New Student's Material

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ONLINE ENGLISH COURSE 
 
 
 
 
 
 
STUDENT’S MATERIAL 
BASIC LEVEL 
 
 
 
TEACHER: Rubens Lima 
 
STUDENT: ___________________________ 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
ONLINE ENGLISH COURSE PRESENTATION 
 
 
 
 
Dear Student, 
 
 
 
 
Welcome to Projeto Go Global! Estamos muito contentes de poder compartilhar 
esta experiência com você! 
 Este curso é uma proposta viabilizada pela Universidade do Estado de Minas Gerais, 
por meio de um projeto de extensão aprovado pelo edital 01/2021 do Centro de Extensão da 
Unidade Passos, sob a orientação da docente Bruna Rodrigues Fontoura e de iniciativa do 
discente e instrutor do curso Rubens Lima. A equipe do projeto conta ainda com a colaboração 
das discentes Amanda Freire Alvarez e Nara Camila Correia como monitoras. 
 Nesta edição, daremos continuidade aos estudos da língua americana, com foco nas 
estruturas gramaticais e tempos verbais ingleses. Aprenderemos também diversas regras 
ortográficas e estudaremos temas culturais em textos para leitura. Os exercícios deste material 
foram desenvolvidos especialmente para prática do conteúdo abordado em aula. 
 Esperamos que você possa aproveitar ao máximo o conteúdo deste curso e que, ao 
término, esteja habilitado a usar a língua inglesa de forma elementar, porém com exatidão e 
proficiência. Além dos cursos, várias atividades, dicas e postagens sobre idiomas serão 
disponibilizados em nossas redes sociais para que você possa aprender ainda mais sobre seu 
idioma predileto. 
 Agradecemos sua participação e interesse pelos nossos cursos. Quaisquer dúvidas, 
estamos disponíveis via e-mail (inglesgoglobal@gmail.com) ou via DM (mensagem direta) no 
Instagram (@GoGlobalidiomas). 
 
 
 
 
 
Good Studies! 
 
 
 
 
 
EQUIPE GO GLOBAL 
 
mailto:inglesgoglobal@gmail.com
 
Introduction| 1 
 
 
INTRODUCTION TO THE ENGLISH STUDYING 
 
1. The English Alphabet: 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
ABCDE: Capital/Uppercase letter 
abcde: Lowercase letter 
 
2. Indefinite Articles: 
 
Indefinite Articles are often used with common nouns to talk about something in 
general. Eg: a person a house a man an egg a day an apple 
 
A: used before words that start with consonant sounds, diphthongs and tripthongs. 
AN: used before words that start with single vowel sounds. 
 
3. Nouns: Function 
 
Noun is a word used to name people, places, things, animals, feelings, substances and 
any living or non-living being. 
PEOPLE CAR PARIS DOG BIRD PEACE GOLD LIGHT ENERGY VIRUS AIR WATER 
 
4. Nouns: Classification 
 
Common Noun: name a general noun. Eg.: house, girl, people, water, cat, love 
Proper Noun (names): name a specific noun. Eg.: Paul, Anne, England, English, April 
 
Concrete Noun: refer to material things, people and animals. Eg.: car, people, Josh 
Abstract Noun: refer to immaterial (nonphysical) things. Eg.: peace, light, energy, Paris 
 
Singular Noun: refer to only one unit of something. Eg.: boy, cat, air, Miami, child, Joe 
Plural Noun: refer to two or more units of something. Eg.: boys, cats, children, USA 
 
Feminine Noun: refer to the female gender. Eg.: woman, mother, aunt, cow, hen 
Masculine Noun: refer to the male gender. Eg.: man, boy, dad, uncle, ox, rooster 
Neutral Noun: refer to both male and female. Eg.: person, student, cat, duck, France 
 
Introduction| 2 
 
 
5. Adjectives: Function and Position 
 
Adjectives are words used to describe nouns or to give them characteristics. 
 Eg.: beautiful, ugly, old, young, red, white, nice, boring, cute, big, small, square 
 
Adjectives in English come before the noun: beautiful day white car smart girl 
 
6. Pronouns: Function 
 
Subject Pronouns: always the subject (who does the action) in a sentence. 
They replace a name or noun in a sentence to avoid repetition. 
1
st
 Person Singular: I 
2
nd
 Person Singular: YOU 
3
rd
 Person Singular: HE, SHE, IT 
1
st 
 Person Plural: WE 
2
nd
 Person Plural: YOU 
3
rd
 Person Plural: THEY (he + he) (she + he) (she + she) (it + it) (it + she/he) 
 
7. Greetings, Farewells and Responses 
 
Formal Greetings: 
 – Good morning / afternoon / evening, Mr. ___________________ . 
 – Good morning / afternoon / evening, Mrs. ___________________ . 
 – Hello, Ms. ______________ . – Hello, Sir. _________________ . 
 – How do you do? – How do you do? 
 – Pleased to meet you. – Pleased to meet you, too. 
 – Have a nice day/night. – Have a nice day/night. 
 – Good night. – Good night. 
 
Usual Greetings: 
 – Hi, how are you? – I’m fine, thanks. – I’m ok, thanks – Good, thanks 
 – What’s up? – Nothing – Not much – Same old 
 – How are you doing? – Great, thanks – So-so – Not very well 
 – Hey there! – Bye. – See you. – Goodbye. 
 – Nice to meet you. – Nice to meet you, too. 
 
How to introduce yourself: 
 – Hello, my name is _______________________ . What’s your name? 
 – Hello, _____________ . OR – Hello, I’m ___________ . 
 – Pleased to meet you. – Pleased to meet you, too. 
 
How to greet someone you know: 
 – Hi, _____________ . How are you doing? 
 –Hey, ____________ . Pretty good, thanks. And you / What about you? 
 – I’m very well, thanks. 
 
