Practice Makes Perfect Exploring vocab

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Copyright	©	2012	by	Gary	Robert	Muschla.	All	rights	reserved.	Except	as	permitted	under	the
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Contents
About	This	Book
Lesson	1:	Synonyms,	I
1.1	Fearsome	Sea	Creature
1.2	First	and	Last
1.3	A	Deadly	Sting
Lesson	2:	Synonyms,	II
2.1	Smart	Dogs
2.2	The	Name’s	the	Same
2.3	First	Named	Dinosaur
Lesson	3:	Antonyms,	I
3.1	Left-Handed	Animal
3.2	A	Tiny	Animal
3.3	Little	Birds
Lesson	4:	Antonyms,	II
4.1	An	Original	Name
4.2	Fleas
4.3	A	Colonial	First
Lesson	5:	Homographs,	I
5.1	A	Lethal	Creature
5.2	Hungry	Elephants
5.3	Sleepy	Mammals
Lesson	6:	Homographs,	II
6.1	Digesting	Food
6.2	A	Radio	First
6.3	New	World	Explorer
Lesson	7:	Homophones,	I
7.1	Your	Skin
7.2	An	Early	Writer	of	Horror
7.3	Volcanoes
Lesson	8:	Homophones,	II
8.1	A	High	Point
8.2	An	Unusual	Plant
8.3	After	the	Presidency
Lesson	9:	Easily	Confused	Words,	I
9.1	Alaska’s	State	Flag
9.2	Voyage	to	India
9.3	Over	the	Atlantic
Lesson	10:	Easily	Confused	Words,	II
10.1	Signer	of	the	Constitution	and	President
10.2	Early	Astronomer
10.3	Two	States
Lesson	11:	Easily	Confused	Words,	III
11.1	Trail	Marker
11.2	Doing	Without	Water
11.3	Space	Pioneer
Lesson	12:	Words	with	Latin	Roots,	I
12.1	To	the	South	Pole
12.2	First	to	Secede
12.3	Volleyball
Lesson	13:	Words	with	Latin	Roots,	II
13.1	A	Space	Term
13.2	Explorer	and	Captain
13.3	A	Milestone	Amendment
Lesson	14:	Words	with	Greek	Roots,	I
14.1	Our	National	Anthem
14.2	The	Five	Senses
14.3	Shadow	on	the	Earth
Lesson	15:	Words	with	Greek	Roots,	II
15.1	A	Not	Very	Smart	Dinosaur
15.2	Cat	Lovers
15.3	Tiny	Blood	Vessels
Lesson	16:	Prefixes,	I
16.1	The	Man	Who	Named	the	Dinosaurs
16.2	The	Powerful	Heart
16.3	A	Bright	Idea
Lesson	17:	Prefixes,	II
17.1	A	Grand	Biome
17.2	A	Bird	Group	Name
17.3	A	Famous	Animator
Lesson	18:	Suffixes,	I
18.1	Peanuts
18.2	Revolutionary	Sea	Captain
18.3	A	Fast	Dinosaur
Lesson	19:	Suffixes,	II
19.1	Heading	South
19.2	A	Young	Author
19.3	Colony	Founder
Lesson	20:	Descriptive	Words,	I
20.1	Vermont
20.2	A	First	for	the	Colonies
20.3	Measuring	the	Clouds
Lesson	21:	Descriptive	Words,	II
21.1	Colony	for	Religious	Freedom
21.2	A	Colonial	Newspaper
21.3	The	Tallest	Dinosaur
Lesson	22:	Descriptive	Words,	III
22.1	An	Animal	Scientist
22.2	A	Famous	Author
22.3	A	Deep	Summertime	Sleep
Lesson	23:	Descriptive	Words,	IV
23.1	Planet	Sizes
23.2	States	of	Matter
23.3	Falling	Water
Lesson	24:	Compound	Words,	I
24.1	Dinosaur	Time
24.2	The	Nation’s	Capital
24.3	A	President’s	False	Teeth
Lesson	25:	Compound	Words,	II
25.1	The	American	Flag
25.2	A	State	Name
25.3	Reading	of	the	Declaration	of	Independence
Lesson	26:	Words	Based	on	Names
26.1	Planets	of	Our	Solar	System
26.2	First	Balloon	Flight	in	America
26.3	A	Renewable	Form	of	Energy
Lesson	27:	Portmanteau	Words
27.1	Breathing
27.2	Inventor	of	the	Dishwasher
27.3	A	Prairie	Author
Lesson	28:	Clipped	Words
28.1	Life	in	the	Sea
28.2	Named	for	a	Queen
28.3	Parts	of	the	Earth
Lesson	29:	Words	from	Other	Languages,	I
29.1	A	Colonial	Tune
29.2	A	Special	Means	of	Communication
29.3	Salesman	for	a	Silly	Toy
Lesson	30:	Words	from	Other	Languages,	II
30.1	Making	Driving	Safer
30.2	A	Folk	Hero
30.3	Delaware’s	Name
Lesson	31:	Contractions
31.1	A	New	State
31.2	Making	a	Good	Thing	Better
31.3	Colonial	Protest
Lesson	32:	Words	for	Readers	and	Writers
32.1	A	Bolt	of	Lightning
32.2	Primary	and	Secondary	Colors
32.3	Memphis
Lesson	33:	Math	Words
33.1	Dinosaur	Playground
33.2	Food	and	Fuel
33.3	Montana
Lesson	34:	Geography	Words
34.1	Fossil	Fuels
34.2	A	Math	Helper
34.3	Daffy	Duck
Lesson	35:	Social	Studies	Words
35.1	Rings	Around	the	Planets
35.2	A	Very	Young	Author
35.3	First	Inauguration
Lesson	36:	Science	Words
36.1	Your	Blood
36.2	A	Crop	Scientist
36.3	A	Tiny	Tree
Lesson	37:	Health	Words
37.1	Husband	and	Wife	Scientists
37.2	Nobel	Prize	for	a	President
37.3	The	Red	Planet
Lesson	38:	Time	Words
38.1	Utah
38.2	The	First	American	Dictionary
38.3	A	Tasty	Treat
Lesson	39:	School	Words,	I
39.1	Towering	Clouds
39.2	Inventor	of	a	Hearing	Aid
39.3	A	Long	Trip
Lesson	40:	School	Words,	II
40.1	Arizona
40.2	A	Special	Map
40.3	A	Horseback	Rider
Word	List
Answer	Key
About	This	Book
Words	are	the	foundation	of	reading,	speaking,	and	writing.	It	is	through	words	that	we	share
ideas	and	learn	new	things.	Your	understanding	and	use	of	words—your	vocabulary—relate
directly	to	learning.	Students	who	have	rich	vocabulariesusually	do	better	in	school	than	students
whose	vocabularies	are	poor.
The	lessons	in	this	book	provide	more	than	450	words	that	are	found	in	fourth-	and	fifth-grade
curriculums.	The	definitions	of	these	words	include	more	words	that	can	expand	your	vocabulary
even	further.	Many	of	the	words	throughout	this	book	appear	on	standardized	tests.
Practice	Makes	Perfect:	Exploring	Vocabulary	can	be	a	helpful	resource	for	learning	the
meanings	and	uses	of	words.	It	can	be	used	by	both	students	and	teachers.	Students	(working
alone	or	with	their	parents)	can	complete	the	lessons,	while	teachers	will	find	the	materials	of
the	book	useful	for	classroom	instruction.
Having	a	broad	vocabulary	is	a	key	to	being	successful	in	school	and	beyond.	It	is	my	hope
that	this	book	will	make	your	study	of	vocabulary	an	enjoyable	experience.
How	to	Use	This	Book
Practice	Makes	Perfect:	Exploring	Vocabulary	contains	40	lessons.	Each	lesson	focuses	on	a
particular	type	of	word	or	word	group.	Each	includes	a	list	of	words	and	three	practice
worksheets.	An	alphabetical	list	of	the	words	in	the	lessons	and	an	answer	key	for	the	worksheets
conclude	the	book.
The	first	two	pages	of	each	lesson	present	words	you	should	know.	Most	lessons	present	10
words,	but	a	few	present	more.	For	most	lessons,	words	are	shown	with	their	part	of	speech,
definition,	and	a	sample	sentence.	A	Vocabulary	Tip	is	also	included.	You	should	study	the	list	of
words	and	their	definitions	for	each	lesson	before	trying	to	do	the	worksheets.	If	any	words	in	the
definitions	are	new	to	you,	use	your	dictionary	to	check	the	meanings	of	those	new	words.
Learning	these	words,	along	with	the	words	presented	in	the	lesson,	will	expand	your	vocabulary
greatly.
The	worksheets	are	designed	to	make	learning	vocabulary	easy	and	fun.	Each	worksheet
begins	with	a	question	that	you	can	answer	by	completing	the	worksheet	correctly.	Try	to
complete	the	worksheets	without	looking	back	at	the	definitions	of	the	list	words.	Look	back	only
if	you	need	help.
Completing	the	worksheets	in	this	book	will	help	you	to	build	your	vocabulary.	But	there	are
many	other	ways	you	can	learn	new	words	and	their	meanings:
•	Read.	Reading	builds	vocabulary.	Read	different	kinds	of	selections:	novels,	short	stories,
nonfiction	books,	and	magazines.	Make	reading	a	habit.
•	Use	context	clues	to	find	the	meanings	of	new	words.	You	can	often	figure	out	the	meaning	of
a	word	by	the	way	it	is	used	in	a	sentence.	Look	for	clues	in	the	following:
	Examples	that	give	the	meaning	of	a	new	word
	Familiar	words	and	phrases	that	hint	at	the	meaning	of	a	new	word
	Phrases	after	new	words	that	contain	their	definitions
	Synonyms	and	antonyms	that	help	you	understand	the	meaning	of	new	words
•	When	necessary,	use	a	dictionary	to	find	the	meanings	of	new	words.
•	When	you	learn	a	new	word,	note	if	it	has	multiple	meanings.	Many	words	do.	Try	to	learn
the	different	meanings	of	new	words.
•	Learn	the	meanings	of	prefixes	and	suffixes.	Prefixes	and	suffixes	alter	the	meanings	of
words.	Use	your	understanding	of	prefixes	and	suffixes	to	help	you	understand	the	meanings
of	the	words	to	which	they	are	attached.
•	When	you	learn	a	new	word,	repeat	it	and	its	meaning	silently	to	yourself.	Think	of	how	the
word	is	related	to	other	words.	This	will	help	you	to	remember	it.
•	Think	of	a	new	word’s	synonyms	and	antonyms.	This	will	broaden	your	understanding	of	the
word.
•	Write	down	new	words	and	their	meanings	in	a	“New	Words”	notebook.	Review	your
notebook	from	time	to	time	to	refresh	your	memory.
•	Use	a	thesaurus	to	find	the	synonyms	of	words.
•	Do	word	games	such	as	crossword	puzzles.
•	Look	for	new	words	wherever	you	go,	every	day,	and	in	every	subject	in	school.
As	soon	as	you	learn	new	words,	make	them	a	part	of	your	vocabulary.	Use	them	in	your
speaking,	reading,	and	writing.
LESSON	1	Synonyms,	I
A	synonym	is	a	word	that	has	the	same	or	about	the	same	meaning	as	another	word.
1.	gigantic	(adj):	big;	huge;	massive
Many	dinosaurs	were	gigantic	creatures.
2.	liberty	(n):	freedom;	independence
The	colonists	fought	for	liberty	during	the	Revolutionary	War.
3.	outstanding	(adj):	noteworthy;	famous;	important
Jason	made	an	outstanding	catch	in	the	baseball	game.
4.	awkward	(adj):	clumsy;	ungraceful
Maria	felt	awkward	learning	the	new	dance.
5.	common	(adj):	usual;	frequent
Freezing	temperatures	are	common	in	winter.
6.	cute	(adj):	pretty;	attractive
Everyone	loved	the	cute	little	kitten.
7.	entire	(adj):	whole;	complete
We	spent	our	entire	vacation	in	Florida.
8.	divide	(v):	separate;	split
We	will	divide	the	bill	for	lunch	equally.
9.	startle	(v):	alarm;	frighten
Lightning	and	thunder	will	startle	the	puppy.
10.	comical	(adj):	funny;	amusing
The	clown’s	act	was	comical.
Vocabulary	Tip
A	thesaurus	is	an	excellent	resource	for	finding	synonyms.
1.1	Fearsome	Sea	Creature
This	sea	creature	is	one	of	the	world’s	most	fearsome	predators.	What	is	it?
To	answer	the	question,	match	each	word	on	the	left	with	its	synonym	on	the	right.	Write	the
letter	of	each	answer	in	the	space	above	the	word’s	number	at	the	bottom	of	the	page.	You	will
need	to	divide	the	letters	into	words.
1.2	First	and	Last
This	American	colony	was	the	first	to	declare	its	independence	from	Great	Britain	in	1776.	It
was	also	the	last	of	the	original	13	colonies	to	ratify	the	Constitution	in	1790.	What	was	the	name
of	this	colony?
To	answer	the	question,	complete	each	sentence	with	the	correct	word.	Choose	your	answers
from	the	words	after	the	sentences.	Write	the	letter	of	each	answer	in	the	space	above	its	sentence
number	at	the	bottom	of	the	page.	You	will	need	to	divide	the	letters	into	words.	One	letter	is
provided.
1.	Americans	fought	the	Revolutionary	War	to	gain	their	_____.
2.	The	baby	hugged	the	_____	little	teddy	bear.
3.	Susan	was	named	student	writer	of	the	month	for	her	_____	story.
4.	We	laughed	throughout	the	_____	TV	show.
5.	Hot	summers	are	_____	in	Arizona.
6.	Because	of	heavy	traffic,	we	spent	the	_____	day	driving	to	grandmother’s	house.
7.	The	little	boy	planned	to	_____	his	mother	with	the	frog.
8.	The	puppy’s	first	steps	were	_____,	and	he	quickly	stumbled.
9.	The	teacher	instructed	her	students	to	_____	into	groups.
10.	Compared	with	mice,	elephants	are	_____	animals.
Answers
L.	gigantic
A.	liberty
N.	common
H.	awkward
S.	outstanding
O.	cute
I.	entire
R.	divide
D.	startle
E.	comical
1.3	A	Deadly	Sting
This	creature	lives	in	the	waters	north	of	Australia.	Its	tentacles	can	grow	to	be	15	feet	(5	meters)
long,	and	its	sting	can	be	deadly.	What	is	it?
To	answer	the	question,	read	each	sentence	below.	Replace	each	underlined	word	with	its
synonym.	Choose	your	answers	from	the	words	after	each	sentence.	Write	the	letter	of	each
answer	in	the	space	above	its	sentence	number	at	the	bottom	of	the	page.	Some	letters	are
provided.
1.	The	Pacific	Ocean,	the	largest	ocean	on	earth,	is	gigantic.
S.	deep
O.	huge
T.	noteworthy
2.	We	will	divide	the	cards	into	groups.
U.	complete
I.	count
E.	separate
3.	Thunderstorms	are	common	during	this	time	of	year.
P.	famous
S.	powerful
Y.	usual
4.	Judy	Blume	is	one	of	the	most	outstanding	writers	of	children’s	books.
A.	frequent
I.	famous
E.	complete
5.	We	ate	the	entire	pizza	ourselves.
F.	whole
P.	big
W.	tasty
6.	Tripping	on	your	untied	shoelaces	is	an	awkward	moment.
G.	massive
X.	ungraceful
T.	amusing
7.	The	rebels	fought	for	liberty	during	the	war.
E.	wealth
D.	power
J.	freedom
8.	The	baby	was	cute	in	her	Halloween	costume.
L.	pretty
T.	silly
P.	smiling
9.	The	sudden	sound	of	a	smoke	alarm	will	startle	anyone.
T.	wake
D.	call
H.	alarm
10.	The	silly	puppy’s	playful	actions	were	comical.
T.	interesting
B.	amusing
R.	ungraceful
LESSON	2	Synonyms,	II
A	synonym	is	a	word	that	has	the	same	or	about	the	same	meaning	as	another	word.
1.	immense	(adj):	vast;	tremendous;	gigantic
Mount	Everest,	the	highest	mountain	in	the	world,	is	immense.
2.	powerful	(adj):	strong;	mighty
The	powerful	storm	causedgreat	destruction.
3.	rage	(n):	anger;	fury;	wrath
The	rage	of	the	storm	was	frightening.
4.	remain	(v):	stay;	wait;	to	continue	in	the	same	state
Tara	must	remain	in	bed	as	long	as	she	has	a	fever.
5.	conflict	(n):	struggle;	battle;	fight;	war
The	conflict	between	the	two	countries	lasted	for	years.
6.	marvelous	(adj):	wonderful;	astonishing;	extraordinary
Jason	enjoyed	a	marvelous	show	at	the	planetarium.
7.	tiny	(adj):	small;	little
A	flea	is	so	tiny	that	it	is	difficult	to	see.
8.	revise	(v):	rewrite;	change;	alter
Professional	authors	always	revise	their	work.
9.	ferocious	(adj):	savage;	fierce;	cruel
The	ferocious	dragon	attacked	the	village.
10.	boundary	(n):	border;	edge;	margin
The	Rio	Grande	is	a	river	that	serves	as	the	boundary	between	the	United	States	and	Mexico.
Vocabulary	Tip
Learning	the	synonyms	of	words	is	an	excellent	way	to	improve	your	vocabulary.
2.1	Smart	Dogs
Many	dog	breeders	agree	that	these	two	dogs	are	the	smartest	of	all	breeds.	One	is	the	Jack
Russell	terrier.	What	is	the	other?
To	answer	the	question,	find	the	synonym	of	each	word	below.	Choose	your	answers	from	the
choices	that	follow	each	word.	Write	the	letter	of	each	answer	in	the	space	above	its	line	number
at	the	bottom	of	the	page.	One	letter	is	provided.
1.	tiny:
R.	little
S.	average
Y.	large
2.	powerful:
E.	wonderful
O.	strong
I.	nice
3.	ferocious:
S.	slow
I.	savage
E.	light
4.	remain:
I.	leave
E.	stay
A.	hurry
5.	marvelous:
D.	frightful
G.	dangerous
S.	wonderful
6.	rage:
O.	tough
H.	thoughtful
C.	anger
7.	revise:
T.	change
L.	begin
P.	finish
8.	immense:
S.	calm
R.	divide
B.	vast
9.	boundary:
H.	border
D.	outside
N.	line
10.	conflict:
P.	think
L.	fight
T.	discover
2.2	The	Name’s	the	Same
Portland	is	the	largest	city	in	two	states	of	the	United	States.	What	are	these	states?
To	answer	the	question,	read	each	sentence	below.	Replace	each	underlined	word	with	its
synonym.	Choose	your	answers	from	the	words	after	the	each	sentence.	Write	the	letter	of	each
answer	in	the	space	above	its	sentence	number	at	the	bottom	of	the	page.	You	will	need	to	divide
the	letters	into	words.	Some	letters	are	provided.
1.	The	king’s	rage	at	the	bad	news	was	terrifying	to	his	people.
A.	roar
E.	anger
O.	frown
2.	I	had	to	revise	my	story	three	times	before	I	was	happy	with	it.
N.	research
U.	illustrate
R.	rewrite
3.	A	fence	marks	the	boundary	between	our	yard	and	our	neighbor’s	yard.
A.	border
U.	garden
O.	conflict
4.	Mark	decided	to	remain	in	the	library	until	his	mother	came	to	pick	him	up.
I.	read
A.	stay
E.	study
5.	The	rocket’s	powerful	engines	lifted	it	into	space.
O.	mighty
U.	noisy
R.	fantastic
6.	A	tsunami	can	grow	to	be	an	immense	wave	and	cause	great	destruction.
S.	alarming
E.	ocean
I.	gigantic
7.	We	had	a	marvelous	time	at	the	party.
N.	wonderful
D.	interesting
S.	boring
8.	It	was	hard	to	believe	that	the	tiny	puppy	would	one	day	grow	to	be	a	Saint	Bernard.
J.	cute
M.	small
R.	cuddly
9.	With	a	ferocious	snarl,	the	monster	came	toward	us.
P.	mysterious
G.	fierce
S.	gigantic
10.	The	argument	quickly	led	to	a	conflict.
N.	margin
D.	fight
K.	rage
2.3	First	Named	Dinosaur
Megalosaurus	was	a	large,	meat-eating	dinosaur.	It	was	the	first	dinosaur	to	be	given	a	scientific
name.	An	Englishman	named	it	in	1824.	Who	was	he?
To	answer	the	question,	complete	each	sentence	with	the	correct	word.	Choose	your	answers
from	the	words	after	the	sentences.	Write	the	letter	of	each	answer	in	the	space	above	its	sentence
number	at	the	bottom	of	the	page.	One	letter	is	provided.
1.	We	decided	to	_____	at	Walt	Disney	World	for	two	more	days.
2.	Rashid	must	_____	his	report.
3.	The	town	stood	in	the	shadow	of	the	_____	mountain.
4.	The	_____	between	Canada	and	the	lower	48	states	of	the	United	States	is	3,987	miles
(6,416	kilometers)	long.
5.	Conner	was	able	to	see	Jupiter	through	the	_____	telescope.
6.	Mice	can	squeeze	through	_____	holes.
7.	Every	good	story	has	_____	between	the	hero	and	the	villain.
8.	The	little	boy’s	sudden	_____	was	calmed	as	soon	as	he	got	his	own	way.
9.	The	lion’s	_____	growl	caused	the	herd	of	zebras	to	run.
10.	The	graceful	dancers	put	on	a	_____	show.
Answers
K.	immense
N.	powerful
D.	rage
A.	remain
L.	conflict
B.	marvelous
C.	revise
W.	ferocious
I.	tiny
M.	boundary
LESSON	3	Antonyms,	I
An	antonym	is	a	word	that	has	the	opposite,	or	nearly	opposite,	meaning	of	another	word.
1.	failure	(n):	defeat;	not	being	successful
Antonyms:	success;	triumph;	achievement
The	team’s	failure	to	follow	their	game	plan	led	to	the	loss	of	the	championship.
2.	firm	(adj):	hard;	solid;	steady
Antonyms:	soft;	unstable
The	foundation	for	the	stage	was	firm.
3.	dangerous	(adj):	unsafe;	harmful
Antonyms:	safe;	harmless
The	old	wooden	bridge	looked	dangerous.
4.	inexpensive	(adj):	cheap;	costing	little;	of	poor	quality
Antonyms:	expensive;	costly
Because	of	the	big	sale,	all	of	the	DVDs	were	inexpensive.
5.	obey	(v):	to	follow	orders;	to	heed
Antonyms:	disobey;	defy;	ignore
It	is	important	to	obey	safety	rules.
6.	argue	(v):	to	disagree;	to	quarrel;	to	dispute
Antonyms:	agree;	accept;	consent
Lisa	and	her	sister	sometimes	argue	over	silly	things.
7.	doubt	(v):	to	be	unsure;	to	question;	to	disbelieve
Antonyms:	believe;	trust
With	the	warm	temperatures,	I	doubt	it	will	snow.
8.	special	(adj):	unusual;	rare;	uncommon
Antonyms:	common;	usual
In	our	family,	birthdays	are	special	days.
9.	avoid	(v):	to	stay	away	from;	to	keep	out	of	the	way	of;	to	dodge
Antonyms:	meet;	welcome;	face
Using	sunscreen	is	a	way	to	avoid	sunburn.
10.	spacious	(adj):	roomy;	ample;	sizable
Antonyms:	cramped;	crowded;	small
Our	hotel	room	was	spacious	and	comfortable.
Vocabulary	Tip
Along	with	synonyms,	a	thesaurus	often	contains	antonyms	of	words.
3.1	Left-Handed	Animal
Just	like	people,	animals	may	be	right-handed	or	left-handed	(or	right-pawed	or	left-pawed).
Many	wildlife	experts	believe	that	all	members	of	a	certain	species	are	left-handed.	What	are
these	animals?
To	answer	the	question,	find	the	meaning	of	each	word	below.	Choose	your	answers	from	the
choices	that	follow	each	word.	Write	the	letter	of	each	answer	in	the	space	above	its	line	number
at	the	bottom	of	the	page.	You	will	need	to	divide	the	letters	into	words.
1.	special:
A.	kind
E.	unusual
U.	element
2.	firm:
R.	solid
T.	heavy
D.	support
3.	obey:
E.	compare
A.	heed
O.	break
4.	failure:
Y.	believe
I.	example
A.	defeat
5.	avoid:
D.	strike
N.	gather
S.	dodge
6.	dangerous:
O.	harmful
I.	result
H.	enjoyable
7.	spacious:
E.	thoughtful
R.	roomy
T.	small
8.	doubt:
H.	honesty
S.	humor
B.	disbelieve
9.	inexpensive:
L.	cheap
E.	sale
O.	tough
10.	argue:
S.	awful
P.	disagree
T.	agree
3.2	A	Tiny	Animal
This	little	mammal	weighs	about	the	same	as	a	dime.	It	is	generally	thought	to	be	the	smallest
mammal	in	North	America.	What	is	it?
To	answer	the	question,	match	each	word	on	the	left	with	its	antonym	on	the	right.	Write	the
letter	of	each	answer	in	the	space	above	the	word’s	number	at	the	bottom	of	the	page.
3.3	Little	Birds
Hummingbirds	are	the	smallest	of	all	birds.	They	are	so	small	that	one	of	their	enemies	is	an
insect.	What	is	the	name	of	this	insect?
To	answer	the	question,	correct	the	sentences	by	replacing	each	underlined	word	with	its
antonym.	Choose	your	answers	from	the	words	after	the	sentences.	Write	the	letter	of	each
answer	in	the	space	above	its	sentence	number	at	the	bottom	of	the	page.
1.	The	inexpensive	ring	sparkled	in	the	light.
2.	It	is	safe	to	drive	on	icy	roads.
3.	After	the	heavy	rain,	the	ground	was	firm.
4.	Puppies	must	learn	to	ignore	the	commands	of	their	owners.
5.	The	launch	of	the	new	spacecraft	was	a	failure.
6.	The	students	were	surprised	by	the	usual	announcement	in	the	middle	of	the	day.
7.	The	rooms	of	their	new	home	were	small.
8.	Tonya	was	excited	to	avoid	her	new	baby	sister.
9.	Tom	and	his	brother	get	along	well	and	usually	argue	a	lot.
10.	Having	plenty	of	evidencethat	he	stole	the	bicycle,	the	police	officers	believe	the	thief’s
claim	of	innocence.
Answers
Y.	obey
N.	soft
T.	costly
S.	special
P.	agree
M.	doubt
G.	meet
R.	dangerous
I.	spacious
A.	success
LESSON	4	Antonyms,	II
An	antonym	is	a	word	that	has	the	opposite,	or	nearly	opposite,	meaning	of	another	word.
1.	humorous	(adj):	funny;	amusing;	comical
Antonyms:	serious;	grave;	stern
We	laughed	through	much	of	the	humorous	movie.
2.	courageous	(adj):	brave;	fearless
Antonyms:	cowardly;	fearful;	timid
The	courageous	knight	saved	the	princess.
3.	interesting	(adj):	being	able	to	hold	one’s	attention;	engaging
Antonyms:	boring;	dull;	uninteresting
I	could	not	stop	reading	because	the	book	was	so	interesting.
4.	delightful	(adj):	enjoyable;	pleasant;	pleasing
Antonyms:	unpleasant;	distasteful
We	had	a	delightful	trip	to	the	city	and	cannot	wait	to	return.
5.	destroy	(v):	to	ruin;	to	wreck;	to	tear	down
Antonyms:	create;	make;	build
The	incoming	tide	will	destroy	the	sand	castle.
6.	gather	(v):	to	bring	together;	to	collect
Antonyms:	separate;	scatter
We	had	to	gather	materials	for	our	project.
7.	polite	(adj):	courteous;	having	good	manners
Antonyms:	rude;	discourteous;	fresh
Everyone	at	the	meeting	was	friendly	and	polite.
8.	agree	(v):	to	consent;	to	accept
Antonyms:	reject;	deny;	refuse;	disagree
Jonathan	and	Thomas	agree	on	a	name	for	their	puppy.
9.	loyalty	(n):	devotion;	faithfulness
Antonyms:	disloyalty;	treachery
The	soldiers	showed	great	loyalty	to	their	commander.
10.	nonsense	(n):	foolishness;	silliness;	something	that	does	not	make	sense
Antonyms:	sense;	basics;	logic
Uncle	Bill	believes	that	stories	of	beings	from	other	planets	are	nonsense.
Vocabulary	Tip
Understanding	the	antonyms	of	words	expands	your	vocabulary.
4.1	An	Original	Name
The	Portuguese	explorer	Ferdinand	Magellan	named	the	Pacific	Ocean	in	1520.	What	was	the
original	meaning	of	the	Pacific	Ocean’s	name?
To	answer	the	question,	complete	each	sentence	with	the	correct	word.	Choose	your	answers
from	the	words	after	each	sentence.	Write	the	letter	of	each	answer	in	the	space	above	its
sentence	number	at	the	end	of	the	exercise.	You	will	need	to	divide	the	letters	into	words.	One
letter	is	provided.
1.	The	program	about	volcanoes	was	_____	and	held	everyone’s	attention.
E.	nonsense
I.	polite
U.	interesting
2.	The	new	student	was	very	_____	and	showed	good	manners	all	day.
E.	polite
S.	courageous
M.	rude
3.	The	_____	firefighters	saved	the	woman	from	the	burning	building.
T.	humorous
C.	courageous
R.	delightful
4.	The	tornado	will	_____	anything	in	its	path.
A.	destroy
E.	avoid
S.	gather
5.	The	audience	applauded	the	students’	_____	performance	at	the	winter	concert.
D.	disappointing
T.	nonsense
F.	delightful
6.	Grandfather	always	told	_____	stories	that	made	us	laugh.
N.	chilling
S.	humorous
P.	courageous
7.	Mrs.	Taylor	told	her	students	to	_____	their	belongings	before	leaving	for	home.
E.	gather
U.	separate
I.	accept
8.	Mr.	Green	does	not	believe	in	dragons	and	says	stories	about	them	are	_____.
T.	serious
P.	nonsense
S.	real
9.	The	students	of	each	group	must	_____	on	a	topic	for	their	project.
H.	collect
L.	agree
M.	discuss
10.	George	Washington’s	_____	to	the	new	country	was	clear	to	everyone.
A.	loyalty
Y.	nonsense
O.	courageous
4.2	Fleas
Fleas	are	small,	wingless	insects.	They	live	on	the	skin	of	animals,	especially	mammals.	Fleas
feed	on	the	blood	of	their	hosts.	What	are	people	who	are	experts	on	fleas	called?
To	answer	the	question,	find	the	antonym	of	each	word	below.	Choose	your	answers	from	the
choices	that	follow	each	word.	Write	the	letter	of	the	antonym	in	the	space	above	its	line	number
at	the	bottom	of	the	page.	Some	letters	are	provided.
1.	destroy:
C.	build
S.	wreck
K.	collect
2.	polite:
D.	agree
M.	foolishness
G.	rude
3.	nonsense:
U.	silliness
E.	dull
I.	sense
4.	humorous:
I.	serious
E.	fearless
A.	amusing
5.	delightful:
P.	interesting
L.	unpleasant
N.	comical
6.	courageous:
R.	boring
P.	cowardly
T.	brave
7.	agree:
O.	reject
A.	polite
Y.	create
8.	loyalty:
S.	faithfulness
T.	treachery
D.	logic
9.	gather:
L.	scatter
S.	delight
N.	collect
10.	interesting:
E.	pleasant
I.	grave
S.	boring
4.3	A	Colonial	First
The	first	town	government	in	the	13	colonies	was	established	in	Massachusetts	in	1633.	In	what
town	was	this	government	established?
To	answer	the	question,	correct	the	sentences	by	replacing	each	underlined	word	with	its
antonym.	Choose	your	answers	from	the	words	after	each	sentence.	Write	the	letter	of	each
answer	in	the	space	above	its	sentence	number	at	the	bottom	of	the	page.
1.	My	mother	always	says	to	be	rude	and	helpful	to	others.
M.	stern
H.	polite
R.	fresh
2.	Pulling	the	child	out	of	the	way	of	the	speeding	car	was	a	timid	act.
A.	humorous
U.	foolish
E.	courageous
3.	Alex	likes	science	and	feels	it	is	the	most	boring	subject.
S.	interesting
N.	confusing
P.	dull
4.	Strong	winds	will	gather	leaves	in	the	yard.
A.	destroy
O.	scatter
Y.	reject
5.	A	major	earthquake	can	create	an	entire	city.
I.	build
H.	refuse
E.	destroy
6.	The	family	picnic	was	unpleasant	and	everyone	had	a	great	time.
S.	interesting
R.	delightful
N.	nonsense
7.	Students	refuse	to	share	the	computers	in	class.
R.	agree
S.	reject
D.	gather
8.	The	knights	pledged	treachery	to	their	king.
C.	loyalty
T.	disloyalty
M.	courage
9.	The	sense	of	silly	poems	like	limericks	is	amusing.
B.	interesting
D.	silliness
S.	delight
10.	Maria	smiled	as	she	read	her	little	brother’s	grave	story.
I.	unpleasant
C.	boring
T.	humorous
LESSON	5	Homographs,	I
Homographs	are	words	that	have	the	same	spelling	but	different	meanings.	They	have	different
origins,	too.	Some	homographs	also	have	different	pronunciations.
1.	yard	(n):	the	area	around	a	house
yard	(n):	36	inches
2.	close	(klōs)	(adj):	near
close	(klōz)	(v):	to	shut
3.	desert	(de 	 rt)	(n):	dry,	barren	land
desert	(di	zûrt′)	(v):	to	go	away	from
4.	bear	(n):	a	large	mammal
bear	(v):	to	support	or	carry
5.	pitcher	(n):	a	position	on	a	baseball	team
pitcher	(n):	a	container	for	pouring	liquid
6.	pupil	(n):	a	student
pupil	(n):	the	dark	opening	in	the	center	of	the	eye
7.	ball	(n):	a	round	object
ball	(n):	a	formal	dance
8.	count	(n):	a	nobleman
count	(v):	to	name	numbers	in	order
9.	wind	(w nd)	(n):	moving	air
wind	(wīnd)	(v):	to	turn
10.	school	(n):	a	place	for	learning
school	(n):	a	large	group	of	fish
Vocabulary	Tip
Homographs	that	have	different	pronunciations	are	also	known	as	heteronyms.
5.1	A	Lethal	Creature
This	small	amphibian	lives	in	the	rain	forests	of	Colombia,	a	country	in	South	America.	It	is
extremely	poisonous.	What	is	the	name	of	this	animal?
