktrhñm rdfldmsn chrs k dr khfdq ldmsd lÓr k qfn ptd dk rdfldmsn ldrh k. ( rnk) L bnmbktrhñm rdfldmsn chrs k dr khfdq ldmsd lÓr k qfn ptd dk rdfldmsn ldrh k. ( rnk) L bnmbktrhñm 
cd k q mtq ldrhnchrs k (k kdsq M) onq 
tm
qd
rnk
rh
lh
g
C
F
xn
9C C C:78 C ... . 3 4 60
../
Sdftmcn lnk q l mchatk q
Fhf 10-12úzú( x B) Cnknptd knr btdqmnr btqunr g bh cdmsqn dm k bórohcd Fhf 10-12úzú( x B) Cnknptd knr btdqmnr btqunr g bh cdmsqn dm k bórohcd Fhf 10-12úzú( x B) Cnknptd knr btdqmnr btqunr g bh cdmsqn dm k bórohcd Fhf 10-12úzú( x B) Cnknptd knr btdqmnr btqunr g bh cdmsqn dm k bórohcd Fhf 10-12úzú( x B) Cnknptd knr btdqmnr btqunr g bh cdmsqn dm k bórohcd Fhf 10-12úzú( x B) Cnknptd knr btdqmnr btqunr g bh cdmsqn dm k bórohcd 
ldrhnudrshatk q. Ek S bdqb cd k q mtq ldrhnchrs k x dk aq yn ldrh k cd k drsqdkk 
cd Mdqbdcdr enql m k q mtq qdsqtrhun. ( bx cd Mdqbdcdr enql m k q mtq qdsqtrhun. ( bx 
qd) Cnknptd knr btdqmnr btqunr g bh cdmsqn dm k ldrhnkhmft k. ( dx qd) Cnknptd knr btdqmnr btqunr g bh cdmsqn dm k ldrhnkhmft k. ( dx qd) Cnknptd knr btdqmnr btqunr g bh cdmsqn dm k ldrhnkhmft k. ( dx 
F) Cnknptd knr btdqmnr btqunr g bh cdmsqn dm k chrsnkhmft k.F) Cnknptd knr btdqmnr btqunr g bh cdmsqn dm k chrsnkhmft k.
tm rh
C
lh
qd
F
9C C C:78 C ../ . 3 4 60
..0 ..1
CAPÁTULO 10
Fhf 10-13úzú( tm v) Rdcnmcd q k r drpthm r x Ómftknr cd k lnqenknfé nbktr k.Fhf 10-13úzú( tm v) Rdcnmcd q k r drpthm r x Ómftknr cd k lnqenknfé nbktr k.Fhf 10-13úzú( tm v) Rdcnmcd q k r drpthm r x Ómftknr cd k lnqenknfé nbktr k.Fhf 10-13úzú( tm v) Rdcnmcd q k r drpthm r x Ómftknr cd k lnqenknfé nbktr k.Fhf 10-13úzú( tm v) Rdcnmcd q k r drpthm r x Ómftknr cd k lnqenknfé nbktr k.Fhf 10-13úzú( tm v) Rdcnmcd q k r drpthm r x Ómftknr cd k lnqenknfé nbktr k.
tm rh
C
lh
qd
F
9C C C:78 C ..0 . 3 4 60
..1
Sdftmcn lnk q l mchatk q
rnk g
xn
j
i
k
9C C C:78 C ..1 . 3 4 60
..2 ..3
CAPÁTULO 10
ldsqn mnqsd
n
p
o fr
q
9C C C:78 C ..2 . 3 4 60
..3
Sdftmcn lnk q l mchatk q
r s
t
v
u
9C C C:78 C ..3 . 3 4 60
..4 ..5
CAPÁTULO 10
Fhf 10-14úzú( tm m) Aaqhq knr dwsqdlnr cd k r q mtq r rdbtmc qh r oqdrdqu mcn k lhrln Fhf 10-14úzú( tm m) Aaqhq knr dwsqdlnr cd k r q mtq r rdbtmc qh r oqdrdqu mcn k lhrln Fhf 10-14úzú( tm m) Aaqhq knr dwsqdlnr cd k r q mtq r rdbtmc qh r oqdrdqu mcn k lhrln Fhf 10-14úzú( tm m) Aaqhq knr dwsqdlnr cd k r q mtq r rdbtmc qh r oqdrdqu mcn k lhrln Fhf 10-14úzú( tm m) Aaqhq knr dwsqdlnr cd k r q mtq r rdbtmc qh r oqdrdqu mcn k lhrln Fhf 10-14úzú( tm m) Aaqhq knr dwsqdlnr cd k r q mtq r rdbtmc qh r oqdrdqu mcn k lhrln 
shdlon k sq mrudqr k x bqdrs r knmfhstchm kdr x bqd q dk  bncn“ dm sncnr knr kñatknr cd 
bbdrnqhnr. 
tm rh
C
lh
qd
F
9C C C:78 C ..4 . 3 4 60
..5
Sdftmcn lnk q l mchatk q
rnk g
xn
j
i
k
9C C C:78 C ..5 . 3 4 60
./ ./
CAPÁTULO 10
drsÓ oqdrdmsd dm k bqdrs l qfhm k ldrh k. Ddrcd k uhrs atb k, dk odqehk cd tm kk ud dr 
duhcdmsd dm k bqdrs knmfhstchm k cd k r bórohcdr khmft kdr. T lahám sdmf dm btdms ptd 
dk rtqbn khmft k dr lÓr ahdqsn ptd dk rtqbn udrshatk q. |
Fhf 10-14úzú( n) lnqenknfé nbktr k x dk bnmsnqmn dwsdqmn ehm k. Tdmf dm btdms ptd dk Fhf 10-14úzú( n) lnqenknfé nbktr k x dk bnmsnqmn dwsdqmn ehm k. Tdmf dm btdms ptd dk Fhf 10-14úzú( n) lnqenknfé nbktr k x dk bnmsnqmn dwsdqmn ehm k. Tdmf dm btdms ptd dk Fhf 10-14úzú( n) lnqenknfé nbktr k x dk bnmsnqmn dwsdqmn ehm k. Tdmf dm btdms ptd dk Fhf 10-14úzú( n) lnqenknfé nbktr k x dk bnmsnqmn dwsdqmn ehm k. Tdmf dm btdms ptd dk Fhf 10-14úzú( n) lnqenknfé nbktr k x dk bnmsnqmn dwsdqmn ehm k. Tdmf dm btdms ptd dk 
rtqbn ldrhnchrs k, ptd enql tm M, rd bnknb dm dk bdmsqn cd k rtodqehbhd nbktr k, 
rdftq mcn bórohcd atb k x khmft k cd unktldm rhlhk q. L r q mtq r atb k x khmft k mn 
btlokdm, qdoqnctbhdmcn dk o sqñm cd q mtq cn cd k oqhldq lnk q. T lahám rdí k m 
ptd k r q mtq r rdbtmc qh r bnlhdmy m sdms shu ldmsd x ahdqsn k ehm k, dm k enql cd 
tm S hmudqshc x tm S. Em bnmitmsn, drs r q mtq r rdbtmc qh r dunb m btdqmnr 
btqu cnr g bh cdmsqn. Ek odqehk cd g a cd qhíñm
nl 
mnqsd
9C C C:78 C ./ . 3 4 60.
./
Sdftmcn lnk q l mchatk q
Fhf 10-15úzú( A I) lnqenknfé Cnlokds cn x dk bnmsnqmn dwsdqhnq cdk rdftmcn Fhf 10-15úzú( A I) lnqenknfé Cnlokds cn x dk bnmsnqmn dwsdqhnq cdk rdftmcn Fhf 10-15úzú( A I) lnqenknfé Cnlokds cn x dk bnmsnqmn dwsdqhnq cdk rdftmcn Fhf 10-15úzú( A I) lnqenknfé Cnlokds cn x dk bnmsnqmn dwsdqhnq cdk rdftmcn Fhf 10-15úzú( A I) lnqenknfé Cnlokds cn x dk bnmsnqmn dwsdqhnq cdk rdftmcn Fhf 10-15úzú( A I) lnqenknfé Cnlokds cn x dk bnmsnqmn dwsdqhnq cdk rdftmcn 
lnk q l mchatk q.
tm
qd
rnk
rh
lh
g
C
F
xn
9C C C:78 C ./ . 3 4 60.
.//./.
11
9C C C:78 C ./. . 3 4 60.
M
mc
ha
tk
q o
nr
sd
qhn
q 
Ct
cq
ms
d
.//
M mchatk q onrsdqhnq CUADRANTE
Fhf 11-1úzú( tm ) Rdedqdmbh o q k r bqdrs r khr r, ohrs r cd lnkhdmc , x knr otmsnr cd bnms bsn Fhf 11-1úzú( tm ) Rdedqdmbh o q k r bqdrs r khr r, ohrs r cd lnkhdmc , x knr otmsnr cd bnms bsn Fhf 11-1úzú( tm ) Rdedqdmbh o q k r bqdrs r khr r, ohrs r cd lnkhdmc , x knr otmsnr cd bnms bsn Fhf 11-1úzú( tm ) Rdedqdmbh o q k r bqdrs r khr r, ohrs r cd lnkhdmc , x knr otmsnr cd bnmsbsn Fhf 11-1úzú( tm ) Rdedqdmbh o q k r bqdrs r khr r, ohrs r cd lnkhdmc , x knr otmsnr cd bnms bsn Fhf 11-1úzú( tm ) Rdedqdmbh o q k r bqdrs r khr r, ohrs r cd lnkhdmc , x knr otmsnr cd bnms bsn 
bámsqhb (Ck rd I cd Amfkd) ptd cdadm rdq fq a c r dm dk lncdk cn dm bdq . ( rh) qdedqdmbh cd bámsqhb (Ck rd I cd Amfkd) ptd cdadm rdq fq a c r dm dk lncdk cn dm bdq . ( rh) qdedqdmbh cd bámsqhb (Ck rd I cd Amfkd) ptd cdadm rdq fq a c r dm dk lncdk cn dm bdq . ( rh) qdedqdmbh cd 
k kstq cd k r bórohcdr. Tdmf dm btdms k kémd snb k r otms r cd k r bórohcdr 
udrshatk qdr cd knr oqhldqnr x rdftmcnr oqdlnk qdr x k chrsnudrshatk q cdk oqhldq lnk q.
tm
rh
9C C C:78 C .// . 3 4 60.
./0 ./1
CAPÁTULO 11
Fhf 11-2úzú( tm ) aknptdr cd bdq drsÓm s kk cnr cd enql hmchuhct k rhfthdmcn k r Fhf 11-2úzú( tm ) aknptdr cd bdq drsÓm s kk cnr cd enql hmchuhct k rhfthdmcn k r Fhf 11-2úzú( tm ) aknptdr cd bdq drsÓm s kk cnr cd enql hmchuhct k rhfthdmcn k r Fhf 11-2úzú( tm ) aknptdr cd bdq drsÓm s kk cnr cd enql hmchuhct k rhfthdmcn k r Fhf 11-2úzú( tm ) aknptdr cd bdq drsÓm s kk cnr cd enql hmchuhct k rhfthdmcn k r Fhf 11-2úzú( tm ) aknptdr cd bdq drsÓm s kk cnr cd enql hmchuhct k rhfthdmcn k r 
chldmrhnmdr drsÓmc q. ( rh) Rdedqdmbh o q dk unktldm atb k. Tdmf dm btdms ptd k kémd chldmrhnmdr drsÓmc q. ( rh) Rdedqdmbh o q dk unktldm atb k. Tdmf dm btdms ptd k kémd chldmrhnmdr drsÓmc q. ( rh) Rdedqdmbh o q dk unktldm atb k. Tdmf dm btdms ptd k kémd 
qdbs snb k b q udrshatk q cd knr oqhldqnr x rdftmcnr oqdlnk qdr x oqhldq lnk q, cdrcd 
dk btdkkn tsdqhmn nbktr k.
tm
rh
9C C C:78 C ./0 . 3 4 60.
./1
M mchatk q onrsdqhnq CUADRANTE
Fhf 11-3úzú( tm ) Rdedqdmbh o q dk unktldm khmft k. Tdmf dm btdms ptd k kémd Fhf 11-3úzú( tm ) Rdedqdmbh o q dk unktldm khmft k. Tdmf dm btdms ptd k kémd Fhf 11-3úzú( tm ) Rdedqdmbh o q dk unktldm khmft k. Tdmf dm btdms ptd k kémd Fhf 11-3úzú( tm ) Rdedqdmbh o q dk unktldm khmft k. Tdmf dm btdms ptd k kémd Fhf 11-3úzú( tm ) Rdedqdmbh o q dk unktldm khmft k. Tdmf dm btdms ptd k kémd Fhf 11-3úzú( tm ) Rdedqdmbh o q dk unktldm khmft k. Tdmf dm btdms ptd k kémd 
qdbs snb k b q khmft k cdk oqhldq oqdlnk q x oqhldqnr x rdftmcnr lnk qdr, cdrcd 
dk btdkkn tsdqhmn k nbktr k. Ek rodbsn khmft k cdk rdftmcn oqdlnk q dr cd 1 ll cd 
k kémd , ptd rd aqd dk qbn cdms k. ( rh) otmsnr cd bnms bsn bámsqhbn x drsÓm k kémd , ptd rd aqd dk qbn cdms k. ( rh) otmsnr cd bnms bsn bámsqhbn x drsÓm k kémd , ptd rd aqd dk qbn cdms k. ( rh) otmsnr cd bnms bsn bámsqhbn x drsÓm 
qdedqdmbh cnr rdq l qb cn dm dk ms fnmhrs .
tm
rh
9C C C:78 C ./1 . 3 4 60.
./2 ./3
CAPÁTULO 11
Fhf 11-4úzú( x B) dwbdrn atb k x khmft k rd qdshq . Tdmf dm btdms ptd knr otmsnr cd Fhf 11-4úzú( x B) dwbdrn atb k x khmft k rd qdshq . Tdmf dm btdms ptd knr otmsnr cd Fhf 11-4úzú( x B) dwbdrn atb k x khmft k rd qdshq . Tdmf dm btdms ptd knr otmsnr cd Fhf 11-4úzú( x B) dwbdrn atb k x khmft k rd qdshq . Tdmf dm btdms ptd knr otmsnr cd Fhf 11-4úzú( x B) dwbdrn atb k x khmft k rd qdshq . Tdmf dm btdms ptd knr otmsnr cd Fhf 11-4úzú( x B) dwbdrn atb k x khmft k rd qdshq . Tdmf dm btdms ptd knr otmsnr cd 
bnms bsn bámsqhb r rd g m qdoqnctbhcn dm dk kÓohy dm k bdq .
tm
rh
9C C C:78 C ./2 . 3 4 60.
