American English File 3A

Prévia do material em texto

S E C O N D E D I T I O N
Student Book 
Workbook
Christina Latham-Koenig 
Clive Oxenden
OXFORD
American
ENGLISH FILE
Multi-Pack
American
ENGLISH FILE
Christina Latham-Koenig 
Clive Oxenden
Paul Seligson and Clive Oxenden are the original co-authors of 
English File 1 and English File 2
OXFORD
U N I V E R S I T Y P R E S S
Grammar Vocabulary Pronunciation
1
4 A Mood food simple present and continuous, action 
and nonaction verbs
food and cooking vowel sounds
8 B Family life future forms: present continuous, 
going to, will/ won't 
Jg) each other
family, adjectives of 
personality
sentence stress, word 
stress, adjective endings
12 ■ < PRACTICAL ENGLISH Episode 1 Meeting the parents
2
14 A Spend or save? present perfect and simple past money the letter o
18 B Changing lives present perfect + for/since, 
present perfect continuous
strong adjectives: exhausted, 
amazed, etc.
sentence stress, stress 
on strong adjectives
22 REVIEW & CHECK 1&2 On the street; Short movies Goodwill Industries
3
24 A Race across Miami comparatives and superlatives transportation /ʃ/, /dy, and It,f/, linking
28 B Stereotypes-or are they? articles: a/an, the, no article collocation: verbs / 
adjectives + prepositions
/o/, sentence stress, /ðə/ 
or /Nil?
32 PRACTICAL ENGLISH Episode 2 A difficult celebrity
4
34 A Failure and success can, could, be able to 
j/j) reflexive pronouns
-ed / -ing adjectives sentence stress
38 B Modern manners? modals of obligation: must, have to, 
should
^5) should have
phone language silent consonants, linking
42 REVIEW & CHECK 3&4 M i On the street; Short movies Citi bikes
5
44 A Sports superstitions past tenses: simple, continuous, 
perfect
sports hr/ and hr/
48 B Love at Exit 19 usually and used to relationships linking, the letters
52 ■ < PRACTICAL ENGLISH Episode 3 Old friends
104 Communication 132 Grammar Bank 165 Irregular verbs
113 Writing 152 Vocabulary Bank 166 Sound Bank
1 2 2 Listening
Contents
G simple present and continuous, action and nonaction verbs 
V food and cooking 
P vowel sounds
Do you drink 
a lo t o f coffee?
1A Mood food
Yes, but I'm 
trying to cut down 
right now.
1 V O C A B U L A R Y food and cooking 3 L IS T E N IN G & S P E A K IN G
a Take the quiz in pairs.
FOOD QUIZ
Can you th in k of...?
o n e red fru it, o n e yellow fru it, o n e green fru it 
t w o kinds o f food th a t some people are allergic to 
t h r e e kinds o f food th a t come from milk 
f o u r vegetables tha t you can put in a salad 
f i v e containers tha t you can buy food in 
s i x things th a t people sometimes have fo r breakfast
b > • p.152 Vocabulary Bank Food and cooking.
c 14))) Listen to these common adjectives to describe 
food. Do you know what they mean? Then say one kind 
o f food that we often use with each adjective.
canned fresh frozen low-fat raw spicy take-out
FOOD & EATING
1 Is there any food or drink that you 
couldn’t live without? How often do you 
eat/drink it?
2 Do you ever have
a ready-made food? 
b take-out food? What kind?
3 What’s your favorite
a fruit? 
b vegetable?
Are there any that you really don’t like?
*4 When you eat out do you usually order 
meat, fish, or vegetarian?
□ What food do you usually eat
a when you're feeling a little down? 
b before playing sports or exercising? 
c before you have an exam or some 
important work to do?
2 P R O N U N C IA T IO N vowel sounds
a Look at the eight sound pictures. What are the words and sounds?
1 1
squid chicken 5 
spicy grilled " r r
sausage roast 
chocolate box
2(p beef steamed 6 ®5"p\v 
beans breakfast \
pork fork 
boiled pour
grapes salmon 7 ( ) 
lamb cabbage ’Mqu
cook sugar 
pudding food
44 r margarine carton 8 l l j spoon zucchini fruit duck*@ "© jar warm ( C l j j
a 16))) Listen to five people talking. Each 
person is answering one o f the questions in 
Food & Eating above. Match each speaker 
with a question.
[T\ Speaker A [__] Speaker D
I I SpeakerB Q SpeakerE
L J Speaker C
b Listen again and make notes about their 
answers. Compare with a partner.
c Ask and answer the questions with a partner. 
What do you have in common?
b
c
d
Look at the words in each list. Cross out the word that doesn’t 
have the sound in the sound picture.
1 5))) Listen and check.
> - p.166 Sound Bank. Look at the typical 
spellings o f the sounds in a.
4 R E A D IN G
a Are the foods in the list carbohydrates 
or proteins? W ith a partner, think o f four 
more kinds o f food for each category.
cake chicken pasta salmon
With a partner, answer the questions below 
with either carbohydrates or proteins.
What kind o f food do you think it is better 
to eat...?
• for lunch if you have an important exam 
or meeting
• for breakfast
• for your evening meal
• if you are feeling stressed
Look at the title o f the article. What do you 
think it means? Read the article once to 
find out, and to check your answers to b.
Read the article again. Then with a partner, 
say in your own words why the 
following people are mentioned.
Give as much information as 
you can.
1 Dr. Paul Clayton
J
people on diets 
schoolchildren 
Paul and Terry 
Swiss researchers
Find adjectives in the article for the verbs 
and nouns in the list. W hat’s the difference 
between the two adjectives made from stress?
stress (noun) (x2) relax (verb) wake (verb) 
sleep (verb) power (noun) benefit (noun)
Ask and answer the questions with a 
partner.
1 What time of day do you usually eat protein 
and carbohydrates? How do they make 
you feel?
How often do you eat chocolate? Does it 
make you feel happier?
After reading the article, is there anything 
you would change about your eating habits?
We live in a stressful world, and daily life can sometimes 
m ake us feel tired, stressed, or depressed. Some people go 
to the doctor for help, others try alternative therapies, but 
the place to find a cure could be somewhere completely 
different: in the kitchen.
Dr. P au l Clayton, a food expert from Middlesex University, says “The brain is affected by what you eat and drink, just like every 
other part of your body. Certain types of food contain substances that 
affect how you think and feel."
For example, food that is high in carbohydrates can make us feel more 
relaxed. It also makes us feel happy. Research has shown that people on 
diets often begin to feel a little depressed after two weeks because they 
are eating fewer carbohydrates.
On the other hand, food that is rich in protein makes us feel awake and 
focused. Research has shown that schoolchildren who eat a high-protein 
breakfast often do better at school than children whose breakfast is 
lower in protein. Also, eating the right kind of meal at lunchtime 
can make a difference if you have an exam in the afternoon or a 
business meeting where you need to make some quick decisions. 
In an experiment for a TV show, two chess players, both former 
champions, had different meals before playing each other. Paul 
had a plate of prosciutto and salad (full of protein from the red 
meat), and his opponent Terry had pasta with a creamy sauce (full 
of carbohydrates). In the chess match Terry felt sleepy and took 
much longer than Paul to make decisions about what moves to make. 
The experiment was repeated several times with the same result.
Another powerful mood food could become a replacement 
for some medications doctors prescribe for stress. In a 
study, Swiss researchers discovered that eating one dark 
chocolate candy bar (about 1.4 ounces) had beneficial 
effects on highly stressed people. Not only did eating 
the dark chocolate help reduce stress, it was also shown to 
improve mood and reduce high blood pressure.
Why does chocolate make people less stressed? First, it 
causes the body to reduce the level of the stress hormone 
cortisol. Second, it reduces the “fight or flight” hormone—a hormone 
that makes people want to start a fight or run away when they are very 
stressed. In addition,it contains other compounds that lower blood 
pressure and improve your mood. These three things, along with its 
delicious taste, make chocolate a powerful mood changer.
Mood food - w hat the exp erts say
• Blueberries and cocoa can raise concentration levels for up 
to five hours.
• Food th at is high, in protein helps your brain to work more 
efficiently
• For relaxation and to sleep better, eat carbohydrates.
• Dark green vegetables (e.g., cabbage and spinach) and oily 
fish (e.g., salmon) eaten regularly cam. help to fight depression.
Online Practice 1A
5 L IS T E N IN G & S P E A K IN G
a Ask and answer the questions with a 
partner.
RESTAURANTS
1 How often do you eat out?
2 What's your favorite...?
a kind of food (Chinese, Italian, etc.) 
b restaurant dish
3 How important are these things to 
you in a restaurant? Number them 1-4 
(1 = the most important).
[ 1 the food 
] the service 
] the atmosphere 
] the price
4 Have you ever tried English food? 
What did you think of it?
b 17))) Read the text about Steve Anderson. 
Then listen to P a rt 1 o f an interview with 
him, and number the photos in the order he 
mentions them.
c Listen again. Why does he mention
each thing?
d 1 8))) Now listen to P a rt 2 and answer the
questions.
1 What does he say is the best and worst thing 
about running a restaurant?
2 What’s the main difference between British 
and Spanish customers?
3 What kinds of customers does he find 
difficult?
4 How does he think eating habits in Spain 
are changing?
e W hat about you? Answer the questions with
a partner.
1 What was your favorite food when you were 
a child?
2 Is there anything that you like / don’t like 
cooking?
3 In your country, when people eat out would 
they usually tell the chef what they really 
think about the food?
4 Do you know anyone who is a “difficult 
customer” in restaurants?
6 1A
STEVE ANDERSON has always had a passion for 
food. He was first taught to cook by his mother, who is 
half Burmese. After studying physics in college, he got a 
summer job helping with a cooking course in Italy, where he 
met several famous chefs. One of them, Alastair Little, later 
hired him as a trainee chef. Two years later, he moved to 
Valencia in Spain and opened a restaurant, SeuXerea, now 
one of the most popular restaurants in town.
6 G R A M M A R
simple present and continuous, action and nonaction verbs
a 19))) Listen again to some o f the things Steve said .(Circle) the form of the
verb he uses.
1 This week for example, I cook / I ’m cooking nearly every day. We usually close / 
are usually closing on Sundays and Mondays, but this Monday is a public 
holiday.
2 The British always say / are saying that everything is lovely.
3 Actually, I think I prefer / 1 am preferring that honesty, because it helps us to 
know what people like.
4 Unfortunately, 1 think they get / they're getting worse. People eat / are eating 
more unhealthily.
b With a partner, say why you think he has chosen each form.
c ^ p.132 Grammar Bank 1A. Learn more about the simple present and the
present continuous, and practice them.
d Make questions to ask your partner with the simple present or continuous. 
Ask for more information.
On a typical day
- What / usually have for breakfast?
- / drink soda? How many glasses / 
drink a day?
- Where / usually have lunch?
- What / usually have for lunch 
during the week?
- / ever cook? What / make?
- / prefer eating at home or 
eating out?
Right now / nowadays
- I need to buy any food today?
- / want anything to eat right now? 
What?
- I take vitamins or food 
supplements right now?
- / try to cut down on anything 
right now?
- I the diet in your country / get 
better or worse?
7 S P E A K IN G
WHAT DO YOU THINK?
1 Men are better cooks than women.
2 Both boys and girls should learn to cook at school.
3 Cheap restaurants usually serve bad food.
4 On a night out with friends, where and what you eat isn’t important.
5 Not all fast food is unhealthy.
6 Every country thinks that their cuisine is the best in the world.
a 1J13))) Listen to two people discussing sentence 1. W ho do you agree with 
more, the man or the woman? Why?
b 1 14))) Listen to the phrases in the Useful language box. Copy the intonation.
Useful language: Giving your opinion (1)
I agree. I’m not sure. For example,...
I don’t agree. (I think) it depends. In my opinion...
c In small groups, say what you think about sentences 2 -6 . Try to use the 
U seful language phrases.
Online Practice 1A 7
G future forms: present continuous, going to, will / won’t 
V fam ily adjectives o f personality 
P sentence stress, word stress, adjective endings
Are you seeing 
your grandparents 
this weekend?
IB Family life
No, I’m going to 
stay home. I'll 
probably see them 
next weekend.
1 V O C A B U L A R Y & S P E A K IN G
family
a Look at some photos showing family members.
W hat’s happening in each one? What do you think the 
relationship is between the people?
b With a partner, explain the difference between 
each pair.
1 a father and a parent
2 a mother and a stepmother
3 a brother and a brother-in-law
4 a grandfather and a great-grandfather
5 a nephew and a niece
6 a child and an only child
7 your immediate family and your extended family
c Read Changing—f o r the better and try to guess what 
the missing percentages are. Choose from the list.
11% 43% 60% 67% 75%
d ly 15))) Listen and check. Do any o f the statistics 
surprise you? Which ones do you think would be very 
different if the survey was taken in your country?
e Work in small groups. Say what you think and give 
reasons.
Do you th in k that...?
• families should have a meal together every day
• children should leave home as soon as they can 
afford to
• parents and their teenaged children should spend 
a lot of time together
• parents should be friends with their children on 
social networking sites, e.g., Twitter
• elderly parents should live with their children 
when they are too old to live alone
Useful language:
Giving your opinion (2)
We often use should + verb to say what we think is the 
right thing or a good thing (to do), e.g.,
I think families should have dinner together every day 
because...
I don’t think parents should be friends with their children 
on Twitter because...
Changing -
for the better?
Family life is changing in th e US, but not in th e way we m ight th in k . The resu lts of several different 
US surveys expected to find th a t family relationships 
w ere suffering because of th e decline in traditional 
family stru ctu res.
However, some of th e resu lts were very surprising...
of young 
adults under 
25 and
of adults 30-34 
still live at home 
with their parents.
of families eat together every day.
say they have the TV on during 
dinner.
think a new baby in 
the family brings more 
happiness.
of adults are happy 
and enjoy their lives 
without a lot of stress.
of adults are not happy 
and have a lot of stress 
or worry in their lives.
of teens feel close to 
their family.
of teens want to spend 
more time with their 
parents.
of parents stay 
connected with their 
children on social 
networks.
of parents worry about 
what their kids post on 
social networks.
of elderly women 
live with a relative 
such as a daughter, 
daughter-in-law, or 
grandchild.
2 G R A M M A R future forms
a 1> 16))) Listen to three dialogues between different family members. W ho is 
talking to who (e.g., brother to sister)? What are they talking about?
b Listen again and match two sentences with each dialogue (1-3).
A I I I'll make you a cup o f tea. D [ ] I’m staying overnight there.
B I__I You'll drive too fast. E [__ | I'll drive really slowlv.
c D I'm not going to go to college yet. F Q It's going to be cold tonight.
c With a partner, decide which sentence (A -F) is...
] a plan or intention [__][__] a prediction ’_] an offer
I I an arrangement Q apromi.se
d V p.133 Grammar Bank IB . Learn moreabout future forms, and 
practice them.
3 P R O N U N C IA T IO N sentence stress
P Sentence stress
An important aspect of speaking English is stressing the words in a sentence 
that carry the information, and not stressing the other ones. This will help you to 
communicate better and to speak with good rhythm.
a 121))) Listen to the rhythm in these three dialogues.
1 A Are you coming home for dinner tonight? 
b No. fm going out with my friends.
2 A What are you going to do in the summer?
b we re going to rent a house with my sister and her husband.
3 a do you think they'll have children soon?
b ı don’t think so. Not for a few years anyway.
b Practice them with a partner. Copy the rhythm.
c Ask and answer the questions below. Give as much information as possible. 
ARE YOU...?
• having dinner with your family tonight
• or is anyone in your family getting married soon
• doing something with a family member this week
• visiting a relative this weekend
ARE YOU GOING TO...?
• have a new nephew or niece soon
• have a big family get-together soon
• go on vacation with your family this year
• buy a present for a member of your family this month
DO YOU THINK...?
• the number of people getting divorced will go up or down in the future
• the birthrate will go up or down in your country
• anyone in your family will live to be 90 or more
• you will move away from (or back to) the area where your family lives
4 1 22>)) S O N G Our House
Online Practice ■ IB 9
5 R E A D IN G
a W hich do you think has more advantages, 
being an only child, or having brothers and 
sisters? Why?
b Work in pairs. A read The Younger Brother,
B read The Only Child.
c Tell your partner about 1 and 2 below. 
Whose childhood sounds happier?
1 other family members who are mentioned
2 how the writer’s experience as a child 
affects him / her now
d Look at the highlighted words in the two 
texts. Try to figure out their meaning 
from the context. Then match them with 
definitions 1-12.
1 ____________ adj ill
2 ____________ it’s no surprise that
3 ____________ noun competition between
two people
4 ____________ noun the time when you were
a child
5 ____________ norm a meeting of people,
e.g., family
6 ____________ norm people who are fully
grown
7 ____________ adj knowing about or being
conscious of something
8 ____________ noun a school where children
can live during the year
9 ____________ verb think that somebody or
something is important
10 ____________ verb divided something
between two or more people
11 _____________verb try to hurt somebody else
12 ____________ noun a group of friends
m each other
When brothers and sisters get older they 
value each other more.
Use each other to talk about an action 
between two people or groups of people, e.g., 
I don’t get along very well with my father. We 
don't understand each other.
e Talk to a partner. Do you have brothers and 
sisters, or are you an only child? Do you feel 
positive or negative about it?
10 IB
THE YOUNGER BROTHER 
NOVELIST TIM LOTT
Rivalry between brothers is normal, but 
there was a special reason for the tension 
between us. 1 was very ill when I was born, 
and spent three months in the hospital 
with my mother. My brother did not see 
her at all during that time because he 
went to stay with an aunt. When our 
mother returned home, it was with a sick 
newborn baby who took all the attention.
No wonder he haled me (although if you 
ask Jeff, he will say that he didn’t - we 
remember things differently).
My brother and I were completely 
different. We shared the same bedroom, 
but he was neat, and 1 was really messy.
He was responsible; I was rebellious. He 
was sensible; I was emotional. I don’t 
have any positive memories of our childhood together, 
though there must have been good moments. Je ff says we used to play 
“Cowboys and Indians,” but I only remember him trying to suffocate 
me under the bedcovers.
My relationship with Je ff has influenced my attitude toward my own 
four daughters. If the girls fight, I always think that the younger child 
is innocent. But the good news about brothers and sisters is that when 
they get older, they value each other more. Je ff is now one of my best 
friends, and I like and admire him greatly. For better or for worse, we 
share a whole history. It is the longest relationship in my life.
Adapted from T he T im es
THE ONLY CHILD 
JOURNALIST SARAH LEE
I went to boarding school when 1 was seven, and the hardest thing I 
found was making friends. Because I was an only child, I just didn’t 
know how to do it. The thing is that when you’re an only child, you 
spend a lot of your time with adults, and you're often the only child in 
a gathering of adults. Your parents go on living more or less 
the way they have always lived, only now you are there, too.
I found being an only child interesting because it gave me 
a view of the world of adults that children in a big family 
might not get. And I know it has, at least partly, made me 
the kind of person I am - 1 never like being one of a group, 
for example. I f I have to be in a group, I will always try to go 
off and do something on my own, or be with just one other 
person — I’m not comfortable with being one of a gang.
My parents are divorced now and my mother lives in the US 
and my father in the UK. I feel very responsible for them - I 
feel responsible for their happiness. I ’m the closest relative in 
the world to each of them, and I am very aware of tiiat.
Adapted from T he G uard ian
Younger brother only child?
6 V O C A B U L A R Y
adjectives of personality
a Without looking back at The Younger Brother 
text, can you remember who was neat, 
responsible, and sensible and who was messy, 
rebellious, and em otional? Do you know what 
the adjectives mean? Would you use any of 
them to describe yourself?
b > - p.153 Vocabulary Bank Personality
c Write down the first three adjectives of 
personality that come into your head. Don't 
show them to your partner. Now go to 
> - Communication Personality p.108.
7 P R O N U N C IA T IO N
word stress, adjective endings
a 1 26))) Underline the stressed syllable in 
these mulitsyllable adjectives. Listen and 
check.
1 jea lous an xious am bi tious 
ge ne rous re bell ious
2 so cia ble re li a ble
3 re spon si ble sen si ble
4 com pe ti five tal ka five 
a ggre ssive sen si tive
5 un friend ly in se cure 
im pa tient i mma ture
b Listen again and answer the questions.
1 Is -ous pronounced /aus/ or /as/?
2 Is -ab le pronounced bb\l or /eibl/?
3 Is -ib le pronounced /obi/ or /ibl/?
4 Is -ive pronounced /ov/ or /iv/?
5 Are -ous / -ab le / -ib le / -ive stressed?
6 Are un- / in- / im - stressed?
8 L IS T E N IN G & S P E A K IN G
a
b
W hat’s your position in the family?
Are you the oldest child, a middle child, the 
youngest child, or an only child?
1 27))) Look at the cover o f Linda Blair’s 
book. Now listen to a journalist talking 
about it on a radio program. Complete the 
chart by writing four more adjectives of 
personality in each column.
Oldest children Middle children Youngest children Only children I
sensible relaxed outgoing self-confident
c Compare with a partner. Then listen to the four sections one by 
one. Check your answers. What reasons or examples does the 
journalist give?
d Look at the completed chart above. In pairs, say...
...if you th ink it is true fo r you - and if not, why not?
...if you th ink it is true fo r other people you know 
(your brothers and sisters, friends, etc.)
9 W R IT IN G
> - p.113 Writing A description o f a person . Write a description of 
a friend you know well.
Online Practice IB 11
Practical Engli Meeting the parents
■ < IN T R O D U C T IO N
a Look at the photos. Describe Jenny and Rob.
b 1 28)}) Watch or listen to Jenny and Rob talking. Fill 
in the blanks.
Jenny Zielinski and Rob Walker work for a 1 
called New York24seven. She’s American, and he's
2__________ . Rob came to New York a few 3__________ago. He had met Jenny when she went to 4__________ on
a work trip. They got along very well, and he was offered a
job for a month in 5__________ . Later he was offered a
6__________ job. Jenny helped R o b 7___________an
apartment, and they are enjoying life in the US, although 
Rob misses his friends and 8__________ .
O American and British English
apartment = American English 
fla t = British English
■ < R EA C TIN G TO W H A T PEOPLE SAY
a 1 29))) Watch or listen to Jenny introducing Rob to 
her parents. What bad news does Rob have for Jenny? 
What good news does Jenny have for her parents?
o American and British English
mom = American English 
mum = British English
b Watch or listen again and mark the sentences T (true) 
or F (false). Correct the F sentences.
1 Rob left the chocolates at the office.
2 Rob’s desk is usually very neat.
3 It's the second time that Rob has met Jenny's parents.
4 Sally has prepared a big dinner.
5 jenny’s new job is managing director.
6 jenny is going to be Rob's manager.
12
c 1 30))) Look at some extracts from the 
conversation. Can you remember any o f the 
missing words? Watch or listen and check.
1 Jenny Don’t forget the chocolates.
Rob OK. Oh,________ !
Jenny I don’t ________ it. Don't tell me you
forgot them?
Rob I think they’re still on my desk.
Jenny ________ kidding.
2 Jenny Mom, I’m really sorry - we bought
you some chocolates, but we left 
them at the office.
Sally What a _________._________mind.
3 Jenny But I also have some good news.
Sally ________ ? What’s that?
4 Sally So you’ve got a promotion?_______
fantastic!
Harry That’s great________ !
5 Sally Let’s go and have dinner.
Jenny What a ________ idea!
d 1 31))) Watch or listen and repeat the
phrases in the chart below. Copy the rhythm 
and intonation.
REACTING TO WHAT PEOPLE SAY
What you say when you hear...
something surprising You’re kidding.
1 don’t believe it.
something interesting Really?
some good news How fantastic! 
That’s great news! 
What a great idea!
some bad news Oh, no! 
What a pity. 
Never mind.
O How + adjective, What + noun
We often use How + adjective or What + noun to 
respond to what people say.
How interesting! How awful! How amazing!
What a pity! What a good idea! What terrible news!
3 ■ < H A R R Y F IN D S O U T M O R E A B O U T ROB
a 1 32))) Watch or listen to the after-dinner conversation. Does 
the evening end well or badly?
b Watch or listen again and answer the questions.
1 What school did Jenny go to?
2 Is Harry impressed by Rob’s job? Why (not)?
3 What does Harry like doing in his free time?
4 Who are most of the photos in the dining room of?
5 Who are Miles Davis, John Coltrane, and Wynton Marsalis?
6 What surprises Harry about Rob?
c Look at the Social English phrases. Can you remember any of 
the missing words?
Social English phrases
Harry How do you______ your career?
Rob N ot______ . I’m more of a writer.
Rob Oh, you know, interviews, reviews,_______like that...
Rob I_______, I like photography.
Harry That’s ______ most of them are of Jenny.
Harry How_______!
Rob Well, he's a really nice_______.
Harry Go_______, son!
e Practice the dialogues in c with a partner.
f mm V Communication How awful! How 
fantastic! A p.104 B p.109.
d 1 33))) Watch or listen and complete the phrases.
e Watch or listen again and repeat the phrases. How do you say 
them in your language?
^ Can you...?
react to good news, bad news, unexpected 
news, and interesting news
introduce yourself and other people
use phrases that give you time to think, 
e.g., you know, I mean, etc.
Online Practice 13
G present perfect and simple past 
V money 
P the le tte r o
2A Spend or save?
Have you
paid the phone 
bill yet?
1 V O C A B U L A R Y money
a 1 34))) Listen to a song about money. Fill in 
the blanks with phrases A -G .
A a material world 
B comes with a fee
C foot the bill 
D for free 
E paper or plastic 
F shopping sprees 
G with money
b Listen again and read the lyrics. 
Which phrase (A -G ) means...?
1 rich
2 cash or credit cards
3 you have to pay for it
4 pay the bill
5 that you don’t have to pay for
6 buying a lot of things at one time
7 a consumer society
c W hat do you think the song is saying? 
Do you think it is ...?
• very cynical
• sad, but sometimes true
• offensive to women (and men)
d > • p.154 Vocabulary Bank Money.
G irls don’t like boys, girls like cars and money 
Boys w ill laugh at girls when they’re no t funny
D on’t m atter 
She’ll have it 
Vacations
And 4____
These are a few 
O f her favorite things 
She’ll get w hat she wants 
If she’s w illing to please 
His type o f girl
Always 5____
Hey, now, the re ’s nothing
Girls don’t like boys, girls like cars and money 
Boys w ill laugh at girls when they’re no t funny 
And these girls like these boys like these boys like these girls 
The girls w ith the bodies like boys w ith Ferraris 
G irls don’t like boys, girls like cars and money
Educated, 1____
He’s well-dressed 
N o t funny
And not much to say in 
Most conversations
But he’ll 2____ in
A ll situations
’Cause he pays fo r everything
A ll o f these boys, yeah get all o f these girls 
Losing th e ir souls in 7____
14
Yes, I paid it 
yesterday
2 P R O N U N C IA T IO N the letter o
a Can you remember which word rhymes with money in 
the song Girls & Boys?
b Look at some more words with the letter o. Put them in 
the correct column.
clothes dollar done honest loan money go 
nothing owe shopping some sold won
d Look at some words with the letters or. How is or 
usually pronounced when it’s stressed? Which two are 
different?
afford order worth organized mortgage store work
e 1 39))) Listen and check.
f Practice saying these sentences.
Let's go shopping for clothes.
Can I borrow some money?
He won a million dollars.
They can’t afford to pay the mortgage.
I work in a store.
I've done nothing wrong.
3 R E A D IN G & S P E A K IN G
a Read the questionnaire and choose your answers, 
b Compare your answers with a partner. Say why.
c > - Communication Spender or saver? p.108. Find out if 
you are a spender or a saver.
4 L IS T E N IN G
a 1 40))) Listen to six people answering the question Are 
you a spender or a saver? How many are savers?
b Listen again and match speakers 1 -6 with A-F. W ho.. .? 
A Q always has money in the bank 
B [_I often ends up with no money
C □ thinks he/she is careful with money, but not cheap
D [_] enjoys spending money on his / her hobby
E can save money if he / she needs to 
F L J prefers to live now than worry about the future
ARE YOU A SPENDER 
OR A SAVER?
1 You go shopping and you see som ething very 
expensive th a t you really w ant, but can’t afford. 
You...
a buy i t w ith your c red it card. You can w o rry about the 
bill next month.
b already have some money in the bank and plan to 
save fo r a couple o f weeks and then buy the thing 
you want.
c b o rro w the money and agree to pay back a small 
am ount every week.
2 You get $100 fo r your birthday. You...
a spend some o f i t and save some, 
b go straight to a shopping mall and spend it all. 
c put all o f i t in your bank account until you know what 
you want to spend it on.
3 Do you always know how much m oney you have, 
how much m oney you have spent, and on what?
a Yes. I'm very organized and know exactly what I have 
and what I've spent.
b No. I have no idea. W hen I have money, I usually just 
spend it.
c I usually have a rough idea about w hat I spend my 
money on.
4 You borrow ed some m oney from a friend, but 
you don’t th ink th a t you’ll be able to pay it back 
by the tim e you prom ised to. You...
a don 't w o rry about it. Hopefully your friend w ill forget 
about it, too !
b figure o u t how much money you have and how much 
you owe. You speak to you r friend and explain the 
situation and o ffe r to pay the money back in small 
installments.
c ta lk to your friend and promise tha t you'll pay him /her back, but i t m ight take a litt le longer than you 
f irs t thought.
5 You have a friend who often borrows m oney 
fro m you and never pays you back. H e / She 
wants to borrow $50. You...
a lend him / her the money. You can afford it, and it 
doesn't m a tte r if you don 't get it back, 
b say no; he / she owes you to o much already, 
c lend the money, but explain tha t i t is the last time, 
until he / she has paid back this loan.
Online Practice 2A 15
c 1 38))) Listen and check.
5 G R A M M A R present perfect and simple past
a Read the conversation. W hat are they arguing about?
b 1 4 1 ))) Read the conversation again, and put the verbs in the 
present perfect or the simple past. Then listen and check.
c Do we use the present perfect (PP) or simple past (S P)...?
1 for a completed action in the past ______
2 for recent actions when we don't ask / say exactly when ___
d > - p.134 Grammar Bank 2A. Learn more about the present 
perfect and simple past, and practice them.
e In pairs, interview each other with the 
questions. Ask for more information.
HAVE YOU EVER..
• bought or sold something on 
eBay or a similar site
• lost a credit card or 
your wallet
• saved for something for a 
long time
• wasted money on something 
you've never used
• won any money 
(e.g., in a lottery)
• lent money to someone 
who didn't pay 
you back
• bought something online and then 
discovered tha t it was a scam
• been charged too much in a restaurant
How
much?
/ What 
happened?
16 2A
When?
What?
Have you ever bought or 
sold something on eBay?
Yes, I sold my 
old computer.
Who did you sell it to? How 
much did you sell it for?
David 11haven’t seen (see) those shoes before. Are they new?
Kate Yes. 12__________________ (just buy) them. Do you like them?
D They're OK. How much3____________they____________ (cost)?
K Oh, not much. They4______________ (be) a bargain. Under $100.
D You mean $99.99. That isn’t cheap for a pair o f shoes.
Anyway, we can’t afford to buy new clothes right now.
K Why not?
D 5____________________ you____________________ (see) this?
K No. What is it?
D The phone bill. I t 6_____________________ (come) this morning.
And w e7____________________ (not pay) the electricity bill yet.
K Well, what about the iPad you8______________ (buy) last week?
D What about it?
K You9_____________________ (not need) a new one. The old one
10__________________________________ (work) just fine.
D But 111______________________________(need) the new model.
K Well, 112___________________________ (need) some new shoes.
6 R E A D IN G & S P E A K IN G
a In pairs, answer the questions. Give as much 
information as you can.
1 Think of two people you know personally or 
have heard of who are very rich. Did they...? 
a earn their money (how?)
b inherit their money (who from?) 
c win it (how?)
2 I f they earned their money, was it because...? 
a they were very lucky
b they worked very hard 
c they had a special talent
b Now read an interview with a billionaire. How did 
he become so rich? Why is his success surprising? 
What does he do to help homeless people?
c Now read the interview again and number the 
events in the order in which they happened.
A L?| He was homeless again.
B [_I He delivered newspapers.
C Ld At1 investor didn’t give him the money he 
had promised him.
D [_] He sold encyclopedias from door-to-door.
E Q He left his wife.
F [_] He was homeless.
G \T\ He sold Christmas cards from door-to-door. 
H Q He started a hair product company with $700. 
1 Ld He was able to pay his bills on time.
d What do you think you can learn from John’s story?
e Look at the highlighted words and phrases 
related to money and business. With a partner, 
try to figure out the meanings from context.
f Complete the questions with one o f the
highlighted words and phrases. Then ask and 
answer the questions with a partner.
1 What brand of hair product do you use? How 
long have you used it?
2 Do you know anybody who sells encyclopedias or
other products_______ ? What does he / she sell?
Does he / she enjoy his/ her job?
3 If you needed a_______ to lend you money to
start a business, who would you ask? Why?
4 Have you ever experienced______from a boss,
a teacher, etc.? How did you feel?
5 Do you know anybody who has tried to 
succeed in a difficult career (like acting), but
who hasn’t ______yet? Is he / she still trying,
or has he / she given up?
FROM THE STREETS 
TO SUCCESS!
John DeJoria, an American billionaire businessman, owns several 
companies, including John Paul Mitchell Systems, a successful 
brand of hair products. However, DeJoria was not always wealthy. 
He was the second son of immigrant parents and grew up in a 
very poor area of Los Angeles, California. Before forming his hair 
product company with only $700, he was a street gang member 
for some of his youth, he then worked at low-paying jobs including 
encyclopedia salesman, janitor, and insurance salesman, and he 
was homeless twice. DeJoria's selfmade rise is an inspiring story.
As a child, you were fairly entrepreneurial, weren’t you?
My first job, at 9 years old, was selling Christmas cards door-to- 
door. At 10 years old, my brother and I had paper routes. We got 
up at 4 o’clock a.m., folded the papers, and delivered them, and 
then got ready for school.
As you got older, you continued to work. Is that right?
The job that was one of the most influential experiences you can 
imagine was door-to-door selling encyclopedias. Doors literally 
slam in your face— maybe 30, 40 doors before the first customer 
will actually talk to you and let you in.
You’ve been homeless, haven’t you?
Twice. Once, when I was about 22 years old. The other time was 
when I started John Paul Mitchell Systems in 1980. I wasn't 
getting along with my wife at the time. So I had left and had 
given her all the money. We had a backer for John Paul Mitchell 
Systems putting in a half-million dollars. That money was 
supposed to arrive that day. I never got a penny. So I just slept 
in my car. And I slept in my car for the first two weeks when I 
started the company. So we started with humble beginnings.
Do memories of the streets motivate you?
It sure makes you very appreciative of what you have in your 
life. Those who are homeless— like people with kids who are 
homeless— I really have a heart for. So I participate in a lot of 
charitable organizations that take the homeless off the streets.
What are the biggest problems you’ve faced in business?
The biggest problem is rejection. Any business you start, be 
ready for it. The difference between successful people and 
unsuccessful people is that the successful people do all the 
things the unsuccessful people don’t want to do. When 10 doors 
are slammed in your face, go to door number 1 1 , with a smile.
When did you know you had made it?
I was in business two years, and we were able to pay every
single bill on time. We had a couple of thousand dollars 
in the bank— $4,000, to be exact. And we said, “ Man 
we made it; it ’s all downhill now.” It was really hard.
It took a couple years.
What was the first thing you bought yourself at 
that point?
I went to a restaurant. This is the first 
time I said I’m going to order off the left 
side of the menu, not the right side. The 
right side is where the prices are. Carne 
asada, guacamole, whatever I wanted.
I didn't even look at the prices. That, 
to me, was a pretty big deal.
Online Practice 2A 17
A
d
ap
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d
 fr
om
 E
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pr
en
eu
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co
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G present perfect + fo r / since, present perfect continuous 
V strong adjectives: exhausted, amazed, etc.
P sentence stress, stress on strong adjectives
How long 
have you been 
working here?
2B Changing lives
Fora
longtime! 
Since 2001.
1 L IS T E N IN G
a Look at the photos. Where do you think 
they were taken? What can you see in 
each photo?
b 1 4 5 ))) You are going to listen to an
interview with Jane, talking about a trip she 
took in 2008. Listento P a rt 1. Where did she 
go? What did she decide to do after the trip?
c Listen again. W hat does Jane say about:
1 her normal job
2 the vacation to Uganda
3 what happened when the lorry broke down
4 the condition of the school
5 the children
6 what the headmaster asked her for
18
Glossary
holiday BritE for vacation 
lorry BritE for truck 
headmaster BritE for principal
d 1 46))) Now listen to P a rt 2 . Correct the wrong information
in these sentences.
1 Jane’s son chose the name Adelante Africa, which means 
“Go forward, Africa” in Spanish.
2 The new school opened in 2012.
3 Today the school has 75 children.
4 Adelante Africa has also been trying to improve the 
children's English.
5 They are building a home for the teachers.
6 Two of Jane's children have been helping in Uganda.
7 (ane says the school has changed children’s lives because it has 
given them an education.
8 Jane thinks that she gives more than she gets.
9 The website has a video jane's daughter took of her teaching 
the children.
e Compare your answers with a partner. Then listen again to check.
f Do you know anybody like jane who does a lot o f work for a
charity? What do they do?
2 G R A M M A R present perfect + for/since, 
present perfect continuous
a Match the questions and answers.
1 How long has Jane been a writer?____
2 How long has Adelaide Africa had a website?____
3 How long has she been working for Adelaide Africa?
A Since 2008.
B For about 22 years. 
C For four years.
b Answer with a partner.
1 Are the three questions and answers in a about... ? 
a a period of time in the past
b a period o f time from the past until now' 
c a period o f time in the present
2 What’s the difference in form between the first two 
questions and question 3?
c > - p.135 Grammar Bank 2B. Learn more about the 
present perfect with f o r / since and the present perfect 
continuous, and practice them.
3 P R O N U N C IA T IO N sentence stress
a 1 49 >)) Listen once and try to write down the stressed 
words in the large pink rectangles.
?
? b Compare circles with a partner. 
Ask your partner at least three 
questions about the things he or 
she has written. One question must 
be How long have y o u ...?
4 S P E A K IN G
a Look at the circles, and 
write something in as 
many as you can.
b Look at the stressed words and try to remember what 
the unstressed words are. Then listen again to check 
and write them in.
c Listen again and repeat the sentences. Copy the 
rhythm.
d 1 50))) Listen and make questions.
It's snowing.
How long have you 
been using Twitter?
Do you write things on it or do you 
just read other people's tweets?
For about a year.
Why did you buy 
a Nissan Juke?
Because it's small, 
and it ’s very “green/'
How long have you had it?
Online Practice 2B 19
How long learning
French ?
2
3
4
5
6
How long has it been snowing?
5 R E A D IN G & L IS T E N IN G
a In your country are there charity events to raise money 
for a good cause? Have you ever taken part in one? 
W hat did you do? How much money did you raise?
b You’re going to read an article about Helen Skelton, 
who agreed to kayak down the Amazon for charity. 
Read the introduction and answer the questions.
1 What did Helen do last year for charity?
2 What is she hoping to do this year?
3 What is dangerous about the trip?
4 What experience does she have?
c Before you read the texts of Helen’s first three phone 
calls, imagine what kinds o f problems you think she 
had on her trip. Then read and check. Were you right?
d 151))) Read Phone calls 1 -3 again and fill in the 
blanks with the correct word. Then listen and check.
1 a in front b behind c back
2 a freezing b hot c boiling
3 a exhausted b angry c lost
4 a down b up c over
5 a long b wide c short
6 a ice cream b coffee c chocolate
7 a sleep b paddle c rest
8 a boring b interesting c worrying
9 a being b feel c feeling
10 a sick b well c hard
e 1 52))) Now listen to the rest o f Helen's trip down the 
Amazon. Did she manage to finish?
f Listen again. Then answer the questions.
Phone call 4
1 Why hasn't she had any music for three days?
2 What does she do to pass the time?
3 Why didn't she celebrate reaching the halfway point? 
Phone call 5
4 What have been driving her crazy this week?
5 What wildlife has she seen?
6 Why is she starting to feel a little sad?
The 6 :0 0 news
7 How many miles did she do altogether?
8 How long did the trip take?
9 What did Helen miss?
10 What is the first thing she is going to do when she 
gets home?
g Tell your partner about an adventure sport you've done 
or an exciting experience you’ve had. Was it a positive 
experience? Why (not)? How did you feel?
T V host’s Amazon
H elen Skelton hopes to b ecom e the first 
w o m an to kayak dow n the A m azon River.
Helen Skelton is a 26-year-old TV host of Blue Peter, a 
show for young people. She has never been afraid of a 
challenge. Last year, she became the second woman to 
complete the 78-mile Ultra Marathon in Namibia, running 
the three consecutive marathons in 23 hours and 50 
minutes. But when Blue Peter decided to do something to 
raise money for the charity Sports Relief (which sponsors 
projects around the world), Skelton said that she wanted 
an even bigger challenge. So they suggested that she 
kayak 1,998 miles down the Amazon from Nauta in Peru to 
Almeirim in Brazil.
This is a very risky trip. There are no roads and no towns, 
only rainforest and the river (which is sometimes more than 
24 miles wide and infested with crocodiles). If she gets 
sick, it will take around 11 hours to fly her to a hospital.
20 2B
A
d
ap
te
d
 f
ro
m
 T
he
 T
el
eg
ra
ph
 w
eb
si
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ECUADOR
COLOMBIA
Nauta
P E R U
Phone call 1
£ £ Everything went wrong. I only managed half 
a day on Wednesday, the first day, and on
Thursday we started late, so I'm already 1____ ;.
I've been suffering from the heat. It's absolutely
2____ , and the humidity is 100% at lunchtime.
I went the wrong way, and I had to paddle against
the current. I was 3____ ! They asked me, ‘Do you
want to give 4____ ?' but I said, ‘No!' Because I've
also been having a wonderful time! There are pink 
dolphins - pink, not gray - that come close to the 
boat. I think that if I can do 62 miles a day, trten 
I can make it.
challenge
Helen has only been kayaking once before in 
her life, so she has been training four hours a 
day. Last week, she arrived at the Amazon in 
Peru. After two days of kayaking, she made the 
first of her phone calls.
P h o n e c a l l 2
66 I’ve been on the Amazon tor a week now, 
and I've been paddling for six out of the
seven days. The river is incredibly5____ ,
and it's very hard to paddle in a straight line. 
The water is so brown that I can't see my 
paddle once it goes under the surface. It
looks like melted 6____ . I start at 5:30 in the
morning, and 1 7____ for at least 10 hours,
from 5:30 a.m. until dark, with only a short 
break for lunch. My hands have been giving 
me problems - I have big blisters. I now 
have them bandaged in white tape.
I'm usually on the water for at least 10 hours;
it's8___ at times, and exciting at others. I listen
to music on my iPod. I've been listening to Don’t 
Stop Me Now by Queen to inspire me!
6 V O C A B U L A R Y & P R O N U N C IA T IO N
strong adjectives
p Strong adjectives
Some adjectives have a strong meaning, e.g.,
I had to paddle against the current. I was exhausted! (= very tired)
Ive had a fantastic time! (= very good)
With strong adjectives you can use absolutely or really, but NOT very. 
I’ve been suffering from the heat. It's absolutely boiling. NOT very-boiling.
a Complete the sentences with a regular adjective.
1 A Was Lisa's father angry about the car?
B Yes, he was furious!
2 A Is Oliver’s apartment______ ?
B Yes, it's really tiny - just a bedroom and a living room.
3 A Are you______ of flying?
B Yes, I'm terrified! I never fly anywhere.
4 A Was the food______ ?
B Yes, it was delicious.
5 AAre you very______ ?
B I’m starving! I haven’t eaten all day.
6 A Is your parents' house______ ?
B It’s enormous. It has seven bedrooms.
7 A Was i t______ in Moscow?
B It was freezing! Minus 20 degrees.
8 A Was Jack's kitchen______ ?
B It was filthy. It took us three hours to clean it.
9 A Are your parents______ about the wedding?
B They’re excited. In fact, they want to pay for everything!
10 A Was the movie______ ?
B It was hilarious. We laughed all the way through.
11 A Are you______ you locked the door?
B I'm positive. I remember turning the key.
12 A Were you______ to hear that Ted is getting married?
B I was absolutely amazed! I never thought it would happen.
b 1 53))) Listen and check. How are the strong adjectives 
pronounced? Practice the dialogues in pairs.
c > - Communication Are you hungry? A p.104 B p.109.
d Ask and answer with a partner. Ask for more information.
1 Have you ever been swimming in a place where the water was 
absolutely freezing?
2 Is there anything that makes you furious about car drivers or bike 
riders in your country?
3 Are there any animals or insects that you're terrified of?
4 What’s the most delicious meal you’ve had recently?
5 Is there a comedian or a comedy series on TV in your country that 
you think is absolutely hilarious?
7 W R IT IN G
> - p.114 Writing An informal email. Write an informal email to 
thank somebody you have been staying with and to tell him or her 
what you have been doing recently.
Online Practice 2B 21
GUYANA
Almeirim
B R A Z I L
P h o n e c a l l 3
I haven't been 9____ very well this week.
The problem is heat exhaustion. They 
say it’s because I haven't been drinking 
enough water. I've been traveling 62 miles a 
day, which is my target. But yesterday after
52 miles, I was feeling 10____ , and my head
was aching, and I had to stop and rest.
wide
1&2 Review and Check
G R A M M A R
(Chxle)a, b, or c.
1 My sister______ fish or seafood.
a doesn't like b don't like c doesn't likes
2 I have a quick breakfast because______ in a hurry.
a I usually b I usually am c I’m usually
3 I ______ TV when I’m having a meal.
a never watch b don’t never watch 
c am never watching
4 I usually drink a lot of diet soda, hut right now 
 to cut down.
a I try b I'm trying c I’m triing
5 ______ any brothers or sisters?
a Are you having b Are you have c Do you have
6 W hat______ when you graduate from school?
a you are going to do b are you going do
c are you going to do
7 I can’t see you this evening because______ some
friends.
a I'm meeting b I meet c I’ll meet
8 A Would you like something to drink?
B Yes,______ some orange juice, please.
a I have b I'm having c I’ll have
9 A I can’t open this jar.
B ______ help you.
a I'll b I’m c I'd
10 That's a pretty dress. Where______ it?
a have you bought b did you buy
c did you bought
11 ______ good at saving money.
a I've never been b I haven't never been 
c I’ve never
12 I got $50 for my birthday, but I ______ .
a didn’t spend it vet b haven’t spent it yet 
c yet I haven't spent it
13 I've had this computer______ .
a for about three years b since about three years 
c for about three years ago
14 A How long______ in Paris?
B Since last March.
a is he living b has he living c has he been living
15 ______ the same gym for five years.
a I'm going to b I've been going to c I go to
V O C A B U L A R Y
a (.Circle)the word that is different.
1 shrimp mussels duck squid
2 lamb crab beef pork
3 cherry pear peach beet
4 raspberry cucumber pepper cabbagi
5 fried baked chicken roast
b Write the opposite adjective.
1 honest ______ 4 hardworking ______
2 cheap ______ 5 quiet ______
3 selfish ______
c Write verbs for the definitions.
1 to spend money on something that is not necessary______
2 to receive money from somebody who has died ______
3 to get money by working
4 to get money from somebody that you will pay back______
5 to keep money so that you can use it later ______
d Write the strong adjectives.
1 tired ______ 3 cold ______ 5 angry______
2 hungry ______ 4 d irty ______
e Complete the phrasal verbs.
1 Let’s eat______ tonight. I don't feel like cooking.
2 I’m allergic to milk, so I have to cu t______ dairy
products from my diet.
3 We live______ my salary. My wife is unemployed.
4 I'll lend you the money if you promise to pay me_____ .
5 I took $ 2 0 0 ______ of my bank account.
P R O N U N C IA T IO N
(Circle)the word with a different sound.
1 ( j ) peach steak beef steamed
21 money shop positive honest
3 ® roast sociable owe account
4 i filthy bill tiny chicken
5 afford pork worth organized
b Underline the stressed syllable.
1 sal mon 3 i mma ture 5 sen si ble
2 in vest 4 de li cious
22
x
x
x
x
x
X
I'm meeting
X
X
x
x
x
X
x
X
X
A
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b
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C A N Y O U U N D E R S T A N D T H IS T E X T ?
a Read the article once. When did Bill Morgan's 
luck change?
When bad luck becomes 
good luck!
You’ve had a lo t o f bad luck in the past—a bad accident 
and some frightening health problems. Does that keep 
you from doing things in the future that involve luck, like 
buying a lottery ticket?
Anyone who has bought a ticket for the $500-million US Powerball jackpot can only dream of having as much luck as Australian truck driver Bill Morgan. In 
case you've never heard of Bill Morgan, his story actually 
begins with some very bad luck. First, he was almost crushed 
to death by a truck accident at work. The accident did not 
kill him, but it did leave Bill with a heart condition. When 
he was given medication for the heart condition, Bill had an 
allergic reaction that caused a powerful heart attack, which 
left him clinically dead for 14 minutes. After being revived by 
doctors, Morgan slipped into a coma for 12 days. During this 
time, his family was advised to unplug his life support system 
not once, but twice. Bill's luck began to change when he 
unexpectedly woke up from the coma without any permanent 
damage. Bill's bad luck was ending and his heartwarming 
story was just beginning.
After getting better, the 37-year-old Morgan found a new, 
higher-paying job, and asked his long-time girlfriend, Lisa 
Wells, to marry him. Lisa said yes. A week later, Morgan 
bought a scratch-off lottery ticket at his local newsstand.
Bill scratched the ticket off and realized he had just won 
a brand new car! A local TV news station was so amazed 
by Bill's story that they sent a crew to do a human interest 
story on Bill and his lucky streak. The news crew thought it 
would be fun to re-create Bill's buying and scratching off the 
ticket right on camera. No one could have predicted what 
happened next. The ticket Bill bought for the re-enactment 
ended up being a $250,000 winner! And the best part is, it all 
happened on live TV (almost causing another heart attack).
b Read the article again. Mark the sentences T (true),
F (false), or D S (doesn't say).
1 Bill had a dream about winning the lottery.
2 Bill's heart condition was caused by the accident.
3 Bill was in a coma for 14 days.
4 Bill's new job was in an office.
5 The news crew bought Bill’s lottery ticket for the 
re-enactment.
6 Winning $250,000 did not cause Bill to have another 
heart attack.
c Choose five new words or phrases from the article. 
Check their meaning and pronunciation, and try to 
learn them.
VIDEO
C A N Y O U U N D E R S T A N D T H E S E 
PEOPLE?
1 54))) O n the street Watch or listen to five people and 
answer the questions.