To	answer	the	question,	match	each	definition	on	the	left	with	the	correct	homograph	on	the
right.	Write	the	letter	of	the	homograph	in	the	space	above	its	definition	number	at	the	bottom	of
the	page.	Some	letters	are	provided.
5.2	Hungry	Elephants
Elephants	are	big	animals.	They	are	also	big	eaters.	About	how	much	time	per	day	does	an
elephant	spend	eating?
To	answer	the	question,	read	each	sentence	below.	Match	the	underlined	word	with	its
definition.	Choose	your	answers	from	the	definitions	after	the	sentences.	Not	all	of	the	definitions
will	be	used.	Write	the	letter	of	each	answer	in	the	space	above	its	sentence	number	at	the	bottom
of	the	page.	You	will	need	to	divide	the	letters	into	words.
1.	The	bear	searched	for	food	at	the	picnic	grounds.
2.	Lisa	had	to	count	the	scissors	to	make	sure	all	had	been	returned.
3.	The	raccoon	mother	did	not	desert	her	young	during	the	terrible	storm.
4.	Teresa	missed	the	bus	and	was	late	for	school.
5.	Jamal	is	a	pitcher	for	his	baseball	team.
6.	Please	close	the	door.
7.	The	students	learned	about	the	role	of	the	pupil	in	seeing.
8.	Roberto	pulled	up	the	collar	of	his	jacket	to	block	the	cold	wind.
9.	Cinderella	lost	her	slipper	at	the	ball.
10.	The	poster	paper	was	a	yard	wide	and	four	feet	long.
Answers
M.	areaaround	a	house
E.	a	formal	dance
O.	a	large	mammal
H.	a	part	of	the	eye
W.	to	support;	to	carry
P.	dry,	barren	land
S.	to	go	away	from
C.	a	student
U.	moving	air
A.	a	nobleman
R.	a	baseball	player
K.	to	turn
J.	near
G.	36	inches
B.	a	group	of	fish
I.	to	shut
T.	to	name	numbers	in	order
L.	a	round	object
V.	a	container	for	pouring	liquid
N.	a	place	for	learning
5.3	Sleepy	Mammals
Some	mammals	sleep	more	than	others.	Three	of	the	sleepiest	spend	about	80	percent	of	their
lives	dozing	or	sleeping.	What	are	these	sleepyhead	mammals?
To	answer	the	question,	complete	each	sentence	with	the	best	word.	Choose	your	answers
from	the	words	after	the	sentences.	Not	all	of	the	words	will	be	used.	Write	the	letter	of	each
answer	in	the	space	above	its	sentence	number	at	the	bottom	of	the	page.	Some	letters	are
provided.
1.	Mrs.	Carter	introduced	the	new	_____	to	the	class.
2.	Be	sure	to	_____	your	change	after	paying	for	something.
3.	Taryn’s	favorite	subject	in	_____	is	math.
4.	The	_____	climbed	the	tree	to	get	the	honey	in	the	beehive.
5.	Camels	are	able	to	survive	in	the	_____.
6.	We	live	_____	to	the	ocean	and	can	smell	the	salty	air.
7.	The	powerful	_____	toppled	a	tree	near	our	house.
8.	Todd	threw	the	_____	to	his	younger	brother.
9.	Her	mother	made	a	_____	of	ice	tea	for	Jenna	and	her	friends.
10.	A	fence	encloses	our	_____.
Answers
N.	fair
L.	wind
A.	yard
I.	pupil
C.	light
R.	count
B.	sample
M.	bear
H.	close
G.	rectangle
P.	desert
D.	school
S.	pitcher
W.	person
O.	ball
LESSON	6	Homographs,	II
Homographs	are	words	that	have	the	same	spelling	but	different	meanings.	They	have	different
origins,	too.	Some	homographs	also	have	different	pronunciations.
1.	tire	(n):	rubber	placed	around	a	wheel
tire	(v):	to	become	weary
2.	rash	(n):	a	sore	on	the	skin
rash	(adj):	hasty
3.	root	(n):	the	underground	part	of	a	plant
root	(v):	to	cheer	for	a	person	or	team
4.	tear	(tēr)	(n):	a	drop	of	liquid	from	the	eye
tear	(t r)	(v):	to	pull	apart;	to	rip	into	pieces
5.	duck	(n):	a	water	bird	with	webbed	feet	and	a	broad	beak
duck	(v):	to	dip	or	dodge	quickly
6.	kind	(n):	same	type
kind	(adj):	friendly;	helpful
7.	brush	(n):	a	tool	for	sweeping,	cleaning,	or	painting
brush	(n):	bushes
8.	prune	(n):	a	partially	dried	plum
prune	(v):	to	trim
9.	present	(pr 	 nt)	(n):	a	gift
present	(pr 	 nt)	(n):	now;	currently
present	(pr 	z nt)	(v):	to	introduce
10.	swallow	(n):	a	small	bird
swallow	(v):	to	take	food	in	through	the	mouth
Vocabulary	Tip
Many	words	in	English	have	multiple	meanings.
6.1	Digesting	Food
Digestion	is	the	process	of	turning	food	into	a	form	the	body	can	use.	All	the	foods	we	eat	are
digested.	About	how	long	does	it	take	for	a	human	being	to	digest	a	meal?
To	answer	the	question,	match	each	definition	on	the	left	with	the	correct	homograph	on	the
right.	Write	the	letter	of	the	homograph	in	the	space	above	its	definition	number	at	the	bottom	of
the	page.	You	will	need	to	reverse	the	order	of	the	letters	and	then	divide	them	into	words.	One
letter	is	provided.
6.2	A	Radio	First
In	1923,	this	president	was	the	first	to	have	his	State	of	the	Union	address	broadcast	on	the	radio.
Who	was	he?
To	answer	the	question,	read	each	sentence	below.	Match	the	underlined	word	with	its
definition.	Choose	your	answers	from	the	definitions	after	the	sentences.	Not	all	of	the	definitions
will	be	used.	Write	the	letter	of	each	answer	in	the	space	above	its	sentence	number	at	the	bottom
of	the	page.	You	will	need	to	divide	the	letters	into	words.
1.	Mr.	Harris	will	present	the	members	of	the	safety	patrol	at	the	assembly.
2.	Dad	and	I	cleared	away	the	brush	before	planting	the	flowers.
3.	A	root	of	the	big	tree	grew	under	the	sidewalk	and	cracked	the	cement.
4.	Justin	could	not	ride	his	bike	because	of	a	flat	tire.
5.	My	mother	always	tells	us	to	chew	and	swallow	our	food	slowly.
6.	Ricky	helped	his	brother	prune	the	dead	branches	from	the	rosebush.
7.	A	duck	may	be	awkward	on	land,	but	it	moves	easily	in	water.
8.	I	laughed	so	hard	that	a	tear	slipped	from	my	eye.
9.	Mae	is	impatient	and	sometimes	makes	rash	decisions.
10.	Mrs.	Sanchez	is	a	kind	person	and	is	always	willing	to	help	others.
Answers
S.	now
L.	to	trim
R.	to	become	weary
N.	bushes
D.	to	introduce
U.	a	tool	for	sweeping
J.	a	small	bird
Z.	dip	quickly
M.	to	cheer	for	someone
G.	hasty
C.	friendly,	helpful
H.	partially	dried	plum
P.	same	type
W.	a	sore	on	the	skin
A.	underground	part	of	a	plant
V.	a	water	bird	with	webbed	feet
E.	to	take	in	through	the	mouth
I.	rubber	placed	around	a	wheel
O.	a	drop	of	liquid	from	the	eye
6.3	New	World	Explorer
In	1524,	this	man	was	the	first	European	to	lead	an	expedition	to	reach	what	is	now	known	as
New	York	Harbor.	Who	was	he?
To	answer	the	question,	complete	each	sentence	with	the	correct	word.	Choose	your	answers
from	the	words	after	the	sentences.	Not	all	of	the	words	will	be	used.	Write	the	letter	of	each
answer	in	the	space	above	its	sentence	number	at	the	bottom	of	the	page.
1.	The	mother	_____,	followed	by	her	young,	waddled	to	the	pond.
2.	The	little	boy	quickly	ripped	off	the	wrapping	paper	of	his	birthday	_____.
3.	After	driving	over	the	nail,	Mr.	Evans	had	to	buy	a	new	_____.
4.	Will’s	grandfather,	an	expert	on	birds,	pointed	to	the	_____	on	the	branch.
5.	I	always	_____	for	our	high	school	team.
6.	One	_____	of	animals	is	mammals.
7.	Eric	used	the	fine-tipped	_____	for	writing	his	name	on	his	painting.
8.	Danielle’s	little	sister	described	the	_____	as	a	wrinkled	plum.
9.	Poison	ivy	causes	some	people	to	break	out	with	a	terrible	_____.
10.	Our	dog	likes	to	_____	apart	any	paper	he	finds	on	the	floor.
Answers
T.	apple
A.	brush
L.	bush
Z.	duck
G.	prune
R.	rash
C.	currently
D.	tire
Y.	weary
I.	root
E.	present
V.	kind
N.	tear
O.	swallow
W.	introduce
LESSON	7	Homophones,	I
Homophones	are	words	that	sound	alike	but	have	different	meanings	and	different	spellings.
1.	hole	(n):	an	opening
whole	(adj):	complete;	entire
2.	cell	(n):	basic	unit	of	life
sell	(v):	to	exchange	for	money
3.	right	(adj):	correct;	proper
write	(v):	to	set	down	in	words
4.	vain	(adj):	excessively	proud;	self-important;	conceited
vein	(n):	blood	vessel
5.	loan	(n):	something	borrowed
lone	(adj):	single
6.	passed	(v):	went	by
past	(adj):	previous;	former;	no	longer	current
7.	hear	(v):	to	listen
here	(adv):	in	this	place
8.	steal	(v):	to	rob
steel	(n):	strong	metal
9.	way	(n):	path;	road;	course
weigh	(v):	to	measure	how	heavy	something	is
10.	meat	(n):	food	from	an	animal
meet	(v):	to	come	together;	to	encounter
Vocabulary	Tip
Watch	for	homophones	when	proofreading	your	writing.	Homophones	are	easily	misused.
7.1	Your	Skin
Your	skin	is	an	amazing	organ.	It	is	your	largest	organ	and	protects	the	inner	parts	of	your	body.	It
grows,	stretches,	and	heals	itself.	It	is	even	waterproof.	About	how	much	skin	does	the	average
adult	have?
To	answer	the	question,	match	each	definition	on	the	left	with	the	correct	homophone	on	the
right.	Write	the	letter	of	each	answer	in	the	space	above	its	definition	number	at	the	bottom	of	the
page.	Not	all	answers	will	be	used.	You	will	need	to	divide	the	letters	into	words.	One	letter	is
provided.
7.2	An	Early	Writer	of	Horror
This	author	wrote	about	vampires	in	the	nineteenth	century.	He	wrote	a	story	about	Count
Dracula,	one	of	the	most	famous	vampires	of	all.	Who	was	this	author?
To	answer	the	question,	read	each	sentence	below.	Find	the	definition	of	each	underlined
word.	Choose	your	answers	from	the	words	after	each	sentence.	Write	the	letter	of	each	answer
in	the	space	above	its	sentence	number	at	the	bottom	of	the	page.
1.	The	chipmunk	ran	down	the	hole	under	the	rosebush.
O.	opening
U.	door
A.	complete
2.	Marianna	hoped	to	sell	her	old	bike.
R.	unit	of	life
T.	give	away
E.	exchange	for	money
3.	Please	put	the	books	here.
O.	to	listen
A.	in	this	spot
I.	in	the	next	room
4.	The	frames	of	great	buildings	are	made	of	steel.
D.	to	rob
R.	strong	metalS.	wood	and	plastic
5.	Aunt	Joan	is	a	vegetarian	and	does	not	eat	meat.
B.	come	together
C.	interesting
T.	food	from	animals
6.	History	is	the	study	of	past	events.
B.	previous
T.	future
C.	interesting
7.	The	lone	eagle	flew	over	the	river.
P.	flock
K.	single
D.	sharp-eyed
8.	We	checked	the	map	to	find	the	shortest	way	to	the	stadium.
S.	bus
N.	schedule
M.	course
9.	Juan	was	lucky	he	did	not	cut	a	vein	on	his	hand	in	his	accident.
S.	blood	vessel
P.	section	of	skin
T.	muscle
10.	Always	write	your	name	on	all	of	your	papers.
A.	complete
I.	spell
R.	set	down	in	words
7.3	Volcanoes
These	scientists	study	volcanoes.	What	are	they	called?
To	answer	the	question,	read	each	sentence	below.	If	the	underlined	word	is	used	correctly,
write	the	letter	for	correct	in	the	space	above	the	sentence	number	at	the	bottom	of	the	page.	If	the
underlined	word	is	not	used	correctly,	write	the	letter	for	incorrect.
1.	Sam	finished	the	whole	project	in	three	days.
A.	correct
I.	incorrect
2.	We	decided	to	meat	at	the	library	after	school.
J.	correct
G.	incorrect
3.	Melissa	got	every	answer	right	on	her	math	test.
S.	correct
E.	incorrect
4.	Can	you	hear	the	distant	echo?
C.	correct
M.	incorrect
5.	A	vain	carries	blood	back	to	the	heart.
U.	correct
I.	incorrect
6.	On	our	way	home	from	school,	Mom	took	me	to	the	mall.
N.	correct
O.	incorrect
7.	My	older	brother	tried	to	cell	his	car.
S.	correct
T.	incorrect
8.	I	finally	paid	back	the	lone	of	$5	to	my	sister.
E.	correct
O.	incorrect
9.	We	passed	the	Statue	of	Liberty	during	our	visit	to	New	York	City.
V.	correct
S.	incorrect
10.	Steal	is	a	very	strong	metal	used	in	construction.
I.	correct
L.	incorrect
LESSON	8	Homophones,	II
Homophones	are	words	that	sound	alike	but	have	different	meanings	and	different	spellings.
1.	role	(n):	a	character’s	part	in	a	play,	movie,	or	TV	show
roll	(v):	to	move	by	turning	over	and	over
2.	stake	(n):	a	stick	with	a	pointed	end
steak	(n):	a	slice	of	meat	or	fish	for	cooking
3.	brake	(n):	a	device	that	slows	a	car,	bike,	or	machine
break	(v):	to	come	apart;	to	separate	into	pieces
4.	grate	(v):	to	make	a	harsh,	grinding	sound
great	(adj):	very	big	in	size	or	number
5.	close	(v):	to	shut
clothes	(n):	clothing;	articles	of	dress;	garments
6.	knight	(n):	a	medieval	warrior
night	(n):	the	time	between	sunset	and	sunrise
7.	pair	(n):	set	of	two;	two	that	go	together
pear	(n):	a	sweet,	juicy	fruit
8.	waist	(n):	the	part	of	the	body	between	the	ribs	and	hips
waste	(v):	to	make	poor	use	of;	to	spend	foolishly
9.	scene	(n):	the	place	where	something	happens;	a	setting
seen	(v):	viewed
10.	colonel	(n):	an	army	officer	with	the	rank	just	lower	than	a	general
kernel	(n):	a	grain	or	seed
Vocabulary	Tip
Computer	spell-check	programs	do	not	identify	incorrectly	used	homophones.
8.1	A	High	Point
At	19,340	feet	(5,895	meters)	above	sea	level,	this	is	the	highest	point	in	Africa.	What	is	it?
To	answer	the	question,	match	each	definition	on	the	left	with	the	correct	homophone	on	the
right.	Write	the	letter	of	each	answer	in	the	space	above	its	definition	number	at	the	bottom	of	the
page.	Not	all	answers	will	be	used.	One	letter	is	provided.
8.2	An	Unusual	Plant
This	plant	is	found	in	the	American	Southwest.	It	can	live	for	up	to	200	years	and	can	grow	to	be
as	tall	as	a	five-story	building.	What	is	it?
To	answer	the	question,	complete	each	sentence	with	the	correct	homophone.	Choose	your
answers	from	the	words	after	each	sentence.	Write	the	letter	of	each	answer	in	the	space	above
its	sentence	number	at	the	bottom	of	the	page.	Some	letters	are	provided.
1.	Natalie’s	Uncle	John	has	the	rank	of	_____	in	the	army.
N.	kernel
C.	colonel
2.	Jessie	hurried	to	_____	the	window	to	keep	out	the	rain.
R.	close
E.	clothes
3.	Hailey	knew	the	ending	of	the	movie	because	she	had	_____	it	before.
G.	seen
D.	scene
4.	The	_____	storm	brought	heavy	rain	and	strong	winds.
E.	grate
U.	great
5.	Carl	ordered	_____,	potato,	and	salad	for	dinner.
O.	stake
A.	steak
6.	Nicole	taught	her	dog	to	sit	and	_____	over.
D.	role
T.	roll
7.	Stacey	studied	an	hour	after	dinner	last	_____	for	her	science	test.
O.	night
S.	knight
8.	Tyrell’s	father	helped	him	repair	the	_____	on	his	bike.
N.	break
S.	brake
9.	Trisha	ate	a	_____	for	a	snack	after	school.
S.	pear
R.	pair
10.	After	playing	football,	Anthony	noticed	a	bruise	on	his	_____.
C.	waist
F.	waste
8.3	After	the	Presidency
This	president	is	the	only	man	to	serve	in	the	House	of	Representatives	after	being	president.
Who	was	he?
To	answer	the	question,	read	each	sentence	below.	If	the	underlined	word	is	used	correctly,
write	the	letter	for	correct	in	the	space	above	the	sentence	number	at	the	bottom	of	the	page.	If	the
underlined	word	is	not	used	correctly,	write	the	letter	for	incorrect.	You	will	need	to	divide	the
letters	into	words.	Some	letters	are	provided.
1.	Lauren’s	closet	is	full	of	close.
A.	correct
U.	incorrect
2.	The	night	rode	off	to	save	the	princess.
O.	correct
M.	incorrect
3.	People	should	never	waist	food.
H.	correct
O.	incorrect
4.	Dad	grilled	a	big	steak	for	dinner.
Y.	correct
R.	incorrect
5.	Vanessa	had	the	lead	role	in	the	school	play.
N.	correct
O.	incorrect
6.	A	grate	crowd	attended	the	president’s	speech.
N.	correct
S.	incorrect
7.	Tyler	and	his	father	planted	a	pear	tree	in	the	backyard.
Q.	correct
A.	incorrect
8.	The	police	quickly	arrived	on	the	scene	of	the	accident.
H.	correct
O.	incorrect
9.	Colonel	Smith	had	served	in	the	army	for	30	years.
J.	correct
T.	incorrect
10.	Dropping	a	dish	may	brake	it.
I.	correct
A.	incorrect
LESSON	9	Easily	Confused	Words,	I
Some	words	have	similar	sounds	or	spellings	but	different	meanings.	These	words	are	easily
confused.
1.	country	(n):	a	nation
county	(n):	a	part	of	a	state	in	the	United	States
2.	later	(adj):	coming	after	the	proper	time
latter	(adj):	the	second	of	two
3.	than	(conj):	used	as	a	conjunction,	than	compares	things
then	(adv):	at	that	time
4.	recent	(adj):	not	long	ago
resent	(v):	to	feel	offended
5.	dairy	(n):	a	place	where	milk	is	produced	or	processed
diary	(n):	a	written	record	of	what	the	writer	has	experienced
6.	accept	(n):	to	take	something	offered;	to	agree	to
except	(prep):	leaving	out;	not	including
7.	breath	(n):	air	taken	into	the	lungs
breathe	(v):	to	inhale	and	exhale
8.	lightening	(v):	making	less	heavy
lightning	(n):	static	electrical	discharge	in	the	air
9.	desert	(n):	a	dry	wasteland
dessert	(n):	a	tasty,	usually	sweet,	food	served	at	the	end	of	a	meal
10.	cease	(v):	to	stop;	to	end;	to	discontinue
seize	(v):	to	take	hold	of;	to	grab;	to	grasp
Vocabulary	Tip
Writers	must	work	hard	to	avoid	making	mistakes	with	“easily	confused	words.”
9.1	Alaska’s	State	Flag
In	1927,	a	13-year-old	boy	designed	the	state	flag	of	Alaska.	Who	was	he?
To	answer	the	question,	match	each	definition	with	its	word.	Choose	your	answers	from	the
words	that	follow	each	definition.	Write	the	letter	of	each	answer	in	the	space	above	its
definition	number	at	the	bottom	of	the	page.	One	letter	is	provided.
1.	at	that	time
Y.	then
R.	than
2.	a	place	where	milk	is	produced	or	processed
P.	diary
B.	dairy
3.	a	tasty,	usually	sweet,	food	served	at	the	end	of	a	meal
E.	dessert
A.	desert
4.	to	inhale	and	exhale
E.	breathe
O.	breath
5.	a	part	of	a	state	in	the	United	States
R.	country
N.	county
6.	the	second	of	two
M.	later
N.	latter
7.	to	take	something	offered
E.	except
O.	accept
8.	static	electrical	discharge	in	the	air
B.	lightning
T.	lightening
9.	to	stop;	to	end;	to	discontinue
R.	seize
S.	cease
10.	to	feel	offended
N.	resent
D.	recent
9.2	Voyage	to	India
During	the	years	1497–1499,	this	explorer	led	a	voyage	to	India.	He	and	his	men	became	the	first
Europeans	to	reach	India	by	sailing	around	Africa’s	Cape	of	Good	Hope.	Who	was	he?
To	answer	the	question,	complete	each	sentence	with	the	correct	word.	Choose	your	answers
from	the	words	after	each	sentence.	Write	the	letter	of	eachanswer	in	the	space	above	its
sentence	number	at	the	bottom	of	the	page.	One	letter	is	provided.
1.	Russia	is	the	largest	_____	in	the	world.
O.	country
S.	county
2.	Tamara	writes	in	her	_____	every	day.
D.	diary
V.	dairy
3.	Mr.	Williams	assigned	all	the	problems	on	the	page	_____	number	12.
I.	accept
A.	except
4.	Martin’s	favorite	_____	is	ice	cream.
A.	dessert
E.	desert
5.	The	_____	storms	have	ended	the	drought.
C.	recent
T.	resent
6.	_____	your	knapsack	will	make	it	easier	to	carry.
E.	Lightning
A.	Lightening
7.	Jason	tried	to	_____	the	cookie	jar	before	his	brother	could.
M.	cease
V.	seize
8.	The	Pacific	Ocean	is	larger	_____	the	Atlantic	Ocean.
G.	than
J.	then
9.	After	running	up	the	big	hill,	Jared	was	out	of	_____.
D.	breathe
M.	breath
10.	We	decided	to	go	to	the	mall	_____.
L.	latter
S.	later
9.3	Over	the	Atlantic
Charles	Lindbergh	was	the	first	man	to	fly	solo	across	the	Atlantic	Ocean	in	1927.	The	first
woman	flew	solo	across	the	Atlantic	in	1932.	Who	was	she?
To	answer	the	question,	read	each	sentence	below.	If	the	underlined	word	is	used	correctly,
write	the	letter	for	correct	in	the	space	above	the	sentence	number	at	the	bottom	of	the	page.	If	the
underlined	word	is	not	used	correctly,	write	the	letter	for	incorrect.	Some	letters	are	provided.
1.	When	we	breath,	we	inhale	and	exhale	air.
R.	correct
E.	incorrect
2.	Lightening	always	comes	before	thunder.
Y.	correct
I.	incorrect
3.	The	fifth-graders	visited	a	dairy	for	their	class	trip.
T.	correct
N.	incorrect
4.	Gina	enjoys	math	more	then	reading.
O.	correct
E.	incorrect
5.	Our	country	is	the	biggest	in	our	state.
E.	correct
H.	incorrect
6.	Survival	is	difficult	in	the	desert.
L.	correct
H.	incorrect
7.	The	snake	tried	to	seize	the	mouse	in	his	jaws.
R.	correct
U.	incorrect
8.	Mr.	Wallace	spoke	to	the	students	about	recent	problems	at	the	bus	stop.
M.	correct
E.	incorrect
9.	Because	of	the	bad	weather,	their	plane	arrived	latter	than	expected.
S.	correct
A.	incorrect
10.	In	his	haste	not	to	miss	the	bus,	Bradley	packed	everything	except	his	lunch.
R.	correct
M.	incorrect
LESSON	10	Easily	Confused	Words,	II
Some	words	have	similar	sounds	or	spellings	but	different	meanings.	These	words	are	easily
confused.
1.	human	(adj):	of	or	relating	to	a	person
humane	(adj):	kind
2.	loose	(adj):	not	tight
lose	(v):	to	misplace;	to	be	unable	to	find;	to	fail	to	win
3.	expect	(v):	to	look	for	a	thing	to	happen
suspect	(n):	a	person	thought	to	have	committed	a	crime;	(v):	to	mistrust
4.	farther	(adv):	at	or	to	a	greater	distance
further	(adv):	to	a	greater	extent;	more
5.	adapt	(v):	to	adjust	to	new	conditions
adopt	(v):	to	take	into	one’s	own	family	by	choice
6.	advice	(n):	a	suggestion
advise	(v):	to	give	advice
7.	angel	(n):	a	spiritual	being
angle	(n):	a	figure	formed	by	two	lines	that	meet	at	a	point
8.	alley	(n):	a	narrow	street
ally	(n):	a	supporter;	friend
9.	wear	(v):	to	carry	or	have	on,	for	example,	clothing
were	(v):	a	form	of	the	verb	be;	existed
10.	quiet	(adj):	silent;	having	little	noise;	calm
quit	(v):	to	stop
quite	(adv):	completely;	entirely;	really
Vocabulary	Tip
Keeping	a	list	of	words	you	find	confusing	can	help	you	remember	them.
10.1	Signer	of	the	Constitution	and	President
Of	the	39	men	who	signed	the	Constitution,	only	2	went	on	to	become	president.	One	was	George
Washington.	Who	was	the	other?
To	answer	the	question,	match	each	definition	with	its	word.	Choose	your	answers	from	the
words	that	follow	each	definition.	Write	the	letter	of	each	answer	in	the	space	above	its
definition	number	at	the	bottom	of	the	page.	You	will	need	to	divide	the	letters	into	words.	Some
letters	are	provided.
1.	a	suggestion
I.	advise
O.	advice
2.	more;	to	a	greater	extent
S.	further
T.	farther
3.	having	little	noise
J.	quit
M.	quite
E.	quiet
4.	a	spiritual	being
F.	angle
M.	angel
5.	to	misplace
M.	lose
N.	loose
6.	a	supporter
J.	ally
T.	alley
7.	to	adjust	to	new	conditions
K.	adopt
D.	adapt
8.	a	form	of	the	verb	be;	existed
I.	were
O.	wear
9.	to	mistrust
S.	expect
N.	suspect
10.	of	or	relating	to	a	person
A.	human
O.	humane
10.2	Early	Astronomer
About	400	years	ago,	this	Italian	scientist	developed	telescopes.	He	used	his	telescopes	to
discover	sunspots,	mountains	and	valleys	on	the	moon,	and	Jupiter’s	four	biggest	moons.	Who
was	he?
To	answer	the	question,	complete	each	sentence	with	the	correct	word.	Choose	your	answers
from	the	words	after	each	sentence.	Write	the	letter	of	each	answer	in	the	space	above	its
sentence	number	at	the	bottom	of	the	page.	Some	letters	are	provided.
1.	Whenever	I	have	a	problem,	I	ask	my	dad	for	_____.
E.	advise
A.	advice
2.	Taylor	plans	to	_____	a	puppy	tomorrow.
O.	adapt
A.	adopt
3.	The	bicycle	shop	was	located	at	the	end	of	the	_____.
I.	alley
O.	ally
4.	Aunt	Clair	found	the	band	to	be	_____	loud.
E.	quit
A.	quiet
I.	quite
5.	Bekka	used	a	ruler	to	draw	an	_____	for	her	math	homework.
L.	angle
T.	angel
6.	The	gate	was	crooked	because	the	hinge	was	_____.
S.	lose
O.	loose
7.	Tamryn	will	_____	her	new	sweater	to	school	today.
G.	wear
N.	were
8.	There	have	been	no	_____	announcements	about	the	class	trip.
S.	farther
L.	further
9.	I	_____	Aunt	Emma	to	arrive	by	noon.
G.	expect
N.	suspect
10.	People	should	always	treat	animals	in	a	_____	manner.
A.	human
E.	humane
10.3	Two	States
These	were	the	last	two	states	admitted	to	the	United	States.	What	states	are	they?
To	answer	the	question,	read	each	sentence	below.	If	the	underlined	word	is	used	correctly,
write	the	letter	for	correct	in	the	space	above	the	sentence	number	at	the	bottom	of	the	page.	If	the
underlined	word	is	not	used	correctly,	write	the	letter	for	incorrect.	You	will	need	to	divide	the
letters	into	words.	Some	letters	are	provided.
1.	My	mom	can	advice	us	what	to	do	next	on	our	project.
O.	correct
A.	incorrect
2.	Tim	is	my	friend	and	alley.
I.	correct
A.	incorrect
3.	I	won’t	quit	until	I	solve	this	problem.
I.	correct
F.	incorrect
4.	A	soft	bed	and	lots	of	love	will	help	a	puppy	adopt	to	his	new	home.
O.	correct
K.	incorrect
5.	James	can	throw	a	baseball	further	than	his	brother	Jon.
E.	correct
I.	incorrect
6.	Brittany’s	mother	warned	her	not	to	lose	her	key.
L.	correct
S.	incorrect
7.	Ali	did	not	expect	his	surprise	birthday	party.
S.	correct
G.	incorrect
8.	The	wooden	beam	had	to	be	set	at	the	proper	angel.
C.	correct
H.	incorrect
9.	Jill	and	her	mom	were	going	to	the	mall.
A.	correct
E.	incorrect
10.	The	creature	that	stepped	off	the	spaceship	had	human	characteristics.
W.	correct
L.	incorrect
LESSON	11	Easily	Confused	Words,	III
Some	words	have	similar	sounds	or	spellings	but	different	meanings.	These	words	are	easily
confused.
1.	medal	(n):	an	award
metal	(n):	a	substance	such	as	iron,	copper,	or	gold
2.	set	(v):	to	place	or	put	something	somewhere
sit	(v):	to	be	in	an	upright	position	resting	on	the	buttocks;	for	example,	“sitting”	in	a	chair
3.	costume	(n):	clothing	worn	to	imitate	a	person	or	animal
custom	(n):	a	usual	action;	a	long-established	habit
4.	pastor	(n):	a	minister
pasture	(n):	a	grassy	field	used	by	grazing	animals
5.	finale	(n):	the	end
finally	(adv):	at	last;	at	the	end
6.	envelop	(v):	to	surround
envelope	(n):	paper	cover	for	a	letter	or	other	materials
7.	thorough	(adj):	complete;	careful	and	exact
through	(prep):	from	beginning	to	end
8.	certain	(adj):	confident;	sure
curtain	(n):	cloth	hung	at	windows	or	in	doors;	a	hanging	screen	on	a	stage
9.	decent	(adj):	proper;	right
descent	(n):	the	act	of	coming	down
10.	command	(n):	an	order;	(v):	to	give	an	order
commend	(v):	to	praise
Vocabulary	Tip
When	speaking	or	writing,	always	pay	close	attention	to	easily	confused	words.
11.1	Trail	Marker
Pioneers	traveling	westward	on	the	Oregon	Trail	through	Nebraska	used	a	natural	land	feature	as
a	trail	marker.	It	marked	the	end	of	the	Nebraskan	plains.	What	is	the	name	of	this	land	feature?
To	answer	the	question,	match	each	definitionwith	its	word.	Choose	your	answers	from	the
words	that	follow	each	definition.	Write	the	letter	of	each	answer	in	the	space	above	its
definition	number	at	the	bottom	of	the	page.	You	will	need	to	divide	the	letters	into	words.
1.	to	give	an	order
E.	command
O.	commend
2.	at	last
U.	finale
I.	finally
3.	a	grassy	field	used	by	cattle	for	grazing
O.	pasture
V.	pastor
4.	proper;	right
Y.	decent
C.	descent
5.	clothing	worn	to	imitate	a	person	or	animal
O.	custom
H.	costume
6.	complete
K.	thorough
S.	through
7.	cloth	hung	at	windows	or	doors
L.	certain
N.	curtain
8.	to	place	or	put	something	somewhere
M.	sit
C.	set
9.	to	surround
R.	envelop
D.	envelope
10.	a	substance	such	as	iron,	copper,	or	gold
N.	medal
M.	metal
11.2	Doing	Without	Water
This	little	animal	lives	in	the	desert	in	North	America.	It	can	live	its	entire	life	without	drinking
water.	It	obtains	enough	water	from	seeds	that	it	eats.	Although	it	is	only	a	few	inches	long,	its
large	hind	legs	help	it	to	jump	9	feet	(2.75	meters).	What	is	this	animal	called?
To	answer	the	question,	complete	each	sentence	with	the	correct	word.	Choose	your	answers
from	the	words	after	each	sentence.	Write	the	letter	of	each	answer	in	the	space	above	its
sentence	number	at	the	bottom	of	the	page.	You	will	need	to	divide	the	letters	into	words.	One
letter	is	provided.
1.	Lauren	helped	her	little	brother	_____	in	the	chair	at	the	table.
A.	sit
E.	set
2.	The	fog	seemed	to	_____	the	entire	town.
A.	envelop
U.	envelope
3.	Each	member	of	the	basketball	team	received	a	_____	for	winning	the	championship.
O.	metal
A.	medal
4.	We	drove	_____	the	Lincoln	Tunnel	on	our	trip	to	New	York	City.
N.	thorough
R.	through
5.	The	plane’s	_____	during	the	storm	was	a	little	scary.
R.	descent
H.	decent
6.	Deena’s	_____	was	voted	the	most	original	at	the	Halloween	party.
M.	custom
G.	costume
7.	Evan	and	his	grandfather	led	the	cows	to	the	_____.
T.	pasture
S.	pastor
8.	Mrs.	Wilson,	our	principal,	will	_____	students	for	their	excellent	behavior.
I.	command
N.	commend
9.	Shari	was	_____	she	had	handed	in	her	book	report	on	time.
W.	curtain
K.	certain
10.	The	audience	stood	and	applauded	at	the	play’s	_____.
O.	finale
A.	finally
11.3	Space	Pioneer
In	1926,	this	man	launched	the	first	liquid	fuel	space	rocket.	He	is	sometimes	called	the	Father	of
Space	Flight.	What	was	his	name?
To	answer	the	question,	read	each	sentence	below.	If	the	underlined	word	is	used	correctly,
write	the	letter	for	correct	in	the	space	above	the	sentence	number	at	the	bottom	of	the	page.	If	the
underlined	word	is	not	used	correctly,	write	the	letter	for	incorrect.	Some	letters	are	provided.