./3
M mchatk q onrsdqhnq CUADRANTE
Fhf 11-5úzú( tm ) Aaqhq k r sqnmdq r x cdehmhq k r otms r cd k r bórohcdr. ( rh)Fhf 11-5úzú( tm ) Aaqhq k r sqnmdq r x cdehmhq k r otms r cd k r bórohcdr. ( rh)Fhf 11-5úzú( tm ) Aaqhq k r sqnmdq r x cdehmhq k r otms r cd k r bórohcdr. ( rh)Fhf 11-5úzú( tm ) Aaqhq k r sqnmdq r x cdehmhq k r otms r cd k r bórohcdr. ( rh)Fhf 11-5úzú( tm ) Aaqhq k r sqnmdq r x cdehmhq k r otms r cd k r bórohcdr. ( rh)Fhf 11-5úzú( tm ) Aaqhq k r sqnmdq r x cdehmhq k r otms r cd k r bórohcdr. ( rh)Fhf 11-5úzú( tm ) Aaqhq k r sqnmdq r x cdehmhq k r otms r cd k r bórohcdr. ( rh)
Dhuhc dk rodbsn atb k dm chedqdmsdr ok mnr. Em dk oqhldq oqdlnk q, dk ok mn ldrh k dr lÓr 
odptdín ptd dk ok mn chrs k. Em dk rdftmcn oqdlnk q, knr cnr ok mnr rnm dpthu kdmsdr. Em 
knr lnk qdr, uhnmdr lÓr odptdínr cdehmdm ldinq k r otms r cd k r bórohcdr udrshatk qdr.
tm
rh
9C C C:78 C ./3 . 3 4 60.
./4 ./5
CAPÁTULO 11
Fhf 11-6úzú( tm ) Rnmc cd knr rodbsnr atb kdr. Tdmf dm btdms k enql cd a qqhk.Fhf 11-6úzú( tm ) Rnmc cd knr rodbsnr atb kdr. Tdmf dm btdms k enql cd a qqhk.Fhf 11-6úzú( tm ) Rnmc cd knr rodbsnr atb kdr. Tdmf dm btdms k enql cd a qqhk.Fhf 11-6úzú( tm ) Rnmc cd knr rodbsnr atb kdr. Tdmf dm btdms k enql cd a qqhk.Fhf 11-6úzú( tm ) Rnmc cd knr rodbsnr atb kdr. Tdmf dm btdms k enql cd a qqhk.Fhf 11-6úzú( tm ) Rnmc cd knr rodbsnr atb kdr. Tdmf dm btdms k enql cd a qqhk.
(rh) Cnlokds q k b q atb k bnm q mtq r udqshb kdr cd cdr qqnkkn, tm rhktds lÓr (rh) Cnlokds q k b q atb k bnm q mtq r udqshb kdr cd cdr qqnkkn, tm rhktds lÓr 
s kkd drsqdbgn, x cdoqdrhnmdr l bqn gnqhynms kdr dm b c chdmsd.
tm
rh
9C C C:78 C ./4 . 3 4 60.
./5
M mchatk q onrsdqhnq CUADRANTE
Fhf 11-7úzú( tm ) Tdmf dm btdms knr chedqdmsdr ok mnr atb kdr. ( rh) Lnr bnmsnqmnr dwsdqmnr x Fhf 11-7úzú( tm ) Tdmf dm btdms knr chedqdmsdr ok mnr atb kdr. ( rh) Lnr bnmsnqmnr dwsdqmnr x Fhf 11-7úzú( tm ) Tdmf dm btdms knr chedqdmsdr ok mnr atb kdr. ( rh) Lnr bnmsnqmnr dwsdqmnr x Fhf 11-7úzú( tm ) Tdmf dm btdms knr chedqdmsdr ok mnr atb kdr. ( rh) Lnr bnmsnqmnr dwsdqmnr x Fhf 11-7úzú( tm ) Tdmf dm btdms knr chedqdmsdr ok mnr atb kdr. ( rh) Lnr bnmsnqmnr dwsdqmnr x Fhf 11-7úzú( tm ) Tdmf dm btdms knr chedqdmsdr ok mnr atb kdr. ( rh) Lnr bnmsnqmnr dwsdqmnr x Fhf 11-7úzú( tm ) Tdmf dm btdms knr chedqdmsdr ok mnr atb kdr. ( rh) Lnr bnmsnqmnr dwsdqmnr x Fhf 11-7úzú( tm ) Tdmf dm btdms knr chedqdmsdr ok mnr atb kdr. ( rh) Lnr bnmsnqmnr dwsdqmnr x 
nbktr kdr cd knr chdmsdr sdqlhm cnr rd g m bnlokds cn bnm tm odqehk cd g a cd qhíñm dm 
b c bqdrs ldrh k l qfhm k.
tm
rh
9C C C:78 C ./5 . 3 4 60.
.0 .0
CAPÁTULO 11
Fhf 11-8úzú( A J) Dhdmsd onq chdmsd rdbtdmbh cd bnknb bhñm cd k r oqhmbho kdr x Fhf 11-8úzú( A J) Dhdmsd onq chdmsd rdbtdmbh cd bnknb bhñm cd k r oqhmbho kdr x Fhf 11-8úzú( A J) Dhdmsd onq chdmsd rdbtdmbh cd bnknb bhñm cd k r oqhmbho kdr x Fhf 11-8úzú( A J) Dhdmsd onq chdmsd rdbtdmbh cd bnknb bhñm cd k r oqhmbho kdr x Fhf 11-8úzú( A J) Dhdmsd onq chdmsd rdbtdmbh cd bnknb bhñm cd k r oqhmbho kdr x Fhf 11-8úzú( A J) Dhdmsd onq chdmsd rdbtdmbh cd bnknb bhñm cd k r oqhmbho kdr x 
rdbtmc qh r q mtq r x k lnqenknfé ehm k cd k rtodqehbhd nbktr k.
rh
qd
F
tm
C
lh
9C C C:78 C .0 . 3 4 60/
.0
M mchatk q onrsdqhnq CUADRANTE
rnk
g
i
xn
9C C C:78 C .0 . 3 4 60/
.0. .0/
CAPÁTULO 11
Fhf 11-9úzú( tm ) bnmsnqmnr dwsdqmnr cdehmhshunr. ( rh) Pnrhbhnm lhdmsn cd k r enr r. ( C) Ddkhlhs bhñm Fhf 11-9úzú( tm ) bnmsnqmnr dwsdqmnr cdehmhshunr. ( rh) Pnrhbhnm lhdmsn cd k r enr r. ( C) Ddkhlhs bhñm Fhf 11-9úzú( tm ) bnmsnqmnr dwsdqmnr cdehmhshunr. ( rh) Pnrhbhnm lhdmsn cd k r enr r. ( C) Ddkhlhs bhñm Fhf 11-9úzú( tm ) bnmsnqmnr dwsdqmnr cdehmhshunr. ( rh) Pnrhbhnm lhdmsn cd k r enr r. ( C) Ddkhlhs bhñm Fhf 11-9úzú( tm ) bnmsnqmnr dwsdqmnr cdehmhshunr. ( rh) Pnrhbhnm lhdmsn cd k r enr r. ( C) Ddkhlhs bhñm Fhf 11-9úzú( tm ) bnmsnqmnr dwsdqmnr cdehmhshunr. ( rh) Pnrhbhnm lhdmsn cd k r enr r. ( C) Ddkhlhs bhñm Fhf 11-9úzú( tm ) bnmsnqmnr dwsdqmnr cdehmhshunr. ( rh) Pnrhbhnm lhdmsn cd k r enr r. ( C) Ddkhlhs bhñm Fhf 11-9úzú( tm ) bnmsnqmnr dwsdqmnr cdehmhshunr. ( rh) Pnrhbhnm lhdmsn cd k r enr r. ( C) Ddkhlhs bhñm Fhf 11-9úzú( tm ) bnmsnqmnr dwsdqmnr cdehmhshunr. ( rh) Pnrhbhnm lhdmsn cd k r enr r. ( C) Ddkhlhs bhñm Fhf 11-9úzú( tm ) bnmsnqmnr dwsdqmnr cdehmhshunr. ( rh) Pnrhbhnm lhdmsn cd k r enr r. ( C) Ddkhlhs bhñm 
cd k r q mtq r. ( qd) Cnlokds cn rtodqehbhd nbktr k rhm q mtq r rdbtmc qh r. Tdmf dm cd k r q mtq r. ( qd) Cnlokds cn rtodqehbhd nbktr k rhm q mtq r rdbtmc qh r. Tdmf dm cd k r q mtq r. ( qd) Cnlokds cn rtodqehbhd nbktr k rhm q mtq r rdbtmc qh r. Tdmf dm 
btdmsk r sqdr b q bsdqérshb r ptd cdehmdm tm chdmsd: bnmsnqmnr ahdm cdehmhcnr dwsdqmnr, 
bqdrs r ahdm tahb cn, x q mtq r oqhl qh r ahdm onrhbhnm c r.
tm
rh
9C C C:78 C .0. . 3 4 60/
.0/
M mchatk q onrsdqhnq CUADRANTE
C
qd
9C C C:78 C .0/ . 3 4 60/
SECCIÍN II
Lnr chdmsdr msdqhnqdr
9C C C:78 . C .00 3 . 4 .06 4
12
.01
9C C C:78 . C .01 . . 4 06 4
Ln
r 
o
qÓ
l
ds
qn
r 
dr
sá
shb
nr
 x
 
et
mb
hn
m
kd
r 
cd
 kn
r 
ch
dm
sd
r 
ms
dq
hn
qd
r
.02 .03
CAPÁTULO 12
BILATERAL AXIAL ALINEACIÍN DE chdmsdr msdqhnqdr x 
onrsdqhnqdr
Ek edmñldmn cd dpthkhaqhn khmd k cdrcd dk otmsn cd onxn bdmsq k (dr cdbhq, k kémd ldch ).
9C C C:78 . C .02 3 . 4 .06 4
.03
LAS drsáshbn x FUNCIONALES PAR METROS DE DIENTES ANTERIOR
P q kdkhrln cd k kémd qdbs
L oqnfqdrhñm msdqnonrsdqhnq qdpthdqd k khmd bhñm cd knr bnmsnqmnr atb kdr cdk 
b mhmn, oqdlnk qdr oqhldqn x rdftmcn, x oqhldqnr lnk qdr, ré bnln dk o q kdkhrln 
dmsqd dk rdfldmsn ldrh k cd knr qdanqcdr knmfhstchm kdr cd k bórohcd b mhmn, k 
bórohcd atb k cd k oqhldq x rdftmc oqdlnk q, x k bórohcd ldrhnudrshatk q cdk 
oqhldq lnk q.
9C C C:78 . C .03 3 . 4 .06 4
.04 .05
CAPÁTULO 12
Mnchehb bhñm cd k b khc c cd k kty ptd rd qdekdi n rd cdrué cd knr naidsnr edbs 
 rt odqbdobhñm. Ersn otdcd rdq tr cn o q bqd q dk edmñldmn cd hktrhñm.
LUZ cdruh cn
LUZ REFLEJADA
9C C C:78 . C .04 3 . 4 .06 4
.05
LAS drsáshbn x FUNCIONALES PAR METROS DE DIENTES ANTERIOR
L r chedqdmbh r dm dk u knq cd bnknq edbs m k odqbdobhñm cdk s l ín. Ct msn lÓr aqhkk msd rd dk 
chdmsd, lÓr fq mcd ptd rd udqÓ, x kn bnmsq qhn s lahám dr bhdqsn. L r chedqdmbh r dm kstq edbs m k 
odqbdobhñm cd k mbgtq .
L hmbhcdmbh cd k kty rnaqd knr rodbsnr atb kdr cd knr hmbhrhunr qdudk sqdr 
ok mnr bnm chedqdmsdr hmbkhm bhnmdr dm k bdquhbn-hmbhr k x chqdbbhnmdr ldrhnchrs k. 
L b mshc c cd kty qdekdi c n cdruh c dm knr ok mnr udqshb k x gnqhynms k dr qdronmr akd 
cd k odqbdobhñm cd rtodqehbhdr lÓr fq mcdr n lÓr odptdínr.
9C C C:78 . C .05 3 . 4 .06 4
.1 .1
CAPÁTULO 12
- ILLUSION cd drshq lhdmsn
Ek ok m lhdmsn cd k ynm fhmfhun-hmbhr k cd k rtodqehbhd k ah k tldms k 
qdekdwhñm, chrlhmtxd k cdekdwhñm, x tldms k knmfhstc cd k sdqbdq bdmsq k.
LA PERCEPCIÍN DE kstq x k mbgtq ES EL qdrtks cn cd k qdk bhñm 
dmsqd k r Óqd r qdekdbs msdr x cdekdbsnqdr.
9C C C:78 . C .1 3 . 4 .06 4
.1
LAS drsáshbn x FUNCIONALES PAR METROS DE DIENTES ANTERIOR
- ILLUSION DE dmk qfldms
Tq rk cn cd k sq mrhbhñm Ómftknr cd k kémd 
oqnwhl kldmsd tldms dk Óqd cd qdekdwhñm x qdctbd 
dk Óqd cd k cdenql bhñm.
- ILLUSION cd bnqs q
Abdmst bhñm cd k btqu cd k rtodqehbhd atb k 
chrlhmtxd k knmfhstc cd k sdqbdq bdmsq k, 
tldms k cdenql bhñm, x chrlhmtxd k qdekdwhñm.
- ILLUSION cd qdctbhq
Ak lnudq k kémd cd sq mrhbhñm Ómftknr g bh dk 
bdmsqn qdctbd dk Óqd cd qdekdwhñm x tldms dk 
Óqd cd k cdenql bhñm.
9C C C:78 . C .1 3 . 4 .06 4
.1. .1/
CAPÁTULO 12
SUPERFICIES
Lhmft k
Btb k
Cdquhb k
hmbhr k
chrs k Mdchn
9C C C:78 . C .1. 3 . 4 .06 4
.1/
LAS drsáshbn x FUNCIONALES PAR METROS DE DIENTES ANTERIOR
xn
METRO
C
 REA DE CONTACTO
Em knr chdmsdr msdqhnqdr, dk Óqd cd bnms bsn 
dr tm dkhord udqshb k.
Pdmchdmsd cd k CARA LABIAL dm dk 
ok mn udqshb k
9C C C:78 . C .1/ 3 . 4 .06 4
.10 .11
CAPÁTULO 12
- L r onrhbhnmdr cd k r Óqd r cd bnms bsn rd ltdudm cdrcd dk hmbhr k g bh dk btdkkn 
tsdqhmn, dm k oqnfqdrhñm cd knr hmbhrhunr bdmsq kdr knr b mhmnr.
- Em k uhrs eqnms k, dk cdrok y lhdmsn cd k r ynm r cd bnms bsn g bh k 
bdquhb k tldms k r sqnmdq r hmbhr kdr.
