Teste de Conhecimento

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Teste de Conhecimento
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LÍNGUA INGLESA ESTRUTURA SINTÁTICA II
EE
Lupa	Calc.
Você fará agora seu TESTE DE CONHECIMENTO! Lembre-se que este exercício é opcional, mas não valerá ponto para sua avaliação. O mesmo será composto de questões de múltipla escolha.
Após responde cada questão, você terá acesso ao gabarito comentado e/ou à explicação da mesma. Aproveite para se familiarizar com este modelo de questões que será usado na sua AV e AVS.
1. Coordination is a syntactic process that organizes constituents of the same category or same function. Based on it, in which option are the noun phrases [my mother] and [my father] organized through the process of coordination?
My mother loves my father since childhood.
My mother gave a gift to my father in his birthday. My father kissed my mother in front of my friends. (x) My mother and my father are my best friends.
My father gave my mother a beautiful necklace.
Data Resp.: 31/03/2022 10:44:11
Explicação:
Feedback: Coordinate clauses are usually linked by coordinators. The only sentence which exemplifies such use is My mother and my father are my best friends, in which the noun phrases are linked by the coordinator and. The other sentences show examples in which the noun phrases either occupy the subject position, being placed before the verb, or the object position, complementing the verb phrase.
2. In traditional grammar, coordination is divided in two types: syndetic and asyndetic coordination. The latter consists in the omission of a conjunction, and the former consists in use of it. Based on it, which option is structured by asyndetic coordination?
He can really sing, so he can try a musical career. (x) I'll order pasta, tomatoes, lettuce, grapes...
She loves him, but she needs to leave him now. You may win, or you may lose this game.
Chomsky is famous, for he's written important books.
Data Resp.: 31/03/2022 10:54:17
Explicação:
Feedback: All options contain coordinating conjunctions, such as or, but, for and so, meaning that they are examples of syndetic coordination. The only alternative in which elements are linked without the help of coordinators is I¿ll order pasta, tomatoes, lettuce, grapes... In this case, commas are being used instead of conjunctions so this is the only example of asyndetic coordination.
3. Read the text below:
The Scandinavian influence was the earliest, and arguably one of the strongest external forces that went into the making of modern English. Consequently, knowledge of the Icelandic language is of utmost importance. Not only does Icelandic supply a linguistic basis for such a study, but it also provides the source of a great deal of the necessary information for the understanding of medieval British history. Old Icelandic literature, both in poetry and prose, presents a wealth of interesting material, which in some respects stands unrivalled among the literatures of medieval Europe, and without which, one's knowledge of the ancient North would certainly be limited.
(Adapted from ZOËGA, Geir T. A Concise Dictionary of Old Icelandic. Available at: https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/A-Concise- Dictionary-of-Old-Icelandic-Zo%C3%ABga/6f0f8c31249e4c6bf97026fd1b76f4bfd2b500dc. Accessed Sept 3rd, 2021.) How many sentences are there in the text above?
 5
 3
 1
 4
 2
Data Resp.: 31/03/2022 11:11:18
Explicação:
4 (CORRECT) - By definition, a sentence starts with a capital letter and ends either with a period, question mark, or exclamation mark. In the text above, there are four periods (= full stops), so the text has four sentences. The other options either show a number that is inferior to the total of sentences or superior to 4, which is the correct answer.
4.
Read the text below:
There are now more overweight than underweight people in the world.
London - More than 640 million people [1]globally now weigh in as [2]obese and the world has more overweight than underweight people, according to an [3]analysis of global trends in body mass index (BMI).
A startling increase [4]in rates of obesity in the past 40 years means the number of people with a BMI of more than 30 has risen from 105 million in 1975 to 641 million, the study found. More than one in 10 men and one in seven women are obese.(DAVID GRAY. Reuters. There Are Now More Overweight Than Underweight People in the World. 2016. Available at: https://www.newsweek.com/world-obesity-641- million-overweight-underweight-442874. Accessed August,31, 2021)
The highlighted elements [1], [2], [3] and [4] are examples of which types of PHRASES respectively?
 [1] = prepositional phrase; [2] = noun phrase; [3] = verb phrase; [4] = adjective frase
 [1] = adjective phrase; [2] = noun phrase; [3] = adverbial phrase; [4] = verb phrase
 [1] = noun phrase; [2] = verb phrase; [3] = adverbial phrase; [4] = noun phrase
 [1] = adverbial phrase; [2] = adjective phrase; [3] = noun phrase; [4] = prepositional phrase
 [1] = noun phrase; [2] = adverbial phrase; [3] = adjective phrase; [4] = verb phrase
Data Resp.: 31/03/2022 11:25:01
Explicação:
[1] = adverbial phrase; [2] = adjective phrase; [3] = noun phrase; [4] = prepositional phrase (CORRECT). The head of each phrase is what must be used to label the type of phrase in use. Consequently, globally is an adverb (the -ly suffix used to form adverbs from adjectives), obese is an adjective because characterizes the noun people previously mentioned, analysis is a noun, since it is preceded by the article an and the structure in rates is composed of a preposition + complement, which is the structure of a prepositional phrase.
5.
Choose the option providing the correct classification (followed by a suitable explanation) for the clauses between brackets:
E-waste is a health and environmental hazard, containing toxic additives or hazardous substances such as mercury, which damages the
human brain and / or coordination system.
Source: Global e-waste surging: up 21 per cent in 5 years (who.int)
It is a restrictive relative clause because it provides additional (and omissible) information on the effects of mercury on human health.