1.	Melanie	wondered	what	was	inside	the	big	envelop	that	had	her	name	on	it.
E.	correct
A.	incorrect
2.	The	teacher	instructed	the	class	to	be	thorough	with	their	research.
O.	correct
I.	incorrect
3.	David	and	his	father	set	in	front-row	seats	at	the	game.
W.	correct
R.	incorrect
4.	Claudia	was	impatient	for	the	curtain	to	rise	and	the	play	to	start.
G.	correct
M.	incorrect
5.	Pastor	Smith	gave	the	sermon	at	church	on	Sunday.
D.	correct
T.	incorrect
6.	The	statue	in	the	town	square	was	made	of	medal.
L.	correct
R.	incorrect
7.	Rodney	was	glad	when	the	long	drive	was	finale	done.
O.	correct
E.	incorrect
8.	Kelli	gave	her	dog	a	command	to	roll	over.
D.	correct
S.	incorrect
9.	The	hawk’s	decent	was	swift	and	smooth.
N.	correct
B.	incorrect
10.	Taking	your	shoes	off	when	entering	the	house	is	a	custom	in	Japan.
T.	correct
D.	incorrect
LESSON	12	Words	with	Latin	Roots,	I
Many	English	words	have	Latin	roots.	Some	of	these	roots	can	be	traced	back	to	Latin	that	was
spoken	thousands	of	years	ago.	Some	Latin	roots	(with	their	meanings	in	parentheses)	are	act
(do),	form	(shape),	terr	(land),	port	(carry),	and	loc	(place).
1.	action	(n):	the	process	of	doing	something;	act;	deed
Martin’s	quick	action	saved	Jason	from	tripping.
2.	porter	(n):	a	person	who	carries	luggage
The	porter	placed	our	luggage	in	our	car.
3.	uniform	(n):	clothes	worn	by	members	of	a	group	or	team
Sara	picked	up	her	soccer	uniform	yesterday.
4.	actor	(n):	a	person	who	plays	a	character	in	a	story;	a	performer
Nathan	was	an	actor	in	the	school	play.
5.	locate	(v):	to	find
Kyle	used	a	map	to	locate	the	museum.
6.	transport	(v):	to	carry	from	one	place	to	another
The	moving	company	will	transport	our	furniture	to	our	new	house.
7.	territory	(n):	land;	an	area	that	a	government	exercises	authority	over
The	pioneers	settled	new	territory.
8.	report	(n):	a	detailed	account;	(v):	to	give	an	account
Marissa	wrote	a	report	about	Canada.
The	committee	will	report	its	findings	today.
9.	transform	(v):	to	change	in	form,	appearance,	or	nature
By	building	dams,	beavers	can	transform	streams	and	creeks.
10.	react	(v):	to	act	back;	to	respond
Some	dogs	react	to	loud	sirens	by	howling.
Vocabulary	Tip
Understanding	the	roots	of	words	can	help	you	understand	their	meanings.
12.1	To	the	South	Pole
In	1911,	this	Norwegian	explorer	became	the	first	man	to	reach	the	South	Pole.	Who	was	he?
To	answer	the	question,	complete	each	sentence	with	the	correct	word.	Choose	your	answers
from	the	words	after	the	sentences.	Write	the	letter	of	each	answer	in	the	space	above	its	sentence
number	at	the	bottom	of	the	page.
1.	Marci	chose	Charlotte’s	Web	for	her	book	_____.
2.	I	tried	to	_____	Walt	Disney	World	on	a	map	of	Florida.
3.	Joshua	enjoys	stage	plays	and	hopes	to	be	an	_____	someday.
4.	Trains	_____	materials,	products,	and	people.
5.	At	Gabriella’s	school,	every	student	wears	a	_____.
6.	The	exciting	movie	had	lots	of	_____.
7.	Much	_____	in	the	southwestern	part	of	the	United	States	is	desert.
8.	The	evil	magician	can	_____	himself	into	a	dragon.
9.	Cats	often	_____	with	curiosity	to	something	new.
10.	A	_____	took	our	suitcases	into	the	hotel	for	us.
Answers
R.	react
O.	actor
M.	uniform
U.	locate
E.	territory
A.	porter
N.	transform
L.	report
D.	action
S.	transport
12.2	First	to	Secede
In	1860,	this	state	was	the	first	to	secede	(break	away)	from	the	United	States.	Other	Southern
states	followed,	and	by	the	next	year	the	Civil	War	had	begun.	What	state	was	the	first	to	secede?
To	answer	the	question,	match	each	word	on	the	right	with	its	definition	on	the	left.	Write	the
letter	of	each	answer	in	the	space	above	its	definition	number	at	the	bottom	of	the	page.	You	will
need	to	divide	the	letters	into	words.	One	letter	is	provided.
12.3	Volleyball
William	G.	Morgan	invented	the	game	of	volleyball	in	1895.	But	the	game	was	not	originally
called	volleyball.	What	was	volleyball	originally	called?
To	answer	the	question,	read	each	sentence	below.	Find	the	word	or	phrase	that	has	the
closest	meaning	to	the	underlined	word	or	phrase.	Choose	your	answers	from	the	words	or
phrases	that	follow	each	sentence.	Write	the	letter	of	each	answer	in	the	space	above	its	sentence
number	at	the	bottom	of	the	page.
1.	Most	puppies	react	quickly	to	the	sound	of	their	name.
E.	forget
T.	respond
R.	play
2.	Jason	is	an	actor	in	a	local	play.
E.	a	director
I.	a	musician
T.	a	performer
3.	Buses	carry	children	to	and	from	school	in	many	towns	and	cities.
N.	transport
D.	send
R.	provide
4.	Treasure	hunters	try	to	locate	lost	wealth.
E.	search	for
A.	spend
I.	find
5.	Mr.	Baxter’s	charitable	action	provided	the	library	with	a	hundred	new	books.
O.	answer
E.	deed
S.	phone	call
6.	We	waited	for	a	person	to	help	us	with	our	luggage.
H.	waiter
D.	guide
O.	porter
7.	The	territory	beyond	the	mountains	was	perfect	for	farming.
T.	land
J.	weather
C.	place
8.	The	police	chief	will	give	his	report	about	crime	to	the	mayor	tonight.
S.	speech
R.	ideas
M.	account
9.	The	wizard	hoped	to	transform	lead	into	gold.
U.	make
E.	change
O.	melt
10.	Alyssa’s	father	must	wear	special	clothing	for	his	job.
R.	hats
N.	a	uniform
T.	a	badge
LESSON	13	Words	with	Latin	Roots,	II
Many	English	words	have	Latin	roots.	Some	of	these	roots	can	be	traced	backto	Latin	that	was
spoken	thousands	of	years	ago.	Some	Latin	roots	(with	their	meanings	in	parentheses)	are	aqua
(water),	cam	(field),	corp	(body),	pop	(people),	and	tain	(hold).
1.	population	(n):	the	number	of	people	living	in	a	place
The	population	of	New	York	City	is	about	eight	million.
2.	aquarium	(n):	a	tank	for	fish
We	have	an	aquarium	in	our	classroom.
3.	contain	(v):	to	have;	to	hold;	to	include
Science	books	usually	contain	a	glossary.
4.	corporation	(n):	a	business;	a	company
General	Motors	is	a	large	corporation.
5.	popular	(adj):	well	liked
Chad	is	a	popular	student.
6.	aqueduct	(n):	a	pipe	or	channel	for	carrying	water	from	one	place	to	another
An	aqueduct	brings	water	from	a	lake	to	our	town.
7.	campus	(n):	the	grounds	of	a	school	or	college
The	high	school’s	campus	includes	a	football	field,	a	baseball	field,	and	a	track.
8.	corps	(n):	a	group	of	people	with	special	training	who	act	together
Uncle	Bill	is	a	member	of	a	drum	and	bugle	corps.
9.	camper	(n):	a	person	who	lives	outdoors	for	a	time,	often	in	a	tent
The	camper	set	his	tent	on	a	field.
10.	aquatic	(adj):	relating	to	the	water
Fish	are	aquatic	animals.
Vocabulary	Tip
Words	with	the	same	Latin	roots	have	related	meanings.
13.1	A	Space	Term
Astronomers	have	special	names	for	objects	in	space.	What	term	do	they	use	for	large	objects
such	as	stars	and	planets?
To	answer	the	question,	find	the	word	for	each	definition.	Choose	your	answers	from	the
words	after	each	definition.	Write	the	letter	of	each	answer	in	the	space	above	its	definition
number	at	the	bottom	of	the	page.	You	will	need	to	divide	the	letters	into	words.	One	letter	is
provided.
1.	a	pipe	or	channel	for	carrying	water	from	one	place	to	another
C.	aquarium
S.	aqueduct
M.	aquatic
2.	a	person	who	lives	outdoors	for	a	time,	usually	in	a	tent
I.	camper
A.	settler
E.	campus
3.	to	have,	hold,	or	include
U.	maintain
O.	contain
T.	order
4.	the	number	of	people	living	in	a	place
O.	persons
E.	popular
A.	population
5.	the	grounds	of	a	school	or	college
B.	campus
E.	area
R.	camp
6.	a	tank	for	fish
I.	aquatic
U.	aqua
E.	aquarium
7.	well	liked
Y.	popular
N.	good
S.	enjoy
8.	a	business;	a	company
H.	corps
S.	campus
C.	corporation
9.	relating	to	water
D.	aquatic
E.	aquarium
T.	aqueduct
10.	a	group	of	people	with	special	training	who	act	together
V.	population
L.	corps
A.	corporation
13.2	Explorer	and	Captain
In	the	years	1487–1488,	a	Portuguese	sea	captain	led	the	first	European	expedition	to	sail	around
the	southern	tip	of	Africa.	This	opened	a	sea	route	to	Asia.	What	was	the	captain’s	name?
To	answer	the	question,	complete	each	sentence	with	the	correct	word.	Choose	your	answers
from	the	words	after	the	sentences.	Write	the	letter	of	each	answer	in	the	space	above	its	sentence
number	at	the	bottom	of	the	page.	Some	letters	are	provided.
1.	Dogs	and	cats	are	_____	pets	in	America.
2.	Dad	and	I	bought	fish	for	our	_____.
3.	Anna’s	mother	works	for	a	large	_____.
4.	An	_____	provides	the	city	with	water.
5.	A	_____	is	a	person	who	enjoys	living	outdoors.
6.	Monica	belongs	to	an	environmental	youth	_____	that	helps	keep	parks	clean.
7.	The	college	my	sister	goes	to	has	a	beautiful	_____.
8.	The	boxes	in	the	attic	_____	old	clothes.
9.	China	has	the	largest	_____	of	any	country	in	the	world.
10.	Dari	loves	the	water	and	enjoys	_____	sports.
Answers
I.	aquarium
S.	camper
M.	aqueduct
O.	campus
B.	population
R.	corps
A.	contain
U.	popular
D.	aquatic
T.	corporation
13.3	A	Milestone	Amendment
In	1920,	passage	of	this	amendment	to	the	US	Constitution	gave	women	the	right	to	vote.	What
amendment	was	this?
To	answer	the	question,	find	the	word	or	phrase	that	best	defines	each	word	below.	Choose
your	answers	from	the	words	or	phrases	that	follow	each	word.	Write	the	letter	of	each	answer	in
the	space	above	the	word’s	number	at	the	bottom	of	the	page.	You	will	need	to	reverse	the	order
of	the	letters.
1.	population:
I.	citizens
N.	people
E.	home	owners
2.	corporation:
T.	company
N.	charity
V.	organize
3.	aqueduct:
U.	water
T.	relating	to	water
E.	channel	for	water
4.	camper:
E.	campsite
T.	outdoors	person
O.	hunter
5.	aquarium:
O.	pool
W.	schools	of	fish
I.	fish	tank
6.	campus:
T.	playground
D.	campsite
H.	grounds	around	school
7.	corps:
U.	corporation
E.	company
N.	specially	trained	group
8.	aquatic:
E.	relating	to	water
L.	sea	life
N.	water	sports
9.	contain:
T.	a	box
N.	to	hold
F.	package
10.	popular:
E.	well	liked
T.	enjoyable
N.	friendly
LESSON	14	Words	with	Greek	Roots,	I
Many	English	words	have	Greek	roots.	The	origins	of	many	of	these	words	can	be	traced	back
thousands	of	years.	Some	Greek	roots	(with	their	meanings	in	parentheses)	are	auto	(self),	bio
(life),	cycl	(circle),	geo	(earth),	graph	(write),	and	photo	(light).
1.	autograph	(n):	a	person’s	signature
People	waited	in	line	for	the	movie	star’s	autograph.
2.	geography	(n):	the	study	of	the	earth’s	surface
Geography	is	Marianna’s	favorite	subject	because	she	likes	learning	about	the	earth’s	land
features.
3.	photograph	(n):	a	picture	taken	by	a	camera
Mom	keeps	a	photograph	of	our	family	on	her	desk.
4.	autobiography	(n):	a	written	account	of	a	person’s	life,	written	by	the	person
The	singer’s	autobiography	told	of	his	hard	work	to	become	a	star.
5.	cycle	(n):	a	regularly	repeated	event	or	series	of	events
Caitlyn’s	class	learned	about	the	life	cycle	of	frogs.
6.	geometry	(n):	the	study	of	points,	lines,	angles,	figures,	and	measurement
Larissa	got	an	A	on	her	test	in	geometry.
7.	telephoto	(adj):	pertaining	to	a	lens	that	allows	a	camera	to	take	pictures	at	great	distances
The	photographer	used	a	telephoto	lens	to	take	pictures	of	the	lion.
8.	cyclone	(n):	a	powerful	storm	with	whirling	winds;	a	tornado
The	cyclone	caused	great	destruction	over	the	countryside.
9.	recycle	(v):	to	repeat	a	cycle
We	recycle	newspapers,	bottles,	and	aluminum	cans	every	week.
10.	biography	(n):	a	written	account	of	a	person’s	life,	written	by	another	person
William	enjoyed	reading	the	biography	of	Thomas	Jefferson.
Vocabulary	Tip
Understanding	Greek	roots	can	help	you	understand	the	meanings	of	many	modern	English	words.
14.1	Our	National	Anthem
“The	Star-Spangled	Banner”	is	our	national	anthem.	This	person	wrote	the	poem	that	became	the
lyrics	of	“The	Star-Spangled	Banner.”	Who	was	he?
To	answer	the	question,	find	the	word	for	each	definition.	Choose	your	answers	from	the
words	after	each	definition.	Write	the	letter	of	each	answer	in	the	space	above	its	definition
number	at	the	bottom	of	the	page.	You	will	need	to	divide	the	letters	into	words.	Some	letters	are
provided.
1.	pertaining	to	a	lens	that	allows	a	camera	to	take	pictures	at	great	distances
N.	telephoto
C.	telephone
R.	photographic
2.	a	written	account	of	a	person’s	life,	written	by	the	person
I.	autograph
E.	biography
A.	autobiography
3.	a	powerful	storm	with	whirling	winds
O.	cycle
U.	downpour
E.	cyclone
4.	the	study	of	points,	lines,	angles,	figures,	and	measurement
K.	geography
C.	geometry
H.	mathematics
5.	a	written	account	of	a	person’s	life,	written	by	another	person
T.	biography
M.	autobiography
D.	autograph
6.	to	repeat	a	cycle
O.	redo
H.	create
R.	recycle
7.	a	person’s	signature
K.	autograph
C.	autobiography
A.	biography
8.	a	picture	taken	by	a	camera
I.	autobiography
S.	photograph
C.	telephoto
9.	a	regularly	repeated	event
T.	recycle
D.	action
F.	cycle
10.	the	study	of	the	earth’s	surface
E.	geometry
Y.	geography
I.	biography
14.2	The	Five	Senses
You	gain	information	about	the	world	around	you	through	your	senses.	You	have	five	main	senses.
What	are	they?
To	answer	the	question,	complete	each	sentence	with	the	correct	word.	Choose	your	answers
from	the	words	after	the	sentences.	Write	the	letter	of	each	answer	in	the	space	above	its	sentence
number	at	the	bottom	of	the	page.	You	will	need	to	divide	the	letters	into	words.	Some	letters	are
provided.
1.	Her	assignment	for	_____	requiredTess	to	measure	angles	with	a	protractor.
2.	Daniel	needed	a	_____	lens	to	take	pictures	of	the	faraway	mountains.
3.	When	we	_____	materials,	we	reduce	waste.
4.	We	are	studying	_____	and	learning	about	the	continents.
5.	The	governor	wrote	about	his	entire	life	in	his	_____.
6.	The	changing	seasons	are	an	example	of	a	_____.
7.	The	old	_____	showed	the	bridge	being	built.
8.	A	_____	is	a	very	destructive	storm.
9.	Julie	hoped	to	get	the	author’s	_____	at	the	book	signing.
10.	For	his	report	about	Abraham	Lincoln,	Vincent	read	a	_____	of	Lincoln.
Answers
E.	geography
T.	cycle
L.	autograph
A.	geometry
H.	recycle
U.	telephoto
C.	biography
I.	autobiography
S.	photograph
G.	cyclone
14.3	Shadow	on	the	Earth
When	the	moon	passes	between	the	earth	and	the	sun,	the	moon	casts	a	shadow	on	the	earth.	What
is	this	event	called?
To	answer	the	question,	read	each	sentence	below.	If	the	underlined	word	is	used	correctly,
write	the	letter	for	correct	in	the	space	above	the	sentence	number	at	the	bottom	of	the	page.	If	the
underlined	word	is	not	used	correctly,	write	the	letter	for	incorrect.	Some	letters	are	provided.
1.	To	help	conserve	resources,	we	cycle	as	much	as	we	can.
I.	correct
E.	incorrect
2.	In	an	autobiography,	the	author	writes	about	someone	else’s	life.
N.	correct
R.	incorrect
3.	The	mountain	peaks	in	the	photograph	were	beautiful.
S.	correct
E.	incorrect
4.	LuAnn	learned	about	the	earth’s	land	forms	in	geometry.
A.	correct
O.	incorrect
5.	Brian	used	a	telephoto	lens	to	take	a	picture	of	the	eagle	in	the	distance.
I.	correct
E.	incorrect
6.	Rebecca	enjoys	geography	because	she	likes	learning	about	the	earth’s	surface.
L.	correct
R.	incorrect
7.	A	cycle	does	not	repeat.
K.	correct
C.	incorrect
8.	The	author	wrote	his	own	biography.
C.	correct
S.	incorrect
9.	At	the	game,	Crystal	got	the	autograph	of	her	favorite	player.
P.	correct
M.	incorrect
10.	The	cyclone	brought	heavy	rain	but	no	wind.
E.	correct
A.	incorrect
LESSON	15	Words	with	Greek	Roots,	II
Many	English	words	have	Greek	roots.	The	origins	of	some	of	these	words	can	be	traced	back
thousands	of	years.	Some	Greek	roots	(with	their	meanings	in	parentheses)	are	gram	(letter,
written),	log	(word),	meter	(measure),	arch	(ruler,	leader),	phon	(sound),	and	sci	(know).
1.	monarch	(n):	the	ruler	of	a	nation;	a	king	or	queen
The	monarch	was	known	for	her	wisdom	and	was	loved	by	her	people.
2.	grammar	(n):	the	study	of	the	forms	and	uses	of	words	in	sentences
Grammar	is	an	important	part	of	language	arts.
3.	thermometer	(n):	an	instrument	used	for	measuring	temperature
Heather	checked	the	thermometer	outside	to	find	how	cold	it	was.
4.	science	(n):	knowledge	based	on	observed	facts,	experimentation,	and	organized
information
Through	science	we	can	understand	the	world	around	us.
5.	diagram	(n):	a	drawing	that	shows	how	something	works
Mr.	Ross	showed	the	class	a	diagram	of	the	inside	of	the	space	station.
6.	barometer	(n):	an	instrument	used	for	measuring	air	pressure
A	low	reading	on	a	barometer	usually	means	a	storm	is	coming.
7.	prologue	(n):	an	introduction	or	opening	to	a	story
The	book	began	with	a	prologue.
8.	diameter	(n):	a	line	segment	passing	through	the	center	of	a	circle	with	its	endpoints	on	the
circle
Kevin	measured	the	diameter	of	the	circle	with	his	ruler.
9.	apology	(n):	words	saying	that	a	person	is	sorry
Please	accept	my	apology	for	coming	to	the	meeting	late.
10.	matriarch	(n):	a	woman	who	rules	or	leads	a	family	or	clan
Angela’s	grandmother	is	the	matriarch	of	her	family.
Vocabulary	Tip
Words	with	the	same	Greek	roots	have	related	meanings.
15.1	A	Not	Very	Smart	Dinosaur
A	certain	dinosaur	had	a	brain	about	the	size	of	a	walnut.	But	this	dinosaur	weighed	about	6,000
pounds	(2,722	kilograms).	What	was	the	name	of	this	dinosaur?
To	answer	the	question,	find	the	word	for	each	definition.	Choose	your	answers	from	the
words	after	each	definition.	Write	the	letter	of	each	answer	in	the	space	above	its	definition
number	at	the	bottom	of	the	page.	One	letter	is	provided.
1.	words	saying	a	person	is	sorry
H.	greeting
S.	apology
N.	prologue
2.	knowledge	based	on	observed	facts,	experimentation,	and	organized	information
S.	science
B.	geography
A.	grammar
3.	a	drawing	that	shows	how	something	works
A.	barometer
E.	diagram
O.	diameter
4.	a	woman	who	rules	or	leads	a	family	or	clan
A.	monarch
O.	princess
U.	matriarch
5.	a	line	passing	through	the	center	of	a	circle	with	its	endpoints	on	the	circle
N.	diagram
T.	barometer
O.	diameter
6.	the	study	of	the	forms	and	uses	of	words	in	sentences
E.	language
U.	grammar
A.	diagram
7.	an	introduction	or	opening	to	a	story
A.	prologue
U.	diagram
I.	diameter
8.	an	instrument	used	for	measuring	temperature
R.	barometer
T.	thermometer
L.	science
9.	a	king	or	queen
U.	matriarch
S.	diameter
R.	monarch
10.	an	instrument	used	for	measuring	air	pressure
G.	barometer
N.	thermometer
L.	diameter
15.2	Cat	Lovers
Cats	are	popular	pets	in	the	United	States.	A	special	word	describes	people	who	love	cats.	What
is	a	person	who	loves	cats	called?
To	answer	the	question,	complete	each	sentence	with	the	correct	word.	Choose	your	answers
from	the	words	after	the	sentences.	Write	the	letter	of	each	answer	in	the	space	above	its	sentence
number	at	the	bottom	of	the	page.
1.	The	wise	old	woman	was	the	_____	of	the	family.
2.	Sonya	wrote	a	_____	for	her	story.
3.	Justin	measured	the	_____	of	the	circle.
4.	Kristin	offered	an	_____	for	causing	the	argument.
5.	The	_____	showed	the	life	cycle	of	a	butterfly.
6.	Paulo	enjoys	_____	because	he	likes	to	experiment	with	things.
7.	Scientists	use	a	_____	to	measure	air	pressure.
8.	To	speak	and	write	clearly,	a	person	must	understand	_____.
9.	The	temperature	on	the	_____	was	55	degrees.
10.	The	brave	_____	led	his	men	into	battle.
Answers
L.	thermometer
I.	prologue
A.	grammar
O.	diameter
R.	monarch
H.	apology
P.	barometer
U.	matriarch
E.	diagram
N.	science
15.3	Tiny	Blood	Vessels
Arteries	are	blood	vessels	that	carry	blood	away	from	your	heart.	Veins	are	blood	vessels	that
carry	blood	back	to	your	heart.	Tiny	blood	vessels	connect	arteries	to	veins.	What	are	these	tiny
blood	vessels	called?
To	answer	the	question,	read	each	sentence	below.	If	the	underlined	word	is	used	correctly,
write	the	letter	for	correct	in	the	space	above	the	sentence	number	at	the	bottom	of	the	page.	If	the
underlined	word	is	not	used	correctly,	write	the	letter	for	incorrect.	One	letter	is	provided.
1.	The	prologue	was	an	interesting	start	to	the	novel.
I.	correct
A.	incorrect
2.	The	king	was	the	matriarch	of	his	country.
U.	correct
I.	incorrect
3.	Of	all	the	subjects	in	school,	Kareem	enjoys	science	the	most.
L.	correct
A.	incorrect
4.	Natalie	wrote	an	apology	for	not	being	able	to	attend	her	cousin’s	party.
A.	correct
O.	incorrect
5.	We	checked	the	temperature	on	the	barometer.
U.	correct
E.	incorrect
6.	The	queen	was	a	great	monarch	who	ruled	her	people	wisely.
L.	correct
R.	incorrect
7.	The	diameter	did	not	go	through	the	center	of	the	circle.
H.	correct
R.	incorrect
8.	Kyle	used	a	thermometer	to	measure	the	speed	of	the	wind.
S.	correct
C.	incorrect
9.	The	diagram	showed	how	the	windmill	created	electricity.
S.	correct
N.	incorrect
10.	Grammar	is	an	important	topic	in	math.
T.	correct
P.	incorrect
LESSON	16	Prefixes,	I
A	prefix	is	a	word	part	added	to	the	beginning	of	a	word.	A	prefix	changes	the	meaning	of	a	word
to	which	it	is	added.	Following	are	some	common	prefixes	and	their	meanings:
1.	prehistoric	(adj):	at	a	time	before	written	history
Prehistoric	cave	paintings	tell	much	about	early	humans.
2.	misspell	(v):	to	spell	incorrectly
Talia	tries	not	to	misspell	any	words	when	writing.
3.	underground	(adj):	beneath	the	surface	of	the	earth
The	underground	water	pipe	was	broken.
4.	precaution	(n):	an	action	taken	in	advance,	usually	for	safety;	a	safeguard
As	a	precaution,	we	locked	the	car.
5.	unsafe	(adj):	dangerous;risky
The	ice	was	unsafe	for	skating.
6.	impossible	(adj):	not	able	to	happen;	unreal
With	our	current	technology,	it	is	impossible	for	humans	to	visit	Mars.
7.	underline	(v):	to	draw	a	line	beneath
The	teacher	instructed	the	class	to	underline	new	words.
8.	misplace	(v):	to	put	in	a	wrong	place;	to	lose
I	always	misplace	my	pencil.
9.	impolite	(adj):	showing	bad	manners;	rude;	discourteous
Speaking	with	your	mouth	full	of	food	is	impolite.
10.	unsure	(adj):	not	certain;	doubtful
Kim	was	unsure	of	her	answer.
Vocabulary	Tip
The	meaning	of	a	prefix	is	a	clue	to	a	word’s	meaning.
16.1	The	Man	Who	Named	the	Dinosaurs
This	English	scientist	was	the	first	to	use	the	term	dinosaur,	meaning	“terrible	lizard.”	Who	was
he?
To	answer	the	question,	find	the	word	or	phrase	that	best	defines	each	word	below.	Choose
your	answers	from	the	words	or	phrases	after	each	word.	Write	the	letter	of	each	answer	in	the
space	above	the	word’s	number	at	the	bottom	of	the	page.
1.	precaution:
I.	careless
E.	safeguard
U.	unreal
2.	impolite:
H.	rude
M.	unhappy
L.	mistaken
3.	unsure:
A.	correct
I.	not	certain
O.	certain
4.	impossible:
E.	easy
U.	believable
O.	not	able	to	happen
5.	unsafe:
A.	dangerous
I.	careful
Y.	possible
6.	misspell:
S.	missing	letter
N.	spell	incorrectly
D.	make	a	correction
7.	underground:
D.	a	cellar
U.	far	below
R.	beneath	earth’s	surface
8.	misplace:
W.	to	lose
L.	to	find
T.	to	put	away
9.	underline:
S.	make	a	drawing
D.	to	draw	a	line	beneath
M.	to	highlight
10.	prehistoric:
L.	early	history
O.	before	people
C.	before	written	history
16.2	The	Powerful	Heart
Your	heart	pumps	blood	through	your	body.	It	never	rests.	About	how	many	times	does	the
average	human	heart	beat	each	day?
To	answer	the	question,	complete	each	sentence	with	the	correct	word.	Choose	your	answers
from	the	words	after	the	sentences.	Write	the	letter	of	each	answer	in	the	space	above	its	sentence
number	at	the	bottom	of	the	page.	You	will	need	to	divide	the	letters	into	words.
1.	When	not	at	home	in	the	evening,	we	leave	the	lights	on	as	a	_____.
2.	It	is	_____	to	see	bacteria	without	a	microscope.
3.	Interrupting	people	when	they	are	speaking	is	_____.
4.	Archeologists	found	ancient	pottery	and	stone	tools	at	the	site	of	the	_____	village.
5.	Jessica	was	_____	where	she	had	left	her	math	book.
6.	The	teacher	cautioned	her	students	not	to	_____	any	words	on	their	stories.
7.	It	is	helpful	to	_____	important	words	in	your	notes.
8.	Riding	a	bicycle	without	a	helmet	is	_____.
9.	Many	animals	live	in	_____	nests	and	dens	for	protection	against	predators.
10.	I	am	very	organized	and	hardly	ever	_____	anything.
Answers
E.	unsure
D.	underline
R.	prehistoric
S.	unsafe
H.	impossible
U.	precaution
T.	misspell
A.	impolite
N.	misplace
O.	underground
16.3	A	Bright	Idea
In	1929,	Sam	Foster	introduced	a	new	product	to	America.	Today	there	are	many	types	of	this
product,	and	they	are	found	just	about	everywhere.	What	are	they?
To	answer	the	question,	read	each	sentence	below.	Replace	the	underlined	word	or	phrase
with	the	word	or	phrase	that	has	a	similar	meaning.	Choose	your	answers	from	the	words	after
each	sentence.	Write	the	letter	of	each	answer	in	the	space	above	its	sentence	number	at	the
bottom	of	the	page.
1.	It	is	unsafe	to	swim	at	a	beach	without	lifeguards.
U.	fun
E.	unwise
A.	dangerous
2.	People	who	talk	during	a	movie	are	showing	bad	manners.
I.	friendly
U.	impolite
A.	talkative
3.	Jordan	was	unsure	her	project	would	win	a	prize	at	the	science	exhibit.
U.	positive
N.	hopeful
S.	doubtful
4.	The	advance	action	we	took	limited	damage	from	the	storm.
G.	precaution
M.	activity
C.	ideas
5.	It	is	easy	to	spell	words	incorrectly	when	you	write	quickly.
U.	misuse	words
M.	make	mistakes
E.	misspell
6.	The	spear	tips	in	the	cave	were	from	a	time	before	written	history.
N.	prehistoric
I.	old
R.	puzzling
7.	Many	things	that	were	not	able	to	happen	a	few	years	ago	are	common	today.
L.	planned
S.	impossible
B.	started
8.	The	cable	was	laid	beneath	the	lawn.
T.	low
M.	covered
S.	underground
9.	Be	sure	to	draw	a	line	beneath	the	title	of	the	poster.
S.	underline
N.	color
D.	highlight
10.	Our	dog	and	cat	misplace	their	toys	all	the	time.
N.	discover
L.	lose
T.	hide
LESSON	17	Prefixes,	II
A	prefix	is	a	word	part	added	to	the	beginning	of	a	word.	A	prefix	changes	the	meaning	of	a	word
to	which	it	is	added.	Following	are	some	common	prefixes	and	their	meanings:
1.	rewrite	(v):	to	write	again,	especially	to	improve	writing;	to	revise
Brittany	must	rewrite	her	story.
2.	dishonest	(adj):	untrustworthy;	deceitful
Cheating	is	a	dishonest	act.
3.	subzero	(adj):	below	zero
The	cold	temperature	was	subzero.
4.	dislike	(v):	to	have	a	bad	feeling	for;	to	object	to;	to	disapprove	of
I	dislike	the	shorter	hours	of	daylight	during	the	winter.
5.	nonstop	(adj):	having	made	no	pauses	or	breaks;	(adv):	done	without	a	stop
Darius	and	his	family	took	a	nonstop	flight	to	California.
We	worked	nonstop	on	our	project	yesterday	after	school.
6.	renew	(v):	to	make	new	again;	to	restore
Melissa	must	renew	a	magazine	subscription.
7.	telephone	(n):	a	device	for	speaking	over	long	distances
I	enjoy	talking	to	my	friends	on	the	telephone.
8.	disagree	(v):	to	differ	in	opinion;	to	oppose
Although	Jon	and	James	are	twins,	they	disagree	on	almost	everything.
9.	telescope	(n):	an	instrument	for	seeing	distant	objects,	especially	in	space
A	telescope	is	an	important	tool	of	astronomers.
10.	nonfat	(adj):	containing	no	fat,	especially	in	foods	with	the	fat	removed
We	drink	nonfat	milk	in	our	family.
Vocabulary	Tip
Prefixes	are	always	added	in	front	of	a	base	word	or	root.
17.1	A	Grand	Biome
A	biome	is	a	large	region	of	the	earth.	The	environment	of	a	biome	results	from	its	geographical
features	and	climate.	Many	scientists	believe	that	a	certain	biome	is	home	to	about	half	of	the
world’s	plants	and	animals.	What	biome	is	this?
To	answer	the	question,	match	each	word	on	the	left	with	its	definition	on	the	right.	Write	the
letter	of	each	answer	in	the	space	above	the	word’s	number	at	the	bottom	of	the	page.	You	will
need	to	divide	the	letters	into	words.	One	letter	is	provided.
17.2	A	Bird	Group	Name
Most	people	know	the	group	names	of	many	common	animals.	For	example,	a	group	of	deer	is
known	as	a	herd.	A	group	of	chickens	is	a	flock.	A	group	of	dogs	is	a	pack.	What	group	of	birds	is
a	“bellowing”?
To	answer	the	question,	complete	each	sentence	with	the	correct	word.	Choose	your	answers
from	the	words	after	the	sentences.	Write	the	letter	of	each	answer	in	the	space	above	its	sentence
number	at	the	bottom	of	the	page.
1.	Evie	looked	through	the	_____	and	saw	mountains	and	craters	on	the	moon.
2.	Our	dogs	hate	getting	wet	and	_____	baths.
3.	Every	January,	Sal	must	_____	the	license	for	his	dog.
4.	I	had	to	_____	my	story	three	times	before	I	was	satisfied	with	it.
5.	The	new	puppy	cried	_____	his	first	night	in	his	new	home.
6.	Paul	and	his	brother	_____	about	politics	and	support	different	candidates.
7.	It	is	hard	to	trust	_____	people.
8.	Each	week	we	talk	on	the	_____	with	my	grandmother	who	lives	in	Arizona.
9.	I	shiver	just	thinking	about	_____	temperatures.
10.	_____	foods	are	a	part	of	a	healthy	diet.