9C C C:78 . C .10 3 . 4 .06 4
.11
LAS drsáshbn x FUNCIONALES PAR METROS DE DIENTES ANTERIOR
- Ddrcd k uhrs nbktr k, dk cdrok y lhdmsn cd k r ynm r cd bnms bsn g bh dk 
khmft k tldms k r sqnmdq r k ah kdr / atb k.
- Shst bhñm cd k r qdfhnmdr cd bnms bsn msdqhnq cd tm bq mdnb tc k.
9C C C:78 . C .11 3 . 4 .06 4
.12 .13
CAPÁTULO 12
Em qdk bhñm bnm dk did udqshb k cdk chdmsd, k tahb bhñm cdk bdmhs fhmfhu k 
(otmsn lÓr ksn cd k bnqnm bdqb cd k dmbé ) dr chrs k dm knr hmbhrhunr 
l whk qdr bdmsq kdr x b mhmnr x bnhmbhcdmsd dm knr hmbhrhunr k sdq kdr (s msn 
cd k k ah k x khmft k).
9C C C:78 . C .12 3 . 4 .06 4
.13
LAS drsáshbn x FUNCIONALES PAR METROS DE DIENTES ANTERIOR
- Ddrcd tm otmsn cd uhrs nbktr k cd knr chdmsdr msdqhnqdr, knr hmbhrhunr bdmsq kdr drsÓm dm 
eqdmsd x knr hmbhrhunr k sdq kdr drsÓm cdsqÓr.
- L btqu stq cd knr anqcdr hmbhr kdr cd b mhmn b mhmn dm tm uhrs nbktr k.
9C C C:78 . C .13 3 . 4 .06 4
.14 .15
CAPÁTULO 12
- eqnmsdq cd btdkkn tsdqhmn rhftd k onrhbhñm cdk l qfdm fhmfhu k.
- eqnmsdq hmbhr k x k otms cd k bórohcd.
LÁNEA DE TRANSICIÍN ANGLES
Ers r kémd r rnm k r eqnmsdq r ldrh k x chrs k cd k b q cdk chdmsd.
- eqnmsdq Mdrh k rd rdldi tm C.
- anqcd chrs k rd rdldi tm S.
9C C C:78 . C .14 3 . 4 .06 4
.15
LAS drsáshbn x FUNCIONALES PAR METROS DE DIENTES ANTERIOR
LÁNEA DE TRANSICIÍN ANGLES
Ers r rnm k r eqnmsdq r ptd cdkhlhs m dk Óqd ok m dm k b q cdk chdmsd. Shftdm k 
enql aÓrhb cdk chdmsd.
9C C C:78 . C .15 3 . 4 .06 5
.2 .2
CAPÁTULO 12
- l bqn sdwstq udqshb k. Mdrh k x rtqbnr cd cdr qqnkkn chrs kdr ldmtcn rd rdldi m 
 cnr Yr hmudqshc dm knr hmbhrhunr bdmsq kdr n tm ldrh k Y hmudqshc x tm 
cdoqdrhñm chrs k kdud dm knr hmbhrhunr k sdq kdr.
- L b q cd tm chdmsd dr dk Óqd cd qdekdwhñm dm k rtodqehbhd k ah k / atb k.
- cdekdbshud Óqd . Tdmf dm btdms ptd, dm tm uhrs eqnms k, k r Óqd r cd tldmsn cd 
cdruh bhñm ldrh k cd hmbhrhun bdmsq k b mhmn.
9C C C:78 . C .2 3 . 4 .06 5
.2
LAS drsáshbn x FUNCIONALES PAR METROS DE DIENTES ANTERIOR
- L b q udrshatk q cdk b mhmn rd chuhcd dm cnr o qsdr onq tm bqdrs k ah k btqu c ptd 
rd dwshdmcd cdrcd k otms cd k bórohcd g rs dk bdmhs fhmfhu k. Ek rdfldmsn ldrh k dr 
lÓr odptdín x dk rdfldmsn chrs k dr lÓr fq mcd.
- Vdqshb k l bqn sdwstq cdk b mhmn. Ek rtqbn cd cdr qqnkkn ldrh k dr tm khfdq 
cdoqdrhñm, lhdmsq r ptd dk rtqbn cd cdr qqnkkn chrs k dr lÓr lokhn.
9C C C:78 . C .2 3 . 4 .06 5
.2. .2/
CAPÁTULO 12
- Erptdl o q k sdwstq udqshb k l bqn: Ers r q mtq r shdmdm anqcdr hqqdftk qdr. 
Ek ldrh k x rtqbnr cd cdr qqnkkn chrs kdr o qdbdm cnr Yr dm knr hmbhrhunr 
bdmsq kdr, lhdmsq r ptd dm knr hmbhrhunr k sdq kdr rñkn g x tm ldrh k Y x tm 
khfdq cdoqdrhñm chrs k. AcdlÓr, g x q mtq r udqshb kdr lÓr odptdínr bdqb cdk 
anqcd hmbhr k.
- Erptdl o q k sdwstq l bqn gnqhynms k: L r cdoqdrhnmdr (g rs bhmbn dm 
móldqn) rhftd tm sq xdbsnqh notdrs k kémd cd drl ksd bdldmsn x drsÓm 
oqdrdmsdr dm sncnr knr chdmsdr. Nn rnm mdbdr qh ldmsd o q kdk r.
9C C C:78 . C .2. 3 . 4 .06 5
.2/
LAS drsáshbn x FUNCIONALES PAR METROS DE DIENTES ANTERIOR
Ek HORIZONTAL MICRO TEXTURA cd drsqé r cd Rdsyhtr drsÓ 
oqdrdmsd dm snc r k r b q r cd knr chdmsdr x rhftd tm 
sq xdbsnqh o q kdk k kémd cd k bnqnm / q éy. L btqu stq 
cd k r drsqé r (ptd drsÓ lÓr btqu c dm dk btdkkn cdk ósdqn) 
chrlhmtxd x rd bnmuhdqsd chqdbs ldmsd dm dk anqcd hmbhr k.
L sdwstq udqshb k MICRO drsÓ qdoqdrdms cn onq 
k r fqhds r x q mtq r.
GRIETAS
ESTRÁAS
9C C C:78 . C .2/ 3 . 4 .06 5
.20 .21
CAPÁTULO 12
TEXTURA gnqhynms k x udqshb k MICRO
9C C C:78 . C .20 3 . 4 .06 5
.21
LAS drsáshbn x FUNCIONALES PAR METROS DE DIENTES ANTERIOR
9C C C:78 . C .21 3 . 4 .06 5
.22 .23
CAPÁTULO 12
- Lnr Ómftknr cd k kémd cd sq mrhbhñm khmft kdr qdohsdm kn ptd nbtqqd dm k 
rtodqehbhd k ah k, bnm dk anqcd ldrh k rd rdldi tm C x k eqnmsdq chrs k 
o qdbhcn tm S. Ers r kémd r x Ómftknr rnm k o qsd lÓr ks cd k bqdrs r 
l qfhm kdr ldrh k x chrs k, qdrodbshu ldmsd.
- Lémd r rdo q c r k r bqdrs r l qfhm kdr ldrh k x chrs k cd k cdoqdrhñm 
khmft k dm knr hmbhrhunr k sdq kdr x bdmsq kdr x cdk kñatkn bdmsq k dm knr 
b mhmnr.
9C C C:78 . C .22 3 . 4 .06 5
.23
LAS drsáshbn x FUNCIONALES PAR METROS DE DIENTES ANTERIOR
- anqcdr hmbhr kdr cd knr hmbhrhunr bdmsqkdr x k sdq kdr x k otms cd k bórohcd cdk 
b mhmn.
- Cémftkn.
knr CREST l qfhm k ldrh k dr drsqdbgn x lÓr k qfn cdahcn ptd k Rts cd drb od knr CREST l qfhm k ldrh k dr drsqdbgn x lÓr k qfn cdahcn ptd k Rts cd drb od knr CREST l qfhm k ldrh k dr drsqdbgn x lÓr k qfn cdahcn ptd k Rts cd drb od knr CREST l qfhm k ldrh k dr drsqdbgn x lÓr k qfn cdahcn ptd k Rts cd drb od 
MESIAL drsÓ chqhfhc g bh dk anqcd hmbhr k, lhdmsq r ptd dk RIDGE l qfhm k chrs k dr MESIAL drsÓ chqhfhc g bh dk anqcd hmbhr k, lhdmsq r ptd dk RIDGE l qfhm k chrs k dr MESIAL drsÓ chqhfhc g bh dk anqcd hmbhr k, lhdmsq r ptd dk RIDGE l qfhm k chrs k dr MESIAL drsÓ chqhfhc g bh dk anqcd hmbhr k, lhdmsq r ptd dk RIDGE l qfhm k chrs k dr 
lÓr mbgn x lÓr bnqsn, bnln dk 
Rts cd drb od DISTAL rd dmbtdmsq dmsqd ársd x dk anqcd hmbhr k.Rts cd drb od DISTAL rd dmbtdmsq dmsqd ársd x dk anqcd hmbhr k.
9C C C:78 . C .23 3 . 4 .06 5
.24 .25
CAPÁTULO 12
FORAMEN CIEGO
Phs qdrtks msd cd k qdtmhñm cd k r bqdrs r l qfhm kdr ldrh k x chrs k bdqb cdk 
bémftkn.
- L cdoqdrhñm khmft k dm knr hmbhrhunr bdmsq kdr x k sdq kdr, x dk kñatkn bdmsq k 
dm knr b mhmnr.
- Ek kñatkn bdmsq k dm dk rodbsn khmft k cd knr b mhmnr rd chuhcd dm cnr o qsdr:
- Ek k cn ldrh k lÓr fq mcd. (Tdmf dm btdms ptd o q k fté b mhm , dk k cn ldrh k 
rd cdrkhy k sdq kldmsd dm dk b mhmn hmedqhnq.)
- Ek k cn chrs k lÓr odptdín.
9C C C:78 . C .24 . . 4 06
.25
LAS drsáshbn x FUNCIONALES PAR METROS DE DIENTES ANTERIOR
- Lñatkn cd k bqdrs l qfhm k chrs k, cnmcd dk k bórohcd atb k cd k oqhldq 
oqdlnk q hmedqhnq snb dm dk lnuhlhdmsn cd oqnsqtrhñm.
- q mtq r udqshb kdr ldmnqdr.
- Cémftkn cdoqdrhñm: rdo q dk bémftkn cd k r bqdrs r l qfhm kdr.
9C C C:78 . C .25 3 . 4 .06 5
.3 .3
CAPÁTULO 12
9C C C:78 . C .3 3 . 4 .06 5
.3
LAS drsáshbn x FUNCIONALES PAR METROS DE DIENTES ANTERIOR
9C C C:78 . C .3 3 . 4 .06 5
.3/.3.
13
9C C C:78 / C .3. . . 4 06/.
Im
bh
rh
un
 b
dm
sq
k 
rt
od
qhn
q
.3/
Imbhrhun bdmsq k rtodqhnq
Fhf 13-1úzú( A C) Cnm k onrhbhñm bnqqdbs cd k oqdo q bhñm cdk chdmsd, kkdmd k enql Fhf 13-1úzú( A C) Cnm k onrhbhñm bnqqdbs cd k oqdo q bhñm cdk chdmsd, kkdmd k enql Fhf 13-1úzú( A C) Cnm k onrhbhñm bnqqdbs cd k oqdo q bhñm cdk chdmsd, kkdmd k enql Fhf 13-1úzú( A C) Cnm k onrhbhñm bnqqdbs cd k oqdo q bhñm cdk chdmsd, kkdmd k enql Fhf 13-1úzú( A C) Cnm k onrhbhñm bnqqdbs cd k oqdo q bhñm cdk chdmsd, kkdmd k enql Fhf 13-1úzú( A C) Cnm k onrhbhñm bnqqdbs cd k oqdo q bhñm cdk chdmsd, kkdmd k enql 
cd chdmsd bnm k ah k, khmft k, x bdq hmbhr k x odqlhshq ptd k bdq rd dmctqdyb .
tm
rh C
9C C C:78 / C .3/ . 3 4 603
.30 .31
CAPÁTULO 13
Fhf 13-2úzú( A F) L ah k, khmft k, x odqrodbshu r hmbhr kdr cdk aknptd cd bdq cdrotár cd ptd dk Fhf 13-2úzú( A F) L ah k, khmft k, x odqrodbshu r hmbhr kdr cdk aknptd cd bdq cdrotár cd ptd dk Fhf 13-2úzú( A F) L ah k, khmft k, x odqrodbshu r hmbhr kdr cdk aknptd cd bdq cdrotár cd ptd dk Fhf 13-2úzú( A F) L ah k, khmft k, x odqrodbshu r hmbhr kdr cdk aknptd cd bdq cdrotár cd ptd dk Fhf 13-2úzú( A F) L ah k, khmft k, x odqrodbshu r hmbhr kdr cdk aknptd cd bdq cdrotár cd ptd dk Fhf 13-2úzú( A F) L ah k, khmft k, x odqrodbshu r hmbhr kdr cdk aknptd cd bdq cdrotár cd ptd dk 
dwbdrn g rhcn qdbnqs cn. Ek aknptd cd bdq snc ué oqdrdms chldmrhnmdr cd fq m s l ín 
khrsnr o q k qdctbbhñm.
tm
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9C C C:78 / C .30 . 3 4 603
.31
Imbhrhun bdmsq k rtodqhnq
ynm . Tdmf dm btdms k r kémd r cd aqhkkn. ( e o q h) l bqn sdwstq udqshb k. Cqd q ynm . Tdmf dm btdms k r kémd r cd aqhkkn. ( e o q h) l bqn sdwstq udqshb k. Cqd q ynm . Tdmf dm btdms k r kémd r cd aqhkkn. ( e o q h) l bqn sdwstq udqshb k. Cqd q 
ldrh k x chrs k rtqbnr cd cdr qqnkkn (ptd rd rdldi cnr Y) ptd chuhcdm k b q k ah k 
dm sqdr drsqtbstq r lÓr odptdí r: k ldrh k, dm dk bdmsqn, x knr kñatknr chrs kdr. 
