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Turkish Buffer Letters 
Turkish makes use of three buffer letters -n- -y- -s- to keep 
vowels apart when adding suffixes. There are rules on the 
choice of these suffixes: 
The letter Y is a consonant in the Turkish alphabet. 
The buffer letter -S- 
Only used with the third person suffix he, she, it the form -si -
sı -sü -su when added to a root word which ends in a vowel. 
It is not used in any other instance. 
Turkish Buffer Letter -S- 
Simple Noun Suffixed Noun Meaning 
kedi cat kedisi [kedi-si] his/her cat 
şemsiye umbrella şemsiyesi [şemsiye-si] his/her umbrella 
kapı door kapısı [kapı-sı] his/her/its door 
palto overcoat paltosu [palto-su] his overcoat 
ütü flatiron ütüsü [ütü-sü] his/her iron 
araba car arabası [araba-sı] his/her car 
kuzu lamb kuzusu [kuzu-su] his/her lamb 
Turkish buffer letter -Y- 
Buffer letter -Y- is only used with simple nouns which are not 
suffixed. 
This -Y is used ON PLAIN SIMPLE UNSUFFIXED 
NOUNSwith the direct object Condition suffix -i the to 
become -yi -yı -yu -yü when added to a root word which ends 
in a vowel. 
kedi cat becomes kediyi the cat (object) 
banka bank becomes bankayı the bank (object) 
This -Y is used ON PLAIN SIMPLE UNSUFFIXED 
NOUNSwith the the Movement Toward Condition [dative] -a, 
-e to, towards to become -ya -ye when added to a root word 
which ends in a vowel. 
kedi cat becomes kediye [kedi-y-e] to the cat 
banka bank becomes bankaya [banka-y-a] to the bank 
baba father becomes babaya [baba-y-a] to the father 
The buffer letter -N- with Ownership Condition 
Buffer letter -N- is always used for the Ownership condition 
[genitive] -in -ın -ün -un for owners tht end in a vowel to 
become -nin -nın -nün -nun 
Bare nouns in the ownership condition do not use -Y- as a 
buffer letter. 
Turkish Buffer letter -N- Ownership Condition 
Bare Noun Extended Noun 
köprünün 
[köprü-nün] 
of the 
brıdge, the 
brıdge's 
köprüsünün 
[köprü-sü-nün] 
of his brıdge, 
his brıdge's 
masanın 
[masa-nın] 
of the table, 
the table's 
masalarının 
[masa-ları-nın] 
of their table, 
their table's 
pencerenin 
[pencere-nin] 
of the 
window, the 
window's 
penceresinin 
[pencere-si-nin] 
of its 
window, its 
window's 
yolcunun 
[yolcu-nun] 
of the 
traveller, the 
traveller's 
yolcularının 
[yolcu-ları-nın] 
of theır 
traveller, 
theır 
traveller's 
Buffer letter -N- is used with nouns that have already been suffixed. 
This shift of buffer letter y to n enables the listener to discern 
that the word is already agglutinated (extended) by previous 
suffixes. 
Buffer letter -N is used on ALREADY SUFFIXED NOUNS 
kedisi his/her cat becomes kedisini [kedi-si-ni] his/her 
cat [3rd person possessed object] 
bankası his/her bank becomes bankasını [banka-sı-
nı] his/her bank [3rd person possessedobject] 
kedileri their cat becomes kedilerine [kedi-leri-ne] to their 
cat[3rd person plural possessed motion toward] 
The Buffer Letter -N- with -da/-de and -dan/-den 
The suffixes -de and -dan are added directly to basic nouns 
kedi cat becomes kedide [kedi-de] on the cat 
kediden [kediden] from the cat 
kapı door becomes kapıda [kapı-da] on/at the door 
kapıdan [kapıdan] from the door 
They become -nda/-nde and -ndan/-nden when added to 
ALREADY SUFFIXED nouns to separate them from the 
extended word: 
kedisi his/her cat becomes kedisinde [kedi-si-nde] on his/her 
cat 
kedisinden [kedi-si-n-den] from his/her cat 
kapısı his/her door becomes kapısında [kapı-sı-nda] on/at 
his/her door 
kapısından [kapı-sı-n-dan] from his/her door 
-de and -den require a buffer -n- when added to an 
extended word. 
Simple Noun Extended Noun 
bankadan 
[banka-dan] 
from the 
bank 
bankasından 
[banka-sı-ndan] 
from his 
bank 
bankada 
[banka-da] 
in/at the 
bank 
bankasında 
[banka-sı-nda] 
in/at his 
bank 
bankalardan 
[banka-lar-dan] 
from the 
banks 
bankalarından 
[banka-ları-ndan] 
from their 
bank(s) 
evden 
[ev-den] 
from the 
house/from 
home 
evinden 
[ev-i-nden] 
from his 
house/home 
evlerde 
[ev-ler-de] 
in the houses 
evlerinde 
[ev-leri-nde] 
in their 
houses