Answers
S.	subzero
F.	dishonest
H.	nonstop
L.	telephone
I.	telescope
N.	nonfat
B.	rewrite
C.	dislike
U.	disagree
E.	renew
17.3	A	Famous	Animator
Although	this	man	did	not	create	the	first	animated	cartoon,	he	made	many	animated	films.	He	is
responsible	for	many	animated	characters	known	the	world	over.	Who	was	he?
To	answer	the	question,	read	each	sentence	below.	If	the	underlined	word	is	used	correctly,
write	the	letter	for	correct	in	the	space	above	its	sentence	number	at	the	bottom	of	the	page.	If	the
underlined	word	is	not	used	correctly,	write	the	letter	for	incorrect.	You	will	need	to	divide	the
letters	into	words.
1.	My	mother	has	to	renew	her	driver’s	license	every	four	years.
I.	correct
U.	incorrect2.	I	dislike	heights	because	I	am	afraid	of	falling.
N.	correct
L.	incorrect
3.	We	took	several	breaks	on	our	nonstop	drive	to	the	city.
O.	correct
A.	incorrect
4.	A	telescope	is	useful	for	viewing	tiny	objects	that	are	very	close.
I.	correct
E.	incorrect
5.	A	dishonest	person	always	tells	the	truth.
H.	correct
L.	incorrect
6.	A	telephone	makes	it	possible	for	people	who	are	apart	to	talk	to	each	other.
T.	correct
N.	incorrect
7.	Nonfat	foods	have	high	amounts	of	fat.
S.	correct
Y.	incorrect
8.	The	cold	wave	brought	subzero	temperatures	to	much	of	the	country.
D.	correct
M.	incorrect
9.	They	disagree	on	everything	and	share	the	same	opinions.
J.	correct
W.	incorrect
10.	Sean	decided	to	rewrite	the	opening	of	his	story	once	more.
S.	correct
C.	incorrect
LESSON	18	Suffixes,	I
A	suffix	is	a	word	part	added	to	the	end	of	a	base	word	or	root.	A	suffix	adds	to	the	meaning	of
the	word.	Following	are	some	common	suffixes	and	their	meanings:
1.	thoughtful	(adj):	engaged	in	thinking;	serious;	being	considerate	of	others
Uncle	Thomas	is	a	thoughtful	man	who	is	always	willing	to	help	others.
2.	teacher	(n):	one	who	provides	knowledge	to	others;	instructor;	educator
Mrs.	Parker	is	Rogelio’s	favorite	teacher.
3.	remarkable	(adj):	noteworthy;	outstanding;	very	special
The	championship	game	was	remarkable.
4.	penmanship	(n):	the	skill,	style,	or	manner	of	handwriting
Alyssa	has	very	neat	penmanship.
5.	careless	(adj):	not	cautious;	reckless;	sloppy
The	careless	child	knocked	the	cookie	jar	off	the	table.
6.	doctor	(n):	a	person	trained	to	practice	medicine;	physician
The	doctor	said	that	Lara	had	a	cold.
7.	hardship	(n):	trouble;	misfortune;	difficulty
The	storm	caused	hardship	for	travelers.
8.	careful	(adj):	cautious;	attentive;	alert
You	should	always	be	careful	when	crossing	a	street.
9.	inventor	(n):	one	who	makes	something	never	made	before;	creator;	developer
Thomas	Edison,	who	developed	the	lightbulb,	was	a	great	inventor.
10.	comfortable	(adj):	restful;	contented;	relaxed
The	new	couch	was	very	comfortable.
Vocabulary	Tip
Understanding	the	meanings	of	suffixes	can	help	you	understand	the	meanings	of	words.
18.1	Peanuts
This	scientist	developed	more	than	300	uses	for	peanuts.	Who	was	he?
To	answer	the	question,	find	the	word	or	phrase	that	has	a	similar	meaning	to	each	word
below.	Choose	your	answers	from	the	words	or	phrases	after	each	word.	Write	the	letter	of	each
answer	in	the	space	above	the	word’s	number	at	the	bottom	of	the	page.	Some	letters	are
provided.
1.	hardship:
N.	cautious
C.	misfortune
R.	restful
2.	inventor:
O.	creator
A.	educator
U.	doctor
3.	penmanship:
N.	very	special
R.	one	who	teaches
V.	manner	of	handwriting
4.	thoughtful:
I.	one	who	makes
E.	physician
S.	engaged	in	thinking
5.	comfortable:
R.	restful
T.	alert
M.	outstanding
6.	teacher:
H.	physician
N.	instructor
T.	reckless
7.	remarkable:
E.	attentive
I.	outstanding
O.	serious
8.	careful:
U.	difficult
Y.	relaxed
A.	cautious
9.	doctor:
W.	creator
J.	inventor
G.	physician
10.	careless:
E.	reckless
I.	contented
U.	noteworthy
18.2	Revolutionary	Sea	Captain
Born	in	Scotland,	this	man	became	a	captain	in	the	American	fleet	during	the	Revolutionary	War.
He	won	many	battles.	After	the	war,	he	was	the	only	naval	officer	to	be	given	a	gold	medal	by
Congress.	Who	was	he?
To	answer	the	question,	complete	each	sentence	with	the	correct	word.	Choose	your	answers
from	the	words	after	the	sentences.	Write	the	letter	of	each	answer	in	the	space	above	its	sentence
number	at	the	bottom	of	the	page.	You	will	need	to	divide	the	letters	into	words.
1.	Try	not	to	make	_____	mistakes	in	your	work.
2.	Our	_____	does	not	give	homework	for	the	weekend.
3.	George	Eastman	was	the	_____	of	the	first	handheld	camera.
4.	Pioneers	suffered	great	_____	on	their	journey	westward.
5.	You	must	be	_____	when	walking	on	icy	sidewalks.
6.	Flying	over	the	countryside	in	a	hot-air	balloon	for	the	first	time	was	a	_____	experience.
7.	Roberto	forms	his	letters	neatly	and	has	excellent	_____.
8.	Marta	listened	to	the	question,	organized	her	ideas,	and	gave	a	_____	answer.
9.	The	_____	prescribed	medicine	for	Jason’s	sore	throat.
10.	Once	we	got	settled,	I	was	very	_____	in	our	new	home.
Answers
H.	inventor
J.	doctor
O.	thoughtful
P.	comfortable
S.	remarkable
N.	careful
E.	teacher
A.	careless
L.	hardship
U.	penmanship
18.3	A	Fast	Dinosaur
Scientists	believe	a	certain	dinosaur	could	run	up	to	40	miles	per	hour	(64	kilometers	per	hour).
This	was	the	fastest	of	all	dinosaurs.	What	dinosaur	was	this?
To	answer	the	question,	read	each	sentence	below.	Replace	the	underlined	word	or	phrase
with	the	word	or	phrase	that	has	a	similar	meaning.	Choose	your	answers	from	the	words	after
each	sentence.	Write	the	letter	of	each	answer	in	the	space	above	its	sentence	number	at	the
bottom	of	the	page.	Some	letters	are	provided.
1.	My	instructor	expects	us	to	work	hard	in	school.
E.	inventor
I.	teacher
U.	physician
2.	The	flood	caused	great	hardship	for	many	people.
M.	trouble
T.	cautious
C.	serious
3.	Spaceflight	is	a	noteworthy	achievement	for	human	beings.
K.	difficult
H.	remarkable
N.	reckless
4.	George	Crum	was	the	creator	of	potato	chips	in	1853.
R.	attentive
P.	noteworthy
M.	inventor
5.	You	should	go	to	a	physician	when	you	are	ill.
N.	a	doctor
S.	an	educator
G.	an	inventor
6.	Lying	in	the	hammock	outside	was	restful.
N.	alert
O.	trouble
S.	comfortable
7.	Peter’s	father	taught	him	to	be	careful	when	using	tools.
O.	cautious
A.	serious
T.	relaxed
8.	Neat	handwriting	is	a	result	of	practice.
E.	contented
U.	penmanship
I.	outstanding
9.	James	is	always	considerate	of	others.
L.	special
R.	cautious
T.	thoughtful
10.	Sloppy	work	usually	leads	to	mistakes.
R.	careless
T.	restful
N.	outstanding
LESSON	19	Suffixes,	II
A	suffix	is	a	word	part	added	to	the	end	of	a	base	word	or	root.	A	suffix	adds	to	the	meaning	of
the	word.	Following	are	some	common	suffixes	and	their	meanings:
1.	government	(n):	a	system	for	ruling	a	nation,	state,	city,	or	town
Our	government	protects	the	rights	of	its	citizens.
2.	childish	(adj):	behaving	like	a	child;	immature;	silly
Peter’s	childish	behavior	is	not	amusing.
3.	kindness	(n):	friendly	or	helpful	behavior;	goodness
Everyone	respects	Mr.	Smith	because	of	his	kindness.
4.	enormous	(adj):	very	big;	gigantic;	huge
The	mountain	was	enormous.
5.	sadness	(n):	sorrow;	grief;	unhappiness
The	movie’s	tragic	ending	filled	me	with	sadness.
6.	enjoyment	(n):	pleasure;	satisfaction
Tom’s	enjoyment	of	the	game	was	capped	by	his	team	winning.
7.	sunny	(adj):	bright	with	sunshine
The	day	of	our	family	picnic	was	warm	and	sunny.
8.	selfish	(adj):	thinking	of	oneself;	having	no	care	for	others
The	little	girl	was	selfish	and	would	not	share	her	toys.
9.	agreement	(n):	an	understanding	or	arrangement	between	people
The	boys	and	girls	reached	an	agreement	to	share	the	soccer	field	during	recess.
10.	joyous	(n):	very	happy;	cheerful;	glad
Having	our	lost	dog	returned	to	us	made	the	day	joyous	for	our	family.
Vocabulary	Tip
Some	suffixes	change	a	word’s	part	of	speech.	For	example,	the	suffix	-ish	added	to	the	noun
child	makes	the	adjective	childish.
19.1	Heading	South
West	Quoddy	Head,	Maine,	is	the	easternmost	point	of	the	United	States.	The	northernmost	spot	is
Point	Barrow,	Alaska.	The	westernmost	point	is	Cape	Wrangell,	Alaska.	What	is	the
southernmost	point	of	the	United	States?
To	answer	the	question,	find	the	word	or	phrase	that	has	a	similar	meaning	to	each	word
below.	Choose	your	answers	from	the	words	or	phrases	after	each	word.	Write	the	letter	of	each
answer	in	the	space	above	the	word’s	number	at	the	bottom	of	the	page.	One	letter	is	provided.
1.	enormous:
E.	pleasure
A.	gigantic
O.	silly
2.	sunny:
I.	satisfaction
E.	friendly
A.	bright	with	sunshine
3.	agreement:
A.	argument
Y.	happiness
E.	an	arrangement
4.	kindness:
A.	goodness
O.	silliness
U.	gladness
5.	enjoyment:K.	pleasure
E.	friendly	behavior
L.	understanding
6.	selfish:
E.	satisfaction
N.	very	big
I.	thinking	of	oneself
7.	government:
A.	a	company
H.	system	for	ruling
F.	president
8.	sadness:
L.	gigantic
R.	immature
W.	sorrow
9.	childish:
I.	silly
O.	gladness
A.	not	caring
10.	joyous:
H.	immature
M.	risky
L.	very	happy
19.2	A	Young	Author
This	author	was	only	15	years	old	when	he	wrote	the	original	draft	of	Eragon.	Who	is	he?
To	answer	the	question,	complete	each	sentence	with	the	correct	word.	Choose	your	answers
from	the	words	after	the	sentences.	Write	the	letter	of	each	answer	in	the	space	above	its	sentence
number	at	the	bottom	of	the	page.	Some	letters	are	provided.
1.	The	_____	of	the	wonderful	night	was	shared	by	everyone.
2.	The	day	was	_____	with	deep-blue	skies.
3.	The	wedding	was	a	_____	event	for	our	family.
4.	The	president	is	the	head	of	our	_____.
5.	We	love	winter	and	were	filled	with	_____	when	our	snowman	melted.
6.	_____	people	think	of	themselves	first.
7.	Everyone	should	treat	others	with	_____	every	day.
8.	The	skyscrapers	of	the	city	were	_____.
9.	The	students	were	in	_____	about	the	topic	for	their	project.
10.	Misbehaving	in	class	is	_____	behavior.
Answers
H.	sunny
C.	agreement
E.	enjoyment
I.	enormous
O.	joyous
P.	kindness
L.	childish
R.	sadness
T.	selfish
N.	government
19.3	Colony	Founder
William	Penn	founded	the	colony	of	Pennsylvania	in	1682.	He	also	planned	and	named	a	city.
What	city	was	this?
To	answer	the	question,	read	each	sentence	below.	If	the	underlined	word	is	used	correctly,
write	the	letter	for	correct	in	the	space	above	its	sentence	number	at	the	bottom	of	the	page.	If	the
underlined	word	is	not	used	correctly,	write	the	letter	for	incorrect.	Some	letters	are	provided.
1.	The	sky	on	the	sunny	day	was	filled	with	clouds.
I.	correct
E.	incorrect
2.	Selfish	people	are	willing	to	share	with	others.
U.	correct
I.	incorrect
3.	Hurricanes	are	enormous	storms	that	can	cause	much	damage.
I.	correct
O.	incorrect
4.	Sadness	does	not	mean	sorrow.
F.	correct
L.	incorrect
5.	Jamie	loves	reading	and	finds	great	enjoyment	in	a	good	story.
L.	correct
H.	incorrect
6.	Everyone	at	the	meeting	was	in	agreement	that	a	new	school	needed	to	be	built.
A.	correct
S.	incorrect
7.	The	birth	of	the	baby	was	a	joyous	time	for	the	family.
H.	correct
A.	incorrect
8.	To	behave	properly	in	school,	students	should	act	in	a	childish	manner.
N.	correct
D.	incorrect
9.	The	evil	witch,	with	kindness	in	her	heart,	cast	a	terrible	spell	upon	the	village.
W.	correct
P.	incorrect
10.	A	country’s	government	is	its	system	for	ruling.
H.	correct
T.	incorrect
LESSON	20	Descriptive	Words,	I
Speakers	and	writers	use	descriptive	words	to	add	details	to	their	ideas.
1.	narrow	(adj):	not	wide;	thin
We	drove	carefully	down	the	narrow	road.
2.	famous	(adj):	well	known;	honored
Lisa’s	aunt	is	a	famous	author.
3.	slight	(adj):	small;	minor;	slender
There	is	a	slight	chance	for	rain	today.
4.	towering	(adj):	very	high;	lofty;	imposing
The	towering	mountains	reached	high	into	the	sky.
5.	exquisite	(adj):	beautifully	made;	very	lovely;	delicate
The	flower	vase	was	exquisite.
6.	fantastic	(adj):	strange;	odd;	weird
The	story	was	set	in	a	fantastic	future.
7.	different	(adj):	not	alike;	not	like	others;	various
The	students	were	given	different	topics	for	their	reports.
8.	dense	(adj):	crowded	together;	thick
The	dense	forest	was	filled	with	trees,	vines,	and	bushes.
9.	drowsy	(adj):	sleepy;	half-asleep
When	it	was	time	for	his	nap,	the	baby	became	drowsy.
10.	expensive	(adj):	costly;	high	in	price
The	movie	star	wore	expensive	clothing	and	jewelry.
Vocabulary	Tip
When	speaking	or	writing,	choose	descriptive	words	that	paint	pictures	in	the	minds	of	listeners
and	readers.
20.1	Vermont
Vermont	is	a	state	in	New	England.	There	is	something	that	all	of	the	New	England	states	except
Vermont	do.	What	is	this?
To	answer	the	question,	match	each	word	on	the	left	with	its	definition	on	the	right.	Write	the
letter	of	each	answer	in	the	space	above	the	word’s	number	at	the	bottom	of	the	page.	You	will
need	to	divide	the	letters	into	words.	Some	letters	are	provided.
20.2	A	First	for	the	Colonies
The	first	of	these	was	established	in	the	colonies	in	Virginia	in	1620.	It	was	made	possible	by	the
donations	of	English	landowners.	What	was	it?
To	answer	the	question,	complete	each	sentence	with	the	correct	word.	Choose	your	answers
from	the	words	after	each	sentence.	Write	the	letter	of	each	answer	in	the	space	above	its
sentence	number	at	the	bottom	of	the	page.	You	will	need	to	divide	the	letters	into	words.	Some
letters	are	provided.
1.	I	like	science	fiction	stories	with	_____	creatures.
U.	expensive
O.	narrow
I.	fantastic
2.	By	the	end	of	the	long	day,	my	little	sister	was	tired	and	_____.
C.	drowsy
L.	exquisite
W.	famous
3.	George	Washington	is	one	of	America’s	most	_____	leaders.
E.	unknown
A.	famous
O.	different
4.	Only	one	person	at	a	time	could	walk	up	the	_____	stairway	of	the	lighthouse.
L.	narrow
D.	slight
M.	dense
5.	The	_____	fog	made	it	hard	to	see.
N.	slight
R.	dense
E.	fantastic
6.	We	saw	many	_____	exhibits	at	the	museum.
S.	drowsy
M.	narrow
L.	different
7.	According	to	the	weather	report,	the	possibility	for	snow	today	is	_____.
P.	slight
H.	expensive
A.	dense
8.	I	was	amazed	at	the	city’s	_____	skyscrapers.
A.	slight
Y.	towering
E.	surprising
9.	The	tickets	for	the	front-row	seats	at	the	concert	were	_____.
C.	narrow
R.	expensive
N.	thoughtful
10.	The	small,	handmade	ornaments	were	_____.
B.	exquisite
H.	towering
S.	dense
20.3	Measuring	the	Clouds
This	instrument	is	used	to	measure	the	height	of	clouds.	What	is	it?
To	answer	the	question,	read	each	sentence	below.	Replace	each	underlined	word	or	phrase
with	the	word	that	has	a	similar	meaning.	Choose	your	answers	from	the	words	after	each
sentence.	Write	the	letter	of	each	answer	in	the	space	above	its	sentence	number	at	the	bottom	of
the	page.
1.	Norman	Rockwell	is	a	well-known	America	painter.
E.	famous
I.	fantastic
O.	different
2.	Bryan	had	a	minor	cold,	but	he	is	better	now.
U.	dense
O.	slender
I.	slight
3.	The	ice-cream	shop	had	various	flavors	to	choose	from.
E.	expensive
O.	different
A.	delicate
4.	Our	vacation	was	costly,	but	we	enjoyed	every	minute	of	it.
I.	fantastic
A.	minor
E.	expensive
5.	The	stream	was	shallow	and	not	wide.
E.	narrow
O.	harsh
Y.	delicate
6.	Even	though	I	was	half-asleep,	I	tried	to	stay	awake	to	watch	the	end	of	the	game.
S.	honored
L.	drowsy
M.	alert
7.	Looking	at	the	thick	weeds,	Tom	wondered	how	he	would	ever	clean	out	the	flower	bed.
S.	strange
N.	harsh
R.	dense
8.	The	flower	pot	was	beautifully	made.
P.	expensive
M.	exquisite
H.	weird
9.	The	lofty	peaks	of	the	mountain	range	were	snow-capped.
C.	towering
A.	various
L.	narrow
10.	Some	people	believe	that	fantastic	beings	from	outer	space	have	visited	Earth.
M.	different
H.	imposing
T.	strange
LESSON	21	Descriptive	Words,	II
Speakers	and	writers	use	descriptive	words	to	add	details	to	their	ideas.
1.	primitive	(adj):	uncivilized;	undeveloped;	early;	original
The	explorers	found	the	remains	of	a	primitive	village.
2.	eager	(adj):	impatiently	or	excitedly	wanting	or	waiting	for	something;	enthusiastic
Anna	was	eager	for	the	soccer	game	to	begin.
3.	unusual	(adj):	not	common;	rare
Big	snowstorms	are	unusual	in	the	southern	part	of	our	state.
4.	weary	(adj):	tired;	exhausted;	worn	out
We	were	weary	from	the	long	drive.
5.	excessive	(adj):	extreme;	too	much
Peter	thought	that	the	many	rules	in	Mrs.	Hart’s	class	were	excessive.
6.	pleasant	(adj):	delightful;	pleasing;	agreeable;	friendly
The	day	of	our	class	trip	was	sunny	and	pleasant.
7.	dazzling	(adj):	brilliant;	gleaming;	splendid
The	ring	was	dazzling	in	the	light.
8.	peaceful	(adj):	calm;	quiet;	liking	peace
After	the	storm	passed,	we	enjoyed	a	peaceful	night.
9.	frequent	(adj):	regular;	usual;	continual
Everyone	in	thefamily	looked	forward	to	Grandmother’s	frequent	visits.
10.	proud	(adj):	feeling	pleased	and	satisfied
Angela	was	proud	of	her	report	card.
Vocabulary	Tip
Descriptive	words	are	also	known	as	modifiers.
21.1	Colony	for	Religious	Freedom
The	colony	of	Rhode	Island	was	founded	in	1636.	The	colony	was	among	the	first	colonies	to
guarantee	religious	freedom.	Who	was	the	founder	of	Rhode	Island?
To	answer	the	question,	find	the	word	or	phrase	that	best	defines	each	word	below.	Choose
your	answers	from	the	choices	after	each	word.	Write	the	letter	of	each	answer	in	the	space
above	the	word’s	number	at	the	bottom	of	the	page.	You	will	need	to	divide	the	letters	into
words.	Some	letters	are	provided.
1.	pleasant:
M.	exhausted
R.	delightful
G.	satisfied
2.	eager:
T.	calm
S.	liking	peace
M.	impatiently	waiting
3.	dazzling:
S.	honorable
N.	tired
W.	brilliant
4.	proud:
V.	worn	out
O.	feeling	satisfied
R.	truthful
5.	unusual:
A.	rare
E.	gleaming
H.	quiet
6.	weary:
G.	agreeable
K.	entire
I.	tired
7.	primitive:
G.	uncivilized
W.	not	common
M.	feeling	pleased
8.	frequent:
Y.	splendid
L.	regular
H.	friendly
9.	peaceful:
N.	exhausted
R.	calm
W.	firm
10.	excessive:
E.	worn	out
O.	feeling	satisfied
S.	extreme
21.2	A	Colonial	Newspaper
The	Pennsylvania	Gazette	at	one	time	was	the	most	popular	newspaper	in	the	American
colonies.	Who	was	its	first	publisher?
To	answer	the	question,	complete	each	sentence	with	the	correct	word.	Choose	your	answers
from	the	words	after	the	sentences.	Write	the	letter	of	each	answer	in	the	space	above	its	sentence
number	at	the	bottom	of	the	page.	You	will	need	to	divide	the	letters	into	words.	One	letter	is
provided.
1.	Receiving	the	safety	patrol	award	made	Carlos	_____.
2.	The	fireworks	were	_____	in	the	night	sky.
3.	Snowfall	in	Florida	is	_____.
4.	The	_____	rainfall	caused	major	flooding	in	the	town.
5.	After	the	very	busy	day,	Thomas	looked	forward	to	a	_____	evening	at	home.
6.	To	make	sure	we	keep	up	with	our	work,	Mr.	Landis	gives	our	class	_____	quizzes.
7.	Our	dog	is	always	_____	to	play.
8.	After	hiking	all	day,	we	were	_____.
9.	Aunt	Jane	and	I	spent	a	_____	afternoon	together	shopping.
10.	The	_____	pottery	was	used	by	people	who	lived	thousands	of	years	ago.
Answers
E.	peaceful
F.	primitive
K.	dazzling
J.	eager
B.	pleasant
N.	weary
I.	unusual
L.	frequent
A.	excessive
R.	proud
21.3	The	Tallest	Dinosaur
Scientists	believe	that	a	certain	type	of	dinosaur	was	the	tallest,	with	a	height	measuring	about	60
feet	(18	meters).	What	dinosaur	was	this?
To	answer	the	question,	read	each	sentence	below.	Replace	each	underlined	word	or	phrase
with	the	word	or	phrase	that	has	a	similar	meaning.	Choose	your	answers	from	the	words	after
each	sentence.	Write	the	letter	of	each	answer	in	the	space	above	its	sentence	number	at	the
bottom	of	the	page.	Some	letters	are	provided.
1.	The	hostess	greeted	us	with	a	friendly	smile.
E.	quiet
O.	pleasant
I.	tired
2.	Kelly	was	weary	after	finishing	her	report.
U.	rare
R.	honorable
O.	exhausted
3.	Because	of	his	job,	my	father	makes	regular	trips	to	Los	Angeles.
O.	frequent
E.	peaceful
A.	splendid
4.	The	amount	of	snowfall	in	our	town	this	year	was	extreme.
L.	weary
S.	excessive
N.	not	common
5.	The	circus	performers	put	on	a	splendid	show.
W.	an	honorable
R.	a	dazzling
O.	a	proud
6.	The	nights	are	quiet	in	the	mountains.
D.	peaceful
T.	brilliant
M.	enthusiastic
7.	Brendon	was	feeling	satisfied	that	he	had	been	named	student	of	the	month.
O.	quiet
A.	proud
U.	agreeable
8.	Uncivilized	humans	created	wonderful	cave	paintings.
S.	Eager
X.	Rare
N.	Primitive
9.	Ali	was	impatiently	waiting	to	get	his	turn	at	the	game.
S.	eager
T.	delightful
A.	calm
10.	Jennifer	hardly	ever	gets	sick,	and	it	is	unusual	for	her	to	catch	a	cold.
E.	excessive
U.	exhausted
I.	rare
LESSON	22	Descriptive	Words,	III
Speakers	and	writers	use	descriptive	words	to	add	details	to	their	ideas.
1.	mysterious	(adj):	hard	to	understand;	puzzling
The	mysterious	package	turned	out	to	be	a	gift	from	my	grandmother.
2.	peculiar	(adj):	odd;	strange;	curious
The	peculiar	sound	was	coming	from	the	attic.
3.	frantic	(adj):	excited	with	fear;	agitated;	panicky
I	was	frantic	as	I	searched	for	my	social	studies	report.
4.	energetic	(adj):	very	active;	lively;	vigorous
Billy	is	energetic	and	never	gets	tired.
5.	scarce	(adj):	hard	to	get;	rare;	uncommon
Replacement	parts	for	the	old	car	were	scarce.
6.	generous	(adj):	unselfish;	willing	to	share	or	give
Mrs.	Hollings	made	a	generous	donation	to	the	library.
7.	enough	(adj):	plenty;	ample;	sufficient
Mom	always	brings	more	than	enough	food	for	the	family	picnic.
8.	ancient	(adj):	very	old;	of	a	long	time	ago;	primitive
The	ancient	village	offered	details	of	how	people	lived	thousands	of	years	ago.
9.	humble	(adj):	not	proud;	modest;	not	important
Juan	was	humble	in	accepting	his	award	for	community	service.
10.	splendid	(adj):	wonderful;	dazzling;	magnificent
The	fifth-grade	winter	concert	was	a	splendid	event.
Vocabulary	Tip
When	speaking	or	writing,	choose	descriptive	words	carefully.	Use	those	that	provide	sharp
details.
22.1	An	Animal	Scientist
A	zoologist	is	a	person	who	studies	animals.	Zoologists	who	study	certain	kinds	of	animals	have
special	names.	What	is	a	zoologist	who	specializes	in	studying	reptiles	and	amphibians	called?
To	answer	the	question,	match	each	word	on	the	left	with	its	definition	on	the	right.	Write	the
letter	of	each	answer	in	the	space	above	the	word’s	number	at	the	bottom	of	the	page.
22.2	A	Famous	Author
Lemony	Snicket	is	the	author	of	the	books	in	A	Series	of	Unfortunate	Events.	What	is	Lemony
Snicket’s	real	name?
To	answer	the	question,	complete	each	sentence	with	the	correct	word.	Choose	your	answers
from	the	words	after	each	sentence.	Write	the	letter	of	each	answer	in	the	space	above	its
sentence	number	at	the	bottom	of	the	page.	Some	letters	are	provided.
1.	The	_____	stillness	in	the	air	made	us	think	a	storm	was	brewing.
L.	frantic
I.	peculiar
O.	splendid
2.	I	was	certain	I	found	an	_____	arrowhead.
D.	ancient
W.	enough
T.	energetic
3.	More	people	than	expected	came	to	the	party,	but	we	had	_____	food.
N.	scarce
S.	humble
R.	enough
4.	Our	teacher	is	always	_____	with	her	time	and	willing	to	help	us.
I.	energetic
E.	generous
A.	splendid
5.	The	_____	sounds	in	the	old	house	frightened	me.
S.	scarce
M.	ancient
H.	mysterious
6.	Babysitting	the	_____	child	was	exhausting.
L.	energetic
O.	humble
R.	generous
7.	The	circus	performers	put	on	a	_____	show.
R.	humble
N.	scarce
L.	splendid
8.	Fresh	food	and	water	were	_____	the	day	after	the	destructive	storm.
R.	mysterious
D.	scarce
W.	generous
9.	Even	though	he	has	great	wealth,	Mr.	Jones	lives	in	a	_____	house.
A.	humble
E.	generous
O.	frantic
10.	Having	overslept,	I	was	_____	that	I	would	miss	the	bus.
L.	scarce
N.	frantic
S.	energetic
22.3	A	Deep	Summertime	Sleep
To	survive	winter	in	cold	climates,	some	animals	go	into	a	state	of	inactivity.	Their	breathing	and
heart	rates	become	very	low.	This	state	is	called	hibernation.	In	hot	climates,	some	animals	go
into	a	state	of	inactivity	to	survive	summer.	What	is	this	state	called?
To	answer	the	question,	read	each	sentence	below.	Replace	the	underlined	word	with	a	word
that	has	a	similar	meaning.	Choose	your	answers	from	the	words	after	each	sentence.	Write	the
letter	of	each	answer	in	the	space	above	its	sentence	number	at	the	bottom	of	the	page.	One	letter
is	provided.
1.	All	of	the	dancers	enjoyed	the	energetic	music.
I.	lively
E.	wonderful
A.	sufficient
2.	Trees	are	uncommon	at	the	peaks	of	high	mountains.
O.	ample
A.	scarce
U.	vigorous
3.	The	mysterious	scratching	was	caused	by	a	cat.
A.	rare
T.	magnificent
E.	puzzling
4.	Although	she	is	a	successful	artist,	Mrs.	Ellis	remains	a	humble	person.
C.	wonderful
N.	modest
R.	lively
5.	Rosa	always	gives	to	charity	and	is	the	most	unselfish	person	I	know.
N.	sufficient
A.	generous
H.	magnificent
6.We	had	no	explanation	for	the	odd	lights	in	the	night	sky.
G.	scarce
M.	agitated
V.	peculiar
7.	Five	scoops	of	ice	cream	were	sufficient	even	for	me.
I.	enough
U.	dazzling
A.	vigorous
8.	No	one	knew	who	built	the	primitive	monument.
E.	modest
O.	ancient
N.	uncommon
9.	Frantic	people	tried	to	leave	the	island	before	the	hurricane	arrived.
L.	Unselfish
D.	Ample
T.	Panicky
10.	We	spent	a	wonderful	day	sightseeing	in	the	city.
S.	splendid
P.	rare
M.	damp
LESSON	23	Descriptive	Words,	IV
Speakers	and	writers	use	descriptive	words	to	add	details	to	their	ideas.
1.	artificial	(adj):	man-made;	synthetic;	not	natural
The	artificial	flowers	looked	real.
2.	spare	(adj):	extra;	additional
We	always	keep	spare	batteries	on	hand.
3.	exotic	(adj):	unfamiliar;	strange;	unusual
The	parrot	had	exotic	feathers.
4.	difficult	(adj):	hard;	demanding;	burdensome
Last	night’s	math	homework	was	difficult.
5.	dependable	(adj):	reliable;	trustworthy
Bryan	is	one	of	the	most	dependable	students	in	his	class.
6.	ordinary	(adj):	common;	usual;	regular
We	enjoyed	a	quiet,	ordinary	day.
7.	vigorous	(adj):	energetic;	intense
Our	dance	instructor	led	us	through	a	vigorous	workout.
8.	impatient	(adj):	restless;	not	able	to	put	up	with	delay
Our	flight	was	late,	and	we	were	impatient	to	get	home.
9.	spectacular	(adj):	marvelous;	wonderful;	breathtaking
The	singers	at	the	concert	put	on	a	spectacular	performance.
10.	soggy	(adj):	soaked;	thoroughly	wet
The	ground	was	soggy	after	the	heavy	rain.
Vocabulary	Tip
Most	descriptive	words	are	adjectives.
23.1	Planet	Sizes
Of	the	planets	in	our	solar	system,	Earth	is	more	than	twice	the	size	of	the	smallest.	But	the
biggest	planet	in	our	solar	system	is	more	than	ten	times	the	size	of	Earth.	What	are	the	smallest
planet	and	the	biggest	planet	in	our	solar	system?
To	answer	the	question,	match	each	word	on	the	left	with	its	definition	on	the	right.	Write	the
letter	of	each	answer	in	the	space	above	the	word’s	number	at	the	bottom	of	the	page.	You	will
need	to	divide	the	letters	into	words.
23.2	States	of	Matter
Matter	is	anything	that	has	mass	and	takes	up	space.	Matter	has	three	states.	What	are	these	three
states?
To	answer	the	question,	read	each	sentence	below.	Replace	each	underlined	word	with	the
word	that	has	a	similar	meaning.	Choose	your	answers	from	the	words	after	each	sentence.	Write
the	letter	of	each	answer	in	the	space	above	its	sentence	number	at	the	bottom	of	the	page.	You
will	need	to	divide	the	letters	into	words.	Some	letters	are	provided.
1.	Because	of	the	broken	water	pipe,	the	rug	was	soaked.
T.	artificial
M.	exotic
D.	soggy
2.	Today’s	basketball	practice	was	intense.
U.	dependable
I.	vigorous
A.	spectacular
3.	I	have	the	usual	amount	of	homework	tonight.
O.	ordinary
A.	difficult
I.	spare
4.	The	robot’s	synthetic	skin	seemed	lifelike.
U.	artificial
A.	dependable
E.	ordinary
5.	The	fireworks	over	the	bay	were	breathtaking.
U.	vigorous
S.	impatient
L.	spectacular
6.	Grandpa’s	old	truck	is	very	reliable.
U.	difficult
A.	dependable
E.	vigorous
7.	The	zoo	had	unusual	animals	from	around	the	world.
N.	ordinary
L.	exotic
R.	artificial
8.	Mom	makes	sure	I	have	extra	pens,	pencils,	and	paper	for	school.
G.	spectacular
Q.	spare
M.	exotic
9.	Because	of	the	snowstorm,	traveling	was	hard	for	everyone.
S.	difficult
P.	dependable
E.	soggy
10.	James	is	restless	and	does	not	like	to	wait.
M.	vigorous
T.	difficult
G.	impatient
23.3	Falling	Water
When	clouds	have	too	much	moisture,	water	falls	to	the	earth.	Depending	upon	the	temperatures
in	the	clouds,	water	may	fall	as	rain,	snow,	or	hail.	What	is	the	term	for	water,	in	any	form,	that
falls	from	the	sky?