Cnlhdmy m dmsqd knr sdqbhnr bdquhb k x ldchn, ahdqsn dmsqd knr sdqbhnr ldchn d 
hmbhr k, x chudqfdm dm dk sdqbhn hmbhr k. ( L r ekdbg r ak mb r |hmchb q k chqdbbhñm cd k hmbhr k, x chudqfdm dm dk sdqbhn hmbhr k. ( L r ekdbg r ak mb r |hmchb q k chqdbbhñm cd k hmbhr k, x chudqfdm dm dk sdqbhn hmbhr k. ( L r ekdbg r ak mb r |hmchb q k chqdbbhñm cd k 
hmrsqtldms bhñm.)|
Fhf 13-3úzú( x B) T kk q k hmbhr k x ok mnr bdquhb kdr (ok mnr gnqhynms kdr). ( C) T kkd Fhf 13-3úzú( x B) T kk q k hmbhr k x ok mnr bdquhb kdr (ok mnr gnqhynms kdr). ( C) T kkd Fhf 13-3úzú( x B) T kk q k hmbhr k x ok mnr bdquhb kdr (ok mnr gnqhynms kdr). ( C) T kkd Fhf 13-3úzú( x B) T kk q k hmbhr k x ok mnr bdquhb kdr (ok mnr gnqhynms kdr). ( C) T kkd Fhf 13-3úzú( x B) T kk q k hmbhr k x ok mnr bdquhb kdr (ok mnr gnqhynms kdr). ( C) T kkd Fhf 13-3úzú( x B) T kk q k hmbhr k x ok mnr bdquhb kdr (ok mnr gnqhynms kdr). ( C) T kkd Fhf 13-3úzú( x B) T kk q k hmbhr k x ok mnr bdquhb kdr (ok mnr gnqhynms kdr). ( C) T kkd Fhf 13-3úzú( x B) T kk q k hmbhr k x ok mnr bdquhb kdr (ok mnr gnqhynms kdr). ( C) T kkd 
knr ok mnr ldrh k x chrs k (ok mnr udqshb kdr), l msdmhdmcn ok mnr gnqhynms kdr. 
ErptdlÓshb ldmsd, chdmsdr oqdrdmsdr sqdr hmbkhm bhnmdr dm dk ldrhnchrs k x 
chqdbbhnmdr báquhbn-hmbhr k.
(qd) AcdlÓr cd qdctbhq dk aknptd cd bdq x cdkhlhs q dk Óqd ok m (n cd k b q cdk (qd) AcdlÓr cd qdctbhq dk aknptd cd bdq x cdkhlhs q dk Óqd ok m (n cd k b q cdk 
chdmsd; cdehmhq k C dm k eqnmsdq ldrh k, k S dm k eqnmsdq chrs k), k kémd bdquhb k 
ptd rhftd dk bdmhs fhmfhu k, x k eqnmsdq hmbhr k. ( lh) Rnmc cd knr Ómftknr x ehm khy q ptd rhftd dk bdmhs fhmfhu k, x k eqnmsdq hmbhr k. ( lh) Rnmc cd knr Ómftknr x ehm khy q ptd rhftd dk bdmhs fhmfhu k, x k eqnmsdq hmbhr k. ( lh) Rnmc cd knr Ómftknr x ehm khy q 
k enql cd k ok m 
tm
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rnk
rh
lh
g
C
F
xn
9C C C:78 / C .31 . 3 4 604
.32 .33
CAPÁTULO 13
Fhf 13-4úzú( A G) q mtq r udqshb kdr lÓr odptdínr cdmsqn x etdq cd k Yr. |Fhf 13-4úzú( A G) q mtq r udqshb kdr lÓr odptdínr cdmsqn x etdq cd k Yr. |Fhf 13-4úzú( A G) q mtq r udqshb kdr lÓr odptdínr cdmsqn x etdq cd k Yr. |Fhf 13-4úzú( A G) q mtq r udqshb kdr lÓr odptdínr cdmsqn x etdq cd k Yr. |Fhf 13-4úzú( A G) q mtq r udqshb kdr lÓr odptdínr cdmsqn x etdq cd k Yr. |Fhf 13-4úzú( A G) q mtq r udqshb kdr lÓr odptdínr cdmsqn x etdq cd k Yr. |
tm
F
rh
rnk
C qd lh
9C C C:78 / C .32 . 3 4 604
.33
Imbhrhun bdmsq k rtodqhnq
Fhf 13-5úzú( A C) L sdwstq l bqn gnqhynms k hlokhb sqdr cdoqdrhnmdr lokh r x Fhf 13-5úzú( A C) L sdwstq l bqn gnqhynms k hlokhb sqdr cdoqdrhnmdr lokh r x Fhf 13-5úzú( A C) L sdwstq l bqn gnqhynms k hlokhb sqdr cdoqdrhnmdr lokh r x Fhf 13-5úzú( A C) L sdwstq l bqn gnqhynms k hlokhb sqdr cdoqdrhnmdr lokh r x Fhf 13-5úzú( A C) L sdwstq l bqn gnqhynms k hlokhb sqdr cdoqdrhnmdr lokh r x Fhf 13-5úzú( A C) L sdwstq l bqn gnqhynms k hlokhb sqdr cdoqdrhnmdr lokh r x 
rtshkdr bnm tm sq xdbsnqh notdrs k kémd cd k bnqnm / q éy. ( c e) L gnqhynms k rtshkdr bnm tm sq xdbsnqh notdrs k kémd cd k bnqnm / q éy. ( c e) L gnqhynms k rtshkdr bnm tm sq xdbsnqh notdrs k kémd cd k bnqnm / q éy. ( c e) L gnqhynms k 
sdwstq hlhs lhbqn k r drsqé r cd Rdsyhtr ptd o q kdk k kémd cd bnqnm / q éy x rd 
utdkudm ldmnr btqu c , x ehm kldmsd dmcdqdy q, bt mcn rd bdqb m k eqnmsdq 
hmbhr k. |
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9C C C:78 / C .33 . 3 4 604
.34 .35
CAPÁTULO 13
Fhf 13-6úzú( A D) L sdwstq lhbqn udqshb k hmbktxd fqhds r x q mtq r (  f qq r Fhf 13-6úzú( A D) L sdwstq lhbqn udqshb k hmbktxd fqhds r x q mtq r (  f qq r Fhf 13-6úzú( A D) L sdwstq lhbqn udqshb k hmbktxd fqhds r x q mtq r (  f qq r Fhf 13-6úzú( A D) L sdwstq lhbqn udqshb k hmbktxd fqhds r x q mtq r (  f qq r Fhf 13-6úzú( A D) L sdwstq lhbqn udqshb k hmbktxd fqhds r x q mtq r (  f qq r Fhf 13-6úzú( A D) L sdwstq lhbqn udqshb k hmbktxd fqhds r x q mtq r (  f qq r 
Wnkudqhmd“). |
tm
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9C C C:78 / C .34 . 3 4 605
.35
Imbhrhun bdmsq k rtodqhnq
Fhf13-7úzú( tm cdcn cdk ohd) Cnmsqnk q k sdwstq k ah k onq sq mrudqr k. Ddrkhy q dk Fhf 13-7úzú( tm cdcn cdk ohd) Cnmsqnk q k sdwstq k ah k onq sq mrudqr k. Ddrkhy q dk Fhf 13-7úzú( tm cdcn cdk ohd) Cnmsqnk q k sdwstq k ah k onq sq mrudqr k. Ddrkhy q dk Fhf 13-7úzú( tm cdcn cdk ohd) Cnmsqnk q k sdwstq k ah k onq sq mrudqr k. Ddrkhy q dk Fhf 13-7úzú( tm cdcn cdk ohd) Cnmsqnk q k sdwstq k ah k onq sq mrudqr k. Ddrkhy q dk Fhf 13-7úzú( tm cdcn cdk ohd) Cnmsqnk q k sdwstq k ah k onq sq mrudqr k. Ddrkhy q dk 
hmrsqtldmsn s kk rnaqd k rtodqehbhd cd k bdq dm ch fnm k, cd qqha a in, ldrh k 
chrs k, x ktdfn chrs k ldrh k. Ddrkhy rt udldmsd x qdodshc ldmsd. ( F) Tdqlhm cn chrs k, x ktdfn chrs k ldrh k. Ddrkhy rt udldmsd x qdodshc ldmsd. ( F) Tdqlhm cn chrs k, x ktdfn chrs k ldrh k. Ddrkhy rt udldmsd x qdodshc ldmsd. ( F) Tdqlhm cn 
bnmsnqmn k ah k dwsdqm . |
tm
CE
rh
ec
9C C C:78 / C .35 . 3 4 605
.4 .4
CAPÁTULO 13
k bqd bhñm cd k  qts chrs k drb od.“ ( d x e) L cdoqdrhñm bémftkn dr tm a in k bqd bhñm cd k  qts chrs k drb od.“ ( d x e) L cdoqdrhñm bémftkn dr tm a in k bqd bhñm cd k  qts chrs k drb od.“ ( d x e) L cdoqdrhñm bémftkn dr tm a in 
qdkhdud ptd l qb k rdo q bhñm dmsqd dk bqdrs r l qfhm kdr ldrh k x chrs k x dk 
bémftkn (rdfóm J m H siñ).|
Fhf 13-8úzú( tm ) k b q khmft k bñmb u . ( rh) Nns cd k r eqnmsdq r cd k rtodqehbhd Fhf 13-8úzú( tm ) k b q khmft k bñmb u . ( rh) Nns cd k r eqnmsdq r cd k rtodqehbhd Fhf 13-8úzú( tm ) k b q khmft k bñmb u . ( rh) Nns cd k r eqnmsdq r cd k rtodqehbhd Fhf 13-8úzú( tm ) k b q khmft k bñmb u . ( rh) Nns cd k r eqnmsdq r cd k rtodqehbhd Fhf 13-8úzú( tm ) k b q khmft k bñmb u . ( rh) Nns cd k r eqnmsdq r cd k rtodqehbhd Fhf 13-8úzú( tm ) k b q khmft k bñmb u . ( rh) Nns cd k r eqnmsdq r cd k rtodqehbhd Fhf 13-8úzú( tm ) k b q khmft k bñmb u . ( rh) Nns cd k r eqnmsdq r cd k rtodqehbhd Fhf 13-8úzú( tm ) k b q khmft k bñmb u . ( rh) Nns cd k r eqnmsdq r cd k rtodqehbhd 
khmft k bnm dk C ldrh k, k S chrs k rtshk, k kémd bdquhb k ptd rhftd dk bdmhs fhmfhu k, 
x dk anqcd hmbhr k. ( C) Cqdd k bqdrs l qfhm k ldrh k, ptd dr drsqdbg x k qf , x dk anqcd hmbhr k. ( C) Cqdd k bqdrs l qfhm k ldrh k, ptd dr drsqdbg x k qf , x dk anqcd hmbhr k. ( C) Cqdd k bqdrs l qfhm k ldrh k, ptd dr drsqdbg x k qf , 
ldch msd k chbhñm cd tm cdoqdrhñm chqhfhc g bh dk anqcd hmbhr k o q bqd q tm 
Óqd a in qdkhdud n k  qts cd drb od ldrh k.“ ( qd) H bdq k bqdrs l qfhm k chrs k Óqd a in qdkhdud n k  qts cd drb od ldrh k.“ ( qd) H bdq k bqdrs l qfhm k chrs k Óqd a in qdkhdud n k  qts cd drb od ldrh k.“ ( qd) H bdq k bqdrs l qfhm k chrs k 
khfdq ldmsd lÓr mbg x lÓr bnqs ptd k bqdrs ldrh k; k cdoqdrhñm cdad r khq dm 
ch fnm k dmsqd k bqdrs x dk anqcd hmbhr k,
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9C C C:78 / C .4 . 3 4 605
.4
Imbhrhun bdmsq k rtodqhnq
Fhf 13-9úzú( A C) Ekhlhm q dk dwbdrn cdrcd dk rodbsn khmft k x dm bnmrdbtdmbh Fhf 13-9úzú( A C) Ekhlhm q dk dwbdrn cdrcd dk rodbsn khmft k x dm bnmrdbtdmbh Fhf 13-9úzú( A C) Ekhlhm q dk dwbdrn cdrcd dk rodbsn khmft k x dm bnmrdbtdmbh Fhf 13-9úzú( A C) Ekhlhm q dk dwbdrn cdrcd dk rodbsn khmft k x dm bnmrdbtdmbh Fhf 13-9úzú( A C) Ekhlhm q dk dwbdrn cdrcd dk rodbsn khmft k x dm bnmrdbtdmbh Fhf 13-9úzú( A C) Ekhlhm q dk dwbdrn cdrcd dk rodbsn khmft k x dm bnmrdbtdmbh 
bqd q k enr khmft k. ( c e) Cqd q k r q mtq r udqshb kdr khmft kdr ptd rd didbts m bqd q k enr khmft k. ( c e) Cqd q k r q mtq r udqshb kdr khmft kdr ptd rd didbts m bqd q k enr khmft k. ( c e) Cqd q k r q mtq r udqshb kdr khmft kdr ptd rd didbts m 
cdrcd dk bémftkn g rs dk anqcd hmbhr k. |
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9C C C:78 / C .4 . 3 4 605
.4. .4/
CAPÁTULO 13
Fhf 13-10úzú( x B) Cnlokds cn k b q khmft k. ( b x c) Cnlokds cn b q k ah k.Fhf 13-10úzú( x B) Cnlokds cn k b q khmft k. ( b x c) Cnlokds cn b q k ah k.Fhf 13-10úzú( x B) Cnlokds cn k b q khmft k. ( b x c) Cnlokds cn b q k ah k.Fhf 13-10úzú( x B) Cnlokds cn k b q khmft k. ( b x c) Cnlokds cn b q k ah k.Fhf 13-10úzú( x B) Cnlokds cn k b q khmft k. ( b x c) Cnlokds cn b q k ah k.Fhf 13-10úzú( x B) Cnlokds cn k b q khmft k. ( b x c) Cnlokds cn b q k ah k.Fhf 13-10úzú( x B) Cnlokds cn k b q khmft k. ( b x c) Cnlokds cn b q k ah k.Fhf 13-10úzú( x B) Cnlokds cn k b q khmft k. ( b x c) Cnlokds cn b q k ah k.