8. Common Expressions 
 
please 
sorry 
excuse me 
welcome 
thank you 
thanks 
anytime 
you’re welcome 
 
sure 
of course 
alright 
no way 
dear 
wow 
gosh! 
OMG 
 
SIMPLE PRESENT: TO BE | 1 
 
 
SIMPLE PRESENT TENSE: VERB BE 
 
 
1. STRUCTURE OF VERB TO BE 
READING: 
I am a student. 
You’re a teacher. 
He is a boy. 
She’s a woman. 
It’s a dog. 
We are people. 
You’re pretty girls. 
They’re men. 
Am I a teacher? 
Are you a student? 
Is he a doctor? 
Is she a doctor? 
Is it a cat? 
Are we students? 
Are you there? 
Are they here? 
I’m not a doctor. 
You’re not a student. 
He isn’t a teacher. 
She is not Brazilian. 
It’s not a horse. 
We aren’t American. 
You’re not English. 
They aren’t teachers.
 
2. STRUCTURE OF VERB THERE TO BE 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
READING: 
There is a man at the door. 
There are men at the door. 
There is a bird on the tree. 
There are birds on the tree. 
There isn’t a car on the street. 
There aren’t cars on the street. 
There isn’t a pen on the floor. 
There aren’t pens on the floor. 
Is there anybody at the party? 
There isn’t anybody at the party. 
Is there a picture on the wall? 
Are there pictures on the wall? 
Is there a store in the city? 
Are there stores in the city? 
Isn’t there a fish in the sea? 
Aren’t there fish in the sea? 
There’s cheese in the fridge. 
There’s water in the bottle. 
There’s pollution here. 
There’s orange juice in the jar. 
Is there milk in the fridge? 
There isn’t any milk in the fridge. 
Is there water in the bottle? 
There isn’t any water in it. 
Isn’t there oxygen in the air? 
Isn’t there coffee there? 
 
 
Simple Present: COMMON VERBS | 1 
 
 
THE SIMPLE PRESENT TENSE: COMMON VERBS 
 
1. PRESENT SIMPLE OF VERBS 
READING: 
I work on Sundays. 
You play tennis well. 
John works at night. 
He plays the guitar. 
Janet works a lot. 
She works at home. 
The cat plays with a ball. 
It plays with a ball.We live in Brazil. 
You live together. 
They live alone. 
They come here today. 
We like chocolate a lot. 
I don’t live in Brazil. 
You don’t read books. 
He doesn’t play soccer. 
She doesn’t drink tea. 
It doesn’t eat meat. 
We don’t drink coffee. 
You don’t play the piano. 
They don’t eat cheese. 
The cats don’t drink milk. 
Ann and Mary don’t live here. 
Kevin does not eat beans. 
Patty does not smoke. 
They do not live near. 
I don’t have time. 
She doesn’t like German. 
Do I know you? 
Do you play instruments? 
Does he work on weekends? 
Does she drink soda? 
Does Paul live in London? 
Do you eat chocolate? 
Does it work well? 
Do they live in England? 
Don’t they play basketball? 
Doesn’t she drink juice? 
Don’t you live there? 
Doesn’t she speak French? 
Doesn’t he work there? 
Don’t you think? 
 
2. THIRD PERSON RULE 
 
 
EXAMPLES: 
I go home. -> She goes home. 
You study English -> He studies English. 
I eat meat. -> It eats meat. 
We watch TV -> He watches TV. 
You play volleyball -> She plays volleyball. 
They work well. -> It works well. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Simple Present: COMMON VERBS | 2 
 
 
3. VERB TO HAVE 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
READING: 
I have a red car. 
You don’t have a house. 
He has a new bicycle. 
They don’t have money. 
Do you have some time? 
Don’t you have a sister? 
They have four cousins. 
Does she have a brother? 
We don’t have children. 
Does he have a school? 
Jessie has three siblings. 
My dog has two puppies. 
Your sisters have a pet. 
Do you have patience? 
Don’t they have sisters? 
Does Ted have a school? 
Do they have children? 
Mary has three blue cars. 
 
4. STATIVE VERBS 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
READING: 
I like to go shopping. 
We need to have a haircut. 
What do you see there? 
She doesn’t like red wine. 
They need to study today. 
I prefer to work out here. 
Susan prefers to eat salad. 
Do you care about her? 
My job doesn’t own me. 
They sound like liars. 
The cake tastes very good. 
I hear the news every day. 
Do you remember him? 
He has to work tomorrow. 
I don’t know anyone there. 
Kate knows my mother. 
Does Ann feel bad for him? 
We don`t agree with her. 
 
5. USES OF PRESENT SIMPLE 
 
A. Permanent Truths. 
The year usually has 365 days. There are stars in the sky. I have a daughter. 
B. The Present Period. 
It’s five o’clock. How are you today? Do you have some time now? 
C. Habitual Actions. 
She studies in the morning. Theo likes to work out daily. It rains a lot here. 
D. Future References 
The flight to Canada leaves in two hours. The train from Seattle arrives at 8pm. 
E. Observations, Commentaries and Declarations. 
She doesn’t like that color. I think you should see a doctor. My mouth is dry. 
G. Instructions. 
Go ahead and turn left on the third street. Add a glass of milk and mix a little. 
 
 MODAL VERBS: CAN | 1 
 
 
MODAL VERBS: CAN 
 
1. STRUCTURE 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
READING: 
I can’t play soccer well. 
Can you work on weekends? 
They can’t watch TV here. 
Susan can’t go to a doctor. 
My brother can’t play chess. 
Your cat can’t eat vegetables. 
They can go swimming now. 
He can’t use the Internet. 
She can’t make a cake. 
Can you close the door? 
Can’t she sing in English? 
My father can speak German. 
Our sister can’t speak Italian. 
The dogs can’t drink water. 
Can you travel by yourself? 
Can you wake up early? 
They play hockey very badly. 
She can cook very well. 
Can’t she do her homework? 
There can be more people there. 
 