To	answer	the	question,	read	each	sentence	below.	If	the	underlined	word	is	used	correctly,
write	the	letter	for	correct	in	the	space	above	its	sentence	number.	If	the	underlined	word	is	not
used	correctly,	write	the	letter	for	incorrect.	Some	letters	are	provided.
1.	In	northern	climates,	winter	snowfalls	are	ordinary	events.
A.	correct
U.	incorrect
2.	Dad	and	I	went	on	a	vigorous	hike	yesterday.
P.	correct
M.	incorrect
3.	People	who	are	impatient	are	never	in	a	hurry.
H.	correct
I.	incorrect
4.	The	hot	sun	made	the	field	soggy.
R.	correct
O.	incorrect
5.	The	boring	movie	was	spectacular.
M.	correct
C.	incorrect
6.	Milk	that	comes	from	cows	is	artificial.
N.	correct
T.	incorrect
7.	Science	is	a	difficult	subject	for	Paul,	but	he	works	hard	and	does	well.
R.	correct
T.	incorrect
8.	Uncle	John	has	traveled	all	over	the	world,	and	he	tells	stories	of	exotic	places.
N.	correct
U.	incorrect
9.	You	can	never	count	on	Lindsay,	because	she	is	so	dependable.
S.	correct
P.	incorrect
10.	You	should	always	have	a	spare	tire	for	your	car.
T.	correct
I.	incorrect
LESSON	24	Compound	Words,	I
A	compound	word	is	a	word	that	is	made	of	two	or	more	words.	Compound	words	may	be	closed
(for	example,	playground),	open	(seat	belt),	or	hyphenated	(up-to-date).
1.	flashlight	(n):	a	small	portable	light	usually	powered	by	batteries
We	use	a	flashlight	when	a	storm	causes	the	power	to	go	out	during	the	night.
2.	weekend	(n):	the	end	of	the	week,	especially	Friday	evening	through	Sunday
Our	family	relaxes	during	the	weekend.
3.	playground	(n):	an	area	outside	for	play	and	recreation
Patrick	pushed	his	little	brother	on	the	swing	at	the	playground.
4.	seat	belt	(n):	a	safety	belt	or	strap	designed	to	hold	a	person	securely	in	a	seat
You	should	always	wear	a	seat	belt	when	riding	in	a	car.
5.	sweatshirt	(n):	a	heavy	pullover	with	long	sleeves,	often	worn	during	exercise
Emily	wears	a	sweatshirt	when	she	jogs.
6.	tablecloth	(n):	a	cloth	or	other	material	used	for	covering	a	table,	especially	during	a	meal
Rhiannon	put	a	plastic	tablecloth	on	the	picnic	table.
7.	up-to-date	(adj):	including	the	most	recent	changes;	current;	modern
Antonio	has	the	most	up-to-date	software	for	his	computer.
8.	sometimes	(adv):	once	in	a	while;	now	and	then;	occasionally
Sometimes	Mom	lets	me	stay	up	late	to	watch	the	end	of	a	movie.
9.	alarm	clock	(n):	a	clock	that	can	be	set	to	ring	or	buzz	at	a	certain	time
I	set	my	alarm	clock	for	seven	o’clock	each	morning.
10.	cardboard	(n):	stiff,	heavy	paper	used	in	making	boxes,	signs,	posters,	etc.
We	recycle	glass,	newspaper,	and	cardboard	every	week.
Vocabulary	Tip
The	meaning	of	a	compound	word	is	usually	built	upon	the	meanings	of	the	words	that	form	it.
24.1	Dinosaur	Time
Dinosaurs	lived	throughout	the	Mesozoic	Era.	This	period	of	the	earth’s	history	lasted	from	245
million	years	ago	to	65	million	years	ago.	The	Mesozoic	Era	is	often	referred	to	by	another	name.
What	is	this	name?
To	answer	the	question,	find	the	word	that	matches	each	definition	below.	Choose	your
answers	from	the	words	after	the	definitions.	Write	the	letter	of	each	answer	in	the	space	above
its	definition	number	at	the	bottom	of	the	page.	You	will	need	to	divide	the	letters	into	words.
Some	letters	are	provided.
1.	an	area	outside	for	play	and	recreation	_____
2.	once	in	a	while;	now	and	then;	occasionally	_____
3.	a	small	portable	light,	usually	powered	by	batteries	_____
4.	including	the	most	recent	changes;	current;	modern	_____
5.	a	heavy	pullover	with	long	sleeves	_____
6.	a	clock	that	can	be	set	to	ring	or	buzz	at	a	certain	time	_____
7.	the	end	of	the	week;	especially	Friday	evening	through	Sunday	_____
8.	a	cloth	or	other	material	used	for	covering	a	table,	especially	during	a	meal	_____
9.	a	safety	belt	or	strap	designed	to	hold	a	person	securely	in	a	seat	_____
10.	stiff,	heavy	paper	used	in	making	boxes,	signs,	posters,	etc.	_____
Answers
A.	flashlight
I.	up-to-date
O.	sweatshirt
E.	cardboard
H.	sometimes
G.	weekend
T.	tablecloth
P.	playground
L.	alarm	clock
S.	seat	belt
24.2	The	Nation’s	Capital
Washington,	DC,	is	the	capital	of	the	United	States.	What	does	DC	stand	for?
To	answer	the	question,	match	each	word	on	the	left	with	the	key	words	of	its	definition	on	the
right.	Write	the	letterof	each	answer	in	the	space	above	the	word’s	number	at	the	bottom	of	the
page.	Some	letters	are	provided.
24.3	A	President’s	False	Teeth
George	Washington	had	false	teeth.	What	was	Washington’s	first	set	of	false	teeth	made	of?
To	answer	the	question,	complete	each	sentence	with	the	correct	word.	Choose	your	answers
from	the	words	after	the	sentences.	Write	the	letter	of	each	answer	in	the	space	above	its	sentence
number	at	the	bottom	of	the	page.	Some	letters	are	provided.
1.	Keeping	an	_____	assignment	pad	helps	Keisha	turn	in	her	work	on	time.
2.	Students	at	our	school	spend	recess	on	the	_____.
3.	When	he	plays	outside	on	cool	days,	Jeremy	wears	a	_____.
4.	Alison	used	a	_____	to	look	under	the	bed	for	her	dog’s	lost	toy.
5.	Our	new	computer	was	delivered	in	a	box	made	of	thick	_____.
6.	Mom	and	I	covered	the	table	with	a	new	_____	for	dinner.
7._____	we	fish	in	the	stream	behind	my	house.
8.	After	a	hard	week	of	work,	Cory	looked	forward	to	the	_____.
9.	I	was	late	for	school	because	I	forgot	to	set	my	_____.
10.	My	mom	reminds	me	to	wear	a	_____	in	the	car.
Answers
U.	playground
T.	weekend
S.	tablecloth
P.	seat	belt
R.	up-to-date
Y.	sometimes
M.	flashlight
I.	sweatshirt
H.	alarm	clock
O.	cardboard
LESSON	25	Compound	Words,	II
A	compound	word	is	a	word	that	is	made	of	two	or	more	words.	Compound	words	may	be	closed
(for	example,	homework),	open	(peanut	butter),	or	hyphenated	(full-time).
1.	homework	(n):	work	for	school	that	is	done	at	home
Carla	does	her	homework	right	after	dinner.
2.	nearby	(adj):	a	short	distance	away;	close	by;	(adv):	not	far	away
My	grandparents	live	in	a	nearby	town.
My	grandparents	live	nearby.
3.	peanut	butter	(n):	a	spreadable	food	made	from	roasted,	ground	peanuts
Peanut	butter	is	one	of	Joe’s	favorite	snacks.
4.	full-time	(adj):	requiring	all	of	a	person’s	time;	working	what	is	considered	to	be	a	whole
day
Watching	my	little	sister	is	a	full-time	job.
5.	newspaper	(n):	a	daily	or	weekly	publication	that	contains	news,	advertisements,	comics,
etc.
My	father	reads	the	newspaper	every	morning.
6.	waterproof	(adj):	unaffected	by	water
I	wear	waterproof	shoes	on	rainy	days.
7.	mailbox	(n):	a	box	to	which	mail	is	delivered	or	from	which	it	is	picked	up
Alex	checks	the	mailbox	each	day	when	he	comes	home	from	school.
8.	somewhere	(adv):	in	or	to	a	place
I	left	my	glasses	somewhere	in	the	house.
9.	driveway	(n):	a	road	connecting	a	building	to	a	street
Dad	parks	his	car	in	the	driveway.
10.	fireplace	(n):	a	place	for	holding	a	fire
In	the	past,	a	fireplace	was	the	only	source	of	heat	for	a	house.
Vocabulary	Tip
Language	changes	over	time.	Some	open	and	hyphenated	compound	words	may	one	day	become
closed	compounds.
25.1	The	American	Flag
The	flag	of	the	United	States	has	some	nicknames.	One	is	“Old	Glory.”	Another	is	“the	Red,
White,	and	Blue.”	What	is	a	third?
To	answer	the	question,	find	the	word	that	matches	each	definition	below.	Choose	your
answers	from	the	words	after	the	definitions.	Write	the	letter	of	each	answer	in	the	space	above
its	definition	number	at	the	bottom	of	the	page.	You	will	need	to	divide	the	letters	into	words.
1.	a	box	to	which	mail	is	delivered	or	from	which	it	is	picked	up	_____
2.	a	short	distance	away	_____
3.	a	daily	or	weekly	publication	containing	news,	advertisements,	comics,	etc.	_____
4.	a	spreadable	food	made	from	roasted,	ground	peanuts	_____
5.	a	road	connecting	a	building	to	a	street	_____
6.	requiring	all	of	a	person’s	time	_____
7.	in	or	to	a	place	_____
8.	work	for	school	that	is	done	at	home	_____
9.	a	place	for	holding	a	fire	_____
10.	unaffected	by	water	_____
Answers
S.	waterproof
T.	driveway
N.	homework
P.	full-time
I.	nearby
D.	mailbox
R.	somewhere
E.	fireplace
A.	newspaper
H.	peanut	butter
25.2	A	State	Name
Many	American	place	names	come	from	Native	American	words.	For	example,	Kentucky	comes
from	the	Iroquoian	word	kentahten.	What	does	kentahten	mean?
To	answer	the	question,	match	each	word	on	the	left	with	the	key	words	of	its	definition	on	the
right.	Write	the	letter	of	each	answer	in	the	space	above	the	word’s	number	at	the	bottom	of	the
page.	You	will	need	to	divide	the	letters	into	words.
25.3	Reading	of	the	Declaration	of	Independence
The	first	public	reading	of	the	Declaration	of	Independence	was	held	on	July	8,	1776,	in
Philadelphia.	How	were	citizens	called	to	hear	this	first	reading?
To	answer	the	question,	complete	each	sentence	with	the	correct	word.	Choose	your	answers
from	the	words	after	the	sentences.	Write	the	letter	of	each	answer	in	the	space	above	its	sentence
number	at	the	bottom	of	the	page.	You	will	need	to	divide	the	letters	into	words.	Some	letters	are
provided.
1.	Every	summer	we	swim	in	a	_____	lake.
2.	Erica’s	_____	coat	keeps	her	dry	in	rainy	weather.
3.	Tim	knew	his	keys	had	to	be	_____	in	the	house.
4.	Dave	checked	the	_____	for	a	birthday	card	from	his	grandmother.
5.	Hannah’s	mom	works	_____	at	the	post	office.
6.	Mrs.	Parker	reads	the	_____	on	the	train	on	her	way	to	work.
7.	Our	teacher	does	not	assign	_____	on	the	weekends.
8.	The	_____	from	the	road	to	the	mountain	cabin	was	long	and	windy.
9.	Wood	burning	in	the	_____	provided	heat	to	the	room.
10.	Many	people	like	to	spread	_____	on	bananas	and	apples.
Answers
T.	newspaper
N.	waterproof
B.	fireplace
I.	full-time
L.	peanut	butter
E.	mailbox
R.	driveway
O.	somewhere
Y.	nearby
G.	homework
LESSON	26	Words	Based	on	Names
An	eponym	is	a	word	that	comes	from	the	name	of	a	person.	A	toponym	is	a	word	that	comes	from
the	name	of	a	place.	Some	words	are	based	on	the	names	of	gods	and	goddesses	of	mythology.
1.	cereal	(n):	a	food	made	from	grain,	such	as	wheat,	oats,	or	corn	often	eaten	for	breakfast
The	word	cereal	comes	from	Ceres,	the	Roman	goddess	of	agriculture.
2.	Braille	(n):	a	system	of	writing	with	raised	dots	used	by	blind	people	for	reading
Louis	Braille,	a	blind	French	teacher,	invented	Braille.
3.	saxophone	(n):	a	musical	instrument
Antoine	Sax,	a	Belgian	instrument	maker,	invented	the	saxophone.
4.	frankfurter	(n):	a	sausage	made	of	beef	or	beef	and	pork,	commonly	called	a	hot	dog
The	frankfurter	is	named	after	the	German	city	of	Frankfurt.
5.	limerick	(n):	a	humorous	poem	of	five	lines	with	the	rhyme	pattern	AABBA
The	limerick	is	named	for	the	county	of	Limerick	in	Ireland.
6.	sandwich	(n):	slices	of	bread	with	meat,	cheese,	or	another	food	between	them
The	sandwich	is	named	after	Englishman	John	Montagu,	the	Earl	of	Sandwich.
7.	volcano	(n):	a	mountain	formed	by	lava	that	rises	through	openings	in	the	earth’s	surface
The	word	volcano	comes	from	Vulcan,	the	Roman	god	of	fire.
8.	Ferris	wheel	(n):	a	big	upright,	turning	wheel	with	hanging	seats;	a	ride	at	amusement	parks
George	Ferris	invented	the	Ferris	wheel	in	1893.
9.	Fahrenheit	(adj):	pertaining	to	a	temperature	scale	with	the	freezing	point	of	water	at	32
degrees	and	the	boiling	point	at	212	degrees
Gabriel	Fahrenheit,	a	German	scientist,	invented	the	Fahrenheit	thermometer.
10.	Celsius	(adj):	pertaining	to	a	temperature	scale	with	the	freezing	point	of	water	at	0
degrees	and	the	boiling	point	at	100	degrees
Anders	Celsius,	a	Swedish	scientist,	invented	the	Celsius	thermometer.
Vocabulary	Tip
Eponyms,	toponyms,	and	words	based	on	mythology	have	interesting	origins.
26.1	Planets	of	Our	Solar	System
The	eight	planets	of	our	solar	system	are	Mercury,	Venus,	Earth,	Mars,	Jupiter,	Saturn,	Uranus,
and	Neptune.	Four	of	the	planets	are	made	mostly	of	gas	and	are	not	solid.	The	other	four	are
solid,	rocky	bodies.	Which	planets	in	our	solar	system	are	rocky	bodies?
To	answer	the	question,	find	the	word	that	matches	each	definition	below.	Choose	your
answers	from	the	words	after	the	definitions.	Write	the	letter	of	each	answer	in	the	space	above
its	definition	number	at	the	bottom	of	the	page.	You	will	need	to	divide	the	letters	into	words.
Some	letters	are	provided.
1.	pertaining	to	a	temperature	scale	that	shows	water	freezing	at	32	degrees	and	boiling	at	212
degrees_____
2.	a	humorous	poem	of	five	lines	with	the	rhyme	pattern	AABBA	_____
3.	two	or	more	slices	of	bread	with	meat,	cheese,	or	another	food	between	them	_____
4.	a	system	of	writing	with	raised	dots	used	by	blind	people	for	reading	_____
5.	a	big	upright,	turning	wheel	with	hanging	seats	_____
6.	a	mountain	formed	by	lava	that	rises	through	openings	in	the	earth’s	surface	_____
7.	a	food	made	from	grain	such	as	wheat,	oats,	or	corn	_____
8.	a	musical	instrument	_____
9.	pertaining	to	a	temperature	scale	that	shows	water	freezing	at	0	degrees	and	boiling	at	100
degrees	_____
10.	a	sausage	commonly	called	a	hot	dog	_____
Answers
U.	cereal
R.	frankfurter
E.	limerick
H.	saxophone
N.	Fahrenheit
Y.	volcano
A.	Braille
M.	Celsius
V.	Ferris	wheel
S.	sandwich
26.2	First	Balloon	Flight	in	America
In	1793,	this	Frenchman	made	the	first	balloon	flight	in	America.	He	took	off	in	Philadelphia	and
landed	in	Gloucester	County,	New	Jersey.	Who	was	he?
To	answer	the	question,	complete	each	sentence	with	the	correct	word.	Choose	your	answers
from	the	words	after	the	sentences.	Write	the	letter	of	each	answer	in	the	space	above	its	sentence
number	at	the	bottom	of	the	page.	Some	letters	are	provided.
1.	We	like	to	ride	the	_____	at	the	amusement	park.
2.	Jillian’s	mom	packs	her	a	ham	_____	for	lunch.
3.	Lila	eats	_____	for	breakfast	every	morning.
4.	For	his	assignment	to	write	a	poem,	Josh	wrote	a	_____.
5.	My	grandfather	calls	a	hot	dog	a	_____.
6.	An	erupting	_____	can	cause	much	destruction.
7.	On	a	_____	thermometer,	water	freezes	at	32	degrees.
8.	Jimmy	plays	the	_____	in	the	school	band.
9.	After	learning	_____,	blind	people	are	able	to	read.
10.	On	a	_____	thermometer,	water	boils	at	100	degrees.
Answers
E.	Celsius
R.	Braille
A.	cereal
H.	volcano
D.	Ferris	wheel
P.	limerick
B.	saxophone
J.	frankfurter
N.	Fahrenheit
C.	sandwich
26.3	A	Renewable	Form	of	Energy
This	renewable	form	of	energy	uses	heat	that	rises	from	deep	within	the	earth.	What	is	the	name
of	this	form	of	energy?
To	answer	the	question,	read	each	sentence	below.	If	the	underlined	word	is	used	correctly,
write	the	letter	for	correct	in	the	space	above	its	sentence	number	at	the	bottom	of	the	page.	If	the
underlined	word	is	not	used	correctly,	write	the	letter	for	incorrect.
1.	A	frankfurter	is	a	sausage	made	of	beef	or	beef	and	pork.
E.	correct
O.	incorrect
2.	A	volcano	is	a	valley	between	two	mountains.
C.	correct
T.	incorrect
3.	A	limerick	is	a	poem	about	Ireland.
I.	correct
A.	incorrect
4.	My	Aunt	Tina	is	blind,	but	she	can	read	with	Braille.
R.	correct
M.	incorrect
5.	A	Ferris	wheel	is	usually	found	at	an	amusement	park	or	carnival.
O.	correct
U.	incorrect
6.	The	boiling	point	of	water	on	a	Celsius	thermometer	is	212	degrees.
R.	correct
L.	incorrect
7.	Tommy	practices	his	saxophone	every	evening.
H.	correct
O.	incorrect
8.	Mika	put	ham	between	two	slices	of	bread	to	make	a	sandwich.
G.	correct
M.	incorrect
9.	The	freezing	point	of	water	on	a	Fahrenheit	thermometer	is	0	degrees.
Y.	correct
E.	incorrect
10.	Cereal	is	a	type	of	meat	used	in	making	sandwiches.
T.	correct
M.	incorrect
LESSON	27	Portmanteau	Words
Portmanteau	words	are	words	that	blend	the	sounds	and	combine	the	meanings	of	two	words.
Portmanteau	words	are	also	known	as	“blends.”
1.	brash	(adj):	hasty;	rash;	unthinking	(from	bold	and	rash)
Derrick	is	a	brash	young	man.
2.	splurge	(v):	to	spend	excessively	(from	splash	and	surge)
My	older	sister	likes	to	splurge	at	the	mall.
3.	brunch	(n):	a	meal	that	is	a	combination	of	breakfast	and	lunch	(from	breakfast	and	lunch)
We	went	to	brunch	on	Sunday.
4.	flop	(v):	to	fall	down	heavily	(from	flap	and	drop)
Tonya	was	tired	and	wanted	to	flop	on	the	couch.
5.	motel	(n):	a	hotel	for	people	traveling	by	car	(from	motor	and	hotel)
We	stayed	overnight	in	a	motel	on	our	drive	to	visit	my	grandparents.
6.	smog	(n):	fog	that	is	mixed	with	smoke	and	pollution	(from	smoke	and	fog)
The	smog	was	very	thick	in	the	city.
7.	smash	(v):	to	break	violently;	to	shatter	(from	smack	and	mash)
The	big	wave	will	smash	the	sand	castle.
8.	moped	(n):	a	motorized	bicycle	(from	motor	and	pedal)
Michael	rides	his	moped	on	his	grandfather’s	farm.
9.	chortle	(n):	a	snorting,	happy	chuckle;	(v):	to	utter	a	snorting,	happy	chuckle	(from	chuckle
and	snort)
Morgan’s	baby	brother	will	chortle	when	he’s	happy.
The	clown	began	his	act	with	a	chortle.
10.	squiggle	(n):	a	wiggly	mark;	a	scrawl;	(v):	to	squirm	and	wriggle	(from	squirm	and
wriggle)
While	doodling,	Rosa	made	a	squiggle	on	her	paper.
My	baby	brother	likes	to	squiggle	around	the	floor.
Vocabulary	Tip
Portmanteau	is	a	French	word	that	means	“suitcase.”	Just	as	two	parts	of	a	suitcase	close	into
one	piece	of	luggage,	portmanteau	words	have	two	parts	that	become	one	word.	Their	meanings
usually	are	based	on	the	meanings	of	the	words	that	they	are	formed	from.
27.1	Breathing
When	we	exercise,	we	breathe	faster	than	when	we	are	resting.	About	how	many	times	per	minute
does	the	average	adult	breathe	when	resting?
To	answer	the	question,	find	the	word	that	matches	each	definition	below.	Choose	your
answers	from	the	words	that	follow	each	definition.	Write	the	letter	of	each	answer	in	the	space
above	its	definition	number	at	the	bottom	of	the	page.	You	will	need	to	divide	the	letters	into
words.	Some	letters	are	provided.
1.	a	wiggly	mark;	a	scrawl
A.	chortle
I.	brash
E.	squiggle
2.	a	meal	that	is	a	combination	of	breakfast	and	lunch
T.	brunch
N.	smog
U.	splurge
3.	a	hotel	for	people	traveling	by	car
E.	squiggle
W.	flop
T.	motel
4.	to	break	violently;	to	shatter
F.	chortle
T.	smash
S.	squiggle
5.	fog	mixed	with	smoke	and	pollution
T.	smog
U.	smash
N.	chortle
6.	a	snorting,	happy	chuckle
O.	flop
W.	chortle
H.	smash
7.	to	spend	excessively
E.	moped
T.	brunch
N.	splurge
8.	to	fall	down	heavily
L.	flop
R.	smash
E.	brash
9.	a	motorized	bicycle
U.	smash
R.	chortle
W.	moped
10.	hasty;	rash;	unthinking
T.	moped
V.	brash
Y.	squiggle
27.2	Inventor	of	the	Dishwasher
This	woman	invented	the	dishwasher	in	1886.	Who	was	she?
To	answer	the	question,	match	each	word	on	the	left	with	the	words	that	it	is	formed	from	on
the	right.	Write	the	letter	of	each	answer	in	the	space	above	the	word’s	number	at	the	bottom	of
the	page.	Some	letters	are	provided.
27.3	A	Prairie	Author
This	author	was	65	years	old	when	she	published	her	first	book.	She	wrote	about	life	on	the
prairie.	Who	was	she?
To	answer	the	question,	complete	each	sentence	with	the	correct	word.	Choose	your	answers
from	the	words	after	the	sentences.	Write	the	letter	of	each	answer	in	the	space	above	its	sentence
number	at	the	bottom	of	the	page.	One	letter	is	provided.
1.	Kevin’s	favorite	pastime	is	riding	his	_____.
2.	After	waking	up	late,	Mom	and	I	went	to	a	diner	for	_____.
3.	The	_____	was	so	thick	that	we	could	barely	see.
4.	Our	dog	tried	to	_____	under	the	fence.
5.	When	we	go	shopping,	we	try	not	to	_____.
6.	The	teacher	asked	who	was	making	a	_____	and	disturbing	the	class.
7.	After	driving	all	day,	we	spent	the	night	in	a	_____.
8.	Manuel	is	always	in	a	hurry	and	can	be	very	_____.
9.	Our	dog	likes	to	_____	on	her	pillow	after	playing	outside.
10.	The	karate	expert	tried	to	_____	a	board	with	his	bare	hand.
Answers
E.	chortle
D.	brunch
U.	splurge
W.	brash
N.	moped
I.	squiggle
R.	smog
G.	flop
L.	smash
A.	motel
LESSON	28	Clipped	Words
Many	long	words	are	shortened	by	common	use.	These	words	are	referred	to	as	clipped	words.
1.	burger	(n):	a	hamburger;	a	sandwich	made	with	a	patty	of	ground	meat,	usually	beef
Martin	ate	a	burger	for	dinner.
2.	ump	(n):	umpire;	a	person	who	rules	on	the	plays	of	a	game
The	ump	called	Ellie	out	at	first	base.
3.	gym	(n):	gymnasium;	a	room	for	exercise	or	sports
We	played	basketball	in	the	gym.
4.	math	(n):	mathematics;	the	science	that	deals	with	numbers	and	measurement
Math	is	Katie’s	favorite	subject	because	she	is	good	with	numbers.
5.	champ	(n):	champion;a	person	who	holds	first	place	or	wins	first	prize	in	a	contest	or
sports	event
Nicholas	is	the	champ	of	the	fifth-grade	100-yard	dash.
6.	flu	(n):	influenza;	an	illness	with	fever,	sore	throat,	body	aches,	and	fatigue	caused	by	a
virus
Colin	had	the	flu	and	missed	a	week	of	school.
7.	plane	(n):	airplane;	a	winged	vehicle	capable	of	flying
Our	family	traveled	to	Chicago	by	plane.
8.	condo	(n):	condominium;	an	apartment	that	is	owned	rather	than	rented
Ben’s	grandparents	live	in	a	condo	in	Florida.
9.	fridge	(n):	refrigerator;	a	box,	cabinet,	or	room	for	storing	foods	or	other	substances	at	low
temperatures
Ann	helped	her	mother	put	the	groceries	into	the	fridge.
10.	deli	(n):	delicatessen;	a	shop	that	sells	foods	ready	for	serving
Dad	bought	sandwiches	at	the	deli	for	lunch.
Vocabulary	Tip
Clipped	words	have	the	same	meaning	as	their	longer	forms.
28.1	Life	in	the	Sea
One	type	of	scientist	studies	plants	and	animals	that	live	in	the	ocean.	What	is	this	scientist
called?
To	answer	the	question,	match	each	clipped	word	on	the	left	with	its	longer	form	on	the	right.
Write	the	letter	of	each	answer	in	the	space	above	the	clipped	word’s	number	at	the	bottom	of	the
page.	Some	letters	are	provided.
28.2	Named	for	a	Queen
The	colony	of	Maryland	was	named	after	the	queen	of	Charles	I	of	England.	What	was	the
queen’s	name?
To	answer	the	question,	find	the	word	for	each	definition	below.	Choose	your	answers	from
the	words	that	follow	each	definition.	Write	the	letter	of	each	answer	in	the	space	above	its
definition	number	at	the	bottom	of	the	page.	Some	letters	are	provided.
1.	a	winged	vehicle	capable	of	flying
R.	condo
I.	deli
N.	plane
2.	a	box,	cabinet,	or	room	for	storing	foods	or	other	substances	at	low	temperatures
S.	champ
N.	gym
A.	fridge
3.	a	sandwich	made	with	a	patty	of	ground	meat,	usually	beef
T.	burger
I.	flu
O.	condo
4.	a	shop	that	sells	foods	ready	for	serving
U.	gym
R.	deli
A.	burger
5.	a	person	who	rules	on	the	plays	of	a	game
I.	ump
Y.	champ
S.	fridge
6.	an	apartment	that	is	owned	rather	than	rented
A.	plane
N.	deli
E.	condo
7.	the	science	that	deals	with	numbers	and	measurement
D.	gym
M.	math
A.	champ
8.	an	illness	with	fever,	sore	throat,	body	aches,	and	fatigue	caused	by	a	virus
U.	condo
E.	flu
O.	ump
9.	a	person	who	holds	first	place	or	wins	first	place	in	a	contest	or	sports	event
H.	champ
M.	ump
A.	gym
10.	a	room	for	exercise	or	sports
N.	plane
R.	gym
S.	condo
28.3	Parts	of	the	Earth
The	equator	divides	the	earth	into	two	equal	parts.	What	are	these	parts,	or	halves,	called?
To	answer	the	question,	complete	each	sentence	with	the	correct	word.	Choose	your	answers
from	the	words	after	each	sentence.	Write	the	letter	of	each	answer	in	the	space	above	its
sentence	number	at	the	bottom	of	the	page.	One	letter	is	provided.
1.	We	visited	my	Aunt	Emily	at	her	_____	in	New	York.
E.	condo
U.	plane
I.	fridge
2.	It	is	poor	sportsmanship	to	argue	with	the	_____.
R.	champ
N.	gym
S.	ump
3.	Shane	likes	working	with	numbers	and	does	well	in	_____.
U.	deli
E.	math
I.	gym
4.	Stephanie	was	the	_____	of	the	fourth-grade	spelling	bee.
A.	plane
U.	condo
E.	champ
5.	After	dinner,	Dad	put	the	leftovers	in	the	_____.
U.	condo
I.	fridge
A.	deli
6.	Scott	was	sick	with	the	_____	last	week.
N.	math
T.	gym
R.	flu
7.	Dad	grilled	a	_____	for	me	and	hot	dogs	for	everyone	else.
P.	burger
M.	deli
C.	fridge
8.	We	always	buy	our	meat	from	the	_____.
R.	burger
H.	deli
O.	condo
9.	The	fastest	way	to	get	from	New	York	to	Los	Angeles	is	by	_____.
H.	plane
S.	condo
M.	flu
10.	We	played	floor	hockey	in	the	_____.
N.	condo
C.	deli
M.	gym
LESSON	29	Words	from	Other	Languages,	I
English	contains	many	words	that	come	from	other	languages.
1.	rodeo	(n):	a	competition	or	show	featuring	skills	such	as	horseback	riding,	bull	riding,	and
lassoing	(from	Spanish)
The	most	exciting	event	at	the	rodeo	was	the	bull	riding.
2.	yacht	(n):	a	relatively	small	ship	used	for	pleasure	(from	Dutch)
Melissa	enjoyed	sailing	on	her	uncle’s	yacht.
3.	mustang	(n):	a	wild	horse	(from	Spanish)
The	mustang	galloped	across	the	prairie.
4.	haiku	(n):	a	poem	of	17	syllables	(from	Japanese)
Terence	wrote	a	haiku	for	his	school’s	poetry	magazine.
5.	patio	(n):	an	outdoor	space	that	is	near	a	home	and	is	used	for	eating	and	relaxing	(from
Spanish)
We	ate	dinner	on	our	patio	last	night.
6.	macaroni	(n):	a	type	of	noodle	in	the	shape	of	hollow	tubes,	prepared	for	eating	by	boiling
(from	Italian)
Gena’s	favorite	food	is	macaroni	with	cheese.
7.	depot	(n):	a	bus	or	railroad	station;	a	storehouse	(from	French)
People	waited	at	the	depot	for	the	train	to	come.
8.	waffle	(n):	a	batter	cake	cooked	between	two	metal	plates	(from	Dutch)
Mom	cooked	a	waffle	for	me	for	breakfast.
9.	umbrella	(n):	a	device	made	of	a	light	frame	and	cover	for	protection	against	rain	and	sun
(from	Italian)
Stacy’s	umbrella	protected	her	from	the	rain.
10.	chef	(n):	a	cook;	the	chief	cook	in	a	restaurant	(from	French)
Matt	likes	to	cook	and	hopes	to	be	a	chef	someday.
Vocabulary	Tip
English	is	constantly	growing	as	people	add	new	words	from	other	languages.
29.1	A	Colonial	Tune
British	soldiers	sang	this	song	to	make	fun	of	American	colonists.	In	time	the	colonists	adopted
the	song	as	their	own.	What	was	the	title	of	this	song?
To	answer	the	question,	find	the	word	for	each	definition	below.	Choose	your	answers	from
the	words	that	follow	each	definition.	Write	the	letter	of	each	answer	in	the	space	above	its
definition	number	at	the	bottom	of	the	page.	You	will	need	to	divide	the	letters	into	words.	Some
letters	are	provided.
1.	an	outdoor	space	that	is	near	a	home	and	used	for	eating	and	relaxing
H.	depot
A.	patio
E.	rodeo
2.	a	batter	cake	cooked	between	two	metal	plates
E.	waffle
N.	haiku
C.	yacht
3.	a	cook;	the	chief	cook	of	a	restaurant
A.	macaroni
E.	mustang
N.	chef
4.	a	wild	horse
D.	mustang
E.	patio
R.	waffle
5.	a	competition	or	show	featuring	skills	such	as	horseback	riding,	bull	riding,	and	lassoing
D.	haiku
L.	rodeo
N.	mustang
6.	a	type	of	noodle	in	the	shape	of	hollow	tubes,	prepared	for	eating	by	boiling
G.	waffle
N.	chef
E.	macaroni
7.	a	Japanese	poem	of	17	syllables
B.	depot
M.	yacht
D.	haiku
8.	a	device	made	of	a	light	frame	and	cover	for	protection	against	rain	and	sun
N.	patio
K.	umbrella
R.	waffle
9.	a	relatively	small	ship	used	for	pleasure
Y.	yacht
S.	mustang
W.	depot
10.	a	bus	or	railroad	station;	a	storehouse
U.	patio
A.	yacht
O.	depot
29.2	A	Special	Means	of	Communication
Many	deaf	people	use	a	system	of	gestures,	facial	expressions,	and	a	hand	alphabet	to
communicate.	What	is	this	system	called?