Max Andrew Samantha Zenobia Skylar
1 Max says he______ .
a often made brownies for his sister in the past 
b doesn’t mind sharing his brownies with friends who 
are also feeling down 
c hasn't eaten brownies in a long time
2 Andrew likes Asian restaurants because______ .
a he doesn't like cooking
b it's cheaper than eating at home 
c he can't cook that type of food at home
3 Samantha and her brother______ .
a talk to each other a lot b don't like each other at all 
c don't like eachother as much after spending a lot of 
time together
4 Zenobia buys a bag______ .
a if it’s cheaper than usual b every three months 
c if she needs a new one
5 Skylar took part in a charity event______ .
a when she was 15 b for people who are sick with cancer 
c that raised money for captains
C A N Y O U S A Y T H IS IN EN G LIS H ?
Do the tasks with a partner. Check ( / ) the box if you can 
do them.
Can you...?
1 describe your diet and the typical diet in your 
country, and say how it is changing
2 □ agree or disagree with the following statement, and
say why: Ourfavorite fo o d is usually something we 
liked when we were children.
3 □ describe members of your family, saying what they
look like and what they are like
4 __] describe some of your plans and predictions for the
future (e.g., your education, your family life)
5 □ ask and answer the following questions:
• Have you ever won any money? How much did you 
win? What did you do with it?
• How long have you been learning English?
Where did you first start learning?
GOODWILL
INDUSTRIES
HF1D ATUPnr
VIDEO
Short movies Goodwill Industries 
Watch and enjoy the movie.
23
G comparatives and superlatives 
V transportation 
P /J/, /d3/, and /tJ7, linking
Race across Miami
What’s the 
best way to get 
around New York 
City?
Probably the 
subway although 
taxis are more 
comfortable.
1 V O C A B U L A R Y & S P E A K IN G
transportation
a In pairs, can you think o f four different forms of 
public transportation in towns and cities in your 
country?
b > - p.155 Vocabulary Bank Transportation.
2 P R O N U N C IA T IO N /J/, /d3/, and /tJ7
a 2 4))) Look at the pictures. W hat are the words 
and sounds? Listen and repeat.
adventure bridge catch crash dangerous 
each rush station traffic jam
c 2 5))) Listen and check. Practice saying the words.
d Look at the words in the columns. W hat are the 
typical spellings for these sounds? Go to the 
Sound Bank p.167 and check.
e 2 6))) Listen to the pairs o f words. Can you hear 
the difference? Practice saying them.
/tJ7 and /d3/
1 a cheap b jeep
2 a chain b jane
3 a choke b joke
/J7 and /tfl
4 a ship b chip
5 a shoes b choose
6 a wash b watch
g 2 8))) Listen and write five sentences.
24
3 R E A D IN G & L IS T E N IN G
a You are going to read about a race that the car show Top 
G ear organized across the US state o f Florida. Read the 
introduction and answer the questions.
1 Where do they have to go from? Where to?
2 What are the three methods of transportation?
3 Which one do you think will be the fastest? Why?
4 In what order do you think the other two will arrive? Why?
On Top Gear, a very popular TV series about cars and driving, 
they decided to organize a race across Florida to find the 
quickest way to cross a busy state. The idea was to start from 
Miami, in the southwestern part of the tip of Florida, and to 
finish the race at the southern-most point of the US, Key West, 
a trip of 160 miles. Three possible form s of transportation 
were chosen: a motorboat, a car, and a combination of 
transportation. One of the show’s hosts, Rutledge Wood, took 
the motorboat and his colleague Adam Ferrera took the car 
(a 2010 Lotus Evora). Tanner Foust took different kinds of 
transportation. His trip involved getting a taxi to the airport 
where he flew in a seaplane. Then he rented a scooter.
They set o ff from Jones Boat Yard on the Miami River...
What’s the fastest way
b Write three words from the list in each column.
2»7))) Listen andt^ircj^the word you hear.
His trip began in the Miami River. For the first hour there 
was a speed limit of 7 miles an hour because of the 
enforced no-wake zone in the river. Once the boat passed 
through Biscayne Bay and went under the Rickenbacker 
Bridge, he entered open water. Rutledge increased the 
boat’s speed to over 90 miles an hour and made up the time 
he lost on the Miami River. Approximately 60 miles from 
the finish line, Rutledge was ahead of Adam and Tanner, 
but he had to stop for gas if he wanted to reach the finish 
line in Key West. In the 15 minutes it took to refuel the boat, 
Adam passed Rutledge in the car and took the lead. Once 
Rutledge was back on the open water, there were a lot of 
big waves, but he was able to pass Adam near Seven Mile 
Bridge just outside of Key West. Unfortunately for both 
Rutledge and Adam, Tanner flew over both of them in the 
seaplane at about the same time. Now Tanner was in the 
best position to win. Each racer was only miles from the 
finish line in Key West. Who would win?
Adam started off OK. He wasn’t driving fast because 
he was going the speed limit. However, after an hour, 
Adam decided that he was going too slowly. He increased 
his speed to 75 miles an hour— 20 miles an hour over 
the speed limit. As Adam passed through a small town, 
he was stopped by the police! They were angry that 
Adam was speeding, and it meant that Adam lost many 
valuable minutes! Another problem Adam had was that 
his GPS was programmed to give directions in Spanish 
instead of English. This made finding his way to Key West 
difficult. As Adam finally approached Key West, the traffic 
was getting worse. He was worried about getting stuck so 
close to the finish line. Only three miles to go...
b Now read about the trips by motorboat and car. Do 
you still think your predictions in 3a are right?
c Read the two trips again and answer the questions 
with R (Rutledge) or A (Adam).
W h o ...?
1 □ went much faster in the later part o f his trip
2 Q] did something illegal
3 [_j went more slowly in the later part o f his trip
4 Q had to stop for more gas
5 I_] couldn’t understand the directions spoken by
the GPS
6 ŋ was in the lead for most of the race
d Look at the highlighted verbs and verb phrases. 
With a partner, figure out their meaning from 
context.
e 2 9))) Now listen to what happened to Tanner. 
Follow his route on the map.
f 2 10))) With a partner, write down the order in which 
you now think the three people arrived. Now listen to 
what happened. What order did they arrive in?
g > • Communication I’m a tourist - can you help me?
A p.104 B p.109.
Glossary
1 mile the unit o f distance used in the US and the UK (=1.6 
kilometers); 160 miles = 257 kilometers 
seaplane an airplane that can take off from the water or the land 
no-wake zone an area of water where boats must travel slowly to 
avoid making waves
Online Practice ■ 3A 25
Rutledge in the motorboat
Tanner in the seaplane
Adam in the car
4 G R A M M A R comparatives and superlatives 6 L IS T E N IN G
a Read the sentences. Are the highlighted phrases right or wrong? 
Write a check ( / ) or an X next to them and correct the wrong 
sentences.
1 □ What's the quicker way to get around Miami?
2 I ] Driving is more boring than going by train.
3 Q The boat was almost as fast than the hike.
4 L J West Hollywood is the same distance from Los Angeles as
South Gate.
5 □ There aren’t as much trains as there were before on this line.
6 Q It was the more exciting trip I’ve ever taken.
7 Ld The worst time of day to travel in New York City is between
7:30 a.m. and 9:30 a.m.
8 [ ] Women drive more careful than men.
b > - p.136 Grammar Bank 3A. Learn more about comparatives and 
superlatives, and practice them.
5 P R O N U N C IA T IO N linking
Linking
We often link words together in English, especially when we speak
fast. We link words:
1 when a word ends in a consonant sound and the next word begins 
with a vowel sound, e.g., more^exciting
2 when a word ends in a consonant sound and the next word begins 
with the same consonant sound, e.g., the fastest^train
3 when a word ends in /t/ or /d/ and the next word begins with HI or 
/d/, e.g., the biggest^dog
a 2 14))) Listen and repeat the sentences. Try to link the marked 
words and copy the rhythm.
ı Ridings motorcycle j s morejexciting than driving.
2 Thefastestjtrairuonly ta k e ^ it jio u c a n o half.
3 it's more d iff ic ulty drivq^t night than during the day.
4 My father’s worsq^tjdriving than my mother
5 The mostjdangerous roadjn my towrljs the freeway.
b Talk to a partner. For each group o f three things compare them 
using the bold adjective, i.e., for 1 decide which is the most 
dangerous, and then compare the other two. Say why.
1 dangerous: riding a bike; riding a motorcycle; driving
2 easy: learning to drive; learning to ride a bike; learning to ride 
a horse
3 relaxing: flying; traveling by train; driving
4 difficult: sleeping on a train; sleeping in a plane; sleeping 
on a bus
5 boring: being stuck in a traffic jam; waiting at an airport; 
waiting for a bus
I think riding a bike is the most dangerous because 
sometimes drivers don’t notice bike riders. Riding 
a motorcycle is more dangerous than driving.
a Read the text and then talk to a partner.
1 Which of these things do you (or people you 
know) do when you are driving?
2 Which do you think are the most 
dangerous? Number them 1-3 (1 = the most 
dangerous).
3 Which one do you think is the least 
dangerous?
b 2 15))) Now listen to a safety expert.
Number the activities 1-7. Were your top
three right?
c Listen again for more information about 
each activity and why it is dangerous.
26 3A
Which of these things 
is the most (and least)
dangerous
when you're driving a car?
A car magazine tested drivers in a driving 
simulator. The drivers had to drive in the 
simulator and do the things in the list below.
A E a t in g o r d r in k in g □
A T a lk in g o n a ce l l p h o n e (n o t h a n d s f r e e ) □
A S e t t i n g o r a d ju s t in g a G P S □
A L i s t e n in g t o y o u r f a v o r i t e m u s ic □
A L i s t e n in g t o m u s ic y o u d o n ' t k n o w □
A S e n d in g o f r e c e i v in g t e x t m e s s a g e s □
A D o in g y o u f h a ir o r p u t t i n g o n m a k e u p □
7 S P E A K IN G
a Look at the statements below and decide 
whether you agree or disagree. Check ( / ) 
the ones you agree with and put an X next 
to the ones you disagree with. Think about 
your reasons.
Slow drivers cause more accidents than 
fast drivers.
People who drink and drive should lose 
their driver’s license for life.
Speed cameras do not stop accidents.
Drivers who are over 70 are as dangerous as 
young drivers.
Bike riders should have to wear helmets.
The minimum age for riding a motorcycle 
should be 25.
The speed limit on freeways should be lower.
b In groups, give your opinions about each 
statement. Try to use expressions from the 
box. Do you agree?
P Agreeing and disagreeing
I agree/don’t agree with this.
with Juan.
I th ink/don't think you’re right.
that's
I completely/totally agree.
disagree.
8 W R IT IN G
> - p.115 Writing An article for a 
m agazine. Write a magazine article about 
transportation in your town or city.
9 2 1B«) S O N G 500 M/'iesj:
Online Practice 3A 27
G articles: a / an, the, no article 
V collocation: verbs / adjectives + prepositions 
P bl, sentence stress, Ids/ or Idil?
Do you think 
women ta lk more 
than men?
3B Stereotypes - or are they?
Yes, in general 
I think they 
probably do.
1 R E A D IN G & S P E A K IN G
a In pairs, answer the questions.
1 Are you a talkative or a quiet person?
2 Who is...?
a the most talkative person in your family 
b the most talkative person you know'
3 Do you think that, generally speaking, women are 
more talkative than men?
4 What topics do...?
a men talk about more than women 
b women talk about more than men
b Look at the definition of stereotype. Then A read the article 
Men talkjust as much as women and B read the article 
Gossip with the girls? Find answers to questions 1-4.
stereotype noun a fixed idea about a particular type
o f person or thing, which is often not true in reality. > - stereotype
verb In advertisem ents, w om en are o ften stereo ty p ed as housewives.
1 What was the stereotype that the researchers wanted 
to investigate?
2 Where was the research done?
3 How was the research done?
4 What did the research show?
c In pairs, tell each other about your article, using 
questions 1 -4 to help you.
d Now read both articles again and look at the highlighted 
words and phrases, which are commonly used in articles 
about research. Match them with definitions 1-10.
1 In fact adverb really
2 ________ verb make less
3 ________ usually do it
4 ________ adverb a little bit
5 ________ linking word used to connect or contrast
two facts
6 ________ verb say that something is true
7 ________ as said or shown by somebody
8 ________ verb include several different things in
addition to the ones mentioned
9 ________ adverb nearly
10 not completely believed, doubted
e Which o f the two pieces o f research do you think is ...?
1 more credible 3 more surprising
2 more important
28
Men talk just as 
much as women -
can it really be true?
Research by psychologists at the University of Arizona has shown that the stereotype that women talk more than men may not be true. In 
the study, hundreds of college students were fitted 
with recorders, and the total number of words they 
used during the day was then counted.
The results, published in the New Scientist, showed that 
women speak about 16,000 words a day and men speak 
only slightly fewer. In fact, the four most talkative people 
in the study were all men.
Professor Matthias Mehl, who was in charge of the 
research, said that he and his colleagues had expected to 
find that women were more talkative.
GOSSIP WITH THE
GIRLS? JUST PICK ANY 
ONE OF FORTY SUBJECTS
Women are experts at gossiping - and they often talk about trivial things, or at least that's what men have always thought. However according to 
research done by Professor Petra Boynton, a psychologist 
at University College London, 
when women talk to women their 
conversations are not trivial at all, and 
cover many more topics (up to 40) than 
when men talk to other men.
Women's conversations range from 
health to their houses, from politics to 
fashion, from movies to family, from 
education to relationship problems.
Almost everything, in fact, except 
soccer. Men tend to talk about fewer 
subjects, the most popular being work, 
sports, jokes, cars, and women.
However, they had been skeptical of the 
common belief that women use three times as 
many words as men. This idea became popular 
after the publication of a book called The 
Fem ale Brain (2006) whose author, Louann 
Brizendine, claimed that “a woman uses about 
20,000 words per day, whereas a man uses 
about 7,000.”
Professor Mehl accepts that many people will 
find the results difficult to believe. However, he 
thinks that this research is important because 
the stereotype, that women talk too much and 
men keep quiet, is bad not only for women but 
also for men. “It says that to be a good male, it’s 
better not to talk - that silence is golden.”
Professor Boynton interviewed over 1,000 
women for her study. She also found that women 
move quickly from one subject to another in 
conversation, whereas men usually stick to one 
subject for longer periods of time.
Professor Boynton also says that men and women 
talk for different reasons. In social situations, 
women use conversation to solve problems and 
reduce stress, while men talk to each other to 
laugh or to exchange opinions.
2 G R A M M A R articles: a / an, the, no article
a Complete 1 -4 with a / an, the, or - (no article).
1 “Have you heard this joke?____ hamburger and____ French fry
walk into a coffee shop.____waitress says, “I'm sorry. We don't
serve____ food here.”
2 “I just read____article on____ Internet about how eating____
strawberries makes you look younger..
3 “I’m sure there’s something wrong between us because we never
go out to ____ dinner or to ____ movies anymore.”
4 “Did you watch____game____ last night? I can’t believe that_____
referee didn’t see that it was____ penalty..
b According to the article Gossip with the girls?, whodo you think 
would probably say 1 -4 , a man or a woman?
c p.137 Grammar Bank 3B. Learn more about articles and 
practice them.
3 P R O N U N C IA T IO N
/ə/, sentence stress, /ðə/ or /di/?
a 2 20))) Listen and repeat the sound and words.
a about anniversary complain credible 
problem talkative usually woman
b 2 21))) Listen and repeat the sentences. Then practice saying 
them with the /ə/ sound.
ı What are we going to have for lunch to day?
2 i'd like to see a good movie to night.
3 Please stop complaining about the weather.
4 The woman in the kitchen is very talkative.
5 There’s a problem with the computer.
c 2 22)}) Listen and underline five phrases where the is pronounced 
/di/ (not /ðə/). Why does the pronunciation change?
the movies the end the other day the world the sun 
the Internet the kitchen the answer the Earth
4 S P E A K IN G
Prove that the research in Gossip with the girls? is wrong! 
Work in pairs or small groups.
If you’re a woman, try to talk for two minutes about: 
soccer cars computers
If you’re a man, try to talk for two minutes about: 
fashion shopping your family
Online Practice 3B 29
A
d
ap
te
d
 fr
om
 t
h
e
 D
ai
ly
 M
ai
l 
w
eb
si
te
A
d
ap
te
d
 fr
om
 t
h
e 
N
ew
 S
ci
e
n
tis
t
5 R E A D IN G & L IS T E N IN G
a Do you think it is a stereotype that women are better 
than men at taking care o f small children? Do you 
know any men who stay at home and take care of their 
children? How do they manage?
b Look at an illustration based on a new book about 
taking care o f young children. Can you name some of 
the things in the picture?
d 2 23))) Listen to two men talking in the park 
about the book and mark the sentences T (true) 
or F (false).
1 Miranda is older than Stephen.
2 Miranda’s father slept badly the night before.
3 Stephen’s father recommends sleeping pills.
4 Stephen’s father hasn't read Commando Dad.
5 He likes the website because he enjoys reading about 
other men’s experiences.
6 Stephen’s father really likes the book because it helps 
him and makes him laugh.
7 In Commando Dad, BT means Baby Trooper and Base 
Camp means the kitchen.
8 The author of Commando Dad thinks that women are
c Read the beginning o f an article about the book. Why 
did Neil Sinclair write it? In what way is it different 
from other books about raising children?
only better than men when the baby is small, 
e Listen again and correct the wrong information.
F o r s ix y ea rs N eil S in cla ir served as a 
commando in th e arm y. He had been in a 
lot of dangerous situ ation s, but nothing 
prepared him for th e day when he brought 
h is f ir s t baby home from th e hospital.
“I put th e car seat containing m y tw o-day- 
old son Sam uel down on th e floor and said to 
m y w ife, ‘W hat do w e do now ?”
When he le ft th e a rm y Sin cla ir and his wife agreed 
th a t he would sta y at home and tak e care of the baby, 
while h is wife w ent back to work.
“I have done a lot of crazy th ings, but when I put 
th a t baby down I thought: I have a tin y baby, and he is 
crying. W hat does he w ant? W hat does he need? I did 
not know. It was one of th e m ost difficult days of my 
life.”
It was at th at moment th at Sin clair had an idea.
“I found m yself th in k in g how much easier life would 
be if I had a basic tra in in g m anual for m y baby, like 
the m anual you get when you jo in th e arm y. I realized
Adapted from The Times
th a t somebody needed to w rite such a m anual, 
and who b etter to w rite it th a n m e? I had been a 
commando, but I was now a stay-at-hom e dad. I was 
th e m an for the job.”
His book, Commando Dad: Basic Training, is a set 
of instructions th a t explains w ith m ilitary precision 
and diagram s how new fa th ers should approach the 
firs t th ree y ears of th eir child’s life to become a 
first-rate father.
f Do you think it’s a good idea to have a book and a 
website on childcare especially for men?
Why (not)?
Glossary
commando noun one of a group of soldiers who are trained to make 
quick attacks in enemy areas
stay-at-home dad noun a man who stays at home and takes care of the 
children while his wife goes to work
6 S P E A K IN G
a 2 24))) Listen to someone talking about 
men and women, and fill in the blanks.
“Generally_______, I think women worry
more about their appearance than men.
They_______to spend hours choosing
what to wear, doing their hair, and putting
on makeup. Women are also_______
better at making themselves look more
attractive. But I think that in_______ , men
are more worried than women about their 
body image. They feel more insecure about 
their hair, for instance, especially when 
they’re going bald.”
b In small groups discuss if the statements 
about men and women are stereotypes or 
true. Try to use the highlighted expressions 
for generalizing from a.
MEN<d?WOMEN
stereotypes or true?
• Women worry more about their appearance than men.
• Women spend more time than men on social networking 
sites.
• Men talk more about things; women talk more about people.
• Men are more interested than women in gadgets like 
phones and tablets.
• Women are better at multitasking than men.
• Men find it more difficult than women to talk to their 
friends or family if they have a problem.
• Women spend more time than men talking about 
celebrities and their lifestyles.
• Men are more interested than women in power.
• Women are less interested in sports than men.
• Men worry more about their health than women.
THE BASICS
Survive the first 24 hours
Prepare and plan to prevent 
poor parental performance 
Maintain morale
Feed, clothe, transport and 
entertain your troops
l=ROM BIRTH TO 3 /EARS
Foreword by Dr Jan M ager-Jones MB ChB
7 V O C A B U L A R Y
collocation: verbs / adjectives + prepositions
a Cover the statements above. Can you remember the missing 
prepositions?
1 Men worry more___their health than women.
2 Women are better___multitasking than men.
3 Men are more interested than women___power.
b > - p.156 Vocabulary Bank Dependent prepositions.
P When are prepositions stressed?
Prepositions are usually only stressed when they are the 
last word, e.g., in a question. Compare:
we need to ta lk about our vacation.
What are you talking about?
Freddie is afraid of flying.
What are you afraid of?
c Complete the questions with a preposition.
1 When you're with friends of the same sex, what do you usually
talk___?
2 Are there any sports or games that you’re good___?
3 Is there anything you're really looking forward___?
4 Who in your family are you closest___?
5 What kind of movies are you interested__ ?
6 Are there any animals or insects that you're afraid___?
7 What's your town famous___?
8 Are there any superstitions that you believe___?
d 2 27))) Listen and check. Then ask and answer the questions with 
a partner.
Online Practice 3B 31
Practical Engli A difficult celebrity
ROB’S IN T E R V IE W
a 2 28))) Watch or listen to Rob interviewing 
Kerri. What is she happy / not happy to talk 
about?
b Watch or listen again. Mark the sentences
T (true) or F (false). Correct the F sentences.
1 Kerri’s song is about love.
2 Kerri plays in a band.
3 She used to go out with a member of 
the band.
4 Only one of her parents was a musician.
5 Kerri started playing the guitar when she 
was six.
6 Her new album is very different from the 
previous ones.
7 She’s been recording and touring recently.
8 She’s going to give a big concert in 
New York City.
32
2 ■ < G IV IN G O P IN IO N S
a 2 29))) Watch or listen to the conversation at lunch. What do they 
disagree about?
b Watch or listen again. Answer the questions.
1 What does Kerri think about...?
a the waiters in New York City compared to London 
b people in New' York City compared to London
2 Who agrees with Kerri? Who disagrees? What do they think?
3 Who calls Rob? What about?
VIDEO
c 2 30))) Look at some extracts from the 
conversation. Canyou remember any o f the 
missing words? Watch or listen and check.
1 Kerri ________ , I th ink people in London
are a lo t more easygoing. London’s 
ju s t not as hectic as New York.
Don Sure, we all like peace and quiet.
But in m y _________, New York is
possibly... well, no, is defin ite ly the 
g reatest c ity in the world.
Don’t yo u _________?
Kerri To b e _________ , I defin ite ly prefer
London.
Don Come on, Rob. You've lived in both. 
What do yo u _________ ?
2 Don OK, I_________ , London has its
own peculiar charm. But i f y o u _____
me, nothing compares w ith a c ity 
like New York. The whole world is 
here!
Kerri But th a t ’s the problem. It’s too 
big. There are too many people. 
Everybody’s so stressed out. And 
nobody has any tim e fo r you.
Jenny I don’t th ink th a t ’s _________ , Kerri.
New Yorkers are very friendly.
Kerri O h_________ , they can sound
friendly w ith all th a t “Have a nice 
day” s tu ff.
d 2 3 1 ))) Watch or listen and repeat the 
highlighted phrases. Copy the rhythm and 
intonation.
e Practice the dialogues in c with a partner.
3 ■ < A S U R P R IS E FOR KERRI
a 2 3 2 ))) Watch or listen to the end o f the lunch. 
Why is Kerri surprised?
O American and British English
cell phone = American English 
mobile phone = British English
b Watch or listen again and complete the information.
1 Kerri thinks the waitress is friendly when they leave because 
Don...
f m m i In small groups, practice giving
opinions. Discuss the following sentences.
2 Jenny is worried because she thinks Rob...
3 Kerri thinks that the taxi driver is very...
- The best place to live is in a big city.
- Riding a bike is the most practical way to 
get around big cities.
- You only get good service in expensive 
restaurants.
- It’s irritating when people in stores or 
restaurants say Have a nice day!
c Look at the Social English phrases. Can you remember any of 
the missing words?
Social English phrases
Jenny Did yo u _______ w hat you said in the restaurant, Rob?
Jenny It’s _______ that... you seemed homesick in there.
Rob Oh,_______ on a minute.
Rob Our tax i’s com e_______ .
Kerri That was s o _______ o f him!
d 2 33))) Watch or listen and complete the phrases.
e Watch or listen again and repeat the phrases. How do you say 
them in your language?
^ Can you...?
interview someone or be interviewed 
[ give your opinion about something
agree or disagree w ith o ther people’s opinions
Online Practice 33
G can, could, be able to 
V -ed / -ing adjectives 
P sentence stress
Can you 
speak French?
4A Failure and success
No, I’ve
never been able 
l to learn a foreign 
language.
1 G R A M M A R can, could, be able to
a I f at first you don ’t succeed, try, try, try again is a 
well-known saying. What does it mean?
More recently other people 
have invented different ways 
o f continuing the saying.
W hich one do you like best?
If at firs t you don’t succeed,
...give up
...blame your parents 
...destroy all the evidence th a t you tried 
...do it the way your m other to ld you to 
...skydiving is no t fo r you
c Look at the definition o f be able to. What other verb is 
it similar to?
be able to (do something) to have the ability, opportunity, time, 
etc., to do something: Will you be able to come to the meeting next week?
d Read about three people who have tried (but failed) to 
learn something, and complete the texts with A -G .
A I was able to 
B Not being able to 
C I just wasn’t able to 
D I will never be able to 
E I would suddenly be able to 
F I've always wanted to be able to 
G we would never be able to
e Read the article again. Why did they have problems? 
Have they completely given up trying? Have you ever 
tried to learn something and given up? Why?
f Look at phrases A -G again. What tense or form is 
be ab le to in each one? What tenses or forms does 
can have?
g >• p.138 Grammar Bank 4A . Learn more about can, 
could, and be able to, and practice them.
h > - Communication Guess the sentence A p.105 
B p.109.
ive never
been able to...
I really wanted to learn. Maybe it was because of that scene in one of the very first James Bond movies, where a beautiful actress comes out of the ocean looking fabulous, 
with oxygen tanks on her back - I could see myself looking 
just like her. So, two years ago I booked a vacation that 
included a week-long intensive course. On the first day of 
the course, I was incredibly excited. First, we had two hours 
of theory, and then we went into the ocean to put it into 
practice. But as soon as I went under the water, I discovered
that I suffered from claustrophobia. 1_________ do it. After
about half an hour I gave up. Every evening for the rest of 
my vacation I had to listen to my scuba-diving classmates 
talking about all the wonderful things they had seen that
day on their diving excursions.2_________ join in the
conversation was very frustrating.
I still love swimming and snorkeling, but I think that I have to 
accept that3_________ scuba dive.
Bea, the US
b
4_________________ dance salsa, and when I was working in
Ecuador there were free classes, so I joined. But the art o f salsa 
is to keep your arms still and move your hips, and I just couldn't 
do it. When I hear music my arms start moving, but my hips
don't. After about ten hours o f classes 5_________________ do
the basic steps, but I was dancing like a robot! I d idn't give up, 
but soon everyone in the class was dancing, and I was just 
slowly moving from side to side and counting out loud “one, 
two, three, four.” It was a little embarrassing. I was sure that one
day6_________________ do it - but that never happened. I can
still remember the first two steps, and I still try to dance when I 
hear a salsa tune - as long as nobody is watching!
Sean, Canada
...speak Japanese
love manga - Japanese comics - and I tried to learn Japanese, 
but I found it incredibly difficult, and I gave up after two years. 
I think Asian languages, which have symbols instead o f words, 
are extremely hard to learn for people who are more used to 
Roman letters. Also my teacher, a Japanese woman, didn't speak 
Spanish very well, which didn't help! She was a very charming 
woman, but she was a little disappointed with us, and you could
see that she thought tha t7_________________ learn. However,
one day she invited us to dinner and gave us some delicious 
traditional Japanese food, and since then I often go to Japanese 
restaurants. So I learned to love the food, if not to speak the 
language!
2 P R O N U N C IA T IO N sentence stress
a 2 36))) Listen and repeat the sentences. Copy the 
rhythm.
ı i d love to be able to ski.
2 w e won’t be able to come.
3 iv e never been able to dance.
4 s h e hates not be ing able to drive.
b 2 37))) Listen again. Make new sentences with the 
verbs or verb phrases you hear.
))) I’d love to be able to ski Ride a horse 
I'd love to be able to ride a horse.
We won’t be able to come. Park 
We won't be able to park.
3 S P E A K IN G
a Look at the topics. Choose two or three and think 
about what you could say for them.
Something you’ve tried to learn, but have never been 
able to do well.
Something you learned to do a fte r a lo t o f e ffo rt. 
Something you can do, but you'd like to be able to 
do better.
Something new th a t you would like to be able to do. 
Something you are learning to do and th a t you hope you’ll 
soon be able to do well.
Something you th ink all young people should be able to do 
before they leave school.
b Work with a partner. Tell him / her about the things 
you chose in a . Give reasons or explanations for 
each one.
/’ve never been able to ski and now I don't think lit ever learn. 
I always wanted to learn, but I don't live near mountains...
Joaquin, Argentina
Online Practice 4A 35
4 V O C A B U L A R Y -ed / -ing adjectives
a Look at the photo. Complete the sentences with 
bored or boring.
1 The moviewas_______ .
2 The audience was_______ .
P -edand -ing adjectives
Many adjectives for feelings have two possible 
forms, either ending in -ed or in -ing, e.g., 
frustrated and frustrating.
We use the adjective ending in -ed for the person 
who has the feeling (I was very frustrated that I 
couldn't scuba dive). We use the adjective ending 
in -ing for a person or situation that produces the 
feeling (/ couldn’t join in the conversation, which 
was very frustrating).
b Read the information box. Then complete the 
adjectives with -ed or -ing.
1 What do you think is the most excit___sport
to watch?
2 What's the most amaz___scenery you've
ever seen?
3 What music do you listen to if you feel
depress___?
4 Have you ever been disappoint___by a
birthday present?
5 Which do you find more tir___, speaking
English or listening to English?
6 What's the most em barrass___thing that’s
ever happened to you?
7 Are you scare___ of spiders?
8 Do you feel very tir___in the morning?
9 Who’s the most bor___person you know?
10 Do you ever get frustrat___by technology?
c 2 38))) Listen and check. Underline the stressed 
syllable in the adjectives.
d Ask and answer the questions in pairs. Ask for 
more information.
5 R E A D IN G & S P E A K IN G
a Do you know anybody who speaks more than two 
languages? W hich languages do they speak? How did 
they learn?
b 2 39))) You are going to read an article about Alex Rawlings, 
who speaks 11 languages. Before you read, match the 
languages below with words 1 -11 . Then listen and check.
□□
m□
English
Spanish
Afrikaans
Catalan
LH Greek
□ Russian 
LH French
□ Italian
□ German
J Dutch
□ Hebrew
c Read the article. W hich language(s)...?
1 did he learn as a child
2 is he studying in college
3 does he like best
4 is he planning to learn next
5 did he wish he had been able to speak when he was a child
6 was the first one he taught himself
7 did he find the most difficult
He’s only 20, 
but he can speak 
eleven languages
oo<>oc«oo<x>«<x>oooooooooooo<x>ooo<>ooc>oooc->oocK>oooc<i<>o<x>oo<>ooo<>««<x>o<>oo««eoo<>oo<>coooooooooooc><x>ooooooc>oocooooo<><x><>o<>oo<><>ooo<>ooo««o<>o««o
In a competition run by a dictionary publisher, college student Alex Rawlings was named the 
most multilingual student.
T h e G e rm a n a n d R u s s ia n s tu d e n t , w h o is o n ly 20 y e a r s 
o ld , c a n s p e a k 11 la n g u a g e s f lu e n t ly . In a v id e o fo r a n e w s 
w e b s ite , he d e m o n s t r a t e d h is s k i l l s by s p e a k in g in a ll o f 
th e m , c h a n g in g q u ic k ly f ro m o n e to a n o th e r . R a w lin g s s a id 
th a t w in n in g th e c o m p e t it io n w a s “a b it o f a s h o c k . " H e 
e x p la in e d , “ I s a w th e c o m p e t it io n a d v e r t is e d , a n d I h e a rd 
s o m e th in g a b o u t a f r e e iP a d . 1 n e v e r im a g in e d th a t it w o u ld 
g e n e ra te t h is a m o u n t o f m e d ia a t te n t io n .”
A s a c h i ld , R a w lin g s ' m o th e r, w h o is h a lf G re e k , u s e d to 
s p e a k to h im in E n g lis h , G re e k , a n d F re n ch , a n d h e o f te n 
v is it e d h is fa m ily in G re e c e .
H e s a id th a t h e h a s a lw a y s b e e n in te re s te d in la n g u a g e s . 
“ M y d a d w o rk e d in J a p a n fo r fo u r y e a r s , a n d I w a s a lw a y s 
f r u s t r a t e d th a t I c o u ld n 't s p e a k to th e k id s b e c a u s e o f th e 
la n g u a g e b a r r ie r .” A f te r v is it in g H o lla n d a t th e a g e o f 14 , he 
d e c id e d to le a rn D u tch w ith C D s a n d b o o k s . “ W h e n I w en t 
b a c k I c o u ld t a lk to p e o p le . It w a s g re a t . ”
H e ta u g h t h im s e lf m a n y o f th e la n g u a g e s w ith “ te a c h 
y o u r s e lf ” b o o k s , b u t a ls o by w a tc h in g m o v ie s , l is t e n in g to 
m u s ic , a n d t r a v e lin g to th e c o u n t r ie s t h e m s e lv e s .
36 4A
A
d
ap
te
d
 fr
om
 C
he
rw
el
l.o
rg
d Look at the highlighted words and phrases related to 
language learning, and figure out their meaning from 
the context. Then ask and answer the questions with 
a partner.
1 Can you or anyone in your family speak another 
language fluently?
2 Do you know any basic phrases in any other 
languages?
3 Do you have a personal link to another country or 
language? Why?
4 Have you ever traveled to another country and felt that 
there was a real language barrier?
5 What other languages would you like to be able to
O f a ll th e la n g u a g e s h e s p e a k s , R a w lin g s s a y s th a t 
R u s s ia n , w h ic h h e h a s b e e n le a rn in g fo r a y e a r a n d a 
h a lf , is th e h a rd e s t . H e s a id , “T h e re s e e m to b e m o re 
e x c e p t io n s th a n ru le s ! " H e a d d e d , “ I e s p e c ia l ly lik e 
G re e k b e c a u s e I th in k it ’ s b e a u t ifu l a n d , b e c a u s e o f m y 
m o th e r , I h a v e a s t ro n g p e r s o n a l lin k to th e c o u n try a n d 
to th e la n g u a g e ."
“ E v e ry o n e s h o u ld le a rn la n g u a g e s , e s p e c ia l ly i f th e y 
t ra v e l a b ro a d . If you m a k e th e e f fo r t to le a rn e v e n th e 
m o s t b a s ic p h r a s e s w h e re v e r you g o , it in s ta n t ly s h o w s 
th e p e r s o n y o u 're s p e a k in g to t h a t you r e s p e c t h is o r 
h e r c u ltu re . G o in g a ro u n d s p e a k in g E n g lis h lo u d ly a n d 
g e t t in g f r u s t r a te d w ith p e o p le is t a c t le s s a n d ru d e .”
T h e n e x t la n g u a g e R a w lin g s h o p e s to le a rn is A ra b ic , 
b u t “ o n ly o n c e I've f in is h e d m y d e g re e a n d g o t s o m e 
m o re t im e o n m y h a n d s . Fo r now I n e e d to c o n c e n t ra te on 
m y G e rm a n a n d R u s s ia n , s o I c a n p re p a re fo r m y f in a ls ."
G lossary
Afrikaans a language that has developed from Dutch, 
spoken in South Africa
Catalan a language spoken in parts of northern Spain and 
southern France
fin a ls the last exams that students take in college
e Read the grammar information box. Then complete 
1 -5 with a reflexive pronoun.
P Reflexive pronouns
He taught himself many of the languages with "teach 
yourself" books.
We use reflexive pronouns (myself, yourself, himself, 
herself, itself, ourselves, yourselves, themselves) when 
the object of a verb is the same as the subject, e.g., He 
taught himself Russian. = He was his own teacher.
We also use reflexive pronouns to emphasize the subject 
of an action, e.g., We painted the kitchen ourselves.
1 I always test________ on new vocabulary. It’s a good
way to remember it.
2 My uncle built the house________ . It took him
three years.
3 This light is automatic. It turns________ on and off.
4 Did you fix the computer________ ? Good job!
5 My sister’s so vain! Every time she passes a mirror, she
looks at________ in it!
6 L IS T E N IN G & S P E A K IN G
a 2 40))) You’re going to listen to six advanced students 
o f English giving a tip that has helped them to learn. 
Listen once and complete their tip. Then compare your 
notes with a partner.
TIP 6: Listen to as many______as
possible in English, and then 
___________________ them
b Listen again. Try to add more details about each tip.
c Talk to a partner.
• Do you already do any o f these things?
• Which do you think is the best tip?
• Which tip could you easily put into practice? Try it!
• What other things do you do to improve your English 
outside class (e.g., visit chat websites, listen to 
audio books)?
Online Practice 4A 37
TIP 5: Book yourself a ______in
an______-____________ .
TIP 4: Get a ____________ app for
your phone.
TIP 3: Try to find an English-speaking 
______or______.
TIP 2: Do things that you______
______, but in English.
TIP 1 : Change the language to English on all
th e ______ you have, for example on
your______, o r______, o r______ .
G modals o f obligation: must, have to, should 
V phone language 
P silent consonants, linking
4B Modern manners?
Do I have 
to bring a 
present?
Yes,
I think you 
probably 
should.
1 V O C A B U L A R Y & S P E A K IN G
phone language
a 2 4 1 ))) Listen and match the 
phone sentences with the sounds.
a D He's dialing a number.
B [ She's texting / messaging a friend.
C □ She just hungup.
D □ She's choosing a new ringtone. 
e D He’s calling back. 
f D She left a message on his voicemail. 
g D The line’s busy.
b Can you explain what these are?
Skype a screensaver silent / vibrate mode 
quiet zones instant messaging
c Use the questionnaire to interview another 
student. Ask for more information.
G R A M M A R
modals o f obligation: must, have to, should
Read the extract from Debrett’s guide to cell phone 
etiquette. Then talk to a partner about questions 1 -4 .
1 Do you agree with what Debrett’s says?
2 Do you ever do any of these things?
3 Are they a problem where you live?
4 Are there any other things people do with their phones that 
annoy you?
Debrett's, a well-known publisher, has been producing 
guides on how people should behave since the 1900s, 
including Debrett’s Etiquette and Modern Manners and The 
English Gentleman. Nowadays it still offers advice on what 
(and what not) to do in social situations.
YOU AND YOUR PHONE
I W hat brand is your phone? How long 
have you had it?
j Would you like to get a new one?
W hy (not)?
I W hat ringtone do you have?
j W hat do you use your phone for (apart 
from talking)?
I Where and when do you usually turn off 
your cell phone?
Have you ever...?
• lost your phone
• sent a message to the wrong person
• forgotten to turn your phone off 
(with embarrassing consequences)
D E B R E T T ’ S
guide to
cell phone etiquette
1 Think what your ringtone says about you 
I f you're sometimes embarrassed by your ringtone, it's 
almost certainly the wrong one and you should change it.
2 W hen in doubt, use silent or vibrate m ode 
It may surprise your companions when you suddenly 
answer an invisible, silent phone, but at least they won't 
have to listen to your ringtone.
3 Take notice o f who is around you
Make sure your conversation is not disturbing other people. 
Intimate conversations are never appropriate in front 
of others.
38
b Read the text again. Match the highlighted phrases 
with their meaning. Two o f the phrases match the 
same meaning.
A You don’t need to do this. It isn't necessary.
B Don’t do this. It isn’t allowed / permitted.
C It’s necessary or required to do this.
D It’s a good idea to do this.
c >• p.139 Grammar Bank 4B. Learn more about must, 
have to, and should, and practice them.
4 Respect quiet zones
You must not use your phone in quiet zones on trains or in 
hotels. That is the reason why they exist.
5 N ever shout
Your phone is not a megaphone. You don’t have to shout. 
And don’t shout because you think reception is poor. It 
won’t make any difference.
6 People with you deserve m ore attention 
than those at the end o f a phone
Wherever possible, turn off your phone in social situations 
and at mealtimes, or put it on vibrate. I f you have to keep 
your phone on because you are expecting an important call, 
apologize in advance.
7 D on’t continue on with phone conversations 
when you are in the m iddle o f something else 
This is especially true if you are in banks, stores, etc. It is 
insulting not to give the people who are serving you your 
full attention.
8 Think about where you are calling from 
Don’t make (or receive) calls in inappropriate places. Put 
your phone on vibrate in meetings, movies, etc. I f you 
must take a call in the car, use a hands-free set.
Adapted from D eb re tt's M odern Manners
3 P R O N U N C IA T IO N & 
S P E A K IN G
silent consonants, linking
a Each o f the words in the list has a silent 
consonant or consonants. W ith a partner, 
cross out the silent letters.
shoigld ta lk wrong listen half dishonest 
knowledge design whole rhythm doubt 
foreign calm island
b 2 46))) Listen and check.
c 2 47))) L isten and repeat the sentences.
Try to copy the rhythm and to link the 
marked words.
1 You must t u r n j j f f your p h o n e ^ rc it i
p la n e .
2 You shouidj)nly call himjrLan^ 
emergency.
3 we h a v e to leavQ _?up leven .
4 y o u m u s t n o t j ) p e n j ) t h e r p e o p le ’s ^ 
e m a ils .
5 You s h o u ld n ’f j t a l k lo u d ly o r\^ c e l l 
p h o n e .
d Read the definition o f m anners. T hen
make sentences using shou ld / shou ldn ’t for 
som ething that you think is a question o f 
m anners, and w ith must / must n ot / have to 
for som ething that is a law or rule.
manners pi noun a way ofbehaving that is
considered acceptable in your country or culture
■ turn o ff your phone in a theater
■ talk loudly on your phone in public
■ send text messages when you are 
driving
■ reply to a message on your phone 
w hile you are talking to somebody 
face-to-face
■ p lay noisy games on a phone in public
■ use your phone at a gas station
■ video people on your phone w ithout 
their permission
■ set your phone to silent mode on a train
■ send or receive texts at the movies
■ turn o ff your phone on a plane during 
take-off and landing
Online Practice ■ 4B 39
4 R E A D IN G
a Imagine that you have been invited to visit your 
partner’s family. Think of three things that you feel 
would be bad manners to do.
b Read the article. Did Heidi do any o f those things? 
W hat did she do wrong (according to Mrs. Bourne)? 
Whose side would you take?
News online
Two sides to every story
By NEWS ONLINE Reporter
Everyone knows it can be difficult to get along with your in-laws, 
but for 29-year-old Heidi Withers, it may now be impossible. 
Heidi was invited to spend the weekend with her fiance Freddie's 
family at their house. But soon after they returned home, Heidi 
received a very nasty email from Carolyn Bourne, Freddie's 
stepmother, criticizing her manners.
Here are a few examples of your lack of manners:
• When you are a guest in another person’s house, you 
should not declare what you will and will not eat - unless 
you are allergic to something.
• You should not say that you do not have enough food.
• You should not start before everyone else.
• You should not take extra helpings without being invited to 
by your host.
• You should not lie in bed until late morning.
• You should have sent a handwritten note after the visit.
You have never written to thank me when you have stayed.
Heidi was shocked, and immediately sent the email on to 
some of her close friends. Surprised and amused, the friends 
forwarded it to other people, and soon the email had been 
posted on several websites, with thousands of people writing 
comments about the mother-in-law.
Adapted from the Daily Mail website
should have
We use should have to talk about something that 
happened in the past that you think was wrong, e.g., You 
should have written me a thank-you letter. = you didn’t 
write to me. I think this was wrong.
d Now read some o f the comments that were posted on 
the Internet. Write H next to the ones that support 
Heidi and C next to the ones that support Carolyn.
1
2
3
4
5
6 
7
e Write your own comment. Then compare with a 
partner. Do you agree?
f > - Communication The big day p.105. Read about what 
Heidi and Freddie did next.
Mrs. Bourne says Heidi should have sent a handwritten 
thank-you note... however, she sends this letter by email! 
We are in the 21st century. Nobody sends handwritten 
letters anymore. 07/13/2011 6:52 p.m.
Why do we hear nothing about Freddie’s role in all this? 
Why didn't he prepare Heidi? He must know what his 
stepmother is like. He could also have prepared his 
family by telling themabout any eating problems his 
girlfriendhas. 07/13/2011 4:25 p. m.
The email was a private communication. I don't think 
Heidi should have sent it on to her friends. It makes 
me think that Mrs. Bourne might be right about her bad 
manners. 07/13/2011 12:40 p.m.
The stepmother seems to be extremely jealous of Heidi. 
Maybe she wants to keep Freddie all to herself. If I were 
Heidi, I would leave him. 07/12/2011 10:15 a.m.
The mother-in-law may have a few good points, but she 
should have spoken to Heidi face-to-face, and not sent 
her an email. 07/11/2011 6:50 p.m.
I think that the one with the extremely bad manners is 
Mrs. Bourne. 07/11/2011 2:10 p.m.
Mrs. Bourne, I agree with every word you say. Young 
people just don't have any manners nowadays. I hope 
Freddie comes to his senses and finds someone better.
07/11/2011 9:48 a.m.
40 4B
c Find words or phrases in the article that m ean...
1 _________ noun a man to whom you are going to
be married
2 _________ adj unpleasant
3 _________ verb saying what is bad or wrong with
somebody or something
4 _________ noun not having enough of something
5 _________ noun a person who you invite to your house
6 _________ noun a person who receives a visitor
7 _________ verb sent an email or message you received
to another person
5 L IS T E N IN G 6 S P E A K IN G
a 2 48))) Listen to Caroline Halloran, who 
is dating Jason Win, talking about the 
differences between Burmese manners and 
American manners. What was their problem 
when they firs t met? How have they managed 
to solve their differences about manners?
In groups, talk about each thing in the G ood Manners? questionnaire. 
Do you think it’s good manners, bad manners, or not important / 
not necessary. Why?
I think it's very rude to criticize the 
food if you are in somebody’s house.
b Listen again and mark the sentences T (true)
or F (false).
1 Jason thought Caroline was rude when she 
asked him to hang out with her.
2 In Burma it's OK to spend time alone with 
someone at the beginning of a romantic 
relationship.
3 Burmese culture is not as open as American 
culture is.
4 Jason wrote long responses to Caroline’s 
Facebook romantic posts.
5 Caroline wants Jason to stop bragging about 
their relationship to his friends and family.
6 Jason sometimes gets confused about good 
and bad manners in the US.
7 Caroline and Jason don't argue about 
manners anymore.
c W hat would people from your country do in
these situations?
I think it depends. It’s OK if you know the person 
very well or i f i t ’s a member o f your family...
7 2 49))) SONG You Can’t Hurry Love Jl
WHEN YOU ARE INVITED TO 
SOMEBODY’S HOUSE...
] criticize the food (e.g., if it is too 
cold, salty, etc.)
] take a present
j write an email to say thank you 
] arrive more than ten minutes late 
for lunch or dinner
WHEN GREETING PEOPLE...
I use more formal language 
when speaking to an 
older person
□ kiss a woman on the
cheek when you meet her 
for the first time 
] use your partner's 
parents' first names
WHEN YOU ARE HAVING A 
MEAL WITH FRIENDS IN A 
RESTAURANT...
] leave your cell phone on silent on 
the table in front of you 
1 answer or send a text or message 
1 make a phone call
MEN AND WOMEN-
A MAN’S ROLE...
1 pay for the meal on a 
first date
□ wait for a woman to go 
through the door first
□ accompany a 
woman home
ON SOCIAL NETWORKING 
SITES...
] post a private message or 
conversation on an Internet site 
] post an embarrassing photo 
or video clip of a friend without 
asking his or her permission 
] post all the details of your break­
up with a partner
Online Practice 4B 41
3&4 Review and Check
G R A M M A R
(Circle)a, b, or c.
1 I walk to work. It's______ than driving.
a healthyer b as healthy c healthier
2 Riding a bike isn't______ people think.
a as dangerous as b as dangerous than 
c so dangerous than
3 This is______ time of day for traffic jams.
a the most bad b the worse c the worst
4 My wife is a much safer driver than______ .
a 1 b me c my
5 W hat______beautiful day!
a a b - c an
6 I never drink coffee after______ dinner.
a - b the c an
7 ______ are usually good language learners.
a The women b Women c Woman
8 We’ve decided to visit Peru______ .
a the next summer b next summer 
c the summer next
9 We won’t ______ come to the party.
a can b be able c be able to
10 When he was five he______ already swim.
a can b could c was able
11 My mother has never______ cook well.
a been able to b could c be able to
12 Entrance is free. You______ pay anything.
a don’t have to b must not c shouldn't
13 I’l l______ work harder if I want to pass.
a must b should c have to
14 I don't think I ______ have a dessert. I’ve
already eaten too much!
a must b should c have to
15 You______ turn on your phone until the
plane has landed.
a don’t have to b must not c shouldn’t
V O C A B U L A R Y
a Complete with a preposition.
1 We arrived______Vancouver at 5:30.
2 I apologized______ being late.
3 I’m not very interested______ horror movies.
4 My son is good______ speaking languages.
5 This song reminds me______ my vacation.
b Complete the compound nouns.
1 Slow down! The speed______ on this road is 55 mph, not 65 mph.
2 I won’t start the car until you have all put on your seat______ .
3 It’s not a good town for bike riders - there are very few
bicycle______.
4 Try to avoid using the subway during______ hour - between 8:00
and 9:30 in the morning.
5 There’s a taxi______ right next to the train station.
c Complete with the right word.
1 We were late because we got s______ in a terrible traffic jam.
2 I'm moving into a new apartment next week. I've rented a v______
so that I can take all my things there.
3 The next train to New Haven is now waiting at pi______ 5.
4 We’re going to s______ off early because we want to get to the
hotel before it gets dark.
5 How long does it t______ to get from here to the airport?
d (Circle) the right adjective.
1 The game ended 0 -0 . It was really bored / boring.
2 It was the most amazed / amazing experience I’ve ever had.
3 We’re very excited / exciting about our vacation!
4 I’m a little disappointed / disappointing with my exam results.
5 This show is too depressed / depressing. Turn it off.
e Complete the missing words.
1 I’m not in right now. Please 1______ a message.
2 The line’s b______ . Please hold.
3 I was in the middle o f talking to him, and he just h______up!
4 1 love the scr______ on your phone. Is it a photo of your kids?