2. USES OF CAN 
 
A. General ability 
I can speak Italian very well. He can’t play volleyball anymore. Can you swim? 
 
B. Ask for permission 
Can I borrow your car? Can I close the doors? Can I invite them? 
 
C. Requests 
Can you close the windows, please? Can she send me an e-mail? Can I try it? 
 
D. Possibility 
It can be dangerous there. It can’t rain anytime soon. She can’t be here. 
 
E. Offer to help 
Can I carry your bags for you? Can I show you another size? Can I help you? 
 
F. Cannot/Can’t = Not allowed 
You can’t smoke in this room. He can’t travel with us. She can’t go out this weekend. 
 
Simple Future | 1 
 
 
SIMPLE FUTURE TENSE 
 
1. STRUCTURE 
READING: 
I will travel on my vacations. 
They will pass the exam. 
She’ll be late for class. 
I’ll see a doctor tomorrow. 
You’ll find a new job soon. 
He’ll speak with you in a minute. 
Sally will get married next year. 
I think she’ll get better. 
Maybe he’ll arrive late today. 
We’ll find your wallet. Don’t worry. 
There’ll be a party this weekend. 
There’ll be a lot of people there. 
 
She won’t be here tomorrow. 
They won’t work for him this week. 
They won’t be able to come. 
My mother won’t buy another one. 
I won’t go anywhere with her anymore. 
Her sister won’t pass the exam again. 
You won’t leave the house today. 
People won’t be able to walk outside. 
There won’t be doctors there. 
There won’t be a new opportunity for her. 
Her friends won’t visit her at the hospital. 
You will not fight with your brother! 
 
Will you come with us? 
Will they travel again next week? 
Will you go to the market on Monday? 
Will she be alright after that? 
Will I have another chance? 
Will her parents buy her a new house? 
Won’t she come to the party? 
Won’t he sell his car to me? 
Will there be people at the store? 
Will there be a new movie to watch? 
Won’t there be time to finish later? 
Won’t you be able to speak with them? 
 
2. USES 
 
A. Future Prediction 
 It will rain tomorrow. There won’t be people at the restaurant. She won’t find us. 
B. Promises 
She’ll cook dinner for you today. I won’t hang out with them anymore, I swear. 
C. Requests/Refusals 
Will you lend me a notebook? She won’t let you drive her car after the accident, Meg. 
D. Offers 
I’ll help you with your homework. Will you drink a cup of tea with me? 
 
 
Present Continuous | 1 
 
 
PRESENT CONTINUOUS OF ACTION VERBS 
 
 
1. GRAMMATICAL STRUCTURE OF PRESENT CONTINUOUS 
 
AFFIRMATIVE FORM 
 
SUBJECT + VERB TO BE + VERB IN -ING FORM 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
READING: 
My sister is playing games on the computer. 
His mother is cooking dinner for all of us. 
Your girlfriend is calling you right now. 
Susan is looking for a new job urgently. 
Your brother is always doing strange things. 
Their teacher is starting their online class. 
She’s always telling lies to her parents. 
We’re watching TV until late these days. 
He’s always forgetting his keys at home. 
My parents are visiting my grandparents. 
Kelly is buying a new house for her mother. 
My friends are playing basketball now. 
They are going to travel tomorrow morning. 
Her friends are having a party on the weekend 
Mary is going to get married in March. 
Kevin is travelling to Europe on Sunday. 
It’s going to rain a lot tomorrow. 
It’s going to get really cold nest month. 
A man is driving fast on the road. 
The car is going to be repaired next week. 
 
NEGATIVE FORM 
 
SUBJECT + VERB TO BE + NOT + VERB IN -ING FORM 
 
READING: 
Julie isn’t going to college this year. 
Paul isn’t going to get married anymore. 
The children aren’t eating their food enough. 
The doctor isn’t waiting for us at the hospital. 
His friends aren’t going to his party. 
I’m not inviting that boy to my birthday. 
My mother isn’t feeling well today. 
Our sister isn’t studying French anymore. 
Peter and Sam aren’t playing cards now. 
The people aren’t paying their taxes. 
My parents aren’t traveling to São Paulo. 
Jessie isn’t working in a new company. 
Carl and Kim aren’t selling theirhouse. 
I’m not learning English at school. 
We aren’t playing soccer with them. 
He isn’t reading many books this year. 
I’m listening to Classic Music a lot. 
Her boyfriend isn’t cheating on her again. 
You aren’t going to pass the exam like this. 
Jane isn’t writing a new book for children. 
Derrick isn’t playing the piano anymore. 
I’m not studying enough lately. 
We aren’t working for that company. 
They aren’t telling us the truth. 
 
Present Continuous | 2 
 
 
INTERROGATIVE FORM 
 
 VERB TO BE + SUBJECT + VERB IN -ING FORM + ? 
 
READING 
Are you studying German this semester? 
Why is she crying so much? 
What are you doing tomorrow? 
Are they going to travel alone? 
Where is she traveling next month? 
What is she doing now? 
Is her friend going to call her again? 
Are they going to France with you? 
Am I going to speak English soon? 
Are you thinking about him? 
Who is he dating now? 
What are you going to do later? 
Where are you going now? 
Are you studying French or German? 
 