To	answer	the	question,	read	each	sentence	below.	Replace	each	underlined	word	or	phrase
with	the	word	or	phrase	that	has	a	similar	meaning.	Choose	your	answers	from	the	words	after
each	sentence.	Write	the	letter	of	each	answer	in	the	space	above	its	sentence	number	at	the
bottom	of	the	page.	You	will	need	to	divide	the	letters	into	words.	Some	letters	are	provided.
1.	The	wild	horse	was	one	of	the	most	beautiful	horses	Liza	had	ever	seen.
D.	waffle
S.	haiku
E.	mustang
2.	We	had	a	great	time	at	the	show	that	had	horseback	riding,	bull	riding,	and	rope	tricks.
L.	depot
G.	rodeo
N.	patio
3.	To	protect	ourselves	from	the	sun	when	we	are	at	the	beach,	we	sit	under	a	device	with	a
dark	cover.
A.	a	waffle
I.	an	umbrella
H.	a	yacht
4.	We	ate	salad	and	noodles	with	cheese	for	dinner	last	night.
G.	macaroni
I.	waffle
D.	patio
5.	Lenny	arrived	at	the	station	just	in	time	for	the	bus.
N.	depot
T.	patio
O.	haiku
6.	We	enjoyed	an	evening	cruise	on	the	ship.
E.	chef
A.	yacht
U.	rodeo
7.	Gloria	cooked	a	thick	batter	cake	between	two	metal	plates.
I.	macaroni
S.	haiku
U.	waffle
8.	Dad	set	up	the	hammock	on	the	space	outside	next	to	our	house.
A.	umbrella
S.	patio
P.	depot
9.	We	had	to	write	a	Japanese	poem	of	17	syllables	for	homework.
G.	haiku
C.	rodeo
R.	mustang
10.	Mom	complimentedthe	cook	for	our	excellent	dinners	at	the	restaurant.
U.	macaroni
M.	waffle
L.	chef
29.3	Salesman	for	a	Silly	Toy
A	stretchy	material	that	came	to	be	called	Silly	Putty	was	developed	at	General	Electric	in	1944.
In	1949,	a	man	began	selling	Silly	Putty	in	plastic	eggs.	Who	was	the	man	who	first	sold	Silly
Putty?
To	answer	the	question,	complete	each	sentence	with	the	correct	word.	Choose	your	answers
from	the	words	after	the	sentences.	Write	the	letter	of	each	answer	in	the	space	above	its	sentence
number	at	the	bottom	of	the	page.
1.	The	restaurant’s	_____	prepared	delicious	meals.
2.	The	_____	is	a	Japanese	poem	of	17	syllables.
3.	I	helped	Mom	boil	_____	for	dinner.
4.	Lisa’s	father	works	at	a	bus	_____.
5.	Cowboys	and	cowgirls	rode	horses	and	performed	rope	tricks	in	the	town’s	annual	_____.
6.	I	forgot	my	_____	and	got	soaked	in	the	rain.
7.	I	enjoy	relaxing	on	the	_____	when	the	weather	is	warm.
8.	Sean’s	uncle	Danny	sails	to	Florida	on	his	_____	every	summer.
9.	The	_____	was	cooked	perfectly	on	both	sides.
10.	The	powerful	_____	was	the	leader	of	a	herd	of	wild	horses.
Answers
S.	haiku
R.	patio
P.	waffle
H.	depot
N.	macaroni
E.	rodeo
O.	mustang
D.	chef
G.	umbrella
T.	yacht
LESSON	30	Words	from	Other	Languages,	II
English	contains	many	words	that	come	from	other	languages.
1.	hurricane	(n):	a	very	powerful	storm	that	begins	over	the	ocean	(from	Spanish)
People	left	the	island	before	the	hurricane	struck.
2.	ballet	(n):	a	formal	dance	with	graceful	movements	(from	French)
Ballet	is	Samantha’s	favorite	dance.
3.	knapsack	(n):	a	bag	made	of	canvas	or	leather	that	is	carried	on	the	back	(from	German)
Jake	packed	his	knapsack	for	a	long	hike.
4.	mayor	(n):	the	head	of	a	town	or	city	government	(from	French)
The	mayor	called	an	emergency	meeting	of	the	town’s	council.
5.	judge	(n):	a	person	who	presides	over	a	court	of	law	and	makes	legal	rulings	(from	French)
Everyone	rose	when	the	judge	entered	the	courtroom.
6.	carnival	(n):	a	traveling	show	featuring	rides,	amusements,	and	games;	a	fair	(from	Italian)
A	carnival	comes	to	our	town	every	summer.
7.	tornado	(n):	a	violent	storm	with	whirling	winds	in	the	shape	of	a	funnel	cloud	(from
Spanish)
The	tornado	left	a	path	of	destruction.
8.	justice	(n):	fairness	(from	French)
The	laws	must	provide	justice	for	everyone.
9.	canyon	(n):	a	gorge	with	steep	sides;	a	ravine	(from	Spanish)
The	explorers	set	up	their	camp	on	high	ground	above	the	canyon.
10.	bandit	(n):	an	outlaw;	a	robber;	a	thief	(from	Italian)
According	to	legend,	Robin	Hood	was	a	bandit	who	helped	the	poor.
Vocabulary	Tip
Many	people	around	the	world	speak	English.
30.1	Making	Driving	Safer
In	1923,	Garrett	A.	Morgan	invented	a	device	that	made	driving	by	automobile	safer.	What	did
Morgan	invent?
To	answer	the	question,	find	the	word	for	each	definition	below.	Choose	your	answers	from
the	words	after	the	definitions.	Write	the	letter	of	each	answer	in	the	space	above	its	definition
number	at	the	bottom	of	the	page.	You	will	need	to	divide	the	letters	into	words.	Some	letters	are
provided.
1.	a	gorge	with	steep	sides;	a	ravine	_____
2.	a	person	who	presides	over	a	court	of	law	and	makes	legal	rulings	_____
3.	a	traveling	show	with	rides,	amusements,	and	games;	a	fair	_____
4.	a	very	powerful	storm	that	begins	over	the	ocean	_____
5.	a	bag	made	of	canvas	or	leather	that	is	carried	on	the	back	_____
6.	the	head	of	a	town	or	city	government	_____
7.	an	outlaw;	a	robber;	a	thief	_____
8.	fairness	_____
9.	a	formal	dance	with	graceful	movements	_____
10.	a	violent	storm	with	whirling	winds	in	the	shape	of	a	funnel	cloud	_____
Answers
N.	bandit
C.	canyon
T.	justice
M.	judge
A.	ballet
S.	carnival
I.	mayor
L.	knapsack
O.	hurricane
F.	tornado
30.2	A	Folk	Hero
In	American	folklore,	this	man	was	said	to	be	the	greatest	sailor	of	all.	Who	was	he?
To	answer	the	question,	complete	each	sentence	with	the	correct	word.	Choose	your	answers
from	the	words	after	the	sentences.	Write	the	letter	of	each	answer	in	the	space	above	its	sentence
number	at	the	bottom	of	the	page.	You	will	need	to	divide	the	letters	into	words.
1.	The	people	demanded	_____	from	the	wicked	king.
2.	The	_____	called	the	town’s	public	meeting	to	order.
3.	The	police	caught	the	_____	with	the	stolen	money.
4.	The	steep	sides	of	the	_____	protected	the	village	from	harsh	winds.
5.	The	_____	ordered	the	people	in	the	courtroom	to	be	silent.
6.	Brandon	enjoys	going	on	the	rides	at	the	_____.
7.	It	takes	years	of	dance	practice	to	learn	the	graceful	movements	of	_____.
8.	With	its	whirling	winds	in	the	shape	of	a	funnel	cloud,	the	_____	is	a	frightening	storm.
9.	Ty’s	_____	was	so	heavy	that	he	could	barely	lift	the	bag	onto	his	back.
10.	A	_____	is	a	great	storm	that	forms	over	the	ocean.
Answers
S.	judge
T.	bandit
L.	carnival
A.	ballet
G.	knapsack
N.	mayor
D.	hurricane
O.	tornado
R.	canyon
M.	justice
30.3	Delaware’s	Name
Delaware	was	one	of	the	original	13	colonies.	Its	name	comes	from	the	formal	title	of	Englishman
Sir	Thomas	West.	What	was	Sir	Thomas	West’s	title?
To	answer	the	question,	read	each	sentence	below.	Replace	the	underlined	word	or	phrase
with	the	word	that	has	a	similar	meaning.	Choose	your	answers	from	the	words	after	each
sentence.	Write	the	letter	of	each	answer	in	the	space	above	its	sentence	number	at	the	bottom	of
the	page.	Some	letters	are	provided.
1.	A	bandit	broke	into	the	bank	last	night.
E.	judge
O.	mayor
A.	thief
2.	We	rode	the	Ferris	wheel	and	played	games	at	the	fair.
A.	knapsack
R.	carnival
E.	canyon
3.	The	person	in	charge	of	the	courtroom	listened	to	the	evidence	before	giving	his	ruling.
S.	mayor
N.	judge
R.	bandit
4.	Patrick’s	father	is	the	head	of	his	town’s	government.
O.	mayor
E.	judge
U.	canyon
5.	We	went	to	the	city	to	watch	a	formal	dance	with	graceful	movements.
V.	carnival
L.	hurricane
D.	ballet
6.	Ryan	slipped	his	arms	into	the	straps	of	the	heavy	canvas	bag.
W.	knapsack
S.	canyon
D.	ballet
7.	Our	laws	guarantee	fairness	for	our	citizens.
M.	judge
B.	justice
R.	mayor
8.	The	view	overlooking	the	ravine	was	wonderful.
A.	canyon
E.	tornado
I.	ballet
9.	Weather	forecasters	warned	that	the	powerful	ocean	storm	was	headed	for	the	coast.
I.	tornado
U.	carnival
A.	hurricane
10.	The	funnel	cloud	with	its	violent	winds	just	missed	the	town.
V.	hurricane
L.	tornado
S.	bandit
LESSON	31	Contractions
A	contraction	is	a	short	form	of	two	words.	An	apostrophe	is	used	to	show	where	a	letter	or
letters	have	been	left	out.
1.	I’m:	I	am
I’m	finished	with	my	homework.
2.	it’s:	it	is
It’s	going	to	rain	today.
3.	you’ve:	you	have
You’ve	been	chosen	to	be	the	team’s	captain.
4.	we’ll:	we	will
We’ll	meet	you	at	the	restaurant.
5.	we’re:	we	are
We’re	looking	forward	to	the	start	of	the	baseball	season.
6.	they’re:	they	are
They’re	in	the	library	studying.
7.	won’t:	will	not
I	won’t	be	able	to	go	to	Tina’s	party.
8.	you’re:	you	are
You’re	the	student	of	the	month.
9.	doesn’t:	does	not
If	Franco	doesn’t	hurry,	he	will	be	late.
10.	he’s:	he	is
He’s	the	fastest	runner	in	the	fifth	grade.
Vocabulary	Tip
Be	careful	not	to	confuse	the	following	words:
•	you’re	(you	are)	with	the	possessive	pronoun	your
•	they’re	(they	are)	with	the	possessive	pronoun	their	and	the	adverb	there
•	it’s	(it	is)	with	the	possessive	pronoun	its
•	we’re	(we	are)	with	the	verb	were
31.1	A	New	State
This	area	broke	away	from	a	state	that	left	the	Union	at	the	beginning	of	the	Civil	War.	The	area
became	a	new	state	during	the	war.	What	state	is	this?
To	answer	the	question,	match	the	words	on	the	left	with	the	contraction	they	form	on	the	right.
Write	the	letter	of	each	answer	in	the	space	above	the	word’s	number	at	the	bottom	of	the	page.
You	will	need	to	divide	the	letters	into	words.
31.2	Making	a	Good	Thing	Better
In	1881,	Lewis	Latimer	made	one	of	Thomas	Edison’s	greatest	inventions	even	better.	What	did
Latimer	make?
To	answer	the	question,	read	each	sentence	below.	Replace	eachunderlined	word	or	words
with	the	word	or	words	that	mean	the	same.	Choose	your	answers	from	the	words	after	the
sentences.	(Not	all	answers	will	be	used.)	Write	the	letter	of	each	answer	in	the	space	above	its
sentence	number	at	the	bottom	of	the	page.	You	will	need	to	divide	the	letters	into	words.	Some
letters	are	provided.
1.	We	won’t	have	school	because	of	the	snowstorm._____
2.	You’ve	been	assigned	the	third	seat	on	the	bus._____
3.	It	is	almost	time	for	lunch._____
4.	I	hope	the	rain	does	not	start	until	after	the	game	is	finished._____
5.	We	are	going	shopping	at	the	mall._____
6.	They	are	leaving	for	Denver	tomorrow._____
7.	I’m	the	youngest	in	my	family._____
8.	You	are	the	new	team	captain._____
9.	We’ll	start	our	project	after	school._____
10.	He’s	the	new	student	in	school._____
Answers
G.	you’re
B.	he	is
Y.	were
I.	they’re
A.	there
S.	its
L.	I	am
E.	it’s
N.	your
V.	you	have
R.	will	not
M.	we	will
W.	their
P.	we’re
T.	doesn’t
31.3	Colonial	Protest
In	1773,	colonists	dressed	up	as	Native	Americans.	They	then	protested	a	tax	they	believed	was
unfair.	What	event	was	this?
To	answer	the	question,	complete	each	sentence	with	the	correct	word.	Choose	your	answers
from	the	words	after	each	sentence.	Write	the	letter	of	each	answer	in	the	space	above	its
sentence	number	at	the	bottom	of	the	page.	You	will	need	to	divide	the	letters	into	words.	One
letter	is	provided.
1.	_____	the	only	boy	who	is	a	finalist	in	the	geography	contest.
T.	You’ve
S.	He’s
C.	We’ll
2.	_____	one	of	two	sets	of	twins	in	the	fourth	grade.
R.	They’re
M.	Their
U.	There
3.	_____	meet	at	Tommy’s	house	after	school.
A.	You’re
I.	We’re
E.	We’ll
4.	_____	going	to	a	concert	with	my	sister.
H.	Your
A.	I’m
N.	We’ll
5.	_____	moving	to	Virginia	next	year.
Y.	We’re
C.	You’ve
L.	Were
6.	The	puppy	_____	have	his	collar.
J.	he’s
W.	its
P.	doesn’t
7.	We	_____	have	to	leave	until	after	dinner.
H.	won’t
T.	doesn’t
N.	were
8.	_____	been	chosen	to	be	the	leader	of	the	first	group.
U.	You’re
E.	Your
O.	You’ve
9.	_____	going	to	rain	all	day.
R.	There
L.	Its
B.	It’s
10.	_____	the	tallest	student	in	class.
M.	They’re
T.	You’re
I.	Your
LESSON	32	Words	for	Readers	and	Writers
Readers	and	writers	use	many	of	the	same	words.
1.	author	(n):	a	writer
Beverly	Cleary	is	my	favorite	author.
2.	character	(n):	a	person	in	a	story
The	lead	character	in	the	story	was	a	fifth-grade	student.
3.	plot	(n):	a	series	of	events	that	move	a	story	forward
The	story	had	an	exciting	plot	with	a	lot	of	action.
4.	fiction	(n):	a	story	in	which	the	events	and	characters	are	mostly	imagined
A	novel	is	an	example	of	fiction.
5.	nonfiction	(n):	writing	that	is	based	on	facts	and	not	imagination
A	true	story	is	an	example	of	nonfiction.
6.	setting	(n):	the	times	and	places	where	the	events	of	a	story	happen
The	setting	of	Jacob’s	story	was	a	moon	base	in	the	future.
7.	opening	(n):	the	beginning	of	a	piece	of	writing;	the	beginning	of	a	story
Su	Lin	wrote	a	new	opening	for	her	story.
8.	closing	(n):	the	end	of	a	piece	of	writing;	the	end	of	a	story;	the	conclusion
The	closing	of	the	story	left	me	feeling	sad.
9.	detail	(n):	a	trait	or	part	of	someone	or	something
The	most	memorable	detail	about	the	bear	was	its	size.
10.	dialogue	(n):	a	conversation	between	two	or	more	characters
In	Ernesto’s	story,	the	dialogue	of	the	characters	was	very	interesting.
Vocabulary	Tip
Many	subjects	have	a	special	vocabulary.
32.1	A	Bolt	of	Lightning
Lightning	is	one	of	nature’s	most	powerful	wonders.	What	is	lightning?
To	answer	the	question,	find	the	word	for	each	definition	below.	Choose	your	answers	from
the	words	that	follow	each	definition.	Write	the	letter	of	each	answer	in	the	space	above	its
definition	number	at	the	bottom	of	the	page.	Some	letters	are	provided.
1.	the	beginning	of	a	piece	of	writing
C.	opening
R.	dialogue
N.	detail
2.	a	series	of	events	that	move	a	story	forward
H.	setting
R.	plot
S.	character
3.	a	story	in	which	the	events	and	characters	are	mostly	imagined
U.	detail
A.	fiction
E.	nonfiction
4.	a	conversation	between	two	or	more	characters
O.	setting
Y.	detail
E.	dialogue
5.	the	end	of	a	piece	of	writing;	the	end	of	a	story
T.	closing
K.	plot
S.	opening
6.	a	trait	or	part	of	someone	or	something
D.	setting
T.	detail
M.	fiction
7.	a	person	in	a	story
R.	detail
H.	dialogue
C.	character
8.	the	times	and	places	where	the	events	of	a	story	happen
I.	opening
T.	plot
L.	setting
9.	writing	that	is	based	on	facts	and	not	imagination
S.	fiction
Y.	nonfiction
N.	closing
10.	a	writer
S.	author
C.	dialogue
T.	character
32.2	Primary	and	Secondary	Colors
The	primary	colors	are	red,	blue,	and	yellow.	What	are	the	secondary	colors?
To	answer	the	question,	complete	each	sentence	with	the	correct	word.	Choose	your	answers
from	the	words	after	the	sentences.	Write	the	letter	of	each	answer	in	the	space	above	its	sentence
number	at	the	bottom	of	the	page.	You	will	need	to	divide	the	letters	into	words.
1.	The	_____	of	the	characters	made	them	sound	like	real	people.
2.	The	_____	of	the	story	was	colonial	Virginia.
3.	After	reading	the	story’s	_____,	I	wanted	to	read	the	rest	of	the	book.
4.	Superman	is	Connor’s	favorite	comic	book	_____.
5.	A	story	about	real	people	and	true	events	is	_____.
6.	A	great	_____	can	help	your	imagination	“picture”	a	character	or	setting.
7.	The	_____	of	the	story	kept	the	action	moving	forward.
8.	A	story	that	is	based	on	a	writer’s	imagination	is	_____.
9.	A.	A.	Milne	is	the	_____	of	Winnie	the	Pooh.
10.	The	_____	of	the	story	showed	the	characters	finally	getting	home.
Answers
E.	author
O.	plot
V.	fiction
A.	setting
R.	detail
L.	opening
T.	dialogue
G.	closing
I.	nonfiction
N.	character
32.3	Memphis
An	American	president	named	the	city	of	Memphis,	Tennessee.	He	named	it	after	the	ancient	city
of	Memphis	in	Egypt.	Ancient	Memphis	was	a	center	of	government,	learning,	and	religion.
Which	president	named	Memphis,	Tennessee?
To	answer	the	question,	read	each	sentence	below.	If	the	underlined	word	is	used	correctly,
write	the	letter	for	correct	in	the	space	above	its	sentence	number	at	the	bottom	of	the	page.	If	the
underlined	word	is	not	used	correctly,	write	the	letter	for	incorrect.	You	will	need	to	divide	the
letters	into	words.	One	letter	is	provided.
1.	The	setting	of	a	story	tells	about	the	characters.
A.	correct
E.	incorrect
2.	A	detail	can	give	information	about	someone.
C.	correct
F.	incorrect
3.	A	written	account	that	tells	the	true	story	of	an	event	is	fiction.
E.	correct
N.	incorrect
4.	A	dialogue	is	a	conversation	between	characters.
S.	correct
R.	incorrect
5.	The	plot	of	a	story	tells	where	a	story	happens.
M.	correct
R.	incorrect
6.	A	story’s	closing	comes	at	the	story’s	beginning.
S.	correct
W.	incorrect
7.	A	character	is	a	person	in	a	story.
J.	correct
A.	incorrect
8.	Nonfiction	is	based	on	both	facts	and	the	author’s	imagination.
T.	correct
A.	incorrect
9.	The	opening	is	the	point	where	a	story	begins.
K.	correct
O.	incorrect
10.	An	author	writes	a	story.
D.	correct
O.	incorrect
LESSON	33	Math	Words
Mathematics	is	a	subject	that	has	a	special	vocabulary.
1.	estimate	(n):	a	guess	or	opinion	about	the	size,	amount,	etc.	of	something;	(v):	to	guess	the
size,	amount,	etc.	of	something
An	estimate	is	not	an	exact	number.
We	tried	to	estimate	the	cost	of	our	vacation.
2.	solution	(n):	an	answer;	an	explanation
Victoria	found	the	solution	to	the	math	puzzle.
3.	fraction	(n):	a	number	that	names	a	part	of	a	whole	or	a	part	of	a	group
A	fraction	has	a	numerator	and	a	denominator.
4.	measure	(n):	a	unit	used	to	find	the	length,	width,	weight,	etc.	of	something;	(v):	to	find	the
length,	width,	weight,	etc.	of	something
An	inch	is	a	unit	of	measure	for	length.
For	homework,	we	must	measure	the	sides	and	angles	of	polygons.
5.	problem	(n):	a	question	to	be	solved	and	answered
The	last	problem	on	the	math	quiz	was	the	hardest.
6.	polygon	(n):	a	geometricfigure	with	three	or	more	angles	and	sides
A	triangle	is	an	example	of	a	polygon.
7.	equal	(adj):	having	the	same	amount,	quantity,	or	value
One	dollar	and	four	quarters	are	equal	in	value.
8.	decimal	(n):	a	number	with	one	or	more	digits	to	the	right	of	a	decimal	point
The	number	7.85	is	a	decimal.
9.	graph	(n):	a	drawing	or	diagram	that	shows	the	relationship	between	two	or	more	quantities
The	graph	showed	how	many	students	chose	hot	dogs,	tacos,	or	pizza	for	lunch.
10.	quotient	(n):	the	answer	to	a	division	problem,	not	including	the	remainder
Seth	easily	worked	out	the	quotient	for	the	division	problem.
Vocabulary	Tip
Understanding	math	words	is	important	to	learning	math.
33.1	Dinosaur	Playground
Because	so	many	fossils	of	dinosaurs	have	been	found	in	this	place,	it	is	sometimes	called	“the
playground	of	the	dinosaurs.”	Where	is	this	place?
To	answer	the	question,	find	the	word	for	each	definition	below.	Choose	your	answers	from
the	words	after	the	definitions.	Write	the	letter	of	each	answer	in	the	space	above	its	definition
number	at	the	bottom	of	the	page.	You	will	need	to	divide	the	letters	into	words.	One	letter	is
provided.
1.	a	question	to	be	solved	and	answered	_____
2.	having	the	same	amount,	quantity,	or	value	_____
3.	a	drawing	or	diagram	that	shows	the	relationship	between	two	or	more	quantities	_____
4.	a	number	that	names	a	part	of	a	whole	or	a	part	of	a	group	_____
5.	a	geometric	figure	with	three	or	more	angles	and	sides	_____
6.	a	guess	or	opinion	about	the	size,	amount,	etc.	of	something	_____
7.	a	number	with	one	or	more	digits	to	the	right	of	a	decimal	point	_____
8.	the	answer	to	a	division	problem,	not	including	a	remainder	_____
9.	a	unit	used	to	find	the	length,	width,	weight,	etc.	of	something	_____
10.	an	answer;	an	explanation	_____
Answers
O.	quotient
N.	fraction
D.	solution
L.	problem
T.	decimal
U.	equal
B.	estimate
S.	polygon
A.	measure
K.	graph
33.2	Food	and	Fuel
Food	provides	your	body	with	nutrients.	Your	body	uses	these	nutrients	to	grow,	to	repair	itself,
and	for	energy.	Four	important	nutrients	are	proteins,	fats,	vitamins,	and	minerals.	A	fifth	nutrient
is	your	body’s	main	source	of	fuel.	What	nutrient	is	this?
To	answer	the	question,	complete	each	sentence	below.	Choose	your	answers	from	the	words
after	the	sentences.	Write	the	letter	of	each	answer	in	the	space	above	its	sentence	number	at	the
bottom	of	the	page.	One	letter	is	provided.
1.	For	a	figure	to	be	a	_____,	it	must	have	at	least	three	sides	and	three	angles.
2.	You	must	include	a	point	when	writing	a	_____.
3.	Ronnie	helped	his	father	_____	exactly	how	big	the	new	shelves	for	his	room	could	be.
4.	We	have	to	_____	about	how	much	paint	we	need	for	the	walls	of	the	room.
5.	Mrs.	Jones	assigned	only	one	math	_____	for	homework	last	night.
6.	A	_____	tells	how	many	parts	of	a	whole	you	have.
7.	The	winners	of	the	math	contest	in	each	class	received	prizes	of	_____	value.
8.	No	matter	how	hard	Alana	tried,	she	could	not	find	the	_____	to	the	multiplication	challenge
problem.
9.	Danielle	knows	how	to	divide	and	easily	finds	the	_____	of	any	division	problem.
10.	Eddie	drew	a	_____	comparing	the	amount	of	rainfall	for	five	cities.
Answers
H.	equal
O.	polygon
Y.	estimate
A.	graph
T.	measure
R.	fraction
C.	solution
E.	problem
D.	decimal
B.	quotient
33.3	Montana
The	name	Montana	comes	from	the	Latin	form	of	a	Spanish	word.	What	does	this	word	mean?
To	answer	the	question,	read	each	sentence	below.	If	the	underlined	word	is	used	correctly,
write	the	letter	for	correct	in	the	space	above	its	sentence	number	at	the	bottom	of	the	page.	If	the
underlined	word	is	not	used	correctly,	write	the	letter	for	incorrect.	One	letter	is	provided.
1.	The	quotient	is	the	answer	to	a	multiplication	problem.
A.	correct
O.	incorrect
2.	Mario	used	a	ruler	to	measure	the	sides	of	a	rectangle.
S.	correct
N.	incorrect
3.	Things	that	are	equal	do	not	have	the	same	amount.
M.	correct
N.	incorrect
4.	A	polygon	must	have	four	sides.
E.	correct
A.	incorrect
5.	A	graph	is	a	way	to	show	how	two	or	more	quantities	are	related.
N.	correct
E.	incorrect
6.	The	number	25.1	is	a	decimal.
M.	correct
S.	incorrect
7.	When	solving	a	math	problem,	be	careful	not	to	make	careless	mistakes.
T.	correct
E.	incorrect
8.	A	fraction	of	the	students	of	the	class	chose	not	to	go	on	the	trip.
U.	correct
I.	incorrect
9.	An	estimate	is	always	an	exact	number.
L.	correct
U.	incorrect
10.	The	solution	is	the	first	step	to	finding	the	answer	to	a	problem.
A.	correct
O.	incorrect
LESSON	34	Geography	Words
Geography	is	the	study	of	the	earth	and	its	features.
1.	continent	(n):	one	of	the	earth’s	seven	major	land	masses
North	America	is	a	continent.
2.	mountain	(n):	a	natural	elevation	of	land,	usually	rising	to	a	peak
Mount	Everest	is	the	highest	mountain	in	the	world.
3.	river	(n):	a	large	natural	stream	of	water	that	flows	into	an	ocean	or	another	body	of	water
The	flood	caused	the	river	to	overflow	its	banks.
4.	ocean	(n):	any	of	the	four	large	bodies	of	salt	water	on	the	earth’s	surface
The	Pacific	is	the	largest	ocean	on	earth.
5.	prairie	(n):	a	large	area	of	flat	land	with	few	trees	and	much	grass;	a	plain
Settlers	traveled	across	the	prairie	in	wagon	trains.
6.	island	(n):	an	area	of	land	surrounded	by	water
Hawaii	is	an	island.
7.	plateau	(n):	an	elevated	and	mostly	flat	area	of	land;	tableland
The	plateau	was	a	thousand	feet	higher	than	the	surrounding	land.
8.	valley	(n):	low	land	between	hills	or	mountains
The	town	was	located	in	the	valley.
9.	waterfall	(n):	water	that	flows	from	a	high	place
Niagara	Falls	is	a	famous	waterfall.
10.	fertile	(adj):	rich;	fruitful;	productive;	describing	soil	able	to	produce	many	crops
The	farmer’s	land	was	fertile.
Vocabulary	Tip
Geography	words	help	you	to	describe	the	physical	features	of	the	earth.
34.1	Fossil	Fuels
Fossil	fuels	were	formed	in	the	earth	over	millions	of	years.	We	obtain	much	of	our	energy	from
fossil	fuels.	What	are	the	fossil	fuels?
To	answer	the	question,	find	the	word	for	each	definition	below.	Choose	your	answers	from
the	words	after	the	definitions.	Write	the	letter	of	each	answer	in	the	space	above	its	definition
number	at	the	bottom	of	the	page.	You	will	need	to	divide	the	letters	into	words.	One	letter	is
provided.
1.	rich;	fruitful;	productive;	describing	soil	able	to	produce	many	crops	_____
2.	low	land	between	hills	or	mountains	_____
3.	a	natural	elevation	of	steep	land,	usually	rising	to	a	peak	_____
4.	water	that	falls	from	a	high	place	_____
5.	a	large	area	of	flat	land	with	few	trees	and	much	grass;	a	plain	_____
6.	an	elevated	and	mostly	flat	area	of	land	_____
7.	one	of	the	earth’s	seven	major	land	masses	_____
8.	any	of	the	four	large	bodies	of	salt	water	on	the	earth’s	surface	_____
9.	an	area	of	land	surrounded	by	water	_____
10.	a	large	natural	stream	of	water	that	flows	into	an	ocean	or	another	body	of	water	_____
Answers
C.	waterfall
O.	plateau
R.	continent
L.	island
A.	river
I.	valley
S.	mountain
U.	fertile
N.	prairie
G.	ocean
34.2	A	Math	Helper
This	device	was	invented	in	1972.	It	made	computing	numbers	easy.	What	was	it?
To	answer	the	question,	read	each	sentence	below.	Replace	the	underlined	word	or	phrase
with	the	correct	word.	Choose	your	answers	from	the	words	after	each	sentence.	Write	the	letter
of	each	answer	in	the	space	above	its	sentence	number	at	the	bottom	of	the	page.	One	letter	is
provided.
1.	In	the	middle	of	the	lake	was	a	small	area	of	land.
R.	plateau
M.	river
N.	island
2.	The	low	land	between	the	mountains	was	covered	with	small	farms.
T.	valley
R.	prairie
L.	plateau
3.	We	traveled	by	boat	down	the	large	stream	of	water	to	the	ocean.
U.	waterfall
E.	river
I.	island
4.	The	rich	soil	was	suitable	for	growing	many	different	kinds	of	crops.
S.	plateau
U.	continent
D.	fertile
5.	We	climbed	the	steep,	rising	land	to	its	peak.
R.	mountain
N.	plateau
S.	waterfall
6.	European	explorers	crossed	thelarge	body	of	salt	water	to	reach	the	New	World.
E.	valley
A.	ocean
U.	river
7.	The	tableland	rose	up	from	the	low	lands	around	it	and	stretched	for	miles.
S.	valley
L.	plateau
R.	island
8.	Asia	is	the	biggest	one	of	the	major	land	masses.
O.	continent
E.	island
U.	mountain
9.	They	walked	through	the	tall	grass	of	the	plain.
K.	plateau
S.	mountain
C.	prairie
10.	We	took	pictures	of	the	water	falling	from	the	high	place.
P.	river
M.	island
H.	waterfall
34.3	Daffy	Duck
Daffy	Duck	first	appeared	in	a	cartoon	in	1937.	What	was	the	title	of	this	cartoon?
To	answer	the	question,	complete	each	sentence	with	the	correct	word.	Choose	your	answers
from	the	words	after	the	sentences.	Write	the	letter	of	each	answer	in	the	space	above	its	sentence
number	at	the	bottom	of	the	page.	You	will	need	to	divide	the	letters	into	words.	Some	letters	are
provided.
1.	The	town	was	located	in	a	_____	between	mountains.
2.	The	_____	flowed	for	hundreds	of	miles	before	reaching	the	ocean.
3.	A	boat	was	the	only	way	to	reach	the	_____.
4.	A	_____	is	a	major	land	mass.
5.	The	farmer’s	crops	grew	quickly	in	the	_____	soil.
6.	The	_____	was	like	a	small	mountain	with	its	top	cut	off.
7.	The	peak	of	the	_____	was	capped	with	snow.
8.	The	wagon	train	rolled	westward	through	the	tall	grass	of	the	_____.
9.	My	grandmother	lives	near	the	coast,	close	to	the	_____.
10.	The	water	that	flowed	over	the	cliff	made	a	beautiful	_____.
Answers
T.	fertile
Y.	waterfall
O.	island
K.	mountain
U.	continent
C.	valley
D.	ocean
P.	plateau
R.	river
N.	prairie
LESSON	35	Social	Studies	Words
Social	studies	is	the	study	of	relationships	between	people	and	countries.
1.	voyage	(n):	a	journey	over	water	or	through	the	air	or	space
The	voyage	from	England	to	the	American	colonies	took	many	weeks.
2.	explorer	(n):	a	person	who	searches	for	the	purpose	of	discovery
Christopher	Columbus	was	an	explorer	who	sought	a	sea	route	to	Asia.
3.	citizen	(n):	a	member	of	a	nation
The	rights	of	every	citizen	in	the	United	States	are	protected	by	law.
4.	armada	(n):	a	large	fleet	of	armed	ships
The	Spanish	sent	an	armada	to	attack	England	in	1588.
5.	pioneer	(n):	a	person	who	goes	into	an	unknown	land	to	live
The	life	of	a	pioneer	was	hard.
6.	colony	(n):	a	group	of	people	who	settle	in	a	distant	land	but	remain	under	the	control	of
their	home	country
The	new	colony	faced	many	hardships.
7.	nation	(n):	a	group	of	people	who	live	together	under	the	same	government	and	share	many
of	the	same	customs	and	usually	the	same	language;	a	country
Australia	is	a	nation	that	is	also	a	continent.
8.	patriot	(n):	a	person	who	loves	and	is	willing	to	defend	his	or	her	country
Paul	Revere	was	an	American	patriot.
9.	union	(n):	the	joining	of	two	or	more	things	or	people	into	one
The	13	colonies	formed	a	new	union	after	the	Revolutionary	War.