5 I hate it when people have really loud r______ on their cell phones!
P R O N U N C IA T IO N
b Underline the stressed syllable.
1 free way 3 pe des tri an 5 em barr ass ing
2 dis a ppoint ed 4 vi brate
42
1
2
3
4
5
language want manners traffic
the moon the sun the beginning the end
watch cheap machine each
should crash permission gossip
change message argue apologize
(Circle)the word with a different sound.
A
da
pt
ed
 fr
om
 T
he
 N
ew
 Y
or
k 
Ti
m
es
VIDEO
C A N Y O U U N D E R S T A N D T H E S E 
PEOPLE?
C A N Y O U U N D E R S T A N D T H IS T E X T ?
a Read the article once. What kind o f concert was it?
W hat happened?
Turn it off!
Something historic happened at 
the New York Philharmonic on 
the evening of January 10,2012, 
about an hour into Mahler's Ninth 
Symphony. During the beautiful 
fourth movement, an audience 
member’s cell phone loudly rang.
And rang. And rang again. It was the kind of marimba r iff we've 
all heard on the street from a stranger’s phone.
From my seat in Row L, I could see the horrified discomfort of 
the other audience members from their body language. We all 
wondered whether the conductor Alan Gilbert would react, and 
how. Suddenly there was silence. The orchestra had stopped 
playing. Mr. Gilbert had halted the performance. He turned to 
the man, who was seated in the front row, and said:
“Are you going to turn it off? Will you do that?”
There was some "discussion” between the conductor and the 
cell phone owner,but we couldn’t hear it.
In the Avery Fisher Hall, many members of the audience stood 
and demanded that the man leave the hall. They were so furious 
that I could have imagined them dragging him from his seat on 
to the stage, tying him to a stake, and setting him alight!
When the “power off" button on the man’s phone had finally 
been located and put to use, Mr. Gilbert turned to the audience. 
"Usually, when there’s a disturbance like this, it’s best to ignore 
it,” he said. “But this time I could not allow it.”
The audience applauded as if Mahler himself, the orchestra’s 
conductor from 1909 to 1911, had suddenly been resurrected 
onstage. Mr. Gilbert neither smiled nor acknowledged the 
cheers. Instead he turned to the orchestra, instructing the 
players to resume, several bars back from the point at which 
he had stopped the performance. Just before, he raised his 
baton and turned again to the audience and said, this time 
with a smile, “We’ll start again.” A few seconds later, the fourth 
movement resumed.
Mr. Gilbert’s brave decision that night brought new music to 
the Philharmonic.
b Read the text again and answer the questions.
1 In what part o f the symphony did the phone ring? 
What kind of ringtone was it?
2 Did the owner turn it off immediately?
3 How did the audience react a) to the phone ringing, 
and b) to what the conductor did?
4 Did the audience really drag the man onto the stage?
5 Did Mr. Gilbert restart the music from the same place 
where he had stopped?
6 Does the journalist think Mr. Gilbert made the 
right decision?
c Choose five new words or phrases from the text.
Check their meaning and pronunciation and try to
learn them.
2 50))) O n the street Watch or listen to five people and 
answer the questions.
Christopher Maria Harry Skylar Cristina
1 Christopher likes using the subway because______ .
a he only needs to take one train
b he gets to work in less than half an hour 
c it runs all day and night
2 Maria thinks that women are better than men at taking
care o f young children because______ .
a they have had a lot of practice 
b they know when children are hungry 
c they know what to do when children are sick
3 Harry says that men in her family______ .
a don’t enjoy telling stories
b talk about the same things as women 
c try to talk about things that interest them
4 Skylar______ .
a still paints, but just as a free-time activity 
b paints very well
c now does other things in her free time
5 It annoys Cristina when people______ .
a check their phones for the time
b don’t interact with you while they're on the phone 
c use their phones when they are having dinner
Do the tasks with a partner. Check ( / ) the box if you 
can do them.
Can you...?
1 F?] compare different methods of public transportation
in your town / country
2 Q agree or disagree with this statement, and say why:
All towns and cities should have a lot more bicycle lanes.
3 FZ1 talk about typical stereotypes about men and
women, and say if you think they are true
4 ^ describe something you would like to be able to do,
but have never been able to
5 Ld talk about things that are / aren't good manners in
your country if you are staying with someone as a 
guest, and what you think is the right thing to do
Short movies Citi bikes 
v id e o Watch and enjoy the movie.
C A N Y O U S A Y T H IS IN EN G LIS H ?
G past tenses: simple, continuous, perfect 
V sports
P hr! and /or/
5A Sports superstitions
Why did 
he lose the 
match?
Because he 
wasn't feeling 
very well in 
the last set.
1 V O C A B U L A R Y sports 3 S P E A K IN G
a Take the quiz in small groups.
SPORTS QUIZ
What sport do you associate with...?
b > - p . l5 7 Vocabulary Bank Sports.
2 P R O N U N C IA T IO N hr/ and /or/
a Write the words in the correct column. Be careful 
with or (there are two possible pronunciations).
court four girl hurt score serve shirt 
shorts sport warmup world worse workout
b 3 6))) Listen and check.
c >• p.166 Sound Bank. Look at the typical spellings 
o f these sounds.
d 3 7))) Listen and write six sentences.
In pairs, interview your partner about sports using the 
questionnaire. Ask for more information.
What sports! 
do /did you 
have to play at 
school?
Do / Did 
you enjoy 
it?
How 
often do 
you play 
sports?
What 
sport(s) 
do you 
play?
Have you 
ever won 
a cup or a 
trophy?
Do you think 
that there are 
good sports 
facilities in your 
town?
Do you think 
physical education 
should be optional 
or required at 
school?
Do you think 
there is too much 
(or not enough) 
sports on TV?
Do you 
like sports?
NO YES
Do you do 
any kind of 
exercise?
1 Do you think 
you’re in shape? 
Would you like 
to get in better 
shape?
Have you 
ever been 
[injured playing 
sports?
Do you 
prefer 
playing sports 
or watching 
sports?
How many hours 
do you spend a 
week watching 
sports on TV?
Is there 
any sport 
you don’t mind 
watching on 
TV?
Do your 
family and 
friends like 
sports?
What 
sport(s) do you 
hate watching 
on TV?
Have you 
ever found a 
sports event 
exciting?
What’s the 
most exciting 
sports event 
you have been 
to?
Do you 
go to watch 
a local sports 
team?
4 R E A D IN G
a Do you know o f any sports players who are 
superstitious? What do they do?
b Read an article about sports superstitions and 
complete it with A-F.
A It is not only the players who are superstitious 
B A good example is Serena Williams 
C Superstitions and rituals are very common among fans 
D After my wife had left the room, Murray lost the 
fourth set
E The superstitions and rituals are not confined 
to the court
F Tennis players-are-strartge-people
c Read the article again. W ho does the article say 
are superstitious: sports players, sports fans, TV 
spectators, or all o f them?
d Underline five words or phrases you want to remember 
from the article.
e Look at the photos o f four more famous sports people 
who are superstitious. Do you know what any o f their 
superstitions are or were?
f > - Communication Other sp orts superstitions 
A p.104 B p.108. Read and tell each other about the 
people in the photos.
g Do y ou have any superstitions, e.g., when you are 
playing or watching sports, or before an exam?
If I bounce the ball five times...
F-
E
MATTHEW SYED writes about 
sports superstitions
1 Tennis players are strange people. Have you noticed how they always ask for 
three balls instead of two; how they 
bounce the ball the same number of 
times before serving, as if any change 
from their routine might result in 
disaster?
________________ , the number
1 female tennis player. When she 
was once asked why she had played 
so badly at the French Open she 
answered, “I didn't tie my shoe laces 
right, and I didn't bounce the ball five 
times, and I didn’t bring my shower 
sandals to the court with me. I didn't 
have my extra dress. I just knew it was 
fate; it wasn’t going to happen.”
________________ . Goran Ivanisevic,
Wimbledon champion in 2001, was 
convinced that if he won a match, he 
had to repeat everything he did the 
previous day, such as eating the same 
food at the same restaurant, talking 
to the same people, and watching the 
same TV shows. One year this meant 
that he had to watch Teletubbies 
every morning during his Wimbledon 
campaign. “Sometimes it got very 
boring/’ he said.
________________ . As we were
watching tennis player Andy Murray 
play the fourth set at Wimbledon, my 
wife suddenly got up and went to the 
kitchen. “He keeps losing games when 
I’m in the room/' she said. “If I go out 
now, he’ll win.”
________________ . Last year, a
survey of British soccer supporters 
found that 21 percent had a lucky 
charm (anything from a scarf 
to a lucky coin), while another 
questionnaire revealed that 
70 percent of Spanish soccer fans 
performed pre-match rituals (like 
wearing “ lucky” clothes, eating the 
same food or drink, or watching 
games with the same people).
________________ . Shereturned, £0)
and he won the fifth. I laughed at §-
her, and then remembered my soccer 
team, Spurs, who were losing 1-0 in 
the Carling Cup. "If I leave the room 
now, Spurs will score/’ I told my kids, 
after 27 minutes of overtime. I left the 
room and they scored. Twice.
Glossary
Teletubbies a television series for 
very young children 
Spurs Tottenham Hotspur, a London 
soccer team
5 L IS T E N IN G
a In your country, are referees a) well-paid b) respected c) unpopular? 
Why do you think somebody would want to become a referee?
b 3 8))) You’re going to hear an interview with an ex-Champions 
League soccer referee from Spain. Listen to P art 1 and choose a, 
b, or c.
1 Why did he become a referee? 
a His father was a referee.
b He liked sports, but wasn't good at them, 
c He was always attracted by the idea.
2 What was the most exciting game he ever refereed? 
a His first professional game.
b He can't choose just one. 
c Real Madrid against Barcelona.
3 The worst experience he ever had as a referee was when_______
attacked him.
a a player b a woman c a child
4 Why does he think there is more cheating in soccer today? 
a Because soccer is big business.
b Because the referees are worse, 
c Because soccer players are better at cheating.
5 How does he say soccer players often cheat?
a They fall over when no one has touched them, 
b They accept money to lose games, 
c They touch the ball with their hands.
c 3 9))) Now listen to P a rt 2 . Complete the sentences with one to 
three words.
1 The most difficult thing for him about being a referee is making 
 during a game.
2 One o f the reasons why it’s difficult is because soccer today is
so_________________ .
3 Making correct decisions often depends on the referee’s
interpretation o f_________________ .
4 He thinks that players who cheat are still_________________ .
5 A study that was done on Leo Messi shows that he can run
exceptionally fast_________________ .
6 He thinks Messi isn't the_________________ soccer player.
d Do you agree with the referee that there is more cheating in 
soccer than before? Is it true in other sports as well? Would you 
like to be a sports referee (or umpire)? Why (not)?
6 G R A M M A R past tenses: simple, 
continuous, perfect
a In your country, is cheating considered a 
serious problem in sports? In what sports 
do you think cheating is most common? 
What kinds o f things do people do when 
they cheat?
b Read Taking a Short Cut about a marathon 
runner who cheated. How did she cheat?
c Look at the highlighted verbs in the text. 
W hich o f them are used for...?
1 a completed action in the past
2 an action that happened before the past time 
we are talking about
3 an action in progress (or not) at a particular 
moment in the past
d > - p.140 Grammar Bank 5A. Learn more 
about past tenses and practice them.
e Read The Hand o f God? and complete it 
with the verbs in the right tenses.
46 5A
7 S P E A K IN G
Famous (cheating) 
moments in sports
Although it isn’t true that everybody 
in sports cheats, it is certainly true that 
there are cheaters in every sport...
Taking a short cut
O
n A p r i l 2 1 ,1 9 8 0 ,2 3 -y e a r -o ld R o s ie 
R u iz w as th e f ir s t w o m a n to c r o s s th e 
f in is h l in e a t th e B o s to n M a ra th o n .
S h e f in is h e d th e ra c e in th e th ir d - f a s te s t t im e 
fo r a fe m a le ru n n e r (tw o h o u rs , 31 m in u te s ,
5 6 se co n d s ) . B u t w hen th e o rg a n iz e r s 
c o n g ra tu la te d R o s ie a f te r th e ra ce , th e y w e re 
s u rp r is e d b e c a u se sh e w a s n ’t s w e a t in g v e ry 
m u ch . S o m e s p e c ta to r s w h o w e re w a tc h in g 
th e ra ce to ld th e m w h a t h a d re a lly h a p p e n e d . 
D u r in g th e la s t h a lf m ile , R o s ie s u d d e n ly 
ju m p e d o u t o f th e c ro w d a n d s p r in te d to 
th e f in is h lin e . T h e m a ra th o n o rg a n iz e rs 
to o k R u iz 's t i t le a w a y an d a w a rd e d i t to th e 
r e a l w in n e r, J a c q u e lin e G a re a u . It w a s la te r 
d is c o v e re d th a t th re e m o n th s e a r lie r , R o s ie had 
a ls o c h e a te d in th e N ew Y o rk C it y M a ra th o n 
w h e re sh e had ta k e n th e subw ay !
The hand of God?
I
t w a s Ju n e 2 2 ,1 9 8 6 . A rg e n t in a
tw os p la y in g (p la y ) E n g la n d in th e q u a r te r ­
f in a ls o f th e W o r ld C u p , a n d b o th te a m s
2_________ (p la y ) w e ll. T h e s c o re 3__________ (be)
0 - 0 . In th e 5 1 s t m in u te , th e A rg e n t in ia n
c a p ta in , D ie g o M a ra d o n a , 4_________ (sco re ) a
g o a l. T h e E n g lis h p la y e rs 5_________ (p ro te s t) ,
b u t th e re fe re e 6__________(g ive ) th e g o a l.
H ow eve r, T V c a m e ra s sh o w e d th a t M a ra d o n a
7_________ (sco re ) th e g o a l w ith h is hand !
M a ra d o n a e__________ (say) th e n e x t d a y “ It w as
p a r t ly th e h a n d o f M a ra d o n a , a n d p a r t ly th e 
h a n d o f G o d .”
L a te r in th e g a m e , M a ra d o n a 9_________ (sco re )
a n o th e r g o a l, an d A rg e n t in a 10__________ (w in)
th e g a m e 2 -1 . T h e y w e n t on to w in th e 
W o r ld C up .
a You are going to tell your partner two 
anecdotes. Choose two o f the topics below 
and plan what you are going to say. Ask your 
teacher for any words you need.
TELL YOUR PARTNER ABOUT...
• a time you cheated (in a sport/game 
or on an exam)
When and where did this happen? What were 
you doing? Why did you cheat? What happened in 
the end?
• a really exciting sports event you saw
Where and when was it? Who was 
playing?
What happened? Why was it so 
exciting?
• a time you had an accident or 
got a sports injury
When and where did this happen? 
What were you doing? How did the accident 
happen? What part o f your body did you hurt? 
What happened next? How long did it take you 
to recover?
• a time you got lost
Where were you going? How were 
you traveling? Why did you get lost? 
What happened in the end?
b Work with a partner. Tell each other your 
two stories. Give as much detail as you can.
• a time you saw or met a celebrity
When was this? Where were you? Who were 
you with? What was the celebrity doing? 
What was he / she wearing? Did you speak to 
him / her? What happened in the end?
P Starting an anecdote
I'm going to tell you about a time when... 
This happened a few years ago...
When I was younger...
8 W R IT IN G
> - p.116 Writing T e llin g a s to r y . Write a story about something 
that happened to you.
9 3 14))) S O N G We Are the Champions
Online Practice 5A 47
G usually and used to 
V relationships 
P linking, the le tte r s
Love at Exit 19
How do
you usually get 
to work?
I used to 
take the bus, 
but now I ride 
my bike.
1
a
b
Love at Exit 19
R E A D IN G
How do you think people usually meet friends and 
partners nowadays? Number the phrases 1-5 
(1 = the most popular). Then compare with a partner. 
Do you agree?
A D at work 
b n at school or college 
c D on the Internet (e.g., on forums, on social 
networking sites, etc.) 
d D in a cafe, dub, etc.
E ŋ through friends
3 15))) Read and listen to an article about Sonya Baker 
and Michael Fazio. Why did their relationship almost 
never happen?
He was a tollbooth collector, and she was a soprano who sang 
in Carnegie Hall. Their eyes met at Exit 19 of the New York State 
Thruway, when he charged her 3?ct. The romance that followed 
was even less likely than the plot of an opera!
Sonya Baker was a frequent commuter from her home in the suburbs to New York City. One day, when she was driving to an audition,she came offtheThruway and stopped atthe 
tollbooth where Michael Fazio was working. She talked with him as 
she paid to go through, and thought he was cute. Forthe next three 
months, they used to exchange a few words 
as she handed him the money, and he raised 
the barrier to let her pass. “It was mostly 
‘What are you doing today? Where are 
you going?”' she said. They learned more 
about each other, for example that Sonya 
loved Puccini and Verdi, while Michael’s 
love was the New York Yankees. But their 
conversations suddenly came to an end when 
Michael changed his working hours. “He used 
to work during the day/’ said Sonya, “but he 
changed to night shifts/'Although Michael still 
looked out for Sonya’s white Toyota Corolla, he 
did not see her again for six months.
When Michael's working hours changed back 
to the day shift, he decided to put a traffic
cone in front of his lane. He thought, “It will be like putting a candle 
in a window.” Sonya saw it, and their romance started up again. “I 
almost crashed my car on various occasions,” she said, “trying to 
cross several lanes to get to his exit/’ Finally, she found the courage 
to give Michael a piece of paper with her phone number as she 
passed through the toll. Michael called her and for their first date 
they went to see the movie Cool Runnings, and then later they 
went to an opera, La Boheme, and to a Yankees game.
They are now married and living in Kentucky, where Sonya is a 
voice and music professor at Murray State 
College and Michael runs an activity center 
at a nursing home. It turned out that she had 
given him her number just in time. A short 
while later, she moved to New Jersey and 
stopped usingthe New York State Thruway. “I 
might never have seen him again,” she said.
Glossary
a tollbooth a small building by the side of a road 
where you pay money to use the road 
Carnegie Hall a famous concert hall in New York 
City
New York State Thruway a road
New York Yankees a baseball team based in the
Bronx in New York City
a traffic cone a plastic object, often orange and 
white, used to show where vehicles can or can’t go
A
d
ap
te
d
 fr
om
 T
he
 T
im
es
48
a D Michael changed his working hours.
B □ Michael tried to find Sonya.
C LH They got married.
D □ Sonya moved to New Jersey.
E Ld Sonya gave Michael her phone number.
F □ Michael changed his working hours again. 
G CD Sonya talked with Michael.
H Ld They stopped seeing each other.
I □ They had their first date.
J I 1 Sonya and Michael moved to Kentucky.
b 3/16))) Listen to four people talking about where they met their 
partner. Match each one with a place from la .
Speaker 1 LH Speaker 2 LH Speaker 3 L j Speaker 4 LD
c Listen to each story again and take notes on how the people 
met. Compare your notes with your partner and listen again if 
necessary. Which meeting do you think was the most romantic?
d Look at two extracts from the listening. Answer the questions 
with a partner.
We used to go to clubs together on Saturday night.
It used to be difficult to meet people.
1 When do we use used to? How do you make negatives and 
questions?
2 How would you change these sentences (using usually) if you 
wanted to talk about present habits or situations?
e >• p.141 Grammar Bank 5B. Learn more about usually and used 
to, and practice them.
3 P R O N U N C IA T IO N & 
S P E A K IN G linking
^ 3 used to
Remember that used to and use to are usually 
linked and pronounced /'yusta/.
a 318))) Listen and repeat the sentences. 
Copy the linking and the sentence rhythm.
ı ı usedjo livejn Los Angeles.
2 she didn’t ussjo wear glasses.
3 Where did you usqjo work before?
4 They usecjjo see eachj)theua lot.
5 Didn’t you usqjo haveja beard?
b In pairs, tell each other about three o f the 
following. Give as much information as you 
can. How do you feel about these people and 
things now?
Is there...
• a kind of food or 
drink you didn't 
use to like at all, but 
that you now like?
• a TV series you used to 
be addicted to?
Why did you like it?
• a singer or a kind o f music you used 
to listen to a lot (but don’t anymore)?
• a sport or game you used to play a lot, but
that you’ve given up?
• a place you used to go
during summer vacation, 
and that you’d like to go 
back to?
• a machine or 
gadget you used 
to use a lot, 
but that is 
now out of 
date?
I used to hate most vegetables, especially 
spinach and cauliflower, but now I love them 
and usually eat a lot o f vegetables every day...
Online Practice 5B 49
c Read the article again and number the events in the order 
they happened.
d Read the article again and look at the highlighted words and
phrases. Try to figure out what they mean. Then match them with 
1-10 below.
1 __________ a period of time worked by a group of workers
2 __________ a person who travels into a city to work every day
3 __________ attractive, good-looking
4 __________ what had happened was
5 __________ manages
6 __________ probable
7 __________ something that is used to give light, made of wax
8 __________ have short conversations
9 __________ they looked at each other romantically
10 __________ was brave enough
2 G R A M M A R usually and used to
a Think o f a couple you know well, e.g., your parents or friends. 
How did they meet? Do you know any couples who met under 
unusual circumstances?
4 V O C A B U L A R Y relationships
a Explain the difference between these pairs o f phrases.
1 to meet somebody and to know somebody
2 a colleague and a friend
3 to argue with somebody and to discuss something 
with somebody
b > • p.158 Vocabulary Bank Relationships.
c Think o f one o f your close friends. In pairs, ask and 
answer the questions.
How long have you known him / her? 
Where did you meet?
Why do you get along well?
What do you have in common?
Do you ever argue? What about?
How often do you see each other?
How do you keep in touch?
Have you ever lost touch? Why? When? 
Do you think you’ll stay friends?
5 P R O N U N C IA T IO N
the letter s
a 3 21))) Listen to the words in the list.
How is the s (or se) pronounced? Write them 
in the correct columns.
busy close (adj) close (verb) conversation decision 
discuss eyes friends lose music pleasure 
promise raise school somebody sport sugar 
summer sure unusual used to usually various
b
c
3 22))) Listen and check.
Answer with a partner.
1 How is s usually pronounced at the beginning of a 
word? What are the two exceptions?
2 What two ways can s (or es) be pronounced at the end 
of a word?
3 How is s pronounced in -sion?
6
a
L IS T E N IN G
Talk to a partner. Do you think the following are T (true) or 
F (false)?
1 22-year-olds have an average o f 1,000 friends.
2 Men have more online friends than women.
3 People who spend a lot of time on Facebook become more 
dissatisfied with their own lives.
3 23))) Listen to the introduction to a radio program. 
According to research, are 1-3 in a true or false?
7 S P E A K IN G
Read sentences A -F below. Check ( / ) the 
ones you agree with and put an / next to the 
ones you don’t agree with. Think about your 
reasons.
c 3 24))) Listen to four people who call the program, Young,
Beth, Emma, and Ned. W ho is the most positive about Facebook? 
W ho is the most negative?
d Listen again. Answer with Young, Beth, Em m a, or Ned.
Which caller...?
1 L J does not want to share personal information with strangers
2 LH has fewer Facebook friends than he / she used to have
3 L J has over a thousand friends
4 Q J uses it to keep in touch with friends who don’t live close by
5 L J thinks people use Facebook to give themselves more
importance
6 [__j used to use Facebook more than he / she does now'
7 Q uses Facebook instead of calling
8 [__I does not use social networking sites
e Do you use Facebook or any other social networking sites? Do 
you agree with anything the speakers said?
A □ You can only have tw o or three 
close friends.
B Ld Nowadays people are in touch 
w ith more people bu t have fewer 
close friends.
C □ Men keep the ir friends longer 
than women.
D P ] You should never criticize your 
friend's partner.
E rUYou should never lend money to a 
friend (or borrow money).
f D It's impossible to stay good friends 
w ith an ex-partner.
b In groups, compare opinions. Try to give 
real examples from your own experience or 
o f people you know. Use the phrases below 
to help you.
P Giving examples
For example, I have a friend who I’ve known 
since I was five years old...
For instance, I once lent some money to a 
cousin...
Online Practice 5B 51
Practical English Old friends
■ < J E N N Y H A S CO FFEE W IT H A 
FR IEN D
a 3 25))) Watch or listen to Jenny and Monica. W hat’s 
Monica’s news?
2 ■ < P E R M IS S IO N A N D R E Q U E S TS
a 3 26))) Watch or listen. W hat two favors does Rob 
ask Jenny?
b Watch or listen again. Mark the sentences T (true) or 
F (false). Correct the F sentences.
1 Rob orders a cappuccino.
2 Rob says Monica looks different from her photos.
3 Monica gets a good impression of Rob.
4 Monica leaves because she has to go to work.
5 Jenny says that most of their friends are in serious 
relationships.
6 Paul is going to stay for two weeks.
7 Paul used to be very quiet when they were younger.
8 jenny is excited to meet Paul.
b Watch or listen again and answer the questions.
1 Who's Scott?
2 When did they get engaged?
3 Who has Monica told the news to?
4 What did she use to do a lot at night? What does she 
do now?
5 Who’s going to organize the wedding?
6 What does jenny tell Monica about her relationship 
with Rob?
7 What does Monica think about Rob being British?
52
c 3 27))) Look at some extracts from the 
conversation. Can you remember any o f the 
missing words? Watch or listen and check. 
Asking permission
1 Rob Do you________ if I join you?
Monica O f________ not. Come on, sit
down.
2 Rob Is i t ________ if we change our
plans a bit this week?
Jenny Uh...sure.
Requests: asking someone to do something
1 Rob ________ you pass the sugar?
Jenny ________ .
2 Rob Could you do me a big________ ?
I have to work late this evening,
so... would you mind________ him
at the airport?
Jenny ________ at all. I'd like to meet him.
3 Rob And do you think you________
take him to my flat? I'll give you 
the keys.
Jenny No________ , Rob.
d Look at the highlighted phrases and answer 
the questions.
1 How do you respond to Do you mind if...? 
and Would you mind...? when you mean OK, 
no problem?
2 Which two forms of request should you rise 
if you want to be very polite or are asking a 
very big favor?
e 3 28)}) Watch or listen and repeat the 
highlighted phrases. Copy the rhythm 
and intonation.
f Practice the dialogues in c with a partner.
g mm > - Communication Could you do m e a
favor? p.105.
PAUL A R R IV E S
a 3 29))) Watch or listen. How do Rob and Jenny feel about 
Paul’s arrival?
b Watch or listen again and (circle) the right answer.
1 Paul’s appearance has changed a lot / hasn’t changed much.
2 His flight was on time / late.
3 On the trip from the airport Paul talked a lot about himself / asked 
Jenny a lot o f personal questions.
4 Rob suggests eating in / eating out.
5 Paul feels exhausted / fu ll o f energy.
6 Jenny feels like / doesn’t fe e l like going out.
c Look at the Social English phrases. Can you remember any of 
the missing words?
d 3 30))) Watch or listen and complete the phrases.
e Watch or listen again and repeat the phrases. How do you say 
them in your language?
Can you...?
use different expressions to ask permission to 
do something and respond
use different expressions to ask another person 
to do something and respond
greet someone you haven't seen for a long time
Online Practice 53
VIDEO
3
Social English phrases
Paul Hey !
Paul It’s to see you. mate.
Rob How you're so late?
Paul No , man!
Jenny Rob, 1 think I’ll go home if you don’t
Rob Just like the old !
Paul Rob. we’ve got a lot to talk !
Communication
P E I H O W A W FU Li H O W F A N T A S T IC ! Student A
a Read your sentences 1-9 to B. B must react with a phrase, e.g., 
You’re kidding, Oh, no!, etc.
1 I collect funny salt-and-pepper shakers.
2 I spilled some coffee on my laptop last night, and now it 
doesn't work.
3 I'm going to New York City next weekend.
4 Someone stole my bike yesterday.
5 My dog can open the kitchen door by itself.
6 My father's going to be interviewed on TV tomorrow.
7 My grandmother just bought a sports car.
8 My parents met when they were only 15.
9 I just won $2,000 in the lottery!
b Listen to B ’s sentences and react with a phrase.
c Tell B some real (or invented) news about you for B to react.
React to B ’s news.
5 A O T H E R S P O R TS S U P E R S T IT IO N S Student A
a Read about Sydney Crosby and Kolo Toure.
SIDNEY CROSB' never calls his mother 
on a game day, even if it’s her birthday. He 
believes that he gets injured on the days he 
calls his mother before a game.
When COLO TOUR1 played for Arsenal, 
he always insisted on being the last player to 
leave the dressing room after the half-time 
break. This was never usually a problem. 
However, in one game when William Gallas, 
his teammate, was injured and needed 
treatment at half-time during a match,
Toure stayed in the dressing room until 
Gallas had been treated. This meant that 
Arsenal had to start the second half with 
only nine players.
b Now cover the text and tell B about their superstitions from 
memory.
c Listen to B telling you about Jason Terry and Alexander Wurz’s 
superstitions.
d Together decide which superstition you think is a) the strangest 
b) the most impractical.
104
2B A R E Y O U H U N G R Y ?
Student A
a Ask B your questions. He / She responds 
with the phrase in parentheses.
1 Is the water cold? (Yes, it’s freezing.)
2 Was the movie good? (Yes, it was fantastic.)
3 Were you tired after the exam? (Yes, I was 
exhausted.)
4 Was the room dirty? (Yes, it was filthy.)
5 Is it a big house? (Yes, it's enormous.)
6 Were you surprised? (Yes, I was amazed.)
7 Are you sure? (Yes, I’m positive.)
b Respond to B ’s questions. Say Yes, it’s . .. / 
I ’m ..., etc. + the strong form o f the adjective 
that B used in the question. Remember to 
stress the strong adjective.
Are you afraid o f flying? Yes, I’m terrified.
c Repeat the exercise. Try to respond as 
quickly as possible.
3 A I’M A T O U R IS T - C A N Y O U 
H ELP M E? Student A
a Think o f the town / city where you are, 
or the nearest big town. You are a foreign 
tourist, and you are planning to get 
around using public transportation. Ask B 
questions 1-5 . Get as much information 
from B as you can.
1 What kind of public transportation is there?
2 What’s the best way for me to get around 
the city?
3 Can I rent a bike? Are there any bicycle lanes?
4 Is it easy to find taxis? How expensive 
are they?
5 What’s the best way to get to the airport 
from the center of town? How long does 
it take?
b Switch roles. B is a foreign tourist in the 
town who has rented a car. You live in the 
town. Answer B ’s questions and give as 
much information as you can.
4 A G U E S S T H E S E N T E N C E Student A
a Look at sentences 1 -6 and think o f the correct form of 
be able to + a verb. D on’t w rite anything yet!
b Read your sentence 1 to B. If it isn't right, try again 
until B tells you, “That’s right.” Then write it.
Continue with 2 -6 .
c Now listen to B say sentence 7. I f it's the same as your 
sentence 7 below, say “That’s right.” I f not, say “Try 
again” until B gets it right. Continue with 8 -1 2 .
7 It must be great to be able to speak a lot of languages.
8 I won't be able to see you tonight. I'm too busy.
9 My grandmother can’t walk very well, but luckily we 
were able to park just outside the restaurant.
10 They haven’t been able to find an apartment yet. 
They're still looking.
11 You should be able to do this exercise. It’s very easy.
12 We really enjoy being able to eat outside in the summer.
P E 3 C O U LD Y O U DO M E A FAVOR?
Students A+B
a Look at the verb phrases below. Choose two things youwould like somebody to do for you. Think about any 
details, e.g., what kind o f dog it is, how much money 
you need, etc.
• take care o f (your children, your dog for the weekend, 
your apartment while you're away, etc.)
• lend you (some money, their car, etc.)
• give you a ride (home, to the mall, etc.)
• help you (with a problem, with your homework, to 
paint your apartment, to choose some new clothes, etc.)
b Ask as many other students as possible. Be polite 
(C ouldyou do me a big favor? Would you mind. ..? Do 
you thinkyou cou ld ...?) and explain why you want the 
favor. How many people agree to help you?
4 B T H E BIG D AY Students A+B
Read a newspaper article about what happened at Heidi 
and Freddie’s wedding. Do you think they behaved well or 
badly? Why?
News online
Two sides to every story 
What happened next...
By NEWS ONLINE Reporter
Y esterday Heidi Withers married Freddie Bourne in a $40,000 ceremony at St. Mary the Virgin Church. It was followed by a reception at a 
900-year-old castle. However, there was no sign of 
Carolyn, Freddie's stepmother, the woman who was 
ridiculed for the email she sent Heidi. She and her 
husband Edward, Freddie’s father, were not invited.
Heidi arrived almost 25 minutes late for the ceremony, 
which was due to begin at 2:45 p.m. Perhaps, as 
Carolyn suggested was her habit, she had been in bed 
until the last possible minute. She arrived at the church 
with security guards holding umbrellas to prevent 
onlookers from seeing her, and with her head covered. 
This is a well-known tactic for celebrities, but for a 
29-year-old secretary it seemed, in the words of one 
onlooker, “a bit ridiculous.”
Edward and Carolyn admitted to being disappointed at 
not receiving an invitation. They spent the weekend on 
vacation with friends. They have had no contact with 
the couple since the saga began, and did not even 
know the date of the wedding.
Communication 105
1 I’m sorry I won’t _____________________ to your
party next weekend.
2 It was August, but we_____________________ a hotel
without any problems.
3 I used to ___________ a little Japanese, but I can't now.
4 I love__________________ in bed late on the weekend.
5 Will you________________the work before Saturday?
6 I’ve never_______________________________fish well.
Communication
5 A O TH E R S P O R TS S U P E R S T IT IO N S
Student B
a Read about Jason Terry and Alexander Wurz.
JASON TERRY, an American basketball player, 
wears the colors of his team's opponents the night 
before a game. If the team he’s playing the next day 
wears black and white, then Terry wears black and 
white to bed the night before. He’s been doing this 
since his playing days in college.
ALEXANDER WURZ. an Austrian racing driver, 
used to race with odd-colored shoes, the left one red 
and the right one blue. It came about when he lost 
a shoe before a big race and had to borrow one of a 
different color. After winning the race, he decided it 
was a lucky omen.
b Now listen to A telling you about Sydney Crosby 
and Kolo Toure’s superstitions.
c Cover the text and tell B about Jason Terry and 
Alexander Wurz’s superstitions from memory.
I B P E R S O N A L IT Y Students A+B
Read the explanation and compare with a partner. Do you 
agree with your results?
The activity you have just done is a personality test. The first 
adjective you wrote down is how you see yourself, the second 
is how other people see you, and the third is what you are 
really like.
2 A S P E N D E R OR S A V ER ? Students A+B
Check your results. Then compare with a partner. Do you 
agree with your results?
M ostly a answers
You can't be trusted with your own money! You definitely need 
someone to help you to manage your finances better. Why not 
speak to an organized friend about how to plan? This will help 
you to make your money go further and stop you from getting 
into debt.
M ostly b answers
Although you understand how to manage your money, 
sometimes you need to be a little more organized. Try setting 
yourself a weekly or monthly budget, and then stick to it. You 
will then know how much money you have, what you spend it 
on, and how much you can save.
M ostly c answers
Congratulations! It sounds like you really know what you are 
doing when it comes to managing your money. You know 
how important it is to keep track of your spending and are 
responsible with your money.
d Together decide which superstition you think is 
a) the strangest b) the most impractical.
108
P E I H O W A W FU L! H O W 3 A I’M A TO U R IS T - C A N Y O U HELP ME?
F A N T A S T IC ! Student B Student B
a Listen to A’s sentences and react with a a
phrase, e.g., You’re kidding, Oh, no!, etc.
b Read your sentences 1 -9 for A to react.
1 I failed my driving test yesterday.
2 I lost my wallet on the way to class.
3 I met George Clooney at a party last week.
4 I think I saw a ghost last night.
5 I won a salsa competition last weekend.
6 I'm going to be on a new edition of 
Big Brother.
7 My dog died yesterday.
8 My grandfather has a black belt in karate.
9 My uncle is 104.
c Tell A some real (or invented) news about 
you for A to react. React to A’s news.
Think o f the town / city where you are, or the nearest big town.
A is a foreign tourist who is planning to get around using public 
transportation. You live in the town. Answer A’s questions and 
give as much information as you can.
Switch roles. You are a foreign tourist in the town. You have 
rented a car. Ask A questions 1 -5 . Get as much information from 
A as you can.
1 What time is rush hour in this town?
2 Where are there usually traffic jams?
3 What’s the speed limit in the town? Are there speed cameras 
anywhere?
4 What will happen if I park somewhere illegal?
5 Where’s the nearest tourist attraction outside the city? How long 
does it take to drive there from here?
4 A G U E S S T H E S E N TE N C E
2 B ARE YO U H U N G R Y? Student B Student B
a Respond to A's questions. Say Yes, it’s . .. / 
I ’m ..., etc. + the strong form o f the adjective 
that A used in the question. Remember to 
stress the strong adjective.
Is the water cole1?^) (^Yes, it’s freezing.
b Ask A your questions. He / She responds 
with the phrase in parentheses.
1 Are you afraid of flying? (Yes, I’m terrified.)
2 Is the soup hot? (Yes, it’s boiling.)
3 Was the teacher angry? (Yes, he / she was 
furious.)
4 Is the bedroom small? (Yes, it’s tiny.)
5 Are the children hungry? (Yes, they’re 
starving.)
6 Is the chocolate cake good? (Yes, it’s 
delicious.)
7 Was she happy with the present? (Yes, she 
was excited.)
c Repeat the exercise. Try to respond as 
quickly as possible.
a Look at sentences 7 -1 2 and think of the correct form of 
be able to + a base form verb. D on’t w rite anything yet!
7 It must be great to _________________ a lot of languages.
8 I won't_________________ you tonight. I'm too busy.
9 My grandmother can't walk very well, but luckily we 
 just outside the restaurant.
10 They haven't_________________ an apartment yet. They’r
looking.
11 You should_________________ this exercise. It’s very easy
12 We really enjoy_________________ outside in the summei
b Now listen to A say sentence 1. I f it’s the same as your sentence 
1 below, say “That’s right.” I f not, say “Try again” until A gets it 
right. Continue with 2 -6 .
1 I’m sorry I won’t be able to com e to your party next weekend.
2 It was August, but we were able to find a hotel without any 
problems.
3 I used to be able to understand a little Japanese, but I can’t now.
4 1 love being able to stay in bed late on the weekend.
5 Will you be able to finish the work before Saturday?
6 I’ve never been able to cook fish well.
c Read your sentence 7 to A. If it isn't right, try again until A tells 
you, “That’s right.” Then write it. Continue with 8 -1 2 .
Communication 109
Writing
1 A D E S C R IP T IO N O F A PER SO N
a Read the two Facebook messages once and answer the questions.1 Why has Angela written to Sofia?
2 Does Sofia recommend her friend to Angela?
& Messages
Angela Vernon 
Hi Sofia,
I hope you're well.
I'm looking for an au pair to look after Austin and Melissa, 
and I remembered your Peruvian friend Marisol, who I met 
last summer. She said she might be interested in working 
in the US as an au pair, so I thought I would write and ask 
her. The thing is, I don't really know her, so before I write 
and suggest it, could you tell me a little about her (age, 
personality, etc., and what she likes doing) so that I can see 
if she would f i t in with the family? Please be honest!
Angela
Sofia Lugo 
Hi Angela,
Marisol is one of my best friends, so of course I know her very 
well. She's 22, and she just graduated from college with a 
degree in economics, but she doesn't have a job yet, and I'm 
sure she would be jQt£jr££t£d in going to the US. Her parents 
are both doctors, and she has two younger brothers. She gets 
along very well with them, and they are a very close family.
Marisol's an intelligent girl and very hardworking. She can 
be really shy at first, but when she gets to know you she's 
incredibly friendly. She loves children - she often takes care 
of her brothers - so she has a lot of experience, and she's 
also very l^spf)rj$ahje.
In her free time she likes going to the movies, listening to 
music, and she's also very good atfo iogj^ghy-she always 
has her camera with her. She's really jcicl^p^ru^Qt and happy 
to do things on her own, so you won't have to worry about 
taking her to places.
The only problem with Marisol is that she's a little fQrggtfulL 
she sometimes loses things, like her keys, or her phone.
Also, to be honest her English isn't great, but I'm sure she'll 
improve very quickly. I think Austin and Melissa will love her.
I hope this helps! Let me know if you need anything else.
Love,
Sofia
b The computer has found fiyejjjjeJfilig, 
J33j t̂aisA§. it1 Sofia’s email. Can you 
correct them?
c Read both emails again. Then cover them 
and answer the questions from memory.
1 What five EE adjectives describe Marisol’s 
personality?
2 What does she like doing in her free time?
3 What negative things does Sofia say about 
Marisol?
4 Does Sofia think Marisol will get along 
with Angela’s family?
d Look at the highlighted expressions we use 
to modify adjectives. Put them in the correct 
place in the chart.
Marisol is very. forgetful.
P Useful language: describing a person
He’s really/ very, etc. + positive adjective 
(e.g., friendly, outgoing, etc.)
She's a little + negative adjective (e.g., messy, 
shy, etc.)
He likes/ loves/ doesn't mind + verb + -ing 
She's happy to + base form 
He’s good j with children
at making new friends
e Imagine you received Angela’s message asking 
about a friend of yours. W rite an email to 
answer it. Plan what you’re going to write 
using the paragraph headings below. Use 
the Useful language box and Vocabulary 
Bank Personality p. 153 to help you.
Paragraph 1 age, family, work / study
Paragraph 2 personality (good side)
Paragraph 3 hobbies and interests
Paragraph 4 any negative things?
f C heck your email for mistakes (grammar, 
vocabulary, punctuation, and spelling).
< p . U
2 A N IN F O R M A L EM A IL
a Marisol went to the US and stayed for six months 
with a couple, Angela and Matt, working as an 
au pair. After going back to Peru, she sent them 
an email. Look at the list o f things she says in her 
email. Number them in a logical order 1-6 .
] She promises to send some photos.
] She thanks them for her stay and says how 
much she enjoyed it.
I I She talks about what she’s been doing recently.
] She apologizes for not writing before.
I I She thanks them again and invites them to stay. 
] She talks about the nice things that happened 
when she was with them.
b Now read M arisol’s email and check your 
answers to a.
c Correct eight mistakes in the email (gl^JQtpEtr,
p^jia ji^tion, and Sfleilitig.)
O Useful language: informal emails 
Beginnings
Hi + name (or Dear + name if you want to be a little 
more formal)
Sorry for not writing sooner, but...
Thank you / Thanks [so much) for (your letter, 
having me to stay etc.)...
It was great to hear from you...
Endings
That’s all for now.
Hope to hear from you soon. / Looking forward to 
hearing from you soon.
0Give my) regards / love to...
Best wishes / Love (from)
P.S. (when you want to add a short message at the 
end of an email) I’ve attached a photo...
d Imagine you have some American friends in the 
US, and you stayed with them for a week last 
month. W rite an email to say thank you. Plan 
what you're going to say. Use 1 -6 in a and the 
U seful language box to help you.
e C heck your email for mistakes (grammar, 
vocabulary, punctuation, and spelling).
< p . 2 1
From: Marisol [marisol_new@gmail.com]
To: Angela [angelav1970@yahoo.com]
Subject: Thanks
Hi Angela,
I'm really sorry for not writing sooner, but L^m very busy since I 
got back!
Thanks for a wonderful six months. I loved being in Colorado, and 
I had a great time. I also think my english got a little better... dQrit 
you think?
It was so nice to take care of Austin and Melissa. I thought they 
were adorable, and I think we had a fantastic time together. I have 
really good memories - for example our travel to Denver and the 
amusement park there!
I've been a little stressed these last few weeks, because I've 
started working at a restaurant, while I look for a full-time job.
a waitress is very hard work, but I can now afford to rent an 
apartment with Sofia and two other friends, and I'm saving fQi 
iQ jjtly a car! I’ve also spent a lot of time with my family - my 
brothers have changed so much over the past six months!
I've had several jugagg^s from Austin and Melissa since I've 
been back! Please tell them from me that I miss them and that 
LgttQd them some photos very soon.
That's all for now. Thanks again for everything. And I hope you 
know you're welcome in Lima any time - my family would love to 
meet you. Summer here is usually beautiful.
Hope to hear from you soon. Give my regards to Matt!
Best wishes,
Marisol
P.S. I've attached a photo I took of me with the kids. I hope you 
like it!
Writing 114
mailto:marisol_new@gmail.com
mailto:angelav1970@yahoo.com
Writing
3 A N A R TIC LE FOR A M A G A Z IN E
a Look at the four forms o f public transportation in New 
York City. W hich one do you think is probably...?
• the least expensive
• the healthiest
• the best if you want to see the sights of New York City
• the safest to use at night
b Read an article from an online magazine for foreign 
students about public transportation in New York 
City and check your answers to a. Then answer these 
questions from memory.
1 What can you use a MetroCard for?
2 What kind of money do you have to use if you want to 
pay cash to ride a New York City bus?
3 What’s the difference between a taxi and car service?
c Read the article again and fill in the blanks with a 
preposition from the list.
around at in next to on (x2) on the top of with
O Useful language: transportation in your town
You can buy MetroCards at many places in New York City. 
You need a ticket or card before you get on the subway. 
(You = people in general)
Comparatives and superlatives:
Buses aren’t as quick as trains.
Riding a bike is the cheapest way to get around.
d W rite an article about transportation in your nearest 
town or city for foreign students. P lan what headings 
you're going to use and what to say about each form o f 
transportation.
e C h eck your article for mistakes (grammar, 
vocabulary, punctuation, and spelling).
< p .2 7
Transportation 
in New York City
The Subway This is the quickest way to g e t1around 
the city, and there are many subway stations a ll over New 
York City. The cheapest way to use the subway is to get a 
MetroCard. This is Like a phone card. You put money on 
it, and you can add more when you need to. Then youuse
it every time you g e t2________ the subway. You can buy
MetroCards at subway stations, newsstands, and even 
from your employer.
Buses They can be quicker than the subway if there 
isn't too much traffic. The easiest way to use the buses, 
Like the subway, is to just use your MetroCard. You can
buy a single-ride ticket from machines 3________ some,
but not a ll bus stops. You can also pay cash (but
no pennies and no paper money) when you g e t4________
the bus. Traveling 5________ a private double-decker
bus is also a good way to see New York City.
Bikes Bikes are starting to become more popular in
New York City, especially 6________ tourists and people
who want to travel to parts o f the city. Like the waterfront 
areas, where subways don't usually go. One o f the 
newest bike-share programs is called C iti Bike. When you 
rent a bike from C iti Bike, you get a key that Looks Like a 
flash drive. You can use the key at any Citi Bike kiosk and 
get a bike to ride fo r the day.
Taxis and Car Service New York C ity's ye llow 
taxis are expensive, but they are comfortable, and the 
taxi drivers know shortcuts through the city to get you 
to places quickly. You usually te l l the driver where you
want to go when you g e t7________ the taxi. Car service
is made up o f normal cars that work fo r a company, and 
you have to ca ll them ahead o f tim e to pick you up. They 
are more expensive than taxis. Taxis and car service are 
probably the safest way to travel Late8________ night.
subway double-decker bus j
taxibike
4 TE LLIN G A S T O R Y
DISASTROUS TRIPS!a A magazine asked its readers to send in 
stories o f a time they got lost. Read the story 
once. Why did Bethany and her husband get 
lost? What else went wrong?
b Read the story again and complete it with a 
connecting word or phrase from the list.
although as soon as because but 
instead of so then when
P Useful language: getting lost
We were going in the wrong direction.
We took the wrong exit / turn.
We turned right instead o f left.
We didn't know where we were.
We had to turn around and go back in the 
opposite direction.
c W rite about a trip where you got lost 
(or invent one) to send to the magazine. 
P lan what you’re going to write using the 
paragraph headings below. Use the U sefu l 
language to help you.
Paragraph 1 When was the journey? Where 
were you going? Who with? 
Why?
Paragraph 2 How did you get lost? What 
happened?
Paragraph 3 What happened in the end?
d C h eck your story for mistakes (grammar, 
vocabulary, punctuation, and spelling).
< p .47
We asked you to te ll us about a tim e you got lost. 
Bethany from the US w ro te to us...
ANDORRA
larragona
Madrid
BALEARIC
ISLANDS
Alicante,
200 miles
This happened a few years ago. My husband and I had rented a house in Galicia fo r a summer vacation. We were going to firs t drive to Tarragona, to stay fo r a few days with some friends, 
and 1 then drive from Tarragona to Galicia.
The first part of the trip was fine. We were using our new GPS for the 
first time, and it took us right to the door of our friends' house. Three
days later,2________we continued our trip, we put in the name of the
small town in Galicia, Nigran, which was our final destination. We started 
off, obediently following the instructions, but after a while we realized
tha t3________driving west toward Lerida, we were going north. In
fact, soon we were very close to Andorra. I was sure we were going in
the wrong direction,4________my husband wanted to do what the
GPS was telling us - it was his new toy! It was only when we started 
seeing mountains that even he admitted this couldn't be the right way.
5________we stopped, got out an old map, and then turned around!
We had wasted almost two hours going in the wrong direction!
It was an awful tr ip 6________as well as getting lost, when we were
almost at our destination we had another problem. We stopped for a
coffee, bu t7________we got back onto the road, we realized that we
had left our dog under the table in the cafe! For the second time that 
day we had to turn around and go back. Luckily, the dog was still there!
However,8________ the beginning of our trip was a disaster, we had a
wonderful vacation!
Writing 116
GALICIAX __
F R A N C E
Lerida
'
Listening
ı 6»)
A I u su a lly h av e m e a t o r s e a f o o d . U su a lly s h r im p 
o r s o m e th in g a s a n a p p e tiz e r a n d th e n m a y b e 
la m b fo r th e m a in c o u rs e .
B I o f t e n h av e re a d y -m a d e v e g e ta b le so u p s th a t you 
ju s t h av e to h e a t u p - in fa c t , th e y ’r e th e o n ly 
v e g e ta b le s I ev e r e a t ! A n d I u su a lly h av e a co u p le 
o f fr o z e n p iz z a s in th e f r e e z e r fo r e m e r g e n c ie s .
I d o n ’t r e a lly o rd e r ta k e -o u t w h e n I ’m o n m y 
o w n , b u t i f I ’m w ith fr ie n d s in th e e v e n in g , w e 
s o m e t im e s o rd e r C h in e s e fo o d fo r d in n e r .
C E g g s a n d s o d a . I h av e e g g s fo r b r e a k fa s t a t le a s t 
tw ic e a w e e k , a n d I d r in k a c o u p le o f c a n s o f so d a 
e v e ry day.
D I f l ’m fe e lin g d o w n , c h ic k e n so u p , w ith n ic e b ig 
p ie c e s o f c h ic k e n in it . I t ’s w a r m a n d c o m f o r t in g . 