2. –ING FORMATION 
 
A. When the verb ends in –e, drop –e and add –ing: 
to have = having to take = taking to write = writing 
 
B. When the verb ends in –ie, change –ie for –y and add –ing: 
to die = dying to lie = lying to tie = tying 
 
C. Single syllable verbs ending in CVC (consonant – vowel – consonant), double the last 
consonant and add –ing) 
to put = putting to run = running to stop = stopping 
 
D. Two or more syllable verbs ending in CVC (consonant – vowel – consonant), double 
the last consonant and add –ing if the last syllable is stressed) 
to forget = forgetting to control = controlling to begin = beginning 
 
Exceptions: verbs ending with CVC but the last consonant is –r, –x, –w, or –z, we just 
add –ing to the end: 
to cry = crying to fix = fixing to throw = throwing 
 
E. Two or more syllable verbs ending in CVC (consonant – vowel – consonant), if the last 
syllable is not stressed, just add –ing to the end: 
to listen = listening to travel = traveling to happen = happening 
 
F. For all the other verbs you just need to add –ing to the end: 
to go = going to kiss = kissing to wash = washing to see = seeing 
 
3. USES 
 
A. Actions in progress at the moment of speaking 
 I’m speaking with my best friend on the phone now. She’s studying in her room. 
 
B. Temporary actions or situations not necessarily in progress at the moment 
Gary is studying Law at college. We’re working overtime this week. 
 
C. Planned actions 
Susan is traveling to France next week. I’m going to have a meeting with my boss today. 
 
Present Continuous | 3 
 
 
4. STATIVE VERBS 
 
STATIVE VERBS: to describe states 
ACTION VERBS: to describe actions 
 
Present Continuous: describe actions in progress 
You are studying English. ≠ You are a student. 
(here we have an action in progress) (here we describe a state: characteristics or permanent conditions) 
 
NOTE: We never use Stative verbs in the Present Continuous Tense. 
* Only if the Stative Verb is indicating an action, for example: 
 
I have a shower every morning (= present simple: we’re talking about a habit -> HAVE indicates a state here) 
 
I’m having a shower now. (= present continuous: the verb HAVE describes an action that is happening) 
 
5. FUTURE MEANING 
 
For planned actions or arrangements we made for the future, we should always use Present 
Continuous to express them. We must indicate a future adverbial reference (next week, 
tomorrow, in July, next month, etc…) 
 
When it’s about a prediction or a supposition we rather use Future Simple. 
 
Examples: 
I’m going to travel to Paris in November. I already bought the tickets and made a reservation 
at a nice hotel. 
(here we’re talking about arrangements, plans I made for my future = Present Continuous) 
 
My vacations are in November. I will travel to Paris if I win the lottery until there. 
(in this case it’s clear that the trip is uncertain, I made no plans, no arrangements like buying the tickets, 
it’s only a supposition = Future Simple) 
 
6. PRESENT/CLEAR EVIDENCE 
 
For simple predictions in English, we use Future Simple. 
 
However, when we have a clear evidence of something, we must use Present Continuous 
instead, because now we’re talking about something more likely to happen. 
 
Examples: 
I think it will rain tomorrow. 
(a simple prediction and very uncertain, only a supposition = Future Simple) 
 
Man, look at those black clouds! I think it’s going to rain very soon! 
(as you may notice, the present evidence, the black clouds, indicates that the action is probably 
happening very soon) 
 
 
Simple Past: TO BE | 1 
 
 
SIMPLE PAST TENSE OF VERB TO BE 
 
1. STRUCTURE 
READING: 
They were my friends when I was at school. 
She was my favorite teacher in high school. 
I was very shy when I was younger. 
You were the best student in that college. 
She wasn’t my girlfriend, I swear. 
My mother was always kind with us. 
They were my neighbors five years ago. 
I was in England in 2010. 
 
2. USES OF VERB TO BE IN THE PAST 
 
A. Describe characteristics and states in the past. 
She was very tall and blond. I was 17 years-old in 1997. They were very nice to me. 
 
B. Work as an auxiliary verb in Past Continuous Tense. 
You weren’t studying English last year. Was she having a bath when they phoned? 
 
3. STRUCTURE OF VERB THERE TO BE 
READING: 
There was a party here yesterday, you were invited. 
There were only five people in that restaurant. 
There wasn’t any packed food to buy there anymore. 
There weren’t enough workers to do the job last week. 
Was there a blue cell phone on your desk yesterday? 
How many players were there in that match? 
Where was there a crime scene in this neighborhood? 
How much time was there to complete the task? 
 
 
Simple Past: COMMON VERBS | 1 
 
 
SIMPLE PAST TENSE: COMMON VERBS 
 
1. STRUCTURE 
READING: 
You went to New York with your family last summer. 
I visited my relatives in July when I was on vacation. 
They had three brothers and two sisters. 
My mother traveled to China for business last week. 
He ran 10 miles for the Marathon last month. 
His brother liked the chocolate cake very much. 
We studied together last semester at college. 
She bought a beautiful white dress for her wedding. 
He sold his house to buy an apartment in front of the sea. 
I borrowed my favorite book for her brother one week ago. 
The black cats ate their food and went to bed right after. 
All the students forgot their material at home one more time. 
The alarm clock went off five minutes ago. Didn’t you hear it? 
Paul didn’t come to Paris because he’s very ill at the hospital. 
My neighbor didn’t wash his favorite red car today. 
My parents didn’t like my future brother-in-law much. 
It didn’t rain a lot yesterday, there were just some showers. 
I can’t believe my girlfriend didn’t pass the exam again. 
They didn’t see her new house in Cambridge. 
You didn’t do your homework again, Peter! You’re grounded! 
I didn’t receive any e-mail or letter from them yet. 
She didn’t invite him for the party because they argued last week. 
Did you read that new novel from J.K. Rowling? What did you think? 
Did you make that delicious apple pie for dinner today? 
Did my aunt bring her kids for the Christmas party? 
Where did you find your missing dog? Was he alright? 
What did you do today at school? Did you eat your snack? 
When did you go to Europe with your friends? 
Why did she move to Canadawithout her parents? 
How many people did that company hire last time? 
Didn’t he do the laundry today? Why? 
Didn’t she drink too much at the party yesterday? 
Didn’t they work together at Go Global Languages last year? 
 