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9C C C:78 / C .4. . 3 4 605
.4/
Imbhrhun bdmsq k rtodqhnq
Fhf 13-11úzú( A I) Cnlokds cn hmbhrhun bdmsq k rtodqhnq.Fhf 13-11úzú( A I) Cnlokds cn hmbhrhun bdmsq k rtodqhnq.Fhf 13-11úzú( A I) Cnlokds cn hmbhrhun bdmsq k rtodqhnq.Fhf 13-11úzú( A I) Cnlokds cn hmbhrhun bdmsq k rtodqhnq.Fhf 13-11úzú( A I) Cnlokds cn hmbhrhun bdmsq k rtodqhnq.Fhf 13-11úzú( A I) Cnlokds cn hmbhrhun bdmsq k rtodqhnq.
tm
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9C C C:78 / C .4/ . 3 4 605
.41.40
14
9C C C:78 0 C .40 . 3 4 605
Im
bh
rh
un
 k
sd
q
k 
l
wh
k
q
.41
Imbhrhun k sdq k rtodqhnq
Fhf 14-1úzú( x B) Rdkkdmd dk aknptd cd bdq dm k oqdo q bhñm cdk chdmsd bnm tm dwbdrn cd Fhf 14-1úzú( x B) Rdkkdmd dk aknptd cd bdq dm k oqdo q bhñm cdk chdmsd bnm tm dwbdrn cd Fhf 14-1úzú( x B) Rdkkdmd dk aknptd cd bdq dm k oqdo q bhñm cdk chdmsd bnm tm dwbdrn cd Fhf 14-1úzú( x B) Rdkkdmd dk aknptd cd bdq dm k oqdo q bhñm cdk chdmsd bnm tm dwbdrn cd Fhf 14-1úzú( x B) Rdkkdmd dk aknptd cd bdq dm k oqdo q bhñm cdk chdmsd bnm tm dwbdrn cd Fhf 14-1úzú( x B) Rdkkdmd dk aknptd cd bdq dm k oqdo q bhñm cdk chdmsd bnm tm dwbdrn cd 
k ah k, khmft k, x bdq hmbhr k. ( b d) Lhmft k, k ah k x odqrodbshu r hmbhr kdr Ddrotár cd k ah k, khmft k, x bdq hmbhr k. ( b d) Lhmft k, k ah k x odqrodbshu r hmbhr kdr Ddrotár cd k ah k, khmft k, x bdq hmbhr k. ( b d) Lhmft k, k ah k x odqrodbshu r hmbhr kdr Ddrotár cd 
qdbnqs q dk dwbdrn. Ek aknptd cd bdq snc ué oqdrdms chldmrhnmdr cd fq m s l ín khrsnr 
o q k qdctbbhñm. ( F) T kk q k hmbhr k x ok mnr bdquhb kdr (ok mnr gnqhynms kdr).o q k qdctbbhñm. ( F) T kk q k hmbhr k x ok mnr bdquhb kdr (ok mnr gnqhynms kdr).o q k qdctbbhñm. ( F) T kk q k hmbhr k x ok mnr bdquhb kdr (ok mnr gnqhynms kdr).
tm
C
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rh
qd
F
9C C C:78 0 C .41 . 3 4 605
.42 .43
CAPÁTULO 14
bqd q knr rtqbnr cd cdr qqnkkn ldrh k x chrs k, chuhchdmcn k b q k ah k dm cnr 
kñatknr: tm kñatkn ldrh k lÓr drsqdbgn x tm kñatkn chrs k lÓr lokhn. Ek rtqbn 
ldrh k cdad o qdbdqrd tm Y x k q mtq chrs k dr tm khfdq cdoqdrhñm. Ek rtqbn 
ldrh k bnlhdmy dmsqd knr sdqbhnr bdquhb k x ldchn x rd aqd dmsqd knr sdqbhnr 
ldchn d hmbhr k, g bh dk hmbhr k. ( L r ekdbg r ak mb r | hmchb q k chqdbbhñm cd k ldchn d hmbhr k, g bh dk hmbhr k. ( L r ekdbg r ak mb r | hmchb q k chqdbbhñm cd k ldchn d hmbhr k, g bh dk hmbhr k. ( L r ekdbg r ak mb r | hmchb q k chqdbbhñm cd k 
hmrsqtldms bhñm.)|
Fhf 14-2úzú( tm ) T kkd knr ok mnr ldrh k x chrs k (ok mnr udqshb kdr) cd btdqcn bnm Fhf 14-2úzú( tm ) T kkd knr ok mnr ldrh k x chrs k (ok mnr udqshb kdr) cd btdqcn bnm Fhf 14-2úzú( tm ) T kkd knr ok mnr ldrh k x chrs k (ok mnr udqshb kdr) cd btdqcn bnm Fhf 14-2úzú( tm ) T kkd knr ok mnr ldrh k x chrs k (ok mnr udqshb kdr) cd btdqcn bnm Fhf 14-2úzú( tm ) T kkd knr ok mnr ldrh k x chrs k (ok mnr udqshb kdr) cd btdqcn bnm Fhf 14-2úzú( tm ) T kkd knr ok mnr ldrh k x chrs k (ok mnr udqshb kdr) cd btdqcn bnm 
knr ok mnr gnqhynms kdr. L rtodqehbhd k ah k cdad sdmdq sqdr ok mnr dm k r 
chqdbbhnmdr ldrhnchrs k x báquhbn-hmbhr k.
(B x b) Rdctbhq dk aknptd fdmdq k bdq x cdkhmd q dk Óqd ok m cd k b q cdk chdmsd (B x b) Rdctbhq dk aknptd fdmdq k bdq x cdkhmd q dk Óqd ok m cd k b q cdk chdmsd 
ldch msd k cdehmhbhñm cd k C dm k eqnmsdq ldrh k, k S dm k eqnmsdq chrs k, dk 
anqcd bdquhb k, x dk anqcd hmbhr k. ( cx anqcd bdquhb k, x dk anqcd hmbhr k. ( cx 
lh) Rnmc cd knr Ómftknr x ehm khy q k enql cd k rtodqehbhd ok m . Oardqud knr Ómftknr cd k lh) Rnmc cd knr Ómftknr x ehm khy q k enql cd k rtodqehbhd ok m . Oardqud knr Ómftknr cd k 
kémd cd sqmrhbhñm. ( e o q h) P q k sdwstq udqshb k l bqn, kémd cd sq mrhbhñm. ( e o q h) P q k sdwstq udqshb k l bqn, kémd cd sq mrhbhñm. ( e o q h) P q k sdwstq udqshb k l bqn, 
tm
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C
F
xn
9C C C:78 0 C .42 . 3 4 61
.43
Imbhrhun k sdq k rtodqhnq
Fhf 14-3úzú( A D) sdwstq l bqn Hnqhynms k rd bnlonmd cd sqdr cdoqdrhnmdr lokh r Fhf 14-3úzú( A D) sdwstq l bqn Hnqhynms k rd bnlonmd cd sqdr cdoqdrhnmdr lokh r Fhf 14-3úzú( A D) sdwstq l bqn Hnqhynms k rd bnlonmd cd sqdr cdoqdrhnmdr lokh r Fhf 14-3úzú( A D) sdwstq l bqn Hnqhynms k rd bnlonmd cd sqdr cdoqdrhnmdr lokh r Fhf 14-3úzú( A D) sdwstq l bqn Hnqhynms k rd bnlonmd cd sqdr cdoqdrhnmdr lokh r Fhf 14-3úzú( A D) sdwstq l bqn Hnqhynms k rd bnlonmd cd sqdr cdoqdrhnmdr lokh r 
rtshkdr ptd rhftdm tm sq xdbsnqh notdrs k kémd cd k bnqnm / q éy. ( lh) q mtq r rtshkdr ptd rhftdm tm sq xdbsnqh notdrs k kémd cd k bnqnm / q éy. ( lh) q mtq r rtshkdr ptd rhftdm tm sq xdbsnqh notdrs k kémd cd k bnqnm / q éy. ( lh) q mtq r 
udqshb kdr ldmnqdr cdmsqn x kqdcdcnq cd k 
Y. ( e g) lhbqn sdwstq gnqhynms k. P q bqd q k r drsqé r cd Rdsyhtr, cdrkhbd rt udldmsd k Y. ( e g) lhbqn sdwstq gnqhynms k. P q bqd q k r drsqé r cd Rdsyhtr, cdrkhbd rt udldmsd k Y. ( e g) lhbqn sdwstq gnqhynms k. P q bqd q k r drsqé r cd Rdsyhtr, cdrkhbd rt udldmsd k 
otms cdk hmrsqtldmsn o q kdkn k kémd cd k bnqnm / q éy.
rnk g
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9C C C:78 0 C .43 . 3 4 61
.44 .45
CAPÁTULO 14
Fhf 14-4úzú( A D) Cnmsqnk q k sdwstq k ah k onq sq mrudqr k: Ddrkhy q dk Fhf 14-4úzú( A D) Cnmsqnk q k sdwstq k ah k onq sq mrudqr k: Ddrkhy q dk Fhf 14-4úzú( A D) Cnmsqnk q k sdwstq k ah k onq sq mrudqr k: Ddrkhy q dk Fhf 14-4úzú( A D) Cnmsqnk q k sdwstq k ah k onq sq mrudqr k: Ddrkhy q dk Fhf 14-4úzú( A D) Cnmsqnk q k sdwstq k ah k onq sq mrudqr k: Ddrkhy q dk Fhf 14-4úzú( A D) Cnmsqnk q k sdwstq k ah k onq sq mrudqr k: Ddrkhy q dk 
hmrsqtldmsn dm ch fnm k rnaqd k rtodqehbhd cd k bdq , cd qqha a in, cdrcd 
ldrh k chrs k, x ktdfn cdrcd chrs k ldrh k. ( d x e) Aí chq lhbqn sdwstq udqshb k ldrh k chrs k, x ktdfn cdrcd chrs k ldrh k. ( d x e) Aí chq lhbqn sdwstq udqshb k ldrh k chrs k, x ktdfn cdrcd chrs k ldrh k. ( d x e) Aí chq lhbqn sdwstq udqshb k 
cd fqhds r n q mtq r n  f qq r cd Wnkudqhmd.“
tm
C
lh
rh
qd
F
9C C C:78 0 C .44 . 3 4 61
.45
Imbhrhun k sdq k rtodqhnq
bqdrs . L cdoqdrhñm cdad r khq dm ch fnm k dmsqd k bqdrs x dk anqcd hmbhr k o q 
bqd q k  qts chrs k drb od.“ ( xn) L cdoqdrhñm bémftkn dr tm a in qdkhdud ptd bqd q k  qts chrs k drb od.“ ( xn) L cdoqdrhñm bémftkn dr tm a in qdkhdud ptd bqd q k  qts chrs k drb od.“ ( xn) L cdoqdrhñm bémftkn dr tm a in qdkhdud ptd 
l qb k rdo q bhñm dmsqd dk ldrh k l qfhm k x bqdrs r chrs k x dk bémftkn (rdfóm 
J m H siñ). 
Fhf 14-5úzú( x B) Cnlokds cn rtodqehbhd k ah k dwsdqm . ( b x c)Fhf 14-5úzú( x B) Cnlokds cn rtodqehbhd k ah k dwsdqm . ( b x c)Fhf 14-5úzú( x B) Cnlokds cn rtodqehbhd k ah k dwsdqm . ( b x c)Fhf 14-5úzú( x B) Cnlokds cn rtodqehbhd k ah k dwsdqm . ( b x c)Fhf 14-5úzú( x B) Cnlokds cn rtodqehbhd k ah k dwsdqm . ( b x c)Fhf 14-5úzú( x B) Cnlokds cn rtodqehbhd k ah k dwsdqm . ( b x c)Fhf 14-5úzú( x B) Cnlokds cn rtodqehbhd k ah k dwsdqm . ( b x c)
Nns cd k r eqnmsdq r cd k rtodqehbhd khmft k bnm dk C ldrh k, k S chrs k rtshk, k 
kémd bdquhb k ptd rhftd dk bdmhs fhmfhu k, x dk anqcd hmbhr k. ( lh) H bdq k bqdrs kémd bdquhb k ptd rhftd dk bdmhs fhmfhu k, x dk anqcd hmbhr k. ( lh) H bdq k bqdrs kémd bdquhb k ptd rhftd dk bdmhs fhmfhu k, x dk anqcd hmbhr k. ( lh) H bdq k bqdrs 
l qfhm k ldrh k drsqdbg x k qf ldch msd k chbhñm cd tm cdoqdrhñm chqhfhc 
g bh k eqnmsdq hmbhr k; drsd a in qdkhdud dr k  qts ldrh k drb od.“ ( e g) Cqdd k g bh k eqnmsdq hmbhr k; drsd a in qdkhdud dr k  qts ldrh k drb od.“ ( e g) Cqdd k g bh k eqnmsdq hmbhr k; drsd a in qdkhdud dr k  qts ldrh k drb od.“ ( e g) Cqdd k 
bqdrs l qfhm k chrs k, ptd dr tm onbn lÓr mbg x lÓr bnqs ptd k ldrh k 
tm
qd
rnk
rh
lh
g
C
F
xn
9C C C:78 0 C .45 . 3 4 61
/6- /6.
CAPÉTULO 14
Fhf 14-6üzü( A C) Ekhlhm q dk dwbdrn cd hchnl r o q qdudk q k enr khmft k. ( c f) Cqd q Fhf 14-6üzü( A C) Ekhlhm q dk dwbdrn cd hchnl r o q qdudk q k enr khmft k. ( c f) Cqd q Fhf 14-6üzü( A C) Ekhlhm q dk dwbdrn cd hchnl r o q qdudk q k enr khmft k. ( c f) Cqd q Fhf 14-6üzü( A C) Ekhlhm q dk dwbdrn cd hchnl r o q qdudk q k enr khmft k. ( c f) Cqd q Fhf 14-6üzü( A C) Ekhlhm q dk dwbdrn cd hchnl r o q qdudk q k enr khmft k. ( c f) Cqd q Fhf 14-6üzü( A C) Ekhlhm q dk dwbdrn cd hchnl r o q qdudk q k enr khmft k. ( c f) Cqd q Fhf 14-6üzü( A C) Ekhlhm q dk dwbdrn cd hchnl r o q qdudk q k enr khmft k. ( c f) Cqd q Fhf 14-6üzü( A C) Ekhlhm q dk dwbdrn cd hchnl r o q qdudk q k enr khmft k. ( c f) Cqd q 
knr rtqbnr khmft kdr udqshb kdr, ptd u cdrcd bémftkn k anqcd hmbhr k. ( g x h) Cnlokds cn knr rtqbnr khmft kdr udqshb kdr, ptd u cdrcd bémftkn k anqcd hmbhr k. ( g x h) Cnlokds cn knr rtqbnr khmft kdr udqshb kdr, ptd u cdrcd bémftkn k anqcd hmbhr k. ( g x h) Cnlokds cn 
k b q khmft k.
tm
qd
rnk
rh
lh
g
C
F
xn
N N N : .1 N /6- ./ -4 .5 .-72-
/6.
Imbhrhun k sdq k rtodqhnq
Fhf 14-7üzü( A I) Cnlokds cn hmbhrhun k sdq k rtodqhnq.Fhf 14-7üzü( A I) Cnlokds cn hmbhrhun k sdq k rtodqhnq.Fhf 14-7üzü( A I) Cnlokds cn hmbhrhun k sdq k rtodqhnq.Fhf 14-7üzü( A I) Cnlokds cn hmbhrhun k sdq k rtodqhnq.Fhf 14-7üzü( A I) Cnlokds cn hmbhrhun k sdq k rtodqhnq.Fhf 14-7üzü( A I) Cnlokds cn hmbhrhun k sdq k rtodqhnq.
tm
qd
rnk
rh
lh
g
C
F
xn
N N N : .1 N /6. ./ -4 .5 .-72.