 It is a restrictive relative clause because it specifies how mercury harms the human body.
It is a nonrestrictive relative clause because it provides additional (and omissible) information on the effects of mercury on human health.
 It is a relative adverbial because, similarly to adverbs, it provides the circumstances in which mercury damages human health.
It is a nonrestrictive relative clause because it specifies how mercury harms the human body.
Data Resp.: 31/03/2022 11:31:14
Explicação:
When it comes to distinguishing nonrestrictive and restrictive relative clause, it is always important to take a closer look at punctuation - or the lack of it. The clause between brackets is a nonrestrictive relative clause because it is kept apart from the main clause by a comma and the information it provides is omissible. It does not define or specify mercury. It only makes a comment on its harmful effects on the human body. The correct alternative is thus: "It is a nonrestrictive relative clause because it provides additional (and omissible) information on the effects of mercury on human health".
6. In 2014, the United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP) published a document with guidelines for a more sustainable use of plastic. You can find in the excerpt below a clause defining the sort of world the project is willing to build. After reading it, choose the
option that best rephrases it.
"The Plastic Disclosure Project asks organisations to measure, manage, disclose and benefit from more sustainable use of plastic. It seeks a world in which plastic adds value for consumers and businesses without negatively impacting the environment".
 It seeks a world where plastic adds value for consumers and businesses without negatively impacting the environment.
It seeks a world that plastic adds value for consumers and businesses without negatively impactingthe environment.
It seeks a world in that plastic adds value for consumers and businesses without negatively impacting the environment. It seeks a world how plastic adds value for consumers and businesses without negatively impacting the environment.
It seeks a world when plastic adds value for consumers and businesses without negatively impacting the environment.
Data Resp.: 31/03/2022 11:35:06
Explicação:
Where is the relative adverb that best conveys the meaning of place present in in which. "In which" can convey different meanings such as place, time and manner. In the excerpt, though, place is being conveyed. In order to rewrite the sentence while still retaining its original meaning, "where" should be used. The only correct option is hence: "It seeks a world where plastic adds value for consumers and businesses without negatively impacting the environment". The other options convey either time (when), manner (how) or present relative pronouns (that).
7. Mark the option that best classifies the syntactic function of the noun phrase "extreme sea level events" in the main clause and in the restrictive relative clause respectively:
Extreme sea level events [that previously occurred once in 100 years] could happen every year by the end of this century.
 Subject, object. Object, subject.
 Subject, subject. Object, object.
 Subject, agent of the passive voice.
Data Resp.: 31/03/2022 11:36:52
Explicação:
The noun phrase "extreme sea level events" is the subject of the verb "occurred" in the main clause, as well as the subject of the verb phrase "could happen" in the restrictive relative clause. Therefore, "subject, subject" is the correct answer. Remember that the canonical word order in English is subject-verb-complement, meaning that the subject usually precedes the verb phrase; which is the case of the sentence above.
8.
Mark the option that best classifies the syntactic function of the noun phrase "the people" in the main clause and in the restrictive relative clause respectively:
"These changes affect both ocean ecosystems and the people [that rely on them]"
 Subject, subject. Object, object. Subject, object.
 Subject, agent of the passive voice.
 Object, subject.
Data Resp.: 31/03/2022 11:38:14
Explicação:
The noun phrase "the people" is the object of the verb "affect" in the main clause as well as the subject of the verb "rely" in the restrictive relative clause. Remember that the canonical word order in English is subject-verb-complement, meaning that the subject usually precedes the verb phrase and that a complement (in this case an object) follows the verb phrase. "The
people" follow the verb phrase, being the complement or object of the verb "affect"; whereas "that" precedes the verb "rely", occupying then the subject slot. The only correct alternative is "object, subject".
9. There are special types of questions in English which are used to confirm or check information, by means of eliciting my interlocutor's agreement or confirmation. Below you will find some examples of the so-called tag questions. Choose the options which contain
grammatically correct examples of tag questions:
i- She is coming, isn't she?
ii- She does work here, John? iii- I should come, shouldn't I? iv- I do love chocolate.
 Only option i) is a tag question.
 Options iii) and iv) are examples of tag questions. Only option ii) is a tag question.
 Only option iv) is not an example of a tag question.
 Options i) and iii) are examples of tag questions.
Data Resp.: 31/03/2022 11:40:03
Explicação:
Tag questions are formed by inverting the polarity of the original sentence and placing the auxiliary verb before the subject. Therefore, only in options i) and iii) is this structure being used. Options ii) and iv) show another type of phenomenon, when the auxiliary verb is used for emphatic purposes.
10. Analyze the questions below so as to identify their main functions
i- Are you coming tomorrow?
ii- Which do you prefer: coffee or tea?
 we use ii) when we ask about missing information. in i) and ii) the addressee is unknown.
 in i) we want to invite the addressee to select among alternatives presented.
 in i) we want to invite the addressee to indicate whether a proposition is true or not. we use i) and ii) to make random elicitation.
Data Resp.: 31/03/2022 11:41:34
Explicação:
Question i) is a Yes-no question whose main function is to ask my interlocutor, or addressee to indicate whether a statement is true or not; whereas question ii) is an alternative question whose main function is to ask my interlocutor to choose among the options given. Therefore, the only correct option is the one that states that "we want to invite the addressee to indicate whether a proposition is true or not".
Não Respondida
Não Gravada
Gravada
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