Simple Past: COMMON VERBS | 2 
 
 
 
 
2. REGULAR VERBS 
When used in the past Regular Verbs end in –ED. 
 
to work -> worked 
to jump -> jumped 
to visit -> visited 
to start -> started 
to kiss -> kissed 
to wash -> washed 
to lie -> lied 
to die -> died 
to dance -> danced 
to chase -> chased 
to prefer -> preferred 
to stop -> stopped 
to dry -> dried 
to fry -> fried 
to study -> studied 
to cry -> cried 
to play -> played 
to stay -> stayed 
 
 
3. IRREGULAR VERBS 
Irregular Verbs have their own form for the Past Tense. 
 
to write -> wrote 
 to run -> ran 
 to eat -> ate 
 to drink -> drank 
 to go -> went 
 to read -> read 
 to think -> thought 
 to put -> put 
 to sell -> sold 
 to lay -> laid 
 to do -> did 
to wear -> wore 
to make -> made 
to have -> had 
to get -> got 
to drive -> drove 
to put -> put 
to hear -> heard 
to take -> took 
to wake -> woke 
to stand -> stood 
to come -> came 
to begin -> began 
to win -> won 
to see -> saw 
to tell -> told 
to speak -> spoke 
to hurt -> hurt 
to buy -> bought 
to bring -> brought 
to break -> broke 
to lose -> lost 
to build -> built 
to catch -> caught 
to teach -> taught 
to cost -> cost 
to fall -> fell 
to feel -> felt 
to fly -> flew 
to grow -> grew 
to ring -> rang 
to lend -> lent 
 
 
 
 
4. USES OF PAST SIMPLE 
 
A. Finished time word. 
I worked out this morning. I drank juice for lunch. I went to the supermarket last week. 
 
B. Finished time period. 
Shakespeare wrote Romeo and Juliet. I lived in Australia. She was born in 1989. 
 
C. Series of completed actions. 
I went to the movies and had dinner at a restaurant. Then I had an ice cream at the park. 
 
D. Describe a state in the past. 
She looked very pale, is she sick? They needed a new house for their children. 
 
E. Indicate the existence of something in the past. 
There were five people at the party. There wasn’t any cheese in that market. 
 
 
 
 
SIMPLE PAST CONTINUOUS | 1 
 
 
SIMPLE PAST CONTINUOUS TENSE 
 
1. STRUCTURE 
READING: 
They were having dinner with us at the restaurant yesterday. 
She was cleaning the room while I was washing the bathroom. 
Ted was dancing and flirting with that girl at the party all night. 
I was having a bath when my grandmother called. 
The full moon was rising and the stars were shining beautifully. 
It wasn’t raining here until last week. But this week is raining a lot, fortunately. 
He was always reading a book before bed when we were young. 
What were you doing last weekend? I was waiting for you there. 
Where was he staying after the break-up? Did he find another place to live? 
When were they going to Japan? Did they cancel the trip? 
 
2. USES OF PAST CONTINUOUS: 
 
A. To describe what someone was doing at a particular point in time 
Mary was studying for the test last night. They were having a meeting yesterday morning. 
 
B. To describe repetition and irritation (with indefinite frequency adverbs) 
He was always complaining about his classmates. She was always going to the doctor. 
 
C. Story background 
The sun was shining bright that day and the birds were all singing from the trees. 
 
D. Overlapping action 
The kids were playing outside when their father arrived from the trip. 
 
E. To describe parallel actions 
I was having a hot shower while my husband was brushing his teeth. 
 
F. Emphasis of length of action 
They were working full time last weekend. I was waiting for him there for hours. 
 
G. Arrangements that were in progress in the past but failed for some reason. 
She was going to France in March. They were going to have lunch with me tomorrow. 
 
 MODAL VERBS: COULD | 1 
 
 
MODAL VERBS: COULD 
 
1. STRUCTURE 
READING: 
I could play volleyball very well when younger. 
We couldn’t step or touch the grass. 
They couldn’t go to the cinema with us. 
She couldn’t start a new course. 
She couldn’t understand much German. 
I was tired last night but I couldn’t sleep. 
Could he swim when he was little? 
I could invite him to dinner if you want. 
Could you explain that again, please? 
He couldn’t play games with his mates. 
Could it be dangerous or harmful? 
They could speak Japanese when they were kids. 
How there could be five mistakes in the work? 
What possible explanation could there be for it? 
Where could there be another place like this? 
 
2. USES OF COULD 
 
A. Past ability 
I could swim when I was little. He couldn’t play basketball well when he was younger. 
 
B. Ask for permission 
Could I borrow your car? Could I leave earlier today? Could I speak with Jenny? 
 
C. Requests 
Could you close the door, please? Could she send it to me by mail? Could I see it? 
 
D. Suggestion 
We could go to the movies tomorrow. I could make a chocolate pie if you want. 
 
E. Possibility 
A lot of crime could be prevented. A new outbreak could start here very soon. 
 
 Modal Verbs: WOULD | 1 
 
 
MODAL VERBS: WOULD 
 
1. STRUCTURE 
READING: 
I’d love to live in London, it’s awesome there. 
She would buy a lot of candies when she was a kid. 
They would visit their parents only on weekends. 
Would you like to have a pizza with us? 
I wouldn’t be his friend if he wasn’t loyal. 
Would they like to have coffee for breakfast? 
There would be no more wars in the world. 
There wouldn’t be a second book for that novel. 
Would there be another crisis in that country? 
I wouldn’t teach him without the homework. 
Would you help me with my task, please? 
They wouldn’t sell me a car after that incident. 
We’d prefer another type of medicine. 
 