/60/6/
15
N N N : .2 N /6/ ./ -4 .5 .-72.
b
mh
mn
 l
wh
k
q
/60
b mhmn rtodqhnq
b msn knmfhstchm k cd k bórohcd dr s lahçm lÍr bnqsn ptd dk rdfldmsn chrs k. Cnln qdrtks cn, 
k otms cd k bórohcd dr khfdq ldmsd g bh dk ldrh k. ( qd)k otms cd k bórohcd dr khfdq ldmsd g bh dk ldrh k. ( qd)
Rdctbhq k enql atb k ldch msd k cdehmhbhñm cd k ldrh k C. ( lh) Fnql dk S. chrs k rtshk ( F) Tdmf Rdctbhq k enql atb k ldch msd k cdehmhbhñm cd k ldrh k C. ( lh) Fnql dk S. chrs k rtshk ( F) Tdmf Rdctbhq k enql atb k ldch msd k cdehmhbhñm cd k ldrh k C. ( lh) Fnql dk S. chrs k rtshk ( F) Tdmf Rdctbhq k enql atb k ldch msd k cdehmhbhñm cd k ldrh k C. ( lh) Fnql dk S. chrs k rtshk ( F) Tdmf Rdctbhq k enql atb k ldch msd k cdehmhbhñm cd k ldrh k C. ( lh) Fnql dk S. chrs k rtshk ( F) Tdmf 
dm btdms ptd knr uhnmdr ldrh k x chrs k x shdmdm, cdrcd dk oqhmbhohn, tm oqnstadq mbh 
bçquhbn-hmbhr k ptd g bd ghmb ohç dm k btqu khfdq ldmsd ldrh khyñ.
Fhf 15-1üzü( x B) Cnmrsqthq dk aknptd cd bdq bnm tm dwbdrn cd k r chldmrhnmdr Fhf 15-1üzü( x B) Cnmrsqthq dk aknptd cd bdq bnm tm dwbdrn cd k r chldmrhnmdr Fhf 15-1üzü( x B) Cnmrsqthq dk aknptd cd bdq bnm tm dwbdrn cd k r chldmrhnmdr Fhf 15-1üzü( x B) Cnmrsqthq dk aknptd cd bdq bnm tm dwbdrn cd k r chldmrhnmdr Fhf 15-1üzü( x B) Cnmrsqthq dk aknptd cd bdq bnm tm dwbdrn cd k r chldmrhnmdr Fhf 15-1üzü( x B) Cnmrsqthq dk aknptd cd bdq bnm tm dwbdrn cd k r chldmrhnmdr 
atb k, khmft k, x hmbhr k. Ddi q ptd k bdq rd dmctqdyb .
(C) odqrodbshu atb k cdk aknptd cd bdq cdrotçr cd qdbnqs q dk dwbdrn. Tdmf dm btdms (C) odqrodbshu atb k cdk aknptd cd bdq cdrotçr cd qdbnqs q dk dwbdrn. Tdmf dm btdms 
ptd k b q atb k rd chuhcd dm cnr o qsdr onq tm kémd btqu ptd u cdrcd k otms cd k 
bórohcd g rs dk bdmhs fhmfhu k. Ek k cn ldrh k dr lÍr odptdín ptd dk k cn chrs k. Ek 
rdfldmsn ldrh k cd k
tm
C
lh
rh
qd
F
N N N : .2 N /60 ./ -4 .5 .-72.
/61 /62
CAPÉTULO 15
Fhf 15-2üzü( tm ) Rdctbhq k enql atb k x cdkhmd q k r rtodqehbhdr ok m r sq uçr cd k Fhf 15-2üzü( tm ) Rdctbhq k enql atb k x cdkhmd q k r rtodqehbhdr ok m r sq uçr cd k Fhf 15-2üzü( tm ) Rdctbhq k enql atb k x cdkhmd q k r rtodqehbhdr ok m r sq uçr cd k Fhf 15-2üzü( tm ) Rdctbhq k enql atb k x cdkhmd q k r rtodqehbhdrok m r sq uçr cd k Fhf 15-2üzü( tm ) Rdctbhq k enql atb k x cdkhmd q k r rtodqehbhdr ok m r sq uçr cd k Fhf 15-2üzü( tm ) Rdctbhq k enql atb k x cdkhmd q k r rtodqehbhdr ok m r sq uçr cd k 
cdehmhbhñm cd k ldrh k C, k S chrs k, k kémd bdquhb k, x k otms cd k bórohcd. ( a d) Rnmc cdehmhbhñm cd k ldrh k C, k S chrs k, k kémd bdquhb k, x k otms cd k bórohcd. ( a d) Rnmc cdehmhbhñm cd k ldrh k C, k S chrs k, k kémd bdquhb k, x k otms cd k bórohcd. ( a d) Rnmc 
cd knr Ímftknr x ehm khy q k enql cd k r Íqd r ok m r. Tdmf dm btdms knr Ímftknr 
cd k kémd cd sq mrhbhñm. ( e i) P q k sdwstq udqshb k l bqn, bqd q rtqbnr cd cd k kémd cd sq mrhbhñm. ( e i) P q k sdwstq udqshb k l bqn, bqd q rtqbnr cd cd k kémd cd sq mrhbhñm. ( e i) P q k sdwstq udqshb k l bqn, bqd q rtqbnr cd 
cdr qqnkkn. Ek rtqbn ldrh k rd c ltx bnqsn dk qdetdqyn drsqtbstq k dm dk atb k 
 uhdmsqd“ cdk b mhmn. L q mtq chrs k dr tm cdoqdrhñm cd mbgn x rtshk ptd rd 
dwshdmcd cdrcd dk rdfldmsn chrs k cd k bórohcd k o ohk chrs k. ( L r ekdbg r dwshdmcd cdrcd dk rdfldmsn chrs k cd k bórohcd k o ohk chrs k. ( L r ekdbg r 
ak mb r hmchb q k chqdbbhñm cd k hmrsqtldms bhñm.)ak mb r hmchb q k chqdbbhñm cd k hmrsqtldms bhñm.)
tm
C
lh
rh
qd
F
N N N : .2 N /61 ./ -4 .5 .-72.
/62
b mhmn rtodqhnq
rnk
xn
g
i
N N N : .2 N /62 ./ -4 .5 .-72.
/63 /64
CAPÉTULO 15
Fhf 15-3üzü( A D) L sdwstq l bqn gnqhynms k hmbktxd sqdr cdoqdrhnmdr lokh r x rtshkdr Fhf 15-3üzü( A D) L sdwstq l bqn gnqhynms k hmbktxd sqdr cdoqdrhnmdr lokh r x rtshkdr Fhf 15-3üzü( A D) L sdwstq l bqn gnqhynms k hmbktxd sqdr cdoqdrhnmdr lokh r x rtshkdr Fhf 15-3üzü( A D) L sdwstq l bqn gnqhynms k hmbktxd sqdr cdoqdrhnmdr lokh r x rtshkdr Fhf 15-3üzü( A D) L sdwstq l bqn gnqhynms k hmbktxd sqdr cdoqdrhnmdr lokh r x rtshkdr Fhf 15-3üzü( A D) L sdwstq l bqn gnqhynms k hmbktxd sqdr cdoqdrhnmdr lokh r x rtshkdr 
rhfthdmsdr tm sq xdbsnqh notdrs k kémd cd k bnqnm / q éy. ( E H) P q k sdwstq rhfthdmsdr tm sq xdbsnqh notdrs k kémd cd k bnqnm / q éy. ( E H) P q k sdwstq rhfthdmsdr tm sq xdbsnqh notdrs k kémd cd k bnqnm / q éy. ( E H) P q k sdwstq 
lhbqn gnqhynms k, k r drsqé r cd Rdsyhtr rhf tm sq xdbsnqh btqu o q kdk k kémd cd 
k bnqnm / q éy x rd utdkudm ldmnr btqu c x dmcdqdy q msdr cd k btqu stq rd 
hmuhdqsd dm dk dmenptd cd k otms cd k bórohcd.
tm
C
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rh
qd lh
rnk g
N N N : .2 N /63 ./ -4 .5 .-72.
/64
b mhmn rtodqhnq
Fhf 15-4üzü( A C) sdwstq lhbqn Vdqshb k hmbktxd fqhds r n q mtq r (  f qq r Wnkudqhmd“). Fhf 15-4üzü( A C) sdwstq lhbqn Vdqshb k hmbktxd fqhds r n q mtq r (  f qq r Wnkudqhmd“). Fhf 15-4üzü( A C) sdwstq lhbqn Vdqshb k hmbktxd fqhds r n q mtq r (  f qq r Wnkudqhmd“). Fhf 15-4üzü( A C) sdwstq lhbqn Vdqshb k hmbktxd fqhds r n q mtq r (  f qq r Wnkudqhmd“). Fhf 15-4üzü( A C) sdwstq lhbqn Vdqshb k hmbktxd fqhds r n q mtq r (  f qq r Wnkudqhmd“). Fhf 15-4üzü( A C) sdwstq lhbqn Vdqshb k hmbktxd fqhds r n q mtq r (  f qq r Wnkudqhmd“). 
( c e) Cnmsqnk q k sdwstq atb k onq bnqsdr sq mrudqr kdr; cdrkhbd dk hmrsqtldmsn s kk ( c e) Cnmsqnk q k sdwstq atb k onq bnqsdr sq mrudqr kdr; cdrkhbd dk hmrsqtldmsn s kk ( c e) Cnmsqnk q k sdwstq atb k onq bnqsdr sq mrudqr kdr; cdrkhbd dk hmrsqtldmsn s kk 
ch fnm kldmsd sq uçr cd k rtodqehbhd cd bdq , cd qqha a in, cdrcd ldrh k 
chrs k, x ktdfn cdrcd chrs k ldrh k.
tm
C
lh
rh
qd
F
N N N : .2 N /64 ./ -4 .5 .-72.
/65 /66
CAPÉTULO 15
Fhf 15-5üzü( tm ) Cnlokds cn bnmsnqmn atb k dwsdqm . ( rh) k b q khmft k bñmb u . ( b x c) Tdmf Fhf 15-5üzü( tm ) Cnlokds cn bnmsnqmn atb k dwsdqm . ( rh) k b q khmft k bñmb u . ( b x c) Tdmf Fhf 15-5üzü( tm ) Cnlokds cn bnmsnqmn atb k dwsdqm . ( rh) k b q khmft k bñmb u . ( b x c) Tdmf Fhf 15-5üzü( tm ) Cnlokds cn bnmsnqmn atb k dwsdqm . ( rh) k b q khmft k bñmb u . ( b x c) Tdmf Fhf 15-5üzü( tm ) Cnlokds cn bnmsnqmn atb k dwsdqm . ( rh) k b q khmft k bñmb u . ( b x c) Tdmf Fhf 15-5üzü( tm ) Cnlokds cn bnmsnqmn atb k dwsdqm . ( rh) k b q khmft k bñmb u . ( b x c) Tdmf Fhf 15-5üzü( tm ) Cnlokds cn bnmsnqmn atb k dwsdqm . ( rh) k b q khmft k bñmb u . ( b x c) Tdmf Fhf 15-5üzü( tm ) Cnlokds cn bnmsnqmn atb k dwsdqm . ( rh) k b q khmft k bñmb u . ( b x c) Tdmf Fhf 15-5üzü( tm ) Cnlokds cn bnmsnqmn atb k dwsdqm . ( rh) k b q khmft k bñmb u . ( b x c) Tdmf Fhf 15-5üzü( tm ) Cnlokds cn bnmsnqmn atb k dwsdqm . ( rh) k b q khmft k bñmb u . ( b x c) Tdmf 
dm btdms k qdctbbhñm cdk ok mn chrs k. Oardqud k kémd btqu , nqhdms cn cd l mdq chrs k, 
ptd chuhcd dk rodbsn khmft k dm cnr o qsdr: tm k cn ldrh k lÍr fq mcd x tm k cn chrs k lÍr 
odptdín. (Apté dr cnmcd k r ch onrhshu r b mhmnr l mchatk qdr dm knr b mhmnr.) ( E H) Cqd q odptdín. (Apté dr cnmcd k r ch onrhshu r b mhmnr l mchatk qdr dm knr b mhmnr.) ( E H) Cqd q odptdín. (Apté dr cnmcd k r ch onrhshu r b mhmnr l mchatk qdr dm knr b mhmnr.) ( E H) Cqd q 
k r bqdrs r l qfhm kdr khmft k ldch msd k chbhñm cd k r cdoqdrhnmdr ldrh k x chrs k 
chqhfhc r g bh k otms cd k bórohcd. 
tm
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rh C
lh
rnk g
N N N : .2 N /65 ./ -4 .5 .-72/
/66
b mhmn rtodqhnq
Fhf 15-6üzü( A C) Fnql k cdoqdrhñm bémftkn, tm a in qdkhdud ptd l qb k Fhf 15-6üzü( A C) Fnql k cdoqdrhñm bémftkn, tm a in qdkhdud ptd l qb k Fhf 15-6üzü( A C) Fnql k cdoqdrhñm bémftkn, tm a in qdkhdud ptd l qb k Fhf 15-6üzü( A C) Fnql k cdoqdrhñm bémftkn, tm a in qdkhdud ptd l qb k Fhf 15-6üzü( A C) Fnql k cdoqdrhñm bémftkn, tm a in qdkhdud ptd l qb k Fhf 15-6üzü( A C) Fnql k cdoqdrhñm bémftkn, tm a in qdkhdud ptd l qb k 
rdo q bhñm dmsqd dk bqdrs r l qfhm kdr ldrh k x chrs k, dk kñatkn bdmsq k, x dk 
bémftkn. ( c f) Ddr qqnkk q knr rtqbnr khmft kdr udqshb kdr.bémftkn. ( c f) Ddr qqnkk q knr rtqbnr khmft kdr udqshb kdr.bémftkn. ( c f) Ddr qqnkk q knr rtqbnr khmft kdr udqshb kdr.
tm
C
lh
rh
qd
F rnk
N N N : .2 N /66 ./ -4 .5 .-72/
0-- 0-.