U h , I u su ally h ave a b a n a n a b e fo r e g o in g to th e g y m . 
I f I k n o w I’m g o in g to h ave a re a lly lo n g m eetin g ,
I u su ally have a c o ffe e a n d a c u p ca k e b e ca u se I th in k 
it w ill k e ep m e aw ake an d giv e m e energy.
E F r u it - c h e r r ie s , s t r a w b e r r ie s , r a s p b e r r ie s , an d 
ap p le s . V e g e ta b le s - p e p p e rs , to m a t o e s , and 
c u c u m b e r s . T h e o n ly th in g 1 re a lly d o n 't lik e is 
z u c c h in i . I c a n ’t ev en s ta n d th e sm e ll o f it.
1 7»)
P a r t 1
I n t e r v i e w e r W h a t w a s y o u r fa v o r ite fo o d w h en 
y o u w e re a c h ild ?
S t e v e W e ll , 1 a lw a y s l ik e d u n u s u a l t h in g s , a t le a s t 
th in g s t h a t m o s t E n g lis h c h ild r e n a t th e t im e 
d id n ’t lik e . F o r in s ta n c e , w h e n I w a s s ix o r sev en 
m y fa v o r ite th in g s w e re s n a ils , o h a n d p ra w n s 
w ith g a r lic .
I n t e r v i e w e r F u n n y th in g s fo r a s ix -y e a r-o ld 
E n g lis h b o y to lik e !
S t e v e W e ll , th e th in g is m y p a r e n ts l ik e d tr a v e lin g 
a n d e a t in g o u t a lo t , a n d 1 f i r s t tr ie d s n a i ls in 
F r a n c e , a n d th e p ra w n s , m y f ir s t p r a w n s I h a d a t a 
S p a n is h r e s ta u r a n t in th e to w n w h e re w e lived .
I n t e r v i e w e r S o y o u w e re in te r e s te d in S p a n is h 
fo o d r ig h t f r o m th e s t a r t . Is th a t w h y y o u d e c id e d 
t o c o m e to S p a in ?
S t e v e P a rtly , b u t o f c o u r s e , I su p p o s e lik e a lo t o f 
B r it is h p e o p le I w a n te d to s e e th e s u n ! T h e o th e r 
th in g th a t a t t r a c te d m e w h e n I g o t h e re w e re all 
th e fa n ta s t ic in g r e d ie n ts . I r e m e m b e r g o in g in to 
th e m a r k e t fo r th e f i r s t t im e a n d s a y in g “W o w !”
I n t e r v i e w e r W h e n y o u o p e n e d y o u r re s ta u r a n t , 
h o w d id y o u w a n t it to b e d if fe r e n t fr o m ty p ica l 
S p a n is h re s ta u r a n ts ?
S t e v e W e ll , w h e n 1 c a m e to S p a in , a ll th e g o o d 
r e s ta u r a n ts w e re v e ry fo r m a l, v e ry t r a d it io n a l . In 
L o n d o n th e n , th e fa s h io n w a s fo r in fo r m a l p la c e s 
w h e r e th e w a ite r s w o r e je a n s, b u t th e fo o d w a s 
a m a z in g . S o I w a n te d a r e s ta u r a n t a b i t l ik e th a t.
I a ls o w a n te d a r e s ta u r a n t w h e r e y o u c o u ld tr y 
m o re in te r n a t io n a l fo o d , b u t m a d e w ith s o m e o f 
th e s e fa n ta s t ic lo c a l in g r e d ie n ts . F o r e x a m p le , 
S p a in ’s g o t w o n d e r fu l s e a fo o d , b u t u su a lly h ere 
i t ’s ju s t g r il le d o r f r ie d . I s ta r te d d o in g th in g s in 
m y r e s ta u r a n t l ik e c o o k in g V a le n c ia n m u sse ls in 
T h a i g r e e n c u r r y p a ste .
I n t e r v i e w e r W h a t d o y o u m o s t e n jo y c o o k in g ?
S t e v e W h a t 1 m o s t e n jo y c o o k in g , 1 th in k , a re 
th o s e tr a d it io n a l d is h e s w h ic h u se q u ite ch e a p 
in g r e d ie n ts , b u t th e y n e e d v e ry lo n g a n d c a re fu l 
c o o k in g , a n d th e n y o u tu r n it in to s o m e th in g 
re a lly s p e c ia l .. . l ik e a re a lly g o o d c a s s e r o le , fo r 
e x a m p le .
I n t e r v i e w e r A n d is th e r e a n y th in g y o u d o n ’t lik e 
c o o k in g ?
122
S t e v e M a y b e d e s s e r ts . Y o u h av e to b e v e ry v e ry 
p r e c is e w h e n y o u 'r e m a k in g d e s s e r ts . A n d t h a t ’s 
n o t th e w ay I am .
1 8»)
P a r t 2
I n t e r v i e w e r W h a t ’s th e b e s t th in g a b o u t r u n n in g 
a r e s ta u r a n t?
S t e v e I th in k th e b e s t th in g is m a k in g p e o p le 
h ap p y . T h a t ’s w h y ev en a f t e r a ll th is t im e I s t il l 
e n jo y it s o m u c h .
I n t e r v i e w e r A n d th e w o r s t th in g ?
S t e v e T h a t ’s ea sy , it h a s to b e th e lo n g h o u rs . T h is 
w e e k fo r e x a m p le . I ’m c o o k in g n e a r ly ev ery day. 
W e u su a lly c lo s e o n S u n d a y s a n d M o n d a y s , b u t 
th is M o n d a y is a p u b lic h o lid a y , w h e n lo ts o f 
p e o p le w a n t to e a t o u t , s o w e ’re o p e n .
I n t e r v i e w e r S e u X e r e a is in a ll th e B r it is h
r e s ta u r a n t g u id e s n o w . D o e s th a t m e a n y o u g e t a 
lo t o f B r it is h c u s to m e r s ?
S t e v e Y es , w e g e t a lo t o f B r i t is h p e o p le , e s p e c ia lly 
a t th e w e e k e n d s , b u t th e n w e g e t p e o p le fr o m 
o th e r c o u n tr ie s , to o .
I n t e r v i e w e r A n d a r e th e B r i t is h c u s to m e r s a n d th e 
S p a n is h c u s to m e r s v e ry d if fe r e n t?
S t e v e Y e s , I th in k th e y a re . T h e B r it is h a lw ay s say 
th a t e v e ry th in g is lovely , ev en i f th e y ’ve o n ly ea ten 
h a l f o f i t . T h e S p a n is h , o n th e o th e r h a n d , a re 
a b so lu te ly h o n e s t a b o u t e v e ry th in g . T h e y te lly o u 
w h a t th ey lik e ; th e y te ll y o u w h a t th ey d o n ’t lik e . I 
re m e m b e r w h en 1 f ir s t o p e n e d , I h ad su sh i o n th e 
m e n u , w h ich w a s very u n u su a l a t th a t tim e , an d 1 
w e n t in to th e d in in g ro o m , a n d I sa id to p e o p le , “S o 
w h a t d o y o u th in k o f th e s u s h ? ” A n d th e c u s to m e rs , 
w h o w e re a ll S p a n is h , sa id “O h , it w a s a w fu l! It w as 
raw f is h !” A ctu a lly , I th in k 1 p re fe r th a t h o n esty , 
b e c a u se it h e lp s u s to k n o w w h a t p eo p le like .
I n t e r v i e w e r W h a t k in d o f c u s to m e r s d o y o u fin d 
d if f ic u l t?
S t e v e I th in k c u s t o m e r s w h o w a n t m e t o c o o k 
s o m e t h in g in a w a y t h a t 1 d o n ’t th in k is v ery 
g o o d . L e t ’s s e e , a p e r s o n w h o a s k s f o r a re a lly 
w e ll-d o n e s t e a k , fo r in s ta n c e . F o r m e t h a t ’s a 
d i f f i c u l t c u s to m e r . Y o u k n o w , say , “ I w a n t s t e a k ,” 
s o I g iv e th e m a r e a lly r e a lly w e ll-d o n e s t e a k , an d 
th e n th e y say “ I t ’s to u g h .” A n d I th in k w e ll, o f 
c o u r s e i t ’s to u g h . I t ’s w ell d o n e ! W e ll-d o n e s te a k 
is a lw a y s to u g h .
I n t e r v i e w e r P e o p le say th a t th e M e d ite r r a n e a n 
d ie t is v e ry h e a lth y . D o y o u th in k p e o p le ’s e a t in g 
h a b its in S p a in a r e c h a n g in g ?
S t e v e W e ll , i th in k th e y a re c h a n g in g - 
u n fo r tu n a te ly I th in k th e y ’r e g e t t in g w o rse . 
P e o p le a re e a t in g m o re u n h e a lth ily .
I n t e r v i e w e r H o w d o y o u n o t ic e th a t?
S t e v e I s e e it w ith , e s p e c ia l ly w ith y o u n g e r fr ie n d s . 
T h e y o f t e n e a t in fa s t-fo o d r e s ta u r a n ts , th e y d o n ’t 
c o o k .. . a n d a c tu a lly th e y o u n g e r o n e s c o m e fr o m a 
g e n e r a t io n w h e re th e i r m o th e r s d o n 't c o o k e ith e r . 
T h a t ’s w h a t’s h a p p e n in g n o w , a n d i t ’s a r e a l p ity .
1 27)))
I n t e r v i e w e r T h is m o r n in g w e ’r e ta lk in g a b o u t 
fa m ily a n d fa m ily l i fe , a n d n o w D a n ie l le B a r n e s 
is g o in g to te ll u s a b o u t a b o o k s h e h a s ju s t read 
c a lle d Birth Order b y L in d a B la ir . S o w h a t’s th e 
b o o k a b o u t , D a n ie l le ?
D a n i e l l e W e ll , it 's a ll a b o u t h o w o u r p o s itio n in th e 
fa m ily in f lu e n c e s th e k in d o f p e rso n w e a re . I m e a n 
w h e th e r w e’re f ir s t b o r n , a m id d le c h ild , a y o u n g e s t 
c h ild , o r an o n ly c h ild . L in d a B la ir a rg u e s th a t o u r 
p o s itio n in th e fa m ily is p o ss ib ly th e s tro n g e s t 
in f lu e n c e o n o u r c h a r a c te r a n d p e rso n a lity .
I n t e r v i e w e r S o t e l l u s m o r e a b o u t th is , D a n ie lle . 
W h a t a b o u t th e o ld e s t c h ild r e n in a fa m ily , th e 
f i r s t -b o r n ?
D a n i e l l e W e ll f i r s t - b o r n c h ild r e n o f t e n h av e to 
ta k e c a r e o f th e i r y o u n g e r b r o t h e r s a n d s is te r s , so 
th e y ’r e u su a lly s e n s ib le a n d re s p o n s ib le a s a d u lts . 
T h e y a ls o te n d to b e a m b it io u s , a n d th e y m a k e 
g o o d le a d e rs . M a n y U S P r e s id e n ts a n d B r it is h 
P r im e M in is t e r s , in c lu d in g f o r e x a m p le A b ra h a m 
L in c o ln w e re o ld e s t c h ild r e n .
O n th e n eg ativ e s id e , o ld e s t c h ild r e n c a n b e in s e c u re 
an d a n x io u s . T h i s is b e c a u se w h en th e se c o n d ch ild 
w a s b o r n , lie o r sh e lo st so m e o f h is o r h e r p a re n ts ’ 
a t te n tio n an d m ay b e h e o r s h e fe lt re je c te d .
I n t e r v i e w e r T h a t ’s v e ry in te r e s t in g . W h a t a b o u t 
th e m id d le c h ild ?
D a n i e l l e M id d le c h ild r e n a re u su a lly m o re re la x e d 
th a n o ld e s t c h ild r e n . T h a t ’s p ro b a b ly b e c a u se 
th e p a re n ts a r e m o re re la x e d th e m s e lv e s by th e 
t im e th e s e c o n d c h ild a rr iv e s . T h e y ’re u su a lly 
v e ry s o c ia b le - th e k in d o f p e o p le w h o g e t a lo n g 
w ith e v e ry b o d y , a n d th e y ’re a ls o u su a lly s e n s it iv e 
to w h a t o th e r p e o p le n e e d . N o w , th is is b e c a u se 
th ey grew ' u p b e tw e e n o ld e r a n d y o u n g e r b r o th e r s 
a n d s is te r s . F o r th e s a m e r e a s o n th e y a r e o ften 
g o o d a t s o r t in g o u t a r g u m e n ts , a n d th e y 're a lw a y s 
s y m p a th e t ic to th e o n e s o n th e lo s in g s id e , o r in 
g e n e r a l t o p e o p le w h o a r e h a v in g p r o b le m s . O n 
th e o th e r h a n d , m id d le c h ild r e n c a n s o m e t im e s b e 
u n a m b it io u s , a n d th e y c a n la ck d ir e c t io n in life .
I n t e r v i e w e r A n d y o u n g e s t c h ild r e n ?
D a n i e l l e I w a s v e ry in te r e s te d in th is p a r t o f 
th e b o o k b e c a u s e I ’m a y o u n g e s t c h ild m y se lf .
It s e e m s th a t y o u n g e s t c h ild r e n a re o f t e n v e ry 
o u tg o in g a n d c h a r m in g . T h i s is th e w a y th e y try 
to g e t th e a tte n tio n o f b o th t h e i r p a r e n ts a n d th e ir 
o ld e r b r o th e r s a n d s is te r s .
T h e y a re o f t e n m o re r e b e llio u s , a n d th is is 
p ro b a b ly b e c a u s e i t ’s e a s ie r f o r th e y o u n g e s t 
c h ild r e n to b r e a k th e r u l e s - b y th is t im e th e ir 
p a re n ts a re m o r e re la x e d a b o u t d is c ip lin e .
O n th e n e g a tiv e s id e , y o u n g e s t c h ild r e n c a n be 
im m a tu r e a n d d is o r g a n iz e d , a n d th e y o fte n 
d e p e n d t o o m u c h o n o th e r p e o p le . T h is is b e c a u s e 
th e y h av e a lw a y s b e e n th e b a b y o f t h e fa m ily .
I n t e r v i e w e r F a s c in a t in g . A n d fin a lly , w h a t a b o u t 
o n ly c h ild r e n ?
D a n i e l l e O n ly c h ild r e n u su a lly d o v e ry w e ll at 
s c h o o l b e c a u s e th e y h av e a lo t o f c o n t a c t w ith 
a d u lts . T h e y g e t a lo t o f lo v e a n d a t te n tio n fro m 
th e ir p a r e n ts , s o th e y ’re ty p ica lly s e lf - c o n f id e n t . 
T h e y ’re a ls o in d e p e n d e n t b e c a u s e th e y ’re u sed to 
b e in g by th e m s e lv e s . A n d b e c a u s e th e y sp e n d a lo t 
o f t im e w ith a d u lts th e y ’re u su a lly v e ry o rg a n iz e d .
I n t e r v i e w e r I ’m a n o n ly c h ild m y s e l f a n d p eo p le 
a lw a y s th in k th a t I m u s t b e sp o ile d . I s th a t tru e , 
a c c o r d in g to L in d a B la ir?
D a n i e l l e W e ll, i t ’s tr u e th a t o n ly ch ild re n ca n 
s o m e tim e s b e sp o iled by th e ir p a re n ts b ecau se 
th e y ’re g iv en e v e ry th in g th e y ask fo r . A ls o , o n th e 
n eg ativ e sid e , o n ly ch ild ren ca n b e s e lf ish , a n d th ey 
c a n a lso b e im p a tie n t, e sp e c ia lly w h en th in g s g o 
w r o n g .T h is is b e ca u se th e y ’r e n o t u sed to so rt in g 
out p ro b le m s w ith o th e r b ro th e rs a n d siste rs .
1 28)))
J e n n y M y n a m e ’s je n n y Z ie l in s k i. A n d N e w Y ork 
is m y c ity . I liv e h e re a n d I w o rk fo r a m a g a z in e , 
NewYork24seven.
R o b M y n a m e ’s R o b W a lk e r . I ’m a w r i te r o n 
NewYork24seven. Y o u c a n p ro b a b ly te ll fr o m 
m y a c c e n t th a t I ’m n o t a c tu a lly f r o m N e w Y o rk . 
I ’m B r i t is h , a n d 1 c a m e o v e r to th e S t a t e s a few 
m o n th s ag o .
J e n n y I m e t R o b in L o n d o n w h e n I w a s v is i t in g 
th e U K o n a w o rk tr ip . H e w a s w r it in g fo r th e 
L o n d o n e d it io n o f 24seven. W e g o t a lo n g w e ll 
r ig h t aw ay. I re a lly l ik e d h im .
R o b S o w h y a m 1 in N ew Y o r k ? B e c a u s e o f Je n n y , 
o f c o u r s e . W h e n th e y g av e m e th e o p p o r tu n ity 
t o w o rk h e re fo r a m o n th , I to o k it im m e d ia te ly .
I t g av e u s th e c h a n c e to g e t to k n o w e a c h o th e r 
b e t te r . W h e n th e y o f fe r e d m e a p e r m a n e n t jo b I 
c o u ld n ’t b e lie v e it!
J e n n y I h e lp ed R o b fin d a n a p a r tm e n t . A n d n o w 
h e re w e a re . T o g e th e r in N e w Y o rk . I 'm s o h ap p y . I 
ju s t h o p e R o b ’s h ap p y h e re , to o .
R o b I r e a lly lo v ed l iv in g in L o n d o n . A lo t o f m y 
fr ie n d s a n d fa m ily a r e th e r e , so o f c o u r s e I s t il l 
m is s i t . B u t N ew Y o r k ’s a fa n ta s t ic c ity . I ’v e g o t a 
g r e a t jo b a n d Je n n y ’s h e re , to o .
J e n n y T h in g s a r e c h a n g in g p re tty fa s t in th e o f f ic e . 
W e h ave a n e w b o s s , D o n T a y lo r . A n d th in g s a re 
c h a n g in g in m y p e r s o n a l l i fe , to o . T h is e v e n in g 's 
k in d o f im p o r t a n t . I ’m ta k in g R o b to m e e t m y 
p a r e n ts f o r th e v e ry f i r s t t im e . 1 ju s t h o p e it g o e s 
w e ll!
1 29)))
J e n n y I c a n ’t b e lie v e w e g o t h e re s o la te .
R o b I ’m s o rr y , Je n n y . I h a d t o f in is h th a t a r t i c le fo r 
D o n .
J e n n y D o n ’t fo r g e t th e c h o c o la te s .
R o b O K .
R o b O h , n o !
J e n n y I d on ’t b e liev e it. D o n 't te ll m e y o u fo rg o t th em !?
R o b I th in k th e y ’re s t i l l o n m y d esk .
J e n n y Y o u 're k id d in g .
R o b Y o u k n o w w h a t m y d e s k ’s lik e .
J e n n y Y e a h , i t ’s a c o m p le te m e s s . W h y d o n ’t you 
e v e r tid y it?
R o b W e c o u ld g o a n d b u y s o m e m o re .
J e n n y H o w ca n w e gel so m e m o re ? W e 're a lread y late !
J e n n y H i, th e r e !
H a r r y Y o u m a d e it!
J e n n y S o r r y w e ’r e la te . S o , th is is m y m o m a n d d ad , 
H a r r y a n d S a lly . A n d th is , o f c o u r s e , is R o b .
R o b H e llo .
S a l l y I t 's s o n ic e to m e e t y o u a t la s t.
H a r r y Y e s , je n n y 's f in a lly d e c id e d to in tro d u c e 
y o u to us.
S a l l y C o m e in , c o m e in !
J e n n y M o m , I ’m re a lly s o r r y - w e b o u g h t y o u s o m e 
c h o c o la te s , b u t w e le f t th e m a t th e o f f ic e .
S a l l y W h a t a p ity . N e v e r m in d .
H a r r y Y e a h , d o n ’t w o r ry a b o u t it . W e k n o w w h a t 
a b u sy y o u n g w o m a n y o u a re . A n d y o u r m o m h a s 
m a d e w ay to o m u c h fo o d f o r t h is e v e n in g an y w ay .
S a l l y O h , H a r ry .
J e n n y B u t i a ls o h av e so m e g o o d n ew s.
S a l l y R e a lly ? W h a t ’s th a t?
J e n n y W e ll ,y o u k n o w w e h av e a n ew b o s s ? H e ’s 
s t i l l n ew to th e jo b a n d n e e d s s u p p o rt , s o to d a y h e 
m a d e m e th e m a n a g in g e d ito r o f th e m a g a z in e .
S a l l y S o y o u ’v e g o t a p r o m o t io n ? H o w fa n ta s t ic !
H a r r y T h a t ’s g r e a t n e w s! H ey , d o e s th a t m e a n 
Je n n y ’s g o in g to b e y o u r b o s s , R o b ?
R o b U K ... y e s , 1 g u e s s so .
J e n n y W e ll , n o t e x a c tly . I ’m a m a n a g e r , b u t I ’m n o t 
R o b ’s m a n a g e r .
S a l l y L e t ’s g o a n d h ave d in n e r .
J e n n y W h a t a g r e a t id ea !
1 32)))
H a r r y Y o u k n o w , o u r Je n n y l ia s d o n e in c r e d ib ly 
w e ll, R o b . S h e ’s th e f i r s t m e m b e r o f o u r fa m ily 
to s tu d y a t H a r v a rd . S h e 's a v e ry c a p a b le an d 
a m b it io u s y o u n g w o m a n .
J e n n y O il , D a d .
R o b N o , i t ’s t r u e , Je n n y .
H a r r y B u t w h a t a b o u t y o u , R o b ? i lo w d o you se e y ou r 
c a re e r? D o y o u se e y o u r s e lf g o in g in to m a n ag em en t?
R o b M e ? N o . N o t re a lly . I'm m o re o f a ... a w r ite r .
H a r r y R e a lly ? W h a t k in d o f th in g s d o y o u w r ite ?
R o b U m .. .y o u k n o w , in te r v ie w s , re v ie w s ... th in g s 
lik e th a t . . . a n d I ’m d o in g a lo t o f w o rk fo r th e 
o n lin e m a g a z in e ...
J e n n y R o b ’s a v e ry ta le n te d w r ite r , D a d . H e ’s v ery 
c r e a t iv e .
H a r r y T h a t ’s g r e a t , b u t b e in g c re a t iv e d o e s n ’t 
a lw a y s pay th e b ills .
J e n n y Y o u k n o w , m y d a d ’s a v e ry k e e n 
p h o to g r a p h e r . H e t o o k a ll o f th e s e p h o to s .
H a r r y O h , R o b w o n ’t b e in te r e s te d in th o s e .
R o b B u t 1 a m in te r e s te d . I m e a n , I lik e p h o to g ra p h y . 
A n d I th in k 1 r e c o g n iz e so m e o f th e s e p e o p le .. .
H a r r y T h a t ’s b e c a u s e m o s t o f th e m a r e o f Je n n y .
R o b B u t th e r e a r e s o m e g r e a t ja z z m u s ic ia n s , to o . 
T h a t ’s M ile s D a v is ... a n d is n 't th a t Jo h n C o itr a n e ? 
A n d t h a t ’s W y n to n M a rs a lis .
H a r r y Y o u k n o w a b o u t W y n to n M a r s a lis ?
R o b K n o w a b o u t h im ? I ’v e in te r v ie w e d h im !
H a r r y H o w in c r e d ib le ! I lo v e th a t g u y . H e ’s a h ero 
o f m in e .
R o b W e ll , h e ’s a re a lly n ic e g u y . I sp e n t a w h o le day 
w ith h im , c h a t t in g a n d w a tc h in g h im re h e a rs e .
H a r r y R e a lly ? I w a n t to h e a r a l l a b o u t it.
S a l l y H a v e a c o o k ie , R o b .
H a r r y G o a h e a d , s o n ! S a l ly m a k e s th e b e s t c o o k ie s 
in N e w Y o rk !
1 40)))
1 I ’m a s p e n d e r , I th in k . 1 tr y to sa v e , b u t s o m e th in g 
a lw a y s s e e m s to c o m e a lo n g th a t I n e e d to buy , 
a n d I en d u p b r o k e . I c a n g e t b y w ith v e ry l it t le 
m o n e y fo r m y s e l f w h e n I n e e d to , b u t I d o n ’t se e m 
to b e g o o d a t h o ld in g o n to it . A ls o , i f m y k id s ask 
to b o r r o w s o m e m o n e y , I a lw a y s say y e s .
2 I w o u ld s a y th a t I ’m a sp e n d e r , i sp e n d m o n e y 
o n th in g s l ik e c o n c e r ts o r o n t r ip s b e c a u s e I lik e 
h a v in g th e e x p e r ie n c e a n d th e m e m o r ie s . I k n o w 
th a t 1 sh o u ld sp e n d m y m o n e y o n t i l in g s th a t la s t, 
o r sav e fo r th e fu tu r e , b u t 1 d o n ’t w a n t to m is s a ll 
th o s e g o o d t i l in g s t h a t a r e h a p p e n in g r ig h t now .
3 I c o n s id e r m y s e l f a sp e n d e r . I d o n ’t h av e m u ch 
m o n e y , b u t w h e n 1 d o h av e s o m e th e r e ’s a lw a y s 
s o m e t h in g I n e e d o r w a n t to s p e n d it o n . 1 love 
c o m p u te r s a n d c o m p u te r g a m e s , s o I b u y th in g s 
to m a k e s u r e m y c o m p u te r i s a lw a y s u p to d a te .
I k n o w i t ’s n o t v e ry s e n s ib le , b u t i t ’s im p o r ta n t 
to m e .
4 T h a t ’s h a rd to say. I c a n sa v e m o n e y i f th e r e ’s 
s o m e t h in g I re a lly , re a lly w a n t, b u t u su a lly m y 
m o n e y d is a p p e a r s a s s o o n a s I g e t it . I g e t so m e 
m o n e y fr o m m y p a r e n ts e v e ry w e e k , s o 1 h ave 
ju s t e n o u g h m o n e y t o g o to th e m o v ie s w ith m y 
f r ie n d s a n d to b u y s o m e t h in g fo r m y s e lf , m a y b e
a b o o k o r a D V D o r s o m e m a k e u p .. . I u su a lly en d 
u p b u y in g s o m e th in g . B u t, fo r e x a m p le , i f I w a n t 
to g o o n a t r i p w ith m y fr ie n d s , th e n I c a n m a k e 
a n e f f o r t a n d sav e s o m e m o n e y fo r a fe w w e e k s .
5 S in c e I w a s l i t t le , I ’v e a lw a y s sa v ed a b o u t a 
th ir d o f th e m o n e y I g e t . I w o u ld n e v e r th in k o f 
s p e n d in g a ll th e m o n e y 1 h a v e . Y o u c o u ld say th a t 
I ’m c a r e fu l a b o u t m o n e y . W h e n 1 w a n t to bu y 
s o m e t h in g t h a t ’s e x p e n s iv e , I d o n ’t u se a c re d it 
c a rd . I ta k e th e m o n e y o u t o f th e b a n k s o I n ev er 
h av e to w o r ry a b o u t g e t t in g in to d e b t.
6 I ’d sa y a sa v e r , d e fin ite ly . I l ik e h a v in g s o m e 
m o n e y sa v ed in c a s e I h av e a n e m e r g e n c y . 1 a lso 
th in k v e ry c a r e fu lly b e fo r e I b u y s o m e th in g , an d 
I a lw a y s m a k e s u r e i t ’s th e b e s t I c a n bu y fo r th a t 
p r ic e . B u t I w o u ld n 't d e s c r ib e m y s e l f a s ch e a p . I 
lo v e b u y in g p r e s e n ts fo r p e o p le , a n d w h e n I d o 
sp e n d m y m o n e y I l ik e t o b u y n ic e th in g s , ev en i f 
th e y ’r e m o re e x p e n s iv e .
1 45)))
P a r t i
I n t e r v i e w e r Ja n e , y o u ’re a n e le m e n ta r y s c h o o l 
te a c h e r , a n d a w r ite r . W h a t k in d o f b o o k s d o 
y o u w r ite ?
J a n e W e ll , I w r i te b o o k s fo r c h ild r e n w h o a re 
le a r n in g E n g lis h a s a fo r e ig n la n g u a g e .
I n t e r v i e w e r H o w lo n g h av e y o u b e e n a w r ite r ?
J a n e U h , let m e s e e , s in ce 1 9 9 0 . S o fo r a b o u t 2 2 y e a r s .
I n t e r v i e w e r T e ll u s a b o u t th e t r ip th a t c h a n g e d 
y o u r l i fe . W h e r e w e re y o u g o in g ?
J a n e W e ll , it w a s in th e s u m m e r o f 2 0 0 8 , a n d m y 
f a m i l y - m y h u sb a n d a n d 1 a n d o u r th r e e c h ild r e n , 
d e c id e d t o h av e a h o lid a y o f a l i f e t im e , a n d to go 
to A fr ic a . W e w e n t to U g a n d a a n d R w a n d a , to 
s e e th e m o u n ta in g o r il la s . It w a s s o m e th in g w e'd 
a lw a y s w a n te d t o d o . A n y w a y , a b o u t h a l f w ay 
th ro u g h th e t r ip , w e w e re in U g a n d a , a n d w e w e re 
tr a v e lin g in a lo r r y w h e n th e lo r r y b ro k e d o w n .
S o th e d r iv e r h a d to f in d a m e c h a n ic to c o m e an d 
h e lp f ix it.
I n t e r v i e w e r A n d th e n w h a t h a p p e n e d ?
J a n e W e ll , a s s o o n a s w e s to p p e d , lo ts o f c h ild r e n 
a p p e a re d a n d s u r ro u n d e d u s . I c o u ld s e e so m e 
lo n g b u ild in g s q u ite n e a r , s o 1 a sk e d th e c h ild r e n 
w h a t th e y w e re , a n d th e y sa id in E n g lis h “T h a t ’s 
o u r s c h o o l ." A n d I w a s v e ry c u r io u s to s e e w h a t a 
U g a n d a n s c h o o l w a s lik e , s o I a sk e d th e m to sh o w 
it to m e .
I n t e r v i e w e r W h a t w a s i t lik e ?
J a n e i w a s s h o c k e d w h e n I f i r s t sa w it. T h e w a lls 
w e re f a l l in g d o w n , th e b la c k b o a r d s w e re b ro k e n , 
a n d th e r e w e re n ’t m a n y d e s k s . B u t th e c h ild r e n 
w e re s o fr ie n d ly , a n d I a sk e d th e m i f th e y w ou ld 
lik e to le a rn a s o n g in E n g lis h . T h e y s a id y e s , an d 
I s ta r te d te a c h in g th e m s o m e s o n g s , l ik e Heads, 
Shoulders, Knees, and Toes a s o n g I ’v e u se d a ll o v e r 
th e w o rld to te a c h c h ild r e n p a r ts o f th e b od y . 
A lm o s t im m e d ia te ly th e c la s s r o o m f il le d u p w ith 
c h ild r e n o f a l i a g e s , a n d th e y a ll w a n te d to le a rn .
I w a s ju s t a m a z e d b y h o w q u ic k ly th e y le a rn e d 
th e so n g !
I n t e r v i e w e r D id y ou m e e t th e te a ch e r s ?
J a n e Y e s , w e d id , a n d th e h e a d m a s te r , to o . H e 
e x p la in e d th a t th e s c h o o l w a s c a lle d S t . (o s e p h s , 
a n d it w a s a c o m m u n ity s c h o o l fo r o r p h a n s , v ery 
p o o r c h ild r e n a n d re fu g e e s . I a sk e d h im w h a t th e 
s c h o o l n e e d e d . I th o u g h t th a t h e m ig h t say “w e 
n e e d b o o k s , o r p a p e r ,” a n d th e n la te r w e co u ld 
s e n d th e m to h im . B u t a c tu a lly h e sa id “W h a t w e 
n e e d is a n e w s c h o o l ." A n d i th o u g h t y e s , o f c o u rs e 
h e 's r ig h t . T h e s e c h ild r e n d e se rv e to h av e b e t te r 
c o n d it io n s th a n th is to le a r n in . S o w h e n 1 g o t 
b a c k h o m e , m y h u sb a n d a n d I, a n d o th e r p e o p le 
w h o w e re w ith u s o n th e tr ip d e c id e d to s e t u p an 
o r g a n iz a t io n to g e t m o n e y to b u ild a n ew s c h o o l .
1 46)))
P a r t 2
I n t e r v i e w e r S o A d e la n te A fr ic a w a s b o r n . W h y 
d id y o u d e c id e to c a ll it th a t?
J a n e W e ll , w e w a n te d a n a m e th a t g av e th e id e a 
o f A fr ic a m o v in g fo rw a rd , a n d m y h u sb a n d is 
S p a n is h , a n d h e s u g g e s te d A d e la n te A fr ic a , 
b e c a u s e in S p a n is h A d a la n te m e a n s “g o fo r w a r d ,” 
a n d A d e la n te A f r ic a s o r t o f so u n d e d b e t te r th a n 
“G o F o r w a r d , A fr ic a .”
I n t e r v i e w e r H o w lo n g d id it ta k e to ra is e th e 
m o n e y fo r th e n e w s c h o o l?
J a n e A m a z in g ly e n o u g h , n o t lo n g re a lly , o n ly a b o u t 
tw o y e a r s . T h e s c h o o l o p e n e d o n th e 1 4 th M a rc h 
2 0 1 0 w ith 7 5 c h ild r e n . T o d a y , it h a s n e a r ly 5 0 0 
c h ild r e n .
I n t e r v i e w e r T h a t ’s g r e a t ! 1 u n d e rs ta n d t h a t s in c e 
th e n ew s c h o o l o p e n e d y o u ’v e b e e n w o r k in g o n 
o th e r p r o je c ts fo r th e s e c h ild r e n .
J a n e Y e s . W h e n w e o p e n e d th e s c h o o l w e re a liz e d 
th a t a lth o u g h th e c h ild r e n n o w h a d a b e a u tifu l 
n e w s c h o o l , th e y c o u ld n ’t r e a lly m a k e m u ch 
p r o g r e s s b e c a u s e th e y w e re s u f fe r in g fr o m 
m a ln u tr it io n , m a la r ia , th in g s lik e th a t . S o w e ’ve 
b e e n w o r k in g to im p ro v e t h e i r d ie t a n d h e a lth , 
a n d a t th e m o m e n t w e 're b u ild in g a h o u s e w h e re 
c h ild r e n w h o d o n ’t h av e f a m il ie s c a n live.
I n t e r v i e w e r A n d a r e y o u r c h ild r e n in v o lv ed in 
A d e la n te A fr ic a to o ?
J a n e Y e s , a b s o lu te ly ! T h e y a l l g o o u t t o U g a n d a a t 
le a s t o n c e a y e a r . M y d a u g h te r T e s s ie ru n s th e 
F a c e b o o k p a g e , a n d m y o th e r d a u g h te r A n a r u n s 
a p r o je c t to h e lp c h ild r e n to g o to s e c o n d a ry 
s c h o o l , a n d G e o r g ie , m y s o n , o r g a n iz e s a fo o tb a ll 
to u r n a m e n t th e r e e v e ry y e a r .
I n t e r v i e w e r A n d h o w d o y o u th in k y o u h ave m o s t 
c h a n g e d d ie c h ild r e n ’s liv e s?
Listening 123
Jane I th in k th e s c h o o l h a s c h a n g e d th e c h ild r e n ’s 
liv es b e c a u s e it h a s g iv e n th e m h o p e . P e o p le fr o m 
o u ts id e c a m e a n d lis te n e d to th e m a n d c a re d a b o u t 
th e m . B u t i t ’s n o t o n ly th e c h ild r e n w h o s e liv es 
h av e c h a n g e d . A d e la n te A fr ic a h a s a ls o ch a n g e d 
m e a n d m y fa m ily . W e h av e b e e n v e ry lu ck y in life . 
I fe e l th a t l ife h a s g iv en m e a lo t . N o w I w a n t to 
g iv e s o m e th in g b a c k . B u t i t ’s n o t a ll g iv in g . I fe e l 
th a t I g e t m o re f r o m th e m th a n I g iv e ! I lo v e b e in g 
th e r e . I lo v e th e ir s m ile s a n d h o w th e y h ave su ch a 
s t r o n g s e n s e o f c o m m u n ity , a n d I lo v e fe e l in g th a t 
m y fa m ily a n d th e o th e r m e m b e r s o f A d e la n te 
A fr ic a a re a c c e p te d a s p a r t o f t h a t c o m m u n ity . 
Interviewer A n d d o y o u h av e a w e b s ite ?
Jane Y es, w e d o . I t ’s w w w .a d e la n te a fr ic a .c o m . 
W e ’v e h ad th e w e b s ite fo r a b o u t fo u r y e a r s . I t w a s 
o n e o f th e f i r s t th in g s w e s e t u p . I f y o u 'd l ik e to 
f in d o u t m o re a b o u t A d e la n te A fr ic a , p le a se go 
th e r e a n d h ave a lo o k . T h e r e a re lo t s o f p h o to s 
a n d ev en a v id e o m y s o n t o o k o f m e te a c h in g th e 
c h ild r e n to s in g o n th a t f i r s t day. M a y b e it w ill 
c h a n g e y o u r l i f e to o , w h o k n o w s ?
1 52)))
Phone call 4
I h a v e n ’t h ad a n y m u s ic fo r th e la s t th r e e d ay s, 
b e c a u s e m y iP o d b r o k e , s o p a d d lin g h a s b e e n g e tt in g 
m o re b o r in g . T o p a ss th e t im e I c o u n t o r I n a m e 
c o u n tr ie s in m y h e a d , a n d s o m e t im e s I ju s t lo o k up 
a t th e sk y . S o m e t im e s th e sk y is p in k w ith c lo u d s 
th a t lo o k l ik e c o t t o n , a n d o th e r t im e s i t ’s d a r k lik e 
th e s m o k e fr o m a f i r e , a n d s o m e t im e s i t ’s b r ig h t 
b lu e . T h e d ay th a t I r e a d ie d th e h a lf w a y p o in t in m y 
tr ip , th e s k y w a s b r ig h t b lu e . I ’m s u p e r s t it io u s so i 
d id n 't c e le b r a te - th e r e ’s s t i l l a v e ry lo n g w a y to g o . 
Phone call 5
T h is w e e k (h e m o s q u ito e s h a v e b e e n d r iv in g m e 
c ra z y . T h e y o b v io u s ly th in k I ’m e a sy fo o d ! T h e y 
e s p e c ia l ly l ik e m y fe e t . 1 w a k e u p in th e n ig h t w h en 
th e y b ite m e , a n d 1 c a n ’t s to p s c r a t c h in g m y fe e t .
B u t I ’m fe e l in g h a p p ie r n o w th a n I ’v e b e e n 
fe e l in g fo r w e e k s . I 'v e s e e n a lo t o f a m a z in g w ild life 
t h i s w e e k . O n e day, I fo u n d m y s e l f in th e m id d le 
o f a g r o u p o f d o lp h in s . T h e r e w e re a b o u t s ix p a irs 
ju m p in g o u t o f th e w a te r . I 'v e a ls o s e e n e n o r m o u s 
b u t te r f l ie s , ig u a n a s , a n d v u ltu r e s th a t f ly a b o v e 
m e in b ig g r o u p s . Y e ste rd a y , a f is h ju m p e d in to m y 
k a y a k . M a y b e it m e a n s I ’m g o in g t o b e lu cky . I am 
s t a r t in g to fe e l a l i t t le sa d th a t th is a d v e n tu re is 
c o m in g ro a n e n d .
A n d f in a lly o n th e n e w s , T V h o s t H e le n S k e l to n h a s 
s u c c e s s fu lly c o m p le te d h e r 1 ,9 9 8 - m ile tr ip d o w n 
th e A m a z o n R iv e r in a k a y a k . S h e le f t f r o m N a u ta in 
P e ru s ix w e e k s a g o o n a t r ip th a t m a n y p e o p le sa id 
w o u ld b e im p o s s ib le . B u t y e s te rd a y , sh e c ro s s e d th e 
f in is h l in e a t A lm e ir im in B r a z il to b e c o m e th e f ir s t 
w o m a n to p a d d le d o w n th e A m a z o n . H e r e ’s H e le n : 
“ I t ’s b e e n h a rd , b u t I ’ve h ad a n a m a z in g t im e . T h e 
o n ly th in g I ’v e re a lly m is s e d is m y d o g B a r n e y . S o 
th e f i r s t th in g I ’m g o ing to d o w ill b e to p ic k h im up 
a n d ta k e h im fo r a n ic e lo n g w a lk .”
2 9)))
T a n n e r to o k a ta x i fr o m th e th e b o a ty a r d to th e 
a ir p o r t w h e r e th e s e a p la n e w a s le a v in g fr o m . It 
to o k 4 5 m in u te s to g e t f r o m th e b o a t y a rd to th e 
a i r p o r t . O n c e h e g o t o n th e s e a p la n e , T a n n e r q u ick ly 
m a d e u p th e t im e h e s p e n t r id in g in th e ta x i . W ith 
th e p la n e f ly in g c lo s e to 1 0 0 m ile s an h o u r , T a n n e r 
c a u g h t u p to R u t le d g e a n d A d a m n e a r S e v e n M ile 
B r id g e . A f t e r la n d in g a t th e a i r p o r t in K e y W e s t , 
T a n n e r re n te d a s c o o te r fo r th e la s t th r e e m ile s o f 
th e r a c e . Ju s t a fe w m o re m in u te s u n ti l h e a rr iv e d a t 
th e s o u th e r n -m o s t p o in t o f th e U S .
2 15)))
H o s t A n d o n to n ig h t ’s p ro g ra m w e ta lk to T o m 
D ix o n , w h o is a n e x p e r t o n ro a d s a fe ty . T o m , 
n ew te c h n o lo g y l ik e G P S d e v ic e s h a s m e a n t n ew 
d is t r a c t io n s fo r d r iv e rs , h a s n ’t it?
T o m T h a t ’s r ig h t , N ick y , b u t it i s n ’t ju s t te c h n o lo g y 
t h a t ’s th e p ro b le m . C a r d r iv e r s d o a lo t o f o t h e r 
th in g s w h ile th e y ’re d r iv in g th a t a r e d a n g e ro u s
124 Listening
a n d th a t c a n c a u s e a c c id e n ts . R e m e m b e r , d r iv e r 
d is t r a c t io n is th e n u m b e r o n e c a u s e o f ro a d 
a c c id e n ts .
H o s t N o w I k n o w y o u ’v e b e e n d o in g a lo t o f te s ts 
w ith s im u la to r s . A c c o r d in g io y o u r te s ts , w h a t ’s 
th e m o s t d a n g e ro u s th in g to d o w h e n y o u ’re 
d r iv in g ?
T o m T h e te s ts w e did in a s im u la to r sh o w ed t hat 
th e m o s t d a n g e ro u s th in g to d o w h ile y o u ’re 
d r iv in g is to s e n d o r re ce iv e a t e x t m e ssa g e . T h is is 
in c r e d ib ly d a n g e ro u s , a n d it is , o f c o u r s e , ille g a l. 
In fa c t , re s e a r c h c lon e b y th e p o lic e s h o w s th a t 
th is is m o re d a n g e ro u s th a n d r in k in g a n d d r iv in g .
H o s t W h y i s th a t?
T o m W e ll , th e r e a s o n is o b v io u s - m a n y p e o p le u se 
tw o h a n d s to t e x t , o n e to h o ld th e p h o n e a n d th e 
o th e r t o ty p e . W h ic h m e a n s th a t th e y d o n ’t h ave 
t h e i r h a n d s o n th e w h e e l, a n d th e y ’re lo o k in g 
a t th e p h o n e , n o t a t th e ro a d . E v en fo r p e o p le 
w h o c a n t e x t w ith o n e h a n d , i t ’s s t i l l e x tre m e ly 
d a n g e ro u s , h i th e te s ts w e d id in th e s im u la to r , 
tw o o f th e d r iv e r s c r a s h e d w h ile te x tin g .
H o s t A n d w h ic h is th e n e x t m o s t d a n g e ro u s?
T o m T h e n e x t m o s t d a n g e ro u s th in g is to s e t o r 
a d ju s t y o u r G P S . T h i s is e x tr e m e ly h a z a rd o u s to o 
b e c a u s e a lth o u g h y o u c a n d o it w ith o n e h a n d , you 
s t i l l h av e to ta k e y o u r e y e s o f f t h e ro a d fo r a few 
s e c o n d s .
H o s t A n d n u m b e r th r e e ?
Tom N u m b e r th r e e w a s p u ttin g o n m a k eu p o r d o in g 
y o u r h a ir . In fa c t , th is is s o m e th in g th a t p eo p le 
o fte n d o , e sp e c ia lly w o m e n , o f c o u rs e , w h en th ey 
s to p a t t r a f f ic lig h ts , b u t i f t h e y h av en ’t fin ish e d 
w h en th e lig h ts c h a n g e , th ey o fte n c o n tin u e w h en 
th ey s ta r t d r iv in g a g a in . I t ’s th a t fa ta l c o m b in a tio n 
o f ju s t h a v in g o n e h a n d o n th e s te e r in g w h e e l, and 
lo o k in g in th e m ir r o r , n o t a t th e ro ad .
H o s t A n d n u m b e r fo u r?
T o m In fo u r th p la c e , th e r e a r e tw o a c t iv it ie s th a t a re 
e q u a lly d a n g e ro u s . O n e o f th e m is m a k in g a p h o n e 
c a l l o n a c e ll p h o n e . O u r r e s e a rc h sh o w e d th a t 
w h en p e o p le ta lk o n th e p h o n e , th e y d r iv e m o re 
s lo w ly (w h ic h c a n b e ju s t a s d a n g e ro u s a s d r iv in g 
fa s t ) , b u t th e ir c o n tr o l o f th e c a r g e ts w o rse , 
b e c a u s e th e y ’re c o n c e n tr a t in g o n th e p h o n e c a ll 
a n d n o t o n w h a t’s h a p p e n in g o n th e ro a d . B u t th e 
o th e r th in g , w h ic h is ju s t a s d a n g e ro u s a s ta lk in g 
o n y o u r c e ll p h o n e , is e a t in g a n d d r in k in g , in fa c t , 
i fy o u d o th is , y o u d o u b le y o u r c h a n c e o f h a v in g 
a n a c c id e n t b e c a u s e e a t in g a n d d r in k in g a lw a y s 
in v o lv e s ta k in g a t le a s t o n e h a n d o f f t h e s te e r in g 
w h e e l. A n d th e th in g t h a t ’s m o s t w o r r y in g h ere 
is th a t p e o p le d o n ’t th in k o f th is a s a d a n g e ro u s 
a c t iv ity a t a ll , a n d it is n ’t e v en ille g a l.
H o s t A n d in f i f t h , w e ll a c tu a lly s ix th p la c e . Ii m u st 
b e l is te n in g to m u s ic , b u t w h a t k in d ?
Tom W e ll, i t ’s l is te n in g to m u s ic y o u kn ow .
H o s t O h , t h a t ’s in te r e s t in g .
T o m W e fo u n d in o u r te s ts th a t w h e n d r iv e r s w e re 
l is te n in g to m u s ic th e y k n e w a n d lik e d , th e y d ro v e 
e ith e r fa s te r o r s lo w e r d e p e n d in g o n w h e th e r th e 
m u s ic w a s fa s t o r slow .
H o s t S o fa s t m u s ic m a d e d r iv e r s d r iv e fa s te r .
T o m E x a c t ly . A n d a s tu d y in C a n a d a a ls o fo u n d 
th a t i f th e m u s ic w a s v e ry lo u d , th e n d r iv e r s ’ 
r e a c t io n t im e w a s 2 0 % s lo w e r. I f y o u ’r e l is te n in g 
to v e ry lou d m u s ic y o u 're tw ic e a s lik e ly to g o 
th ro u g h a red lig h t.
H o s t S o th e s a fe s t o f a l l o f th e th in g s o n th e l is t is 
io l is te n to m u s ic w e d o n ’t kn ow .
T o m E x a c t ly . I f w e d o n 't k n o w th e m u s ic , th e n it 
d o e s n ’t d is t r a c t u s . In th is p a r t o f th e t e s t s a ll 
d r iv e r s d ro v e sa fe ly .
2 23)))
A E x c u s e m e , is t h is s e a t e m p ty ?
B Y e s , s u r e s i t d o w n . A h , h e ’s c u te . Is h e y o u rs?
A Y e s , y e s . A c tu a lly , h e ’s a s h e . M ir a n d a .
B O h . T h r e e m o n th s ?
A T h r e e a n d a h a lf . H o w a b o u t y o u rs?
B S te p h e n . H e ’s fo u r m o n th s . D id y o u h av e a bad 
n ig h t?
A Y es, M ir a n d a w a s c r y in g a ll n ig h t . Y o u kn ow , 
th a t n o is e g e ts t o y o u . It d r iv e s m e c ra z y .
B D o y o u k n o w w h a t y o u n e e d ? T h e s e .
A W h a t a r e th e y ? E a r p lu g s ?
B Y e s . E a r p lu g s ! W h e n th e b a b y s t a r t s c r y in g y o u 
ju s t p u t th e s e in . Y o u c a n s t i l l h e a r th e c r y in g , 
b u t th e n o is e is n ’t s o b a d , a n d i t ’s n o t s o s t r e s s fu l .
A T h a t ’s a g r e a t id e a ! W h o to ld y o u io d o th a t?
B I t ’s a ll in th is b o o k I re a d . Y ou sh o u ld g e t it.
A Y e a h ? W h a t ’s it c a lle d ?
B I t ’s c a lle d Comm ando Dad. Ii w a s w r i t te n b y an 
e x -s o ld ie r . H e w a s a co m m a n d o in th e arm y , 
a n d i t ’s e s p e c ia lly fo r m e n w ith b a b ie s o r s m a ll 
c h ild r e n . I t ’s p r e t ty g o o d .
A R e a lly ? S o w h a t’s s o g o o d a b o u t it?
B W e ll , i t 's lik e a m ilita ry m a n u a l. It te lls y o u ex a ctly 
w h a t to d o w ith a b a b y in an y s itu a tio n . It m ak es 
e v e ry th in g ea sier . T h e r e ’s a w e b site , to o , th a t you 
c a n g o to - c o m m a n d o d a d .c o m . I t h a s a lo t o f 
a d v ice a b o u t ta k in g c a re o f b a b ie s an d s m a ll k id s, 
a n d I re a lly lik e th e fo r u m s w h ere m en c a n w r ite in 
w ith th e ir p ro b le m o r th e ir e x p e rie n ce s .
A W h a t k in d o f th in g s d o e s it h e lp y o u w ith ?