2. USES OF WOULD 
 
A. Preference 
 I think she’d love to see the museum. They would prefer to go to the cinema instead. 
 
B. Offer 
 What would you like to have? Would you like to eat here or to take out? 
 
C. Requests (polite) 
 Would you do me a favor, please? I’d like an orange juice and a sandwich. 
 
D. Refusal (past) 
 She wouldn’t help me with my homework yesterday. They wouldn’t come here. 
 
E. Past habits (no longer practiced) 
 I’d go to the park to play with my friends when I was little. I’d wake up early every day. 
 
 
 Modal Verbs: SHOULD | 1 
 
 
MODAL VERBS: SHOULD 
 
1. STRUCTURE 
READING: 
You shouldn’t drive your dad’s car. 
My friend should start his homework. 
Should I close the windows now? 
Shouldn’t they arrive tomorrow? 
He shouldn’t be rude with him anymore. 
Should they see a doctor immediately? 
I shouldn’t leave the house without mask. 
Where should we go after the party? 
There should be another medicine for it. 
There shouldn’t be a car parked here. 
Should there be more cases in the future? 
I should be more cautious about friendships. 
They should be nominated for the Grammys today. 
He should be wearing a seatbelt. 
She should be doing her homework now. 
Shouldn’t they be trying a new vaccine for the disease? 
There shouldn’t be much people at the party. 
 
2. USES OF SHOULD 
 
A. Advice or Suggestion 
I should read that novel. They shouldn’t leave without mask. You should get vaccinated. 
 
B. Situation likely in the present 
He shouldn’t be at his office. The kids should be at school now. We should wash our hands. 
 
C. Situation likely in the future (prediction) 
My parents should arrive around 8pm. Mary and Johnny should get married in October. 
 
D. Should + be + verb with -ing 
You should be wearing a mask. Theyshould be washing their hands. I should be going. 
 
 
 MODAL VERBS: MIGHT | 1 
 
 
MODAL VERBS: MIGHT 
 
1. STRUCTURE 
READING: 
They might move back to China one day. 
We might not believe in what she has to say. 
They might know my father, they’re from my hometown. 
Might I observe what you are doing? 
He might like to visit our new house in Atlanta. 
Don’t come any closer. It might be dangerous. 
She might be late for the show again. 
It might rain a lot this weekend. 
You never know what might happen in the future. 
She might not pass the test if she doesn’t study hard. 
Might you go to the cinema with me tomorrow? 
I might arrive at the airport around 3pm, I’m not sure. 
I guess you might find the main dish delicious. 
He might change his mind when you tell him the whole story. 
Your plan might not work. You should review your strategies. 
 
2. USES OF MIGHT 
 
A. Weak Possibility/Deduction 
They might like spicy food. They might call us again later. She might arrive late. 
 
B. Polite Suggestion 
You might like to try one of our desserts. Might I bring you a napkin, sir? 
 
C. Permission 
Might I borrow your car today? Might I close the doors when I leave? 
 
D. Politest Requests (very uncommon) 
Might we have something to eat now? Might you make dinner for me today, please? 
 
 MODAL VERBS: MAY | 2 
 
 
MODAL VERBS: MAY 
 
3. STRUCTURE 
READING: 
Storms may come later this month. 
They may come here today. 
She may pass the test, she studied very hard. 
You may sit here, sir. The other tables are reserved. 
It may not rain today or tomorrow, the sky is very clear. 
There may be another chance for them. 
May I borrow your pencil, please? 
He may forget everything he said because he’s too drunk. 
You may not work so much, you need to have a healthier life. 
They may come after 7pm if that’s ok. 
She may not refuse a great opportunity like this. 
You may not lose your keys again, pay attention! 
They may be very happy with their new baby. 
May she return my call as soon as possible, please? 
We may not go to that party again, it was awful. 
 
4. USES OF MAY 
 
E. Possibility 
 I may go to a bar after work today. It may rain a lot there. She may arrive soon. 
 
F. Express wishes 
 May God bless you all. May you have the courage to overcome it. May you have peace. 
 
G. Permission 
 May I close the door? May you repeat that, please? He may arrive later if he wants to. 
 
H. A thing that typically happens in a situation 
 One loose step and we may fail the plan. A cat may scratch the plastic bag if you put it there. 
 
 MODAL VERBS: MUST | 1 
 
 
MODAL VERBS: MUST 
 
1. STRUCTURE 
READING: 
You must read the newspaper every day. 
I must start my graduation course soon. 
Must we go there now? 
You must speak only English here. 
She must be the new secretary. 
You mustn’t walk on the grass. 
She mustn’t swim without goggles. 
Must we wash the clothes earlier? 
He must be at his office all day, it’s Monday. 
There must be another place to go after here. 
There must not be many cars in that parking lot. 
We must invite Jenny to the party, she’s so fun! 
 