CAPÉTULO 15
Fhf 15-7üzü( x B) Fhm khy q k b q khmft k, rt uhy mcn k sdwstq udqshb k. Ddrkhy q Fhf 15-7üzü( x B) Fhm khy q k b q khmft k, rt uhy mcn k sdwstq udqshb k. Ddrkhy q Fhf 15-7üzü( x B) Fhm khy q k b q khmft k, rt uhy mcn k sdwstq udqshb k. Ddrkhy q Fhf 15-7üzü( x B) Fhm khy q k b q khmft k, rt uhy mcn k sdwstq udqshb k. Ddrkhy q Fhf 15-7üzü( x B) Fhm khy q k b q khmft k, rt uhy mcn k sdwstq udqshb k. Ddrkhy q Fhf 15-7üzü( x B) Fhm khy q k b q khmft k, rt uhy mcn k sdwstq udqshb k. Ddrkhy q 
dk hmrsqtldmsn dm ch fnm k, cd qqha a in, cdrcd ldrh k chrs k, x uhbdudqr . ( b dk hmrsqtldmsn dm ch fnm k, cd qqha a in, cdrcd ldrh k chrs k, x uhbdudqr . ( b 
x c) Cqd q tm kñatkn chrs k cdmsqn cd k q mtq chrs k. ( lh) L cdehmhbhñm ehm k cd k x c) Cqd q tm kñatkn chrs k cdmsqn cd k q mtq chrs k. ( lh) L cdehmhbhñm ehm k cd k x c) Cqd q tm kñatkn chrs k cdmsqn cd k q mtq chrs k. ( lh) L cdehmhbhñm ehm k cd k x c) Cqd q tm kñatkn chrs k cdmsqn cd k q mtq chrs k. ( lh) L cdehmhbhñm ehm k cd k 
b q khmft k.
tm rh C
qd lh
N N N : .2 N 0-- ./ -4 .5 .-72/
0-.
b mhmn rtodqhnq
Fhf 15-8üzü( A I) Cnlokds cn bnmsnqmn b mhmn dwsdqmn.Fhf 15-8üzü( A I) Cnlokds cn bnmsnqmn b mhmn dwsdqmn.Fhf 15-8üzü( A I) Cnlokds cn bnmsnqmn b mhmn dwsdqmn.Fhf 15-8üzü( A I) Cnlokds cn bnmsnqmn b mhmn dwsdqmn.Fhf 15-8üzü( A I) Cnlokds cn bnmsnqmn b mhmn dwsdqmn.Fhf 15-8üzü( A I) Cnlokds cn bnmsnqmn b mhmn dwsdqmn.
tm rh C
C
F
qd lh
rnk g
N N N : .2 N 0-. ./ -4 .5 .-72/
0-0
chdbhrçhr
0-/
N N N : .3 N 0-/ /- ./ .5 .172-
Tç
bm
hb
 o
qn
fq
dr
hu
n 
o
q
 
l
wh
k
q 
ms
dq
hn
q D
hd
ms
dr
0-0
T|CNICA oqnfqdrhun o q l whk q msdqhnq DIENTES
Fhf 16-1üzü( tm ) Cnknptd knr oqdo q shunr. ( rh) Arhdmsn tm a rd cd bdq . ( b o q Fhf 16-1üzü( tm ) Cnknptd knr oqdo q shunr. ( rh) Arhdmsn tm a rd cd bdq . ( b o q Fhf 16-1üzü( tm ) Cnknptd knr oqdo q shunr. ( rh) Arhdmsn tm a rd cd bdq . ( b o q Fhf 16-1üzü( tm ) Cnknptd knr oqdo q shunr.( rh) Arhdmsn tm a rd cd bdq . ( b o q Fhf 16-1üzü( tm ) Cnknptd knr oqdo q shunr. ( rh) Arhdmsn tm a rd cd bdq . ( b o q Fhf 16-1üzü( tm ) Cnknptd knr oqdo q shunr. ( rh) Arhdmsn tm a rd cd bdq . ( b o q Fhf 16-1üzü( tm ) Cnknptd knr oqdo q shunr. ( rh) Arhdmsn tm a rd cd bdq . ( b o q Fhf 16-1üzü( tm ) Cnknptd knr oqdo q shunr. ( rh) Arhdmsn tm a rd cd bdq . ( b o q Fhf 16-1üzü( tm ) Cnknptd knr oqdo q shunr. ( rh) Arhdmsn tm a rd cd bdq . ( b o q 
lh) Ddehmhq dk ok mn k ah k oqhldqn bnm k bnknb bhñm cdk rnonqsd bdquhb k x knr lh) Ddehmhq dk ok mn k ah k oqhldqn bnm k bnknb bhñm cdk rnonqsd bdquhb k x knr 
Ímftknr cd k kémd cd sq mrhbhñm (k ldrh k C x chrs k 
S). Ersnr rnm sqdr cd knr bt sqn  l qbnr“ cd k bnqnm . ( F) Cnknb q k bnktlm cd S). Ersnr rnm sqdr cd knr bt sqn  l qbnr“ cd k bnqnm . ( F) Cnknb q k bnktlm cd S). Ersnr rnm sqdr cd knr bt sqn  l qbnr“ cd k bnqnm . ( F) Cnknb q k bnktlm cd 
rnonqsd bdmsq k. Oarçqudrd ptd dm dk b mhmn drsd btqu r cd bnktlm g bh k ldrh k, 
lhdmsq r ptd dm k bdmsq k x knr hmbhrhunr k sdq kdr rd onrhbhnm lÍr g bh dk bdmsqn.
tm
C
lh
rh
qd
F
N N N : .3 N 0-0 ./ -4 .5 ..723
0-1 0-2
CAPÉTULO 16
Fhf 16-2üzü( tm ) Vhrs khmft k. ( rh) Ek b mhmn rd chuhcd onq tm bnktlm btqu c k Fhf 16-2üzü( tm ) Vhrs khmft k. ( rh) Ek b mhmn rd chuhcd onq tm bnktlm btqu c k Fhf 16-2üzü( tm ) Vhrs khmft k. ( rh) Ek b mhmn rd chuhcd onq tm bnktlm btqu c k Fhf 16-2üzü( tm ) Vhrs khmft k. ( rh) Ek b mhmn rd chuhcd onq tm bnktlm btqu c k Fhf 16-2üzü( tm ) Vhrs khmft k. ( rh) Ek b mhmn rd chuhcd onq tm bnktlm btqu c k Fhf 16-2üzü( tm ) Vhrs khmft k. ( rh) Ek b mhmn rd chuhcd onq tm bnktlm btqu c k Fhf 16-2üzü( tm ) Vhrs khmft k. ( rh) Ek b mhmn rd chuhcd onq tm bnktlm btqu c k Fhf 16-2üzü( tm ) Vhrs khmft k. ( rh) Ek b mhmn rd chuhcd onq tm bnktlm btqu c k 
chrs k. ( C) Cnmdbs q k r bnktlm r udqshb kdr onq ldchn cd k hmbhr k  g y“ dm knr chrs k. ( C) Cnmdbs q k r bnktlm r udqshb kdr onq ldchn cd k hmbhr k  g y“ dm knr chrs k. ( C) Cnmdbs q k r bnktlm r udqshb kdr onq ldchn cd k hmbhr k  g y“ dm knr 
hmbhrhunr bdmsq kdr x k sdq kdr x cd k otms cd k bórohcd dm dk b mhmn. Ek l qbn cd k r 
bnqnm r dr bnlokds . ( qd)bnqnm r dr bnlokds . ( qd)
Cdqq q knr dro bhnr dmsqd k r bnktlm r x knr l qbnr o q bnlokds q k b q k ah k 
ok m . ( lh) Cqd q k r bqdrs r l qfhm kdr ldrh k x chrs k x  drb o q Íqd r“ qdkkdm mcn ok m . ( lh) Cqd q k r bqdrs r l qfhm kdr ldrh k x chrs k x  drb o q Íqd r“ qdkkdm mcn ok m . ( lh) Cqd q k r bqdrs r l qfhm kdr ldrh k x chrs k x  drb o q Íqd r“ qdkkdm mcn 
k rtodqehbhd khmft k.
tm
C
lh
rh
qd
N N N : .3 N 0-1 ./ -4 .5 ..724
0-2
T|CNICA oqnfqdrhun o q l whk q msdqhnq DIENTES
Fhf 16-3üzü( tm ) Cqd q dk bémftkn qdkkdm mcn k ynm bdquhb k. Fhf 16-3üzü( tm ) Cqd q dk bémftkn qdkkdm mcn k ynm bdquhb k. Fhf 16-3üzü( tm ) Cqd q dk bémftkn qdkkdm mcn k ynm bdquhb k. Fhf 16-3üzü( tm ) Cqd q dk bémftkn qdkkdm mcn k ynm bdquhb k. Fhf 16-3üzü( tm ) Cqd q dk bémftkn qdkkdm mcn k ynm bdquhb k. Fhf 16-3üzü( tm ) Cqd q dk bémftkn qdkkdm mcn k ynm bdquhb k. 
(rh) Rdkkdm q k rtodqehbhd khmft k.(rh) Rdkkdm q k rtodqehbhd khmft k.
tm
rh
N N N : .3 N 0-2 ./ -4 .5 ..724
0-3 0-4
CAPÉTULO 16
Fhf 16-4üzü( A L) Fhm khy q k r rtodqehbhdr k ah kdr / atb k x khmft k. Aí chq sdwstq Fhf 16-4üzü( A L) Fhm khy q k r rtodqehbhdr k ah kdr / atb k x khmft k. Aí chq sdwstq Fhf 16-4üzü( A L) Fhm khy q k r rtodqehbhdr k ah kdr / atb k x khmft k. Aí chq sdwstq Fhf 16-4üzü( A L) Fhm khy q k r rtodqehbhdr k ah kdr / atb k x khmft k. Aí chq sdwstq Fhf 16-4üzü( A L) Fhm khy q k r rtodqehbhdr k ah kdr / atb k x khmft k. Aí chq sdwstq Fhf 16-4üzü( A L) Fhm khy q k r rtodqehbhdr k ah kdr / atb k x khmft k. Aí chq sdwstq 
l bqn x lhbqn o q chktbhc q k hmbhcdmbh cd k kty dm chedqdmsdr Ímftknr.
tm
C
lh
rh
qd
F
N N N : .3 N 0-3 ./ -4 .5 ..724
0-4
T|CNICA oqnfqdrhun o q l whk q msdqhnq DIENTES
rnk
xn
j
g
i
k
N N N : .3 N 0-4 ./ -4 .5 ..724
0-6
17
0-5
N N N : .4 N 0-5 /- ./ .5 .172.
Sd
fl
dm
sn
 A
ms
dq
hn
q x
 
Ft
kk 
Aq
bg
 d
mb
dq
cn
r
0-6
Ddk rdfldmsn msdqhnq x qb c bnlokds dmbdq cnr
Fhf 17-1üzü( A C) uhrs r k ah kdr cd knr chdmsdr msdqhnqdr.Fhf 17-1üzü( A C) uhrs r k ah kdr cd knr chdmsdr msdqhnqdr.Fhf 17-1üzü( A C) uhrs r k ah kdr cd knr chdmsdr msdqhnqdr.Fhf 17-1üzü( A C) uhrs r k ah kdr cd knr chdmsdr msdqhnqdr.Fhf 17-1üzü( A C) uhrs r k ah kdr cd knr chdmsdr msdqhnqdr.Fhf 17-1üzü( A C) uhrs r k ah kdr cd knr chdmsdr msdqhnqdr.
tm
ba
N N N : .4 N 0-6 ./ -4 .5 ..724
0.- 0..
CAPÉTULO 17
Fhf 17-2üzü( tm ) bq mdnb tc k. ( rh) sdwstq cd k rtodqehbhd uhrhakd bnm tm uhrs cd odqehk cd 45 Fhf 17-2üzü( tm ) bq mdnb tc k. ( rh) sdwstq cd k rtodqehbhd uhrhakd bnm tm uhrs cd odqehk cd 45 Fhf 17-2üzü( tm ) bq mdnb tc k. ( rh) sdwstq cd k rtodqehbhd uhrhakd bnm tm uhrs cd odqehk cd 45 Fhf 17-2üzü( tm ) bq mdnb tc k. ( rh) sdwstq cd k rtodqehbhd uhrhakd bnm tm uhrs cd odqehk cd 45 Fhf 17-2üzü( tm ) bq mdnb tc k. ( rh) sdwstq cd k rtodqehbhd uhrhakd bnm tm uhrs cd odqehk cd 45 Fhf 17-2üzü( tm ) bq mdnb tc k. ( rh) sdwstq cd k rtodqehbhd uhrhakd bnm tm uhrs cd odqehk cd 45 Fhf 17-2üzü( tm ) bq mdnb tc k. ( rh) sdwstq cd k rtodqehbhd uhrhakd bnm tm uhrs cd odqehk cd 45 Fhf 17-2üzü( tm ) bq mdnb tc k. ( rh) sdwstq cd k rtodqehbhd uhrhakd bnm tm uhrs cd odqehk cd 45 
fq cnr. ( b f) uhrs r khmft kdr cd knr chdmsdr msdqhnqdr.fq cnr. ( b f) uhrs r khmft kdr cd knr chdmsdr msdqhnqdr.fq cnr. ( b f) uhrs r khmft kdr cd knr chdmsdr msdqhnqdr.
tm rh
CE 
qd
N N N : .4 N 0.- ./ -4 .5 ..724
0..
Ddk rdfldmsn msdqhnq x qb c bnlokds dmbdq cnr
F
rnk
N N N : .4 N 0.. ./ -4 .5 ..724
0./ 0.0
CAPÉTULO 17
Fhf 17-3üzü( x B) uhrs r khmft k cd knr k cnr cdqdbgn d hypthdqcn dm bnknq. ( b x c) Mhrlnr Fhf 17-3üzü( x B) uhrs r khmft k cd knr k cnr cdqdbgn d hypthdqcn dm bnknq. ( b x c) Mhrlnr Fhf 17-3üzü( x B) uhrs r khmft k cd knr k cnr cdqdbgn d hypthdqcn dm bnknq. ( b x c) Mhrlnr Fhf 17-3üzü( x B) uhrs r khmft k cd knr k cnr cdqdbgn d hypthdqcn dm bnknq. ( b x c) Mhrlnr Fhf 17-3üzü( x B) uhrs r khmft k cd knr k cnr cdqdbgn d hypthdqcn dm bnknq. ( b x c) Mhrlnr Fhf 17-3üzü( x B) uhrs r khmft k cd knr k cnr cdqdbgn d hypthdqcn dm bnknq. ( b x c) Mhrlnr Fhf 17-3üzü( x B) uhrs r khmft k cd knr k cnr cdqdbgn d hypthdqcn dm bnknq. ( b x c) Mhrlnr Fhf 17-3üzü( x B) uhrs r khmft k cd knr k cnr cdqdbgn d hypthdqcn dm bnknq. ( b x c) Mhrlnr 
otmsnr cd uhrs khmft k cd knr k cnr cdqdbgn d hypthdqcn dm ak mbn x mdfqn.
tm
rh
N N N : .4 N 0./ ./ -4 .5 ..724
0.0
Ddk rdfldmsn msdqhnq x qb c bnlokds dmbdq cnr
C
qd
N N N : .4 N 0.0 ./ -4 .5 ..724
0.1 0.2
CAPÉTULO 17
Fhf 17-4üzü( A F) L sçbmhb o q k bnmrsqtbbhñm cd knr chdmsdr hmedqhnqdr rhftd knr Fhf 17-4üzü( A F) L sçbmhb o q k bnmrsqtbbhñm cd knr chdmsdr hmedqhnqdr rhftd knr Fhf 17-4üzü( A F) L sçbmhb o q k bnmrsqtbbhñm cd knr chdmsdr hmedqhnqdr rhftd knr Fhf 17-4üzü( A F) L sçbmhb o q k bnmrsqtbbhñm cd knr chdmsdr hmedqhnqdr rhftd knr Fhf 17-4üzü( A F) L sçbmhb o q k bnmrsqtbbhñm cd knr chdmsdr hmedqhnqdr rhftd knr Fhf 17-4üzü( A F) L sçbmhb o q k bnmrsqtbbhñm cd knr chdmsdr hmedqhnqdr rhftd knr 
lhrlnr o rnr ptd knr tshkhy cnr o q knr chdmsdr rtodqhnqdr, odqn bnm ltbgn lÍr 
rtshk sdwstq l bqn x lhbqn.
tm
ba
N N N : .4 N 0.1 ./ -4 .5 ..724
0.2
Ddk rdfldmsn msdqhnq x qb c bnlokds dmbdq cnr
qd
Fd
N N N : .4 N 0.2 ./ -4 .5 ..725
0.3 0.4
CAPÉTULO 17
N N N : .4 N 0.3 ./ -4 .5 ..725
0.4
Ddk rdfldmsn msdqhnq x qb c bnlokds dmbdq cnr
N N N : .4 N 0.4 ./ -4 .5 ..725
0.5 0.6
CAPÉTULO 17
N N N : .4 N 0.5 ./ -4 .5 ..725
0.6
Ddk rdfldmsn msdqhnq x qb c bnlokds dmbdq cnr
N N N : .4 N 0.6 ./ -4 .5 ..725
0/.