B A ll k in d s o f t h in g s . H o w to c h a n g e d ia p e rs - he 
lia s a re a lly g o o d s y s te m , h o w to d re s s th e b aby , 
h o w to g e t th e b a b y to s le e p , th e b e s t w ay to feed 
th e b ab y , h o w io k n o w i f th e b a b y is s ic k . I t ’s re a lly 
u se fu l a n d i t ’s p re tty fu n n y , to o , I m e a n h e u se s 
a k in d o f m ili ta r y la n g u a g e , s o fo r e x a m p le lie 
c a l ls th e b a b y a B T w h ic h m e a n s a b a b y tr o o p e r , 
a n d th e b a b y ’s b e d r o o m is b a s e c a m p , a n d ta k in g 
th e b a b y fo r a w a lk is m a n e u v e rs , a n d ta k in g th e 
d ia p e rs to th e tra sh is c a lle d b o m b d isp o s a l.
A W h a t e ls e d o e s it say?
B W e ll , i t h a s a ll k in d s o f s t u f f a b o u t ...
A A n d w h a t d o e s h e th in k a b o u t m en ta k in g c a r e o f 
c h i ld r e n ? D o e s h e th in k vve d o it w e ll?
B H e th in k s th a t m e n a r e ju s t a s g o o d a s w o m e n a t 
ta k in g c a r e o f c h ild r e n in a lm o s t e v e ry th in g .
A A lm o s t e v e ry th in g ?
B Y e a h , h e sa y s th e o n e t im e w h e n w o m e n a re 
b e t t e r ih a n m e n is w h e n th e k id s a r e s ick .
W o m e n k in d o f u n d e rs ta n d b e t te r w h a t to do . 
T h e y h a v e an in s t in c t . O h . N o w i t ’s m y tu r n . O K , 
1 k n o w e x a c t ly w h a t th a t c r y m e a n s . It m e a n s h e ’s 
h u n g ry .
A W o w ! W h a t w a s th a t b o o k c a lle d ?
2 28)))
Kerri Y o u w o rk h a rd , b u t y o u r m o n e y ’s a ll sp e n t 
H a v e n ’t g o t e n o u g h to p ay th e re n t 
Y o u k n o w i t ’s n o t r ig h t a n d it m a k e s n o se n s e 
T o g o c h a s in g , c h a s in g th o s e d o lla r s a n d c e n ts 
C h a s in g , c h a s in g th o s e d o lla r s a n d c e n ts . ..
R o b T h a t w a s g r e a t , K e r r i .
Kerri T h a n k s .
R o b K e r r i ,y o u u se d to b e in a b a n d , n o w y o u p lay 
s o lo . W h y d id y o u c h a n g e ?
Kerri W h a t h a p p e n e d w ith th e b a n d is p r iv a te .
I 'v e a lre a d y sa id I d o n ’t w a n t to ta lk a b o u t it in 
in te r v ie w s . A ll i ’ ll s a y is th a t I h av e a lo t m o re 
fr e e d o m th is w ay . I c a n p l a y - a n d s a y - w h a t I 
w a n t.
R o b D id y o u r r e la t io n s h ip w ith th e b a n d ’s lead 
g u ita r is t a f f e c t th e b r e a k up ?
Kerri N o c o m m e n t . I n e v e r ta lk a b o u t m y p riv a te 
life .
R o b Y o u r D a d w a s in a fa m o u s p u n k b a n d , 
a n d y o u r M u m ’s a c la s s ic a l p ia n is t , h av e th ey 
in f lu e n c e d y o u r m u s ic ?
K e r r i O f c o u r s e th e y h av e - w h a t d o y o u th in k ?
Is n ’t e v e ry o n e in f lu e n c e d by th e i r p a re n ts ?
R o b W h e n d id y o u s t a r t p la y in g ?
Kerri I s t a r te d p la y in g th e g u i ta r w h en I w a s a b o u t 
fo u r.
R o b F o u r ? T h a t ’s p re tty y o u n g .
Kerri Y e a h , th e g u ita r w a s n e a r ly a s b ig a s m e!
R o b I t h in k th a t y o u r n e w a lb u m is y o u r b e s t y e t.
I t ’s a lo t q u ie te r a n d m o re e x p e r im e n ta l th a n y o u r 
e a r lie r a lb u m s .
Kerri T h a n k y o u ! I th in k i t ’s m y b e s t w o rk .
R o b S o w h a t h av e y o u b e e n d o in g re c e n tly ?
Kerri W e ll , I ’v e b e e n w r i t in g a n d r e c o r d in g 
s o m e n e w s o n g s . A n d I ’ve p lay ed a t s o m e o f th e 
s u m m e r fe s t iv a ls in th e U K .
http://www.adelanteafrica.com
Rob A n d w h a t a re y o u d o in g w h ile y o u 're in th e 
S t a te s ?
Kerri I ’m g o in g to p lay a t s o m e c lu b s h e re in N ew 
Y o rk , th e n I ’m d o in g s o m e s m a ll g ig s in o th e r 
p la c e s . I ju s t w a n t to g e t t o k n o w th e c o u n tr y an d 
th e p e o p le . I t ’s a ll v e ry n e w to m e .
Jenny G o o d jo b , R o b . S h e is n ’t th e e a s ie s t p e rso n 
t o in te rv ie w .
Rob S h e ’s O K . A n d t h i s v id e o c l ip w ill w o rk g r e a t 
o n lin e .
Don W e ll , th a n k y o u fo r c o m in g in to d ay , K e r r i . 
N o w I s u g g e s t w e h av e s o m e lu n c h . R o b , co u ld 
y o u c a ll a ta x i?
Rob U h , su r e .
2 29)))
Don S o w h e n w il l y o u b e c o m in g b a c k to N ew 
Y o rk , K e r r i?
Kerri O h , I d o n 't kn ow .
Waitress H i, g u y s . I s e v e r y th in g O K ?
Don Y e s , i t ’s d e lic io u s , th a n k y o u .
W a i t r e s s T h a t ’s g r e a t!
Kerri N ew Y o rk w a ite rs n e v e r leav e y o u a lo n e ! I 
re a lly d o n ’t lik e a ll t h i s “H i g u y s ! Is e v e r y th in g 
O K ? ” s t u f f
Don W h a t ? Y o u m e a n w a ite rs a r e n 't fr ie n d ly in 
L o n d o n ?
Rob O h , th e y ’re v e ry fr ie n d ly !
Kerri Y es, th e y ’r e fr ie n d ly , b u t n o t t o o fr ie n d ly . 
T h e y d o n ’t b o th e r y o u a ll th e t im e .
Waitress C a n 1 g e t y o u a n y th in g e ls e ? M o re 
d r in k s , m a y b e ?
Don N o t h a n k s . W e ’re f in e .
Waitress F a n ta s t ic .
Kerri S e e w h a t I m e a n ? P e rso n a lly , I th in k p e o p le 
in L o n d o n a r e a lo t m o re e a sy g o in g . L o n d o n 's ju s t 
n o t a s h e c t ic a s N e w Y o rk .
Don S u r e , w e a ll lik e p e a c e a n d q u ie t . B u t in m y 
o p in io n , N e w Y o rk is p o ss ib ly ... w e ll, n o , is 
d e f in ite ly th e g r e a te s t c i ty in th e w o r ld . D o n ’t you 
a g r e e ?
Kerri T o b e h o n e s t , 1 d e f in ite ly p r e fe r L o n d o n .
Don C o m e o n , R o b . Y o u 'v e liv ed in b o th . W h a t d o 
y o u th in k ?
Rob U m , w e ll, I h av e to say, L o n d o n ’s v e ry sp e c ia l. I t ’s 
m o re re la x e d , i t ’s g o t g r e a t p ark s an d y o u ca n cy cle 
e v ery w h ere . I t ’s d a n g e ro u s to cy c le in N e w Y o rk !
Don W h y w o u ld y o u c y c le w h e n y o u c a n d r iv e a c a r ?
Kerri Y o u c a n 't b e s e r io u s .
Don O K , I a g r e e , L o n d o n h a s i t s o w n p e c u lia r 
c h a r m . B u t i f y o u a sk m e , n o th in g c o m p a r e s w ith 
a c ity l ik e N e w Y o rk . T h e w h o le w o rld is h e re !
Kerri B u t t h a t ’s th e p ro b le m . Ir ’s to o b ig . T h e r e are 
to o m a n y p e o p le . E v e ry b o d y ’s so s tr e s s e d o u t. 
A n d n o b o d y h a s a n y t im e fo r y o u .
Jenny I d o n ’t t h in k t h a t ’s r ig h t , K e r r i . N e w Y o rk e rs 
a r e v e ry f r ie n d ly .. .
Kerri O h s u r e , th e y c a n s o u n d fr ie n d ly w ith a ll th a t 
“ H av e a n ic e d a y " s t u f f . B u t I a lw a y s th in k i t ’s a 
l i t t le b it . . . fak e .
Don Y o u ’v e g o t to b e k id d in g m e!
Rob I ’m so rry . I ’ ll ju s t h ave to ta k e th is .. . H e llo ? ... 
Y e s ... Y o u ’r e w h o ? ... T h e ta x i d riv er? ... W h a t did sh e 
le a v e ? ... H e r c e ll p h o n e ... r ig h t . O K . Y es , w e’re s t ill 
a t th e re s ta u ra n t. S e e y o u in a b o u t fiv e m in u te s .
2 32)))
K e r r i T h a n k y o u fo r a n ic e lu n c h , D o n .
Don Y o u ’r e w e lc o m e .
Waitress T h a n k s fo r c o m in g , g u y s! H av e a n ice day.
Don S e e ? N ic e , fr ie n d ly s e r v ic e .
Kerri M a y b e . B u t I th in k s h e s a w th e b ig t ip you 
le f t o n th e ta b le !
Jenny D id y o u m e a n w h a t y o u sa id in th e 
r e s ta u r a n t , R o b ?
Rob D ici 1 m e a n w h a t?
Jenny A b o u t m is s in g L o n d o n ?
Rob S u r e , I m is s i t , Je n n y .
Jenny R e a lly ?
Rob B u t h ey , n o t th a t m u c h ! I t ’s ju s t th a t m o v in g to 
a n ew p la c e is a lw a y s d if f ic u lt .
Jenny B u t y o u d o n 't r e g r e t c o in in g h e re , d o y o u ?
Rob N o . . . n o . . . n o t a t a ll.
Jenny i t ’s ju s t th a t . . . y o u s e e m e d h o m e s ic k in th e r e .
F o r th e p a r k s , th e c y c l in g ...
Rob W e ll th e r e a r e s o m e th in g s I m is s b u t - O h , 
h a n g o n a m in u te . L o o k o v e r th e r e . O u r t a x i ’s 
c o m e b a c k .
Taxi driver E x c u s e m e , M a ’a m .
Kerri W h o m e ? W h a t is it?
Taxi driver I b e lie v e t h i s is y o u r c e ll p h o n e . Y o u 
le f t i t in m y ca b .
Kerri W h a t? .. . O h , w o w ... th a n k y ou !
Taxi driver H a v e a n ic e day !
Kerri T h a t w a s s o k in d o f h im !
Don S e e ? N e w Y o rk e rs a re re a lly fr ie n d ly p e o p le .
2 40)))
1 O n e v e ry e a sy th in g y o u c a n d o , is ju s t c h a n g e 
th e la n g u a g e to E n g lis h o n a ll th e g a d g e ts you 
h a v e , f o r e x a m p le o n y o u r p h o n e , o r la p to p , o r 
ta b le t . T h a t w a y y o u 'r e r e a d in g E n g lis h ev ery 
day a n d w ith o u t re a lly n o t ic in g y o u ju s t le a rn a 
w h o le lo t o fv o c a b u la r y , fo r e x a m p le th e th in g s 
y o u s e e o n y o u r s c r e e n lik e A reyou sure you want 
to shut down now, th in g s l ik e th a t.
2 M y t ip is to d o th in g s th a t y o u l ik e d o in g , b u t in 
E n g l is h . S o fo r e x a m p le , i f y o u l ik e r e a d in g , th e n 
re a d in E n g l is h , i f y o u lik e m o v ie s , w a tc h th e m 
in E n g lis h w ith s u b t it le s , i f y o u l ik e c o m p u te r 
g a m e s , p lay th e m in E n g l is h . B u t d o n ’t d o th in g s 
y o u d o n ’t e n jo y in y o u r la n g u a g e , I m e a n i fy o u 
d o n ’t lik e r e a d in g in y o u r la n g u a g e , y o u 'll e n jo y 
it e v en le s s in E n g l is h , a n d s o y o u p ro b a b ly w o n ’t 
le a r n a n y th in g .
3 W h a t re a lly h e lp e d m e to im p ro v e m y E n g lis h 
w a s h a v in g an A m e r ic a n b o y fr ie n d . H e d id n 't 
s p e a k a n y Ja p a n e s e - w e ll, n o t m a n y fo r e ig n e rs 
d o - s o w e s p o k e E n g lis h a ll th e t im e , a n d m y 
E n g lis h im p ro v e d re a lly q u ick ly . W e b ro k e up 
w h e n h e w e n t b a c k to th e U S , b u r b y th e n I co u ld 
s p e a k p re tty flu e n tly . W e d id n ’t e x a c t ly e n d up 
a s fr ie n d s , b u t I ’ ll a lw a y s b e g r a te fu l to h im fo r 
th e E n g lis h I le a rn e d . S o m y tip is tr y to f in d an 
E n g lis h -s p e a k in g b o y fr ie n d o r g ir lfr ie n d .
4 I ’v e a lw a y s th o u g h t th a t le a r n in g v o c a b u la r y 
is v e ry im p o r ta n t , s o I b o u g h t a v o c a b u la r y 
f la s h c a r d a p p fo r m y p h o n e . I w r i te d o w n a ll 
th e n e w w o r d s a n d p h r a s e s I w a n t to re m e m b e r 
in F r e n c h a n d in E n g l is h , a n d th e n w h e n I g e t
a q u ie t m o m e n t I t e s t m y s e l f It re a lly h e lp s m e 
r e m e m b e r n e w v o c a b u la r y . S o th a t ’s m y tip . G e t 
a v o c a b u la r y le a r n in g a p p f o r y o u r p h o n e .
5 I th in k o n e o f (h e b ig p ro b le m s w h e n y o u ’re 
le a r n in g s o m e th in g n ew is m o tiv a t io n , s o m e th i n g 
to m a k e y o u c o n t in u e a n d n o t g iv e up . S o m y
tip is to b o o k y o u r s e l f a v a c a t io n in a n E n g lish - 
sp e a k in g c o u n tr y o r a c o u n tr y w h e re p eo p le 
s p e a k v e ry g o o d E n g lis h , lik e th e C a r ib b e a n , a s a 
l it t le re w a rd fo r y o u rs e lf , a n d so y o u c a n a c tu a lly 
p r a c t ic e y o u r E n g lis h . I t ’s re a lly m o tiv a t in g 
w h en y o u g o so m e w h e re a n d fin d th a t p eo p le 
u n d e rs ta n d y o u a n d y o u c a n c o m m u n ic a te ! L a s t 
y e a r , I w e n t to th e B a h a m a s fo r a w e ek e n d , a n d I 
h a d a g r e a t t im e , a n d I s p o k e a lo t o f E n g lish .
6 I fy o u love m u sic , w h ic h I d o , m y tip is to listen to as 
m a n y so n g s a s p o ss ib le in E n g lish a n d th e n learn 
to s in g th e m . I t ’s s o easy n o w ad ay s w ith Y ou T u be. 
F irs t, i d o w n lo ad th e ly r ic s a n d tr y to u n d e rsta n d 
th e m . T h e n I s in g a lo n g w ith th e s in g e r a n d tr y to 
co p y th e w ay h e o r sh e s in g s - th is is fa n ta s t ic fo r 
y o u r p ro n u n c ia tio n . T h e n o n ce 1 c a n d o it w e ll, 1 go 
b a c k to Y o u T u b e an d g e t a k a ra o k e v ersio n o f th e 
so n g , an d th e n 1 s in g it . I t ’s fu n a n d y o u r E n g lis h 
w ill re a lly im p ro v e a s a resu lt.
2 48)))
I a lw a y s th o u g h t th a t g o o d m a n n e r s w e re g o o d 
m a n n e r s w h e r e v e r y o u w e re in th e w o rld . B u t th a t 
w a s u n ti l m e t m y b o y fr ie n d la s o n , w h o is fr o m 
B u r m a — a ls o k n o w n a s M y a n m a r . W e m e t in 
u p s ta te N e w Y o rk , w h en w e w e re b o t l i s tu d e n ts in 
c o lle g e . W h e n w e f i r s t g o t to k n o w e a c h o th e r , w e 
w e re a lw a y s s u r r o u n d e d b y a g ro u p o f fr ie n d s . I lik ed 
)a s o n b e c a u s e h e w a s fu n n y a n d k in d , a n d I c o u ld te ll 
h e lik ed m e , b u t w e n e v e r s p e n t a n y t im e a lo n e .
T h e f i r s t t im e I s u g g e s te d th a t w e h a n g 
o u t w ith o u t o u r fr ie n d s , h e s a id n o w ith o u t an 
e x p la n a t io n , w h ic h 1 th o u g h t w a s k in d o f ru d e . M y 
fe e l in g s w e re h u rt , s o 1 d id n ’t ta lk to h im a s m u ch . 
T h e n e x t t im e I s a w Ja s o n in o u r b ig g r o u p , h e w a s 
ju s t a s fr ie n d ly a n d h a p p y a s u su a l. I w a s c o n fu s e d .
F in a lly , I a sk e d h im w h y h e w o u ld n 't h a n g o u t 
w ith m e . H e a p o lo g iz e d a n d th e n h e to ld m e th a t in 
B u r m a , i t ’s c u s to m to “d a te ” in a g r o u p s itu a t io n . 
S in c e h e h ad o n ly b e e n in th e U S f o r a fe w y e a r s , he 
w a s s t i l l h a v in g tr o u b le n a v ig a t in g th e tw o c u ltu r e s 
h e liv ed in — th e m o re re se rv e d B u r m e s e c u ltu r e an d 
th e m o r e o pe n A m e r ic a n c u ltu r e .
A fe w m o n th s la te r , a f t e r w e w e s ta r te d d a tin g ,
I a sk e d h im w h y h e n e v e r re sp o n d e d t o m y c u te , 
r o m a n tic F a c e b o o k p o s ts w ith m o re th a n “c o o l” o r 
“th a n k s .” I t s e e m e d w e ird to m e th a t h is re s p o n s e s 
w e re n ’t r o m a n t ic . A n d h o n e s tly , 1 w a s a l i t t le je a lo u s 
o f th e s w e e t p o s t s m y A m e r ic a n f r ie n d s ’ b o y fr ie n d s 
le f t o n th e ir F a c e b o o k p a g e s.
B u t Ja s o n to ld m e in B u r m a , i t ’s c o n s id e re d 
b ra g g in g t o e x p r e s s y o u r fe e l in g s in p u b lic , 
e s p e c ia l ly o n a s o c ia l n e tw o r k in g s ite . H e d id n ’t 
w a n t h is fa m ily a n d fr ie n d s to th in k h e w a s b ra g g in g 
a b o u t h is A m e r ic a n g ir l f r ie n d . F r o m a n A m e r ic a n 
p o in t o f v ie w , I th o u g h t h e w a s b e in g a b it c o ld ; 
h o w e v e r f r o m a B u r m e s e p o in t o fv ie w , h e w a s 
a c tu a lly b e in g r e s p e c tfu l.
A s c o n fu s e d a s I w a s a b o u t w h a t’s c o n s id e re d 
g o o d a n d b a d m a n n e r s in Ja s o n 's c u ltu r e , h e fe lt th e 
s a m e w a y a b o u t A m e r ic a n c u ltu r e . H e th o u g h t it 
w a s b ad m a n n e r s to r e fe r to h av e a “b e s t fr ie n d ,” an d 
h e w o u ld a rg u e w ith m e w h e n e v e r I c a lle d m y fr ie n d 
R a c h e l , m y b e s t fr ie n d . ]a s o n s a id th e r e is n o su ch 
th in g a s a “b e s t f r ie n d ” in B u r m e s e c u ltu r e . T h e r e 
a re o n ly “c lo s e f r ie n d s .” It w o u ld b e in c o n s id e r a te 
to n a m e o n e p e r s o n a s a “b e s t f r ie n d " b e c a u s e y o u r 
o t h e r fr ie n d s w o u ld fe e l o ffe n d e d .
A n y w ay , w e 'v e b e e n to g e th e r fo r tw o y e a r s , an d 
w e s t il l h av e d is a g re e m e n ts . B u t, w e ’ve le a rn e d th a t 
a s lo n g a s w e ’re a c o u p le , w e’ll n e v e r c o m p le te ly a g re e 
a b o u t w h e th e r o u r m a n n e r s a re g o o d o r b a d , a n d th a t 
m o s t im p o rta n tly . . . i t ’s O K to a g re e to d is a g re e !
3 8)))
Part 1
Interviewer W h a t m a d e y o u w a n t to b e c o m e a 
s o c c e r r e fe r e e , o r fo o tb a ll r e fe r e e a s y o u w ou ld 
c a ll it?
Juan M y fa th e r w a s a re fe r e e , b u t th a t d id n ’t 
in f lu e n c e m e - in fa c t , th e o p p o s ite b e c a u s e I saw 
a ll th e p ro b le m s th a t h e h a d a s a r e fe r e e . B u t a s a 
c h ild I w a s a lw a y s a t t r a c te d b y th e id e a o f b e in g 
a re fe r e e , a n d a t s c h o o l I u se d to r e fe r e e a ll k in d s 
o f s p o r ts , b a s k e tb a ll , h a n d b a ll , v o lle y b a ll , a n d o f 
c o u r s e , fo o tb a ll . I w a s in v ite d to jo in th e R e f e r e e ’s 
F e d e r a tio n w h e n I w a s o n ly 1 4 y e a r s o ld . 
Interviewer W e r e y o u g o o d a t s p o r ts y o u r s e l f ? 
Juan Y e s , I w a s a v e ry g o o d h a n d b a ll p lay e r. P eo p le 
o f t e n th in k th a t r e fe r e e s b e c o m e r e fe r e e s b e c a u se 
th e y a re f r u s t r a te d s p o r ts m e n , b u t t h i s is ju s t n o t 
tr u e in m o s t c a s e s in m y e x p e r ie n c e .
Interviewer W h a t w a s th e m o s t e x c i t in g m a tc h 
y o u e v e r re fe r e e d ?
Juan I t ’s d i f f i c u l t to c h o o s e o n e m a tc h a s th e m o s t 
e x c it in g . I re m e m b e r s o m e o f th e R e a l M a d r id - 
B a r c e lo n a m a tc h e s , fo r e x a m p le th e f i r s t o n e I 
e v e r re fe r e e d . T h e a tm o s p h e r e w a s in c r e d ib le in 
th e s ta d iu m . B u t r e a lly i t ’s im p o s s ib le to p ic k ju s t 
o n e - th e r e h av e b e e n s o m an y .
Interviewer W h a t w a s th e w o r s t e x p e r ie n c e you 
e v e r h a d a s a r e fe r e e ?
Juan T h e w o r s t? W e ll , th a t w a s s o m e t h in g th a t 
h a p p e n e d v e ry e a r ly in m y c a r e e r . 1 w a s o n ly 16 , 
a n d i w a s r e fe r e e in g a m a tc h in a to w n in S p a in , 
a n d th e h o m e te a m lo s t . A f t e r th e m a tc h , I w a s 
a tta c k e d a n d in ju r e d b y th e p la y e rs o f th e h o m e 
te a m a n d b y th e s p e c t a to r s . A f t e r a ll th e s e y e a r s I 
c a n s t i l l re m e m b e r a m o th e r , w h o h a d a l i t t le bab y 
in h e r a rm s , w h o w a s t r y in g to h it m e . S h e w a s s o 
a n g r y w ith m e th a t s h e n e a r ly d ro p p e d h e r b aby . 
T h a t w a s m y w o r s t m o m e n t , a n d it n e a r ly m a d e 
m e s to p b e i n g a re fe r e e .
Listening 125
Interviewer D o y o u th in k th a t th e r e 's m o re 
c h e a t in g in s o c c e r th a n in th e p a s t?
Juan Y e s , I th in k so .
Interviewer W h y ?
Juan I th in k i t 's b e c a u s e th e r e ’s so m u c h m o n e y 
in fo o t b a ll to d a y th a t i t ’s b e c o m e m u ch m o re 
im p o r ta n t to w in . A ls o fo o tb a ll is m u c h fa s te r 
th a n ii u se d to b e , s o i t ’s m u c h m o re d i f f i c u l t fo r 
r e fe r e e s to d e te c t c h e a t in g .
Interviewer H o w d o s o c c e r p la y e rs c h e a t?
Juan O h , th e r e a re m a n y w ay s, b u t fo r m e th e w o rst 
th in g in fo o tb a ll to d a y is w h a t w e c a l l “s im u la tio n .” 
S im u la tio n is w h en a p la y e r p re te n d s to h ave 
b e e n fo u le d w h en in fa c t h e h a sn ’t . F o r e x a m p le , 
s o m e t im e s a p la y e r fa lls o v e r in th e p e n a lty a re a 
w h e n , in fa c t , n o b o d y h a s to u ch e d h im a n d th is 
c a n re su lt in th e r e fe r e e g iv in g a p e n a lty w h e n it 
w a s n ’t a p e n a lty . In m y o p in io n , w h e n a p la y e r d o e s 
th is h e ’s c h e a t in g n o t o n ly th e re fe r e e , n o t o n ly th e 
p lay e rs o f th e o th e r te a m , b u t a lso th e s p e c ta to rs , 
b e c a u s e s p e c ta to r s pay m o n e y to s e e a fa ir c o n te s t .
3 9)))
Part 2
Interviewer W h a t ’s th e m o s t d if f ic u l t th in g a b o u t 
b e in g a re fe r e e ?
Juan T h e m o s t d i f f i c u l t th in g is t o m a k e th e r ig h t 
d e c is io n s d u r in g a m a tc h . I t ’s d if f ic u l t b e c a u s e 
y o u h av e to m a k e d e c is io n s w h e n e v e r y th in g ’s 
h a p p e n in g s o q u ick ly - fo o tb a ll to d a y is v ery 
fa s t . Y o u m u st r e m e m b e r th a t e v e r y th in g is 
h a p p e n in g a t 1 0 0 k i lo m e tr e s a n h o u r. A ls o 
im p o r ta n t d e c is io n s o f t e n d e p en d o n th e r e fe r e e ’s 
in te r p r e ta t io n o f th e r u le s . T h in g s a r e n ’t b la ck 
a n d w h ite . A n d o f c o u r s e m a k in g d e c is io n s w ou ld 
b e m u c h e a s ie r i f p la y e rs d id n ’t c h e a t.
Interviewer D o y o u th in k th a t th e id e a o f fa ir p lay 
d o e s n ’t e x is t an y m o re ?
Juan N o t a t a ll . I th in k fa ir p lay d o e s e x i s t - d i e 
p la y e rs w h o c h e a t a r e th e e x c e p t io n s .
Interviewer F in a lly , w h o d o y o u th in k is th e b e s t 
p la y e r r ig h t n o w ?
Juan I th in k m o s t p e o p le a g r e e th a t th e b e s t 
fo o tb a lle r to d a y is L e o M e s s i .
Interviewer W h y d oy o u th in k lie ’s s o g o o d ?
Juan I t ’s h a rd to say w h a t m a k e s h im s o s p e c ia l , b u t 
a s tu d y w a s d o n e o n h im w h ic h sh o w ed th a t M e ss i 
c a n ru n fa s te r w ith th e b a ll th a n m a n y fo o tb a lle r s 
c a n d o w ith o u t th e b a ll . A p a r t fro m h is g re a t 
a b ility , w h a t I a lso lik e a b o u t h im is th a t h e is n ’t th e 
ty p ica l su p e rs ta r fo o tb a lle r . Y ou c a n se e th a t he 
e n jo y s p la y in g fo o tb a ll , an d h e b e h a v e s in p u b lic 
a n d in h is p e rso n a l life in a v e ry n o rm a l w ay. T h a t ’s 
u n u su a l w h e n you th in k h o w fa m o u s h e is. A n d 
w h a t’s m o re he d o e s n ’t c h e a t - h e d o e s n ’t n e e d to !
3 23)))
Host H e llo , a n d w e lc o m e to Forum, th e p ro g ra m 
t h a t a s k s y o u w h a t y o u th in k a b o u t c u r r e n t to p ic s . 
T o d a y M a r t h a P a rk w il l b e ta lk in g a b o u t th e 
s o c ia l n e tw o r k in g s ite F a c e b o o k , h o w w e u se it , 
h o w m u c h w e l ik e it - o r d is l ik e it . S o g e t re ad y to 
c a l l u s , o r te x t u s a n d te ll u s w h a t y o u t h in k . T h e 
n u m b e r a s a lw a y s is 5 5 5 - 4 3 1 8 . M a r t h a .
Martha H e llo . S in c e F a c e b o o k w a s f ir s t la u n ch e d 
in 2 0 0 4 , a lo t o f re s e a r c h h a s b e e n d o n e to fin d 
o u t w h a t k in d o f p e o p le u s e it , w h a t th e y u se it fo r , 
a n d w h a t e f f e c t it h a s o n th e ir liv e s . A c c o r d in g 
t o a r e c e n t s tu d y by c o n s u m e r r e s e a rc h s p e c ia l is t 
In te r s p e r ie n c e , th e a v e ra g e 2 2 y e a r o ld in B r ita in 
h a s o v e r 1 ,0 0 0 o n lin e fr ie n d s . In fa c t , 2 2 s e e m s to 
b e th e a g e a t w h ic h th e n u m b e r o f fr ie n d s p e a k s .
It a ls o a p p e a rs th a t w o m e n h a v e s lig h tly m o re 
o n lin e fr ie n d s th a n m e n . A n d a n o th e r s tu d y fro m 
a n A m e r ic a n u n iv e rs ity s h o w s th a t p e o p le w h o 
sp e n d a lo t o f t im e o n F a c e b o o k r e a d in g o th e r 
p e o p le ’s p o s ts te n d to fe e l m o re d is s a t is f ie d w ith 
th e ir o w n liv e s , b e c a u s e th e y fe e l th a t e v e ry o n e 
e ls e is h a v in g a b e t te r t im e th a n th e y a re .
S o , o v e r to y o u . D o y o u u se F a c e b o o k ? H o w 
d o y o u fe e l a b o u t i t? C a n y o u r e a lly h a v e 1 ,0 0 0 
fr ie n d s ? A r e s o c ia l n e tw o r k in g s i te s m a k in g u s 
u n h a p p y ? C a l I in a n d s h a r e y o u r e x p e r ie n c e s . ..
3 24)))
Host A n d o u r f i r s t c a lle r is Y o u n g . G o a h e a d , Y o u n g .
Young H i. U h , y e a h , I u se F a c e b o o k a lo t , ev ery day.
I th in k i t 's a g r e a t w a y to , u h , o r g a n iz e y o u r s o c ia l 
l ife a n d k e ep in to u c h w ith y o u r fr ie n d s .
1 h a v e a lo t o f fr ie n d s .
Martha H o w m a n y fr ie n d s d o y o u h a v e , Y o u n g ?
Young R ig h t n o w , I h av e 1 ,0 4 2 .
Martha A n d h o w m a n y o f th e m d o y o u k n o w 
p e r s o n a lly ?
Young A b o u t h a l f m a y b e ?
Martha A n d w h a t d o y o u u se F a c e b o o k fo r?
Young F o r m e , i t ’s a g o o d w a y to g e t in to u ch w ith 
m y fr ie n d s w ith o u t h a v in g to u se th e p h o n e a ll th e 
t im e . W h e n I ’m h a v in g a b u s y w e e k a t s c h o o l , I 
c a n c h a n g e m y s t a tu s so I c a n le i m y fr ie n d s k n o w 
I c a n ’t g o o u t. T h a t ’s a lo t e a s ie r th a n w a s t in g t im e 
te l l in g p e o p le “s o r r y I ’m to o b u sy to g e t to g e th e r .” 
I t ’s ju s t e a s ie r a n d q u ic k e r th a n u s in g th e p h o n e .
Host T h a n k s , Y o u n g . W e h av e a n o th e r c a l le r , i t 's 
B e th . H e llo , B e t h . '
Beth H i. U h , I d o n ’t u s e F a c e b o o k o r a n y o th e r 
s o c ia l n e tw o r k in g s ite .
Martha W h y ’s t h a t B e th ?
Beth W e ll , tw o r e a s o n s . F ir s t , I d o n ’t sp e n d m u ch 
t im e o n lin e . I p lay a lo t o f s p o r t s - I ’m o n a h o ck e y 
te a m , s o I m e e t m y te a m m a te s a lm o s t e v e ry day, 
a n d w e d o n ’t n e e d to c o m m u n ic a te o n F a c e b o o k .
Martha A n d th e o th e r r e a s o n ?
Beth I ju s t d o n ’t re a lly l ik e th e w h o le id e a o f s o c ia l 
n e tw o r k in g s ite s . I m e a n , w h y w o u ld I w a n t to 
te ll th e w h o le w o rld e v e r y th in g th a t I ’m d o in g ? I 
d o n ’t w a n t to s h a r e m y p e r s o n a l in f o r m a t io n w ith 
th e w o rld a n d b e c o m e f r ie n d s w ith p e o p le I d o n ’t 
e v en k n o w . A n d I d o n ’t w a n t to re a d w h a t o th e r 
p e o p le h a d fo r b r e a k fa s t o r lu n c h o r d in n e r o r 
w h a t th e y 're p la n n in g to d o th is w e e k e n d .
Host T h a n k s fo r th a t , B e th . O u r n e x t c a l le r is 
E m m a . I t ’s y o u r tu r n , E m m a .
Martha H i, E m m a
Emma H i, M a r th a .
Martha A n d d o y o u u se F a c e b o o k , E m m a ?
Emma I u se it o n c e in a w h ile , b u t n o t v e ry m u ch .
I o n ly re a lly u se it to k e e p u p w ith fr ie n d s w h o 
h ave m o v e d a b ro a d o r liv e t o o fa r aw ay fo r us 
to m e e t re g u la r ly . F o r e x a m p le , o n e o f m y b e s t 
f r ie n d s r e c e n t ly m o v e d to C a n a d a , a n d w e c h a t o n 
F a c e b o o k . B u t 1 n e v e r a d d f r ie n d s w h o a re p eo p le 
I h a rd ly k n o w . I ju s t c a n ’t u n d e rs ta n d th o s e 
p e o p le w h o c o lle c t h u n d re d s o r ev en th o u s a n d s 
o f F a c e b o o k fr ie n d s ! I th in k i t ’s ju s t c o m p e tit io n , 
p e o p le w h o w a n t to m a k e it se e m th a t th e y ’re 
m o r e p o p u la r th a n e v e ry b o d y e ls e .
M a r t h a S o y o u th in k th e F a c e b o o k w o rld is k in d 
o f u n r e a l?
Emma A b so lu te ly . I th in k p e o p le w r i te th in g s an d 
p o s t p h o to s o f t h e m s e lv e s ju s t to s h o w e v e ry o n e 
th e y k n o w w h a t a fa n ta s t ic t im e th e y ’re h a v in g 
a n d w h a t e x c i t in g liv es th e y le a d . B u t th e y ’re 
p ro b a b ly ju s t s i t t in g a t h o m e in f r o n t o f th e 
c o m p u te r a ll th e t im e .
Host T h a n k s fo r th a t , E m m a . W e h av e t im e fo r 
o n e m o re c a l le r b e fo r e th e n e w s , a n d i t ’s N e d . H i, 
N e d . Y o u 'l l h ave to b e q u ick .
Martha H i, N ed .
Ned H i. W h e n I s ta r te d o f f w ith F a c e b o o k , ( th o u g h t 
it w a s g r e a t, a n d I u se d it to c o m m u n ic a te w ith c lo s e 
fr ie n d s a n d w ith fam ily , an d 1 g o t b a c k in to u ch w ith 
o ld fr ie n d s fr o m s c h o o l, i t w a s g o o d b e c a u s e all th e 
p e o p le 1 w a s fr ie n d s w ith o n F a c e b o o k w e re p eo p le 
I kn ew , an d I w a s in te re s te d in w h a t th e y w ere 
d o in g . B u t th e n I s ta r te d a d d in g fr ie n d s , p eo p le 1 
h a rd ly k n e w w h o w e re fr ie n d s o f fr ie n d s , p eo p le 
lik e t h a t - i n th e en d , I h ad m o re th a n a 1 , 0 0 0 - and 
ii ju st b e c a m e ioo m u ch . I t w a s ju s t to o m an y 
p eo p le le a v in g u p d ates, w r it ing m e ssa g e s o n m y 
w a ll. S o la s t m o n th I d e cid ed to d e lete m o s t o f 
th e m . It to o k m e a b o u t h a lfa n h o u r io d e le te , a n d in 
th e e n d , th e o n ly p e o p le I le ft w e re a c tu a l, re a l- life 
fr ie n d s an d fa m ily , a n d o ld s c h o o l fr ie n d s . I g o t it 
d o w n to 9 9 . I t w a s re a lly lib era tin g .
Host T h a n k s , N e d , a n d w e ’ll b e b a c k a f t e r th e 
n e w s , s o k e ep th o s e c a l ls c o m in g .
3 25)))
Jenny M o n ic a !
Monica ]e n n y !
Jenny W o w ! H o w a r e y o u ? Y o u lo o k g r e a t!
Monica T h a n k s , je n n y ! Y o u lo o k re a lly g o o d , to o .
Jenny H ey , w hy d o n ’t w e g e t s o m e c o f fe e ?
Monica I ’d love to , b u t I ’m o n th e w ay to m e e t .. . o h , 
c o m e o n . F iv e m in u te s !
Jenny S o , h o w is e v e ry th in g ?
Monica O h , g r e a t . T h in g s c o u ld n ’t b e b e t te r 
a c tu a lly . S c o t t a n d I . . . w e ’r e g e t t in g m a rr ie d !
Jenny Y o u 're w h a t? C o n g r a tu la t io n s !
Monica T h a n k y o u !
Jenny W h e n d id y o u g e t e n g a g e d ?
Monica O n ly a fe w d a y s a g o . I ’m g lad I sa w you 
a c tu a lly . I w a s g o in g to c a ll y o u . W e ’ve o n ly to ld 
fa m ily s o fa r .
Jenny I c a n 't b e lie v e it . M o n ic a th e w ife ! A n d to 
th in k y o u u se d to g o c lu b b in g e v e ry n ig h t!
Monica W e ll , th a t w a s a fe w y e a r s a g o ! A l l I w an t 
to d o n o w is s ta y in a n d re a d w e d d in g m a g a z in e s .
Jenny A n d h o w a r e th e p la n s c o m in g a lo n g ?
Monica I h av en ’t d o n e a n y th in g y e t . M y m o m a n d 
S c o t t ’s m o m w a n t to o r g a n iz e th e w h o le th in g 
th e m s e lv e s !
Jenny T h a t ’s w h a t m o th e r s a r e fo r !
Monica T ru e . B u t w h a t a b o u t y o u ? Y ou lo o k fa n ta stic .
Jenny W e ll , I g u e s s I ’m k in d o f h a p p y , to o .
Monica U h -h u h . W h a t ’s h is n a m e ?
Jenny R o b .
Monica Y o u ’v e b e e n k e e p in g h im v e ry q u ie t ! Is it 
s e r io u s ?
Jenny U rn , it ’s k in d o f , y o u k n o w ...
Monica S o it is!
Jenny I t ’s s t i l l e a r ly . W e h a v e n ’t b e e n to g e th e r fo r 
lo n g . H e o n ly m o v ed h e r e f r o m L o n d o n a few 
m o n th s a g o ...
Monica W h a t? H e ’s B r it is h ? A n d y o u th in k y o u 
c a n p e r su a d e h im to s ta y in N e w Y o rk ? T h a t 
w o n ’t b e e a sy !
Jenny I th in k h e l ik e s it h e re . Y o u k n o w h o w gu ys 
a re , y o u n e v e r k n o w w h a t th e y ’r e th in k in g .
Monica W h e n c a n I m e e t h im ?
Jenny U h ... t h a t ’s h im now .
3 26)))
Rob D o y o u m in d i f l jo in y o u ?
Monica O f c o u r s e n o t. C o m e o n , s i t d o w n .
Rob T h a n k y o u .
Monica I h a v e to le a v e in a m in u te an y w ay .
Rob C o u ld I h av e a la rg e la t te , p le a s e ?
W aiter O f c o u r s e .
Jenny R o b , th is is M o n ic a .
Monica N ic e to m e e t y o u , R o b .
Rob Y o u to o , M o n ic a . Y o u k n o w , Je n n y ta lk s a b o u t 
y o u a lo t . A n d I ’v e s e e n c o lle g e p h o to s o f y o u tw o 
to g e th e r . A i je n n y ’s p a r e n ts ' h o u s e .
Jenny O f c o u r s e y o u h a v e . M y d a d ’s p h o to s .
Rob Y o u 'v e h a rd ly c h a n g e d a t a ll.
Monica W h a t a n ic e m a n ! I c a n s e e w h y y o u lik e 
h im , Je n n y . T h e p e r fe c t E n g lis h g e n t le m a n .
W aiter Y o u r la tte .
Rob O h , th a n k s . C a n y o u p a s s th e su g a r?
Jenny S u r e .
Monica S o r r y g u y s , b u t I h av e to g o .
Rob Y o u ’r e s u r e I h a v en ’t in te r r u p te d a n y th in g ?
Monica N o t a t a ll . I t 's ju s t th a t I h ave to m e e t 
s o m e o n e . B u t l e t ’s g e t to g e th e r v e ry s o o n .
Jenny W e w ill!
Monica B y e , R o b . N ic e m e e t in g y o u .
Rob B y e.
Jenny B y e. T a lk s o o n .
Rob S h e s e e m s lik e a h ap p y p e rso n .
Jenny S h e is , e s p e c ia l ly r ig h t n o w - s h e ’s g e t t in g 
m a rr ie d .
Rob T h a t ’s fa n ta s t ic n ew s!
Jenny Y e a h , it is . I g u e s s w e ’r e a t th a t a g e now . 
W h e n m o s t o f o u r fr ie n d s a r e s e t t l in g d o w n an d 
g e t t in g m a rr ie d .
Rob Y e a h ... O h , s p e a k in g o f fr ie n d s , I w a n t to a s k 
y o u a fa v o r. I s it O K i f w e c h a n g e o u r p la n s a b it 
t h i s w e e k ?
Jenny U h .. . s u r e . W h a t ’s up ?
126 Listening
Rob I ’v e ju s t h ad a c a ll fro m an o ld fr ie n d o f m in e , 
P au l. I h a v en 't se e n h im s in c e w e w e re a t u n iv ersity , 
a n d h e’s tra v e lin g a ro u n d th e S ta te s a t th e m o m e n t. 
A n y w ay , h e ’s a rr iv in g in N e w Y o rk th is e v e n in g 
a n d , u h ... I ’v e in v ited h im to s ta y fo r th e w e ek .
Jenny C o o l ! I t ’ ll b e fu n to m e e t o n e o f y o u r o ld 
fr ie n d s ! W h a t ’s h e lik e ?
Rob O h , P a u l’s a la u g h . H e u se d t o b e a b it w ild , b u t 
th a t w a s a lo n g t im e a g o . H e 's p r o b a b ly ch a n g e d 
c o m p le te ly .
Jenny W e ll , I ’m lo o k in g fo r w a rd to m e e t in g h im .
Rob Ju s t o n e o th e r th in g . C o u ld y o u d o m e a b ig 
fa v o r? i h av e to w o rk la te th is e v e n in g s o ... w ou ld 
y o u m in d m e e t in g h im a t th e a ir p o r t?
Jenny N o t a t a ll . I ’d lik e to m e e t h im .
Rob A n d d o y o u th in k y o u c o u ld ta k e h im to m y 
f la t ? I ’ ll g iv e y o u th e key s.
Jenny N o p ro b le m , R o b .
Rob T h a n k s s o m u ch , ]e n n y . Y o u ’re a r e a l s ta r .
3 29)))
Paul H ey , m a n !
Rob P au l!
Paul I t ’s g r e a t to s e e y o u , m a te .
Rob Y o u to o , P a u l. I t ’s b e e n y e a r s . Y o u h a v e n ’t 
c h a n g e d a t a ll.
P a u l Ju s t g o t b e t te r lo o k in g !
Rob H o w c o m e y o u 're s o la te ?
Jenny P a u l's f l ig h t f r o m L A w a s d e la y e d . A n d th e n 
th e t r a f f i c c o m in g b a c k w a s ju s t a w fu l.
P a u l B u t th a t g av e u s t im e to g e t to k n o w e a c h 
o th e r .
Jenny Y e a h . P au l to ld m e a ll a b o u t h is tra v e ls . 
E v e r y d e ta il .
Paul A n d lo o k a t th is . Y o u r o w n N ew Y o rk f ia t . 
H o w c o o l i s th a t?
Rob I t ’s g o o d . R e a lly g o o d . B u t - d o y o u w a n t 
s o m e th in g to e a t? I g o t s o m e th in g s o n m y w ay 
h o m e .
Paul S ta y in ? I t ’s m y f ir s t n ig h t in th e B ig A p p le ! 
L e t ’s g o o u t a n d h ave a p iz z a o r s o m e th in g .
Rob 1 th o u g h t y o u ’d b e t ir e d a f t e r th e f l ig h t.
Paul N o w ay, m a n ! I ’m re a d y f o r a c t io n .
Rob G r e a t ! I ’l l g e t m y ja c k e t . . .
Jenny R o b , I th in k I 'l l g o h o m e i fy o u d o n ’t m in d . I, 
u h , I ’m e x h a u s te d .
Rob O h , O K th e n .
Paul S o i t ’s a b o y s ’ n ig h t o u t!
Rob Ju st lik e th e o ld d ay s!
Paul A n d a f t e r th e p iz z a w e c a n g o o n so m e w h e r e 
e ls e . R o b , w e ’v e g o t a lo t to ta lk a b o u t !
Listening 127
1 A
simple present and continuous, action and 
nonaction verbs
s im p le p re s e n t: / live , h e w o rk s , e tc .
1 I w o r k in a bank. She s tu d ie s Russ ian . 1 10)}) 
W e d o n ’t h a ve any pets. Jack d o e sn ’ t w e a r glasses.
W h e re d o you l iv e ? D o es you r b ro the r h a ve a car?
2 She u sua lly h a s cereal fo r breakfast.
I ’m never late fo r w ork.
W e on ly e a t o u t about once a m onth.
1 W e use the s im p le present fo r th ings that are a lways true o r 
happen regularly.
• Rem em ber the sp e llin g ru les fo r th ird person s ingu lar, e.g., 
lives, studies, watches.
• Rem em ber the w ord o rde r fo r questions: (question word), 
au x ilia ry , subject, base fo rm o f verb. Do you know David? 
What time does the movie start?
2 W e often use the s im p le present w ith adverbs o ffrequency, 
e.g., usually, never, o r express ions o f frequency, e.g., every day, 
once a week.
• A dve rbs o f frequency go before the m a in verb, and after be.
• E xp re ss ion s o f frequency u sua lly go at the end o f the 
sentence o r verb phrase.
p re s e n t c o n t in u o u s : b e + v e rb + - in g
A W h o a r c you w a it in g fo r? 1 ID ))
B I ’m w a it in g fo r a friend .
A Is you r s is te r s t i l l g o in g o u t w ith Adam ?
B N o , they broke up. She is n ’ t g o in g o u t w ith anyone 
righ t now.
• W e use the present con tinuous (not the s im p le present) 
fo r ac tion s in progress at the tim e o f speak ing , e.g., th ings 
that are happen ing now o r around now. These are usua lly 
tem porary, not hab itua l actions.
• Rem em ber the sp e llin g ru les, e.g., living, studying, getting.
• W e a lso use the present con tinuous fo r fu tu re arrangem ents 
(see IB ) .
a c t io n an d n o n a c t io n v e rb s
A W h a t are you cooking? 1 12)))
B I’m making pasta.
A G reat! I lo v e pasta.
A W h a t are you looking for?
B M y ca r keys.
A I ' l l he lp you in a m inute.
B Bu t I need them now!
• Verbs that describe actions, e.g., cook, make, can be used 
in the s im p le present o r con tinuous. I’m making lunch.
I usually m ake lunch on the weekend.
• Verbs that describe states o r feelings (not actions), e.g., love, 
need, be, are nonaction verbs. They are not usua lly used in 
the present con tinuous, even i f we mean “now .”
• C o m m o n nonaction verbs are agree, be, believe, belong, 
depend, forget, hate, hear, know, like, love, matter, mean, need, 
prefer, realize, recognize, remember, seem, suppose.
P Verbs than can be both action and nonaction
A few verbs have an action and a nonaction meaning, 
e.g., have and think.
I have a cat now. = possession (nonaction)
I can't talk now. I'm having lunch. = an action 
1 think this music's great. = opinion (nonaction)
What are you thinking about? = an action
a C o m p le te th e se n ten ce s w it h th e s im p le p re se n t o r 
p re se n t c o n t in u o u s fo rm s o f th e v e rb s in p a ren th eses).
W e doii’t go to C h in e se re s tau ran ts v e ry o ften , (not go)
1 T h e se days, m o st c h i ld r e n _________ too m any suga ry
snacks, (have)
2 _________ y o u __________any v ita m in s r ig h t now ? (take)
3 D o n 't eat th a t sp in a ch i f y o u _________ it. (no t like )
4 _________ y o u r b o y f r ie n d __________h o w to c o o k
f is h ? (know )
5 W e _________ take-ou t p iz za s d u r in g the week, (not get)
6 W h a t_________ y o u r m o th e r__________? It sm e lls
great! (make)
7 Y o u lo o k sad. W h a t _________ y o u __________
abou t? (th in k )
8 T h e d ie t in m y c o u n t r y _________ w orse , (get)
9 H o w o f te n _________ y o u __________sea food? (eat)
10 I _________ u s u a lly __________ fish , (no t cook)
b (C i r c l e) the c o r re c t fo rm , s im p le p re sen t, o r c o n t in u o u s .
(T doift belieyfoj I ’m not believing th a t you co o ked th is 
m ea l you rse lf.
1 C o m e on, le t ’s o rder. T h e w a ite r comes / is coming.
2 K a te doesn’t want / isn’t wanting to have d in n e r now .
She is n ’t hung ry .
3 T h e head c h e f is s ick , so he doesn’t work / isn’t working 
today.
4 T h e check seems / is seeming v e ry h ig h to me.
5 W e 've had an a rgum en t, so we don’t speak / 
aren't speaking to each o the r r ig h t now .
6 M y m o m thinks / is thinking m y d ie t is a w fu l these days.
7 D o we need / Are we needing to go sh o p p in g today?
8 C a n I c a ll you back? I have / I ’m having lu n ch r ig h t now .
9 i d id n 't use to l ik e o ily f is h , bu t n o w I love / I ’m loving it!