2. USES OF MUST 
 
A. Obligation 
I must read that book fast. You must wash your hands before eating. She must go. 
 
B. Deduction (with certainty) 
They must be tired after the show. It must be very cold outside, it’s snowing. 
 
C. Emphasize Necessity 
They must find a new job. You must study if you want to speak English. 
 
D. Strong Recommendation 
You must watch that new series on Netflix. We must get together for dinner today. 
 
E. Mustn’t = Prohibition 
You mustn’t tell Jake our conversation. You must not smoke in this area. 
 
 
Basic Vocabulary| 1 
 
 
BASIC VOCABULARY 
 
THE FAMILY 
parents 
mother 
father 
daughter 
son 
child/kid 
baby 
siblings 
sister 
brother 
grandparents 
grandmother 
grandfather 
grandson 
granddaughter 
grandchild 
pet 
relatives 
aunt 
uncle 
nephew 
niece 
cousin 
mother-in-law 
father-in-law 
sister-in-law 
brother-in-law 
son-in-law 
daughter-in-law 
godmother 
godfather 
godchild 
goddaughter 
godson 
stepmother 
stepfather 
stepdaughter 
stepbrother 
stepson 
stepsister 
wife 
husband 
fiancé 
girlfriend / boyfriend 
single 
married 
divorced 
widow / widower 
heir 
ancestor 
descendants 
 
NATIONALITIES 
American 
Canadian 
Mexican 
 
Brazilian 
Argentine 
Colombian 
Paraguayan 
Bolivian 
Uruguayan 
Venezuelan 
Chilean 
Peruvian 
 
Cuban 
Jamaican 
Nicaraguan 
English 
Scottish 
Welsh 
British 
French 
German 
Spanish 
Italian 
Portuguese 
Greek 
Swiss 
Swedish 
Austrian 
Irish 
Polish 
Ukrainian 
Belgian 
Dutch 
Danish 
Norwegian 
 
Australian 
New Zealander 
 
Russian 
Chinese 
Japanese 
Indian 
Korean 
Vietnamese 
Arab 
Afghan 
Turkish 
Israeli 
Thai 
Saudi 
Singaporean 
Cambodian 
Indonesian 
Lebanese 
Iraqi 
Armenian 
 
Egyptian 
Malaysian 
Ethiopian 
Kenyan 
Liberian 
Sudanese 
Tunisian 
South African 
 
THE COLORS 
white 
black 
green 
blue 
red 
yellow 
gray 
pink 
brown 
purple 
orange 
violet 
golden 
silver 
beige 
fuchsia 
ivory 
tan 
opaque 
colored 
fluorescent 
neon 
magenta 
cyan 
transparent 
 
dark ______ (blue, green, … ) light ______ (blue, green, … ) pale ______ (blue, green, … ) 
 
 
Basic Vocabulary| 2 
 
 
PROFESSIONS 
accountant 
assistant 
actor / actress 
architect 
artist 
attorney 
baby sitter 
banker 
baker 
bartender 
barber 
beautician 
bio medic 
biologist 
builder 
businessman 
businesswoman 
butcher 
carpenter 
cashier 
chef 
clerk 
coach 
dentist 
designer 
developer 
doctor 
economist 
editor 
electrician 
engineer 
farmer 
filmmaker 
fisherman 
flight attendant 
fitness trainer 
housewife 
housekeeper 
instructor 
jeweler 
journalist 
judge 
historian 
host / hostess 
lawyer 
maid 
mechanic 
musician 
nutritionist 
nurse 
painter 
paramedic 
pharmacist 
photographer 
physician 
pilot 
plumber 
police officer 
postman 
politician 
professor 
programmer 
psychologist 
receptionist 
salesman 
saleswoman 
secretary 
singer 
soldier 
scientist 
teacher 
therapist 
translator 
veterinarian / vet 
waiter / waitress 
writer 
 
DAYS OF THE WEEK 
 
Sunday 
Monday 
Tuesday 
Wednesday 
Thursday 
Friday 
Saturday 
weekend 
weekday 
holiday 
vacation 
fortnight 
 
MONTHS OF THE YEAR 
 
January 
February 
March 
April 
May 
June 
July 
August 
September 
October 
November 
December 
 
SEASONS OF THE YEAR 
 
Summer Spring Winter Autumn/Fall 
 
WEATHER 
sunny 
rainy 
cloudy 
foggy 
misty 
snowy 
stormy 
windy 
clear 
unstable 
frosty 
haily 
hot 
warm 
cool 
chill 
cold 
freezing 
 
PERIODS OF THE DAY 
morning 
afternoon 
evening 
night 
twilight 
dawn 
sunset 
sunrise 
midday / noon 
midnight 
early 
late 
 
Basic Vocabulary| 3 
 
 
COUNTRIES 
United States 
England 
France 
Italy 
Spain 
Germany 
Ireland 
Netherlands 
Russia 
China 
Japan 
Australia 
New Zealand 
Canada 
Mexico 
Brazil 
Argentina 
South Africa 
Malaysia 
Egypt 
Greece 
Turkey 
Israel 
India 
Cuba 
Korea 
Alaska 
Portugal 
 
COMMON WORDS 
boy 
girl 
man 
woman 
person 
day 
hour 
minute 
second 
time 
money 
job / work 
toy 
car 
apartment 
house 
cat 
dog 
horse 
mouse 
bird 
fish 
cow / ox 
hen /chicken 
duck 
pig 
spider 
ant 
butterfly 
mosquito 
fly 
bee 
farm 
party 
gym 
school 
church 
restaurant 
store 
university 
bar 
movies 
hospital 
hotel 
flower 
tree 
sun 
moon 
star 
wind 
sky 
cloud 
river 
sea 
forest 
beach 
desert 
planet 
Earth 
universe
 
COMMON ADVERBS 
now 
tonight 
today 
tomorrow 
yesterday 
abroad 
here 
there 
also / too 
more 
less 
much 
a lot 
many 
very 
a lot (of) 
little 
few 
enough 
too 
too many / muchso many / much 
well 
badly 
 
COMMON CONJUCTIONS 
but 
or 
and 
for 
that 
because (of) 
then 
so 
if 
as 
 
COMMON PREPOSITIONS 
in / out 
on / off 
up / down 
left / right 
between / among 
inside / outside 
next to / near the 
far from 
close to 
in front of 
behind 
beside 
opposite 
across 
along 
under 
above 
from 
of 
by 
until 
only 
just 
around 
about 
during 
with 
without 
through 
than 
except / but 
after 
before 
how 
like 
as 
 