LECTURA RECOMENDADA
N N N : .4 N 0/- ./ -4 .5 ..725
0/.
LECTURA RECOMENDADA
18. Ltmcddm HC. Imsqnctbbhñm k m snlé nbktr k. Ldwhmfsnm, Kdmstbjx: Ek 
tsnq,1969.
19. M fmd P, Bdkrdq U. Bnmcdc Pnqbdk m Rdrs tq bhñm dm k cdmshbhñm msdqhnq: tm 
dmenptd ahnlhlçshbn. Lnmcqdr: Qthmsdrrdmbd, 2002.
20. MbL qdm EA, C n PT. AmÍkhrhr cd k cdms ctq x dk chrdín drsçshbn: Ddmsqn cd Ocnmsnknfé 
2009; 5  dm k ynm .“: 46-48.
21. Mnsrbg A. AJUSTE Obktr k dl Ddmsdr N stq hr. S n P tkn: S msnr,
1990.
22. Ntmdr LJ. Pqhmbhohnr cd Obktrán Tçbmhb r cd bnqqdn dkdbsqñmhbn Embdq ldmsn Pqnfqdrrhun 
Erbtkstq . Rén cd J mdhqn: Gt m a q Knnf m, 1980.
23. Ojdrnm JP. Ftmc ldmsnr cd Obktrán d Ddrnqcdmr sdlonqn-l mchatk qdr, dc 2. 
S n P tkn: Aqsdr Mçchb r, 1992.
24. P f mh C, c Rnbg DM, S udcq NGAA, cd C qu kgn RF. Pqduhrhahkhc cd d Ersçshb : 
Um Ushkhy ãán g bdq qdrs tq cnq Emr hn (l ptds ) m Cnmrsqtãán c adkdy g bdq 
rnqqhrn. Em C kkdf qh A, Bqhsn d Dh r R (dcr). Erodbh khc cd dl Fnbn: Bdkdy cn 
Snqqhrn, unk 1. Nnu Ocdrr , Bq rhk: Echsnq N onkdán, 2013: 66-108.
25. R leinqc S, Arg MM. Obktrhñm, dc 3. Pghk cdkogh : S tmcdqr,
1983.
26. Rhpthdqh H. Embdq ldmsn d Erbtkstq P rrn P rrn dm Rd ahkhs ãán Ersçshb . 
Nnu Ocdrr , Bq rhk: N onkdán, 2012: 150-177.
27. Rtedm bgs CR. Ftmc ldmsnr cd k drsçshb . Cghb fn: Qthmsdrrdmbd, 1990.
28. S udcq NGAA, Rhpthdqh H, Nhrghc AC, Lty JN, Fq mbbh CE. H qlnmhy ãán g bdq 
rnqqhrn-Dn ok mdi ldmsn chfhs kdr bhldms ãán cd k lhm cnr bnl oqdo qn 
cdms k P qsd II. Ims J Ersgds Ddms 2016; 1: 206-225.
29. Sbnk uhmn S, P nknmd G, Oqrhmh G, Ddunsn W, Ptshfm mn A. L sçbmhb cd lncdk cn 
rhltksÍmdn: Chdqqd cd aqdbg r dm onrsdqhnqr [dm onqstftçr]. Ims J Ersgds Ddms 
2016; 11: 58-81.
30. Shlnm H, M fmd P. a r cn Ckémhb ldmsd bdq cd ch fmñrshbn o q tm drsçshb 
ñoshl : Ek ch fmñrshbn l ptds . J C khe Ddms Arrnb 2008; 36: 355-362.
31. Sghkkhmfatqf HT Jq, Hnan S, Wghsrdss LD, J bnah R, Bq bjdss SE. 
Ftmc ldmsnr cd Pqñsdrhr Fhi , dc 3. Cghb fn: Qthmsdrrdmbd, 1997.
32. Sn qdr C, S ms m c Shku J. Fnsnfq eh ncnmsnkñfhb bkémhb d cd k anq snqhn. Em: 
Aq mg C, Sn qdr C, S ms m c Shku J. Aclhmhrsq ãán d Fnsnfq eh , unk 7, rdqhd 
APDESP. S n P tkn: N onkdán, 2015: 34-113.
33. Ttq mn JC, Ttq mn LM. Ftmc ldmsnr cd Pqnsdrd sns k. Rén cd J mdhqn: 
Qthmsdrrdmbd, 1989.
34. Ua rrx G. AmÍkhrhr: L mtdu enql cd bnltmhb bhñm cdms k. Vhkk C qbhm , Is kh : Ek sq a in dm 
dpthon cd Mdchnr, 2000.
35. Vhdhq GF. Ask r cd Am snlé cd knr chdmsdr odql mdmsdr. S n P tkn: S msnr, 2005.
1. EH Amfkd. L bk rhehb bhñm cd k l knbktrhñm. Ddms Cnrlnr 1899; 41: 248-264.
2. Acnkeh D. drsçshb m stq k. C qknr cnr Rdhr (sq mr). Cghb fn: Qthmsdrrdmbd, 2002.
3. Acnkeh D, Sbnohm cd Amcq cd O, Vdqm yy GJ, Acnkeh MC. Pqnsnbnkn etmbhnm k x 
drsçshbn o q k qdg ahkhs bhñm nq k. Em: Dt qsd S Jq (dc). Qthms drdmbh cd 
Tdbmnknfé Ddms k 2013, unk 36. Cghb fn: Qthmsdrrdmbd, 2013: 139-161.
4. Acnkeh D, Acnkeh M. trn cd chedqdmsdr sdbmnknfé r x sçbmhb r cd k anq snqhn dm k 
qdbnmrsqtbbhñm cd qdg ahkhs bhnmdr sns kdr. Pqñsdrhr Nnshbh r 2015; 2: 409-426.
5. Um B sshrsdkkh, Sdudqhmn D, L M mm O. m sñlhbn etmbhnm k cd lncdk cn cd fdnldsqé : 
Mncdkk yhnmd Ddms kd N stq kd Cnchehb s . Vhkk C qbhm , Is kh : Ek sq a in dm dpthon cd 
Mdchnr cd 2010.
6. Bnsshmn MA, F qh R, cn Al q k JMBL, S udcq NGAA. Tdbmnknfé CAD / CAM m 
oqnsçshb Rd ahkhs ãán. Em: Ndsn AA, cd C rsdkktbbh B qanr L, B qqdsn MA, AA 
Mnqdhq . Ersçshb g bdq Snqqhrn dl Rd ahkhs ãán Pqnsçshb . Nnu Ocdrr , Bq rhk: 
Echsnq N onkdán, 2014: 158-203.
7. Bnsshmn MA, F qh R, V k mcqn LF. Pdqbdoãán Ersçshb dl Pqñsdrdr Lhuqdr cd lds k 
dl Ddmsdr N stq hr d Ilok msdr. S n P tkn: Aqsdr Mçchb r, 2009.
8. D vrnm PE. Au kh ãán, ch fmnrshbn d Tq s ldmsn cnr Pqnakdl r Obktr hr. S n 
P tkn: Aqsdr Mçchb r, 1980.
9. Ecv qcr B. Ek mtdun chatin dm dk k cn cdqdbgn cdk bdqdaqn, dc 3. Lnmcqdr: H qodq, 
2008.
10. Fq cd mh Rdg ahkhs bhñm Ersçshb M. dm Pqñsdrhr Fhi . Lnmcqdr: 
Qthmsdrrdmbd, 2004.
11. Fq mbbh CE, Rhpthdqh H, Nhrghc AC, S udcq NGAA. H qlnmhy ãán g bdq Snqqhrn-Dn 
ok mdi ldmsn chfhs kdr bhldms ãán cd k lhm cnr bnl oqdo qn cdms k: P qsd I. Ims 
J Ersgds Ddmsdchãán 2016; 1: 14-
33. 
12. Gúqdk G, Bhbg bgn N. qdrs tq bhnmdr oqnuhrhnm kdr cd ch fmñrshbn odql mdmsdr o q 
qdrtks cnr oqdcdbhakdr bt mcn dk qd itrsd cd k rnmqhr . Pq bs Pqnbdc Adrsgds Ddms 
2006; 18: 281-286.
13. H siñ J. Amsdqhnqdr: A Bdkdy m stq kdr DOS Ddmsdr Amsdqhnqdr. S n P tkn: S msnr, 
2008.
14. P. K mn Ddr eh msd N stq kdy : dmbdq cn Tçbmhb r dm Ersçshb x Obktrhñm 
Ftmbhnm k. Lnmcqdr: Qthmsdrrdmbd, 2011.
15. K mn P, X uhdq C, Fdqdmby JL, V m Dnnqdm E, Shku NRFA. L sçbmhb rgdkk 
m sñlhb : tm dmenptd o q ldinq q k oqduhrhahkhc c drsçshb cd k r 
qdrs tq bhnmdr CAD / CAM. Em: Dt qsd S Jq (dc). Qthms drdmbh cd Tdbmnknfé 
Ddms k 2013, unk 36. Cghb fn: Qthmsdrrdmbd, 2013: 27-37.
16. K s nj S, cd Nhrghltq Y. N stq kdy Mnqenknfé : Am Ask r cd enql cd chdmsd x k 
enql . S c m A (dc). Cghb fn: Qthmsdrrdmbd, 2002.
17. Chqhkn M, M Mnqdhq , C khbbghn L. A Aqpthsdstq cn Snqqhrn. S n P tkn: 
Qthmsdrrdmbd, 2012.
N N N : .4 N 0/. ./ -4 .5 ..725
N R N N N
8 R 
 BR R RM BR R RM
6 45-534 .244-0
6----
A 9C 645 - 534.2 44- 0
Ersd gdqlnrn sk r sq mrlhsd mn rñkn dk bnmnbhlhdmsn oqÍbshbn cd k m snlé cdms k, odqn s lahçm dk qsd cd k drbtkstq dm bdq . L 
m snlé hcd k cd b c drsqtbstq cdms k rd cdrbqhad dm cds kkd x k r sçbmhb r cd cdohk bhñm drsÍm ltx ahdm o rn o rn o q k qdedqdmbh 
uhrt k hktrsq . Ek tsnq cdltdrsq ptd onq b c b q bsdqérshb lnqenkñfhb g x tm dwokhb bhñm dm k m stq kdy , k rhfm bhñm cd 
hlonqs mbh b c b q bsdqérshb lhmtsnr cd k lnqenknfé cdms k. Oqf mhy cn onq dk chdmsd x dk qbn, drsd khaqn ud k lnqenknfé sq uçr cd 
tm kdmsd bkémhb x dm qdodshc r nb rhnmdr chati bnmdwhnmdr dmsqd k r b q bsdqérshb r m sñlhb r x bnmbdosnr bkémhbnr. Ek bnmnbhlhdmsn 
etmc ldms k rd oqdrdms dm drsd sdwsn dr drdmbh k o q k ldinq cd k r sçbmhb r cd cdohk bhñm bnm bdq x cd drbtkstq x rdqÍ óshk o q 
drstch msdr x drodbh khrs r.
CONTENIDO
1 Lnr o qÍldsqnr drsçshbnr x etmbhnm kdr cd knr chdmsdr onrsdqhnqdr1 Lnr o qÍldsqnr drsçshbnr x etmbhnm kdr cd knr chdmsdr onrsdqhnqdr
2 Pqhldq oqdlnk q2 Pqhldq oqdlnk q
3 Sdftmcn oqdlnk q l whk q3 Sdftmcn oqdlnk q l whk q
4 Pqhldq lnk q4 Pqhldq lnk q
5 Sdftmcn lnk q l whk q5 Sdftmcn lnk q l whk q
6 M whk q onrsdqhnq Ct cq msd6 M whk q onrsdqhnq Ct cq msd
7 Pqhldq oqdlnk q hmedqhnq7 Pqhldq oqdlnk q hmedqhnq
8 M mchatk q rdftmcn oqdlnk q8 M mchatk q rdftmcn oqdlnk q
9 Pqhldq lnk q9 Pqhldq lnk q
10 Sdftmcn lnk q l mchatk q10 Sdftmcn lnk q l mchatk q
11 M mchatk q onrsdqhnq Ct cq msd11 M mchatk q onrsdqhnq Ct cq msd
12 Lnr o qÍldsqnr drsçshbnr x etmbhnm kdr cd knr chdmsdr msdqhnqdr12 Lnr o qÍldsqnr drsçshbnr x etmbhnm kdr cd knr chdmsdr msdqhnqdr
13 Imbhrhun bdmsq k rtodqhnq13 Imbhrhun bdmsq k rtodqhnq
14 Imbhrhun k sdq k l whk q14 Imbhrhun k sdq k l whk q
15 b mhmn l whk q15 b mhmn l whk q
chdbhrçhr Tçbmhb oqnfqdrhun o q l whk q msdqhnq Dhdmsdrchdbhrçhr Tçbmhb oqnfqdrhun o q l whk q msdqhnq Dhdmsdr
17 Sdfldmsn Amsdqhnq x Ftkk Aqbg dmbdq cnr17 Sdfldmsn Amsdqhnq x Ftkk Aqbg dmbdq cnr
I HN N N N S N . ./ .. .5 .-716
N
N
N 8
R
 
 B
R
R
RM
N
N
N 8
R
 
 B
R
R
RM
N
N
N 8
R
 
 B
R
R
RM
N
N
N 8
R
 
 B
R
R
RM