10 W h a t do you cook / are you cooking? It sm e lls d e lic io u s !
GRAMMAR BANKI B
future forms
b e g o in g to + b a se fo rm
future plans and intentions 1 17)))
M y s is te r’s going to adopt a ch ild .
Are you going to buy a new' ca r o r a used one?
I’m not going to go to N ew Y o rk C it y tom orrow . The 
m eeting is canceled.
predictions 1 18)))
T he Yankees are going to win. They 're p lay ing rea lly w ell. 
L o o k at those b lack clouds. I th in k i t ’s going to rain.
• W e use going to ( N O T will / won’t) w hen we have a lready 
decided to do som eth ing . N O T My sister will adoprcrchikh
• W e a lso use going to to m ake a p red ic tion about the future, 
espec ia lly w hen you can see o r have som e evidence
(e.g., b lack clouds).
p re s e n t c o n t in u o u s : b e + v e rb + - in g
future arrangements 1 19)))
L o rn a and James are getting m arried in O ctober.
We’re meeting at 10:00 tom o rrow in jack 's office.
Jane’s leaving on F rid a y and coming back next Tuesday.
• W e o ften use the present con tinuous fo r fu ture arrangem ents.
• The re is very lit t le d iffe rence between the present con tinuous 
and going to fo r fu tu re p lans / arrangem ents, and o ften you 
can use either.
- going to show s that you have made a decis ion.
We’re going to get married next year.
- the present con tinuous em phasizes that you have made 
the arrangem ents. We’re getting married on October 12th.
(= we've ordered the in v ita tions, etc.)
• W e o ften use the present con tinuous w ith verbs re la ting 
to trave l arrangem ents, e.g., go, come, arrive, leave, etc.
I’m going to Tokyo tomorrow and coming back on Tuesday.
w il l + b a s e fo rm
instant decisions, promises, offers, predictions, 1 20)))
future facts, suggestions
I ’ l l have the steak, (instan t decision)
I won’t tell anybody where you are. (prom ise)
I ’ l l carry that bag fo r you. (offer)
Y o u ’ l l lo v e N ew Y o rk C ity ! (p red iction)
I ’ l l b e hom e a ll a fte rnoon , (fu ture fact)
W e use will / won’t (N O T the simple present) fo r instant decisions, 
prom ises, offers, and suggestions. N O T Icarry that bagforyou. 
• W e can a lso use will / won’t fo r p red ictions, e.g., I think the 
Yankees will win, and to ta lk about fu tu re facts, e.g., The 
election will be on March 1st.
a ( C ir c le ) th e c o r r e c t fo rm . C h e c k / the
sen ten ce i f b o th a re p o ss ib le .
M y grandparents are going to retire / will retire 
next year. /
1 We’U invite / We’re going to in v ite y o u r 
pa ren ts fo r S u nd ay lunch?
2 I’m going to make / I ’ll make a cake fo r y o u r 
m om 's b irth d ay , i f you w ant.
3 I ’m not having / I ’m not going to have d in n e r 
w ith m y fa m ily ton ig h t.
4 T h e e xam will be / is being o n the la st F r id a y 
o f the semester.
5 Y ou can tru s t m e. I ’m not telling / 1 won’t tell 
anyone w h a t you to ld me.
6 M y cou s in is arriving / will arrive at 5:30 p.m .
7 I t h in k the b ir th ra te will go down / is going to 
go down in m y c o u n try in the n ex t few years.
8 I ’m not going to go / I won’t go to m y b ro th e r- 
in - la w ’s p a r ty n e x t w eekend.
9 I ’m going to help / I ’ll help you w ith the dishes.
b C o m p le te B ’s r e p lie s w it h a c o r r e c t fu tu re fo rm .
A W h a t 's y o u r s tepm o the r g o in g to do abou t he r ca r?
B S he’s going to buy a used one,(buy)
1 A I’m go in g to m is s you.
B D o n 't w o rry . I p ro m ise I _________ every day. (w rite)
2 A W h a t are A la n 's p lan s fo r the fu tu re?
B H e _________ a degree in eng in ee rin g , (earn)
3 A C a n I see you to n ig h t?
B N o , I _________ late. H o w abou t Sa tu rd ay? (w ork)
4 A W h a t w o u ld you l ik e fo r an appe tize r?
B I _________ the sh r im p , p lease, (have)
5 A T h e re ’s n o th in g in the re fr ig e ra to r.
B O K . _________ w e __________som e take -ou t M e x ic a n fo od? (get)
6 A I d o n ’t have an y m oney, so I ca n 't go out.
B N o p rob lem , I _________ you som e, (lend)
7 A C a n w e have a ba rbecue to m o rro w ?
B I d o n ’t th in k so. O n the ra d io they sa id tha t i t _________ . (ra in)
8 A W e la n d at abou t e igh t o ’c lo ck .
B _________ y o u __________a r id e f ro m the a irp o r t? (need)
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Online Practice 133
I’ll have the steak.
s im p le p a s t (w o rk e d , s to p p e d , w e n t, had, e tc .)present perfect and simple past
present perfect: h a v e /h a s + past participle (w o rk e d , seen , etc.)
1 past experiences 1 42)))
I’ve been to M ia m i but l haven’t been to Tampa.
H a v e you ever lo s t you r c red it card?
S a lly has never met B i l l ’s ex-w ife.
2 with yet and already (for emphasis)
l ’ve a lready se e n th is m ov ie tw ice . C a n ’t we w atch another one?J
M y b ro the r h a s n ’ t fo u n d a job yet. H e 's s t il l look ing .
H a v e you f in is h e d you r hom ew ork yet? N o , not yet.
1 W e use the present perfect fo r past experiences w hen we don 't say exactly 
when they happened.
• W e often use ever and never when we ask o r ta lk about past 
experiences. T hey go before the m a in verb.
2 In A m e r ican Eng lish , we use the present perfect and the s im p le past w ith 
yet and already.
• already is used in 0 sentences and goes before the m a in verb.
• yet is used w ith Q sentences and [?]. It goes at the end o f the phrase.
• F o r ir re g u la r past pa rtic ip le s see I r r e g u la r v e rb s p.165.
They got m arried last year. 1 43)))
W h a t tim e did you wake up th is m orn ing?
I didn’t have tim e to do m y hom ew ork.
• Use the s im p le past fo r f in ish ed past actions 
(when we say, ask, o r know when they happened).
p re s e n t p e r f e c t o r s im p le p a s t ?
I’ve been to M ia m i tw ice. 1 44)))
(= in my life up to now)
I went there in 1998 and 2002.
(= on tw o spec ific occasions)
• U se the s im p le past ( N O T the present perfect) 
to ask o r ta lk about f in ish ed actions in the past, 
when the time is mentioned or understood.
W e o ften use a past t im e express ion, e.g., 
yesterday, last week, etc.
a C o m p le te th e m in i d ia lo g u e s w ith the 
p re se n t p e r fe c t f o r m o f th e v e rb in 
p a re n th e se s an d an a d ve rb f r o m th e lis t .
Y o u c a n u se th e a d ve rb s m o re th a n once .
already ever never yet
A _________y o u __________ the
lo t t e r y _________ ? (play)
B T h a t 's w h y I ’m s m il in g - 1 w o n $50 !
1 A _________y o u _____________________a f l ig h t o n lin e ? (book)
B Yes, o f cou rse . I’ve done it m a n y tim es .
2 A W h e n are you g o in g to b u y a m o to rcyc le ?
B S oon . I ___________________ a lm o s t$ l,0 0 0 . (save)
3 A _________y o u __________ the e le c tr ic ity b i l l _________ ? (pay)
B N o , so rry . I fo rgo t.
4 A _________ y o u r p a re n ts____________________ yo u m oney? (lend)
B Yes, bu t I p a id it b ack as so o n as I cou ld .
5 A H o w does eBay w o rk ?
B I d o n ’t know . I ______________________________it. (use)
6 A _________y o u _____________________to T h a ila n d ? (be)
B N o , I haven ’t. B u t I'd l ik e to som e day.
7 A W h y d o n 't y o u have any m oney?
B I ___________________ m y sa lary . I b ou gh t a n ew tab le t
la st w eek, (spend)
8 A D o you l ik e H u g h Jackm an?
B Yes, I ___________________ h is n ew m o v ie tw ice ! (see)
b R ig h t o r w ro n g ? W r it e a c h e c k / o r a n /
n e x t to th e sen ten ce s . C o r r e c t th e w ro n g 
sen ten ces.
I ’ve never been in debt. </
H o w m uch has y o u r new cam era cost? X 
How much did your new camera cost?
1 D e a n in h e r ite d $ 5 ,0 0 0 f ro m a re la tive .
2 D id y o u r s is te r pay y o u b a ck yet?
3 W e b ooked o u r v a ca t io n o n lin e a 
m o n th ago.
4 W h e n have you b ou gh t tha t lea the r jacket?
5 T h e y 'v e f in is h e d p a y in g b a ck the lo an la st 
m on th .
6 W e haven ’t p a id the gas b i l l yet.
7 H ave you ever w asted a lo t o f m oney on 
som e th in g ?
8 I’m sure I haven ’t b o rro w e d any m oney 
f ro m you la st w eek.
9 I spen t m y sa la ry re a lly q u ic k ly la s t m on th .
10 H ave you seen the B a tm an m o v ie o n T V 
yesterday?
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2 A
GRAMMAR BANK2B
present perfect + for/since, present perfect continuous
present perfect + f o r / s in c e
T h e y ’ve known each o the r fo r ten years. 1 47)))
Ju lia h a s h a d that bag s ince she was in college.
A H o w long h a ve you worked here?
B S ince 1996.
A H o w long h a s you r b ro the r h a d h is m otorcycle?
B F o r about a year.
• W e use the present perfect +for o r since w ith n o n a c t io n v e rb s (e.g., like, 
have, know, etc.) to ta lk about som eth ing that started in the past and is 
s t i l l true now.
They’ve known each other fo r tenyears. (= they m et ten years ago, and they 
s t il l know each o the r today)
• W e use How long...? + present perfect to ask about an un fin ish ed period 
o f tim e (from the past u n t il now).
• W e use fo r + a period o f tim e, e.g., fo r two weeks, o r since + a po in t o f tim e, 
e.g., since 1990.
• D o n 't use the sim p le present w ith fo r / since, N O T They know each other 
f o r nIongtime.
present perfect continuous: have / h a s b e e n + verb + -ing
1 H o w long have you been learning En g lish ? 1 48)))
N ic k has been working here s ince A p r il .
T h e y ’ve been going out together fo r about th ree years.
2 Y o u r eyes are red. Have you been crying?
N o , I’ve been cutting on ions.
1 W e use the present perfect con tinuous w ith /o r 
and since w ith a c t io n v e rb s (e.g., learn, work, go, 
etc.) to ta lk about actions that started in the past 
and are s t i l l true now.
• D o n 't use the present con tinuous w ith / o r / 
since, N O T l am working h ere fo r twoyears.
2 W e can a lso use the present perfect con tinuous 
fo r con tinuous o r repeated actions that have been 
happen ing very recently. T he actions have usua lly 
ju st fin ished .
I’ve (I have)
You’ve (You have)
He / She / It’s (He has) 
We’ve (We have) 
They’ve (They have)
been working here 
for two years.
Have you been working
here for two years?
Yes,
1 have.
No,
1 haven’t.
Has she been working
here for two years?
Yes,
she has.
No,
she hasn’t.
work and live
Work and live are often used in either present 
perfect or present perfect continuous with 
the same meaning.
I’ve lived here since 1980.
I’ve been living here since 1980.
a C o r r e c t th e m is ta k e s .
H a r r y is u nem p loyed s in ce la s t year.
Harry has been unemployed since last year
1 W e 've had o u r new ap a rtm en t s in ce s ix m on th s.
2 H i , Jackie! H o w are you ? I d o n ’t see you fo r ages!
3 H o w lo n g are you k n o w in g y o u r husband?
4 E m ily has been a vo lu n te e r fo r ten yea rs ago.
5 Pau l doesn’t eat an y th in g since yesterday because he's sick.
6 It h asn 't ra in e d s in ce tw o m on th s.
7 H o w lo n g has y o u r pa ren tsbeen m a rr ie d ?
8 T h e y ’ re h a v in g th e ir d og s in ce th ey go t m a rried .
9 I haven ’t go tten any e m a ils f ro m m y b ro th e r fo r 
la s t w in te r.
10 M y g ra n d m o th e r liv e s in the sam e house a l l he r life .
b M a k e sen ten ce s w ith th e p re se n t p e r fe c t o r p re se n t 
p e r fe c t c o n t in u o u s ( a n d /o r / since i f ne ce ssa ry ). U s e the 
p re se n t p e r fe c t c o n t in u o u s i f p o s s ib le .
I / w o rk fo r a c h a r ity / e igh t years
I ’ve been working fo r a charity fo r eight years.
1 w e / k n o w each o th e r / w e w ere c h ild re n
2 the c h ild re n / p lay co m p u te r gam es / tw o hou rs
3 y o u r s is te r / have th a t h a irs ty le / a lo ng t im e?
4 1/ love he r / the f ir s t day w e m et
5 m y In te rn e t c o n n e c t io n / n o t w o rk / yesterday
6 h o w lo ng / you / w a it?
7 I / be a teacher / th ree years
8 it / sn ow / f iv e o ’c lo c k th is m o rn in g
9 S am / n o t s tudy enough / re cen tly
10 y o u / liv e in C h ic a g o / a lo n g t im e?
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Online Practice 135
I haven’t (I have not) 
You haven’t 
He / She / It hasn't 
We haven’t 
They haven’t
been working here 
for two years.
comparing tw o actionscomparatives and superlatives: 
adjectives and adverbs
comparing tw o people, places, things, etc.
1 M y sister is a litt le taller than me. 2 ID)) 
San Francisco is more expensive than Chicago. 
T h is test is less difficult than the last one. 
O liv e o i l is better fo r you than butter.
2 T he new sofa isn 't as comfortable as the 
o ld one.
I don 't have as many books as I used to.
1 W e use com parative adjectives to com pare tw o 
people, places, th ings, etc.
• R eg u la r com parative adjectives: sp e llin g ru les
old > older big > bigger easy > easier 
modem > more modern difficult > m ore difficul
• Irregu la r com parative adjectives:
good > better bad > worse fa r > farther / 
further
• O ne-sy llab le adjectives end ing in -ed:
bored > m ore bored stressed > m ore stressed 
tired > more tired
1 M y fa the r d rives faster than me. 2 12)))
You w a lk more quickly than l do.
A tla n ta p layed worse today than la st week.
2 M a x doesn 't speak E n g lish as well as h is w ife does.
I don 't earn as much as m y boss.
1 W e use com parative adverbs to com pare tw o actions.
• R eg u la r com parative adverbs: sp e llin g ru les
fast > faster slowly > m ore slowly carefully > m ore carefully
• Irregu la r comparatives:
well > better badly > worse
2 W e can a lso use (not) as + adverb + as to m ake com parisons, 
superlatives
2 W e can a lso use (not) as + adjective + as to make 
com parisons.
f j Object pronouns (me, him, etc.) after than 
and as
After than or as we can use an object pronoun 
(me, him, her, etc.) or a subject pronoun (/, he, 
she, etc.) + auxiliary verb.
She’s taller than me. OR She’s taller than I am. 
NOT -ShHs-tatler-thafrl.
They're not as busy as us. OR They’re not as 
busy as we are. NOT -Tkey-'fe-not -aslousy-as-we.
the same as
We use the same as to say that two people, 
places, things, etc. are identical.
Her dress is the same as mine.
• W e use superlative adjectives and adverbs to com pare people, th ings, o r 
actions w ith a ll o f th e ir group.
• F o rm superlatives lik e com paratives, bu t use -est instead o f -er and most / 
least instead o f more / less.
• W e u sua lly use the before superlatives, bu t you can a lso use possessive 
adjectives, e.g., my best friend, their most famous song.
• W e o ften use a superlative w ith present perfect + ever, e.g., It’s the best 
book I’ve ever read.
P in after superlatives
Use in (NOT of) before places after a superlative.
It’s the longest bridge in the world. NOT o f the world
It’s the best beach in Florida. NOT of Florida
a C o m p le te w it h th e c o m p a ra t iv e o r s u p e r la t iv e o f the 
bold w o rd (and than i f ne ce ssa ry ).
W h a t ’s the fastest w av to get a ro u n d M ia m i? fast
1 I th in k s k i in g i s _________ ho rseback r id in g , easy
2 A m o to rcy c le i s _________ a scoo te r, powerful
3 I t h in k th a t tra v e lin g b y t ra in i s _________ fo rm o f
tra n sp o rta t io n , relaxing
4 Y ou w a lk _________ I do. slowly
5 _________ tim e to trave l is o n h o lid a y w eekends, bad
6 _________ I've ever d r iv e n is f r o m W a sh in g to n , D .C . to
C h ic a g o , far
7 T h e L o n d o n U n d e rg ro u n d i s _________ the subw ay in
N e w Y o rk C ity , old
8 T h is i s _________ bu s I've ever been on. hot
9 O f a l l m y fa m ily , m y m o m i s _________ d r iv e r , good
b C o m p le te w it h o n e w o rd .
G o in g by m o to rb o a t is more e x c it in g th an tra ve lin g 
b y ferry.
1 A bus is n ’t as c o m fo r ta b le ______a tra in .
2 It ’s ______m o st expens ive ca r w e ’ve ever bought.
3 T h e t r a f f ic w as w o r s e ______w e expected .
4 T h is is the lo nges t t r ip I ’v e ______been on.
5 H e gets hom e late, bu t h is w ife a rr iv e s la te r t h a n _____
6 T h e ______in te re s t in g p lace I ’ve ever v is ite d is Ven ice .
7 I leave h om e at the sam e t im e ______m y b ro the r.
8 H e d r iv e s ______c a re fu lly th an h is g ir l f r ie n d - he's
never had an acc iden t.
9 W e d o n 't go a b ro a d ______o fte n as w e used to.
10 W h a t 's the longest f re e w a y_____ the U S ?
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3 A
K e v in is the tallest player on the team. 2 13)))
Tokyo is the most expensive c ity in the w orld .
T he sm a ll bag is the least expensive.
Lucy is the best student in the class.
W h o dresses the most stylishly in y ou r fam ily?
T ha t's the worst w e’ve ever played.
GRAMMAR BANK3B
articles: a/an , the, no article
a / an
1 I saw an old man w ith a dog. 2 17)))
2 It's a nice house. She's a lawyer.
3 W h a t an awful day!
4 I have classes three tim es a week.
• W e use the:
1 when we ta lk about som eth ing w e ’ve a lready m entioned.
2 when it 's c lea r w hat you 're re fe rrin g to.
3 when there's o n ly one o f som eth ing.
4 w ith places in a town, e.g., movies and theater.
5 w ith superlatives.
no a r t ic le
• W e use a / an w ith s in gu la r countab le nouns:
1 the f ir s t tim e you m en tion a th ing / person.
2 w hen you say w hat som eth ing is o r what 
som ebody does.
3 in exc lam ations w ith What...!
4 in express ions o f frequency.
the
1 l saw an o ld m an w ith a dog. 2 18)))
The dog w as bark ing.
2 M y fa the r opened the door.
The children are at schoo l.
3 The moon goes around the Earth.
4 I'm go ing to the movies ton ight.
5 It's the best restauran t in town.
1 Women usua lly ta lk m ore than men 
Love is m ore im p o rta n t than money
2 She's not at home today.
I get back from work at 5:30.
3 I never have breakfast.
4 See you next Friday.
• W e don 't use an article:
1 when we are speak ing in genera l (w ith p lu ra l and uncountab le nouns). 
Com pare:
I love flow ers. (= flow e rs in general)
I love theflow ers in my garden. (= the sp e c if ic flow e rs in m y garden)
2 w ith some nouns, (e.g., home, work, school) a fte r at / to I from.
3 before m eals, days, and m onths.
4 before next / last + day, week, etc.
2 19)))
a (Circle) the correct answers. b
I love (wedding)/ the weddings!
1 Jess is nurse / a nurse in a ho sp ita l. A hospital /
The hospital is fa r f ro m he r house. 1
2 W h a t a horrible day / horrible dayl W e 'll
have to have o u r p ic n ic in the car / a car. ^
3 M y w ife l ik e s love stories / the love stories,
bu t I p re fe r the war movies / war movies. ^
4 W e go to theater / the theater about
once a month / once the month. 4
5 I ’m h a v in g dinner / the dinner with som e
fr ie n d s the next Friday / next Friday. 5
6 M y b o y fr ie n d is chef / a chef. I th in k h e ’s 
the best cook I best cook in the w o rld . 6
7 I ’m no t su re i f I c lo sed the windows / 
windows b e fo re I le ft the home / home 
th is m o rn in g .
8 In genera l, I lik e dogs / the dogs, b u t I d o n ’t
l ik e dogs I the dogs tha t liv e n ex t d o o r to m e. 8
9 I got to the school / school la te eve ry day 
the last week / last week.
9
10 I t h in k happiness / the happiness is m o re 
im p o rta n t th an success / the success.
C o m p le te w ith a / an, the, o r - (= n o a rt ic le ) .
A W e ’re lo st. L e t ’s s top and b u y a m ap.
B N o need. I ' l l pu t the address in the G P S .
A H o w o fte n do you go t o ______gym ?
B A b o u t th ree t im e s ______w eek. B u t I never
go o n _________ Fridays .
A W h a t t im e d o e s______t r a in leave?
B In ten m in u te s . C a n you g ive m e ______rid e t o ______ sta tion?
A W h a t ______b e a u t ifu l dress!
B T h a n k s . I b ou gh t it o n ______sa le ______ la s t m on th .
A W h a t ’s ______m o st in te re s t in g p lace to v is it in y o u r tow n?
B P ro b a b ly _____ m useum . I t ’s _______o ldest b u ild in g in tow n .
A W h a t sh o u ld w e d o ______next w eekend?
B L e t ’s in v ite som e fr ie n d s f o r ______lu n ch . W e co u ld eat ou ts ide
i n ______yard.
A D o y o u l ik e ______dogs?
B N o t rea lly . I p re fe r______cats. I t h in k th e y ’r e ______ best pets.
A Is y o u r m o m ______ housew ife?
B N o , she ’s ______teacher. S h e ’s a lw ays t ire d w hen she gets hom e
f r o m ______w o rk .
A H ave you ever h a d ______p ro b le m in y o u r re la t io n sh ip ?
B Yes, bu t w e go t o v e r______p ro b lem , and w e go t m a r r ie d ______
la s t year.
A W h e n i s _____ m eeting?
B T h e y 'v e ch a n g e d ______date. I t 's ______ nex t Tuesday now.
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Online Practice 137
can, could, be able to (ability and possibility)
c a n / c o u ld
I can speak three languages fluently. 2 34)))
Jenny can’t com e ton ight. She's sick.
M y cous in could play the v io lin w hen she was three.
They couldn’t w a it because they were in a hu rry .
Could you open the d oo r fo r me, please?
• can is a m odal verb. It o n ly has a present fo rm (w h ich can be used w ith 
fu tu re m ean ing) and a past o r cond it io n a l fo rm (could).
• F o r a ll o the r tenses and fo rm s, we use be able to + base fo rm .
b e a b le to + b a se fo rm
1 Luke has been able to sw im since he was three. 2 35)))
I'd lik e to be able to ski.
I love being able to stay in bed late on Sunday m orn ing .
Y o u ’ l l be able to practice you r E n g lish in the U S .
2 Fo rtunate ly , I am a b le to accept you r in v ita tion .
M y co lleagues weren’t able to com e to yesterday's meeting.
1 W e use be able to + base fo rm fo r a b ility and 
po ss ib ility , espec ia lly where there is no fo rm o f 
can, e.g., fu ture, present perfect, in f in it iv e and 
gerund, etc.
2 W e som etim es use be able to in the present and 
past (instead o f can / could), u sua lly i f we w an t to 
be m ore fo rm a l.
a C o m p le te w it h th e c o r r e c t f o r m o f be able to ( 0 , E L
or[?]).
I ’ve never been able to scuba d ive .
1 H e r c e ll phone has been tu rn e d o f f a l l m o rn in g , so I 
 ta lk to h e r vet.
2 I d o n 't l ik e n o is y re stau ran ts. I l i k e _________________
have a co n ve rsa tio n w ith o u t shou ting .
3 I _________________leave hom e w hen I get a job.
4 W e 're h a v in g a p a r ty n e x t S a tu rd a y ._________________
y o u _________________com e?
5 Y ou n e e d ________________ sw im be fo re you can go in a
canoe.
6 I'm g o in g to F ran ce n e x t w eek, bu t I d o n 't speak
F ren ch . I h a te _________________co m m u n ic a te w ith
peop le.
7 Fo rtu n a te ly , f ir e f ig h te r s _________________rescue a l l o f
the peop le trapped in s id e the b u rn in g house.
8 I ’m ve ry so rry , b u t w e _________________go to y o u r
w e d d in g n e x t m on th . W e 'l l be o n vaca tion .
9 I'm fe e lin g a lit t le w o rs e ._________________you
_________________co n ta c t the d o c to r yet?
10 T h e m a n a g e r________________ see y o u r ig h t n ow
because he's in a m eeting .
b ( C ir c le ) th e c o r re c t fo rm . C h e c k / i f b o th a re p o s s ib le .
I ’ve a lw ays w an ted to can /(be ab le lcjidance salsa.
1 M y lit t le b o y couldn't / wasn’t able to speak u n t il he w as 
a lm o s t tw o yea rs o ld .
2 S h e ’s m u ch be tte r a fte r he r o pe ra t ion . S h e ’ l l can / 
be able to w a lk ag a in in a few m onth s.
3 H e hasn 't could / been able to f ix m y b ik e yet. H e ’ l l d o it 
to m o rrow .
4 It ’s the w eekend a t last! I love can / being able to go o u t 
w it h m y fr iend s.
5 W h e n w e liv e d on the coast, w e used to can / be able to 
go to the beach eve ry day.
6 I can ’t / ’m not able to send any e m a ils r ig h t now .
M y co m p u te r is n ’t w o rk in g .
7 I could I was able to read be fo re I s ta rted schoo l.
8 W e w o n ’t can / be able to go o n va ca t io n th is year 
because w e need to spend a lo t o f m oney o n the house.
9 L in d a hasn't been able to / couldiih f in d a job.
10 A le x can / is able to sp eak K o re a n f lu e n t ly a fte r l iv in g 
in S e o u l fo r ten years.
< p .34
138
4 A
Could you open the door 
for me, please?
GRAMMAR BANK4 B
have to, must, should
have t o / m u s t (+ base form)
1 You have to w ear a seat be lt in the car. 2 4 2 )))
D o you have to w o rk on Saturdays?
I had to w ear a u n ifo rm at m y e lem entary schoo l.
I’ l l have t o get up early tom orrow . M y in te rv iew is a t 9:00.
2 Y ou must be on tim e tom o rrow because there's a test.
Y ou must rem em ber to ca ll E m ily - it's her b irthday.
3 I love the Louvre ! You have t o go w hen you 're in Paris.
Y ou must see th is m ov ie — it's am azing!
• have to and must are u sua lly used to ta lk about o b lig a t io n o r 
som eth ing that is necessary to do.
1 have to is a n o rm a l verb and it ex ists in a ll tenses and fo rm s, 
e.g., a lso as a gerund o r in f in it iv e .
2 must is a m oda l verb. It o n ly ex ists in the present, but it can be 
used w ith a fu tu re m eaning.
3 You can a lso use have to o r must fo r strong recom m endations.
P have to or must?
Have to and must have a very similar meaning, and you 
can usually use either form.
Have to is more common for general, external obligations, 
for example rules and laws.
Must is more common for specific (i.e., on one occasion) 
or personal obligations. Compare:
I have to wear a shirt and tie a t work. (= It’s the rule in this 
company.)
I must buy a new shirt - this one is too old now. (= It’s my 
own decision.)
have got to
Have got to is often used instead of have to in spoken 
English, e.g., I’ve got to go now. It's very late.
d o n 't h a ve to
Y ou don’t have to pay - th is m useum is free. 2 4 3 )))
Y ou don’t have to go to the p a rty i f you don ’t w ant to.
m u s t n o t
Y ou must not park here. 2 44)))
• W e use don’t have to w hen there is no o b liga tion to do 
som eth ing , and must not when som eth ing is p roh ib ited.
• don’t have to and must not are com plete ly d iffe rent. Com pare: 
You don't have to drive - we can take a train. (= You can d rive i f 
you w ant to, but it ’s no t necessary / obligatory.)
You must not drive along this street. (= It's p roh ib ited , against 
the law, N O T You don’t-kaveto-drive along this street.)
• You can o ften use can’t o r not allowed to insteado f must not. 
You must not / can ’t / ’re not allowed to park here.
s h o u ld / s h o u ld n 't (+ b a s e fo rm )
You should take w arm c lo thes w ith you to Q u ito . 2 45))) 
It m igh t be co ld at n ight.
Y ou shouldn’t d r in k so m uch coffee. It isn ’t good fo r you.
I th in k the governm ent should do som eth ing about 
unem ploym ent.
• should is no t as strong as must / have to. W e use it to give advice 
o r an o p in io n - to say i f we th in k som eth ing is the r ig h t o r 
w rong th in g to do.
• should is a m oda l verb. T he o n ly fo rm s are should / shouldn’t.
a C o m p le te w it h th e c o r re c t fo rm o f have to ( 0 , Q , o r [7]).
I’ll have to c a ll b ack la te r because the lin e 's busy. 0
1 P a sseng e rs_________ tu rn o f f th e ir la p to p s d u r in g ta k e -o f f Q
2 _________ y o u __________do a lo t o f h o m e w o rk w hen you w ere in
sch oo l? CO
3 M y s is te r is a nu rse , so som e w eeks sh e _________ w o rk n ig h ts . 0
4 _________ you e v e r__________have an o p e ra t io n ? [7]
5 Sa tu rd ays a re the best day o f the w eek. I lo v e _________ get up
early. Q
6 I _________ leave a message on he r vo icem a il because she w asn ’t in . 0
7 In the fu tu re , p e o p le _________ go to schoo l; th e y 'll a l l s tudy at
hom e. G
8 W it h o ld c e ll phones, you used t o _________ cha rge the ba tte ry
m o re o ften . 0
9 _________ you r b o y fr iend_________ answ er h is w o rk em ails on
weekends? |T]
10 T h e e x h ib it io n w as free, so I _________ pay. QJ
(̂ C i r c le ) th e c o r r e c t fo rm . C h e c k / i f b o th 
a re p o s s ib le .
Y o u don’t have to /(jnust'nop use y o u r phone 
in qu ie t zones.
1 D o you th in k w e should j have to te x t D a d to 
te ll h im w e ’ l l be late?
2 Y o u don 't have to / must not send text 
m essages w h e n you are d r iv in g .
3 A p i lo t has to / must w ea r a u n ifo rm w hen 
he ’s at w o rk .
4 Y o u shouldn’t / must not ta lk on you r ce ll 
phone w h e n you 're f i l l in g up the ca r w ith gas.
5 I have to / should speak to m y phone 
com pany. M y la st b i l l w as w rong .
6 W e don 't have to / shouldn't hu rry . W e have 
p len ty o f tim e.
< p .39
Online Practice 139
b
p a s t p e r fe c t : h a d + p a s t p a r t ic ip le
5 A
past tenses
s im p le p a s t: w o rk e d , s to p p e d , w e n t, had , e tc .
She was bo rn in Seou l. 3 10)))
They got m arried last year.
O n the way to R om e we stopped in F lo rence fo r the n ight.
T he p lane didn’t arrive on tim e.
W h a t tim e did you get up th is m o rn ing?
• W e use the s im p le past fo r fin ish ed actions in the past (when 
we say, ask, o r know when they happened).
• Rem em ber Irregular verbs p. 165.
p a s t c o n t in u o u s : w a s / w e re + v e rb + - in g
1 W h a t were you doing at s ix o ’c lo ck last n igh t? 3 ID))
2 1 was driving along the freeway when it started snow ing.
3 W h ile 1 was doing the housew ork the ch ild re n were 
playing in the yard.
4 It was a co ld n igh t and it was raining. I was watching T V 
in the l iv in g room ...
1 W e use the past con tinuous to ta lk about an action in progress 
at a sp e c if ic tim e in the past.
2 W e o ften use the past con tinuous to describe a past ac tion in 
progress that was in te rrup ted by another action (expressed in 
the s im p le past).
3 W e o ften use the past con tinuous w ith while fo r tw o actions 
happen ing at the same tim e.
4 W e o ften use the past con tinuous to describe the b eg inn ing o f 
a sto ry o r anecdote.
a > th e c o r r e c t fo rm .
T h e teache r gave R ob b ie a ze ro because he cheated / 
<Juld~cheate$> on the exam .
1 T h e y d id n ’t w in the gam e a lth o u g h they were training / 
had trained e ve ry even ing .
2 M ik e had an a cc id en t w h ile he drove / was driving 
to w o rk .
3 I cleaned / had cleaned the house w hen I go t hom e. It 
lo o ke d great.
4 W h e n w e a rr iv e d , the gam e started / had started. W e go 
there ju st in t im e and saw the w ho le game!
5 T h e c a p ta in didn’t score / hadn’t scored a n y goa ls w hen 
the re fe ree e jected h im .
6 M y son got in ju re d w h ile he played / wasplaying 
ba ske tb a ll la st Sa turday.
7 L u c k ily , w e stopped / had stopped s k i in g w hen the 
sn o w s to rm sta rted . W e w ere a lre a d y ba ck at the hote l.
8 T h e L ake rs weren’t losing / hadn ’t lost any o f th e ir 
gam es d u r in g th e ir t r ip to the E a s t C oas t.
9 T h e referee suspended the gam e because it was mining / 
mined to o ha rd to play.
W h en they tu rned on the TV, the game had already 3 12))) 
finished.
A s soon as I shut the door, I rea lized that I ’d left m y keys on 
the table.
W e cou ldn ’t get a table in the restaurant because we hadn’t 
booked one.
• W e use the past perfect when we are ta lk in g about the past 
and we w an t to ta lk about an earlie r past action . Com pare: 
When John arrived, they went out. (= f ir s t John a rr ived and 
then they w en t out)
When John arrived, they had gone out. (= they w en t out before 
John arrived)
u s in g n a r ra t iv e t e n s e s t o g e th e r
It was a co ld n igh t and it was raining. 1 was 3 13)))
watching T V in the l iv in g room . Sudden ly 1 heard a knock 
at the door. 1 got up and opened the door. B u t there was 
nobody there. T he person w ho had knocked on the doo r 
had disappeared...
• Use the past con tinuous (was mining, was watching) to set 
the scene.
• U se the s im p le past (heard, got up, etc.) to say w hat happened.
• U se the past perfect (had knocked, had disappeared) to say 
w hat happened before the prev ious past action.
b C o m p le te w it h th e s im p le past, p a s t c o n t in u o u s , o r
p a s t p e rfe c t.
T h e m a ra th on ru n n e r was sweating w hen she crossed 
the f in is h lin e , (sweat, cross)
1 T h e a c c id e n t_________ w h e n th e y __________hom e.
(happen , d r ive )
2 T h e c r o w d _________ w hen the re fe ree__________ the
f in a l w h is t le , (cheer, b low )
3 I _________ her at f ir s t because s h e __________so m uch.
(no t re cog n ize , change)
4 T h e p o l ic e _________ her on the freew ay because she
_________ a seat be lt, (stop, n o t wear)
5 S om e o f the p la y e rs_________ w h ile the c o a c h ________
to them , (no t lis te n , ta lk)
6 W e _________ use the s k i s lo p e because i t __________
enough, (not can , n o t snow )
7 T h e y _________ p lay te n n is because th e y __________a
co u rt, (not ab le to, n o t book)
8 T h e p la y e r_________ a y e llo w ca rd because h e ________
h is s h ir t , (get, take o ff)
< p . 4 6
GRAMMAR BANK5B
present and past habits and states: usually and used to
1 I usually get up at 8:00 d u r in g the week. 3 17)))
I don’t normally go out d u r in g the week.
H ouses in the subu rbs usually have yards.
Do you normally walk to w ork?
2 W e used to go to the beach fo r ou r vacations when I was a ch ild .
H e didn’t use to do any exercise, bu t now he run s m arathons.
I never used to like hockey, but I w atch it every week now.
W e used to be close friends, but we don 't ta lk to each o the r anym ore. 
T h a t b u ild in g used to be a restaurant, but it c losed dow n la st year.
Did they use to live dow ntow n?
Didn’t you use to have long ha ir?
1 F o r present hab its we can use usually o r normally + s im p le present.
N O T I used to get tip at 8:00.
2 F o r past hab its we use used to / didn’t use to + base form .
• used to does not ex is t in the present tense. N O T f t tse f o-get tip at 8:00 
during the week.
• W e use usedto fo r th ing s tha t were true over a pe riod o f tim e in the 
past. Used to o ften refers to som eth ing that is not true now.
I used to play a lot o f sports. (= 1 played a lo t o f spo rts fo r a pe riod o f tim e 
in the past, but now' I d on ’t.)
• used to I didn’t use to can be used w ith ac tion verbs (e.g., go, do) and 
nonaction verbs (e.g., be, have).
• W e can a lso use the s im p le past to describe past hab its (often w ith an 
adverb o f frequency).
W e (often) went to the beach fo r our vacations when I was a child.
I lived downtown until I got married.
used to or s im p le past?
We can use used to or simple past for 
repeated actions or states, and the meaning 
is the same.
I used to live in Miami as a child. / I lived In 
Miami as a child.
But if the action happened only once, or we 
mention exact dates or number of times, we 
have to use simple past.
I went to Paris last year. NOT / used to go to 
Paris last year.
Jack caught the train to Chicago four times 
last week. NOT Jack used to catch the train to 
Chicago four times last week.
anymore and any longer
We often use not...anymore / any longer 
(= not now) with the simple present to 
contrast with used to.
I used to go to the gym, but I don't (go) 
anymore / any longer.
be used to and get used to
Don't confuse used to / didn't use to (do 
something) with be used to or get used to 
(doing something).
I am used to getting up early every day.
(= I am accustomed to it. I always do it, so it is 
not a problem for me.)
Lola can't get used to living in the US.
(= She can’t get accustomed to it. It is a 
problem for her.)
a C o m p le te w it h used to (0 . El o r |T|) a n d a v e rb f r o m th e lis t .
argue be get along go out have 
like hve speak spend wear work
S o n ya used to live in N e w Y o rk C ity , b u t la te r she m oved to 
N e w Jersey. 0
1 W e _________ a lo t in co m m o n , b u t n o w w e ’re com p le te ly
d iffe ren t. 0
2 I _________ m u ch t im e o n lin e , bu t now I’m add icted to Facebook . 0
3 _________ yo u r f ia n c e __________glasses? H e lo o ks d iffe ren t now . [T]
4 I _________ w ith m y c lassm ates, b u t n o w I spend a l l m y t im e w ith
m y b o y fr ie n d . 0
5 W h e r e _________ y o u r h u sb a n d __________be fo re he go t the job in
the b an k? U]
6 M y s is te r lo s t a lo t o f w e igh t. S h e _________ so s lim . 0
7 _________ y o u __________a lo t w ith y o u r pa ren ts w hen you w ere a
teenager? [7]
8 I _________ Japanese fo od , bu t now' I eat a lo t o f su sh i. GO
9 L a u ra _________ w e ll w ith her room m ate , but now they don ’t ta lk to
each other. 0
10 M y e x _________to m e, bu t n o w he c a lls m e a lo t. Q
b A r e the h ig h l ig h te d v e rb fo rm s r ig h t / o r
w ro n g X ? C o r r e c t th e w ro n g ones.
S o n ya use to see M ic h a e l e ve ry day. X used 
to see
1 H is parents used to sp lit up a fte r he w as bo rn .
2 D o you u su a lly te ll a c lo se f r ie n d abou t y o u r 
p rob lem s?
3 M y s is te r d id n 't use to w an t c h ild re n , but 
n o w she has fou r!
4 I d id n 't used to lik e m y m a th teache r w hen 1 
w as in schoo l.
5 T h e y used to go on v aca tio n eve ry year.
6 T h a t coup le has th ree k id s , so they d o n ’t use 
to go ou t at n igh t.
7 W h e re d id y o u r pa ren ts use to m eet w hen 
they f ir s t w en t out?
8 M y hu sband use to w o rk fo r a bank , bu t now 
he's unem p loyed .
9 W e love the theater. W e u su a lly go to a p lay 
at least once a m on th .
< p . 4 9
Online Practice 141
Food and cooking V O C A B U L A R Y B A N K
1 FOOD
a M a t c h th e w o rd s and 
p ic tu re s .
Fish and seafood
1 c rab /krteb / 
m u sse ls /'mAslz/ 
sa lm o n /'stemon/ 
s h r im p JY im p/ 
sq u id /skwid/ 
tuna/'tuno/
Meat
b e e f /hi f/ 
ch ic ke n tjikon/ 
duck/dAk/ 
la m b hum/ 
p o rk /pork/
Fruits and vegetables
beet /bit/ 
cabbage /'ktebid.y 
ch e rr ie s / 'tjb riz/ 
cu cu m b e r /'kyukAm bar/ 
eggp la n t /'egpkent/
(BritE auberg ine) 
g rapes /greips/ 
green bean s /grin b in/7 
lem on/dem on/ 
m ango /'majpgoo/ 
m e lo n 'melon/ 
peach /pilJ7 
pea r /per/
ra spb e rr ie s /'rtezberiz/ 
red p ep pe r /red 'pepar/ 
z u c c h in i /zu 'k in i /
(B r itE c o u rgette)
b 1 2)}) L is te n an d check .
c A r e th e re a n y th in g s in 
th e l is t th a t y o u .. .? 
a love 
b hate
c have never tr ie d
d A r e th e re a n y o th e r k in d s 
o f f is h , m ea t, o r f r u it s and 
veg e tab le s th a t a re v e ry 
c o m m o n in y o u r c o u n try ?
2 C O O K IN G
a M a t c h th e w o rd s and p ic tu re s .
4 b o ile d Zboild/ g r il le d /grild/
roasted /roosttd/ fr ie d /fra id/
baked /b e ik l/ steam ed /stim d/
b 13))) L is te n a n d ch e ck .
c H o w d o y o u p re fe r th e se th in g s to 
b e c o o ke d ?
eggs chicken
potatoes fish
P P h ra sa l ve rb s
Lea rn th e s e p h ra sa l v e rb s co n n e c te d 
w ith fo o d and d ie t.
I eat out a lot because I don't really 
have time to cook.
(= eat in restaurants)
I’m trying to cut down on coffee 
right now. I'm only having one cup at 
breakfast. (= have less)
The doctor told me I had very 
high cholesterol and that I should 
completely cut out all high-fat cheese 
and dairy products from my diet 
(= eliminate)
< p . 4
V O C A B U L A R Y B A N KPersonality
1 W H A T A R E T H E Y LIKE?
a C o m p le te th e d e f in it io n s w it h th e ad jec t ive s .
affe c tionate /o'fekjbnat/ aggressive /o'grcsiv/ 
am bitious/tem 'bijbs/ anxious /'aenklos/ bossy /'bosi/ 
charming /'tfa rm n y com petitive kom 'pctotiv/ 
independent /ind i'pendant/ jealous P d ^ ls s l 
moody "m udi/ rebellious /n 'bdvos/ reUable/n 'la iobl/ 
self ish /'se lfif/ sensible /'sensabl/ sensitive /'sensativ/ 
sociable /'soufobl/ spoiled /spoild/ stubborn /'stAbarn/
1 Selfish p eop le th in k abou t them se lves and no t about 
o th e r peop le.
2 A ______________ pe rso n a lw ays w a n ts to w in .
3 ______________ ch ild re n behave b ad ly because they are
g iven e v e ry th in g they w an t.
4 A n ______________ pe rso n gets a n g ry q u ic k ly and lik e s
f ig h t in g and a rgu ing .
5 ______________ peop le have an a ttra c t iv e p e rso n a lity
and m ake peop le l ik e them .
6 A ______________ person has co m m o n sense and is
p ra c tica l.
7 A ______________ pe rso n is f r ie n d ly an d en joys b e in g
w ith o th e r peop le.
8 ______________ peop le are o fte n w o r r ie d o r stressed.
9 A ______________ pe rson is h appy one m in u te and sad
the next, and is o ften bad-tem pered .
10 ______________ peop le lik e d o in g th in g s o n th e ir ow n ,
w ith o u t help.
11 A ______________ pe rso n lik e s g iv in g o rd e rs to o the r
peop le.
12 A n ______________ pe rson show s th a t he o r she loves o r
lik e s peop le ve ry m uch .
13 A ______________ pe rso n th in k s th a t som eone loves
an o the r p e rso n m o re th an h im o r her, o r w an ts w hat 
o th e r peop le have.
14 A ______________ pe rson can be ea s ily h u r t o r o ffended .
15 A n ______________ pe rso n w an ts to be su cce ss fu l in
life .
16 A ______________ pe rso n is som eone w h o you can t ru s t
o r depend on.
17 A ______________ p e rso n doesn ’t l ik e o b e y in g ru le s .
18 A ______________ pe rson never changes h is (or her)
o p in io n o r a ttitu de abou t som e th ing .
b 1 23))) L is te n and check .
c C o v e r the d e f in it io n s and lo o k a t th e ad je c t ive s .
R e m e m b e r th e d e f in it io n s .
2 O P P O S ITE S
a M a t c h th e a d je c t iv e s andth e ir o p p o s ite s .
cheap / ifip / hardworking /ha rd 'w ork ıŋ/
o u tgoing /'aotaooin/ self-confid en t Self 'kantddont/
stupid 'stupod/ ta lkative /'tokativ / 
—
Opposite
gene rous ____________
in se cu re ____________
la z y ____________
q u ie t ____________
shy ____________
sm a rt ____________
b 1 24))) L is t e n a n d ch e ck . T h e n c o ve r th e o p p o s ite s and 
te s t y o u rs e lf .
c W it h a p a r tn e r , lo o k a t th e a d je c t iv e s a g a in in 1 and 
2 . D o y o u t h in k th e y a re p o s it iv e , n eg a tiv e , o r n e u tra l 
c h a ra c te r is t ic s ?
3 N E G A T IV E P R E FIXES
a W h ic h p r e f ix d o y o u u se w it h th ese ad je c t ive s? P u t 
th e m in th e c o r r e c t c o lu m n .
am bitious clean friend ly honest imaginative 
kind mature organized pa tien t reliable 
responsible selfish sensitive sociable
un-/d is - im - / ir - / in -
unambitious
b 1 25))) L is t e n and ch e ck . W h ic h o f th e n ew ad je c t iv e s 
h a s a p o s it iv e m e a n in g ?
c C o v e r th e c o lu m n s . T e s t y o u rse lf .
P False friends
Some words in English are very similar to words in o ther 
languages, but have d iffe ren t meanings.
S e n s ib le looks very similar to sensible in Spanish and 
French, bu t in fa c t in English it means someone who has 
common sense and is practical. The Spanish / French 
word sensible translates as s e n s it iv e in English (to 
describe a person who is easily hurt).
S y m p a th e t ic does not mean the same as sempatik 
in Turkish (which mean n ic e , f r ie n d ly ). In English, 
s y m p a th e t ic means a person who understands 
other people’s feelings, e.g., My best friend was very 
sympathetic when I failed my exam last week.
< p . l l Online Practice 153
Money V O C A B U L A R Y B A N K
1 V E R B S
a C o m p le te th e se n ten ce s w it h a v e rb f r o m th e lis t .
2 P R E P O S IT IO N S 3 N O U N S
a C o m p le te th e Preposition c o lu m n w it h a w o rd f ro m 
th e lis t .
by fo r (x2) from in (x2) into on to
Preposition
1 Would you like to pay cash or credit 
card?
in, by
2 1 paid the dinner last night. It was my 
birthday.
3 1 spent $50 books yesterday.
4 My uncle invested all his money real 
estate.
5 1 don't like lending money friends.
6 1 borrowed a lo t o f money the bank.
7 They charged me $120 a haircut!
8 1 never ge t debt. 1 hate owing people 
money.
b 1 36))) L is te n and check .
c C o v e r the Preposition c o lu m n . L o o k at th e sen ten ces 
and re m e m b e r th e p re p o s it io n s .
a M a tc h th e n o u n s and d e f in it io n s .
ATM (BritE cash machine) 'ei ti 'em/ b ill/b il/ 
eeift /ko in/ loan /loon/ m ortgage /'morgid.V 
sa lary /'sadori/ ta x /tacks/
1 coin a p iece o f m o n e y m ade o f m e ta l
2 _________ a p iece o f pape r tha t show s how m uch
m oney you have to pay fo r so m e th in g
3 _________ the m oney you get fo r the w o rk you d o
4 _________ m oney th a t you pay to the gove rnm en t
5 _________ m oney tha t som ebody (or a bank) lend s you
6 _________ m oney tha t a b a n k lends you to b u y a house
7 _________ a m a ch in e w here you can get m oney
b 1 37))) L is te n and ch e ck . C o v e r th e w o rd s and lo o k at 
th e d e f in it io n s . T r y to re m e m b e r th e w o rd s .
P Phrasal verbs
I took out $200 from an ATM. (= took from my bank 
account)
When can you pay me back the money I lent you? (= return)
I have to live o f f my parents while I'm in college,
(= depend on financially)
It’s difficult for me and my wife to live on only one salary. 
(= have enough money fo r basic th ing s you need to live)
< p . ! 4
be w orth /hi unit) borrow /'huroo/ can't affo rd /krcnt o'ford/ charge H ardy cost/kost/ earn d m / 
inherit Jn'herot/ invest /in'vest/ lend lend/ owe/oo/ raise iy i/ save seiv waste /weist/
1 M y unc le d ied and le ft m e $ 2 ,0 0 0 .
2 I pu t som e m oney as ide eve ry w eek fo r m y nex t vaca tion .
3 M y b ro th e r p ro m ise d to g ive m e $50 .
4 I need to ask m y m o m to g ive m e $20 .
5 I o fte n spend m oney o n s tup id th ings.
6 I d o n ’t have enough m oney to buy tha t car.
7 I u su a lly have to pay the m ech a n ic $ 4 0 0 to f ix m y car.
8 The se shoes are ve ry expens ive . T h e y are $ 2 00 .
9 J im gave m e $ 1 0 0 .1 haven ’t p a id h im ba ck yet.
10 1 w an t to pu t m oney in a b a n k a ccoun t. T h e y 'l l g ive m e 5% in te rest.
11 I w o rk in a supe rm a rke t. T h e y pay m e $ 1 ,6 0 0 a m on th .
12 I c o u ld se ll m y house fo r abou t $ 2 0 0 ,0 0 0 .
13 W e need to get peop le to g ive m oney to b u ild a new h o sp ita l.
I 'm g o in g to inherit $ 2 ,0 0 0 .