10.	frontier	(n):	land	beyond	a	settled	part	of	a	country;	an	area	that	is	being	explored
The	frontier	was	a	land	of	endless	forests.
Vocabulary	Tip
Many	social	studies	words	focus	on	history.
35.1	Rings	Around	the	Planets
At	one	time,	Saturn	was	the	only	planet	thought	to	have	rings.	Its	rings	were	made	of	particles	of
rocks,	dust,	and	ice.	Today,	astronomers	know	that	other	planets	in	our	solar	system	also	have
rings.	What	are	three	of	these	planets?
To	answer	the	question,	find	the	word	for	each	definition	below.	Choose	your	answers	from
the	words	after	the	definitions.	Write	the	letter	of	each	answer	in	the	space	above	its	definition
number	at	the	bottom	of	the	page.	You	will	need	to	divide	the	letters	into	words.
1.	a	person	who	loves	and	is	willing	to	defend	his	or	her	country	_____
2.	a	person	who	goes	into	an	unknown	land	to	live	_____
3.	a	member	of	a	nation	_____
4.	a	journey	over	water	or	through	the	air	or	space	_____
5.	land	beyond	a	settled	part	of	a	country	_____
6.	a	group	of	people	who	live	together	under	the	same	government	and	share	many	of	the	same
customs	and	usually	the	same	language	_____
7.	a	group	of	people	who	settle	in	a	distant	land	but	remain	under	the	control	of	their	home
country	_____
8.	a	person	who	searches	for	the	purpose	of	discovery	_____
9.	the	joining	of	two	or	more	things	or	groups	into	one	_____
10.	a	large	fleet	of	armed	ships	_____
Answers
S.	pioneer
T.	nation
E.	frontier
J.	union
R.	colony
I.	citizen
N.	armada
P.	explorer
U.	voyage
A.	patriot
35.2	A	Very	Young	Author
This	author	was	only	11	years	old	when	she	wrote	her	first	novel,	Swordbird.	Who	is	she?
To	answer	the	question,	complete	each	sentence	with	the	correct	word.	Choose	your	answers
from	the	words	after	each	sentence.	Write	the	letter	of	each	answer	in	the	space	above	its
sentence	number	at	the	bottom	of	the	page.
1.	English	is	the	most	common	language	spoken	in	our	_____.
I.	pioneer
A.	nation
E.	citizen
2.	The	general	called	upon	every	_____	to	fight	against	the	invaders.
A.	patriot
E.	pioneer
O.	explorer
3.	The	_____	searched	for	a	lost	city	of	gold.
E.	frontier
C.	explorer
A.	citizen
4.	A	human	_____	to	another	planet	is	not	yet	possible.
E.	explorer
A.	colony
I.	voyage
5.	The	United	States	is	a	_____	of	50	states.
N.	union
S.	frontier
M.	colony
6.	My	uncle	recently	became	a	_____	of	the	United	States.
U.	frontier
N.	citizen
R.	pioneer
7.	William	Penn	founded	the	_____	of	Pennsylvania.
Y.	colony
S.	nation
H.	union
8.	A	_____	must	be	courageous	to	build	a	home	in	an	unknown	land.
R.	patriot
C.	voyage
N.	pioneer
9.	Settlers	made	their	way	to	the	_____	to	start	new	lives.
D.	voyage
S.	union
F.	frontier
10.	A	large	_____	sailed	off	to	war.
S.	voyage
Y.	armada
D.	colony
35.3	First	Inauguration
An	inauguration	is	a	president’s	formal	introduction	to	office.	Unlike	most	presidents,	George
Washington	did	not	have	his	inauguration	in	Washington,	DC.	Where	was	George	Washington’s
inauguration	held?
To	answer	the	question,	read	each	sentence	below.	If	the	underlined	word	is	used	correctly,
write	the	letter	for	correct	in	the	space	above	its	sentence	number	at	the	bottom	of	the	page.	If	the
underlined	word	is	not	used	correctly,	write	the	letter	for	incorrect.	You	will	need	to	reverse	the
order	of	the	letters	and	divide	the	letters	into	words.	One	letter	is	provided.
1.	In	terms	of	population,	China	is	the	largest	nation	in	the	world.
I.	correct
E.	incorrect
2.	Scientists	often	call	space	the	new	frontier.
N.	correct
P.	incorrect
3.	A	citizen	is	not	a	member	of	any	country.
D.	correct
R.	incorrect
4.	A	union	is	a	joining	of	only	two	people	or	things.
I.	correct
W.	incorrect
5.	Our	voyage	to	the	mall	was	a	10-minute	drive.
I.	correct
T.	incorrect
6.	In	the	future,	humans	may	build	a	colony	on	Mars.
E.	correct
H.	incorrect
7.	The	patriot	was	willing	to	fight	to	defend	his	country.
Y.	correct
L.	incorrect
8.	The	goal	of	an	explorer	is	to	find	a	new	home.
P.	correct
C.	incorrect
9.	Hundreds	of	ships	sailed	in	the	great	armada.
Y.	correct
I.	incorrect
10.	The	pioneer	traveled	to	the	New	World	to	find	gold	and	then	returned	to	the	land	of	his
birth.
E.	correct
K.	incorrect
LESSON	36	Science	Words
Science	is	knowledge	gained	from	observation	and	experimentation	and	arranged	in	an	ordered
system.
1.	astronomer	(n):	a	person	who	studies	space	and	the	heavenly	bodies
An	astronomer	uses	a	telescope	to	study	the	planets.
2.	predator	(n):	an	animal	that	hunts	other	animals	for	food
A	lion	is	a	predator.
3.	element	(n):	A	substance	that	has	only	one	kind	of	atom
Oxygen	is	a	common	element	on	earth.
4.	atom	(n):	the	smallest	part	of	an	element	that	has	all	the	characteristics	of	the	element
An	atom	is	far	too	small	to	see	with	the	naked	eye.
5.	astronaut	(n):	a	person	who	travels	in	space;	a	space	explorer
Neil	Armstrong	was	the	first	astronaut	to	walk	on	the	moon.
6.	prey	(n):	an	animal	that	is	hunted	by	other	animals	for	food
The	hawk	soared	over	the	field,	looking	for	prey.
7.	molecule	(n):	the	smallest	part	of	a	substance	formed	by	two	or	more	atoms
Hydrogen	and	oxygen	combine	to	forma	molecule	of	water.
8.	atmosphere	(n):	the	air	that	surrounds	the	earth
The	earth’s	atmosphere	is	made	up	of	many	gases.
9.	weather	(n):	the	state	of	the	atmosphere	at	a	given	time
The	weather	is	sunny	and	pleasant.
10.	climate	(n):	the	kind	of	weather	a	place	has	over	a	long	period	of	time
Countries	near	the	equator	have	a	hot	climate.
Vocabulary	Tip
Science	words	help	us	to	describe	the	world.
36.1	Your	Blood
Your	blood	carries	oxygen	and	nutrients	to	the	cells	of	your	body,	and	it	carries	waste	products
from	your	cells.	How	much	blood	does	your	body	contain?
To	answer	the	question,	find	the	word	for	each	definition	below.	Choose	your	answers	from
the	words	that	follow	the	definitions.	Write	the	letter	of	each	answer	in	the	space	above	its
definition	number	at	the	bottom	of	the	page.	You	will	need	to	divide	the	letters	into	words.	Some
letters	are	provided.
1.	the	smallest	part	of	a	substance	formed	by	two	or	more	atoms	_____
2.	a	person	who	studies	space	and	the	heavenly	bodies	_____
3.	the	kind	of	weather	a	place	has	over	a	long	period	of	time	_____
4.	an	animal	that	is	hunted	by	other	animals	for	food	_____
5.	the	state	of	the	atmosphere	at	a	given	time	_____
6.	an	animal	that	hunts	other	animals	for	food	_____
7.	the	smallest	part	of	an	element	that	has	all	the	characteristics	of	the	element	_____
8.	the	air	that	surrounds	the	earth	_____
9.	a	substance	that	has	only	one	kind	of	atom	_____
10.	a	person	who	travels	in	space;	a	space	explorer	_____
Answers
N.	predator
P.	astronaut
B.	atmosphere
I.	prey
H.	astronomer
U.	climate
G.	atom
E.	molecule
T.	element
A.	weather
36.2	A	Crop	Scientist
One	type	of	scientist	studies	soil	and	crops.	What	is	the	special	name	for	this	kind	of	scientist?
To	answer	the	question,	find	the	word	that	matches	each	clue	below.	Choose	your	answers
from	the	words	after	each	clue.	Write	the	letter	of	each	answer	in	the	space	above	the	clue’s
number	at	the	bottom	of	the	page.
1.	This	person	flies	spacecraft.	What	is	this	person?
A.	astronomer
I.	predator
O.	astronaut
2.	It	is	raining	outside.	What	is	this	an	example	of?
R.	weather
A.	climate
S.	molecule
3.	Pure	iron	contains	only	atoms	of	iron.	What	is	this	an	example	of?
R.	prey
N.	atmosphere
T.	element
4.	Northern	Alaska	has	very	cold	winters.	What	is	this	an	example	of?
A.	climate
F.	atmosphere
S.	weather
5.	This	animal	hunts	other	animals	for	food.	What	kind	of	animal	is	this?
E.	prey
T.	atom
S.	predator
6.	This	person	studies	the	stars.	What	is	this	person?
O.	astronaut
N.	astronomer
L.	atmosphere
7.	The	smallest	particle	of	water	is	made	of	two	hydrogen	atoms	and	one	oxygen	atom.	What	is
this	an	example	of?
I.	molecule
U.	atom
E.	element
8.	Other	animals	hunt	this	animal	for	food.	What	is	this	animal?
O.	prey
I.	predator
R.	atmosphere
9.	Gases	surround	the	earth.	What	do	these	gases	make	up?
A.	astronomer
G.	atmosphere
S.	climate
10.	This	is	the	smallest	part	of	an	element	with	the	characteristics	of	the	element.	What	is	it?
G.	prey
M.	atom
O.	molecule
36.3	A	Tiny	Tree
This	tree	grows	on	the	tundra	of	Europe,	Greenland,	and	North	America.	It	reaches	a	height	of
only	about	2	inches	(5	centimeters).	What	is	the	name	of	this	tree?
To	answer	the	question,	complete	each	sentence	with	the	correct	word.	Choose	your	answers
from	the	words	after	each	sentence.	Write	the	letter	of	each	answer	in	the	space	above	its
sentence	number	at	the	bottom	of	the	page.	You	will	need	to	divide	the	letters	into	words.	One
letter	is	provided.
1.	The	fox	sneaked	up	on	his	_____.
M.	element
W.	prey
S.	predator
2.	The	_____	today	is	rainy.
O.	climate
E.	atom
A.	weather
3.	The	rocket	streaked	upward	through	the	earth’s	_____.
U.	element
I.	climate
O.	atmosphere
4.	A	_____	must	be	a	skillful	hunter	to	catch	other	animals	for	food.
I.	predator
Y.	molecule
A.	prey
5.	An	_____	receives	special	training	before	he	or	she	can	travel	in	space.
R.	astronomer
F.	astronaut
T.	atmosphere
6.	Two	or	more	atoms	can	combine	to	form	a	_____.
M.	climate
C.	prey
L.	molecule
7.	An	_____	is	the	smallest	part	of	an	element	that	has	all	the	characteristics	of	the	element.
D.	atom
N.	atmosphere
T.	astronomer
8.	A	desert	has	a	very	dry	_____.
L.	climate
N.	predator
D.	atmosphere
9.	Gold	is	an	_____	because	the	smallest	part	of	gold	is	a	gold	atom.
E.	astronomer
W.	element
R.	atmosphere
10.	Someday	an	_____	from	Earth	will	step	foot	on	Mars.
W.	astronaut
N.	element
S.	atmosphere
LESSON	37	Health	Words
Many	words	in	English	relate	to	health.
1.	exercise	(n):	an	activity	that	strengthens	the	body	or	mind;	(v):	to	strengthen	the	body	or
mind
Exercise	is	an	important	way	to	promote	good	health.
Albert	and	his	brother	exercise	at	least	four	times	each	week.
2.	food	(n):	a	substance	that	is	eaten	or	drunk	and	is	necessary	for	the	health	of	the	body;
nourishment
Our	bodies	require	food	to	grow.
3.	jog	(v):	to	run	at	a	slow	pace
Mr.	Carter	and	his	wife	jog	every	morning.
4.	physician	(n):	a	person	trained	to	treat	illnesses;	a	doctor
The	physician	told	Vanessa	that	she	had	a	cold.
5.	workout	(n):	a	period	of	exercise
Talia	enjoyed	a	long	workout	in	the	gym.
6.	fitness	(n):	the	state	of	being	in	good	physical	condition
Fitness	is	an	important	goal	for	everyone.
7.	disease	(n):	a	sickness;	an	illness
The	flu	is	a	disease	caused	by	a	virus.
8.	injury	(n):	a	wound;	damage;	hurt
Jamal	suffered	an	injury	during	football	practice.
9.	pulse	(n):	the	rhythm	of	blood	flowing	through	arteries,	produced	by	the	beating	heart
You	can	feel	your	pulse	at	your	wrist.
10.	checkup	(n):	a	physical	examination
I	went	for	a	checkup	yesterday.
Vocabulary	Tip
Understanding	words	related	to	health	can	help	you	live	a	healthy	life.
37.1	Husband	and	Wife	Scientists
This	husband	and	wife	studied	radioactivity.	They	contributed	much	to	our	understanding	of
atoms.	Who	were	they?
To	answer	the	question,	match	each	word	on	the	left	with	its	definition	on	the	right.	Write	the
letter	of	each	answer	in	the	space	above	the	word’s	number	at	the	bottom	of	the	page.	You	will
need	to	divide	the	letters	into	words.
37.2	Nobel	Prize	for	a	President
This	president	was	the	first	American	to	win	a	Nobel	Peace	Prize.	Who	was	he?
To	answer	the	question,	complete	each	sentence	with	the	correct	word.	Choose	your	answers
from	the	words	after	each	sentence.	Write	the	letter	of	each	answer	in	the	space	above	its
sentence	number	at	the	bottom	of	the	page.	You	will	need	to	divide	the	letters	into	words.	Some
letters	are	provided.
1.	To	stay	healthy,	every	year	Rhonda	goes	for	a	_____.
A.	fitness
H.	doctor
E.	checkup
2.	We	_____	at	least	three	times	each	week.
N.	food
T.	jog
S.	disease
3.	Caryn’s	ankle	_____	was	not	serious.
S.	checkup
Y.	injury
A.	pulse
4.	Our	family’s	_____	helps	us	when	we	are	ill.
R.	physician
M.	checkup
S.	food
5.	The	beating	of	your	heart	produces	your	_____.
F.	disease
N.	fitness
S.	pulse
6.	Every	living	thing	requires	_____.
V.	food
S.	injury
O.	illness
7.	I	always	feel	relaxed	after	a	_____.
E.	fitness
D.	workout
A.	disease
8.	When	you	are	in	good	physical	condition,	you	are	in	a	state	of	_____.
T.	fitness
B.	exercise
J.	nourishment
9.	Every	morning	I	_____	for	a	few	minutes.
O.	pulse
L.	exercise
E.	checkup
10.	Many	Americans	suffer	from	heart	_____.
R.	exercise
M.	pulse
O.	disease
37.3	The	Red	Planet
Mars	is	often	called	the	red	planet,	because	it	appears	reddish	in	the	night	sky.	What	gives	the
Martian	surface	its	reddish	color?
To	answer	the	question,	read	each	sentence	below.	Replace	each	underlined	word	or	phrase
with	the	word	that	has	a	similar	meaning.	Choose	your	answers	from	the	words	after	each
sentence.	Write	the	letter	of	each	answer	in	the	space	above	its	sentence	number	at	the	bottom	of
the	page.	You	will	need	to	divide	the	letters	into	words.	Some	letters	are	provided.
1.	The	rate	of	your	blood	flowing	through	your	arteries	increases	when	you	run.
I.	pulse
A.	disease
E.	illness
2.	When	youare	ill,	you	should	go	to	the	doctor.
O.	workout
E.	disease
U.	physician
3.	I	run	slowly	three	miles	before	breakfast	every	day.
N.	fitness
T.	jog
S.	exercise
4.	The	injury	to	my	knee	required	a	month	to	heal.
C.	exercise
S.	damage
M.	checkup
5.	I	exercise	to	maintain	a	state	of	good	physical	condition.
T.	workout
L.	fitness
D.	injury
6.	We	packed	plenty	of	nourishment	for	our	camping	trip.
B.	injury
I.	workout
S.	food
7.	Medicine	helps	doctors	fight	disease.
K.	sickness
R.	checkup
D.	fitness
8.	A	person	should	strengthen	his	or	her	body	each	day.
M.	fitness
H.	food
R.	exercise
9.	Jermaine	was	tired	after	his	long	period	of	exercise.
U.	workout
A.	fitness
E.	pulse
10.	Everyone	should	have	a	physical	examination	once	a	year.
L.	wound
D.	checkup
W.	workout
LESSON	38	Time	Words
Many	words	are	related	to	time.	Without	them,	we	would	have	trouble	marking	time.
1.	calendar	(n):	a	chart	used	to	keep	track	of	the	days,	weeks,	and	months
We	begin	using	a	new	calendar	every	January.
2.	minute	(n):	60	seconds
Becky	solved	the	math	problem	in	less	than	a	minute.
3.	second	(n):	1/60	minute;	a	brief	period	of	time
In	the	second	that	the	cage	was	open,	the	canary	flew	out.
4.	century	(n):	a	period	of	100	years
Great	progress	has	been	made	in	medicine	during	the	past	century.
5.	decade	(n):	a	period	of	10	years
Because	of	my	father’s	job,	we	moved	three	times	in	the	past	decade.
6.	hour	(n):	a	period	of	60	minutes
The	drive	to	the	city	lasted	an	hour.
7.	month	(n):	one	of	the	12	parts	into	which	a	year	is	divided
Four	big	snowstorms	hit	our	town	last	month.
8.	year	(n):	a	period	of	365	days;	12	months
Earth	travels	around	the	sun	once	in	one	year.
9.	midnight	(n):	12	o’clock	at	night;	the	middle	of	the	night
We	watched	the	championship	game	on	TV	and	did	not	go	to	bed	until	midnight.
10.	noon	(n):	12	o’clock	in	the	daytime;	midday
Our	lunch	period	starts	at	noon.
Vocabulary	Tip
Many	time	words	have	been	used	for	thousands	of	years.
38.1	Utah
The	name	of	the	state	of	Utah	comes	from	the	Ute	tribe.	What	was	the	original	meaning	of	Utah?
To	answer	the	question,	match	each	word	on	the	left	with	its	definition	on	the	right.	Write	the
letter	of	each	answer	in	the	space	above	the	word’s	number	at	the	bottom	of	the	page.	You	will
need	to	divide	the	letters	into	words.	Some	letters	are	provided.
38.2	The	First	American	Dictionary
This	man	published	the	first	American	dictionary.	Who	was	he?
To	answer	the	question,	find	the	word	that	matches	each	clue	below.	Choose	your	answers
from	the	words	after	the	clues.	Write	the	letter	of	each	answer	in	the	space	above	its	sentence
number	at	the	bottom	of	the	page.
1.	This	is	a	length	of	time	equal	to	10	years.	What	is	it?	_____
2.	Twelve	of	these	equal	a	year.	What	is	it?	_____
3.	One	of	these	equals	100	years.	What	is	it?	_____
4.	This	is	12	o’clock	at	night.	What	is	it?	_____
5.	This	is	a	period	of	60	minutes.	What	is	it?	_____
6.	This	is	a	chart	of	the	days,	weeks,	and	months.	What	is	it?	_____
7.	This	is	a	period	of	12	months	or	365	days.	What	is	it?	_____
8.	This	is	12	o’clock	in	the	daytime.	What	is	it?	_____
9.	Sixty	of	these	equal	a	minute.	What	is	it?	_____
10.	Sixty	of	these	equal	an	hour.	What	is	it?	_____
Answers
B.	second
R.	century
H.	hour
A.	month
T.	calendar
W.	minute
S.	decade
E.	year
N.	noon
O.	midnight
38.3	A	Tasty	Treat
This	tasty	treat	was	introduced	in	1912.	What	was	it?
To	answer	the	question,	complete	each	sentence	with	the	correct	word.	Choose	your	answers
from	the	words	after	each	sentence.	Write	the	letter	of	each	answer	in	the	space	above	its
sentence	number	at	the	bottom	of	the	page.	You	will	need	to	divide	the	letters	into	words.	One
letter	is	provided.
1.	The	Wright	brothers	invented	the	airplane	more	than	a	_____	ago	in	1903.
A.	month
U.	decade
E.	century
2.	We	have	time	to	complete	our	science	project	because	it	is	due	one	_____	from	today.
I.	month
A.	second
E.	hour
3.	I	have	a	dentist	appointment	in	the	middle	of	the	day	at	_____.
R.	noon
S.	midnight
E.	hour
4.	Sarah	stayed	up	past	her	bedtime	and	went	to	sleep	at	_____	last	night.
N.	minute
S.	midnight
R.	noon
5.	William	practiced	his	trumpet	for	one	_____	yesterday.
T.	decade
C.	hour
M.	century
6.	We	went	on	a	vacation	to	Florida	last	_____.
U.	minute
A.	decade
O.	year
7.	Darren	was	only	one	_____	late,	but	he	still	missed	his	bus.
E.	minute
T.	decade
O.	hour
8.	Jessica	checked	the	_____	and	found	that	the	first	day	of	spring	is	Saturday.
E.	month
O.	calendar
A.	year
9.	James	is	10	years	old	but	tells	everyone	he	is	one	_____	old.
H.	month
K.	decade
C.	century
10.	A	meteor	streaked	across	the	sky,	but	it	was	gone	in	a	_____.
S.	decade
M.	year
O.	second
LESSON	39	School	Words,	I
Some	words	are	used	often	in	school.
1.	grade	(n):	a	level	of	progress	in	school;	(v):	to	evaluate	or	rank	the	quality	of	work
Abby	is	in	the	fifth	grade.
Teachers	grade	their	students’	papers.
2.	assignment	(n):	schoolwork	to	be	completed
Mrs.	Simmons	wrote	our	assignment	on	the	board.
3.	textbook	(n):	the	standard	book	used	in	the	study	of	a	subject
Sheryl	left	her	science	textbook	in	the	library.
4.	directions	(n):	a	series	of	instructions
You	should	always	read	the	directions	before	starting	your	homework.
5.	error	(n):	a	mistake
There	was	only	one	error	on	Mike’s	social	studies	quiz.
6.	student	(n):	a	person	who	goes	to	school
Tamil	is	a	student	at	Lincoln	School.
7.	example	(n):	a	sample;	a	model
Mr.	Martinez	showed	us	an	example	of	a	math	problem.
8.	education	(n):	learning,	especially	through	school.
Education	is	important	for	success	in	life.
9.	subject	(n):	something	learned	or	taught;	a	topic
Tiara’s	favorite	subject	is	reading.
10.	double-check	(v):	to	look	at	again	to	find	mistakes
Our	teacher	encourages	us	to	double-check	our	work.
Vocabulary	Tip
Many	of	the	words	used	in	schools	are	also	used	in	other	areas	of	life.
39.1	Towering	Clouds
Cumulonimbus	clouds	are	high,	towering	clouds.	They	are	usually	associated	with	a	particular
kind	of	weather.	What	kind	of	weather	is	this?
To	answer	the	question,	find	the	word	that	matches	each	definition	below.	Choose	your
answers	from	the	words	after	the	definitions.	Write	the	letter	of	each	answer	in	the	space	above
its	definition	number	at	the	bottom	of	the	page.
1.	to	look	at	again	in	an	effort	to	find	errors	_____
2.	a	mistake	_____
3.	something	learned	or	taught;	a	topic	_____
4.	the	standard	book	used	in	the	study	of	a	subject	_____
5.	a	sample;	a	model	_____
6.	a	series	of	instructions	_____
7.	a	level	of	progress	in	school	_____
8.	learning,	especially	through	school	_____
9.	schoolwork	to	be	completed	_____
10.	a	person	who	goes	to	school	_____
Answers
H.	directions
S.	education
M.	assignment
E.	double-check
O.	textbook
R.	error
U.	subject
N.	student
T.	example
D.	grade
39.2	Inventor	of	a	Hearing	Aid
In	1898,	Miller	Reese	Hutchison	invented	the	first	electric	hearing	aid	that	was	worn	on	the	body.
It	was	the	forerunner	of	the	hearing	aids	of	today.	What	was	this	hearing	aid	called?
To	answer	the	question,	complete	each	sentence	with	the	correct	word.	Choose	your	answers
from	the	words	after	the	sentences.	Write	the	letter	of	each	answer	in	the	space	above	its	sentence
number	at	the	bottom	of	the	page.
1.	By	working	hard	in	school,	you	will	gain	an	_____.
2.	After	reading	the	_____,	Kevin	was	able	to	put	the	model	together.
3.	The	new	_____	in	our	class	is	from	Texas.
4.	I	finished	my	math	_____	in	school.
5.	My	little	sister	is	in	the	first	_____.
6.	Jared	is	always	in	a	hurry	and	sometimes	forgets	to	_____	his	work.
7.	Nick	left	his	social	studies	_____	at	school.
8.	Studying	an	_____	can	help	you	understand	a	problem.
9.	Halley	had	only	one	_____	on	her	spelling	test.
10.	Science	is	Andrew’s	most	challenging	_____.
Answers
U.	education
N.	student
O.	example
C.	subject
E.	assignment
T.	textbook
S.	directions
I.	grade
H.	error
A.	double-check
39.3	A	Long	Trip
Afterthe	sun,	the	next	closest	star	to	Earth	is	Proxima	Centauri.	About	how	many	years	would	it
take	for	a	spaceship	from	Earth	to	travel	to	that	star	with	our	current	technology?
To	answer	the	question,	read	each	sentence	below.	If	the	underlined	word	is	used	correctly,
write	the	letter	for	correct	in	the	space	above	its	sentence	number	at	the	bottom	of	the	page.	If	the
underlined	word	is	not	used	correctly,	write	the	letter	for	incorrect.	You	will	need	to	divide	the
letters	into	words.	One	letter	is	provided.
1.	Raymond’s	math	homework	was	on	page	222	of	his	textbook.
U.	correct
A.	incorrect
2.	Melissa	corrected	the	only	error	in	her	homework.
Y.	correct
E.	incorrect
3.	An	example	should	never	be	thought	of	as	a	sample.
L.	correct
S.	incorrect
4.	Education	is	the	study	of	vocabulary.
I.	correct
A.	incorrect
5.	Sean	is	the	student	of	the	week	in	his	school.
T.	correct
Y.	incorrect
6.	There	are	seven	classes	in	the	fifth	grade	at	my	school.
O.	correct
I.	incorrect
7.	Carla	did	not	read	the	directions,	so	she	made	careless	mistakes	on	her	quiz.
V.	correct
X.	incorrect
8.	An	assignment	is	work	that	does	not	have	to	be	completed.
N.	correct
D.	incorrect
9.	When	you	double-check	your	work,	you	are	not	looking	at	the	work	again.
T.	correct
N.	incorrect
10.	Because	we	eat	lunch	in	school,	lunch	is	a	subject.
R.	correct
E.	incorrect
LESSON	40	School	Words,	II
Some	words	are	used	often	in	school.
1.	atlas	(n):	a	book	of	maps	and	charts
We	used	an	atlas	to	find	the	states	that	border	Iowa.
2.	research	(n):	careful	study	or	investigation	of	a	topic;	(v):	to	study	or	investigate	a	topic
Jill	finished	the	research	for	her	report	online.
Charles	will	research	Abraham	Lincoln’s	life.
3.	library	(n):	a	room	or	building	that	contains	books	for	reading	or	borrowing
Charles	borrows	books	from	the	library.
4.	dictionary	(n):	a	book	containing	an	alphabetical	list	of	words,	their	meanings,	and	their
pronunciations
Kathy	looks	up	the	meanings	of	new	words	in	a	dictionary.
5.	almanac	(n):	a	book	of	facts	published	every	year
An	almanac	is	a	good	source	of	up-to-date	information.
6.	thesaurus	(n):	a	book	containing	a	list	of	words	with	their	synonyms
David	checked	the	thesaurus	for	synonyms	for	large.
7.	define	(v):	to	state	the	meaning	of;	to	explain;	to	describe
We	had	to	define	five	new	words	for	science.
8.	encyclopedia	(n):	a	book	(or	set	of	books)	containing	information	on	a	wide	range	of
subjects
Maria	checked	the	encyclopedia	for	information	about	Jupiter.
9.	compare	(v):	to	find	similarities	or	differences
The	reading	assignment	is	to	compare	the	traits	of	characters.
10.	learn	(v):	to	gain	knowledge	or	skill
We	will	learn	about	the	life	cycles	of	frogs	in	science	today.
Vocabulary	Tip
Learning	vocabulary	is	a	key	to	understanding	any	subject.
40.1	Arizona
The	name	Arizona	comes	from	the	Native	American	word	arizonac.	What	is	the	meaning	of
arizonac?
To	answer	the	question,	find	the	word	for	each	definition	below.	Choose	your	answers	from
the	words	after	each	definition.	Write	the	letter	of	each	answer	in	the	space	above	its	definition
number	at	the	bottom	of	the	page.	You	will	need	to	divide	the	letters	into	words.
1.	to	gain	knowledge	or	skill	_____
N.	library
L.	learn
T.	define
2.	a	book	containing	a	list	of	words	with	their	synonyms	_____
M.	atlas
C.	almanac
S.	thesaurus
3.	to	state	the	meaning	of;	to	explain;	to	describe	_____
I.	compare
P.	learn
R.	define
4.	a	room	or	building	that	contains	books	for	reading	or	borrowing	_____
E.	library
U.	atlas
Y.	thesaurus
5.	a	book	of	facts	published	every	year	_____
O.	atlas
I.	almanac
A.	thesaurus
6.	to	find	similarities	or	differences	_____
E.	define
O.	research
N.	compare
7.	a	book	(or	set	of	books)	containing	information	on	a	wide	range	of	subjects	_____
L.	encyclopedia
S.	atlas
M.	thesaurus
8.	a	book	containing	an	alphabetical	list	of	words,	their	meanings,	and	their	pronunciations
_____
R.	almanac
P.	dictionary
U.	atlas
9.	a	book	of	maps	and	charts	_____
G.	atlas
C.	almanac
W.	thesaurus
10.	careful	study	or	investigation	of	a	topic	_____
N.	define
P.	library
T.	research
40.2	A	Special	Map
One	kind	of	map	shows	the	physical	features	of	a	place.	What	kind	of	map	is	this?
To	answer	the	question,	complete	each	sentence	with	the	correct	word.	Choose	your	answers
from	the	words	after	each	sentence.	Write	the	letter	of	each	answer	in	the	space	above	its
sentence	number	at	the	bottom	of	the	page.	One	letter	is	provided.
1.	Hidecki’s	only	homework	was	to	_____	10	words.
A.	define
E.	dictionary
U.	library
2.	To	find	the	location	of	Mexico	City,	Chris	checked	the	_____.
S.	thesaurus
P.	research
H.	atlas
3.	Anna	borrowed	three	books	from	the	_____.
P.	library
R.	almanac
K.	research
4.	I	would	like	to	_____	to	play	the	piano.
E.	define
C.	learn
N.	compare
5.	The	_____	has	information	on	countless	subjects	and	topics.
T.	atlas
I.	dictionary
G.	encyclopedia
6.	When	Ryan	does	not	understand	a	word,	he	checks	its	meaning	in	a	_____.
P.	dictionary
B.	research
W.	library
7.	In	science	we	had	to	_____	different	plants.
V.	learn
R.	compare
M.	atlas
8.	Deb	uses	a	_____	to	find	words	that	have	similar	meanings.
L.	dictionary
R.	library
T.	thesaurus
9.	To	find	the	amount	of	rainfall	in	major	cities	last	year,	Jon	checked	an	_____.
I.	almanac
O.	atlas
E.	encyclopedia
10.	Erica	began	her	on	the	solar	system	right	after	school.
U.	library
O.	research
I.	learn
40.3	A	Horseback	Rider
There	is	a	special	word	for	a	person	who	rides	a	horse.	What	is	this	word?
To	answer	the	question,	read	each	sentence	below.	If	the	underlined	word	is	used	correctly,
write	the	letter	for	correct	in	the	space	above	its	sentence	number	at	the	bottom	of	the	page.	If	the
underlined	word	is	not	used	correctly,	write	the	letter	for	incorrect.