Intermediate Verb List | 1 
 
 
VERB LIST: ACTION VERBS 
 
1. FOR MOVEMENT 
 
to walk / walked 
to travel / traveled 
to fly / flied 
to navigate / navigated 
to carry / carried 
to dance / danced 
to wave / waved 
to move / moved 
to deliver / delivered 
to exercise / exercised 
to dive / dived – dove 
to drag / dragged 
to stretch / stretched 
to skip / skipped 
to jump / jumped 
to kick / kicked 
to reach / reached 
to crawl / crawled 
to march / marched 
to leap / leaped – leapt 
to clap / clapped 
to tap / tapped 
to swipe / swiped 
to drop / dropped 
to lift / lifted 
to push / pushed 
to pull / pulled 
to twist / twisted 
to punch / punched 
to roll / rolled 
to expand / expanded 
 
to go / went 
to come / came 
to swim / swam 
to run / ran 
to drive / drove 
to rise / rose 
to fall / fallen 
to sit / sat 
to stand / stood 
to bend / bent 
to shake / shook 
to slide / slid 
to spin / spun – span 
to throw / threw 
to hit / hit 
to hold / held 
to spread / spread 
 to dig / dug 
 
2. MAIN VERBS 
 
to study / studied 
to work / worked 
to play / played 
to wait / waited 
to attend / attended 
to watch / watched 
to wash / washed 
to clean / cleaned 
to visit / visited 
to dress / dressed 
to answer / answered 
to talk / talked 
to call / called 
to ask / asked 
to try / tried 
to turn / turned 
to start / started 
to finish / finished 
to live / lived 
to die / died 
to follow / followed 
to show / showed 
to continue / continued 
to change / changed 
to allow / allowed 
to help / helped 
to open / opened 
to close / closed 
to offer / offered 
to raise / raised 
 
Intermediate Verb List | 2 
 
to decide / decided 
to stay / stayed 
to use / used 
to kill / killed 
to remain / remained 
to expect / expected 
to add / added 
to achieve / achieved 
to admit / admitted 
to afford / afforded 
to arrive / arrived 
to cause / caused 
to correct / corrected 
to discover / discovered 
to destroy / destroyed 
to disappear / disappeared 
to develop / developed 
to cross / crossed 
to describe / described 
to express / expressed 
to explain / explained 
to improve / improved 
to increase / increased 
to inform / informed 
to join / joined 
to laugh / laughed 
to borrow / borrowed 
to produce / produced 
to provide / provided 
to protect / protected 
to receive / received 
to reduce / reduced 
to reply / replied 
to remove / removed 
to repeat / repeated 
to return / returned 
to save / saved 
to share / shared 
to survive / survived 
to release / released 
to paint / painted 
to return / returned 
to smile / smiled 
to film / filmed 
to record / recorded 
to create / created 
to compare / compared 
to copy / copied 
to cry / cried 
to introduce / introduced 
to identify / identified 
to lie / lied 
to kiss / kissed 
to marry / married 
to print / printed 
to celebrate / celebrated 
to pray / prayed 
to retire / retired 
to warn / warned 
to type / typed 
to impress / impressed 
to last / lasted 
 
to do / did 
to make / made 
to take / took 
to get / got 
to drink / drank 
to eat / ate 
to bring / brought 
to give / gave 
to sell / sold 
to buy / bought 
to pay / paid 
to spend / spent 
to deal / dealt 
to read / read 
to write / wrote 
to wake / woke 
to tell / told 
to send / sent 
to put / put 
to leave / left 
to speak / spoke 
to say / said 
to find / found 
to lose / lost 
to become / became 
to keep / kept 
to let / let 
to win / won 
to meet / met 
to begin / began 
to set / set 
to build / built 
to grow / grew 
to choose / chose 
to forgive / forgave 
to lend / lent 
 
Intermediate Verb List | 3 
 
to sing / sang 
to draw / drew 
to tear / tore 
to win / won 
to shine / shone – shined 
to catch / caught 
to teach / taught 
to bet / bet 
to breathe / breath 
to fight / fought 
to dream / dreamt 
to break / broke 
 
3. STATIVE VERBS 
 
to need / needed 
to like / liked 
to want / wanted 
to prefer / preferred 
to believe / believed 
to agree / agreed 
to disagree / disagreed 
to remember / remembered 
to love / loved 
to hate / hated 
to enjoy / enjoyed 
to dislike / disliked 
to hope / hoped 
to imagine / imagined 
to deserve / deserved 
to doubt / doubted 
to matter / mattered 
to belong / belonged 
to deny / denied 
to seem / seemed 
to measure / measured 
to weigh / weighed 
to admire / admired 
to realize / realized 
to suppose / supposed 
to mind / minded 
to include / included 
to appear / appeared 
to promise / promised 
to recognize / recognized 
to involve / involved 
to possess / possessed 
to own / owned 
to owe / owed 
to concern / concerned 
to depend / depended 
to satisfy / satisfied 
to resemble / resembled 
to consist / consisted 
to lack / lacked 
to loathe / loathed 
to detest / detested 
to care / cared 
to appreciate / appreciated 
to admit / admitted 
to acknowledge / acknowledged 
to behave / behaved 
to assume / assumed 
to advise / advised 
to complain / complained 
to confess / confessed 
to fear / feared 
to wish / wished 
to desire / desired
 
to understand / understood 
to know / knew 
to learn / learned – learnt 
to think / thought 
to mean / meant 
to fit / fit 
to forget / forgot 
to feel / felt 
to cost / cost 
to have / had 
to be / was – were 
 
 
MEANS OF PERCEPTION 
 
to see / saw 
to hear / heard 
to taste / tasted 
to sound sounded 
to touch / touched 
to smell / smelled