I _________ m oney eve ry week.
H e p ro m is e d t o _________ m e $50 .
1 need t o _________ $ 2 0 fro m m y m om .
I o f te n _________ m oney.
I _________ to b u y th a t car.
T h e m e c h a n ic _________ m e $ 4 0 0 .
T h e y _________ $2 00 .
I _________ J im $100 .
I w an t t o _________ som e m oney.
I _________ $ 1 ,6 0 0 a m on th .
M y h o u s e _________ abou t $ 2 0 0 ,0 0 0 .
W e w a n t t o _________ m oney fo r the n ew ho sp ita l.
b 1 35))) L is te n and ch e ck . C o v e r th e sen ten ce s o n th e r ig h t . T r y to re m e m b e r them .
Transportation V O C A B U L A R Y B A N K
1 PU B LIC T R A N S P O R T A T IO N 
A N D V E H IC LE S
a M a tc h th e w o rd s and p ic tu re s .
bus /bns/ 
freew ay / 'fr iw e i/ 
lig h t r a i l / la it red/
1 p la t fo rm /'p ltetform / 
sco o ter/ 'sku to r/
b 2 2))) L is te n a n d ch e ck .
subw ay /'sAbwei/
(BritE the un de rg roun d ) 
t r a in It re in/ 
t ru c k ltr\kl 
v a n /vaj n/
c C o v e r the w o rd s a n d lo o k a t th e p ic tu re s . 
T r y to re m e m b e r th e w o rd s .
2 O N T H E ROAD
P Compound nouns
Compound nouns are two nouns together where the firs t noun describes the 
second, e.g., a child seat = a seat for a child, a bus stop = a place for buses to 
stop, etc. In compound nouns, the first noun is stressed more strongly than 
the second. There are many compound nouns related to road travel.
a C o m p le te th e c o m p o u n d n o u n s .
belt belt/ camera /'kasmra/ crash kr<e|7 hour /'auar/ jam /d 3tem/ 
te fte /le in / light/la it/ lim it/'lim ot/ stand /sttend/ station /'steifn/ 
ticke t/'tikot/ walk w ok work/work/ zone Moon/
b 2 3))) L is te n an d ch e ck . T h e n c o ve r th e c o m p o u n d n o u n s and lo o k a t the 
p ic tu re s . R e m e m b e r th e c o m p o u n d n o u n s .
3 H O W LONG D O ES 
IT TA K E?
How long does it take?
It takes about an hour to get from 
Princeton to New York City by train.
It took (me) more than an hour to get 
to work yesterday.
How long does it take (you) to get to
school?
Use take (+ person) + time (+ to get to) to 
talk about the duration of a trip, etc.
R e a d th e in fo rm a t io n b o x above . T h e n ask 
and a n sw e r th e q u e s t io n s w it h a p a rtne r.
1 H o w do you get to w o rk / schoo l? 
H o w lo n g does it take?
2 H o w lo ng does it take to get f ro m 
y o u r house to the cen te r o f to w n ?
J D Phrasal verbs
Learn these phrasal verbs connected 
with transportation and travel.
We set o ff at 7:00 in the morning to try 
to avoid the traffic. (= leave on a trip)
I arrive at 8:15. Do you think you could pick 
me up at the station? (= go somewhere in 
a car and get him/her, etc.)
1 got on the wrong bus, and / ended up 
on the opposite side o f town. (= find 
yourself in a place / situation that you 
did not expect)
We’re running out o f gas. Let's stop 
at the next gas station. (= finish your 
supply o fsomething)
Watch out! / Look out! You’re going to 
crash! (= be careful or pay attention to 
something dangerous)
< p . 2 4
Online Practice 155
1 bicycle lane 2 car 3 cross
4 gas 5 parking 6 pedestrian
7 road 8 rush 9 seat 10 speed
11 speed 12 taxi 13 traffic 14 traffic
Dependent prepositions V O C A B U L A R Y B A N K
1 A F T E R V E R B S
a C o m p le te th e Preposition c o lu m n w it h a w o rd 
f r o m th e l is t .
about at between for in o f on to with
He apologized to the police officer for driving fast, 
b 2 25))) L is te n a n d check .
c C o v e r the Preposition c o lu m n . S a y the 
sen ten ce s w ith th e c o r r e c t p re p o s it io n .
Preposition
1 He apologized the police officer driving fast, to . for
2 We’re arriving Miami on Sunday. _____
3 We’re arriving O’Hare Airport at 3:45. _____
4 Who does this book belong ? _____
5 I never argue my husband money. _____,_____
6 Could you ask the waiter the check? _____
7 Do you believe ghosts? _____
8 I can't choose these two bags. _____
9 We might go out. It depends the weather. _____
10 I dreamed my childhood last night. _____
11 Don’t laugh me! I'm doing my best! _____
12 I'm really looking forward the party. _____
13 If I pay the gas, can you pay for the parking? _____
14 This music reminds me our honeymoon in Italy. _____
15 I don’t spend a lot of money clothes. _____
2 A F T E R A D JE C T IV E S
a C o m p le te th e Preposition c o lu m n w it h a w o rd 
f r o m th e lis t .
about at for from in of on to with
My brother is afraid of* bats.
‘also scared of and frightened of
b 2 26))) L is te n and check .
c C o v e r th e Preposition c o lu m n . S a y the 
sen ten ce s w it h th e c o r re c t p re p o s it io n .
J D Gerunds after prepositions
Remember that after a preposition we use a verb 
in the gerund (+ -ing).
We're really excited a b o u t g o in g to Brazil.
I’m tired o f w a lk in g .
< p .3 1
1 My brother is afraid* bats.
2 She’s really angry her boyfriend last night.
3 I’ve never been good sports.
4 Eat your vegetables. They’re good you.
5 I’m very close my older sister.
6 This exercise isn't very different the last one.
7 We’re really excited going to Brazil.
8 I’m fed up listening to you complaining.
9 Krakow is famous its main square.
10 My sister is very interested astrology.
11 I’m very fond my little nephew. He’s adorable.
12 She’s very passionate riding her bike. She does 
about 30 miles every weekend.
13 I don’t like people who aren’t kind animals.
14 She used to be married a pop star.
15 I’m really happy my new motorcycle.
16 My dad was very proud learning to ski.
17 Why are you always rude waiters and 
salespeople?
18 Rachel is worried losing her job.
19 I’m tired walking. Let’s stop and rest.
Preposition
.o f___
(or to)
Sports V O C A B U L A R Y B A N K
1 PEOPLE A N D PLA C ES
a M a t c h th e w o rd s and p ic tu re s .
cap ta in /'kmpton/ 
coach /kootf/
1 fans/f<Enz/ 
p layers /'p le iarz/ 
re fe ree /refo'ri/ / 
u m p ire Im p a io r/
sp e c ta to rs / 'spektc ito rz/ / 
the c ro w d /kraud/ 
team 'tim / 
s ta d iu m /'ste id iam / 
s p o rts a rena /spo rts o'rino/
b 3 2)}) L is te n an d ch e ck . C o v e r th e w o rd s an d lo o k at 
th e p ic tu re s . T e s t y o u rse lf .
c M a t c h th e p la ce s a n d sp o rts .
course /kors/ court kort/ field /fild / 
pool/pul slope /sloop/ t r a c k / t ra ik /
1 te n n is / b a ske tb a ll court
2 so cce r / b a se b a ll____________
3 s w im m in g / d iv in g ____________
4 ru n n in g / ho rse r a c in g ____________
5 g o l f ------------------
6 s k i____________
d 3 3))) L is te n an d ch e ck . T h e n te st a p a rtn e r .
A (b o o k open) say a sp o rt, e.g., tennis.
B (b o o k c losed) say w here you p lay it, e.g., tennis court.
2 V E R B S d C o m p le te th e Verb c o lu m n w it h a v e rb f r o m th e lis t .
P w in and b e a t
You win a game, competition, medal, or trophy.
You beat another team or person NOT The 
Red Sox won the Yankees.
a C o m p le te w it h th e p a s t ten se a n d past 
p a r t ic ip le s .
beat beat _______
win _______ _______
lose ______ _______
tie ______ _______
b C o m p le te th e Verb c o lu m n w it h th e p ast 
ten se o f a v e rb f r o m a.
1 Costa Rica the US 3-0.
2 Costa Rica the game 3-0.
3 The Chicago Bulls 78-91 to 
the Boston Celtics.
4 Spain with Brazil 2-2.
Verb
c 3 4))) L is te n an d ch e ck a an d b.
do get injured get in shape go kick score throw tram
Verb
1 Professional sportspeople have to every day. train
2 Don’t play tennis on a wet court. You might . ________
3 A soccer player has to try to the ball into the goal. ________
4 I’ve started going to the gym because I want to . ________
5 Our new striker is going to a lot of goals. ________
6 Would you like to swimming this afternoon? ________
7 My brothers yoga and tai-chi. ________
8 In basketball, players the ball to each other. ________
e 3 5))) L is te n and ch e ck . C o v e r th e Verb c o lu m n s in b and d. 
T e s t y o u rse lf .
P Phrasal verbs
It’s important to warm up before you do any vigorous exercise. (= do 
light exercise to get ready, e.g., for a game)
My daughter works out every afternoon. (= exercises at a gym)
My team was knocked out in the semi-finals. (= eliminated)
< p .44
Online Practice 157
V O C A B U L A R Y B A N KRelationships
1 PEOPLE
a M a t c h th e w o rd s a n d d e f in it io n s .
classmate /'k ltesm eit/ 
close friend k lo u s frend/ 
colleague/'ka lig/ couple .'kA.pl/ 
ex /eks/ fiancd Tiun'sci/ (female fiancee) 
partner /'part nor/ roommate /'rum m eit/
b 3 19))) L is t e n and ch e ck . C o v e r the 
d e f in it io n s a n d lo o k a t th e w o rd s . 
R e m e m b e r th e d e f in it io n s .
1 couple_________ tw o peop le w h o are m a rr ie d o r in a ro m a n t ic re la t io n sh ip
2 _______________ y o u r husband , w ife , b o y fr ie n d , o r g ir lf r ie n d
3 _______________ the p e rso n th a t you a re engaged to be m a rr ie d to
4 _______________ a pe rson th a t you share an ap a rtm en t o r house w ith
5 _______________ a p e rso n th a t you w o rk w ith
6 _______________ (colloquial) a pe rson th a t you used to have a re la t io n sh ip
w ith
7 _______________ a ve ry g ood fr ie n d tha t you can ta lk to abou t a n y th in g
8 _______________ a f r ie n d f ro m sch o o l o r co llege
2 V E R B S A N D V E R B P H R A S E S
a C o m p le te th e se n ten ce s w ith a v e rb o r v e rb p h ra se in th e p a s t tense.
be together become friends break up get along get in touch get married 
get to know go out together have something in common lose touch meet 
propose
1 1 met_______M a r k w hen I w as s tu d y in g at B o s to n U n iv e rs ity .
2 W e ________each o th e r q u ic k ly because w e w en t to the sam e classes.
3 W e s o o n _________ , and w e d iscove red th a t w e _________ a lo t __________ . F o r
exam p le , w e b o th lik e d a rt and m us ic .
4 W e _________ in o u r second sem ester, and w e fe ll in love.
5 W e _________ fo r tw o years, bu t w e a rgued a lo t, an d in o u r la s t sem ester o f
sch oo l, w e _________ .
6 A f t e r w e g raduated f ro m co llege , w e _________ because I m oved to C h icag o ,
and he stayed in B o ston .
7 F iv e yea rs later, w e _________ aga in o n Faceb ook . W e w ere b o th s t i l l s ing le ,
and M a r k had m oved to C h ic a g o , too.
8 T h is t im e w e _________ b e tte r th an be fo re , m aybe because w e w ere o lder.
9 A f t e r tw o m o n th s M a r k _________ and I accepted.
10 W e _________ last sum m er. A lo t o f o u r o ld co llege fr ie n d s cam e
to the w edd ing !
b 3 20))) L ist e n a n d ch e ck .
c L o o k a t th e p ic tu re s . T r y to re m e m b e r th e sto ry .
^ 3 Colloquial language
I went out last night with some buddies. (= friends)
I’m really into a girl I met in class last week. (= I’m attracted to her)
Jane dumped her boyfriend last night! (= told him that their relationship 
was over)
My younger sister has a crush on Justin Bieber! (= be madly in love with 
when you are young)
Phrasal verbs
My sister and her boyfriend broke up /sp lit up last month. (= ended 
their relationship)
My brother has been going out with Ns girlfriend for two years. (= dating)
< p . 5 0
Irregular verbs
5 45)))
Infinitive Simple past Past participle
be /bi/ was /wo// 
were /war/
been /bin/
beat /bit/ beat beaten /'bitn/
become/bi'knm/ became /bi'keim/ become
begin /bi'gin/ began /bfgam/ begun /bi'gnn/
bite /ban/ b it /bit/ b itten /'bitn/
break/breik/ broke /brook/ broken Abroukan/
bring /brio/ brought /brot/ brought
build /bild/ built /bilt/ built
buy Zbai/ bought /hot/ bought
can /keen/ could /kod/ -
catch /kajff/ caught /kot/ caught
choose /tfuz/ chose /tj'ouz/ chosen / ’tfoozn/
come Zknm/ came keim/ come
cost /kost/ cost cost
cut /knt/ cut cut
do /du/ did /did/ done /clnn/
draw /dro/ drew /dru/ drawn /dron/
dream /drim/ dreamed /drimd/ dreamed
(dreamt /dremi/) (dreamt)
drink /driqk/ drank /dnegk/ drunk Zdrnok/
drive /draiv/ drove /droov/ driven /'dnvn/
eat /it/ ate /eit/ eaten Z'itn/
fa ll /fol/ fe ll /fd/ fallen /'fotan/
fee l/fil/ fe lt /felt/ fe lt
find /fame!/ found /faund/ found
fly /flai/ flew 'flu/ flown /floon/
forget /for'get/ forgot /for'gat/ fo rgo tten /for'gotn/
get /get/ got /gat/ g o tte n /'gain/
give /giv/ gave/geiv/ given /'yivn/
go /goo/ went /went/ gone /gan/
grow /grou/ grew /gni/ grown /groun/
hang /1ɪæŋ/ hung /1ıʌŋ/ hung
have haw/ had /hæd/ had
hear/hir/ heard /hard/ heard
hit /hit/ hit hit
hurt /hart/ hurt hurt
keep /kip/ kept /kept/ kept
know /noo/ knew Znu/ known /noun/
Infinitive Simple past Past participle
learn /lorn/ learned /lornd/ learned
leave /iiv/ le ft /left/ le ft
lend /lend/ lent /lent/ lent
let /let/ let let
lie /lai/ lay /lei/ lain /lein/
lose /luz/ lost /lost/ lost
make Zrneik/ made /meid/ made
mean /min/ meant /ment/ meant
meet /m it/ met /met/ met
pay /pei/ paid Zpeid/ paid
put /put/ put put
read /rid/ read /red/ read /red/
ride /raid/ rode /rood/ ridden/'ndn/
ring /ng/ rang /ɪ-æŋ/ rung Itm)/
run /rnn/ ran /ran/ run
say /sei/ said /sed/ said
see /si/ saw /so/ seen /sin/
sell /sel/ sold /sould/ sold
send /send/ sent /sent/ sent
set /set/ set set
shine /fain/ shone /foon/ shone
shut /Jat/ shut shut
sing /sip/ sang /steo/ sung /snr)/
sit /sit/ sat /sait/ sat
sleep /slip/ slept /slept/ slept
speak/spik/ spoke /spook/ spoken /'spoukan/
spend /spend/ spent /spent/ spent
stand /sl^nd/ stood /stud/ stood
stea l/stil/ stole /stool/ stolen /'sloulan/
swim /swim/ swam /swsm/ swum su \m/
take /teik/ took /tok/ taken /‘tcikon/
teach /tiff/ taught /tot/ taught
te ll /tel/ told /took!/ told
th in k /Oipk/ thought /(tot/ thought
throw /θɪ-θʊ/ threw /Oru/ thrown /Oroun/
understand understood understood
Ando'staend/ /nndar'stud/
wake weik/ woke /wouk/ woken /'woukan/
wear /wer/ wore /w or/ worn /worn/
win /win/ won /wnn/ won
write /ran/ wrote /rout/ w ritten /'ntn/
Irregular verbs 165
Vowel sounds S O U N D B A N K
usual spelling ! but also
ee b e e f speed 
ea peach team 
e re fu n d m e d iu m
peop le m agaz ine 
n ie ce rece ip t
ɪ d ish b i l l 
p itch f it 
t ic k e t s in ce
p re tty w om en 
busy dec ided 
v illa g e phys ics
eer cheers eng inee r 
ere here w e ’re 
ear beard
appearance
se r io u s
a fa n trave l 
c ra sh tax 
c a r ry land
e m enu lend 
tex t spend 
p le n ty cent
fr ie n d ly a lready 
h ea lth y m any 
sa id
air a irp o r t u p sta irs 
fa ir h a ir 
are ra re ca re fu l
th e ir there 
w ea r pea r 
area
o shop com edy 
p lo t sho t 
co ttage on
w atch w an t 
ca lm
a ba ld w a ll 
aw d ra w saw 
al w a lk ta lk
th ou gh t caugh t 
aud ience
or sp o rts f lo o r 
ore bo re score
w a rm cou rse 
board
o o p o o l m o o d y 
u* tru e studen t
su itca se ju ice 
shoe m ove soup 
th rou gh
* e sp e c ia lly be fo re co n so n an t + e
usual spelling ! but also
u f u l l
oo co o k b o o k 
lo o k good
co u ld shou ld 
w o u ld w o m an
A v e ry u n u su a l sound , 
su re p lu ra l
u p u b lic sub ject 
u g ly du ck 
cup
m oney som eone 
enough c o u n try 
tough
M a n y d if fe re n t sp e llin g s , 
/ə/ is a lw ays unstressed , 
abou t c o m p la in
er pe rso n p re fe r le a rn 
ir d ir t y th ird 
ur c u r ly tu rn
w o rk
w o r ld w orse 
p ic tu re
ou h o u r a roun d 
p roud g round 
ow to w n b ro w n
o* b roke stone 
fro ze n stove 
oa ro a s t coat
ow e s lo w
a lth o u g h
shou lde rs
ar garden charge 
s ta rte r
hea rt
a* save gate 
ai ra ilro a d p la in 
ay m ay say g ray
b reak steak 
grea t w e igh t 
they
oi b o ile d n o isy 
s p o il c o in
oy en joy em p loye r
i* f in e s ign 
y shy m o to rcy c le 
igh f l ig h t fr ig h tened
b u y eves 
he igh t
vow e ls vow e ls fo llo w e d b v Irl d ip h th o n g s
cat
egg
cha ir
c lo ck
saw
horse
boo t
h u ll
to u r is t
up
com pu te r
b ird
o w l
phone
car
tra in
boy
b ike
Consonant sounds S O U N D B A N K
usual spelling ! but also
p plate
t ra n sp o r t t r ip 
pp sh o p p in g app ly
b beans b i l l
p ro b ab ly crab 
bb s tu b b o rn dubbed
c c o u r t s c r ip t 
k k in d k ic k 
ck t ra c k lu cky
ch e m is ty s ch o o l 
s tom ach squ id 
a ccoun t
g g o lf g r il le d
co lle ague fo rge t 
gg aggress ive luggage
f fo o d r o o f 
ph p h a rm a cy nephew 
ff t r a f f ic a ffe c t io n a te
enough laugh
v van vegetab les 
trave l in vest 
p r iv a te be lieve
o f
t taste te n n is
s tad iu m s t r ic t 
tt a ttra c t iv e co ttage
w o rke d passed
d d ire c to r a ffo rd
com edy co n f id e n t 
dd add ress m id d le
fa ile d bo red
s steps lik e s 
ss boss ass is tan t 
c tw ic e c ity cyc le 
(be fo re e, i,y)
sc ience scene
z la z y fre e z in g 
s nose
loves co u s in s
sh sh o rt d ishw ashe r 
se lf is h cash 
ti (+ vowel)
a m b it io u s e xp la na tio n 
ci (+ vowel)
sp ac iou s so c iab le
sugar su re 
m a ch in e ch e f
d e c is io n c o n fu s io n u su a lly
o vo iced □ un vo iced
usual spelling ! but also
th th ro w th r i l le r 
h ea lth y path 
m a th teeth
th the that 
w ith
fa r th e r toge the r
ch change cheat 
tch w a tch m atch 
t (+ ure) p ic tu re fu tu re
j jea lous just 
g generous m anage r 
dge b r id g e judge
I l im it sa la ry 
u n t i l re liab le
II se ll re b e llio u s
r re su lt referee
e le m e n ta ry fr ie d 
rr b o r ro w m a rr ie d
w r it te n w ro n g
w w a r w aste
w es te rn h ighw ay 
wh w h is t le w h ic h
one once
y yet yea r
y o g u r t y o u rs e lf 
be fo re u u n iv e rs ity argue
m m ean a rm
ro m a n t ic c h a rm in g 
mm su m m e r sw im m in g
la m b
n neck honest
none ch im n e y 
nn te n n is th in n e r
knee knew
ng c o o k in g go in g 
s p r in g b r in g 
be fo re g/k
th in k tongue
h hand som e he lm et 
behave in h e r it 
u n h ap p y pe rhaps
w h o w hose 
w ho le
Online Practice 167
pa rro t
bag
key
g ir l
flow er
vase
tie
dog
snake
zebra
show er
television
thum b
m o the r
chess
jazz
leg
r ig h t
w itch
yach t
m onkey
singer
nose
house
This page has intentionally been left blank.
American
ENGLISH FILE
Workbook
Christina Latham-Koenig 
Clive Oxenden 
Jane H udson
Paul Seligson and Clive Oxenden are the original co-authors of 
English File 1 and English File 2
OXFORD
U N I V E R S I T Y P R E S S
1
4 A Mood food
7 B Family life
10 PRACTICAL ENGLISHMeeting the parents
2
11 A Spend or save?
14 B Changing lives
3
17 A Race across Florida
20 B S tereo types-ora re they?
23 PRACTICAL ENGLISH A d ifficu lt celebrity
4
24 A Failure and success
27 B Modern manners?
5
30 A Sports superstitions
33 B Love a t Exit 19
36 PRACTICAL ENGLISH Old friends
69 LISTENING
S T U D Y L IN K ffiflTa-jia a S E L F -A S S E S S M E N T C D -R O M
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The tw o biggest best-sellers in any bookstore are the cookbooks and the diet books. 
The cookbooks te ll you how to prepare the food and the diet books te ll you how not to eat any o f it.
Andy Rooney, US humorist
1A Mood food
1 V O C A B U L A R Y food and cooking
a (^ h d e ) the w o rd th a t is d if fe re n t . E x p la in w hy.
1 (beams) g rapes peach ra sp b e rry 
T h e o the rs a re a l l fruit
2 b e e f p o rk la m b sa lm o n
T h e o the rs a re a l l ____________________________
3 beet cabbage pea r peppe r
T h e o the rs a re a l l ____________________________
4 eggp lan t lem o n m ango m e lon
T h e o the rs a re a l l ____________________________
5 c rab m usse ls b e e f s h r im p
T h e o the rs a re a l l ____________________________
6 cabbage ch e rry z u c c h in i cu cu m b e r
T h e o the rs a re a l l ____________________________
b C o m p le te th e c ro s sw o rd .
c C o m p le te th e sen ten ce s w ith th e w o rd s in th e b o x . 
ea rn ed fre sh frozen low -fat raw sp icy take-ou t
1 Canned tom atoes u su a lly la s t fo r abou t tw o years
2 I d o n ’t fee l l ik e co o k in g . L e t 's g e t___________________
fo r d inne r.
3 A r e there a n y ___________________ peas in the freeze r?
4 I'm d o n ’t re a lly l i k e ___________________ fish , so I never
eat sush i.
5 H a n n a h ’s on a d ie t, so she b ou gh t s o m e ______________
y o g u rt to have fo r dessert.
6 T h e y eat a lo t o f ___________________ fo o d in M e x ic o .
7 W e b u y ___________________ bread f r o m the bake ry
every m o rn in g .
Clues acrossClues down
2 P R O N U N C IA T IO N vowel sounds
a W r it e th e w o rd s in th e ch a rt.
beef carton chicken chocolate cook crab 
soup jar mango peach raw salt 
sausage squid sugar tuna
3 G R A M M A R simple present / continuous, 
action and nonaction verbs
a A r e th e h ig h lig h te d p h ra se s r ig h t ( / ) o r w ro n g ( / ) ? 
C o r r e c t th e w ro n g ph ra ses .
1 D o e s y o u r g ir lf r ie n d lik e sea food?
L is te n and ch e ck . T h e n l is te n a g a in and
re p e a t the w o rd s .
Pronouncing difficult words
c W r it e th e w o rd s .
1 /bo ild / boiled
2 /'ktebid3/
3 / 'spa is i/ ________
4 /roo st id /
5 /g re ips/ _________
6 /fru t/
7 /b e ik t/ ________
8 /'m elon/
9 / z u 'k in i/ _________
p u n s L is te n and ch e ck . T h e n lis te n a g a in and 
re p e a t th e w o rd s .
2 L u c y ’s in the k itch en . She m akes a cu p o f co ffee .
She’s making______________________________________
3 A r e you e a ting ou t eve ry w eekend?
4 I d o n ’t k n o w w hat to c o o k fo r d in ne r. L H
5 A r e you t h in k in g the f is h is cooked now ?
6 W e ’re hav ing lu nch w ith m y parents every Sunday. L d
7 M y m o the r’s in the yard. She ’s m o w in g the law n . L d
8 I’m not w an tin g any potatoes w ith m y fish , thanks. EH
9 D o you p re fe r steam ed r ice to f r ie d r ic e ? L H
10 Jack ’s o n the phone. H e o rde rs som e p iz za s . L d
b C o m p le te th e sen ten ce s w ith th e s im p le p re se n t 
o r c o n t in u o u s fo rm o f th e v e rb s in pa ren th eses .
1 O u r n e ig h b o rs grow a l l o f th e ir o w n vegetables, 
(grow )
2 M y m o th e r____________u s u a lly ____________ o n the
w eekend, (no t cook)
3 D o you w an t to com e fo r lu n ch on Sunday?
W e ________________________ro a s t ch icken , (have)
4 W e ________________________to n ig h t because th e re ’s
a socce r gam e o n T V . (no t go out)
5 ____________yo u u s u a lly ____________ you r b irthday
w ith y o u r fa m ily ? (spend)
6 T h a t re s ta u ra n t___________ d e lic io u s m usse ls at
lu n ch t im e , (serve)
7 H o w o f te n ____________y o u ____________ in a ty p ic a l
w eek? (eat out)
8 I ________________________an a p p e tize r because I ’m
n o t hung ry , (not have)
9 W e ____________o f te n ____________ steak, (not buy)
10 M y b o y fr ie n d 's o n a d ie t so h e ______________________
o n fr ie d food , (cut dow n )
5
fish tree cat car
bootbullsawclock
b
4 R E A D IN G b R e a d th e a r t ic le ag a in . M a r k the se n ten ce s T (true) o r F (fa lse).
a R e a d th e a r t ic le o n ce a n d p u t th e h e a d in g s in 
th e c o r r e c t p lace .
B H o w can I prevent serious illnesses? 
C H o w .should 1 st ar t t he day?
D D o I rea lly need to eat five a day?
healthy eating
Food experts are always telling us what we should 
and shouldn't eat, but they often give us different 
advice. Our food writer, Teresa Gold, has taken a look 
at all the information to figure out what is fact and 
what is fiction. 5
1 A ty p ic a l A m e r ican breakfast every m o rn in g isn ’t good fo r you. X
2 T h e best b re a k fa s t is any ty p e o f cerea l. __
3 A n A m e r ic a n n u t r it io n is t c a re fu lly ca lcu la ted the am oun t 
o f f r u it s and vegetab les w e sh o u ld eat.
4 W e shou ld eat m o re th an fiv e se rv ing s o f f ru its and
vegetables pe r day. __
5 A p p le s c o n ta in a lo t o f sugar. __
6 A l l app le s have the sam e am ou n t o f fiber.
7 Fa ts can be good fo r us. __
8 Y ou c a n eat as m u ch red m eat as you w a n t to. __
L o o k a t th e h ig h l ig h te d w o rd s and p h ra se s . W h a t d o y o u 
t h in k th e y m ean ? U s e y o u r d ic t io n a r y to lo o k u p th e ir 
m e a n in g and p ro n u n c ia t io n .
L IS T E N IN G
ı c_______
A typical American breakfast of fried eggs, bacon, 
toast, pancakes, and orange juice will certainly stop 
you from feeling hungry, but it's high in calories, which 
means that you'll gain weight if you eat it regularly. 
A healthier option is to have just an egg. Boil it 
instead of frying it, and eat it with a piece of toast 
made with whole-wheat bread. Breakfast cereals 
are very high in sugar, so if you feel like cereal, 
have granola - with no added sugar. You can also 
get your first vitamins of the day by drinking a glass 
of freshly squeezed orange juice.
2 ______________
Fruits and vegetables contain the vitamins and 
minerals we need to stay healthy. But five is actually 
a fictional nurnberthought up by an American 
nutritionist. She looked at what the average person 
ate and doubled it. Accordingto more recent 
research, the right number is actually eight. The 
research shows that people who have eight pieces 
of fruit and vegetables a day are much less likely to 
suffer from heart disease than those who eat three.
3 _____________
This particular fruit has had some bad publicity because 
dentists say it can harm our teeth. While it's true that 
apples do contain a little sugar, they are also a source 
of fiber Nutritionists say that we need about 18 grams 
of fibera day, and a medium apple- peel included — 
contains about 3 grams. Some varieties contain more 
fiber than others, so you should choose carefully.
4 _____________
The key to good health is a balanced diet that contains 
fats and carbohydrates as well as proteins, vitamins, 
and minerals. Fats may be high in calories, but they also 
contain vitamins. According to the World Cancer Research 
Fund, you should only have about 500 grams of red meat 
per week - a steak is about 100 grams. One type of food 
on its own won't kill or cure you, but eating the right 
amount of the right food will stop you from getting sick.
a L is te n to a r a d io c a l l- in p ro g ra m a b o u t th e a r t ic le
in e x e rc ise 4. C h e c k ( / ) th e ca lle r(s ) w h o c o m p le te ly agree 
w it h it.
A K e v in L d C D e re k
B K a te □ D R o s ie □
b L is te n a g a in a n d a n sw e r th e q u e s t io n s .
W h ic h ca lle r...?
1 th in k s th a t som e f ru its and vegetab les are u n h e a lth y __
2 says th a t m o st c h ild re n p re fe r fa st fo o d __
3 eats v e ry l it t le f r u it __
4 is ve ry h ea lth y because he/she eats a lo t o f
f r u it s and vegetab les __
c L is t e n a g a in w it h th e a u d io s c r ip t o n p. 69.
U S E FU L W O R D S A N D P H R A S E S
L earn these w ords and phrases.
ca rbohyd ra te s /k a rb o o 'h a id re its / 
p ro te in / 'p ro u t in / 
aw ake /a'wexk/ 
o i ly /'o ili/
p o w e r fu l / 'p a o a rf l/
re laxed /n 'kekst/
s leepy / 's lip i/
s t re s s fu l / 'stresfl/
b e n e f ic ia l /b cn a 'f ijl/
ready-m ade fo o d /red i m e id 'fud/
6
The truth about
c
IB Family life
Happy families are all alike; every unhappy family
is unhappy in its own way.
First line o f Anna Karenina by Leo Tolstoy, Russian writer
1 G R A M M A R future forms
a C o m p le te th e se n ten ce s w it h th e c o r r e c t fo rm o f th e v e rb s o r p h ra se s o n th e r ig h t .
1 M y b ro th e r hates h is job. H e’s going to look fo r a n ew one.
2 D o n 't w o r ry abou t the d r in k s .___________________________ fo r them .
3 ___________________________ som e m o re co ffee .
4 D o you t h in k ___________________________ be fo re y o u ’re 30?
5 ___________________________ to m y c o u s in ’s w ed d in g . W e 'l l be on vaca tion .
6 A A r e y o u ready to o rde r?
B Y e s ,___________________________ the steak.
7 ___________________________ 21 o n m y n e x t b irthday .
8 ___________________________ fo r d in n e r to n ig h t. Y ou pa id la st t im e.
9 I ’m g o in g to the m a l l .___________________________ long.
10 a pa rty fo r m y g randm o the r’s 80 th b irthday tom orrow .
he / look for (an in ten tio n )
I / pay (an o ffe r)
I / make (an offer)
you / get married (a pred iction)
we / not go (an arrangem ent)
I / have (an in s ta n t dec is ion )
I / be (a fact) 
we / pay (an o ffe r)
I / not be (a p rom ise ) 
we / have (an arrangem ent)
b C o m p le te th e d ia lo g u e s w ith th e c o r r e c t fu tu re fo rm o f th e v e rb s in pa ren th eses .
1 A Are you going away this weekend? (go away)
B No, we_________________ here. Why? (stay)
A We_________________ a barbecue. Would you like to come? (have)
2 A I'm too tired to cook. I____________some Chinese take-out food tonight, (order)
B Good idea. I____________the restaurant. What do you want for an appetizer? (call)
A I____________the spring rolls, please, (have)
3 A What tim e___________ you____________ in the morning? (leave)
B I_________________ the six o'clock train, (take)
A I____________you a ride to the train station, (give)
4 A What___________ you____________ tonight? (do)
B I______________________ the new James Bond movie. Do you want to come? (see)
A No, thanks. I’ve already seen it. You____________it! (love)
5 A I____________you with the dishes, (help)
B OK. I____________and you can dry. But please be careful with the glasses, (wash)
A Don’t worry. I____________anything! (not break)
7
2 each other
R e w r it e the se n ten ce s w it h each other.
1 M y b ro th e r ’s sh o u t in g at m y s is te r and she ’s sh o u tin g at h im . 
M y b ro th e r and s is te r are shouting at each other .
2 R o b doesn 't k n o w A le x and A le x doesn ’ t k n o w R o b .
R o b and A le x _________________________________________________ .
3 I ’m no t sp e ak in g to m y s is te r and she is n ’t sp e a k in g to me.
M y s is te r and I ________________________________________________.
4 I d o n ’t u n de rs tand you and you d o n 't u n de rstand m e.
W e ___________________________________________________________ .
5 T h e coach re spects the p laye rs and they respect h im .
T h e co a ch and the p la y e rs____________________________________ .
3 P R O N U N C IA T IO N sentence stress
a ff liE E I lE ft i L is te n and co m p le te th e sen ten ces.
1 When are y o u g o in g to book y o u r vacation ?
2 I ’m _____________ go in g t o ______________ th e ______________yet.
3 I 'm g o in g t o ___________________________ .
4 _____________ are y o u ____________________________ ?
5 I ’m _____________ so m e ______________ .
6 I ’m ____________________________m y ______________ .
7 _____________ w i l l y o u ______________y o u r te s t______________?
8 1_____________ get th e m ____________________________ .
9 I ' l l _____________ th em o n ______________ .
b L is te n a g a in and repea t. C o p y th e r h y th m .
4 V O C A B U L A R Y family, adjectives of personality
a C o m p le te th e se n ten ce s w it h a f a m ily w o rd .
1 Y o u r m o th e r and fa the r are y o u r parents ,
2 Y o u r g rand fa the r’s fa ther is you r gr_________ -g r__________________
3 A c h ild w h o has no b ro th e rs o r s is te rs is an on_____________
ch___________ .
4 Y o u r b ro th e r ’s d augh te r is y o u r n _____________ .
5 Y o u r fa th e r ’s s is te r is y o u r a_____________ .
6 Y o u r spouse , c h ild re n , pa ren ts, and b ro th e rs and s is te rs
are y o u r im _____________ f ______________.
7 Y o u r fa th e r ’s new w ife is y o u r s_____________ .
8 Y o u r w ife 's o r h u sb and ’s fa th e r is y o u r
f _____________-i____ -I____________ 1 .
9 Y o u r aunts, u n c le s and c o u s in s are y o u r ex_____________
f___________ .
10 Y o u r b ro th e r 's o r s is te r's son is y o u r n_____________ .
b M a tc h th e c o m m e n ts w ith th e p e r s o n a lit y 
a d je c t iv e s in th e bo x .
aggressive ambitious independent 
jealous reliable se lf-confident selfish 
sensible -spotted stubborn
1 “ W h e n I w a n t so m e th in g , m y pa ren ts 
a lw ays g ive it to m e.”
spoiled_________________
2 “ I d o n ’t l ik e m y b o y fr ie n d ta lk in g to 
o th e r w om en .”
3 “ I’m a lw ays there w hen m y fr ie nd s need 
m y he lp .”
4 “T h o se a re m y pens and you can ’ t 
b o r ro w them .”
5 “ I'm g o in g to go to bed early so I can sleep 
w e ll be fo re m y test tom orrow '.”
6 “ I’ l l h it y o u i f you d o tha t a g a in !”
7 “ I fee l v e ry c o m fo rta b le w h e n I ’m sp e ak in g 
in p u b lic .”
8 “ I'd lik e to be the m anage r o f a b ig 
m u lt in a t io n a l com pany.”
9 “T h a t ’s w h a t It h in k and I’m n o t g o in g to 
change m y m in d .”
10 “ I ’d p re fe r to do th is on m y o w n , th an k s .”
c W r it e th e o p p o s ite a d je c t ive s . U s e a 
n e g a t iv e p r e f ix i f necessary .
1 generous cheap_____________
2 k in d ______________________
3 la zy
4 m a tu re ______________________
5 o rg a n ize d ______________________
6 sen s it ive ______________________
7 ta lka t iv e ______________________
8 c le an _____________________
8
5 R E A D IN G
a R e a d th e a r t ic le o n ce . W h y d o th e B e d o u in s p re fe r 
to l iv e to g e th e r in a b ig f a m ily g ro u p ?
I Family can be an important part of a person's life, 
and for some nationalities being close to your family 
is more important than it is to others. For example, 
families in Southern Europe are generally very close, 
although in the past they spent even more time together. 
This is also true of families in the Middle East. But it 
is the Bedouin people who have the closest ties of all.
Extreme fam ily ties
Traditional Bedouin families live in large tents about half the size 
o f a basketball court. The tents are divided into two sections: the 
f irs t is fo r receiving guests in true Bedouin style - they have the 
reputation o f being the world's most generous hosts. Visitors are 
always served a big meal as soon as they arrive. The second part 
o f the tent is the family's shared kitchen, living room, dining room, 
and bedroom. They don't have tables and chairs, as the whole 
family sits on the floor to eat. And instead o f beds, everybody 
sleeps on mattresses, which are piled into a corner o f the room 
during the day.
Several generations usually share the tent. The head o f the 
family is the mother, and she is the one who gives the orders.
Her husband and her children live with her, even when the children 
are married and have the ir own children. The sons and sons-in-law 
look a fte r the animals, while the daughters and daughters-in- 
law clean the tent, cook the meals, and take care o f the younger 
grandchildren. The older ones are le ft to run around outside. 
There may often be as many as 30 people under the same roof.
The few young people who have le ft the family to live in the city 
visit their mothers nearly every day. It can be quite a surprise to 
see a shiny new Mercedes pull up outside one o f the tents and 
watch a well-dressed man get out to greet his relatives.
Bedouin people do not like to be separated from the ir families 
and there is a very good reason why. If they are poor, sick, old, or 
unemployed, it is the family that supports them. Elderly people are 
never le ft alone, and problems are always shared. Children who 
work in the city are often responsible fo r the ir families financially. 
In this way, Bedouin families aren't just close; they are a lifeline.
b R e a d th e a r t ic le a g a in . C h o o s e th e c o r re c t a n sw e rs 
a c c o rd in g to th e in fo rm a t io n g iven .
1 In the past, m o s t fa m ilie s in S o u th e rn E u ro p e and the 
M id d le E a s t w e re ...
a sm a lle r. (b ) c loser. c r iche r.
2 T h e re is n ’t m u ch ... in a B e d o u in tent, 
a fu rn itu re b lig h t c space
3 B e d o u in ... spend m o st o f the day in s ide , 
a m en b w om en c c h ild re n
4 Y o u n g B e d o u in s w h o liv e in the c it y . .. 
a h a rd ly ever go hom e.
b d o n ’t e a rn m u ch m oney, 
c d o n ’t lo se touch w ith th e ir fa m ilie s .
5 M e m b e rs o f a B e d o u in fa m ily h e lp each o th e r to . .. 
a su rv iv e . b get a job. c choose c lo thes.
c L o o k a t th e h ig h l ig h te d w o rd s a n d p h ra se s . W h a t 
d o y o u t h in k th e y m e an ? U s e y o u r d ic t io n a r y to lo o k 
u p th e ir m e a n in g a n d p ro n u n c ia t io n .
6 L IS T E N IN G
a j g j g j g ) L is te n to a coup le , T e r ry an d Jane, ta lk in g 
a b o u t g o in g to l iv e w it h th e in - la w s . W h a t d o th ey 
d e c id e a t th e end o f th e c o n v e rs a t io n ?
b L is te n aga in an d m a rk the sen tences T (true) o r F (false).
1 T e r ry and Jane a re b o th v e ry t ired . X
2 T e rry is m ore o p t im is t ic about the fu tu re than jane. __
3 T e rry 's pa ren ts have suggested the fa m ily m ove 
in w ith them .
4 T e rry says th a t i f they a l l liv e d together, h is
pa ren ts w o u ld babysit. __
5 Jane th in k s th a t the new p lan w o u ld m ean less
ho u sew o rk fo r her. __
6 Jane w o rr ie s tha t the g rand pa ren ts w o u ld s p o il 
the ch ild re n .
c L is te n ag a in w it h th e a u d io s c r ip t o n p. 69 .
U S E FU L W O R D S A N D P H R A S E S
L e a rn th ese w ords and p hrases.
b o a rd in g sch oo l s ic k /sik/
/ 'bordrp sku l/ va lue /'vselyu/
c h ild h o o d t ja ik lh o d f ig h t /fa it/
gang lgsay aw are o f /a'wer av/
g a th e r in g /'gtedarit)/ n o w o n d e r /noo 'wAndar/
r iv a lr y / 'ra iv a lr i/
932^33) FILE 1
9
Practical English Meeting the parents
1 R E A C T IN G TO W H A T PEOPLE S A Y 3 R E A D IN G
C o m p le te th e d ia lo g u e s .
1 Ben Oh, 1 no ! I don’t 2 b_________ it!
Charlotte What’s wrong!
Ben I didn’t te ll my mom th a t you don’t eat meat.
Charlotte You’re 3 k_________ !
Ben No, I’m not. N ever4 m_________it ’ll te ll
her now.
Mom! Charlotte ’s a vegetarian.
Mom 5 R_________ ?
Charlotte Yes, but it isn’t a problem.
Mom What a 6 p_________ ! I made a meat
lasagna. But there's p lenty o f salad. 
Charlotte That's fine. Thanks, Mrs. Lord.
2 Steve We have something to te ll you. We
found a house th a t we like.
Jill 7 H__________fantastic !
Steve And it isn't too expensive.
Jill That’s g re a t3 n_________ I Could I see it
some time?
Steve 9W_________ a great idea! I’ll call and
make an appointm ent.
2 S O C IA L E N G LIS H
C o m p le te the d ia lo g u e s w ith th e p h ra se s in the box .
a-really-niee-guy Go ahead How do you see I mean 
How incredible Not really That’s because things like that
1 A What did you th ink o f my dad?
B He's a really nice guy .
2 A _______________your future?
B I th ink we’ll be very happy together.
3 A I hear you speak Spanish. Are you bilingual?
B _______________ . But I can speak it well.
4 A I’m sorry. I’m not very hungry.
B _______________you a te too much fo r lunch!
5 A You know, I th ink we went to the same school.
B ________________ !
6 A Can I have another piece o f chicken, please?
B ______________ . There’s more in the kitchen.
7 A What kind o f books do you read?
B Biographies, h istory books,_______________ .
8 A You wouldn't want to go to the concert w ith us.
B Yes, I would!_______________ , I love classical music.
a R e a d th e te x t an d a n sw e r th e q u e s t io n s .
In w h ic h p lace ...?
1 can you see a ce leb r ity Cafe Carlyle
2 do m usic ian s com e to hear other
m usic ians p e rfo rm _________________
3 can you hear in te rn a tiona l styles o f ja zz _________________
4 can you see w h a t ’s h appen ing o n lin e _________________
5 shou ld you buy a ticke t be fo re you go _________________
6 does the m u s ic f in is h very late _________________
New York is famous for its jazz, and for 
music fans no trip to the city is complete 
without a visit to one of the many jazz 
venues. Here are four of the many places 
you can go to hear jazz being performed.
Ja z z in 
New ycrk
Barbes
Barbes is a bar and performance venue in the Park Slope neighborhood 
of Brooklyn. Come here to listen to musical styles from all over 
the world, such as Mexican, Lebanese, Romanian, and Venezuelan 
along with traditional American styles. Usually $10 to get in.
55 Bar
Located in Greenwich Village, this small club, which started in1919, 
has a very interesting history. Cometo hear jazz guitarists play, 
and expect to see lots of serious jazz fans and music students from 
local colleges and music schools. Usually $10-20.
Smalls
This club was created in 1994, but has already become very 
famous in New York because well-known players such as Norah 
Jones began their careers here. The club closed in 2002, but 
opened again in 2004, with a more comfortable room and a website 
that features live streaming video o f all performances. It opens 
from 4 p.m. to 4 a.m. $20 to get in.
Cafe Carlyle
Come to the first floor ofthe famous Carlyle Hotel to visit the Cafe 
Carlyle. It’s particularly worth going on Monday nights - not only will 
you hear jazz from the Eddy Davis New Orleans Jazz Band, but you 
will also hear the famous movie director Woody Allen play with them. 
As well as being a director, Woody Allen is also a jazz musician. Sets at 
8:45. The venue holds only 90 and is often sold out, so it’s a good idea 
to book ahead. But it isn't cheap - tickets start at $100.
b U n d e r lin e f iv e w o rd s o r p h ra se s y o u d o n ’t kn o w . U se y o u r 
d ic t io n a ry to lo o k u p th e ir m e a n in g and p ro n u n c ia t io n .
1 V O C A B U L A R Y money
a C o m p le te th e se n ten ce s w it h th e c o r r e c t v e rb
in pa ren th eses .
1 M y s is te r wastes a lo t o f m oney on c lo thes she 
never wears, (wastes / saves)
2 I c a n 't___________________ to b u y a house o f m y ow n.
(pay / a ffo rd )
3 Y o u ’ l l have t o ___________________a lo t o f m oney i f you
w an t to trave l a roun d the w o r ld n ex t year, (cost / save)
4 K e v in ___________________ about $ 2 ,5 0 0 a m o n th at h is
new job. (w in s / earns)
5 T h a t p a in t in g ___________________ a lo t o f money.
(charges / is w orth )
6 M y uncle is d o in g a b ike r id e t o ___________________
m oney fo r cha rity , (raise / save)
7 W e s t i l l___________________ the b a n k a lo t o f money.
(owe / earn)
8 M a r y ___________________$ 5 ,0 0 0 fro m he r g rand fa the r
w hen he d ied, ( inhe rited / invested)
9 T h e p lu m b e r___________________ m e $ 2 5 0 to f ix m y
shower, (cost / charged)
10 C a n y o u ___________________m e $ 2 0 0 u n t i l I get pa id?
(b o rro w / lend)
b C o m p le te th e se n ten ce s w it h th e c o r r e c t p re p o s it io n .
1 I’l l pay fo r the m ov ie t icke ts i f you get the snacks!
2 T h e y charged us $ 5 ______________ a bo tt le o f water.
3 T h e y g o t______________ debt w hen they bough t th e ir
new house.
4 W e bo rrow ed som e m o n e y ______________m y parents.
5 M y g randpa ren ts a lw ays p a y ______________ cash.
6 I don 't m in d le nd in g m o n e y ______________ fam ily .
7 T h e y spen t a lo t o f m o n e y______________ th e ir son's
education .
8 C a n I p a y ______________ c re d it ca rd?
9 P h i l in vested a l l h is m o n e y ______________ h is
o w n com pany.
C o m p le te th e a d v e r t is e m e n t w ith th e w o rd s in th e bo x .
ATM ben k-aeeo tm f bills coin loan 
mortgage salary taxes
W hafs so good about
CASH Internet Banking pic
OUR ACCOUNT SERVICES
Open a 1 b a n k a c c o u n t with us and we'll give 
you a free g ift - you'll get a tablet com puter if 
you earn over $3,000 a month. Consult our online
service 24/7 and use your card in th e 2____________
of any bank to take out as much or as little money as 
you want. Do you have a lot o f change? Use our free
3____________counter and deposit the total directly
into your savings account. Does your company pay
y o u r4____________directly into the bank? Then we
w on 't charge you anything fo r your card. We’ll even 
pay all y o u r5____________ for you, free o f charge.
OUR FINANCING SERVICES
Do you need to borrow money for a car, a vacation,
or a new laptop? We'll give you a 6____________ of
up to $10,000 fo r whatever you want to buy.
And how about a new house? We can give you a
7____________at one o f the lowest interest rates
on the market.
OUR EXTRA SERVICES
How much do you pay in 8____________? Talk to
our specialists to make sure you're paying the right 
amount - they can help you pay less.
Come to CASH Internet for the best accounts, the 
best services, and the best savings.
11
2A Spend or save?
When a man te l ls you he g o t rich th rough 
hard w ork, ask him: Whose?
Don Marquis, US Writer
2 P R O N U N C IA T IO N the letter o 4 R E A D IN G
a (C irc le ) th e w o rd w ith a d if fe re n t sound .
1 A
up
2
i
clock
3 ( J Q S
phone horse bird
money honest done afford work
nothing shopping owe worse world
(soldj) dollar go store short
won clothes loan mortgage w orth
b L is te n and ch e ck . T h e n lis te n a g a in and repea t
th e w o rd s .
3 G R A M M A R present perfect and simple past
a (^Trcle) th e c o r re c t answ er.
1 \(haye neverowedj)/ never owed any m oney to the b a n k in m y life.
2 T h e y have charged / charged us to o m uch fo r o u r m ea l la st n ight.
3 I k n o w som e great cheap p laces to stay in Seou l. I've been / 1 went 
there a few tim es .
4 Pau l hasn’t inherited / didn’t inherit a n y th in g f ro m h is 
g ra n d m o th e r w hen she d ied.
5 You’ve lent I you lent h im m oney so m any tim es , bu t he never 
pays you back!
6 H o w m u ch has your TV cost / did your TV cost?
7 H o w m a n y t im e s have you wasted / did you waste m oney on 
c lo th es you never w ear?