1.	Every	Saturday,	Brittany	goes	to	the	library	to	borrow	a	new	book	to	read.
E.	correct
U.	incorrect
2.	You	can	find	the	meanings	and	pronunciations	of	words	in	an	almanac.
A.	correct
I.	incorrect
3.	A	thesaurus	is	an	excellent	book	for	finding	words	with	similar	meanings.
U.	correct
E.	incorrect
4.	Angela	spent	several	hours	doing	research	for	her	report.
N.	correct
S.	incorrect
5.	An	encyclopedia	is	a	book	that	contains	information	on	one	topic.
H.	correct
R.	incorrect
6.	When	you	need	to	find	the	meaning	of	a	word,	you	should	check	a	dictionary.
E.	correct
O.	incorrect
7.	We	learn	new	things	in	school	every	day.
A.	correct
U.	incorrect
8.	An	atlas	is	a	book	of	stories	about	other	countries.
E.	correct
S.	incorrect
9.	To	define	a	word,	you	must	go	to	a	library.
W.	correct
T.	incorrect
10.	When	you	compare	two	things,	you	can	always	expect	them	to	be	similar.
N.	correct
Q.	incorrect
Word	List
Following	are	the	vocabulary	words	and	the	lessons	in	which	they	appear.
accept,	L.	9
action,	L.	12
actor,	L.	12
adapt,	L.	10
adopt,	L.	10
advice,	L.	10
advise,	L.	10
agree,	L.	4
agreement,	L.	19
alarm	clock,	L.	24
alley,	L.	10
ally,	L.	10
almanac,	L.	40
ancient,	L.	22
angel,	L.	10
angle,	L.	10
apology,	L.	15
aquarium,	L.	13
aquatic,	L.	13
aqueduct,	L.	13
argue,	L.	3
armada,	L.	35
artificial,	L.	23
assignment,	L.	39
astronaut,	L.	36
astronomer,	L.	36
atlas,	L.	40
atmosphere,	L.	36
atom,	L.	36
author,	L.	32
autobiography,	L.	14
autograph,	L.	14
avoid,	L.	3
awkward,	L.	1
ball,	L.	5
ballet,	L.	30
bandit,	L.	30
barometer,	L.	15
bear,	L.	5
biography,	L.	14
boundary,	L.	2
Braille,	L.	26
brake,	L.	8
brash,	L.	27
break,	L.	8
breath,	L.	9
breathe,	L.	9
brunch,	L.	27
brush,	L.	6
burger,	L.	28
calendar,	L.	38
camper,	L.	13
campus,	L.	13
canyon,	L.	30
cardboard,	L.	24
careful,	L.	18
careless,	L.	18
carnival,	L.	30
cease,	L.	9
cell,	L.	7
Celsius,	L.	26
century,	L.	38
cereal,	L.	26
certain,	L.	11
champ,	L.	28
character,	L.	32
checkup,	L.	37
chef,	L.	29
childish,	L.	19
chortle,	L.	27
citizen,	L.	35
climate,	L.	36
close,	L.	5,	8
closing,	L.	32
clothes,L.	8
colonel,	L.	8
colony,	L.	35
comfortable,	L.	18
comical,	L.	1
command,	L.	11
commend,	L.	11
common,	L.	1
compare,	L.	40
condo,	L.	28
conflict,	L.	2
contain,	L.	13
continent,	L.	34
corporation,	L.	13
corps,	L.	13
costume,	L.	11
count,	L.	5
country,	L.	9
county,	L.	9
courageous,	L.	4
curtain,	L.	11
custom,	L.	11
cute,	L.	1
cycle,	L.	14
cyclone,	L.	14
dairy,	L.	9
dangerous,	L.	3
dazzling,	L.	21
decade,	L.	38
decent,	L.	11
decimal,	L.	33
define,	L.	40
deli,	L.	28
delightful,	L.	4
dense,	L.	20
dependable,	L.	23
depot,	L.	29
descent,	L.	11
desert,	L.	5,	9
dessert,	L.	9
destroy,	L.	4
detail,	L.	32
diagram,	L.	15
dialogue,	L.	32
diameter,	L.	15
diary,	L.	9
dictionary,	L.	40
different,	L.	20
difficult,	L.	23
directions,	L.	39
disagree,	L.	17
disease,	L.	37
dishonest,	L.	17
dislike,	L.	17
divide,	L.	1
doctor,	L.	18
doesn’t,	L.	31
double-check,	L.	39
doubt,	L.	3
driveway,	L.	25
drowsy,	L.	20
duck,	L.	6
eager,	L.	21
education,	L.	39
element,	L.	36
encyclopedia,	L.	40
energetic,	L.	22
enjoyment,	L.	19
enormous,	L.	19
enough,	L.	22
entire,	L.	1
envelop,	L.	11
envelope,	L.	11
equal,	L.	33
error,	L.	39
estimate,	L.	33
example,	L.	39
except,	L.	9
excessive,	L.	21
exercise,	L.	37
exotic,	L.	23
expect,	L.	10
expensive,	L.	20
explorer,	L.	35
exquisite,	L.	20
Fahrenheit,	L.	26
failure,	L.	3
famous,	L.	20
fantastic,	L.	20
farther,	L.	10
ferocious,	L.	2
Ferris	wheel,	L.	26
fertile,	L.	34
fiction,	L.	32
finale,	L.	11
finally,	L.	11
fireplace,	L.	25
firm,	L.	3
fitness,	L.	37
flashlight,	L.	24
flop,	L.	27
flu,	L.	28
food,	L.	37
fraction,	L.	33
frankfurter,	L.	26
frantic,	L.	22
frequent,	L.	21
fridge,	L.	28
frontier,	L.	35
full-time,	L.	25
further,	L.	10
gather,	L.	4
generous,	L.	22
geography,	L.	14
geometry,	L.	14
gigantic,	L.	1
government,	L.	19
grade,	L.	39
grammar,	L.	15
graph,	L.	33
grate,	L.	8
great,	L.	8
gym,	L.	28
haiku,	L.	29
hardship,	L.	18
hear,	L.	7
here,	L.	7
he’s,	L.	31
hole,	L.	7
homework,	L.	25
hour,	L.	38
human,	L.	10
humane,	L.	10
humble,	L.	22
humorous,	L.	4
hurricane,	L.	30
I’m,	L.	31
immense,	L.	2
impatient,	L.	23
impolite,	L.	16
impossible,	L.	16
inexpensive,	L.	3
injury,	L.	37
interesting,	L.	4
inventor,	L.	18
island,	L.	34
it’s,	L.	31
jog,	L.	37
joyous,	L.	19
judge,	L.	30
justice,	L.	30
kernel,	L.	8
kind,	L.	6
kindness,	L.	19
knapsack,	L.	30
knight,	L.	8
later,	L.	9
latter,	L.	9
learn,	L.	40
liberty,	L.	1
library,	L.	40
lightening,	L.	9
lightning,	L.	9
limerick,	L.	26
loan,	L.	7
locate,	L.	12
lone,	L.	7
loose,	L.	10
lose,	L.	10
loyalty,	L.	4
macaroni,	L.	29
mailbox,	L.	25
marvelous,	L.	2
math,	L.	28
matriarch,	L.	15
mayor,	L.	30
measure,	L.	33
meat,	L.	7
medal,	L.	11
meet,	L.	7
metal,	L.	11
midnight,	L.	38
minute,	L.	38
misplace,	L.	16
misspell,	L.	16
molecule,	L.	36
monarch,	L.	15
month,	L.	38
moped,	L.	27
motel,	L.	27
mountain,	L.	34
mustang,	L.	29
mysterious,	L.	22
narrow,	L.	20
nation,	L.	35
nearby,	L.	25
newspaper,	L.	25
night,	L.	8
nonfat,	L.	17
nonfiction,	L.	32
nonsense,	L.	4
nonstop,	L.	17
noon,	L.	38
obey,	L.	3
ocean,	L.	34
opening,	L.	32
ordinary,	L.	23
outstanding,	L.	1
pair,	L.	8
passed,	L.	7
past,	L.	7
pastor,	L.	11
pasture,	L.	11
patio,	L.	29
patriot,	L.	35
peaceful,	L.	21
peanut	butter,	L.	25
pear,	L.	8
peculiar,	L.	22
penmanship,	L.	18
photograph,	L.	14
physician,	L.	37
pioneer,	L.	35
pitcher,	L.	5
plane,	L.	28
plateau,	L.	34
playground,	L.	24
pleasant,	L.	21
plot,	L.	32
polite,	L.	4
polygon,	L.	33
popular,	L.	13
population,	L.	13
porter,	L.	12
powerful,	L.	2
prairie,	L.	34
precaution,	L.	16
predator,	L.	36
prehistoric,	L.	16
present,	L.	6
prey,	L.	36
primitive,	L.	21
problem,	L.	33
prologue,	L.	15
proud,	L.	21
prune,	L.	6
pulse,	L.	37
pupil,	L.	5
quiet,	L.	10
quit,	L.	10
quite,	L.	10
quotient,	L.	33
rage,	L.	2
rash,	L.	6
react,	L.	12
recent,	L.	9
recycle,	L.	14
remain,	L.	2
remarkable,	L.	18
renew,	L.	17
report,	L.	12
research,	L.	40
resent,	L.	9
revise,	L.	2
rewrite,	L.	17
right,	L.	7
river,	L.	34
rodeo,	L.	29
role,	L.	8
roll,	L.	8
root,	L.	6
sadness,	L.	19
sandwich,	L.	26
saxophone,	L.	26
scarce,	L.	22
scene,	L.	8
school,	L.	5
science,	L.	15
seat	belt,	L.	24
second,	L.	38
seen,	L.	8
seize,	L.	9
selfish,	L.	19
sell,	L.	7
set,	L.	11
setting,	L.	32
sit,	L.	11
slight,	L.	20
smash,	L.	27
smog,	L.	27
soggy,	L.	23
solution,	L.	33
sometimes,	L.	24
somewhere,	L.	25
spacious,	L.	3
spare,	L.	23
special,	L.	3
spectacular,	L.	23
splendid,	L.	22
splurge,	L.	27
squiggle,	L.	27
stake,	L.	8
startle,	L.	1
steak,	L.	8
steal,	L.	7
steel,	L.	7
student,	L.	39
subject,	L.	39
subzero,	L.	17
sunny,	L.	19
suspect,	L.	10
swallow,	L.	6
sweatshirt,	L.	24
tablecloth,	L.	24
teacher,	L.	18
tear,	L.	6
telephone,	L.	17
telephoto,	L.	14
telescope,	L.	17
territory,	L.	12
textbook,	L.	39
than,	L.	9
then,	L.	9
thermometer,	L.	15
thesaurus,	L.	40
they’re,	L.	31
thorough,	L.	11
thoughtful,	L.	18
through,	L.	11
tiny,	L.	2
tire,	L.	6
tornado,	L.	30
towering,	L.	20
transform,	L.	12
transport,	L.	12
umbrella,	L.	29
ump,	L.	28
underground,	L.	16
underline,	L.	16
uniform,	L.	12
union,	L.	35
unsafe,	L.	16
unsure,	L.	16
unusual,	L.	21
up-to-date,	L.	24
vain,	L.	7
valley,	L.	34
vein,	L.	7
vigorous,	L.	23
volcano,	L.	26
voyage,	L.	35
waffle,	L.	29
waist,	L.	8
waste,	L.	8
waterfall,	L.	34
waterproof,	L.	25
way,	L.	7
wear,	L.	10
weary,	L.	21
weather,	L.	36
weekend,	L.	24
weigh,	L.	7
we’ll,	L.	31
we’re,	L.	31
were,	L.	10
whole,	L.	7
wind,	L.	5
won’t,	L.	31
workout,	L.	37
write,	L.	7
yacht,	L.	29
yard,	L.	5
year,	L.	38
you’re,	L.	31
you’ve,	L.	31
Answer	Key
Lesson	1
1.1	1.	T
2.	E
3.	W
4.	A
5.	S
6.	R
7.	I
8.	K
9.	G
10.	H	great	white	shark
1.2	1.	A
2.	O
3.	S
4.	E
5.	N
6.	I
7.	D
8.	H
9.	R
10.	L	Rhode	Island
1.3	1.	O
2.	E
3.	Y
4.	I
5.	F
6.	X
7.	J
8.	L
9.	H
10.	B	box	jellyfish
Lesson	2
2.1	1.	R
2.	O
3.	I
4.	E
5.	S
6.	C
7.	T
8.	B
9.	H
10.	L	Scottish	border	collie
2.2	1.	E
2.	R
3.	A
4.	A
5.	O
6.	I
7.	N
8.	M
9.	G
10.	D	Maine	and	Oregon
2.3	1.	A
2.	C
3.	K
4.	M
5.	N
6.	I
7.	L
8.	D
9.	W
10.	B	William	Buckland
Lesson	3
3.1	1.	E
2.	R
3.	A
4.	A
5.	S
6.	O
7.	R
8.	B
9.	L
10.	P	polar	bears
3.2	1.	R
2.	G
3.	S
4.	M
5.	W
6.	T
7.	H
8.	P
9.	Y
10.	E	the	pygmy	shrew
3.3	1.	T
2.	R
3.	N
4.	Y
5.	A
6.	S
7.	I
8.	G
9.	P
10.	M	praying	mantis
Lesson	4
4.1	1.	U
2.	E
3.	C
4.	A
5.	F
6.	S
7.	E
8.	P
9.	L
10.	A	Peaceful	Sea
4.2	1.	C
2.	G
3.	I
4.	I
5.	L
6.	P
7.	O
8.	T
9.	L
10.	S	pullicologist
4.3	1.	H
2.	E
3.	S
4.	O
5.	E
6.	R
7.	R
8.	C
9.	D
10.	T	Dorchester
Lesson	5
5.1	1.	A
2.	E
3.	D
4.	P
5.	S
6.	N
7.	F
8.	O
9.	R
10.	G	golden	poison	dart	frog
5.2	1.	O
2.	T
3.	S
4.	N
5.	R
6.	I
7.	H
8.	U
9.	E
10.	G	eighteen	hours
5.3	1.	I
2.	R
3.	D
4.	M
5.	P
6.	H
7.	L
8.	O
9.	S
10.	A	sloths,	opossums,	armadillos
Lesson	6
6.1	1.	O
2.	L
3.	E
4.	H
5.	V
6.	R
7.	T
8.	U
9.	S
10.	W	twelve	hours	(with	order	of	letters	reversed)
6.2	1.	D
2.	N
3.	A
4.	I
5.	E
6.	L
7.	V
8.	O
9.	G
10.	C	Calvin	Coolidge
6.3	1.	Z
2.	E
3.	D
4.	O
5.	I
6.	V
7.	A
8.	G
9.	R
10.	N	Giovanni	da	Verrazano
Lesson	7
7.1	1.	N
2.	Q
3.	S
4.	Y
5.	R
6.	W
7.	F
8.	A
9.	T
10.	E	twenty	square	feet
7.2	1.	O
2.	E
3.	A
4.	R
5.	T
6.	B
7.	K
8.	M
9.	S
10.	R	Bram	Stoker
7.3	1.	A
2.	G
3.	S
4.	C
5.	I
6.	N
7.	T
8.	O
9.	V
10.	L	volcanologists
Lesson	8
8.1	1.	L
2.	A
3.	U
4.	K
5.	R
6.	N
7.	O
8.	I
9.	M
10.	T	Mount	Kilimanjaro
8.2	1.	C
2.	R
3.	G
4.	U
5.	A
6.	T
7.	O
8.	S
9.	S
10.	C	saguaro	cactus
8.3	1.	U
2.	M
3.	O
4.	Y
5.	N
6.	S
7.	Q
8.	H
9.	J
10.	A	John	Quincy	Adams
Lesson	9
9.1	1.	Y
2.	B
3.	E
4.	E
5.	N
6.	N
7.	O
8.	B
9.	S
10.	N	Benny	Benson
9.2	1.	O
2.	D
3.	A
4.	A
5.	C
6.	A
7.	V
8.	G
9.	M
10.	S	Vasco	da	Gama
9.3	1.	E
2.	I
3.	T
4.	E
5.	H
6.	L
7.	R
8.	M
9.	A
10.	R	Amelia	Earhart
Lesson	10
10.1	1.	O
2.	S
3.	E
4.	M
5.	M
6.	J
7.	D
8.	I
9.	N
10.	A	James	Madison
10.2	1.	A
2.	A
3.	I
4.	I
5.	L
6.	O7.	G
8.	L
9.	G
10.	E	Galileo	Galilei
10.3	1.	A
2.	A
3.	I
4.	K
5.	I
6.	L
7.	S
8.	H
9.	A
10.	W	Hawaii,	Alaska
Lesson	11
11.1	1.	E
2.	I
3.	O
4.	Y
5.	H
6.	K
7.	N
8.	C
9.	R
10.	M	Chimney	Rock
11.2	1.	A
2.	A
3.	A
4.	R
5.	R
6.	G
7.	T
8.	N
9.	K
10.	O	kangaroo	rat
11.3	1.	A
2.	O
3.	R
4.	G
5.	D
6.	R
7.	E
8.	D
9.	B
10.	T	Robert	Goddard
Lesson	12
12.1	1.	L
2.	U
3.	O
4.	S
5.	M
6.	D
7.	E
8.	N
9.	R
10.	A	Roald	Amundsen
12.2	1.	H
2.	I
3.	U
4.	O
5.	N
6.	T
7.	L
8.	A
9.	S
10.	C	South	Carolina
12.3	1.	T
2.	T
3.	N
4.	I
5.	E
6.	O
7.	T
8.	M
9.	E
10.	N	mintonette
Lesson	13
13.1	1.	S
2.	I
3.	O
4.	A
5.	B
6.	E
7.	Y
8.	C
9.	D
10.	L	celestial	body
13.2	1.	U
2.	I
3.	T
4.	M
5.	S
6.	R
7.	O
8.	A
9.	B
10.	D	Bartholomeu	Dias
13.3	1.	N
2.	T
3.	E
4.	T
5.	I
6.	H
7.	N
8.	E
9.	N
10.	E	nineteenth	(with	order	of	letters	reversed)
Lesson	14
14.1	1.	N
2.	A
3.	E
4.	C
5.	T
6.	R
7.	K
8.	S
9.	F
10.	Y	Francis	Scott	Key
14.2	1.	A
2.	U
3.	H
4.	E
5.	I
6.	T
7.	S
8.	G
9.	L
10.	C	sight,	hearing,	taste,	smell,	touch
14.3	1.	E
2.	R
3.	S
4.	O
5.	I
6.	L
7.	C
8.	S
9.	P
10.	A	solar	eclipse
Lesson	15
15.1	1.	S
2.	S
3.	E
4.	U
5.	O
6.	U
7.	A
8.	T
9.	R
10.	G	stegosaurus
15.2	1.	U
2.	I
3.	O
4.	H
5.	E
6.	N
7.	P
8.	A
9.	L
10.	R	an	ailurophile
15.3	1.	I
2.	I
3.	L
4.	A
5.	E
6.	L
7.	R
8.	C
9.	S
10.	P	capillaries
Lesson	16
16.1	1.	E
2.	H
3.	I
4.	O
5.	A
6.	N
7.	R
8.	W
9.	D
10.	C	Richard	Owen
16.2	1.	U
2.	H
3.	A
4.	R
5.	E
6.	T
7.	D
8.	S
9.	O
10.	N	one	hundred	thousand
16.3	1.	A
2.	U
3.	S
4.	G
5.	E
6.	N
7.	S
8.	S
9.	S
10.	L	sunglasses
Lesson	17
17.1	1.	O
2.	I
3.	N
4.	E
5.	A
6.	S
7.	H
8.	T
9.	F
10.	R	the	rain	forest
17.2	1.	I
2.	C
3.	E
4.	B
5.	H
6.	U
7.	F
8.	L
9.	S
10.	N	bullfinches
17.3	1.	I
2.	N
3.	A
4.	E
5.	L
6.	T
7.	Y
8.	D
9.	W
10.	S	Walt	Disney
Lesson	18
18.1	1.	C
2.	O
3.	V
4.	S
5.	R
6.	N
7.	I
8.	A
9.	G
10.	E	George	Washington	Carver
18.2	1.	A
2.	E
3.	H
4.	L
5.	N
6.	S
7.	U
8.	O
9.	J
10.	P	John	Paul	Jones
18.3	1.	I
2.	M
3.	H
4.	M
5.	N
6.	S
7.	O
8.	U
9.	T
10.	R	ornithomimus
Lesson	19
19.1	1.	A
2.	A
3.	E
4.	A
5.	K
6.	I
7.	H
8.	W
9.	I
10.	L	Ka	Lae,	Hawaii
19.2	1.	E
2.	H
3.	O
4.	N
5.	R
6.	T
7.	P
8.	I
9.	C
10.	L	Christopher	Paolini
19.3	1.	E
2.	I
3.	I
4.	L
5.	L
6.	A
7.	H
8.	D
9.	P
10.	H	Philadelphia
Lesson	20
20.1	1.	I
2.	D
3.	N
4.	B
5.	C
6.	O
7.	T
8.	A
9.	R
10.	E	border	the	Atlantic	Ocean
20.2	1.	I
2.	C
3.	A
4.	L
5.	R
6.	L
7.	P
8.	Y
9.	R
10.	B	public	library
20.3	1.	E
2.	I
3.	O
4.	E
5.	E
6.	L
7.	R
8.	M
9.	C
10.	T	ceilometer
Lesson	21
21.1	1.	R
2.	M
3.	W
4.	O
5.	A
6.	I
7.	G
8.	L
9.	R
10.	S	Roger	Williams
21.2	1.	R
2.	K
3.	I
4.	A
5.	E
6.	L
7.	J
8.	N
9.	B
10.	F	Benjamin	Franklin
21.3	1.	O
2.	O
3.	O
4.	S
5.	R
6.	D
7.	A
8.	N
9.	S
10.	I	sauroposeidon
Lesson	22
22.1	1.	P
2.	L
3.	R
4.	S
5.	E
6.	T
7.	G
8.	H
9.	I
10.	O	herpetologist
22.2	1.	I
2.	D
3.	R
4.	E
5.	H
6.	L
7.	L
8.	D
9.	A
10.	N	Daniel	Handler
22.3	1.	I
2.	A
3.	E
4.	N
5.	A
6.	V
7.	I
8.	O
9.	T
10.	S	aestivation
Lesson	23
23.1	1.	U
2.	M
3.	I
4.	Y
5.	R
6.	T
7.	C
8.	P
9.	E
10.	J	Mercury,	Jupiter
23.2	1.	D
2.	I
3.	O
4.	U
5.	L
6.	A
7.	L
8.	Q
9.	S
10.	G	liquid,	gas,	solid
23.3	1.	A
2.	P
3.	I
4.	O
5.	C
6.	T
7.	R
8.	N
9.	P
10.	T	precipitation
Lesson	24
24.1	1.	P
2.	H
3.	A
4.	I
5.	O
6.	L
7.	G
8.	T
9.	S
10.	E	the	Age	of	Reptiles
24.2	1.	S
2.	O
3.	M
4.	F
5.	D
6.	B
7.	L
8.	C
9.	T
10.	I	District	of	Columbia
24.3	1.	R
2.	U
3.	I
4.	M
5.	O
6.	S
7.	Y
8.	T
9.	H
10.	P	hippopotamus	ivory
Lesson	25
25.1	1.	D
2.	I
3.	A
4.	H
5.	T
6.	P
7.	R
8.	N
9.	E
10.	S	the	Stars	and	Stripes
25.2	1.	T
2.	M
3.	N
4.	W
5.	F
6.	D
7.	R
8.	L
9.	O
10.	A	land	of	tomorrow
25.3	1.	Y
2.	N
3.	O
4.	E
5.	I
6.	T
7.	G
8.	R
9.	B
10.	L	ringing	of	the	Liberty	Bell
Lesson	26
26.1	1.	N
2.	E
3.	S
4.	A
5.	V
6.	Y
7.	U
8.	H
9.	M
10.	R	Earth,	Mercury,	Mars,	Venus
26.2	1.	D
2.	C
3.	A
4.	P
5.	J
6.	H
7.	N
8.	B
9.	R
10.	E	Jean	Pierre	Blanchard
26.3	1.	E
2.	T
3.	A
4.	R
5.	O
6.	L
7.	H
8.	G
9.	E
10.	M	geothermal
Lesson	27
27.1	1.	E
2.	T
3.	T
4.	T
5.	T
6.	W
7.	N
8.	L
9.	W
10.	V	twelve	to	twenty
27.2	1.	A
2.	S
3.	R
4.	P
5.	C
6.	H
7.	O
8.	J
9.	E
10.	N	Josephine	Cochran
27.3	1.	N
2.	D
3.	R
4.	I
5.	U
6.	E
7.	A
8.	W
9.	G
10.	L	Laura	Ingalls	Wilder
Lesson	28
28.1	1.	E
2.	G
3.	A
4.	L
5.	M
6.	T
7.	R
8.	O
9.	B
10.	I	marine	biologist
28.2	1.	N
2.	A
3.	T
4.	R
5.	I
6.	E
7.	M
8.	E
9.	H
10.	R	Henrietta	Maria
28.3	1.	E
2.	S
3.	E
4.	E
5.	I
6.	R
7.	P
8.	H
9.	H
10.	M	hemispheres
Lesson	29
29.1	1.	A
2.	E
3.	N
4.	D
5.	L
6.	E
7.	D
8.	K
9.	Y
10.	O	Yankee	Doodle
29.2	1.	E
2.	G
3.	I
4.	G
5.	N
6.	A
7.	U
8.	S
9.	G
10.	L	sign	language
29.3	1.	D
2.	S
3.	N
4.	H
5.	E
6.	G
7.	R
8.	T
9.	P
10.	O	Peter	Hodgson
Lesson	30
30.1	1.	C
2.	M
3.	S
4.	O
5.	L
6.	I
7.	N
8.	T
9.	A
10.	F	automatic	traffic	signal
30.2	1.	M
2.	N
3.	T
4.	R
5.	S
6.	L
7.	A
8.	O
9.	G
10.	D	Old	Stormalong
30.3	1.	A
2.	R
3.	N
4.	O
5.	D
6.	W
7.	B
8.	A
9.	A
10.	L	Baron	De	La	Warr
Lesson	31
31.1	1.	R
2.	N
3.	E
4.	A
5.	T
6.	G
7.	S
8.	W
9.	I
10.	V	West	Virginia
31.2	1.	R
2.	V
3.	E
4.	T
5.	P
6.	I
7.	L
8.	G
9.	M
10.	B	improved	lightbulb
31.3	1.	S
2.	R
3.	E
4.	A
5.	Y
6.	P
7.	H
8.	O
9.	B
10.	T	the	Boston	Tea	Party
Lesson	32
32.1	1.	C
2.	R
3.	A
4.	E
5.	T
6.	T
7.	C
8.	L
9.	Y
10.	S	static	electricity
32.2	1.	T
2.	A
3.	L
4.	N
5.	I
6.	R
7.	O
8.	V
9.	E
10.	G	violet,	green,	orange
32.3	1.	E
2.	C
3.	N
4.	S
5.	R
6.	W
7.	J
8.	A
9.	K
10.	D	Andrew	Jackson
Lesson	33
33.1	1.	L
2.	U
3.	K
4.	N
5.	S
6.	B
7.	T
8.	O
9.	A
10.	D	Badlands,	South	Dakota
33.2	1.	O
2.	D
3.	T
4.	Y
5.	E
6.	R
7.	H
8.	C
9.	B
10.	A	carbohydrates
33.3	1.	O
2.	S
3.	N
4.	A
5.	N
6.	M
7.	T
8.	U
9.	U
10.	O	mountainous
Lesson	34
34.1	1.	U
2.	I
3.	S
4.	C
5.	N
6.	O
7.	R
8.	G
9.	L
10.	A	oil,	natural	gas,	coal
34.2	1.	N
2.	T
3.	E
4.	D
5.	R
6.	A
7.	L
8.	O
9.	C
10.	H	handheld	calculator
34.3	1.	C
2.	R
3.	O
4.	U
5.	T
6.	P
7.	K
8.	N
9.	D
10.	Y	Porky’s	Duck	Hunt
Lesson	35
35.1	1.	A
2.	S
3.	I
4.	U
5.	E
6.	T
7.	R
8.	P
9.	J
10.	N	Neptune,	Uranus,	Jupiter
35.2	1.	A
2.	A
3.	C
4.	I
5.	N
6.	N
7.	Y
8.	N
9.	F
10.	Y	Nancy	Yi	Fan
35.3	1.	I
2.	N
3.	R
4.	W
5.	T
6.	E
7.	Y
8.	C
9.	Y
10.	K	New	York	City	(with	order	of	letters	reversed)
Lesson	36
36.1	1.	E
2.	H
3.	U
4.	I
5.	A
6.	N
7.	G
8.	B
9.	T
10.	P	about	eight	pints
36.2	1.	O
2.	R
3.	T
4.	A
5.	S
6.	N
7.	I
8.	O
9.	G
10.	M	agronomist
36.3	1.	W
2.	A
3.	O
4.	I
5.	F
6.	L
7.	D
8.	L
9.	W
10.	W	dwarf	willow
Lesson	37
37.1	1.	D
2.	A
3.	U
4.	P
5.	C
6.	N
7.	I
8.	M
9.	R
10.	E	Pierre	and	Marie	Curie
37.2	1.	E
2.	T
3.	Y
4.	R
5.	S
6.	V
7.	D
8.	T
9.	L
10.	O	Teddy	Roosevelt
37.3	1.	I
2.	U
3.	T
4.	S
5.	L
6.	S
7.	K
8.	R
9.	U
10.	D	rustlike	dust
Lesson	38
38.1	1.	L
2.	U
3.	I
4.	S
5.	T
6.	A
7.	E
8.	P
9.	N
10.	O	people	of	the	mountains
38.2	1.	S
2.	A
3.	R
4.	O
5.	H
6.	T
7.	E
8.	N
9.	B
10.	W	Noah	Webster
38.3	1.	E
2.	I
3.	R
4.	S
5.	C
6.	O
7.	E
8.	O
9.	K
10.	O	Oreo	cookies
Lesson	39
39.1	1.	E
2.	R
3.	U
4.	O
5.	T
6.	H
7.	D
8.	S
9.	M
10.	N	thunderstorms
39.2	1.	U
2.	S
3.	N
4.	E
5.	I
6.	A
7.	T
8.	O
9.	H
10.	C	the	Acousticon
39.3	1.	U
2.	Y
3.	S
4.	A
5.	T
6.	O
7.	V
8.	D
9.	N
10.	E	seventy	thousand
Lesson	40
40.1	1.	L
2.	S
3.	R
4.	E
5.	I
6.	N
7.	L
8.	P
9.	G
10.	T	little	spring
40.2	1.	A
2.	H
3.	P
4.	C
5.	G
6.	P
7.	R
8.	T
9.	I
10.	O	topographic
40.3	1.	E
2.	I
3.	U
4.	N
5.	R
6.	E
7.	A
8.	S
9.	T
10.	Q	equestrian
	Cover Page
	Practice Makes Perfect Exploring Vocabulary
	Copyright
	Contents
	About This Book
	Lesson 1: Synonyms, I
	1.1 Fearsome Sea Creature
	1.2 First and Last
	1.3 A Deadly Sting
	Lesson 2: Synonyms, II
	2.1 Smart Dogs
	2.2 The Name’s the Same
	2.3 First Named Dinosaur
	Lesson 3: Antonyms, I
	3.1 Left-Handed Animal
	3.2 A Tiny Animal
	3.3 Little Birds
	Lesson 4: Antonyms, II
	4.1 An Original Name
	4.2 Fleas
	4.3 A Colonial First
	Lesson 5: Homographs, I
	5.1 A Lethal Creature
	5.2 Hungry Elephants
	5.3 Sleepy Mammals
	Lesson 6: Homographs, II
	6.1 Digesting Food
	6.2 A Radio First
	6.3 New World Explorer
	Lesson 7: Homophones, I
	7.1 Your Skin
	7.2 An Early Writer of Horror
	7.3 Volcanoes
	Lesson 8: Homophones, II
	8.1 A High Point
	8.2 An Unusual Plant
	8.3 After the Presidency
	Lesson 9: Easily Confused Words, I
	9.1 Alaska’sState Flag
	9.2 Voyage to India
	9.3 Over the Atlantic
	Lesson 10: Easily Confused Words, II
	10.1 Signer of the Constitution and President
	10.2 Early Astronomer
	10.3 Two States
	Lesson 11: Easily Confused Words, III
	11.1 Trail Marker
	11.2 Doing Without Water
	11.3 Space Pioneer
	Lesson 12: Words with Latin Roots, I
	12.1 To the South Pole
	12.2 First to Secede
	12.3 Volleyball
	Lesson 13: Words with Latin Roots, II
	13.1 A Space Term
	13.2 Explorer and Captain
	13.3 A Milestone Amendment
	Lesson 14: Words with Greek Roots, I
	14.1 Our National Anthem
	14.2 The Five Senses
	14.3 Shadow on the Earth
	Lesson 15: Words with Greek Roots, II
	15.1 A Not Very Smart Dinosaur
	15.2 Cat Lovers
	15.3 Tiny Blood Vessels
	Lesson 16: Prefixes, I
	16.1 The Man Who Named the Dinosaurs
	16.2 The Powerful Heart
	16.3 A Bright Idea
	Lesson 17: Prefixes, II
	17.1 A Grand Biome
	17.2 A Bird Group Name
	17.3 A Famous Animator
	Lesson 18: Suffixes, I
	18.1 Peanuts
	18.2 Revolutionary Sea Captain
	18.3 A Fast Dinosaur
	Lesson 19: Suffixes, II
	19.1 Heading South
	19.2 A Young Author
	19.3 Colony Founder
	Lesson 20: Descriptive Words, I
	20.1 Vermont
	20.2 A First for the Colonies
	20.3 Measuring the Clouds
	Lesson 21: Descriptive Words, II
	21.1 Colony for Religious Freedom
	21.2 A Colonial Newspaper
	21.3 The Tallest Dinosaur
	Lesson 22: Descriptive Words, III
	22.1 An Animal Scientist
	22.2 A Famous Author
	22.3 A Deep Summertime Sleep
	Lesson 23: Descriptive Words, IV
	23.1 Planet Sizes
	23.2 States of Matter
	23.3 Falling Water
	Lesson 24: Compound Words, I
	24.1 Dinosaur Time
	24.2 The Nation’s Capital
	24.3 A President’s False Teeth
	Lesson 25: Compound Words, II
	25.1 The American Flag
	25.2 A State Name
	25.3 Reading of the Declaration of Independence
	Lesson 26: Words Based on Names
	26.1 Planets of Our Solar System
	26.2 First Balloon Flight in America
	26.3 A Renewable Form of Energy
	Lesson 27: Portmanteau Words
	27.1 Breathing
	27.2 Inventor of the Dishwasher
	27.3 A Prairie Author
	Lesson 28: Clipped Words
	28.1 Life in the Sea
	28.2 Named for a Queen
	28.3 Parts of the Earth
	Lesson 29: Words from Other Languages, I
	29.1 A Colonial Tune
	29.2 A Special Means of Communication
	29.3 Salesman for a Silly Toy
	Lesson 30: Words from Other Languages, II
	30.1 Making Driving Safer
	30.2 A Folk Hero
	30.3 Delaware’s Name
	Lesson 31: Contractions
	31.1 A New State
	31.2 Making a Good Thing Better
	31.3 Colonial Protest
	Lesson 32: Words for Readers and Writers
	32.1 A Bolt of Lightning
	32.2 Primary and Secondary Colors
	32.3 Memphis
	Lesson 33: Math Words
	33.1 Dinosaur Playground
	33.2 Food and Fuel
	33.3 Montana
	Lesson 34: Geography Words
	34.1 Fossil Fuels
	34.2 A Math Helper
	34.3 Daffy Duck
	Lesson 35: Social Studies Words
	35.1 Rings Around the Planets
	35.2 A Very Young Author
	35.3 First Inauguration
	Lesson 36: Science Words
	36.1 Your Blood
	36.2 A Crop Scientist
	36.3 A Tiny Tree
	Lesson 37: Health Words
	37.1 Husband and Wife Scientists
	37.2 Nobel Prize for a President
	37.3 The Red Planet
	Lesson 38: Time Words
	38.1 Utah
	38.2 The First American Dictionary
	38.3 A Tasty Treat
	Lesson 39: School Words, I
	39.1 Towering Clouds
	39.2 Inventor of a Hearing Aid
	39.3 A Long Trip
	Lesson 40: School Words, II
	40.1 Arizona
	40.2 A Special Map
	40.3 A Horseback Rider
	Word List
	Answer Key