8 I haven’t had / didn’t have any co in s , so I co u ld n 't pu t any m oney 
in the p a rk in g m eter.
9 Have you ever invested / Didyou ever invest any m oney in a com pany? 
10 M y g ir l f r ie n d has a h ig h -p a y in g job . She has earned / earned
$ 8 5 ,0 0 0 la s t year.
b C o m p le te th e d ia lo g u e s w it h th e c o r r e c t fo rm o f th e v e rb s in 
p a ren th eses .
1 A When did your son buy his car? (buy!
B When he___________ his driving te s t last month, (pass)
2 A How much m oney_________ yo u_________ from your sister
yesterday? (borrow)
B About $100, but I already__________________ it all. (spend)
3 A _________ you_________ a new house yet? (find)
B Yes, and the bank__________________ to give me a mortgage.
(agree)
4 A _________ you ever_________ any money to a friend? (lend)
B Only to my boyfriend when h e _________ a new phone, (need)
5 A _________ your m other_________ an appointm ent w ith the
doctor yet? (make)
B Yes, she_________ him yesterday and she’s seeing him
tomorrow, (call)
a R e a d the f ir s t ch a p te r o f a b o o k ab o u t D a n ie l 
S u e lo once . W h e re d id he d e c id e to liv e ?
1 w ith fr ie n d s L II 3 in the c o u n try
2 w ith fa m ily L H 4 in a c ity
The man who 
quit money
In the firs t year o f the tw enty-first century, a man standing by a busy 
road in the middle o f the United 
States took his life savings out o f 
his pocket - $30 - laid it inside a 
phone booth, and walked away.
He was 39 years old, came from 
a good family, and had been to 
college. He was not mentally ill, 
nor did he have any problems 
w ith drugs or alcohol. The decision was 
made by a man who knew exactly what he was doing. 
In the twelve years since then, as the stock market 
has risen and fallen, Daniel Suelo has not earned, 
received, or spent a single dollar. In an era when 
anyone who could sign his name could get a 
mortgage, Suelo did not apply fo r loans. As public 
debt rose to eight, ten, and finally th irteen trillion 
dollars, he did not pay taxes, or accept any type of 
help from the government.
Instead he went to live in a cave in Utah, where he 
picks fru it and wild onions, collects animals tha t have 
been killed on the road, takes old food tha t has 
gone past its sell-by date out o f trash cans,and is 
often fed by friends and strangers. “My philosophy 
is to use only what is freely given or d isca rdedhe 
writes. While the rest o f us try to deal w ith taxes, 
mortgages, retirement plans, and bank accounts, 
Suelo no longer even has an ID card.
Daniel is not a typical tramp. He often works - but 
refuses to be paid. Although he lives in a cave, 
he is extremely social, remains close to friends 
and family, and has discussions w ith strangers on 
his website which he checks a t the local library.
He has ridden his bike long distances, traveled on 
fre igh t trains, hitchhiked through nearly every state 
in the United States, worked on a fishing boat, 
collected mussels from Pacific beaches, caught 
salmon in streams in Alaska, and spent three 
months living in a tree a fte r a storm.
“ I know it ’s possible to live w ith zero money” Suelo 
declares. And he says you can live well.
12
b R e a d th e ch a p te r a g a in and ch o o se th e c o r re c t an sw e rs .
1 W h a t do w e le a rn abou t the m an in the f ir s t 
p a rag raph?
a H e had ju s t le ft schoo l.
(b) H e had th ou gh t abou t h is a c t io n s ca re fu lly , 
c H e had had a d i f f ic u lt c h ild h o o d .
2 W h a t has D a n ie l S u e lo done s in ce he changed h is life ? 
a H e has go tten in to debt.
b H e has b ou gh t a house, 
c H e h a sn ’t used any m oney.
3 H o w does he get enough to eat? 
a H e f in d s food .
b H is fa m ily c o o k s fo r h im . 
c H e bu ys food .
4 W h a t 's D a n ie l S u e lo lik e ? 
a H e 's shy.
b H e 's lazy, 
c H e 's ou tgo ing .
5 H o w does he get f ro m one p lace to ano the r? 
a H e r id e s h is b ik e eve ryw here .
b H e uses d if fe re n t m e thod s o f t ra n sp o rta t io n , 
c H e a lw ays uses t ra in s .
c L o o k a t th e h ig h l ig h te d w o rd s and p h ra se s . W h a t do 
y o u t h in k th e y m e an ? U se y o u r d ic t io n a r y to lo o k up 
th e ir m e a n in g and p ro n u n c ia t io n .
d C o m p le te th e se n ten ce s w it h o n e o f th e h ig h lig h te d 
w o rd s o r p h ra ses .
1 C le a n fre sh w a te r o ften com es f ro m m o u n ta in
streams .
2 It’s im p o rta n t to have a ________________________ fo r
w hen you get old.
3 T h e g ian t f is h scu lp tu re s in R io w ere m ade u s in g 
 p la s t ic bo ttle s.
4 T h e early n in e teen th ce n tu ry w as an im p o rta n t 
 fo r opera.
5 H e has shares in som e com pan ies , so he ’s in terested in
w ha t happens on th e ________________________ .
6 Y ou m ig h t get s ic k i f you eat fo o d a fte r i t s ____________-
5 L IS T E N IN G
a j H g p L is te n to fo u r sp e a k e rs t a lk in g ab o u t 
h o w th ey m a n a g e o n th e ir in c o m e s . M a t c h the 
sp e a k e rs w it h th e ir s itu a t io n .
Speake r 1 _d_
Speake r 2 __
Speake r 3 __
Speake r 4 _
a a s in g le pa ren t 
b a fa m ily w ith c h ild re n 
c a s in g le re t ire d p e rso n on a pen s io n 
d a y o u n g pe rson w ho liv e s w ith 
h is / he r pa ren ts
b L is te n a g a in and m a rk th e sen ten ces T (true) o r F (false). 
Speaker 1
1 H e doe sn ’t e a rn m u ch m oney. F_
2 H e saves m o s t o f h is sa lary . __
Speaker 2
3 She do e sn ’t o w n the house w here she lives.
4 She th in k s m oney is m o re im p o rta n t th an fam ily . __
Speaker 3
5 H e ca n ’t liv e o n h is in com e . __
6 H e is n ’t in debt. __
Speaker 4
7 She o n ly w o rk s in a s to re on the w eekends. __
8 She spends m o st o f her m oney o n he r c h ild re n . __
c L is te n a g a in w it h th e a u d io s c r ip t o n p. 69.
U S E FU L W O R D S A N D P H R A S E S
L e a rn th ese w ords and p hrases.
backer /'b iekar/ 
b i l l io n a ir e / 'b ilyansr/ 
b rand /briend/ 
cu s to m e r /'kAstam sr/ 
e n tre p re n e u ria l /an trap ra 'na ria l/ 
lo w -p a y in g / lo o 'perynj/ 
re je c t io n /r i'd 3ekjh / 
sa le sm an / 'se ilzm an/ 
se lf-m ade /ss lf 'm e id / 
w ea lth y /'welO i/
13
O n ly I can chang e m y life . No o ne e ls e can do it fo r me.
Carol Burnett, US actress & comedian
2B Changing lives
1 G R A M M A R present perfect 
simple + fo r / since ; present 
perfect continuous
a W r it e th e w o rd s an d p h ra se s in th e b o x in 
th e c o r r e c t c o lu m n .
-2095- a long time a week March six months 
I was litt le the last tw o days Tuesday 
years and years you las t called
fo r s in ce
2005
b C o m p le te th e se n ten ce s w it h th e p re sen t
p e r fe c t fo rm o f th e v e rb in p a re n th e se s and 
f o r o r since.
1 Ive had m y ca r fo r about a m onth , 
(have)
2 M y m o m ___________________ s ic k __________
last F riday, (be)
3 W e ___________________ each o the r
__________w e w ere in schoo l, (know )
4 H e ___________________ fo r the same
co m p a n y ______________ five years, (work)
5 T h e y __________________ in M ia m i
__________ they got m anned, (live)
6 M y p a re n ts___________________ away
__________ fo r th ree days, (be)
7 I___________________ to go to A u s tra lia
__________a lo ng tim e , (want)
8 S h e ___________________to me
__________la st year, (not speak)
c C o m p le te the d ia lo g u e s w ith the p re sen t p e r fe c t c o n t in u o u s fo rm 
o f th e verbs.
1 A Have you heard Heather’s new band? 
B No. Have they been playing 
together fo r a long time? (they / play)
2 A How long was your flight?
B Twelve hours.______________________
all day. (we / travel)
3 A My brother has a very good job in New York City.
B Really? How long____________________
____________________ there? (he / work)
4 A Diana finally found a new apartment!
B Oh good!___________________________
one fo r so long! (she / look for)
5 A Why does Eric's teacher want to see you?
B ____________________________________
his homework lately, (he / not do)
6 A You’re late.
B Yes, I know. Sorry.__________________
_______________ long? (you / wait)
7 A You look exhausted.
B ______________________________________
the kids all day! (I / take care of)
1 H o w lo ng have you lived / haveyou been living ab road? /
2 I ’ve studied j(fy eb een studying) C h in e s e fo r tw o years.
3 H a n n a h has had / has been having the sam e b o y fr ie n d s in ce she w as 
in schoo l.
4 H o w lo ng has Mark played / has Mark been playing the bass gu ita r?
5 He’s worked / He’s been working at th is schoo l s ince he started teach ing.
6 I ’ve known / I ’ve been knowing y o u fo r years.
7 We’ve gone / We've been going to the sam e den tis t s ince w e w ere k ids.
8 You’ve worn / You've been wearing th a t coa t fo r years!
14
(C irc le ) the c o r re c t fo rm . I f b o th fo rm s are poss ib le , ch e ck ( / ) th e sentence.
2 PR O N U N C IA TIO N sentence stress
a
b
3
a
b
c
d
f f lI E f i lSSl. L is te n and c o m p le te the sentences.
1 I ’ve been traveling a l l day .
2 H o w ______________ have they been go in g
______________ toge ther?
3 She ’s been______________ s ick s in ce______________
4 T h e y ______________ b e e n _______________ here
fo r long.
5 W e 've b e e n ______________ the house
a l l ______________ .
6 1______________ b e e n _______________w e ll lately.
L is te n a g a in an d re pea t th e sen ten ces. C o p y 
th e r h y th m .
R E A D IN G
R ea d the a r t ic le on ce and m a tch p h o to s 1 -3 w ith 
p a ra g ra p h s A - C .
R e a d th e a r t ic le ag a in . A n s w e r th e q u e s t io n s 
w it h th e le tte rs A , B , o r C .
W h ic h o rg a n iz a t io n . ..?
1 takes peop le fo r tw o w eeks o r a m o n th _B_
2 encourages s ig h tse e in g _
3 o ffe rs a c co m m o d a t io n s in tents
4 says w h a t vo lu n te e rs sh o u ld b r in g __
5 g ives vo lu n te e rs free a fte rn o o n s _
6 le ts vo lu n te e rs stay w ith o the rs in a hu t __
7 a rranges a c com m od a t io n s w ith lo c a l peop le _
8 o n ly needs vo lun tee rs fo r p a r t o f the yea r __
L o o k a t th e h ig h l ig h te d w o rd s and ph ra ses . 
W h a t d o y o u t h in k th ey m e an ? C h e c k w ith 
y o u r d ic t io n a ry .
C o m p le te th e se n ten ce s w it h o n e o f the 
h ig h l ig h te d w o rd s o r p h ra ses .
1 M y lit t le n iece o n ly w a n ts to p lay on the
_______swing_______ w h e n w e go to the park.
2 I fy o u a ll_______________________________
____________________ , w e 'll be ab le to buy o u r
co lle ague a n ice go ing -aw ay p resent.
3 I’d ra th e r see a n im a ls i n ____________________
than in a zoo.
4 T h e s ch o o l is o rg a n iz in g an a fte r-s ch o o l c lub
f o r ____________________ c h ild re n in the area.
5 T h e peop le w a it in g fo r the buses w ere s ta n d in g
unde rnea th th e ____________________because it
w as ra in in g .
6 W e ’re m o v in g to a new house th is weekend. C a n
you com e a n d __________________________________
____________________ w ith the p a ck ing ?
Do you want to be
a volunteer?
A T h e B ook Bus
Do you enjoy reading? Do you like children? Then why not volunteer fo r 
our mobile library service in Zambia? We work with underprivileged 
children in public elementary schools, and it's a lot o f fun. We read 
stories, do art projects, and organize activities to help the children 
learn English. A fter breakfast at 7 a.m., we head to our f irs t school in 
time fo r the beginning o f the school day. Every morning we visit a t least 
four schools, and we spend about an hour in each one. We get back to 
our campsite at around 2 p.m. fo r lunch, and after tha t you have the 
afternoon free to relax or prepare activities. The project takes place 
from May to September, and it’s open to everyone. Volunteers have to 
pay fo r the ir own flight and make a contribution to the project.
B T h e G re a t O ra n g u ta n P ro je c t
Are you an animal lover? If you are, then you should come to Kubah 
National Park in Borneo. We need people to help us take care o f our 
orangutans. Unfortunately, you won't be able to touch the animals 
because they are being prepared to be released into the wild, but you’ll 
work very close to them. You'll spend your time in the Wildlife Center 
repairing the shelters where the orangutans live, or building new ones. 
You might have to make a swing, or install some ropes where the animals 
can play. You’ll share a room in a wooden hut tha t looks out onto the 
rainforest. The program lasts fo r two or four weeks and i t costs $1,935 or 
$2,820 respectively, excluding flights.
C C o n s tru c tio n in Peru
Are you good a t making things? If you are, and you’d like to take part in 
a construction project, how about corning to Peru to lend a hand? You’ll 
be based in Cuzco in southeastern Peru, and you'll be involved in the 
construction o f a small school, and a community center or an orphanage. 
You may have to paint and make repairs to existing buildings, or build 
new ones in and around the city. You’ll live w ith a Peruvian family, and 
you'll eat all your meals together in the ir house. All o f the houses have 
electricity and running water, but you'll have to go to an Internet cafe in 
Cuzco if you want to go online. You are expected to work from Monday 
to Friday, and on the weekends you can explore some o f the fantastic 
sights in the region. Please bring your own work clothes.
4 V O C A B U L A R Y strong adjectives
a C o m p le te th e ad je c t iv e fo r e ach p ic tu re .
1 S h e ’s ab so lu te ly 
f reezing.
3 T h e y ’re re a lly 
e___________________ .
b C o m p le te the sen tences w ith a s t ro n g ad jective .
1 A Are you sure the meeting is today?
B Yes, I'm absolutely p o s it iv e .
2 A Is your boyfriend’s apartm ent small?
B Yes, it's really___________ .
3 A Were your parents angry about your tes t scores?
B Yes, they w ere___________ .
4 A Is your sister afraid of insects?
B Yes, she’s absolu te ly___________ o f them.
5 A Were you surprised when you passed your
driving test?
B Yes, I was rea lly___________ .
6 A Were the kids hungry when they arrived?
B Yes, they were abso lu te ly__________ .
b L is te n a g a in a n d a n sw e r th e q u e s t io n s .
1 W h a t d id J.D . L e w is use to do?
H e used to be a n a c to r .
2 H o w o ld a re the ch ild re n ?
3 H o w m u ch is the t r ip g o in g to cost?
4 W h a t ’s the n am e o f h is o rg a n iza t io n ?
5 W h a t d id they do in T h a ila n d ?
6 H o w d id they he lp the c h ild re n in R w anda?
7 W h o d id they he lp in K enya?
8 W h a t does J. D . L e w is hope h is o rg a n iz a t io n w i l l do 
in the fu tu re ?
c L is te n a g a in w it h th e a u d io s c r ip t o n p. 70.
USEFUL W O RDS A N D PH R A SES
L e a rn th ese w ords and phrases.
b lis te rs / 'b lis ta rz / 
c h a r ity AJ'terati/ 
k ayak /'ka itek/ 
ache /e ik/ 
ta rget / 'ta rga t/ 
m e lt /melt/ 
padd le /'predl/ 
r is k y / 'r is k i/
go fo rw a rd /goo 'forward/ 
sp o n so r p ro je c ts / 'sponsor 'p ra d 3sk ts /
G j£ l0 FILE 2
16
2 It ’s d___________________ !
4 H e ’s h___________________ .
5 It ’s ab so lu te ly
en___________________ .
6 T h e y ’re
f ___________________.
5 L IS T E N IN G
a L is te n to a n e w s s to ry a b o u t a n A m e r ic a n
fa m ily w h o is t r a v e lin g a ro u n d th e w o r ld d o in g 
v o lu n te e r w o rk . C h e c k ( / ) th e p la ce s th e y have 
a lre a d y v is ite d .
1 A u s t ra lia [ZJ
2 A n ta r c t ic a L d
3 C h in a
4 H a it i
5 In d ia
6 K en ya
7 Pa raguay LU
8 Pe ru
9 R u ss ia
10 R w a n d a
11 T h a ila n d [
12 Z a n z ib a r L d
1 V O C A B U L A R Y transportation
a C o m p le te th e c ro s sw o rd .
b C o m p le te th e c o m p o u n d n o u n s w it h one w o rd .
1 D o n ’t fo rget to pu t y o u r seat b e lt on.
2 Y o u ’ l l get a ______________ ticke t i f you leave y o u r ca r there.
3 S o r ry w e 're late. W e w ere s tuck in a ______________ jam
dow n tow n .
4 W e go t he ld up by th e ______________ w o rk o n the freeway.
5 I w ish b ike r id e rs w o u ld use th e ______________ lane instead
o f the s idew a lk .
6 W e need to f i l l up at th e ______________ sta tio n before
w e leave.
7 T ra f f ic is a lw ays w orse d u r in g ______________ hour.
8 T h e re aren 't any cabs w a it in g a t th e ______________ stand.
9 S lo w dow n ! T h e re a re ______________ cam eras o n th is road.
10 W e s topped a t t h e ______________ lig h t and w a ite d fo r it to
tu rn green.
2 P R O N U N C IA T IO N /J/, d3/, and/tj/
a ( C ir c le ) th e w o rd w it h a d if fe re n t so u n d .
1 f t *
if- 2 J
3 1
'd fc
jazz shower jazz chess
dangerous crash check-in chem istry
bridge seat belt passenger catch
(rush) sta tion tra ffic jam departure
L is te n a n d ch e ck . T h e n l is te n ag a in 
a n d re p e a t th e w o rd s .
17
Clues across
1 It’s a la rge veh ic le th a t c a rr ie s passengers and stops 
re g u la r ly to le t th em o n and o ff.
3 It’s w he re you w a it fo r a t r a in at a t ra in sta tion .
6 It’s a fast road w here t r a f f ic can trave l lo ng d istances 
be tw een la rge to w n s o r c ities .
8 It’s b igge r th an a ca r b u t sm a lle r th an a tru ck .
9 It’s a typ e o f ra ilw a y system th a t tra ve ls u n d e r the ground .
Clues down
2 It ’s a lik e a m o to rcy c le bu t less p o w e rfu l.
4 It ’s a ty p e o f sm a ll t ra in tha t m oves b y e le c tr ic ity a long 
sp e c ia l ra ils .
5 It's v e ry lo n g and used fo r t ra n sp o r t in g peop le o r 
th in g s b y ra il.
7 It’s used fo r tra n sp o r t in g large quan titie s o f th in g s b y road.
3A Race across Florida
A good tra ve le r has no fixed plans.
Lao Tzu, Taoist Philosopher
3 G R A M M A R comparatives and superlatives
a Com plete the sentences with one word.
1 G a s is n 't as e xpens ive in the U S as it is in the U K .
2 M y fa th e r d r iv e s m o re s lo w ly _____________ m y m other.
3 T h e y sa id tha t today w a s _____________ ho ttes t day o f the year.
4 L e t 's go b y t ra in . I t ’s _____________ co m fo rta b le th an th e bus.
5 T h is is t h e _____________ f l ig h t I’ve ever been on . I ’ l l never f ly w ith
th is a ir l in e aga in .
6 I t h in k t ra in s a r e _____________ dange rou s th a n cars. T h e re are
few er acc idents.
7 It ’s _____________ to go by subw ay th an by bus. Buses are m u ch slow er.
8 T h e 4 0 5 is t h e _____________ cro w d ed freew ay in C a lifo rn ia .
9 You 're at the Shera ton? W e 're stav ing a t the same h o te l_____________ you.
10 W h y d o n ’t w e r id e o u r b ike s? It’s t h e _____________ expens ive w ay
to trave l.
b W r it e sen ten ces w ith th e in fo rm a t io n f r o m th e su rvey . U s e the 
co m p a ra t iv e o r th e supe r la t ive .
W here to go?
We reveal the results from our reader survey o f three popular vacation destinations.
Cancun
(Mexico)
Beijing
(China)
Sydney
(Australia)
It's cheap.
It’s crowded.
It’s easy to get to. 
It’s exciting.
It's hot.
It's relaxing.
1 C a n c u n / cheap / B e ij in g
Cancun is cheaper than Beijing.____________
2 B e ij in g / c ro w d ed / o f the th ree d e s t in a t io n s
c R e w r ite the c o m p a ra t iv e sen ten ces in b 
u s in g (not) a s ... as.
1 expensive (sentence 1)
Cancun isn’t as expensive as Beijing.
2 difficu lt (sentence 3)
3 exciting (sentence 4)
4 cold (sentence 5) 
—
4 P R O N U N C IA T IO N linking
a L is te n an d c o m p le te the
sen ten ces.
1 T h e most relaxing w ay to 
tra ve l is b y tra in .
2 T h e seven h o u rs in the a irp o r t w as
th e _____________________________ p a rt
o f the vaca tion .
3 T h e _____________________________
p lace to v is it is the m useum .
4 F ly in g is a lo t ______________
______________ th an g o in g b y bus.
5 T h e y sh ou ld have the p a rty a t th e ir
house. I t ’s m u ch b ig g e r______________
6 S co o te rs a re n 't______________
m o to rcyc le s .
b L is t e n a g a in an d re p e a t th e sen ten ces. 
L is t e n c a re fu l ly to th e l in k e d w o rd s . 
C o p y th e r h y th m .
3 B e ij in g / easy to get to / Sydney
4 S ydney / e x c it in g / C a n cu n
5 S ydney / h o t / B e ij in g
6 S ydney / re la x in g / o f the th ree d e s t in a t io n s
18
5 R E A D IN G
a R e a d th e a r t ic le o n ce . W h ic h is th e o ld e s t fo rm 
o f t r a n s p o r ta t io n ?
Unusual ways of 
getting around
Bam boo trains
This is the best way to see rural Cambodia. A bamboo train, or nori 
as the locals call it, is a bamboo platform on wheels that travels 
along tracks. It's powered by an engine, and it can reach a speed of 
25 miles per hour. Passengers sit on a grass mat on the nori. Noris 
may not be as comfortable as conventional trains, butthey're 
certainly a lot cheaper. Pick up a nori from Battambang Station, 
but rememberto agree on a price before you get on.
Totora reed boats
These boats have been around 
for centuries. They are made 
from the reeds that grow on the 
banks o f Lake Titicaca, one of the 
largest lakes in South America.
As well as making boats from totora reeds, the local people use 
them to make their houses, which they build on floating islands. 
Totora reed boats are still used for hunting and fishing, but today 
some of the local people transport people across the lake in them. 
Traveling on a reed boat among the floating islands ofthe lake 
is a must for visitors to Peru.
Jeepney
A jeepney is the most common 
form of public transportation in 
the Philippines. They are made 
out o f the jeeps left on the islands 
by the American army at the end 
of World War II. People gave the jeeps a roof, put in two long seats 
on either side and painted them, turning them into small buses. 
Jeepneys have open windows instead of air conditioning. They're 
often packed with passengers and there are no bus stops-the 
driverjust slows down to let the passengers jump on and off.
Dog sleds
Dog sledding is a unique 
experience because it's 
something you can't do in many 
other parts ofthe 
world. It was once the only wayto 
get around in the snow o f Alaska, 
but now its use is limited to winter sports and tourism. The best 
time to try it is from January to March - in the summerthere isn't 
enough snow, so the dogs pull sleds on wheels. The ride can be a 
little bumpy because the sled sometimes goes over stones and the 
dogs bark a lot. All the same, it's an opportunity not to be missed.
b R e a d th e a r t ic le a g a in . M a r k th e se n ten ce s T (true) 
o r F (fa lse).
1 N o r is are a good w ay to see C a m b o d ia n c ities . _F
2 T h e tra in fare is no t a lw ays the same. __
3 To to ra reed boats are m ade fro m sp e c ia l p lan ts. __
4 Today the boa ts a re o n ly used to c a r ry to u r is ts .
5 Jeepneys are used by the m ilita ry to tran spo rt so ld iers. __
6 T h e re are u su a lly a lo t o f peop le in jeepneys. __
7 M o s t peop le in A la s k a do n 't tra ve l by dog
sled anym ore. __
8 D o g sleds are a ve ry re la x in g w ay to trave l. __
c L o o k a t th e h ig h l ig h te d w o rd s a n d p h ra se s . W h a t do 
y o u t h in k th e y m e a n ? U se y o u r d ic t io n a r y to lo o k up 
th e ir m e a n in g a n d p ro n u n c ia t io n .
6 L IS T E N IN G
a L is te n to th e e xpe r ie n ce s o f f iv e sp eake rs w h o
w e re d o in g d a n g e ro u s th in g s w h ile th ey w e re d r iv in g . 
M a t c h th e sp e ake rs w it h th e th in g s th e y w e re d o in g .
Speaker 1 E.
Speaker 2 __
Speaker 3 __
Speaker 4 __
Speaker 5 __
A P u t t in g o n m akeup 
B L is te n in g to h is /he r favo rite m us ic 
C W r it in g a text message 
D S e tt in g o r ad ju st ing a G PS 
E T a lk in g on a ce ll phone
b L is te n a g a in and a n sw e r th e q u e s t io n s .
1 W h a t d id Speaker 1 's ca r crash in to ? A v a n ___________
2 H o w fa r h ad Speake r 2 d r iv e n past D e n ve r be fo re she
re a liz e d her m is ta k e ? __________________________________
3 W h e re d id Speake r 3 end u p ? ___________________________
4 W h o d id Speaker 4 a lm ost h it ? _________________________
5 W h a t c o lo r w as the t ra ff ic lig h t w hen the acc ident
happened to Speake r 5 ? ________________________________
c L is te n a g a in w it h th e a u d io s c r ip t o n p. 70.
U S E FU L W O R D S A N D P H R A S E S
L e a rn th ese w ords and phrases.
ad just (G P S ) /a'd3ASt/ 
re a ch /ritJ7
be ahead o f /b i a 'h sd av/
c ra sh ( in to) /kraeJV
get s tu ck ( in a t r a f f ic jam ) /get 'stnk/
get w orse /gst 'wars/
tu rn red /tarn 'red/
tu rn a ro u n d /ta rn a 'raond/
do y o u r h a ir /du yar her/
pu t o n m akeup /p o t an 'meik/\p/
19
Men w ant to be a woman's f irs t love. Women like to be a man's las t romance.
Oscar Wilde, Irish writer
3B Stereotypes - or are they?
1 G R A M M A R articles: a /an, the, no article
a (^ Trde)the c o r r e c t a n sw e rs .
1 I t h in k (girts)/ the girls are b e tte r at le a rn in g languages / the languages th an boys / the boys.
2 D id you lo c k door / the door w hen you le ft house / the house th is m o rn in g ?
3 M y s is te r w o rk s fo r Japanese ja Japanese com pany. She ’s engineer / an engineer.
4 I d o n ’t u s u a lly like fish / the fish , bu t salmon / the salmon w e had la st n ig h t w as de lic iou s .
5 W e go to movies / the movies once a week / the week.
6 D o n ’t w o r ry ! I t ’s n o t the end / end o f the world / world.
7 D o you th in k women / the women are m o re sen s it ive th an men / the men?
8 W h a t beautiful / a beautiful day! L e t ’s have lunch / a lunch o n the pa tio .
b A r e th e h ig h l ig h te d p h ra se s r ig h t ( / ) o r w ro n g ( / ) ? C o r r e c t th e w ro n g ph ra ses .
2 P R O N U N C IA T IO N /ə/, sentence stress,
/ðə/ or /ð!/?
a L is te n an d c o m p le te th e sen ten ces.
1 I’d l ik e to speak to the manager .
2 I pu t th e ___________________ on the
3 ___________________ are w e g o in g t o ___________________
to n ig h t?
4 C o u ld y o u ___________________ th e ____________________
fo r a m in u te ?
5 She needs to see a ___________________ about
h e r ___________________ .
6 W e w an t t o ___________________ f o r a __________________
to m o rrow .
b L is te n ag a in and repeat. C o p y the rh y th m .
c L is te n an d repeat the ph rases . Pay
a tte n t io n to the p ro n u n c ia t io n o f the.
1 T h e co n ve rsa tio n w as abou t the w o m a n nex t door.
2 T h e u n iv e rs ity in v ite d a guest to speak a t the m eeting .
3 1 so m e tim e s go to the thea te r in the even ing .
4 W e to o k the e le va to r in s te ad o f w a lk in g up the s ta irs .
5 T h e o ff ic e gave m e a l l the in fo rm a t io n I needed.
6 T h e g ray s k ir t is n ice , bu t I p re fe r the b la ck one.
1 T h a t ’s p re tty d r e s s - t h e co lo r su its you.
a pretty dress________________________________
2 H e ’s h o p in g to v is it h is pa ren ts the n ex t w eekend.
3 T h e m oney doesn ’t m ake peop le happy.
4 M y g rand fa the r le ft s c h o o l w hen he w as 14.
5 T h e y go to the den tis t about tw ic e the y e a r .
6 H ave you w atched D V D th a t I len t you ?
7 T h a t w as one o f the best m ea ls I’ve ever had.
8 W h a t n o is y c h i ld ! W h e re are h is parents?
9 A le x is s tu d y in g to becom e do c to r.
10 I love the cats, bu t m y bo y fr ie n d doesn ’t lik e them .
11 H e r hu sband s its in f ro n t o f the T V a l l day.
12 She a lw ays gets to the w o rk at f iv e - th ir ty .
3 R E A D IN G
a R e a d th e a r t ic le o n ce an d p u t the h e a d in g s in the c o r re c t p lace.
A M e n are be tte r n av iga to rs th an w om en 
B W o m e n ta lk m o re th a n m en 
C M e n d o n 't see c o lo rs as w e ll as w om en
Stereotypes
supported by science
ı _______________
Men have a reputation for wearing clothes that don’t look 
good together - if men do look good, it’s because their 
girlfriends or wives have helped them get dressed. Why’s that?
Science says: Let’s take a look at chromosomes - the parts of our DNA 
that control many things about us. The color red is carried only by the 
X chromosome. Women have two X chromosomes, and so they are 
more likely to be able to see red. Men only have one X chromosome. 
How we see color depends on the ability to see red, blue, and green, 
so women are more likely to see colors better. Being able to see colors 
well was im portant in prehistoric times when women looked for fru it for 
food. They had to be able to tell the difference between the types of 
fru it on the trees so that they didn’t choose a type tha t was poisonous. 
For them, seeing different colors meant they could survive.
2 
Most men have a natural ability to read maps while women 
usually need to turn them around. How come?
Science says: Men are able to see the size and position of things 
much quicker than women. This ability is called “spatial awareness”. 
Researchers discovered in a study o f four-year-old children tha t only 
one girl has this ability for every four boys. Once again, the explanation 
can be found in the past. Do you remember those prehistoric women? 
Well, while they were looking fo r fruit, the men traveled long distances 
to hunt animals. When they had caught enough, they had to find their 
way home again. And this is where they learned “spatial awareness.” 
The women d idn 't need it because they hardly ever went out o f sight of 
the ir homes, but for the men, it was vital.
3 
Humans are social animals, so why is it that men don’t like 
sharing their problems while women tell their best friends 
everything?
Science says: The answer is in the brain. The parts responsible for 
language are 17% larger in a woman’s brain than in a man’s brain. Also, 
women use both the left and the right side o f the brain to use language, 
while men use only one side - the ir strongest side. And there’s more. 
The part o f the brain that connects the two parts together - the corpus 
callosum - is larger in women too, which means tha t they can move 
information from one part to the other part more quickly. Nobody 
is sure why these differences exist, but it's dea r tha t women have a 
definite advantage over men when it comes to communication.
b R ea d th e a rt ic le aga in . C h o o s e the r ig h t answ ers.
1 M e n can f in d it d i f f ic u lt to p e rce iv e ... 
a th ree co lo rs .
(b ) one co lo r, 
c an y co lo rs .
2 See ing co lo rs w e ll helped p reh is to r ic w om en ... 
a f in d in te re s t in g th in g s to eat.
b c o o k fo o d co rrec t ly , 
c choose the r ig h t f ru it .
3 T h e re su lts o f the study show ed th a t . ..
a fou r-yea r-o ld s don ’t have spa tia l awareness, 
b boys le a rn sp a t ia l aw areness be fo re g ir ls , 
c g ir ls d o n ’t have sp a t ia l aw areness.
4 W o m e n d id n ’t need sp a t ia l aw areness in 
p re h is to r ic t im es b e cau se ...
a the m en w ere a lw ays w ith them , 
b they never le ft hom e, 
c they d id n 't trave l fa r fro m hom e.
5 M e n are w o rse at c o m m u n ic a t in g be cau se ... 
a p a r t o f th e ir b ra in s is sm a lle r.
b th e ir b ra in s a re 17% sm a lle r, 
c th e ir b ra in s are larger.
6 T h e fu n c t io n o f the co rp u s c a llo su m in the 
b ra in is ...
a to co m m u n ica te be tw een b o th sides, 
b to s to re d if fe re n t languages, 
c to c o n tro l the language p rocess .
c L o o k a t the h ig h l ig h te d w o rd s a n d p h ra ses . 
W h a t d o y o u t h in k th e y m e an ? U s e y o u r 
d ic t io n a r y to lo o k u p th e ir m e a n in g and 
p ro n u n c ia t io n .
d C o m p le te th e sen ten ce s w it h o ne o f th e 
h ig h l ig h te d w o rd s o r p h ra ses .
1 It’s a definite advantage to have good 
test sco re s i f you w a n t to go to co llege.
2 D o n ’t eat those m u sh ro o m s you fo u n d
outs ide ! T h e y c o u ld b e ___________________ .
3 W h o 's _______________________________________
m a k in g th is m ess?
4 S h e 's _______________________________________
to accep t i f you in v ite he r husband as w e ll.
5 I ta lia n p e o p le ___________________
_______________________________________ fo r
b e in g g rea t cooks.
6 It ’s ___________________ th a t I f in is h the re p o rt
be fo re the end o f the day.
21
4 V O C A B U L A R Y collocation: verbs / 
adjectives + prepositions
a (C iT c le )the c o r r e c t p re p o s it io n s .
1 T h e y 're a r r iv in g at / on /(m) Seou l o n F riday.2 T h a t su itca se belongs f o r / f ro m / to me.
3 W e sh ou ld ask som eone at I fo r / o f d ire c t io n s .
4 W e m ig h t go c am p in g , b u t it depends 
in I o f I on the w eather.
5 E v e ry b o d y laughed about I at I to m e w hen 
I fe ll o f f the cha ir.
6 W h o ’s g o in g to pay fo r j o j j with the m ea l?
7 I d ream ed about I from / with m y o ld sch oo l 
fr ie n d s la s t n igh t.
8 T h a t g ir l re m in d s m e about I o f I to m y cou s in .
b C o m p le te th e se n ten ce s w ith th e c o r re c t
p re p o s it io n s .
1 T o n y used to be m a rr ie d to Teresa.
2 Y ou can r e ly ______________ m e to h e lp you w ith
the p a rty to m o rrow .
3 T h e y ’ re w o r r ie d ______________ th e ir
teenage son.
4 W e 're n o t very in te re s ted ______________
abstract art.
5 I ’m ve ry d if fe re n t______________ m y sister.
6 A d a m 's ve ry g o o d ______________m ath .
7 I 'm fed u p ______________ th is w eather.
8 H e 's fa m o u s______________ h is ro le in
Sherlock Holmes.
5 W H E N A R E P R E P O S IT IO N S 
S TR E S S E D ?
L is te n and co m p le te th e d ia lo g u e s .
b L is te n a g a in a n d repea t. C o p y th e r h y th m .
6 L IS T E N IN G
a L is te n to a r a d io c a l l- in p ro g ra m . W h ic h
sp e a k e r h a s th e m o s t t r a d it io n a l v ie w a b o u t m e n d o in g 
th e c o o k in g ?
1 N ic k ŋ 2 Eve Q 3 F ra n k Q 4 M a r t in a [_
b L is te n a g a in and m a rk the sen ten ce s T (true) o r F (fa lse).
1 N ic k is unem p loyed . X
2 H e w o u ld n ’t l ik e to be a chef. __
3 E ve co o k s a l l the m ea ls a t he r house. __
4 She spends a lo t o f t im e c le a n in g the k itchen .
5 F ra n k th in k s tha t g ir ls w o rk ha rde r th an they used to. __
6 F ra n k th in k s tha t g ir ls now adays can cook .
7 M a r t in a 's p a rtn e r does a l l the co o k in g . __
8 M a r t in a re spects m en w h o can cook.
c L is te n a g a in w it h th e a u d io s c r ip t o n p. 71.
U S E FU L W O R D S A N D P H R A S E S
L e a rn th ese w ords and phrases.
c la im (vb) /k le irn /
reduce /n 'dus/
a lm o s t /'o lm oost/
s lig h t ly / 's la it li/
w he reas /wsr'rez/
a c co rd in g to /a 'kordnj tu /
in fact An 'ftekt/
range fro m / 're ind 3 from /
tend to /Tend ta/
be s ke p tica l o f / b i 's k s p t ik l av/
file 3
22
1 A Who did you argue with ?
B I ___________w ith m y___________ .
2 A Who are you_______________________ ?
B I’m ___________ a t___________ !
3 A What are you so_______________________?
B I’m ___________ about m y___________ .
4 A What are you_______________________?
B I’m ___________ to th e ___________ .
Practical English A difficult celebrity
1 G IV IN G O P IN IO N S 3 R E A D IN G
C o m p le te th e d ia lo g u e .
John I love th is song. Can you turn it up?
Anna Do I have to? It's really old.
John It may be old, bu t i t ’s one o f my 
favorites . 1 Personally . I th ink 
pop music was be tte r in the past 
than it is now. What do you 
2th _________________ ?
Anna No, I don’t th ink th a t ’s
3 r__________________. In my
4 op_________________ , there is some
great music around. And some of 
today’s singers have amazing voices.
John l 5ag_________________ .B u t very few
o f them w rite the ir own music. If you
6 as__________________me, the real
musicians are the ones who w rite the 
songs and then perform them live on 
stage. Don’t you7 ag_________________ ?
Anna To be 8 h__________________, I don’t
know a lo t about it. I ju s t turn the radio 
on and listen to what they ’re playing!
2 S O C IA L EN G LIS H
C o m p le te th e d ia lo g u e s . U se a ph ra se 
c o n ta in in g the w o rd in pa ren theses .
1 A Hello! I ’m back ! (back)
B Hi! Did you have a good day?
2 A I’m going out fo r a walk now. Do you want
to come?
B ____________________________
I’LL get my coat, (minute)
3 A I brought you some flowers.
B Thank you. That’s _______________
_______________________________ . (kind)
4 A ____________________________
_______________ w hat you said about
moving to California? (mean)
B Yes. I think it ’ll be a great opportunity for us.
5 A You look upset. What’s the matter.
B Nothing really._______________
_______________________________my
boyfriend’s away and I really miss him. (just)
a R e a d the tex t. M a r k the sen ten ce s T (true) o r F (fa lse).
1 N e w Y o rk ta x is a re a l l the sam e m o d e l o f car. _F
2 A m e d a llio n n u m b e r has fo u r nu m be rs and one letter. __
3 A n o ff-d u ty cab w on 't p ic k you up. __
4 Y o u sh o u ld s tand in the stree t u n t i l a ta x i s tops fo r you. __
5 W h e n you get in a ta x i, the p r ic e s ta rts at 50 cents. __
6 Y o u pay pe r m in u te i f you are n o t m o v in g . __
7 T a x i d r iv e rs l ik e to be p a id in cash. __
NEW YORK TAXIS
New York taxis provide an essential 
service to New Yorkers and tourists for 
getting around the city. There are over 
12,000 yellow medallion taxicabs so 
it doesn’t take long to see one.
What does a New York taxi look like?
New York taxis come in many different shapes and sizes, but to be 
official taxis they must be yellow. They must also have a special code 
called a medallion number: one number, then one letter, and two 
more numbers. A bronze badge with the same code should also be 
displayed on the hood.
Only taxis w ith the above are legally licensed to pick you up!
How will I know when a New York taxi is available?
It's all in the lights! When jus t the center light illuminates the medallion 
number, the taxi is available to be hailed. When the center light is off 
and both sidelights are on (illuminating the words "Off Duty” ), the taxi 
is o ff duty. When no lights are illuminated, the taxi is already in use.
How to hail a New York taxi.
First, try to hail a taxi in the direction you are already going; it saves 
tim e and money. When you see an available taxi, make sure it's 
safe and step o ff the sidewalk while holding your hand up high. If for 
any reason you don’t get the driver’s attention, step back onto the 
sidewalk and wait fo r the next available taxi and repeat the process. 
It’s as simple as that.
New York taxi fares.
Once you step into the cab the meter will be turned on. This is called 
the “flag-drop fare” and is $2.50. After that it will cost you 50 cents 
for every one-fifth of a mile, or 50 cents per minute if you are stuck in 
traffic. There is a flat-rate charge o f $52 from Manhattan to JFK Airport. 
If you're happy with the trip , you should tip your driver between 15% 
and 20% o fth e tota l fare. Paying by cash is preferred, however all 
taxis now accept credit cards.
b U n d e r l in e f iv e w o rd s o r p h ra s e s y o u d o n ’t k n o w . U s e y o u r 
d ic t io n a r y to lo o k u p th e ir m e a n in g and p ro n u n c ia t io n .
Failure is n o t fa llin g down. Failure is fa llin g down and n o t g e tt in g up again.
Richard Nixon, former US President
4A Failure and success
1 G R A M M A R can, could, be able to
a ^ i r d g ) th e c o r re c t fo rm . C h e c k ( / ) i f b o th
a re c o r re c t .
1 She can / is able to s w im re a lly w e ll because 
she used to liv e by the ocean. /
2 Y ou d o n 't need to can iflbepbleto) d r iv e to 
liv e in the c ity .
3 L u k e could / was able to read w hen he w as 
o n ly th ree yea rs o ld .
4 I f it doesn 't r a in to m o rro w , we can / we’ll be 
able to go fo r a lo n g w a lk .
5 S o rry , I've been so bu sy th a t I haven’t could / 
haven 't been able to c a ll u n t i l now.
6 I f M a r ia had a less d e m a n d in g job , she 
could I would be able to en joy l ife m ore.
7 I've neve r could / been ableto dance w e ll, 
bu t I'd love to lea rn .
8 W e're rea lly so rry we couldn't / weren't able to 
com e to y o u r w edd ing .
9 I used to can / used to be able to speak a lit t le 
Po rtuguese , but I've fo rgo tten m o st o f it now .
10 Can you / Will you be able to m ake it to 
d in n e r to n ig h t?
11 T o w o rk fo r th is com pany, you must can / 
must be able to speak at least th ree 
languages.
12 I hate can 't / not being able to com m un ica te 
w ith the lo ca l peop le w hen I’m trave lin g .
b R e a d T y le r R u i z ’s re su m e . T h e n c o m p le te th e sen ten ce s w it h th e 
c o r r e c t f o r m o f can, could, o r be able to.
1 T y le r can sa il.
2 H e ________________________speak a l it t le C h in e se w h e n he
sta rted w o rk in g in H o n g K ong .
3 H e ________________________sp eak G e rm a n .
4 H e ________________________des ign w ebs ites s in ce 1999.
5 H e 'd l i k e ________________________speak R u ss ian .
6 H e ________________________ f in is h h is Ph .D . before he le ft the U S .
7 H e ________________________speak a l it t le R u s s ia n soon.
Nam e: Tyler Ruiz 
D ate of B irth: 09/22/1980
Education
Degree in French with Marketing (2003)
Master’s in Business Administration (2006)
Started Ph.D. in Business (2009) - incomplete
W ork E x p e rie n ce
1998-2000: Trainer and Operator with Texas Instruments, London 
2003-2009: Assistant then Marketing Manager, Texas Instruments, 
Dallas, USA
2009-present: Managing Director, AHH Marketing Services Ltd., 
Hong Kong
O ther S k ills
IT skills - advanced.
Course in web design 1999.
Languages
French (fluent) Chinese (basic) certificate 2008 
I hope to start Russian classes next January.
H ob b ies and Interests
Watersports, especially sailing and windsurfing
2 P R O N U N C IA T IO N sentence stress
L is te n an d re pea t th e sen ten ces. C o p y th e rh y th m .
1 She can s i n g v e r y w e l l .
2 I’ve n e v e r been a b l e to s k i .
3 C a n you r e a d a m a p ?
4 Y o u w o n ’t be a b l e to g o o u t t o m o r r o w .
5 H e h a s n ’t been a b l e to w a l k v e r y f a s t s ince he h u r t h is l e g .
6 T h e y a r e n ’t a b l e to c o m e t o n i g h t .
3 R E A D IN G
a R e a d th e a r t ic le o n ce a n d m a tc h p a ra g ra p h s A - D w ith p h o to s 1 -4 .
Steven Spielberg Isaac Newton
Failure: the first step toward success
Many people who have found success started out by failing.
Below are four of the most famous.
A Some people consider this man to be the greatest scientist who has 
ever lived. However, his early life was nothing special. He was very 
small as a child and he was a very bad student. When he was twelve, 
his mother took him out of school so that he could learn how to run the 
family farm. Unfortunately, he wasn't very good at that either, so in the 
end he was sent back to school. After eventually passing his exams, he 
went to Cambridge University where he became a brilliant scholar Later, 
he developed his law o f gravity.
B This man is one ofthe most famous inventors o f all time, which is 
incredible when you think he only went to school for three months. After 
his teacher lost patience with him, his mother taught him at home and 
he learned many important lessons from reading books. His working life 
started as badly as his schooling had, and he was fired from his first two 
jobs. However, this gave him more time lo experiment - by the end o f his 
life he had invented over a thousand devices. His most famous invention 
was a certain type o f lightbulb.
C Ask anyone to name the most famous movie director in Hollywood and 
many of them will say this man's name. However, his movie career started 
badly, as he was rejected three times from film school. He eventually started 
his studies at a different school, but he dropped out to become a director 
before he had finished. Since then he has won the Oscar for best director 
twice, and three o f his movies have broken box office records. He went 
back to school in 2002 to finish his studies and earn his BA degree.
D Although he is one ofthe most successful businessmen and computer 
programmers o f all time, this man didn't actually finish college. He was 
very bright at school and went to Harvard University, but he spent most 
o f his time using the college's computers for his own projects and didn't 
do much studying. After dropping out, he decided to start his own 
company with a friend. This company failed, but he persisted and won 
a contract with IBM which eventually resulted in his company becoming 
one ofthe most powerful and recognized brands in the world today.
b R e a d th e a r t ic le a g a in . M a r k th e sen ten ce s T (true) 
o r F (fa lse).
1 Isaac N e w to n a lm o s t becam e a fa rm er. T_
2 H e w as neve r a ve ry good studen t. __
3 T h o m a s E d is o n m issed th ree m o n th s 
o f sch oo l w hen he w as a ch ild .
4 H e d id n 't m ake a good im p re s s io n o n h is
bosses a t th e s ta r t o f h is w o rk in g life . __
5 S teven Sp ie lb e rg c o u ld n 't go to the f i lm
sch o o l he w an ted to. __
6 H e has never f in ish e d h is degree. __
7 B i l l G a te s fa ile d o u t o f co llege . __
8 H is f ir s t c o m pan y w a sn ’t su ccessfu l. __
c L o o k a t th e h ig h l ig h te d w o rd s and ph ra ses . W h a t 
d o y o u t h in k th e y m e an ? U s e y o u r d ic t io n a r y to 
lo o k u p th e ir m e a n in g an d p ro n u n c ia t io n .
d C o m p le te th e sen ten ce s w it h o ne o f the 
h ig h l ig h te d w o rd s o r p h ra ses .
1 T h e c h i ld ’s pa ren ts lost patience w ith her 
and sent he r to he r ro om .
2 H e w a sn ’t e n jo y in g co llege , so h e _____________
_____________ a fte r the f ir s t year.
3 A f te r severa l m on th s, s h e _____________ m anaged
to pe rsuade he r b o y fr ie n d to see an opera.
4 M y c o lle a g u e ___________________________ fo r
se n d in g p e rso n a l e m a ils f ro m w ork .
5 M y hu sband re fuses to buy e xp e n s iv e ____________
o f c lo th in g .
6 T h e re w as a huge lin e at t h e _____________
_____________ because it w as the o p e n in g n ig h t o f
the m ov ie .
25
Bill Gates
Thomas Edison
b C o m p le te th e se n ten ce s w it h th e c o r r e c t fo rm o f
th e a d je c t iv e s in pa ren th eses .
1 I en joyed the b o o k , bu t the m ov ie w as a lit t le
boring . (bo red / b o r in g )
2 I fe lt v e r y ________________________ w h e n I re a liz e d
m y m is take , (em barrassed / em ba rrass ing )
3 H e ’s ________________________because the p r in te r
is n 't w o rk in g , ( fru s tra ted / fru s tra t in g )
4 T h e f in a l q u a rte r o f the gam e w as re a lly 
________________________ . (excited / e x c it in g )
5 W e haven 't heard fro n t h e r s in ce she a rr iv e d
in B a n g ko k — i t ’s v e r y _______________________ .
(w o rr ie d / w o r ry in g )
6 Y o u r t r ip soun ds r e a l ly ________________________
- t e l l m e m ore! (in te rested / in te re s t in g )
7 I ’m t ire d o f th is te r r ib le w ea the r - it 's so 
 . (depressed / dep ress ing)
8 M a x w as v e r y ________________________w hen
he w asn 't cho sen fo r the job. (d isappo in ted / 
d isa p p o in t in g )
c Ẑ i r d J ) th e -ed a d je c t iv e s in e x e rc ise b w h e re -ed is 
p ro n o u n c e d /id/.
Reflexive pronouns
d C o m p le te th e sen ten ce s w it h th e c o r r e c t w o rd .
1 T h e best w ay to get h ea lth y is to m ake yourself exe rc ise 
eve ry day.
2 Jon and D a n n y h e lp _____________________ to fo o d
w heneve r they com e to m y house.
3 Jenna pa in ted the b a th ro